cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal allocation of time in a hospital pharmacy using goal programming

Abstract This paper presents a preemptive goal programming model for optimal allocation of personnel time among various tasks in a hospital pharmacy. The model assigns priorities based on daily time intervals, and ensures that the incomplete tasks belonging to the time interval under consideration are fully satisfied in the next interval. We apply the goal programming model to a situation involving a large hospital pharmacy and make a recommendation regarding its staffing requirements.
Bowtie nanoantenna integrated with indium gallium arsenide antimonide for uncooled infrared detector with enhanced sensitivity.

A novel high-impedance nanoantenna with an embedded matching network is implemented to realize a highly sensitive infrared detector. A bowtie antenna is operated at its antiparallel resonance and loaded with a small low-bandgap (Eg=0.52 eV) indium gallium arsenide antimonide (InGaAsSb) p-n junction. The structure is optimized for maximum power transfer and significant field enhancement at its terminals for a desired frequency band where the maximum quantum efficiency of InGaAsSb is observed. The sensitivity improvement of the proposed detector is evaluated against the traditional bulk detector and it is shown that the detectivity is improved by the field enhancement factor, which is approximately 20 for the case considered here.
INTER‐INSTITUTIONAL ARTICULATION AND TRANSFER: THE ROLE OF DATA BASES AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Of all the changes in American higher education during this century, none appears to have been more significant than the birth and subsequent proliferation of the community college. Yet, the steady decline of the overall community college effort that is dedicated to transfer education raises profound and troubling questions about the future opportunities of community college students in our class‐structured society. The viability of the transfer function, therefore, remains a major public policy issue. The chief problem in this area has been the lack of reliable information about the true nature of student transfer rates and patterns. This article discusses the role played by data bases and information systems in any efforts—from the campus to the state level—to examine the inter‐institutional transfer of credits, courses, curriculums, and students. It examines the achievements of selected states and institutions across the country in developing the data bases and information systems that can be used to m...
Incommunicable experiences: ambiguity and perceptual realism in Cristi Puiu's Aurora (2010)

This article examines Cristi Puiu's Aurora (2010) as representative of the New Romanian Cinema's turn away from an engagement with socio-political reality and toward a philosophical investigation of the ways in which perception determines one's knowledge of the world. The film critiques straightforward narration, coherent character construction, and textual legibility, thereby posing a challenge not only to genre cinema, but also to the more morally oriented cinema of other Romanian directors.
Compression mechanics of polymer monolayers

A theory based on a simple buckling mechanism has been developed to describe the deformation and rupture mechanics of a polymer monolayer. It assumes that the closely packed monomer units are forced to buckle in successive pairs under compression. When the protruding angle of the rupture site reaches 90°, the monolayer collapses. This model is found to accommodate the essential features of compression isotherms of polymer mono-layers in the condensed region (below the closest packing area at zero surface pressure) up to and beyond the collapse point. The stress-bearing capacity of the interface is greatly influenced by the ratio of cohesion to adhesion. The compression isotherm may take either a positive or a negative slope beyond the collapse point, depending on whether adhesion is greater or smaller than cohesion.
Restoration of the missing pixel information caused by contrails in multispectral remotely sensed imagery

Although removing the pixels covered by contrails and their shadows and restoring the missing information at the locations in remotely sensed imagery are important to understand contrails’ effects on climate change, there are no such studies in the current literature. This study investigates the restoration of the missing information of the pixels caused by contrails in multispectral remotely sensed Landsat 5 TM imagery using a cokriging approach. Interpolation results and several validation methods show that it is practical to use the cokriging approach to restore the contrail-covered pixels in the multispectral remotely sensed imagery. Compared to ordinary kriging, the results are improved by taking advantage of both the spatial information in the original imagery and information from the secondary imagery.
A new online trading platform based on cloud computing

Along with the development of grid computing and cloud computing, finite computing resources supplied by standalone server usually become the bottleneck in the process of system implementation of online trading platform. Moreover, It is difficult to reuse algorithm module and the system also becomes more complicated to achieve. Traditional online trading framework can not preferably solve the problem listed above. Thus, we propose a framework of online trading platform based on cloud computing. It is feasible to establish a high-complexity online trading platform using infinite virtual computing capability provided by cloud computing. Simultaneously, this framework can realize the sharing of data sets after the integration of heterogeneous and distributed data based on layered thoughtway, and supply theoretical foundation and framework support for setting up a unified, open, distributed, and parallel online trading platform.
Segmental Cervical Spine Kinematics Due to Posteroanterior Impact Acceleration

An experimental investigation was performed to determine the segmental cervical spine kinematics in rear impact acceleration. Segmental motions were analyzed at the time of maximum S-curve for 10 isolated head-neck specimens (5 male, 5 female). Females experienced greater segmental angles at each level of the spine for all input velocities. Statistically significant gender differences were obtained for levels C2-C3, C5-C6, and C6-C7. Motions were statistically dependent upon input velocity for C4 to C7 segments. Results of this study provide a biomechanical basis for the differing rates of reported whiplash injuries between males and females.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Adinazolam affects biogenic amine release in hippocampal CA1 neuronal circuitry.

The new triazolobenzodiazepine, adinazolam, which has dual anxiolytic and antidepressant activities, was studied for its effects on hippocampal CA1 norepinephrine and serotonin release in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats, with in vivo voltammetry. Norepinephrine signals were further characterized in vivo by the detection of a significantly increased norepinephrine signal (mean = 25.8%) (p < 0.003) after intraperitoneal administration of the α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist, yohimbine, and by the detection of a significantly decreased norepinephrine signal (mean = 20.1%) (p < 0.037) after intraperitoneal administration of the α2 adrenoreceptor agonist, clonidine. Time course studies showed that the anxiolytic-antidepressant drug adinazolam (10 mg/kg IP) significantly decreased hippocampal norepinephrine release (mean = 26.2%) (p < 0.007). The norepinephrine signal was further significantly decreased by adinazolam (mean= 16.4%) (p < 0.009) after an additional 2 mg/kg IP injection. Serotonin release, which was detected with norepinephrine in sequence, was also significantly decreased by adinazolam (10 mg/kg IP) (mean = 22.4%) (p < 0.002). The supplemental dose of adinazolam (2 mg/kg IP), however, did not significantly alter serotonin release any further (p < 0.307). The findings show that the mechanism of action of adinazolam occurs simultaneously on presynaptic release mechanisms for norepinephrine and for serotonin in CA1 region of hippocampus. These findings implicate that noradrenergic and serotonergic release mechanisms may be responsible in part for the dual anxiolytic-antidepressant efficacy of adinazolam.
Psychotropic medications in patients with cancer

Abstract Psychotropic drug use in the patient with cancer is reviewed from the perspective of the practicing oncologist and the consulting psychiatrist. Guidelines are offered for use of psychotropic agents for specific symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, pain control, treatment of depression, delirium, anxiety, and psychosis. The importance of careful assessment and treatment of the causes of psychiatric symptoms is stressed. Recommendations for use of specific psychotropic agents are reviewed, including dosage range and route of administration as well as possible drug interactions and other factors affecting the use of these agents in patients. Anecdotal uses of these agents are also considered.
Economic benefits of maintaining ecological integrity of Río Mameyes, in Puerto Rico

Abstract A contingent valuation in-person survey of Puerto Rican households was performed to estimate their willingness to pay for preserving instream flows in the Rio Mameyes and avoiding a dam on the Rio Fajardo. Households annual willingness-to-pay amount was $27 for the Rio Mameyes and $28 for the Rio Fajardo. When expanded to the one million households in Puerto Rico on an annual basis this amounts to $11.33 million for the Rio Mameyes and $13.09 million for the Rio Fajardo. The household values can be compared to the costs of repairing water lines and in-home water conservation measures to determine whether there are more net benefits to these alternative sources of water than withdrawals from the Rio Mameyes.
Adrenal myelolipoma: CT and ultrasound findings

The computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasound (US) appearances of 5 adrenal myelolipomas in 4 patients are reported. The component tissues of a myelolipoma determine its CT and US appearance. A myelolipoma consisting primarily of fat has a characteristic CT and US appearance. A myelolipoma also containing macroscopic quantities of nonfatty material (blood, calcium, or myeloid tissue) may have a nonspecific CT or US appearance if fat is not identified in the lesion. In equivocal cases, needle biopsy may be used to establish the diagnosis of myelolipoma.
14N NMR studies of thallium nitrate solutions in liquid ammonia

14N chemical shifts and linewidths were determined for NO3− and NH3 in liquid ammonia solutions of thallium nitrate at concentrations between 0.07 and 10 M. The concentration dependences of the14NO3− shift and linewidth are consistent with the presence of C2v ion pairs at a 2:1 mole ratio of NH3 to TINO3 and C3v ion pairs at mole ratios of 3:1 or higher. Previous studies had indicated the formation of ion pairs at low concentrations. The small value of the14NO3− linewidth below 1 M suggests that these are contact ion pairs. Studies of the14NH3 linewidth as a function of thallium salt concentration indicate slow solvent exchange at very high concentrations.14NH3 exhibits a downfield shift upon incorporation into the solvation sphere of the Tl+NO3− ion pair, in constrast to upfield shifts reported for complexation with transition metal cations.
Efficient gene transfer by transferrin lipoplexes in the presence of serum.

Abstract Cationic lipids are being used increasingly as reagents for gene delivery both in vitro and in vivo. One of the limitations to the application of cationic lipid–DNA complexes (lipoplexes) in vivo is the inhibition of gene delivery by serum. In this study, we have shown that transferrin (Tf)-lipoplexes, which had transferrin adsorbed at their surface via electrostatic interactions, are much more effective than plain lipoplexes in transfecting cells in the presence of relatively high concentrations (up to 60%) of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Serum even enhanced transfection by Tf-lipoplexes composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-(trimethylammonium) propane (DOTAP)/dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)/pCMVLacZ at high lipid/DNA (+/−) charge ratios, and inhibited lipofection for those with low charge ratios when they were added to the cells immediately after the preparation of complexes. The effect of serum on lipofection was dose-dependent. Preincubation of the complexes at 20°C for 6 h led to serum resistance, even for the negatively charged transferrin-lipoplexes. A similar tendency was observed for DOTAP/cholesterol and DOTAP/DOPE/cholesterol liposomes. The percentage of cells transfected, measured by β-galactosidase expression, also increased with the serum concentration. Cell viability was not affected significantly when the cells were incubated with the complexes for 4 h at 37°C, followed by a 48-h incubation. Our findings extend the scope of previous studies where transferrin-lipoplexes were used to introduce DNA into cells, rendering these complexes and their future derivatives potential alternatives to viral vectors for gene delivery in vivo.
NONADIABATIC THEORY OF ELECTRON-HYDROGEN SCATTERING

A rigorous theory of the $s$-wave elastic scattering of electrons from hydrogen is presented. The Schr\"odinger equation is reduced to an infinite set of coupled, two-dimensional partial differential equations. A zeroth order scattering problem is defined by neglecting the coupling terms of the first equation. An exact relation is derived between the phase shift of this zeroth order problem and the true phase shift. The difference between these is contained in a rapidly convergent series whose terms correspond adiabatically to multipole distortions of the hydrogen by the incoming electron. The physical significance of the zeroth order problem is discussed, and its recognition is considered basic to the understanding of the scattering problem. The exchange approximation for $s$-wave scattering is shown to be a variational approximation of the zeroth order problem. A perturbation theory is introduced to calculate the higher order corrections. The dipole correction has an increasingly important quantitative effect in the limit of zero energy. The effect of the long-range part of this correction on the scattering length can be expressed by a formula in terms of inverse powers of a long-range parameter $R$. Phase shifts for both singlet and triplet scattering are calculated, including up to quadrupole terms. The convergence is such that this number of terms should yield better than four-place accuracy. Uncertainties in our calculated values decrease the accuracy to approximately three significant figures.
PTEN Phosphatase Selectively Binds Phosphoinositides and Undergoes Structural Changes

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is a tumor suppressor that is mutated or deleted in a variety of human tumors, and even loss of only one PTEN gene profoundly affects carcinogenesis. PTEN encodes a phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase specific for the 3-position of the inositol ring. Despite its importance, we are just beginning to understand the regulatory circuits that maintain the correct levels of PTEN phosphatase activity. Several independent studies reported that PI(4,5)P2 enhances PTEN phosphatase activity, but the reasons for this enhancement are currently being debated. In this study, PTEN bound to PI(4,5)P2-bearing vesicles has increased alpha-helicity, providing direct spectroscopic proof of a conformational change. Neither PI(3,5)P2 nor PI(3,4,5)P3 induced this conformational change. On the basis of experiments with two mutant PTEN proteins, it is shown that PI(4,5)P2 induces this conformational change by binding to the PTEN N-terminal domain. Using PTEN protein and a 21-amino acid peptide based on the PTEN N-terminus, we tested all natural phosphatidylinositol phosphates and found preferential binding of PI(4,5)P2. PTEN also binds to phosphatidylserine-bearing vesicles, resulting in a slight increase in beta-sheet content. In addition, PTEN binds synergistically to PI(4,5)P2 and phosphatidylserine, and hence, these anionic lipids do not compete for PTEN binding sites. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PTEN binds to membranes through multiple sites, but only PI(4,5)P2 binding to the N-terminal domain triggers a conformational change with increased alpha-helicity.
Physiologic implications of two different heat shields for infants under radiant warmers

To study the effects of two different heat shields commonly used under radiant warmers (thin plastic blanket vs a plastic body hood) on premature newborn infants, eight neonates were studied to measure insensible water loss and radiant power density at the skin under control and two shielded conditions. The body hood was found to diminish transmission of radiant heat to the infant's skin by 80%, absorbing heat and becoming warm (P less than 0.001). The plastic blanket absorbed only 15% of radiant warmer heat output (P less than 0.01). Insensible water loss was significantly less under the plastic blanket (1.88 +/- 0.4) ml/kg/hour) than under control (2.70 +/- 0.50 ml/kg/hour, P less than 0.01) and hood (2.86 +/- 0.32 ml/kg/hour, P less than 0.05) conditions. There was no decrease in insensible water loss under the hood compared to controls. This study demonstrates that a thin plastic blanket is the more effective shield against insensible water loss under a radiant warmer. Caution should be exercised with any shielding device to prevent interference with radiant heat delivery.
Biodegradable nanospheres self-assembled from complementary hydrophilic dextran macromers

Abstract Supramolecular self-assemblies are predominately driven by noncovalent molecular forces, and electrostatic interactions are the major force for charged molecules. In this paper, we demonstrate the self-assembly of hollow nanospheres from oppositely charged dextran-based hydrophilic macromers. Charged dextran derivatives were obtained by incorporating 2-bromoethylamine (Dex–BH) and chloroacetic acid (Dex–CA) into dextran. In a pH 5.0 buffer solution, Dex–BH and Dex–CA became protonated and deprotonated, respectively, and self-assembled into well-defined nanospheres. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) detected that these nanospheres have a uniform size distribution with a mean diameter of approximately 160 nm, but their size and distribution are largely dependent on molecular weight and pH value. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that these nanospheres could form a hollow architecture, which might be attributed to the hydrophilic characteristics of dextran macromers. An in vitro albumin release study indicates that the release rate reflects the nanosphere architecture, and further demonstrates their potential as drug delivery vehicles.
Application of traditional system design techniques to web site design

Abstract After several decades of computer program construction there emerged a set of principles that provided guidance to produce more manageable programs. With the emergence of the plethora of Internet web sites one wonders if similar guidelines are followed in their construction. Since this is a new technology no apparent universally accepted methods have emerged to guide the designer in Web site construction. This paper reviews the traditional principles of structured programming and the preferred characteristics of Web sites. Finally a mapping of how the traditional guidelines may be applied to Web site construction is presented. The application of the traditional principles of structured programming to the design of a Web site can provide a more usable site for the visitors to the site. The additional benefit of using these time-honored techniques is the creation of a Web site that will be easier to maintain by the development staff.
Performance Modeling of Spatio-Temporal Algorithms Over GEDS Framework

The efficient processing of spatio-temporal data streams is an area of intense research. However, all methods rely on an unsuitable processor Govindaraju, 2004, namely a CPU, to evaluate concurrent, continuous spatio-temporal queries over these data streams. This paper presents a performance model of the execution of spatio-temporal queries over the authors' GEDS framework Cazalas & Guha, 2010. GEDS is a scalable, Graphics Processing Unit GPU-based framework, employing computation sharing and parallel processing paradigms to deliver scalability in the evaluation of continuous, spatio-temporal queries over spatio temporal data streams. Experimental evaluation shows the scalability and efficacy of GEDS in spatio-temporal data streaming environments and demonstrates that, despite the costs associated with memory transfers, the parallel processing power provided by GEDS clearly counters and outweighs any associated costs. To move beyond the analysis of specific algorithms over the GEDS framework, the authors developed an abstract performance model, detailing the relationship of the CPU and the GPU. From this model, they are able to extrapolate a list of attributes common to successful GPU-based applications, thereby providing insight into which algorithms and applications are best suited for the GPU and also providing an estimated theoretical speedup for said GPU-based applications.
The Madison County, Virginia, Flash Flood of 27 June 1995

Abstract Between 25 and 27 June 1995, excessive rainfall and associated flash flooding across portions of western Virginia resulted in three fatalities and millions of dollars in damage. Although many convective storms occurred over this region during this period, two particular mesoscale convective systems that occurred on 27 June were primarily responsible for the severe event. The first system (the Piedmont storm) developed over Madison County, Virginia (eastern slopes of the Blue Ridge Mountains), and propagated slowly southward producing 100–300 mm of rain over a narrow swath of the Virginia foothills and Piedmont. The second system (the Madison storm) developed over the same area but remained quasi-stationary along the eastern slopes of the Blue Ridge for nearly 8 h producing more than 600 mm of rain. Analysis of this event indicates that the synoptic conditions responsible for initiating and maintaining the Madison storm were very similar to the Big Thompson and Fort Collins floods along the Front ...
Distinguishing between parallel and serial accounts of multiple object tracking

Humans can track multiple moving objects. Is this accomplished by attending to all the objects at the same time or do we attend to each object in turn? We addressed this question using a novel application of the classic simultaneous-sequential paradigm. We considered a display in which objects moved for only part of the time. In one condition, the objects moved sequentially, whereas in the other condition they all moved and paused simultaneously. A parallel model would predict that the targets are tracked independently, so the tracking of one target should not be influenced by the movement of another target. Thus, one would expect equal performance in the two conditions. Conversely, a simple serial account of object tracking would predict that an observer's accuracy should be greater in the sequential condition because in that condition, at any one time, fewer targets are moving and thus need to be attended. In fact, in our experiments we observed performance in the simultaneous condition to be equal to or greater than the performance in the sequential condition. This occurred regardless of the number of targets or how the targets were positioned in the visual field. These results are more directly in line with a parallel account of multiple object tracking.
Lead exposure and dorsomedial striatum mediation of fixed interval schedule-controlled behavior.

Prior studies demonstrate a critical role for mesolimbic dopamine systems, particularly nucleus accumbens, in the mediation of fixed interval (FI) schedule-controlled behavior and an enhancement of nucleus accumbens dopamine activity as a mechanism of chronic postweaning lead (Pb)-induced increases in FI response rates. Since dorsomedial striatum, like nucleus accumbens, receives limbic input, it could also conceivably contribute to Pb-related effects on FI performance. Therefore, changes in FI schedule-controlled behavior were examined following administration of dopamine or the non-specific irreversible dopamine antagonist N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) into dorsomedial striatum of rats exposed from weaning to 0, 50 or 500 ppm Pb acetate drinking solutions. The 500 ppm exposure increased baseline FI response rates relative to both 0 and 50 ppm. Intra-dorsomedial striatum EEDQ and dopamine had no effects when examined across all animals. However, both compounds produced rate-dependent effects, i.e. increases or decreases in rate in different subjects, depending upon baseline FI overall rates. The rate-increasing effects of intra-dorsomedial striatum dopamine actually mimicked Pb effects, increasing FI overall and run rates and shortening postreinforcement pause times. Further, Pb exposure modulated effects of dopamine and EEDQ in dorsomedial striatum. While these collective findings conceivably suggest dorsomedial striatum as another potential site through which postweaning Pb exposure influences FI performance, this possibility is not supported by other studies that show that chronic postweaning Pb alters dopamine binding sites and evoked dopamine release in nucleus accumbens but not in dorsomedial striatum even over a year exposure period. Thus, while both regions may play a role in mediating FI performance under normal conditions, it appears that alterations in nucleus accumbens dopamine activity may be sufficient to induce chronic postweaning Pb-induced increases in FI response rates.
Conflict of interest in American neurology and neurological societies

As physicians, we are expected to adhere to the highest ethical standards when treating our patients, educating the medical community and society as a whole, and investigating new medical evidence. When we receive anything from, speak for and study in collaboration with the pharmaceutical and device industry, an opportunity for conflicts of interest (COI) develops. As a society, we have witnessed that COI can have highly negative and damaging effects; for example, COI related to leaded gasoline and tobacco use. Egregious COI in several cutting-edge medical research endeavors have resulted in lethal outcomes, and most unfortunately, examples of similar flagrant COI continue to come to light. In the business of medical care and in research today, with many physicians being closely associated with for-profit medical companies, the possibility of COI is always present. As an academic neurologist practicing in the USA, I review here the historical background, definition and nature of COI, which is both tangible and intangible. At present, public disclosure is the best practice to reduce COI by a process of checks and balances. The present review provides details of the COI process of the American Academy of Neurology, the largest professional neurological organization in the world. In addition, I discuss my own personal experience with COI. COI will never be resolved or disappear in the foreseen future, and indeed will become even more complicated. I hope this review will illuminate COI, and help neurologists to address COI by openly disclosing their relationships with industry and avoiding potential harm.
The temperature of formation of carbonate in Martian meteorite ALH84001: constraints from cation diffusion

We have measured the rates of chemical diffusion of Mg in calcite and Ca in magnesite and used these new data to constrain the formation temperature and thermal history of carbonates in the Martian meteorite ALH84001. Our data have been collected at lower temperatures than in previous studies and provide improved constraints on carbonate formation during relatively low-temperature processes (#400°C). Mea- sured log D0 values for chemical diffusion of Mg in calcite and Ca in magnesite are 216.0 6 1.1 and 27.8 6 4.3 m 2 /s and the activation energies (EA) are 76 6 16 and 214 6 60 kJ/mol, respectively. Measured diffusion rates of Mg in calcite at temperatures between 400 and 550°C are substantially faster than expected from extrapolation of existing higher-temperature data, suggesting that different mechanisms may govern diffusion of Mg at temperatures above and below ;550°C. We have used these data to constrain thermal histories which will allow the ;1 mm variations in Ca-Mg composition in ALH84001 carbonates to survive homogenization by diffusion. Our results are generally consistent with models for formation of carbonates in ALH84001 at low temperatures. For initial cooling rates of between ;10 21 and 10 3 °/Ma our results demonstrate that carbonates formed at temperatures no higher than 400°C and most probably less than 200°C. This range of cooling rates is similar to those observed within the terrestrial crust, and suggests that formation of the carbonates by igneous, metamorphic or hydrothermal (or other) processes in the Martian crust most plausibly occurred at temperatures below 200 to 400°C. Models that suggest ALH84001 carbonates formed during a Martian impact event are also constrained by our data. The thermal histories of terrestrial impact structures suggest that cooling rates sufficiently rapid to allow preser- vation of the observed carbonate zoning at formation temperatures in excess of 600°C (.;10 7 °C/Ma) occur only within the uppermost, melt-rich portions of an impact structure. Material deeper within the impact structure (where cooling is dominated by uplifted crustal material and where much of the formation of hydrothermal minerals is concentrated) cools much slower, typically at rates of ;10 2 to 10 3 °/Ma. Carbonates formed within this region would also only preserve ;1 mm compositional zoning at formation temperatures of less than ;200 to 400°C. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd
Limitations of the assumption of negligible film thickness in capillary chromatography

The validity of Golay's assumption of a thin film in his theoretical development of capillary chromatography is evaluated by comparing it to Ari's theory which takes into account film curvature. The two solutions are compared using previously published capillary gas chromatography data. The results show that deviations between the theories are insignificant at conventional aspect ratios of 3 %, but can be important at 10 %.
Aggravation of clinical manifestations of folic acid deficiency by small daily doses of vitamin B12.

Abstract Two patients are reported, one with addisonian pernicious anemia and one with nutritional megaloblastic anemia, in both of whom severe painful glossitis and cheilosis developed during the administration of small daily doses of vitamin B 12 . In both patients the lesions were promptly reversed to normal upon the administration of folic acid. It is suggested that the clinical and hematologic observations made in these patients provide additional evidence for the reciprocal relation between vitamin B 12 and folic acid acting upon a metabolic chain that results in the production of nucleic acids throughout various tissues of the body but especially in the hematopoietic tissues. In the cases described, administration of small doses of vitamin B 12 precipitated and aggravated the manifestations of folic acid deficiency.
Reply to ``Comment on 'The evidence for a pentaquark signal and kinematic reflections'''

The quantitative aspects of the model used, together with kinematic reflections to explain the K{sup +}n spectrum in K{sup +}K{sup -} photoproduction on deuterium, were recently criticized. Here we respond to these criticisms.
High latitudes and high genetic diversity: phylogeography of a widespread boreal bird, the gray jay (Perisoreus canadensis).

We describe range-wide phylogeographic variation in gray jays (Perisoreus canadensis), a boreal Nearctic corvid that occurs today primarily in recently glaciated regions. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA (1041 base pairs ND2 gene; N = 205, 50 localities) revealed four reciprocally monophyletic groups. One widespread clade occurs across the North American boreal zone, from Newfoundland to Alaska and southwest into Utah. Three other clades occur at lower latitudes in the montane West in Colorado, the northern Rocky Mountains, and the Pacific Northwest respectively. The geographic distribution of clades in gray jays corresponds with a general pattern that is emerging for boreal taxa, having one widespread northern clade and one or more geographically restricted southwestern clades. Population genetic analyses indicate that the larger boreal clade is genetically structured and harbors significantly more genetic diversity than those clades occurring at lower latitudes. Species distribution modeling (SDM) revealed multiple putative Pleistocene refugia including several occurring at higher latitudes. We suggest that multiple post-glacial colonization routes, some of which originate from these northern refugia, are responsible for the relatively high genetic diversity at high latitudes. Conversely, lower latitude clades show little variation, probably as a result of historical restriction to smaller geographical areas with smaller long-term population sizes. This ‘upside-down’ pattern of genetic diversity contrasts with the conventional view that populations of north-temperate species occupying previously glaciated habitats should possess lower levels of diversity than their southern counterparts.
Selective adsorption of 4He on clean LiF (001) surfaces

Abstract The selective adsorption of 4 He on in-situ cleaved LiF surfaces has been studied under improved resolution. The main results are as follows: (1) There are four bound states in the surface potential well, at energies of −5.8, −2.2, −0.6 and −0.1 meV. The lowest three levels were reported previously. (2) Most of the structure previously designated as “fine structure” is due either to transitions to these four levels via various small reciprocal lattice vectors or to the opening of diffraction channels. (3) The transitions involving the [01] and [01] reciprocal lattice vectors (i.e., the ones nearly perpendicular to the incident wave vector) are strong; as much as 85% of the specular intensity may be removed. Transitions via the other small reciprocal lattice vectors are much weaker. (4) The widths of the lines are consistent with the velocity distribution, which has a half-width of about 2%. (5) The observed energies agree fairly well with those calculated by Tsuchida for a zeta-function potential, but are not consistent with a Morse potential.
N-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazines: a new class of dual serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.

Abstract The synthesis and structure–activity relationships of a novel series of piperazine derivatives as dual inhibitors of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake is described. Two compounds possessed comparable in vitro profiles to the dual reuptake inhibitor duloxetine.
The confounding effects of genetic variables in early experience research, can we ignore them.

The high probability that the genetic makeup of different subject populations within a species will interact with treatment effects in early experience studies suggests that major revisions in both research methodology and interpretations of results are necessary in this area. Generalizations based on data from a single subpopulation of a species can be misleading, especially if they are based on a limited number of behavioral measures.
Phytoplankton production in the Delaware Estuary: temporal and spatial variability

Phytoplankton production in the Delaware Estuary (USA) was measured over several seasonal cycles (1980-1985). Seasonal variability in daily area1 production (JP; g C m-2 dl ) was dlrectly related to chlorophyll concentrations in the upper estuary, ranging from a maximum of 1.1 g C m-' d ' In summer to a minlmum of d-l) dunng summer in the presence of low phytoplankton biomass (2 to 10 kg Chl I ' ) , and in mid-estuary [2.6 g C d-l) during the spring diatom bloom (50 to 60 yg Chll-l). Desplte the occurrence of maximum nutnent concentrations in the freshwater region, highest JP and 90 % of the annual production occurred in the lower estuary, down-stream from the turbidity maximum. The presence of the turbidity maximum immediately downstream from major anthropogenic nutrient sources restricts phytoplankton growth, and limits biomass accumulation below nuisance levels. Annual production for the 1981-1985 period averaged 307 g C and displayed marked inter-annual variability. Llght availability is the predominant regulator of production in the estuary. Although growth was light-limited, neither chlorophyll specific produchon nor the light intensity at which photosynthesis saturates was related to the mean light intensity in the mixed surface-layer. These results suggest that photoadaptive response times are slower than the vertical mlxing rate and that photoadaptation is of mlnor significance to overall production in the system.
Compact sensor for measuring nonlinear rotational dynamics of driven magnetic microspheres with biomedical applications

The nonlinear rotation response of a magnetic particle occurs when a driving magnetic field, used to rotate the magnetic particle, exceeds a critical frequency. This type of nonlinear rotational dynamic depends on several physical parameters, such as the rotational drag that the particle experiences. Shifts in this nonlinear rotational frequency offer a dynamic approach for the detection of bacteria, measurement of their growth, their response to chemical agents, and other biomedical applications. Therefore, we have developed a stand-alone prototype device that utilizes an elegant combination of a laser diode and photodiode to monitor particle rotation.
NO x and VOC Control and Its Effects on the Formation of Aerosols

This research analyzes the qualitative and quantitative behavior of aerosol dynamics resulting from the control of nitrogen oxide (NO x ) and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions by calculating detailed pollutant isopleths. Several emission scenarios are evaluated using various norms to study the nonlinear impact of control strategies. The modeling episode studied is the Southern California Air Quality Study on August 27, 28, and 29, 1987. The modeling domain is the South Coast Air Basin of California. Research suggests that the reduction of NO x and VOC emissions traditionally implemented to control ozone also controls particulate matter, but to a limited extent. Furthermore, the effects of reducing NH 3 are more effective in PM control than reducing both NO x and VOC. Simulations indicate that the combined control of NH 3 , NO x , and VOC emissions is most effective to reduce particulate matter and ozone in the South Coast Air Basin of California.
Comparison of the 585 nm Pulse Dye Laser and the Short Pulsed CO2 Laser in the Treatment of Striae Distensae in Skin Types IV and VI

Background.Striae distensae, or stretch marks, are a very common cosmetic problem. The successful management of stretch marks has long been a source of frustration and curiosity for both the clinician and the researcher. Recent studies suggest lasers may have a role in their management. As yet, no s
Local and Global Competition in Information Technology

We examine the implications of changing competitive dynamics in global information and communications technology (ICT) markets for government demandsteering policies whose goal is local rents. Both computing and telephony are undergoing changes in global industry structure and changes in the nature of competition. The convergence of computing and telephony and the rapid technological change (and accompanying technological uncertainty) driving this convergence reinforce trends toward vertical competition. The emergence of global ICT markets lowers entry barriers, likely encouraging government-supported local entrants into global ICT markets. There are, however, strongly offsetting disadvantages. The underlying economics of ICT markets under vertical competition will work to reinforce the dominant position of U.S.based incumbents in many segments. The prospects for exports, command of rent-related standards, and large rents from exports are not very bright. We expect to see far more demand-steering attempts than successes.
A Novel Cell-Based Heuristic Method for Leakage Reduction in Multi-Million Gate VLSI Designs

This paper presents a heuristic cell-based approach to reduce leakage power in multi-million gate design ASICs in 90 nm/65 nm processes by swapping low-Vt cells with high-Vt cells on less critical timing paths in the design. It uses heuristics to avoid frequent time-consuming full-design timing updates and has significant run-time improvement over currently available approaches. Unlike traditional approaches, proposed generic approach fits well in the design flow and works on any kind of design having mixture of all type of Vt cells available in the library. The proposed algorithm gives active leakage reduction of up to 64% with run time of 3-15 hours for multi-million gate designs.
P‐Values for Two‐Sided Tests

The problem of defining P-values for two-sided tests is considered when the null density f0 of the associated test statistic is strictly unimodal. It is argued that the usual practice of defining P-values for two-sided tests as twice the one-tail P-value is only justifable when f0 is symmetric. To accomodate testing problems with asymmetric null distributions a more general definition of two-sided P-value is given.
Microphthalmia transcription factor immunohistochemistry: A useful diagnostic marker in the diagnosis and detection of cutaneous melanoma, sentinel lymph node metastases, and extracutaneous melanocytic neoplasms

Abstract Background: Melanoma is the most lethal form of skin cancer. Diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma and detection of micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes pose diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas for the dermatopathologist and clinician. Objective: The purpose of this article is to determine the utility of immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific for microphthalmia in the identification of melanocytic lesions in the skin, eye, central nervous system, and sentinel lymph nodes. Methods: Paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed specimens of cutaneous melanoma, including amelanotic melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma, were stained with antibodies specific for microphthalmia. In addition, paraffin sections of extracutaneous lesions, including sentinel lymph nodes, uveal melanoma, and central nervous system melanocytomas, were stained with the specific microphthalmia antibody. Results: All cutaneous melanomas stained positively with microphthalmia, as did uveal melanomas and central nervous system melanocytomas. These findings confirm the melanocytic origin of melanocytomas and uveal melanomas and demonstrate that microphthalmia staining can be used to establish melanocytic origin of neoplasms. In addition, micrometastases were easily detected in sentinel lymph nodes. Conclusion: Microphthalmia transcription factor immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in the identification of melanocytic lesions in numerous sites. Use of this stain may facilitate detection of micrometastases in sentinel lymph nodes. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:414-9.)
Social–environmental marketing: a new approach, a new name, and a new life for green marketing

This paper emphasizes the origin of green marketing and its foci with respect to environmental issues. It will explain how green marketing is conceptualized and used by business organizations, how it impacts business industry, which practices green marketing and the green consumers, and its pitfalls. In addition, this paper will also examine the concept of "social marketing", looking specifically at its theoretical frame, its similarities and differences to social advertising, and strengths in dealing with environmental problems. Lastly, the rationale for the development of a new approach and a new name for green marketing will be discussed as well.
Use of direct modeling in natural language generation for Chinese and English translation

This paper proposes a new direct-modeling-based approach to improve the maximum entropy based natural language generation (NLG) in the IBM MASTOR system, an interlingua-based speech translation system. Due to the intrinsic disparity between Chinese and English sentences, the previous method employed only linguistic constituents from output language sentences to train the NLG model. The new algorithm exploits a direct-modeling scheme to admit linguistic constituent information from both source and target languages into the training process seamlessly when incorporating a concept padding scheme. When concept sequences from the top level of semantic parse trees are considered, the concept error rate (CER) is significantly reduced to 14.3%, compared to 23.9% in the baseline NLG. Similarly, when concept sequences from all levels of semantic parse trees are tested, the direct-modeling scheme yields a CER of 10.8% compared to 17.8% in the baseline. A sensible improvement on the overall translation is made when the direct-modeling scheme improves the BLEU score from 0.252 to 0.294.
A case report of adult lead toxicity following use of Ayurvedic herbal medication

Introduction Ayurvedic medications consist of herbs that may be intentionally combined with metals, such as lead, mercury, iron, and zinc. Ayurvedic practitioners and their patients believe that the toxic properties of the metals are reduced or eliminated during preparation and processing.
Developing a Cloud Intelligent and Energy-Saving Information Interface Agent with Web Services

In this paper, a cloud intelligent and energy-saving information interface agent with Web services was presented. The agent can not only explore related technologies to establish Web service platforms, but it can investigate the construction of cloud interactive diagrams using Web service techniques for extensively and seamlessly integrating backend information systems on the Internet. The preliminary system development, display, and corresponding comparisons show that the research results yield positive outcomes.