cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Memory in the Small: Combining Collective Memory and Task Support for a Scientific Community

Many forms of memory exist embedded within the processes and tasks of an organization or community. Memory in the small, or memory utilized in the performance of an institutionally important task, serves as an effective task support mechanism. By basing memory on tasks (and basing task support on memory), memory systems can provide additional and necessary support services for organizations and communities. As an example of memory in the small, in this article we describe a software system, called the ASSIST, that combines memory with task performance for a scientific community. The ASSIST utilizes and stores the collective memory of astrophysicists about data analysis, and is used worldwide by astrophysicists. In this article, we also consider the architectural and theoretical issues involved when combining memory with task performance.
A New Source of Resistance to Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Cause of Eyespot Disease of Wheat, Located on Chromosome 4V of Dasypyrum villosum

Resissnce ro AenlocercoEorella herpotnchodes in 6ve wheat culdvars, rcc essionV 6 7281 of Daqprrrm ztllosam, and'Chinese Spnng' disomic addition lines of the D. ollosum chromosomes lV, 2V, 4V, 5V, 6V and 7V, was evaluated in seedlings by rneasunng disease progress 6 weeks afer inoculation wirh a lglucuronrdase-transformed strain o{ the parhogen and by visualestimates o[ disease severity. D. v losam and the disomic addition line ofchromosome 4V were as resistant as wheat culdvars 'VPM-l' and 'Cappelle Desprez', but less resisrant rhan 'Rendezvous'. Resist ance of the chromosome 4V disomic addition line was equivalent to that ol D. vllosum. 'Chinese Sprrng' and drsomrc addidon lines of lV,2V, 5V, 6V and ry wcre allsusceprible. These resuhs con6rm Spn,c(;ut_'s (1936) report of resistance in D. tilosam to P. ber potnchotdes and estallish rhe chromosomal location for the genes controlling resistance. The presence of chromosome 4V in the addition line and its homo eology to chromosome 4 in wheat were confrmed by Southern anJysis of genomic DNA using chromosome group ,l-speci6c clones. This teneric locus is not homoeologous wirh other known genes for resistance to P. berpotnchotdes located on chromosome troup 7, and thus represents a new source of resisrance to rhis pathogen.
Howell-Jolly–like bodies in neutrophils.

![Figure][1] A 2-year-old boy with VACTERL association with multiple congenital anomalies was hospitalized with fever without a source. He was 4 months status post–deceased donor renal transplant for solitary dysplastic kidney. Immunosuppression included tacrolimus and azathioprine. History
Operational glider monitoring, piloting, and communications

The Glider Operations Center (GOC) at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) is responsible for operating a fleet of autonomous unmanned systems, including ocean gliders, in the collection of physical oceanography data. The data collected include ocean temperature, salinity, and optical properties, which are profiled at depth and used by ocean modelers to forecast future environmental ocean conditions. NAVOCEANO then provides these forecasts in near-real time to support strategic, operational, and tactical Navy fleet requirements and activities. The Glider Monitoring, Piloting, and Communications (GLMPC) interface is a tool used by the GOC for command and control of ocean gliders and other unmanned surface vehicles. Vehicles controlled by GLMPC include the Littoral Battlespace Sensing-Glider (shallow and deep varieties), Kongsberg Seaglider, and Liquid Robotics Wave Glider. GLMPC provides the glider pilot with the ability to change and adjust missions, plan and adjust routes, review vehicle data profiles and statistics, compare dives and profiles of multiple vehicles in one area, and view vehicle diagnostics. Each type of autonomous vehicle is produced by the respective manufacturer with its own user interface, complete with a special set of commands only that type of vehicle can understand. GLMPC provides a pilot the ability to communicate with multiple types of vehicles simultaneously via a graphical user interface (GUI). GLMPC converts the GUI instructions into the specific commands expected by each vehicle type. This significantly reduces the number of commands a pilot is required to manually issue to vehicles and increases the number and types of vehicles that can be effectively operated at once. Future enhancements to GLMPC are planned to include Glider Observation Strategies (GOST) software, developed by the Naval Research Laboratory, which will automate the generation of planned vehicle tracks to be ingested by GLMPC. Other enhancements to GLMPC include the ability to display quality-controlled data and raw data for comparison purposes. Currently only raw data are displayed. Display of real-time weather and/or wind forecast data is also being explored.
A Method for Isolating Continuous Cell Lines from Toxorhynchites Amboinensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Minced larval tissue fragments and mechanically damaged but living whole larvae were compared as sources of seed cells for initiating continuous cell lines from Toxorhynchites amboinensis. No cell line was obtained from the completely minced larval tissue fragments, although patches of cells that attached to the glass often replicated for 3 to 8 weeks. On the other hand, more than 20 continuous cell lines were isolated from the mechanically damaged but living larvae. The presence of 5 or more damaged larvae in tubes containing glass-attached cells during the 1st 8 weeks in primary culture was found to be important for isolating continuous cell lines from the mosquito. Cell lines were isolated faster when more damaged larvae were present in a tube.
Role of TREK-1 Potassium Channel in Bladder Overactivity After Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Mouse

Purpose: Mouse models of partial bladder outlet obstruction cause bladder hypertrophy. Expression of a number of ion channels is altered in hypertrophic detrusor muscle, resulting in bladder dysfunction. We determined whether mechanosensitive TREK-1 channels are present in the murine bladder and whether their expression is altered in partial bladder outlet obstruction, resulting in abnormal filling responses.Materials and Methods: Partial bladder outlet obstruction was surgically induced in CD-1 mice and the mice recovered for 14 days. Cystometry was done to evaluate bladder pressure responses during filling at 25 μl per minute in partial bladder outlet obstruction mice and sham operated controls. TREK-1 channel expression was determined at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively, and localized in the bladder wall using immunohistochemistry.Results: Obstructed bladders showed about a 2-fold increase in weight vs sham op...
Initiation and propagation of localized deformation in elasto-plastic strips under uniaxial tension

This paper deals with the evolution of inhomogeneous deformation in shape memory alloy strips and mild steel strips under uniaxial tension. New experiments on NiTi strips, which initially are in an austenitic phase, show that at a critical stress level martensite nucleates in sharp bands inclined at 55° to the axis of loading. Under prescribed end displacement martensite subsequently spreads either by steady-state propagation of inclined transition fronts or via a criss-cross pattern of finger-like features. Similar events have been reported in the literature regarding the evolution of Luders bands in fine grained steel strips and wires. The similarity of macroscopic events, despite the different mechanisms of instability at the micro-level, prompted us to approximate the material behavior as a finitely deforming elasto-plastic solid with a trilinear up-down-up nominal stress-strain response. Two such stress-strain responses were used in finite element simulations of strip tension tests. In the first the true stress-strain response maintains its stability and in the second the intermediate branch has a negative slope. While both material models produced inhomogeneous deformations with features similar to those of the experiments, the larger initiation peak associated with the second gave results which closely resembled specific experiments. The numerical simulations confirmed that the evolution of events seen in experiments on SMAs and mild steels is strongly influenced by overall geometric (structural) effects. Furthermore, the success of this simple continuum constitutive model strongly suggests that continuum level events remain dominant players in such fine grained materials.
Nuclear fragmentation parameters needed for interpretation of observed fluxes of UH cosmic ray nuclei

Any study of the origin of the UH nuclei in the cosmic rays requires that their observed abundances be propagated back to the source. This demands a knowledge of the interaction cross sections in the materials of the detectors, any local overlying matter, and the interstellar medium. New measurements of interaction probabilities of 10.6 GeV/n gold nuclei show significant differences from previous measurements made at less than 1.0 GeV/n nuclei. These differences are particularly marked for a hydrogen target. Hence, those cross sections previously measured at low energies not be applied to cosmic ray observations made at energies ≥ 2 GeV/n. Without a measurement of the energy dependence of these cross sections it will be difficult to make reliable propagation calculations, since the differences between measured and predicted cross sections are still at the 20 to 30% level.
Quasifree processes in the3He+3Hand3He+3He interactions

Abstract Quasifree scattering and quasifree reaction processes have been examined in ten 3 H + 3 He and 3 He + 3 He reactions with at least two of the three or more final state particles being charged. Beam energies of 50, 65 and 78 MeV were used. The experimental results are compared with PWIA predictions and Fourier transforms of the wave functions are extracted. The quasifree processes are described in a consistent, but qualitative, manner by the PWIA; distortion in the intial state appears to be the cause of the consistent deviation of the data from the PWIA predictions. Extracted values for the 3 H(d, 3 He)2n cross section are given.
Factors Influencing Gene Delivery into Zea Mays Cells by High–Velocity Microprojectiles

Factors influencing the efficiency of DNA delivery into suspension culture cells of Zea mays by the particle bombardment process were studied using a chimeric gene coding for the production of β–glucuronidase. Two days following bombardment with plasmid–coated microprojectiles, expression of the β–glucuronidase gene was detected with the synthetic substrate 5–bromo–4–chloro–3–indoyl–β–D–glucuronic acid, which, upon cleavage, forms a blue precipitate visually detectable within affected cells. The number of cells expressing β–glucuronidase was about 30 times greater when the cells were bombarded on a filter paper support than when they were bombarded while covered by liquid media without such a support. The efficiency of gene delivery was also significantly affected by the velocity of the microprojectile and the number of micro–projectiles used for bombardment, and the concentration of CaCl2 and spermidine used to adsorb DNA to the microprojectiles. In addition to cell cultures, the particle bombardment process was also used to deliver the β–glucuronidase gene to intact cells on the surface of excised Z. mays embryos. The results indicate that delivery by high–velocity microprojectiles may be useful for the stable transformation of monocot species.
Analytic and finite element solutions of the power-law Euler-Bernoulli beams

In this paper, we use Hermite cubic finite elements to approximate the solutions of a nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. The equation is derived from Hollomon's generalized Hooke's law for work hardening materials with the assumptions of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The Ritz-Galerkin finite element procedure is used to form a finite dimensional nonlinear program problem, and a nonlinear conjugate gradient scheme is implemented to find the minimizer of the Lagrangian. Convergence of the finite element approximations is analyzed and some error estimates are presented. A Matlab finite element code is developed to provide numerical solutions to the beam equation. Some analytic solutions are derived to validate the numerical solutions. To our knowledge, the numerical solutions as well as the analytic solutions are not available in the literature.
Detection of 5-HT3R-A, a 5-HT3 receptor subunit, in submucosal and myenteric; ganglia of rat small intestine using in situ hybridization☆

Physiological and radioligand binding studies have demonstrated the existence of 5-HT3 receptors in the enteric nervous system. In order to determine if the cloned 5-HT3 receptor subunit, 5-HT3R-A, was expressed in the enteric nervous system of rats, we have performed in situ hybridization with 33P-labeled cRNA antisense probes on sections of rat small intestine. Hybridization was detected in both submucosal and myenteric ganglia of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Challenges to apprehension and prosecution of East African maritime pirates

The coast of East Africa, the Gulf of Aden and nearby waters of the Indian Ocean stand as the most pirate-ridden area of the seas at this time and naval forces from many nations have descended upon the region to ensure the safe passage of commercial vessels; yet piracy for ransom continues. The US, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and now the European Union deploy their navies to disrupt raids, intercept and capture pirates attacking ships passing through the region. However, apprehending pirates is only effective if they can also be brought to a court capable of adjudicating their guilt. Increasingly, the captured suspects are being disarmed and released, lacking a reliable nearby littoral state to prosecute them. In this region, with few viable states either willing or capable of holding piracy trials, apprehending pirates meets only part of the challenge of abating the practise. What is needed is a court system capable of adjudicating these cases; yet a thicket of both law and custom limit...
Adenosine deaminase inhibitors: differential effects on multiple forms of adenosine deaminase.

Summary Three forms of calf intestine adenosine deaminase were resolved by gel filtrat in Sephacryl C-200 into species of 38,000 (E S ), 57,000 (E I ) and greater than 200,00 (E L ) daltons. The sensitivities of the three forms of adenosine deaminase to the adenosine deaminase inhibitors, 2′-deoxycoformycin (dCF) and erythro-9-(2-hydroxynonyl)adenine (EHNA) were measured. The concentration of inhibitor producing 50% inhibition of E L , E I , and E S was 2 × 10 −8 M, 8 × 10 −11 M and 2 × 10 −11 M, respectively for dCF and 1 × 10 −7 M, 3 × 10 −10 M and 2 × 10 −11 M, respectively, for EHNA. Thus, the E S and E I forms of adenosine deaminase could be distinguished from the E L form the basis of their respective sensitivities to dCF and EHNA.
Manly Displays: Exhibitions and the Revival of the Olympic Games

This article explores the shift from international exhibitions to the Modern Olympic Games as the preferred site for the public performance of manly character. As fin-de-siecle European and American societies increasingly grew concerned about the waning vitality of men and the individual's marginalization in a mechanized world, they sought out a new form of mass spectacle. National tensions grew that would eventually lead to WWI, and citizenry previously enraptured by the displays of state-directed competition at the international exhibitions were attracted to a venue in which the performance and effort of the individual was the central focus. The Games, particularly in the emergence of the marathon as the showcase event, became the preferred location for the performance of active masculinity that did not involve aggression but, instead, individual excellence achieved through discipline and the adherence to rules.
Intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas followingneedle biopsy of the kidney

Intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas following percutaneous renal biopsy have beenobserved in 3 children. One of them was severely and another mildly hypertensive prior to biopsy. In 2 of them, bilateral fistulas were demonstrated. Repeat arteriograms about a year later did not disclose any evidence of a fistula in either kidney of these two patients. Some of the manifestations of this type of distula seems to heal spontaneously in the majority of instances.
Induction and maintenance of decidual changes with progesterone and estrogen.

THE presence of the corpus luteum during pregnancy led Born, and later Fraenkel (1, 2), to investigate the influence of the corpus luteum on the implantation of the embryo. Ancel and Bouin (3) showed that the corpus luteum induced progestational changes in the endometrium of the rabbit. These findings were confirmed by other workers and climaxed by Corner and Allen (4) with the extraction of an oil-soluble substance from corpora lutea which would induce these progestational changes in the uterus of ovariectomized rabbits. They called the extracted material, progestin, a substance necessary for gestation. Since that time the crystalline hormone, progesterone, has become readily available for clinical use and favorable results have been reported in cases of threatened abortion. In the early clinical studies, ten to twelve years ago, progesterone was available for use in doses of only 1 to 5 mg. per day. Since that time the supply of progesterone has become so plentiful that doses as high as 100 mg. per day ...
First rib fracture and Horner's syndrome due to a motor vehicle collision: a case report.

A case of a first rib fracture and Horner's syndrome due to a motor vehicle collision is reported. Initial evaluation in a hospital emergency department and follow-up by a medical primary care physician failed to provide identification of the Horner’s syndrome. Careful assessment and review of the patient’s symptoms, signs and images revealed this uncommon and important neurologic case presentation. A brief discussion related to traumatic first rib fracture, Horner’s syndrome and arterial dissections of the neck is provided.
LaeA, a Regulator of Secondary Metabolism in Aspergillus spp.

Secondary metabolites, or biochemical indicators of fungal development, are of intense interest to humankind due to their pharmaceutical and/or toxic properties. We present here a novel Aspergillus nuclear protein, LaeA, as a global regulator of secondary metabolism in this genus. Deletion of laeA (ΔlaeA) blocks the expression of metabolic gene clusters, including the sterigmatocystin (carcinogen), penicillin (antibiotic), and lovastatin (antihypercholesterolemic agent) gene clusters. Conversely, overexpression of laeA triggers increased penicillin and lovastatin gene transcription and subsequent product formation. laeA expression is negatively regulated by AflR, a sterigmatocystin Zn2Cys6 transcription factor, in a unique feedback loop, as well as by two signal transduction elements, protein kinase A and RasA. Although these last two proteins also negatively regulate sporulation, ΔlaeA strains show little difference in spore production compared to the wild type, indicating that the primary role of LaeA is to regulate metabolic gene clusters.
Signal-to-solar clutter calculations of AK-47 muzzle flash at various spectral bandpasses near the potassium D1/D2 doublet

An analysis was performed, using MODTRAN, to determine the best filters to use for detecting the muzzle flash of an AK-47 in daylight conditions in the desert. Filters with bandwidths of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 nanometers (nm) were analyzed to understand how the optical bandwidth affects the signal-to-solar clutter ratio. These filters were evaluated near the potassium D1 and D2 doublet emission lines that occur at 769.89 and 766.49 nm respectively that are observed where projectile propellants are used. The maximum spectral radiance, from the AK-47 muzzle flash, is 1.88 x 10 -2 W/cm 2 str micron, and is approximately equal to the daytime atmospheric spectral radiance. The increased emission, due to the potassium doublet lines, and decreased atmospheric transmission, due to oxygen absorption, combine to create a condition where the signal-to-solar clutter ratio is greater than 1. The 3 nm filter, has a signal-to-solar clutter ratio of 2.09 when centered at 765.37 nm and provides the best combination of both cost and signal sensitivity.
Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis of Natural Resonant Frequency and Transconductance Parameters in Microresonators Design

The correspondence presents a method of analyzing uncertainty in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). A specific example is presented using comb microresonators. The equation governing the resonant frequency and the transconductance values was analyzed. The mathematical formulation of the convex model was derived. The major finding is that convex models can be used as an uncertainty analysis tool in MEMS design applications.
Biochemical modeling in coastal waters of the Middle Atlantic States1

Biochemical dynamics in coastal waters off the U.S. Middle Atlantic States are examined by applying the Redfield model of nutrient regeneration and apparent oxygen utilization. The modeling takes advantage of the comparatively uniform spatial conditions of the seasonally stratified central shelf region and follows temporal changes in the isolated bottom waters on an integrated mesoscale. A seasonally averaged rate of bottom water nutrient regeneration of 0.0044 Fmol P* liter-‘. d-l results and this permits estimation of a nitrogen flux across the thermocline equivalent to 0.02 pmol N. liter-‘. d-l. This nitrogen flux and an extrapolated surface water nutrient regeneration could supply at least one-third and maybe close to twothirds of the total nitrogen requirement for the phytoplankton productivity during summer in these coastal waters.
Potty Parity in Perspective: Gender and Family Issues in Planning and Designing Public Restrooms

Public restrooms are among the few remaining sex-segregated spaces in the American landscape, tangible relics of gender discrimination. This article describes how public restrooms have historically discriminated by class, race, physical ability, sexual orientation, as well as gender. It examines how public restrooms pose special health and safety problems for women, men, children, elderly, persons with disabilities, and caregivers. It chronicles potty parity legislation, examining impacts of and backlash from recent laws. It presents new developments signaling a growing international movement and a quiet restroom revolution: the newly formed World Toilet Organization, American Restroom Association, increased family and unisex restrooms, and technological inventions such as automatic self-cleaning public toilets. It proposes innovative solutions about how twenty-first–century public restrooms can make cities more livable; offers roles for planners, designers, and civic officials, and suggests new research directions. Sources include an extensive literature review of relevant legal research, scholarly publications, and media coverage.
Digestion of invertebrate neuropeptides by preparations from the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus

Proteases in the soluble fraction of homogenates prepared from the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus hydrolysed the amidated invertebrate neuropeptides FMRFa and FLRFa, and nematode FMRFa-like peptides (FLPs) KPNFLRFa (FLP-1-H), APKPKFIRFa (FLP-5-A), KNEFIRFa (FLP-8), KPSFVRFa (FLP-9), RNKFEFIRFa (FLP-12) and KHEYLRFa (FLP-14) in vitro. Results were assessed by analysing reaction components with RP-HPLC, UV detection at 210 nm and peak integration. Based upon substrate peak size, more than 90% of most of the peptide substrates was consumed after 1 h at 27 degrees C, but digestion was not complete even with a crude protease mixture. Two peptides, FLP-12 and FLP-14, were significantly less susceptible to digestion than the others. FLP-12 was the least susceptible of all sequences (71% loss; P < 0.0001), while FLP-14 was digested less (84% loss; P < 0.0004) than all but FLP-12. Product peak digestion patterns of FLP-12, a second nonapeptide (FLP-5-A), and FMRFa, incubated with aminopeptidase (amastatin) and serine endoprotease (AEBSF) inhibitors, demonstrated highly specific behaviours of each sequence to protease cleavage. Amastatin significantly (P < 0.03) reduced digestion of FLP-12 (54% loss) and FMRFa (61% loss; P < 0.0005), but had no effect on FLP-5-A. AEBSF had no protective effect on FMRFa but significantly decreased hydrolysis of FLP-5-A (77% loss; P < 0.0001) and FLP-12 (59% loss; P < 0.03). The combination of both inhibitors had additive effects only for FMRFa (34% loss; P < 0.0005). Further analysis of FMRFa digestion using peptides with D-amino acid substitutions demonstrated nearly complete protection of FdMRFa (2% loss; P < 0.0001) from all proteolytic digestion, whereas digestion of FMRdFa was complete. Results suggest that in addition to aminopeptidase and serine proteases, both deamidase and aminopeptidase P participate in neuropeptide metabolism in P. redivivus.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor: role of CT in diagnosis and in response evaluation and surveillance after treatment with imatinib.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), which arise from the interstitial cells of Cajal, are the most common nonepithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. It is now well known that imatinib, a new molecularly targeted tyrosine kinase receptor blocker, results in a dramatic response and markedly improved long-term survival in patients with GISTs. The increasing recognition of GISTs and the prolonged survival have made imaging increasingly important not only for diagnosis but also for monitoring the effects of treatment and detecting tumor progression. Computed tomography (CT) is the imaging modality of choice for these purposes. The imaging findings at initial presentation, during treatment, and at tumor progression were studied in 113 patients with primary and advanced GISTs before and up to 37 months after imatinib treatment. GISTs occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the stomach and small bowel. At contrast material–enhanced CT, localized primary GISTs are typically ...
Velocity analysis using AB semblance

I derive and analyse an explicit formula for a generalized semblance attribute, which is suitable for the velocity analysis of prestack seismic gathers with distinct amplitude trends. While the conventional semblance can be interpreted as a squared correlation with a constant, the AB semblance is defined as a correlation with a trend. This measure is particularly attractive for analysing class II AVO anomalies and converted waves. Analytical derivations and numerical experiments show that the resolution of the AB semblance is approximately twice as low as that of the conventional semblance. However, this does not prevent it from being an effective attribute. I use synthetic and field data examples to demonstrate the improvements in velocity analysis from AB semblance.
A Multimedia System for Route Sharing and Video-Based Navigation

Trip planning and in-vehicle navigation are crucial tasks for easier and safer driving. The existing navigation systems are based on machine intelligence without allowing human knowledge incorporation. These systems give turn guidance with abstract visual instruction and have not reached the potential of minimizing driver's cognitive load, which is the amount of mental processing power required. In this paper, we describe the development of a multimedia system that makes driving and navigation safer and easier by offering tools for route sharing in trip planning and video-based route guidance during driving. The system provides a multimodal interface for a user to share his/her route with others by drawing on a digital map, naturally incorporating human knowledge into the trip planning process. The system gives driving instructions by overlaying navigational arrows onto live video and providing synthesized voice to reduce the driver's cognitive load, in addition to presenting landmark images for key maneuvers. We describe our observations which had motivated the development of the system, detailed architecture and user interfaces, and finally discusses our initial test findings in the real-road driving context
Characteristics of a Historically Harvested Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) Population

Following perturbations like commercial harvests, turtles are susceptible to population declines because of life history characteristics such as long generation times, low recruitment rates, delayed maturity, and slow growth rates. Prior to gaining state-wide protection in 1993, the Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) was commercially harvested in Arkansas. We conducted a mark–recapture study from 2005–2007 on a population of M. temminckii known to have been harvested in the East Fork Cadron Creek, a slow-moving stream in central Arkansas and part of the Mississippi River drainage. Captured turtles were marked, measured, weighed, and sexed. We compared observed characteristics to what would be expected if this population did not exhibit any evidence of past commercial harvest. We caught few large adults and approximately one adult for every juvenile. The adult sex ratio was highly female biased (6 F∶1 M). Population density (18 turtles/km stream reach) was slightly lower than expected. The ...
The Candida albicans vacuole is required for differentiation and efficient macrophage killing.

Yeast-hypha differentiation is believed to be necessary for the normal progression of Candida albicans infections. The emergence and extension of a germ tube from a parental yeast cell are accompanied by dynamic changes in vacuole size and morphology. Although vacuolar function is required during this process, it is unclear if it is vacuolar expansion or some other vacuolar function that is important. We previously described a C. albicans vps11Δ mutant which lacked a recognizable vacuole compartment and with defects in multiple vacuolar functions. These include sensitivities to stress, reduced proteolytic activities, and severe defects in filamentation. Herein we utilize a partially functional VPS11 allele (vps11hr) to help define which vacuolar functions are required for differentiation and which influence interaction with macrophages. Mutant strains harboring this allele are not osmotically or temperature sensitive and have normal levels of secreted aspartyl protease and carboxypeptidase Y activity but have a fragmented vacuole morphology. Moreover, this mutant is defective in filamentation, suggesting that the major role the vacuole plays in yeast-hypha differentiation may relate directly to its morphology. The results of this study support the hypothesis that vacuole expansion is required during germ tube emergence. Both vps11 mutants were severely attenuated in their ability to kill a macrophage cell line. The viability of the vps11Δ mutant was significantly reduced during macrophage interaction compared to that in the control strains, while the vps11hr mutant was unaffected. This implies some vacuolar functions are required for Candida survival within the macrophage, while additional vacuolar functions are required to inflict injury on the macrophage.
Post-traumatic disorder symptoms and blunted diurnal cortisol production in partners of prostate cancer patients

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in men, and research suggests that coping with this illness can cause significant distress in patients as well as their partners. This study examined the relationship of caregiving for a partner with PC with diurnal cortisol output in women between the ages of 42 and 75 years old. Participants were women whose partners had PC (n = 19) and women who were in relationships with men with no diagnosed medical illness (n = 26). Women provided saliva samples (4 times per day over 3 days) in their natural environment. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders was also conducted to assess for the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression. Partners of men with PC had lower daily cortisol output across the three days than controls, F (1, 444.08) = 20.72, p < . 001). They were also more likely to report PTSD symptoms with 68.4% of PC partners fulfilling criteria for sub-threshold PTSD as compared to 23.1% of controls (χ 2 = 11.30, p=.01). Mixed model analyses revealed that the presence of sub-threshold PTSD symptoms significantly predicted cortisol production, F (1, 419.64) = 5.10, p < .01). Regardless of caregiver status, women who reported at least sub-threshold PTSD symptoms had lower cortisol production than those with no PTSD symptoms. Major depression did not explain differences in cortisol production between partners of PC patients and controls. Although these findings are preliminary, they highlight the importance of developing interventions aimed at reducing risk of psychopathology in partners of men with PC.
Observations Concerning the Use of 1-Methyl-2-Carbamoyloxymethyl-5-Nitroimidazole Against Experimentally Induced Histomoniasis in Turkey Poults

Abstract THE activity of 1-methy-2-carbamoyloxymethyl-5-Nitroimidazole ** as a prophylactic and therapeutic drug for treating histomoniasis has been reported by Peterson (1967), Whitmore et al. (1967) and Peterson (1968). This report deals with prophylactic use of the drug to a very limited extent. The major aspect of the study involved therapeutic trials whereby Dimetridazole *** was used as a reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nature and Preparation of Infectious Material: Liver and cecal tissues were harvested from poults with distinct lesions of infectious enterohepatitis. Diseased tissues were sliced into small pieces, weighed and combined with physiological saline at the ratio of .5 gm. of tissue/5 cc. saline. The tissues were blended into suspension by the use of a Servall Omni-Mixer. Five cubic centimeters of the tissue suspension was used as a standard inoculum per poult. Approximately one-half of the material was administered per orum directly into the ventriculus and the other half was given…
A probabilistic study of electric power systems considering the uncertainties of renewable generation and loads

This paper presents an approach based upon probabilistic load flow to study the effect of wind generation and variation in loads on an electric power grid. A probabilistic approach was adopted due to the uncertainty associated with wind generation and power consumption. A new method of selecting random variables from historical data is implemented by finding the times of day where power generated or consumed is above or below a given threshold, and correlating the data to incorporate the effects of sites that are geographically close to each other. This is in contrast to other methods where data have been separated into monthly, weekday and weekend intervals. By breaking up the loads into these smaller intervals, a narrower (lower variance) distribution is created from which random load and wind speed data are selected, and in turn has the potential to create narrower distributions for results. The approach is demonstrated on a modified version of the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system. Historical wind speed data was obtained from NREL archives, and load consumption data was acquired from two towns in New Mexico.
CBSA: content-based soft annotation for multimodal image retrieval using Bayes point machines

We propose a content-based soft annotation (CBSA) procedure for providing images with semantical labels. The annotation procedure starts with labeling a small set of training images, each with one single semantical label (e.g., forest, animal, or sky). An ensemble of binary classifiers is then trained for predicting label membership for images. The trained ensemble is applied to each individual image to give the image multiple soft labels, and each label is associated with a label membership factor. To select a base binary-classifier for CBSA, we experiment with two learning methods, support vector machines (SVMs) and Bayes point machines (BPMs), and compare their class-prediction accuracy. Our empirical study on a 116-category 25K-image set shows that the BPM-based ensemble provides better annotation quality than the SVM-based ensemble for supporting multimodal image retrievals.
A comparison of blindpulling and blindwalking as measures of perceived absolute distance.

Blindwalking has become a common measure of perceived absolute distance and location, but it requires a relatively large testing space and cannot be used with people for whom walking is difficult or impossible. In the present article, we describe an alternative response type that is closely matched to blindwalking in several important respects but is less resource intensive. In the blindpulling technique, participants view a target, then close their eyes and pull a length of tape or rope between the hands to indicate the remembered target distance. As with blindwalking, this response requires integration of cyclical, bilateral limb movements over time. Blind-pulling and blindwalking responses are tightly linked across a range of viewing conditions, and blind-pulling is accurate when prior exposure to visually guided pulling is provided. Thus, blindpulling shows promise as a measure of perceived distance that may be used in nonambulatory populations and when the space available for testing is limited.
I NTRODUCTION TO THE T URTLE C REEK III P ROCEEDINGS

(2002). I NTRODUCTION TO THE T URTLE C REEK III P ROCEEDINGS. Prehospital Emergency Care: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 71-71.
Hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activities of the aqueous preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective To evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic activities of the aqueous preparation of Kalanchoe pinnata (K. pinnata) leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by a single administration of streptozotocin (60 mg/Kg). Diabetic rats were then treated with aqueous K. pinnata for 30 d. Serum glucose, proteins, lipid composition, liver and kidney function indices, inflammatory markers, and key enzymes of hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were determined. Results The untreated and treated diabetic groups lost weight and consumed less food compared to the normal group. We noted 37.9% decrease in fasting blood glucose in the treated diabetic group compared to 13.2% and 17.0% increases in normal and untreated diabetic groups respectively. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the treated diabetic group compared to the untreated diabetic group. Blood urea nitrogen was significantly (P<0.05) elevated in the untreated and treated diabetic groups compared to the normal group. Serum alkaline phosphatase and hepatic pyruvate kinase activities were significantly (P<0.05) elevated in the treated diabetic group. Serum albumin level was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in the untreated diabetic group. Serum IL-6 was significantly (P<0.05) depressed in the treated diabetic group. Conclusions The observed decrease in body weight, blood glucose and cholesterol level suggests that the aqueous K. pinnata preparation consumption may be beneficial in the management of diabetes mellitus. The observed adverse effect on alkaline phosphatase activity may be due to the combined effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and K. pinnata preparation administration.
Locating Irish Folklore: Tradition, Modernity, Identity

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Giollain O and Diarmuid Year: 2000 Pages: xx + 228 Publisher: Cork University Press Prices: $£14.95
Diagnosis and Management of Increased Intracranial Pressure in Patients with AIDS and Cryptococcal Meningitis

This study was undertaken to characterize the laboratory and clinical course of patients with AIDS and cryptococcal meningitis who had normal or elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Data were obtained retrospectively from a randomized multicenter quasifactorial phase III study comparing amphotericin B with or without flucytosine in primary treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. CSF pressure was measured before treatment and at 2 weeks. Repeated lumbar punctures were done to drain CSF and to reduce pressure. Patients with the highest baseline opening pressures (> or = 250 mm H2O) were distinguished by higher titers of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen in CSF; more frequently positive India ink smears of CSF; and more frequent headache, meningismus, papilledema, hearing loss, and pathological reflexes. After receiving antifungal therapy, those patients whose CSF pressure was reduced by >10 mm or did not change had more frequent clinical response at 2 weeks than did those whose pressure increased >10 mm (P /=250 mm H2O be treated with large-volume CSF drainage.
Estimating the commodity market price of risk for energy prices

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the “market price of risk” (MPR) for energy commodities, the ratio of expected return to standard deviation. The MPR sign determines whether energy forward prices are upward- or downward-biased predictors of expected spot prices. We estimate MPRs using spot and futures prices, while accounting for the Samuelson effect. We find long-term MPRs generally positive and short-term negative, consistent with positive energy betas and hedging, respectively. In spot electricity markets, MPRs in Day-Ahead Prices agree with short-dated futures. Our results relate risk premia to informed hedging decisions, and futures prices to forecast/expected prices.
Sodium‐dependent Transport of [3H](1d)chiro‐Inositol by Tetrahymena

Abstract The transport characteristics of (1D)chiro-inositol by the ciliate Tetrahymena were examined in competition studies employing [3H](1d)chiro-inositol. (1d)chiro-Inositol transport was competed by unlabeled (1d)chiro-inositol, myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, and d-glucose in a concentration-dependent manner. Conversely, (1d)chiro-inositol competed for [3H]myo- and [3H]scyllo-inositol transport. Lineweaver-Burke analysis of the competition data indicated a Km of 10.3 mM and a Bmax of 4.7 nmol/min/mg for (1d)chiro-inositol. Transport of (1d)chiro-inositol was inhibited by cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of facilitated glucose transporters, and phlorizin, an inhibitor of sodium-dependent transporters. Removal of sodium from the radiolabeling buffer also inhibited uptake. The presence of 0.64 mM calcium or magnesium ions exerted negligible effects on transport, although potassium was inhibitory. [3H](1d)chiro-Inositol was shown to be incorporated into Tetrahymena phosphoinositides.
Oncologists’ Perspectives of their Roles and Responsibilities during Multi-disciplinary Breast Cancer Follow-up

Background Improving the quality of follow-up provided to the 3 million U.S. breast cancer survivors is a high priority. Current guidelines do not provide guidance regarding who should participate in follow-up or what providers’ specific responsibilities should be. Given the multidisciplinary nature of breast cancer care, this results in significant variation and creates the potential for redundancy and/or gaps. Our objective was to provide insight into why different types of oncologists believe their participation in follow-up is necessary.
Interpreting Conservation Easements

Billions of public dollars are being invested in conservation easements through federal, state, and local tax incentive and easement-purchase programs. The National Conservation Easement Database estimates that roughly 40 million acres are now encumbered by conservation easements. As the number of conservation easements grows, the easements become more complex, and the underlying lands change hands, we can expect to see an increasing number of disputes involving the interpretation of these instruments. A key question in this context is whether conservation easements should be interpreted in favor of "free use of land," which is a rule of construction often applied in the private servitude context. This short article argues that the answer to that question is no, and that conservation easements, which are created to benefit the public and are heavily subsidized by the public, should be interpreted in favor of carrying out their conservation purposes.
Entwicklungslinien der Immunchemie

Als R. Kraus gegen Ende des letzten Jahrhunderts die Pracipitationsreaktion, d. h. die durch Antigen-Antikorperreaktion entstehende Fallung entdeckte, waren alle Methoden fur die Bestimmung von Immunreaktionen relativ. Man konnte z. B. sagen, das, wenn ein Antiserum mit dem homologen Antigen bei einer Verdunnung von 1:600 gerade noch eine Fallung oder Agglutination oder Complementbindung ergab, dieses Antiserum ungefahr zweimal so stark war wie ein anderes, das nur bis 1:300 reagierte. Aber so erhielt man keine Kenntnis der absoluten Mengen an Antikorpern in beiden Seren. So entstand eine jahrelange Polemik uber damals nicht entscheidbare Fragen. Waren Antikorper eigentlich Proteine oder waren sie Substanzen unbekannter Natur, die nur den Globulinen anhafteten? War das Complement in Substanz fasbar oder lediglich ein bestimmter kolloidaler Zustand des Serums ? Zur Losung dieser Fragen waren offenbar neue Methoden notwendig. Als Kendall und ich dann versuchten, die strengen Kriterien der mikroanalytischen Chemie zur Bestimmung pracipitierender Antikorper in Gewichtseinheiten anzuwenden, waren die Umstande hierfur besonders gunstig. Am Rockefeller-Institut hatten Avery und Dochez gefunden, das virulente Pneumokokken in der Kulturflussigkeit losliche Substanzen bilden, welche typenspezifisch sind und welche mit homologen typenspezifischen Antiseren pracipitieren.
Semi-Closed-Form Displacement Equations for Calculating J-R Curves From Pipe Fracture Experiments

The equations to generate a J-R curve from a four-point bend test on circumferentially cracked pipe have been known for many years. Given the experimental pipe load-displacement record and crack growth, the only impediment to routinely calculating pipe J-R curves is the requirement to know the non-cracked pipe elastic and plastic displacements. Traditionally, finite element analyses are used to find these displacements. This paper presents a semi-closed-form solution for the total (elastic plus plastic) non-cracked pipe displacements that eliminates the need to perform finite element analyses to calculate a pipe J-R curve.Using a Ramberg-Osgood nonlinear representation of the stress-strain curve and the assumption that plane sections remain plane, beam bending equations can be written to find nonlinear beam displacements for pipe bend geometries with a base metal crack. Building on this result, the solution is extended to the dissimilar metal weld (DMW) case with five nonlinear materials.The non-cracked pipe displacement solutions are presented as well as comparisons using these equations between compact tension specimen J-R toughness curves and J-R curves from pipe experiments.Copyright © 2015 by ASME