cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk of criminal justice system involvement among people with co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorder.

Abstract While there are documented risk factors for criminal justice system involvement (CJSI) among persons with severe mental illness, little is known about risk for CJSI among people with co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorders. Using logistic regression, we identified sociodemographic and clinical risk factors that most increase risk of CJSI among people with co-occurring disorders (N = 10,855: National Survey of Drug use and Health, 2006–2014), and examined whether co-occurring disorders increase CJSI risk and risk of violent offenses in relation to severe mental illness alone versus substance use disorder alone. Seventeen percent of people with co-occurring disorders in our study were arrested and booked for breaking the law in the past year. At heightened risk were males, Blacks (relative to Whites), younger people, people with less education, divorced or separated individuals (relative to married), the unemployed, persons in the largest households (6 or more people, relative to one person), people in substance abuse treatment, and persons with certain drug use disorders (e.g., both alcohol and marijuana, relative to alcohol only). At reduced risk were Asians (relative to Whites), people with the highest incomes, and people with marijuana use disorders (relative to alcohol). In relation to people without severe mental illness or substance use disorder, those with co-occurring disorders were 7.47 times as likely (CI = 6.56–8.51, p
The presence of PIM3 increases hepatoblastoma tumorigenesis and tumor initiating cell phenotype and is associated with decreased patient survival.

Abstract Purpose Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver cancer of childhood and has few prognostic indicators. We have previously shown that Proviral Integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM3) kinase decreased hepatoblastoma tumorigenicity. We sought to determine the effect of PIM3 overexpression on hepatoblastoma cells and whether expression of PIM3 correlated with patient/tumor characteristics or survival. Methods The hepatoblastoma cell line, HuH6, and patient-derived xenograft, COA67, were utilized. Viability, proliferation, migration, sphere formation, and tumor growth in mice were assessed in PIM3-overexpressing cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed for PIM3 on patient samples. Correlation between stain score and clinical/pathologic characteristics was assessed. Results PIM3 overexpression rescued the anti-proliferative effect observed with PIM3 knockdown. Sphere formation was increased in PIM3 overexpressing cells. Cells with PIM3 overexpression yielded larger tumors than those with empty vector. Seventy-four percent of samples expressed PIM3. There was no statistical difference in patient characteristics between subjects with strong versus weak PIM3 staining, but patients with strong PIM3 staining had decreased survival. Conclusions PIM3 expression plays a role in hepatoblastoma tumorigenesis. PIM3 was present in the majority of hepatoblastomas and higher PIM3 expression correlated with decreased survival. PIM3 warrants investigation as a therapeutic target and prognostic marker for hepatoblastoma.
Enhanced survival of glioma bearing rats following boron neutron capture therapy with blood-brain barrier disruption and intracarotid injection of boronophenylalanine.

Boronophenylalanine (BPA) has been used for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) of brain tumors in both experimental animals and humans. The purpose of the present study was to determine if the efficacy of BNCT could be enhanced by means of intracarotid (i.c.) injection of BPA with or without blood-brain barrier disruption (BBB-D) and neutron irradiation using a rat brain tumor model. For biodistribution studies, F98 glioma cells were implanted stereotactically into the brains of Fischer rats, and12 days later BBB-D was carried out by i.c. infusion of 25% mannitol (1.373 mOsmol/ml), followed immediately by i.c. administration of 300, 500 or 800 mg of BPA/kg body weight (b.w.). At the 500 mg dose a fourfold increase in tumor boron concentration (94.5 μg/g) was seen at 2.5 hours after BBB-D, compared to 20.8 μg/g in i.v. injected animals. The best composite tumor to normal tissue ratios were observed at 2.5 hours after BBB-D, at which time the tumor: blood (T: Bl) ratio was10.9, and the tumor: brain (T: Br) ratio was 7.5, compared to 3.2 and 5.0 respectively for i.v. injected rats. In contrast, animals that had received i.c. BPA without BBB-D had T: Bl and T: Br ratios of 8.5 and 5.9, respectively, and the tumor boron concentration was 42.7μg/g. For therapy experiments, initiated 14 days after intracerebral implantation of F98 glioma cells, 500 mg/kg b.w. of BPA were administered i.v. or i.c. with or without BBB-D, and the animals were irradiated 2.5 hourslater at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor with a collimated beam of thermal neutrons delivered to the head. The mean survival time for untreated control rats was 24 ± 3 days, 30 ± 2 days for irradiated controls, 37 ± 3 days for those receiving i.v. BPA, 52 ± 15 days for rats receiving i.c. BPA without BBB-D, and 95 ± 95 days for BBB-D followed by i.c. BPA and BNCT. The latter group had a 246% increase in life span (ILS) compared to untreated controls and a 124% ILS compared to that of i.v. injected animals. These survival data are the best ever obtained with the F98 glioma model and suggest that i.c. administration of BPA with or without BBB-D may be useful as a means to increase the efficacy of BNCT.
They Shall Not Grow Old

Although New Zealand film director, screenwriter, and producer Peter Jackson is perhaps best known for the Lord of the Rings and Hobbit trilogies, with the 2018 release of his World War One documen...
Reconceptualising Civil-Military Relations in Africa

Relations between African militaries, civilian authority and the public have undergone significant transformation over the past decades. Much of previous scholarship on civil-military relations ten...
Social Networks and Health

People are interconnected, and so their health is interconnected. In recognition of this social fact, there has been growing conceptual and empirical attention over the past decade to the impact of social networks on health. This article reviews prominent findings from this literature. After drawing a distinction between social network studies and social support studies, we explore current research on dyadic and supradyadic network influences on health, highlighting findings from both egocentric and sociocentric analyses. We then discuss the policy implications of this body of work, as well as future research directions. We conclude that the existence of social networks means that people's health is interdependent and that health and health care can transcend the individual in ways that patients, doctors, policy makers, and researchers should care about.
Optimization of insulation on subsea oil and gas equipment

Optimization of insulation on subsea oil and gas equipment can lead to significant cost and weight reduction. A judicious combination of commercially available Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software with evolutionary optimization algorithms can efficiently serve this purpose. In the present study, the optimization of insulation on a gate valve has been presented with due emphasis on the methodology adapted. A parameterized model of the gate valve with several dimensions of interest has been chosen for the numerical experiment. Of the various Design of Experiment (DOE) techniques, the Optimal Space Filling (OSF) method has been considered for generating the samples owing to its robustness and the associated computational cost. The insulation in subsea systems is usually supposed to satisfy two contradicting constraints, it must be ensured that the temperature of the production fluid remains above the Hydrate Formation Temperature (HFT) and at the same time the production fluid temperature cannot be too high, as to create structural damage of the seals in High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT) applications. The sample cases are run simultaneously in a cluster and a response surface is created using genetic aggregation using the various samples those are generated by OSF. The resulting response surface is finally subjected to optimization using the calculus based/gradient based methods. In the present investigation, the optimization is performed using the NonLinear Programming with Quadratic Lagrangian (NLPQL) and Adaptive Single Objective (ASO) Methods. The results obtained show that almost two thirds of the insulation can be effectively removed without compromising on the thermal efficiency of the system. Similar savings have been witnessed in several other cases/subsea geometries that the authors are aware of. The presented case is truly representative of a wide class of subsea applications and the proposed methodology can be suitably adjusted to customer specific requirements to provide suitable results.
Thinking Beyond Orbital Cellulitis

Introduction Orbital cellulitis accounts for approximately 2,500 pediatric hospitalizations annually. Although suspicion for orbital cellulitis is high with presenting symptoms of proptosis, conjunctival swelling, diplopia, fever, and leukocytosis, a broad differential diagnosis should be considered. Case Description A previously healthy 8-year-old female presented to the emergency department after her teacher noticed one week of progressive right eye swelling. She endorsed photophobia, painful blurry vision, diplopia, as well as recent rhinorrhea, sore throat, and subjective fevers. She denied eye trauma, headache, dizziness, weakness, or rash. Social history was notable for emigration from Guatemala three years prior and lack of health insurance, though …
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Liquid Nitromethane

A potential energy function with harmonic intramolecular and Lennard-Jones plus Coulombic intermolecular terms was tested in molecular dynamics simulations of liquid nitromethane. Parameter values were adjusted iteratively until satisfactory agreement with density functional pair calculations and experimental data was achieved. The properties computed using the NVT and NPT ensembles were the heat of vaporization, dielectric constant, self-diffusion coefficient, density, heat capacity at constant pressure, pair correlation functions, single molecule and collective dipole moment reorientation times, the vibrational spectrum, and the effect of increasing pressure upon the C−N stretching frequency. Overall, the results were in reasonable accord with experimental results, the greatest discrepancy being for the dielectric constant. It was concluded, on the basis of the reorientation times and the calculated molecular surface electrostatic potential, that the intermolecular interactions in liquid nitromethane at...
Changing Drivers of Mortality Among Patients Referred for Cardiac Stress Testing.

Abstract Objective To identify temporal shifts in coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor profiles, clinical parameters, and corresponding mortality rates among patients referred for radionuclide stress testing over 22 years. Patients and Methods We assessed 39,750 patients with suspected CAD (“diagnostic” patients) and 10,982 patients with known CAD who underwent radionuclide stress testing between January 2, 1991, and December 31, 2012, and were followed up for at least 5 years (median, 12.7 years). Results Among both diagnostic patients and those with known CAD, there was a marked temporal decline in typical angina and myocardial ischemia. However, several risk factors for disease progressively increased, including diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. In addition, the need to perform pharmacological testing in lieu of exercise increased markedly between the first and fourth epochs among both diagnostic patients (from 26.5% [1634 of 6176] to 53.0% [5781 of 10,908]; P Conclusion Our findings suggest a marked contemporary shift in the drivers of all-cause mortality among patients undergoing cardiac stress tests away from such factors as typical angina and inducible myocardial ischemia, which are declining in prevalence, and toward such factors as diabetes and an inability to perform exercise, which are increasing in prevalence.
Length of Intercollegiate Athletic Schedules

(1908). Length of Intercollegiate Athletic Schedules. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 105-112.
Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity

The organ-selective pattern by which tumor cells establish metastatic foci has long been recognized, but it is only within the last decade that serious attention has been given to the possible role played by vascular endothelial cells in this selective process.1–5 In large part this has been due to the fact that the heterogeneity of endothelial cells, especially of microvascular endothelial cells, was not appreciated.6 This lack of recognition was the result of several factors: (1) the inability to grow microvascular endothelial cells in vitro; (2) the central importance of large vessel endothelial cells in well-studied disease states such as atherosclerosis; and (3) the absence of a theoretical framework to justify the concept that microvascular endothelial cells from different organs are not basically similar to each other. But over the last 10 years or so we have learned how to isolate and grow endothelial cells in vitro, we have gained at least some rudimentary understanding of the basic developmental processes underlying microvascular endothelial cell differentiation, and we have begun to recognize the importance of the microvascular endothelium in disease processes ranging from microangiopathies to tumor cell metastasis.7–9
Discrete State Estimators for a Class of Hybrid Systems on a Lattice

In this paper we consider the problem of estimating discrete variables in a class of hybrid systems where we assume that the continuous variables are available for measurement. Using lattice and order theory we develop a frame-work for constructing a discrete state estimator on an enlarged space of variables with lattice structure, which updates only two variables at each step. We apply our ideas to a multi-robot system example, the RoboFlag Drill.
The Significance of Names in Ghanaian Drama

The significance attached to names and naming in Ghanaian society is remarkable; it is strikingly different from what obtains in Euro-American cultures. Names of peoples, objects, spirits, and God tend to emanate from the interplay of religious, mythical, social, and historical realities (Abraham, 1962). Individuals are named on the basis of the culture's expectations and identification of the personality so named with particular clan or genealogical groups beliefs, birth order and circumstance, status, and attributes (Quartey-Papafio, 1913). For example, the Akan call a male child born on Saturday Kwame. A child doomed to cyclical birth and death is named Bejina (come and stay) and one whose paternity is not acknowledged or who is born to aging parents is called Nyame Kye (God's gift). Asante military tactics and Ga striking power are celebrated in the appellations Asante Kotoko (Asante the Porcupines) and Gagaa (Ga the Soldier Ants), respectively. This system of nomenclature seems to be the basic one subscribed to by many other African peoples including the Yoruba, Ewe, Igbo, Hausa, and African-Americans. Though the elaborate and formalized naming pattern may have been lost among the latter the African presence is maintained through the AfricanAmerican's widespread use of epithets, bynames, and nicknames (Asante, 1987, p. 73). Naming has colored the writing and artistic works of Africans, from earlier generations to contemporary times. What is lacking, though, is a systematic study of the nature and qualities of such nominal colorations as they arise from the various parts of the African world. The present article is a modest contribution in this
The psychopharmacology of sex, part 2: effects of drugs and disease on the 3 phases of human sexual response.

Issue: Many drugs can uniquely affect the phases of human sexual response, both positively and negatively, according to their neuropharmacologic mechanisms of action. Various diseases and disorders can also impact the different phases of the human sexual response, according to their pathophysiologies. Understanding these issues will assist clinicians in determining whether sexual dysfunction is due to a disease or to a drug, which will allow rational management of sexual disorders by targeting the specific dysfunctional phase of the sexual response with a drug that has an appropriate and compensatory neuropharmacologic mechanism of action.
Correction of antenna phase center offsets in outdoor range measurements

Radiation pattern measurements of antennas mounted on vehicles present difficulties in centering the AUT with respect to the axes of rotation of the measurement system. Gain corrections dependent on the measurement system geometry have been implemented to correct the variation in the measurements introduced by the AUT offset. An outdoor antenna range is described, measurement repeatability is established, expressions for the corrections are given, and examples of corrected measurement results are presented.
The Factorial Composition of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory

The Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI) was evaluated for its factorial composition, internal consistency, and relationship with self-esteem compared with previous studies. Data was from a r...
Selective beat signal averaging and spectral analysis of beat intervals to determine the mechanisms of premature ventricular contractions

Selective beat signal averaging and spectral analysis were implemented to identify whether reentry, triggered activity or parasystole is the mechanism of the isolated premature ventricular contraction (PVC). 2-hour, high resolution ECG recordings were digitally obtained from 9 patients with frequent PVCs (>250/hr). For reentry, in 7/9 patients with a positive average for late potentials (LP) there were no changes of LP in sinus beats before and after PVCs. However, changes in the T/U waves in the difference waveform between the pre-PVC beat and its precedent beat (in 2/9 patients), and their T/U wave amplitudes (in 9/9 patients, mean amplitude difference of 0.0269 mV) implied a triggered activity, mechanism. Also, significant periodicities in PVC interval series and low correlation between sinus and PVC intervals (in 9/9 patients), suggested a parasystolic mechanism. Based on the limited data set, triggered activity and parasystole may be significant PVC mechanisms while reentry may not. >
Throwing out the "grade" book: management of isolated spleen and liver injury based on hemodynamic status

Abstract Purpose Current organizational guidelines for the management of isolated spleen and liver injuries are based on injury grade. We propose that management based on hemodynamic status is safe in children and results in decreased length of stay (LOS) and resource use compared to current grade-based guidelines. Methods Patients with spleen or liver injuries for a 5-year period were identified using our institutional trauma registry. All patients were managed using a pathway based on hemodynamic status. Charts were reviewed for demographics, mechanism, hematrocrit values, transfusion requirement, imaging, injury grade, LOS, and outcome. Exclusion criteria included penetrating mechanism, associated injuries altering LOS or ambulation status, combined spleen/liver injury, initial operative management or death. Statistical comparison was performed using Student's t test; P Results One hundred one patients (50 spleen, 51 liver) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Average actual LOS for all patients was 1.9 days vs 3.2 projected days based on American Pediatric Surgical Association guidelines ( P P Conclusions Isolated blunt spleen and liver injuries, regardless of grade, can be safely managed using a pathway based on hemodynamic status, resulting in decreased LOS and resource use compared to current guidelines.
Intensity-dependent electroabsorption line shape in Cd(S,Se) quantum dots

The electroabsorption spectrum for R = 6.2 nm radius ${\mathrm{CdS}}_{0.44}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{0.56}$ nanoparticles in glass is sensitive to incident light intensity. The electroabsorption line shape of the lowest-energy electronic transition evolves reversibly from a three-lobed structure to a two-lobed structure as the intensity of an additional pump beam is varied from 0 to 100 mW/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The saturation behavior of the effect suggests that one of the photoexcited carriers is trapped in a long-lived defect state. This trapped carrier alters the wave function of the second excitation, resulting in a change in the electroabsorption spectrum. No similar effect is observed in the smaller quantum dots. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Nonlinear broadband photoluminescence of graphene induced by femtosecond laser irradiation

Upon femtosecond laser irradiation, a bright, broadband photoluminescence is observed from graphene at frequencies well above the excitation frequency. Analyses show that it arises from radiative recombination of a broad distribution of nonequilibrium electrons and holes, generated by rapid scattering between photoexcited carriers within tens of femtoseconds after the optical excitation. Its highly unusual characteristics come from the unique electronic and structural properties of graphene.
O FANTÁSTICO E O DIALOGISMO EM ENSAIO SOBRE A CEGUEIRA, DE JOSÉ SARAMAGO

Este ensaio tem como objetivo analisar o genero fantastico em Ensaio sobre a cegueira de Jose Saramago. Este recurso acaba por criar um mundo absurdo, onde todas as pessoas sao cegas, para mostrar a desumanizacao e a alienacao do homem moderno. Alem de definir o fantastico, expandindo-o por meio do estudo do dialogismo, procuramos demonstrar tambem que esse genero tem a funcao de criticar a realidade e o contexto social.
An 'injury-time integral' model for extrapolating from acute to chronic effects of phosgene.

The present study compares acute and subchronic episodic exposures to phosgene to test the applicability of the `concentration×time’ (C×T) product as a measure of exposure dose, and to relate acute...
The Role of Physical Environment on Molecular Electromechanical Switching

The influences of different physical environments on the thermo- dynamics associated with one key step in the switching mechanism for a pair of bistable catenanes and a pair of bi- stable rotaxanes have been investigated systematically. The two bistable cate- nanes are comprised of a cyclobis(para- quat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT 4 + ) ring, or its diazapyrenium-containing analogue, that are interlocked with a macrocyclic polyether component that incorporates the strong tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) donor unit and the weaker 1,5-dioxy- naphthalene (DNP) donor unit. The two bistable rotaxanes are comprised of a CBPQT 4 + ring, interlocked with a dumbbell component in which one in- corporates TTF and DNP units, where- as the other incorporates a monopyr- rolotetrathiafulvalene (MPTTF) donor and a DNP unit. Two consecutive cycles of a variable scan rate cyclic vol- tammogram (10-1500 mV s � 1 ) per- formed on all of the bistable switches (~ 1m m) in MeCN electrolyte solutions (0.1 m tetrabutylammonium hexafluoro- phosphate) across a range of tempera- tures (258-303 K) were recorded in a temperature-controlled electrochemical cell. The second cycle showed different intensities of the two features that were observed in the first cycle when the cyclic voltammetry was recorded at fast scan rates and low temperatures. The first oxidation peak increases in in- tensity, concomitant with a decrease in the intensity of the second oxidation peak. This variation changed systemati- cally with scan rate and temperature and has been assigned to the molecular mechanical movements within the cate- nanes and rotaxanes of the CBPQT 4 + ring from the DNP to the TTF unit. The intensities of each peak were as- signed to the populations of each co- conformation, and the scan-rate varia- tion of each population was analyzed to obtain kinetic and thermodynamic data for the movement of the CBPQT 4 + ring. The Gibbs free energy of activation at 298 K for the thermally activated movement was calculated to be 16.2 kcal mol � 1 for the rotaxane, and 16.7 and 19.2 kcal mol � 1 for the bipyri- dinium- and diazapyrenium-based bi- stable catenanes, respectively. These values differ from those obtained for the shuttling and circumrotational mo- tions of degenerate rotaxanes and cate- nanes, respectively, indicating that the detailed chemical structure influences the rates of movement. In all cases, when the same bistable compounds were characterized in an electrolyte gel, the molecular mechanical motion slowed down significantly, concomitant with an increase in the activation barri- ers by more than 2 kcal mol � 1 . Irrespec- tive of the environment—solution, self- assembled monolayer or solid-state polymer gel—and of the molecular structure—rotaxane or catenane—a single and generic switching mecha- nism is observed for all bistable mole- cules.
Strategy ranges: describing change in prospective elementary teachers’ approaches to mental computation of sums and differences

This study investigated the sets of mental computation strategies used by prospective elementary teachers to compute sums and differences of whole numbers. In the context of an intervention designed to improve the number sense of prospective elementary teachers, participants were interviewed pre/post, and their mental computation strategies were analyzed. The analysis led to the identification of the strategy ranges used by the participants, as well as descriptions of changes pre/post in those strategy ranges. This article illustrates how strategy ranges, as an analytic tool, afford useful descriptions of the repertoires of mental computation strategies that individuals use.
Volatile components of baked potatoes

The vacuum steam volatile components of whole baked potatoes have been analysed by the direct combination of capillary gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Forty-two compounds, mostly pyrazines and aliphatic aldehydes were characterised with some certainty. Some information was obtained about the identities of an additional 12. In the authors' opinion the components most important to baked potato aroma include 2-ethyl-3,6-dimethylpyrazine, 3-methyl-mercaptopropanal (methional), deca-trans,trans-2,4-dienal and possibly 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine. Qualitatively the pattern of components characterised is very similar to that found in potato chips (the English potato crisp). Comparison of the volatile oils obtained from the baked potato skins and the potato insides showed a considerably greater ratio of pyrazines to aldehydes in the skins indicating that the pyrazines are probably formed largely in the skins.
Strain analysis of deformed granitic rocks (Helikian), Muskoka District, Ontario

Abstract Three-dimensional analysis of irrotational, longitudinal, finite strain was carried out on samples from a crescentic sheet which intruded and was deformed with a host gneiss unit of probable Helikian age. Analytical methods were compared using deformed feldspar grains representing four ideal degrees of strain intensity observed in the porphyritic sheet. The polar plot and Rf/φ, Rs methods proved most reliable and sensitive. Data derived from fabric and strain analysis at 38 sites in the units suggest a two-stage deformational sequence. The first stage produced recumbent, isoclinal, similar (class 2) folds with northwest-trending hinge surface traces. This fold form was modified during the second stage to produce an overall type 2 fold interference pattern. The second stage produced upright, open buckle folds as well as the resultant strain fabric currently observed. Strain analysis confirms the general fold geometries of the model, and also documents competency contrasts between the matrix and feldspar grains with increased strain intensity and magnitude. Deformation of feldspar grains in the sheet involved modification of a fabric of low strain magnitude (ϵs = 0.3) and a k value near unity to magnitudes of ϵs = 2.6 and k = 0.6. Matrix strain intensities and magnitudes are consistently higher than those of the feldspar markers in the sheet. This variation is related to competency differences between the matrix and the feldspar grains. Fabric anisotropy accounts for the strain gradient observed between the sheet and gneiss.
Infrared Cyclotron Resonance in Semiconducting Surface Inversion Layers

The frequency-dependent conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ of a two-dimensional interacting electron gas in the presence of a random array of scattering centers and a dc magnetic field is studied. Electron-electron interaction effects enter $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ through the holomorphic memory function $M(\ensuremath{\omega})$ whose imaginary part is the inverse of the frequency-dependent relaxation time $\ensuremath{\tau}(\ensuremath{\omega})$. A qualitative explanation of some of the perplexing results observed in infrared cyclotron resonance, including how electron-electron interactions affect both the fundamental and harmonics, is given.
Inoculation of protoplasts with viruses by electroporation

Abstract Optimal conditions for electroporation have been determined using inoculation of brome mosaic virus (BMV) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) and its RNA into protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum and N. plumbaginifolia . The most satisfactory medium was 0.5-0.7 M mannitol; calcium ions were toxic and other electrolytes were not helpful during electroporation. Brief pulses (ca. 10 μsec) were less destructive to the protoplasts than longer ones ( ca. 10 msec) and gave high percentage infections with CCMV RNA. RNA entered the protoplasts only if present during the voltage pulse. Optimal voltage depended on the sample size, interelectrode distance, and pulse duration. A 50-nF capacitor discharging a 5- to 10-μsec pulse through a 1-ml sample in 0.7 M mannitol with a 4-mm interelectrode distance gave maximum infection with minimal protoplast damage at 2.5 kV/cm. A single pulse was sufficient; multiple pulses slightly increased infection. Electroporation of viral RNA was at least as effective as inoculation in the presence of polyethylene glycol. Positively charged BMV also infected readily but negatively charged CCMV only poorly.
An update on the role of phospholipid metabolism in the action of steroidogenic agents.

Abstract Most steroidogenic agents which bind to cell surface receptors activate adenylate cyclase and/or phospholipase C. Activation of either signaling system may also be associated with rapid increases in de novo phosopholipid synthesis, hut it is at present uncertain whether this is a secondary or parallel event. Activation of phospholipase C leads to hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4',5'-PO 4 (PIP 2 ) and generation of two second messengers, inositol-triphosphate and diacylglycerol (DAG), which mobilize Ca 2+ and activate protein kinase C, respectively. Increases in de novo phospholipid synthesis lead to rapid increases in phosphatidic acid, DAG and C-kinase activity. The PIP 2 -phospholipase C system appears to initiate the steroidogenic response to certain agents, such as angiotensin-II, and this may be amplified by concomitant increases in phospholipid synthesis. With other agonists, the role of phospholipase C activation and de novo phospholipid (and DAG) synthesis is less certain. In some tissues, activation of protein kinase C by exogeneously added DAG analogues provokes an increase in steroidogenesis. However, this is not observed in other tissues, and it is uncertain whether this rules out involvement of the C-kinase system for steroidogenesis in these tissues, or whether endogenously produced DAG is a more effective activator of the relevant C-kinase system then exogenously added DAG analogues. The role of other potential intracellular signaling substances that may be derived from phospholipase C activation and de novo phospholipid synthesis is also at present uncertain, as are the interrelationships between these two phospholipid responses, cyclic nucleotides, and other steroidogenic factors.
Characterization of Celastrol to Inhibit Hsp90 and Cdc37 Interaction

The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is required for the stabilization and conformational maturation of various oncogenic proteins in cancer. The loading of protein kinases to Hsp90 is actively mediated by the cochaperone Cdc37. The crucial role of the Hsp90-Cdc37 complex has made it an exciting target for cancer treatment. In this study, we characterize Hsp90 and Cdc37 interaction and drug disruption using a reconstituted protein system. The GST pull-down assay and ELISA assay show that Cdc37 binds to ADP-bound/nucleotide-free Hsp90 but not ATP-bound Hsp90. Celastrol disrupts Hsp90-Cdc37 complex formation, whereas the classical Hsp90 inhibitors (e.g. geldanamycin) have no effect. Celastrol inhibits Hsp90 ATPase activity without blocking ATP binding. Proteolytic fingerprinting indicates celastrol binds to Hsp90 C-terminal domain to protect it from trypsin digestion. These data suggest that celastrol may represent a new class of Hsp90 inhibitor by modifying Hsp90 C terminus to allosterically regulate its chaperone activity and disrupt Hsp90-Cdc37 complex.
Operative treatment in stage I endometrial carcinoma with deep myometrial invasion and/or grade 3 tumor surgically limited to the corpus uteri. No recurrence with only primary surgery

A prospective study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of primary surgical treatment without postoperative irradiation for patients with Stage I endometrial carcinoma possessing poor prognostic factors of deep myometrial invasion and/or histologic Grade 3 tumor, in whom no evidence of cancer spread was detected outside the corpus uteri at the time of staging laparotomy. All 18 patients who had only surgical treatment and cancer limited to the corpus uteri showed no evidence of disease in follow-up of 5 to 13 years. Only 26.7% (four of 15) patients with cancer spread beyond the corpus were disease-free. From these preliminary results, it is concluded that in patients with Stage I endometrial cancer who had no extracorporal spread upon adequate surgical staging, even with poor prognostic factors of deep myometrial invasion and/or Grade 3 tumor, postoperative radiation might not be necessary.
Treatment and follow-up of obesity in adolescent girls

Abstract An intervention program was conducted for 12 postmenarche, 12–15-year-old obese girls. Weight Winners, a multicomponent and multidisciplinary after-school intervention program, was developed in which behavior modification, aerobic exercise, and modeling appropriate behaviors for weight control were emphasized. Evaluation made before and immediately after the intervention and at a nine-month follow-up suggested that the after-school treatment program was successful in: 1) reducing the rate of gain and decreasing body weight by 11% while maintaining lean tissue and resting energy expenditure (REE), and 2) improving eating and exercise behaviors. Significant changes in eating behaviors ( p p p p
Study on Simulation Analysis of XXX Machine Cutting Chatter

According to regenerative chatter theory, this paper abstracts the machining process of XXX machine as a mathematical model firstly. The main process is end milling, so this paper abstracts the machine as an end-milling mathematical model, a delay motion equation with 2-DOF. All parameters of this equation can be acquired by modal analysis. Then SIMULINK model is created based on the mathematical model. According to the response characteristics of simulation analysis system, the method of determining threshold of steady area is acquired.
Women’s Leadership Development: A Study of Defining Moments

This article reports the findings of a grounded theory study of “defining moments” that were described as pivotal in the personal and professional journeys of women who had been identified as emerging leaders within Christian higher education. Analysis of transcripts from interviews with 16 participants in a Women's Leadership Development Institute revealed three patterns of response as these women identified what they perceived to be their “most defining moment:” (a) someone speaking potential, sometimes as succinctly as a single sentence, into their lives, leading to a reframing of self-perception; (b) encountering a person or situation that resulted in reframing the participant's understanding of leadership in ways that allowed these women to begin perceiving themselves as leaders; and (c) experiencing a situation that led to feeling compelled to stand up for a conviction or strong belief. Relevant literature related to leadership development, the impact of gender on leadership, Christian higher educat...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity during ripening of hamlin oranges

Abstract Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PD) was examined as a possible regulatory enzyme in the decline in aerobic respiration and increase in anaerobic metabolism in the ripening Hamlin orange. Oranges were harvested weekly over the growing season from October to February. Juice vesicles were excised and analysed for PD and the cofactors, NADH, NAD, ATP and ADP as well as for reduced and oxidized ubiquinone. PD levels increased slightly from October through February. The cofactor ratio of ATP/ADP increased slightly during that period, NADH/NAD increased more than 2-fold and ubiquinone became more reduced. Data suggest that PD could function as a regulatory enzyme in pyruvate metabolism and that either substrate levels of NAD dehydrogenases increased beyond the capacity of the respiratory pathway to adjust to a higher flux, or the oxidative function of the pathway declined over the season.
Molecular simulation of adsorption and diffusion in pillared clays

Abstract Using grand-canonical-ensemble Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, adsorption equilibria and diffusion of finite-size molecules in model pillared clays are studied. Our simulations show that, at moderate and high porosities, clustering of the pillars and their spatial distribution do not have a significant effect on the adsorption isotherms. However, the dependence of the adsorption isotherms on the porosity is different at low and high pressures. At low pressures, the equilibrium loading increases as the porosity decreases, whereas at high pressures it increases with increasing porosity. The difference is due to the competition between the adsorption surface and the accessible volume of the system, which are the two most important factors that control the adsorption behavior of the system. At low enough temperatures and at any porosity, a first-order phase transition (condensation) occurs. The self-diffusivity D is found to be a monotonically increasing function of the temperature. Unlike adsorption isotherms, however, clustering of the pillars does have a strong effect on the diffusivity of the molecules. Moreover, over the entire loading range studied, D increases monotonically as the porosity increases.
Interior radiances in optically deep absorbing media—I Exact solutions for one-dimensional model

The exact solutions are obtained for a one dimensional model of a scattering and absorbing medium. The results are given for both the reflected and transmitted radiance for any arbitrary surface albedo as well as for the interior radiance. These same quantities are calculated by the matrix operator method. The relative error of the solutions is obtained by comparison with the exact solutions as well as by an error analysis of the equations. The importance of an accurate starting value for the reflection and transmission operators is shown. A fourth order Runge-Kutta method can be used to solve the differential equations satisfied by these operators in order to obtain such accurate starting values.
Quantiles, Conditional Quantiles, Confidence Quantiles for p, Logodds(p)

This article discusses (1) our research to provide a framework for almost all of statistical methods for simple data, (2) need to plan the future of the “Science of Statistics” in order to compete for leadership in the practice of the “Statistics of Science”, (3) grand unifying ideas of the Science of Statistics, (4) an elegant rigorous proof when quantile function minimizes check loss function which is the basis of quantile regression, and (5) exact and approximate confidence quantiles (confidence interval endpoint functions) for parameters p and logodds(p) given a sample of a 0-1 variable.
Extreme-Scale Viability of Collective Communication for Resilient Task Scheduling and Work Stealing

Extreme-scale computing will bring significant changes to high performance computing system architectures. In particular, the increased number of system components is creating a need for software to demonstrate "pervasive parallelism" and resiliency. Asynchronous, many-task programming models show promise in addressing both the scalability and resiliency challenges, however, they introduce an enormously challenging distributed, resilient consistency problem. In this work, we explore the viability of resilient collective communication in task scheduling and work stealing and, through simulation with SST/macro, the performance of these collectives on speculative extreme-scale architectures.
TU‐C‐ValA‐06: Quantifying the Properties and Accuracy of a Deformable Image Registration Algorithm for 4D Treatment Planning

Purpose: A necessary tool to facilitate automated four‐dimensional and adaptive radiotherapy planning is deformable image registration (DIR). The purpose of the current study was to quantify the accuracy of a DIR algorithm by comparing automatically transferred and manually segmented structures on 4DCT images.Method and Materials: 780 structures were manually segmented on thirteen patient 4DCT image sets each consisting of 10 respiratory phases. A large deformable diffeomorphic DIR algorithm, integrated with a commercial treatment planning system, was used to map each CT set from the inspiration respiratory phase CTimage set respiratory phase images. The calculated displacement vector fields were used to deform and transfer structures defined on the inspiration CT to the other respiratory phase CTimage sets. The manually and automatically segmented structures were compared using volumetric, displacement, and surface congruence metrics. Results: Deformation with respiration was observed for the lung tumor and normal tissues. This deformation was verified by examining the mapping of high contrast objects, such as the lungs and cord, between image sets. The auto‐ and manual methods showed similar trends, with a smaller difference observed between the GTVs than other structures. The auto‐contoured structures were more consistent both in terms of centroid displacement and volume as a function of respiratory phase than manual contours. 1.6% of the time, deficiencies of manual contouring has been detected using auto contouring. Image artifacts play a crucial role in auto contouring. Conclusion: An automated system is established to auto‐contour structures starting from one 4DCT image phase to other 4DCT image phases. The auto‐contoured structures generally agree with the manually drawn structures. However the auto‐contoured structures are more consistent in trajectory and volume, and also highlighted some large errors in the manually drawn contours. Careful assessment is needed in the presence of 4DCT artifacts.
Educational Outcomes of Children Adopted from Eastern Europe, Now Ages 8-12.

Abstract More than 230,000 children have been adopted from other countries by American parents since 1989, including more than 72,000 from Eastern Europe. Many arrive with growth and developmental delays, and medical problems. Yet, little is known about the long-term outcomes for these children. Therefore, we assessed long-term developmental, neurobehavioral, and educational performance outcomes in a group of adopted 8- to 12-year-old children from Eastern Europe. A parent questionnaire was mailed to families of school-age Eastern European adopted children who had been in the United States for two years or more. Of the 81 children (33M: 48F) described in the returned surveys, 84 percent were 3 years old or older at adoption. Sixty-one percent of the children received special education services, and 32 percent received occupational therapy. Fifty-two percent had language disorders, 38 percent had attentional problems, and 36 percent had learning disabilities. Thirty-five percent had multiple neurodevelopme...
STRATEGIES OF SINGLE-ISSUE INTEREST GROUPS

Using traditional models of electoral behavior one would not expect single-issue interest groups to have the impact on the American electoral system evident in recent elections. The difficulty in understanding their success lies in the assumption that the rational voter merely maximizes utility by choosing between the positions offered by the candidates/ political parties. Single-issue interest group activity has demonstrated, to the contrary, that it is possible for an assertive rational voter to successfully force candidates/ parties to take specific positions on issues and to form winning coalitions.
Electron Number Density Measurements in Ar and Ar-N2 Inductively Coupled Plasmas

The emission spectrum of the series limit of Al was used to estimate the electron number densities (ne) in inductively coupled Ar or Ar-N2 plasmas (ICP). The spectra of the series limit were recorded either with a silicon-intensified target vidicon detector or by a computer-controlled, scanning spectrometer. Background stripping was performed on the spectra recorded by both instruments to enhance signal recovery. Under comparable experimental conditions, the ne values in the Ar-supported ICP were higher than those observed in Ar-N2 plasma, when pure N2 was used in the outer flow. However, the ne value of the Ar ICP under the conditions commonly used in analytical laboratories (15 mm observation height and 1200 W forward power) was comparable to that found in pure N2 outer flow, Ar-N2 plasmas operated under conditions (5 mm observation height and 3000 W forward power) suitable for exciting spectral lines of high excitation energies. Whereas the use of higher, carrier gas flows tended to reduce the ne values of the Ar ICP substantially, this trend was not observed for the pure N2 outer flow Ar-N2 plasma.
A Nitric Oxide Producing Pin-to-Hole Spark Discharge Plasma Enhances Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Migration

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in vascular functions and wound healing. A pin-to-hole spark discharge (PHD), which primarily produces NO, recently emerged as an effective tool for medical applications. We therefore investigated whether PHD plasma-produced NO could promote angiogenesis. PHD plasma equipped with a curved tube extension was used to treat a saline solution and porcine aortic endothelial cells in vitro. Both NO and nitrite increased linearly in plasma-treated phosphate buffered saline, and NO also increased in a dose-dependent manner in endothelial cells. PHD plasma treatment induced endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Cells treated for 60 seconds had 8% more cells than untreated samples 5 days after plasma treatment. A 60-second PHD plasma treatment also increased 2D migration distance by 32% compared to an untreated control, whereas the number of cells that migrated through a 3D collagen gel increased by 16%. However, no tube formation was induced by PHD plasma. These data show that PHD plasma could apply NO to accelerate wound healing through enhanced angiogenesis.
Surgical intervention in patients with metastatic renal cancer: current status of metastasectomy and cytoreductive nephrectomy.

The prognosis for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is poor and systemic therapies are generally ineffective. This review discusses the contribution that trials such as those from SWOG and EORTC have made in advancing our understanding of the value of surgical intervention, in combination with systemic therapies, in the treatment of metastatic RCC.