cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deuterium NMR structure of retinal in the ground state of rhodopsin.

The conformation of retinal bound to the G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin is intimately linked to its photochemistry, which initiates the visual process. Site-directed deuterium (2H) NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the structure of retinal within the binding pocket of bovine rhodopsin. Aligned recombinant membranes were studied containing rhodopsin that was regenerated with retinal 2H-labeled at the C5, C9, or C13 methyl groups by total synthesis. Studies were conducted at temperatures below the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of the membrane lipid bilayer, where rotational and translational diffusion of rhodopsin is effectively quenched. The experimental tilt series of 2H NMR spectra were fit to a theoretical line shape analysis [Nevzorov, A. A., Moltke, S., Heyn, M. P., and Brown, M. F. (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121, 7636−7643] giving the retinylidene bond orientations with respect to the membrane normal in the dark state. Moreover, the relative orientations of pairs of methyl gro...
Mitochondrial Lipid Abnormality and Electron Transport Chain Impairment in Mice Lacking α-Synuclein

The presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein, implicated in Parkinson disease (PD), binds phospholipids and has a role in brain fatty acid (FA) metabolism. In mice lacking alpha-synuclein (Snca-/-), total brain steady-state mass of the mitochondria-specific phospholipid, cardiolipin, is reduced 22% and its acyl side chains show a 51% increase in saturated FAs and a 25% reduction in essential n-6, but not n-3, polyunsaturated FAs. Additionally, 23% reduction in phosphatidylglycerol content, the immediate biosynthetic precursor of cardiolipin, was observed without alterations in the content of other brain phospholipids. Consistent with these changes, more ordered lipid head group and acyl chain packing with enhanced rotational motion of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) about its long axis were demonstrated in time-resolved DPH fluorescence lifetime experiments. These abnormalities in mitochondrial membrane properties were associated with a 15% reduction in linked complex I/III activity of the electron transport chain, without reductions in mitochondrial number, complex II/III activity, or individual complex I, II, III, or IV activity. Reduced complex I activity is thought to be a critical factor in the development of PD. Thus, altered membrane composition and structure and impaired complex I/III function in Snca-/- brain suggest a relationship between alpha-synuclein's role in brain lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and PD.
Online Counseling A Need for Discovery

The rejoinder responds to the four reactions by Jeffrey Barnett, Tai Chang, Delida Sanchez-Page, and Franz Caspar and Thomas Berger in the November 2005issue of The Counseling Psychologist. In doing so, the authors emphasize the important need for further clarity regarding the effectiveness of online mental and behavioral health services in delivering a wide range of psychoeducation, self-help, and mutual-help facilities as well as direct counseling. The authors also highlight many of the reactants’ important insights, including the comments on the appropriateness of online mental and behavioral health services for the underserved and whether online counseling should be used as a primary or secondary tool in counseling.
Relating documents via user activity: the missing link

In this paper we describe a system for creating and exposing relationships between documents: a user's interaction with digital objects (like documents) is interpreted as links - to be discovered and maintained by the system. Such relationships are created automatically, requiring no priming by the user. Using a very simple set of heuristics, we demonstrate the uniquely useful relationships that can be established between documents that have been touched by the user. Furthermore, this mechanism for relationship building is media agnostic, thus discovering relationships that would not be found by conventional content based approaches. We describe a proof-of-concept implementation of this basic idea and discuss a couple of natural expansions of the scope of user activity monitoring.
Rising incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a true increase?

Abstract Background / Aims : The incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has been reported to be increasing in the USA. The aim of this study is to examine whether this is a true increase or a reflection of improved detection or reclassification. Methods : Using data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, incidence rates for ICC between 1975 and 1999 were calculated. We also calculated the proportions of cases with each tumor stage, microscopically confirmed cases, and the survival rates. Results : A total of 2864 patients with ICC were identified. The incidence of ICC increased by 165% during the study period. Most of this increase occurred after 1985. There were no significant changes in the proportion of patients with unstaged cancer, localized cancer, microscopic confirmation, or with tumor size Conclusions : The incidence of ICC continues to rise in the USA. The stable proportions over time of patients with early stage disease, unstaged disease, tumor size
Pore pressure development beneath the décollement at the Nankai subduction zone: Implications for plate boundary fault strength and sediment dewatering

[1] Despite its importance for plate boundary fault processes, quantitative constraints on pore pressure are rare, especially within fault zones. Here, we combine laboratory permeability measurements from core samples with a model of loading and pore pressure diffusion to investigate pore fluid pressure evolution within underthrust sediment at the Nankai subduction zone. Independent estimates of pore pressure to ∼20 km from the trench, combined with permeability measurements conducted over a wide range of effective stresses and porosities, allow us to reliably simulate pore pressure development to greater depths than in previous studies and to directly quantify pore pressure within the plate boundary fault zone itself, which acts as the upper boundary of the underthrusting section. Our results suggest that the time-averaged excess pore pressure (P*) along the decollement ranges from 1.7–2.1 MPa at the trench to 30.2–35.9 MPa by 40 km landward, corresponding to pore pressure ratios of λb = 0.68–0.77. For friction coefficients of 0.30–0.40, the resulting shear strength along the decollement remains <12 MPa over this region. When noncohesive critical taper theory is applied using these values, the required pore pressure ratios within the wedge are near hydrostatic (λw = 0.41–0.59), implying either that pore pressure throughout the wedge is low or that the fault slips only during transient pulses of elevated pore pressure. In addition, simulated downward migration of minima in effective stress during drainage provides a quantitative explanation for down stepping of the decollement that is consistent with observations at Nankai.
Extensions of the closed form method for substrate thermal analyzers to include thermal resistances from source-to-substrate and source-to-ambient

The Fourier series/integral closed-form method for substrate thermal analyzers has been limited by the specification of heat sources on the substrate surface. A method of complementing the basic substrate boundary value problem with lumped thermal resistances is described. In this manner, the thermal interface resistance between a chip package and board, as well as between the same package and a local ambient can be accommodated. The technique consists of combining the methods of Fourier series solution and lumped parameter thermal resistances. The theory is verified by comparing results with both thermal network and finite element model calculations for a sample problem consisting of four active devices attached to a substrate. The ramifications of a uniform heat flux at the board surface are examined by evaluating an approximate representation of a surface mount chip package. Results are compared with experimental test data for a small printed circuit board with 56 dual in-line resistor packs. >
Gravitational, rotational and topological quantum phase shifts in neutron interferometry

Experiments involving quantum interference of neutron de Broglie waves, having a wavelength A , extending over macroscopic distances of order are described. In particular I discuss interference induced by the Earth's gravitational field and by its rotation (Sagnac effect), the topological phase shifts resulting from the diffraction of the neutron, carrying its magnetic moment , around a charged electrode (Aharonov--Casher effect) and then finally during its passage through a pulsed magnetic field (scalar Aharonov--Bohm effect).
Symptoms, Distribution and Abundance of the Stem-Boring Caterpillar, Blastobasis repartella (Dietz), in Switchgrass

A potential pest of switchgrass, Panicum virga- tum L., was first detected in South Dakota in 2004, where death of partially emerged leaves was noted in a small proportion of tillers. Similar "dead heart" symptoms were observed in switchgrass in Illinois during 2008 and adults of a stem-boring caterpillar were collected and identified as Blastobasis repartella (Dietz). In 2009, a survey of the central United States was used to estimate the distribution and abundance of this insect. In eight northern states, B. repartella was consistently found in both cultivated plots and natural stands of switchgrass. In four southern states, B. repartella was not detected. However, because symptoms are conspicuous for a short period of time, failure to collect stem-borers on one survey date for each southern location does not necessarily define the limit of distribution for B. repartella. Sampling in four northern states showed the proportion of tillers damaged by B. repartella ranged from 1.0-7.2%. Unlike some caterpillars that feed on native grasses, it appears that the egg-laying behavior of adult moths may preclude the use of prescribed burns as an effective method to suppress this stem-boring caterpillar. As a potential pest of switchgrass planted for biomass production, near-term research needs include refining the geographic distribution of B. repartella, quantifying poten- tial losses of switchgrass biomass, and determining whether switchgrass may be bred for resistance this and other stem- boring insects.
Examples of Quantisable Dynamical Systems: The Hydrogen Atom and Automorphism Groups

The regularised energy surface of then-dimensional hydrogen atom is shown to be naturally the total space of a quantisable dynamical system. The automorphism groups of dynamical systems are studied; and the connected Riemannian dynamical systems with automorphism groups of maximal dimension are classified. Finally, the compact, connected and simply connected quantisable dynamical system with automorphism group of maximal dimension is shown to be the set of independent harmonic oscillators with equal periods.
Reversal of Eutrophication Following Sewage Treatment Upgrades in the New River Estuary, North Carolina

The New River Estuary consists of a series of broad shallow lagoons draining a catchment area of 1,436 km2, located in Onslow County, North Carolina. During the 1980s and 1990s it was considered one of the most eutrophic estuaries in the southeastern United States and sustained dense phytoplankton blooms, bottom water anoxia and hypoxia, toxic outbreaks of the dinoflagellatePfiesteria, and fish kills. High nutrient loading, especially of phosphorus (P), from municipal and military sewage treatment plants was the principal cause leading to the eutrophic conditions. Nutrient addition bioassay experiments showed that additions of nitrogen (N) but not P consistently yielded significant increases in phytoplankton production relative to controls. During 1998 the City of Jacksonville and the U.S. Marine Corps Base at Camp Lejeune completely upgraded their sewage treatment systems and achieved large improvements in nutrient removal, reducing point source inputs of N and P to the estuary by approximately 57% and 71%, respectively. The sewage treatment plant upgrades led to significant estuarine decreases in ammonium, orthophosphate, chlorophylla, and turbidity concentrations, and subsequent increases in bottom water dissolved oxygen (DO) and light penetration. The large reduction in phytoplankton biomass led to a large reduction in labile phytoplankton carbon, likely an important source of biochemical oxygen demand in this estuary. The upper estuary stations experienced increases in average bottom water DO of 0.9 to 1.4 mg l−1, representing an improvement in benthic habitat for shellfish and other organisms. The reductions in light attenuation and turbidity should also improve the habitat conditions for growth of submersed aquatic vegetation, an important habitat for fish and shellfish.
Topology of the Maize Mixed Linkage (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-Glucan Synthase at the Golgi Membrane

Mixed-linkage (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-d-glucan is a plant cell wall polysaccharide composed of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl units, with decreasingly smaller amounts of cellopentosyl, cellohexosyl, and higher cellodextrin units, each connected by single (1-->3)-beta-linkages. (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-Glucan is synthesized in vitro with isolated maize (Zea mays) Golgi membranes and UDP-[(14)C]d-glucose. The (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucan synthase is sensitive to proteinase K digestion, indicating that part of the catalytic domain is exposed to the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi membrane. The detergent [3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid] (CHAPS) also lowers (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucan synthase activity. In each instance, the treatments selectively inhibit formation of the cellotriosyl units, whereas synthesis of the cellotetraosyl units is essentially unaffected. Synthesis of the cellotriosyl units is recovered when a CHAPS-soluble factor is permitted to associate with Golgi membranes at synthesis-enhancing CHAPS concentrations but lost if the CHAPS-soluble fraction is replaced by fresh CHAPS buffer. In contrast to other known Golgi-associated synthases, (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucan synthase behaves as a topologic equivalent of cellulose synthase, where the substrate UDP-glucose is consumed at the cytosolic side of the Golgi membrane, and the glucan product is extruded through the membrane into the lumen. We propose that a cellulose synthase-like core catalytic domain of the (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucan synthase synthesizes cellotetraosyl units and higher even-numbered oligomeric units and that a separate glycosyl transferase, sensitive to proteinase digestion and detergent extraction, associates with it to add the glucosyl residues that complete the cellotriosyl and higher odd-numbered units, and this association is necessary to drive polymer elongation.
Design Independent Query Interfaces

Real-world databases often have extremely complex schemas. With thousands of entity types and relationships, each with a hundred or so attributes, it is extremely difficult for new users to explore the data and formulate queries. Schema free query interfaces (SFQIs) address this problem by allowing users with no knowledge of the schema to submit queries. We postulate that SFQIs should deliver the same answers when given alternative designs for the same underlying data set. In this paper, we introduce and formally define design independence, which captures this property for SFQIs. We establish a theoretical framework to measure the amount of design independence provided by an SFQI. We show that most current SFQIs provide a very limited degree of design independence. We also show that SFQIs based on the statistical properties of data can provide design independence when the changes in the schema do not introduce or remove redundancy in the data. We propose a novel XML SFQI called Duplication Aware Coherency Ranking (DA-CR) based on information-theoretic relationships among the data items in the database, and prove that DA-CR is design independent. Our extensive empirical study using three real-world data sets shows that the average case design independence of current SFQIs is considerably lower than that of DA-CR. We also show that the ranking quality of DA-CR is better than or equal to that of current SFQI methods.
Proteogenomics: Integrating Next-Generation Sequencing and Mass Spectrometry to Characterize Human Proteomic Variation

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has emerged as the leading method for detection, quantification, and characterization of proteins. Nearly all proteomic workflows rely on proteomic databases to identify peptides and proteins, but these databases typically contain a generic set of proteins that lack variations unique to a given sample, precluding their detection. Fortunately, proteogenomics enables the detection of such proteomic variations and can be defined, broadly, as the use of nucleotide sequences to generate candidate protein sequences for mass spectrometry database searching. Proteogenomics is experiencing heightened significance due to two developments: (a) advances in DNA sequencing technologies that have made complete sequencing of human genomes and transcriptomes routine, and (b) the unveiling of the tremendous complexity of the human proteome as expressed at the levels of genes, cells, tissues, individuals, and populations. We review here the field of human proteogenomics, with an emphasis on its history, current implementations, the types of proteomic variations it reveals, and several important applications.
Flight Behavior of Methyl-Parathion-Resistant and -Susceptible Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations from Nebraska

Relative flight behavior of methyl-parathion-resistant and -susceptible western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte populations, was studied as part of a larger effort to characterize the potential impact of insecticide resistance on adult life history traits and to understand the evolution and spread of resistance. A computer interfaced actograph was used to compare flight of resistant and susceptible individuals, and flight of resistant individuals with and without prior exposure to methyl-parathion. In each case, mean trivial and sustained flight durations were compared among treatments. In general, there were few differences in trivial or sustained flight characteristics as affected by beetle population, insecticide exposure, sex, or age and there were few significant interactions among variables. Tethered flight activity was highly variable and distributions of flight duration were skewed toward flights of short duration. Tethered flight activity was similar among resistant and susceptible beetles with the exception that susceptible beetles initiated more flights per beetle than resistant beetles. After sublethal exposure to methyl-parathion, total flight time, total trivial flight time, and mean number of flights per resistant beetle declined significantly. Because long-range flight was uncommon, short- to medium-duration flights may play an important role in determining gene flow and population spread of resistant D. v. virgifera. These results suggest that organophosphate-resistant beetles can readily move and colonize new areas, but localized selection pressure (e.g., management practices) and exposure to methyl-parathion may contribute to the small-scale differences in resistance intensity often seen in the field.
Persistent nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia with unidentified pigment in liver cells; report of case followed in pregnancy.

Summary 1.A case of persistent nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia with unidentified pigment in the liver cells, first diagnosed during pregnancy and followed through delivery, is presented. 2.Pregnancy and delivery of a normal male infant were uneventful in this condition, in which the diagnosis was confirmed by transthoracic needle liver biopsy at 4 months' gestation. 3.More widespread use of liver biopsy in cases of long-standing icterus of this type will result, it is felt, in the diagnosis of a considerable number of cases of this condition.; Such early diagnosis is desirable because of the relative benignancy of this type of hyperbilirubinemia, and the possibility of avoidance of operative procedures as well as the opportunity to reassure the patient.
Managing Virtuality in Enterprise Social Systems

This study has built on research on today's modern organizations with cloud computing to lay the foundations for a comprehensive and systematic theorization of Enterprise Social Systems. The trend toward virtuality marks a fundamental transformation in space-time parameters in communications. This is especially so in the context of rapid current advancements in IT such as cloud computing, as well as numerous other technological fronts. Current IT trends show that increased spatio-temporal plasticity heightens the effectiveness and the efficiency of predominantly Enterprise Social Systems in the cloud computing environment. In particular, subject oriented asynchronous communications experience greater inferred plasticity and event oriented synchronous communications experience greater referred plasticity. Finally, Enterprise Social Systems vary in their degree of virtuality based on the perspective of the relevant stakeholder group considered.
Metallocyclopeptide complexes with MII(S.Cys)4 chromophores.

The tetracysteinyl peptide cyclo[Lys1,12](Gln-Cys-Gly-Val-Cys-Gly-Lys-Cys-Ile-Ala-Cys-Lys) ([symbol: see text] L(Cys.SH)4) was synthesized by solid-phase methods using an Fmoc/t-Bu/allyl strategy on a PAL-PEG-PS support. The formation of the 1:1 complexes with M = Fe2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ was observed by spectrophotometric monitoring of reactions in aqueous solution at pH 7.5. Size exclusion chromatography indicated that the peptide is a monomer and the complexes are dimers [M2([symbol: see text]L(Cys.S)4)2] in aqueous buffer at pH 7.5. Cobalt and nickel K-edge X-ray absorption data and EXAFS analysis of [Co2([symbol: see text] L(Cys.S)4)2] and [Ni2([symbol: see text] L(Cys.S)4)2] as lyophilized solids are reported. Derived bond distances are Co-S = 2.30 A and Ni-S = 2.21 A. From the collective results provided by absorption spectra, K-edges, EXAFS, and bond length comparisons with known structures, it is shown that [Fe2([symbol: see text] L(Cys.S)4)2] and [Co2([symbol: see text] L(Cys.S)4)2] possess distorted tetrahedral structures and [Ni2([symbol: see text] L(Cys.S)4)2] has distorted square planar stereochemistry. The Co(II) chromophore is particularly distinctive of the assigned structure, displaying three components of the parent tetrahedral ligand field transition 4A2-->4T1(P) (610, 685, 740 nm). The observed structures conform to the intrinsic stereochemical preferences of the metal ions. Structures for the binuclear complexes are suggested. These are the first characterized metal complexes of a cysteinyl cyclopeptide and among the few well-documented complexes of synthetic cyclopeptides. This study is a desirable first step in the design of cyclic peptides for the binding of mononuclear and polynuclear metal centers.
The Syntax of Biochemical Mentation

I argue that Homo sapiens and biochemical minds in general function analogously to a computer program. I do not try to advance toward an answer to the question of ‘strong AI’ nor the question of inorganic entities having qualitative experience, but I argue that a program is more than a mere model for human mentality; it is a less sophisticated recreation of it. Such a view may be called weak computationalism for it holds that computationalism’s analysis of how biochemical minds function is correct without necessitating the further claim that the biochemical mind’s capacities can, therefore, be recreated inorganically. Most importantly, I attempt to account for qualia in this scheme of mentality. I posit that conscious human experience can be called computational and that qualia are the fundamental, syntactic entities of that computational experience. That is, human experience is the constant effort to compute and react to qualitative states.
Improvement of Generator & Transformer Protection Action Reliability

This paper analyzes incorrect action reasons of transformer longitudinal differential protection and generator reverse power protection, puts forward the measures to improve the reliability of generator and transformer protection. The measures are to ensure proper secondary circuit, constitute simple logic and reasonable set value.
Ionophoric polyphenols selectively bind Cu2+, display potent antioxidant and anti-amyloidogenic properties, and are non-toxic toward Tetrahymena thermophila

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting more than 28million people in the world. Only symptomatic treatments are currently available. Anticipated tri-fold increase of AD incidence in the next 50years has established the need to explore new possible treatments. Accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular tangles in the brain, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the major hallmarks of the disease. The active role of some metal ions, especially Cu(2+), in promoting both Aβ aggregation and reactive oxygen species formation has rendered ionophoric drugs as a promising treatment strategy. In this work, a series of 5 disease-modifying and multi-target ionophoric polyphenols (1-5), inspired on the structure of natural resveratrol, have been synthesized and characterized. All compounds bind Cu(2+) selectively over other biologically relevant metal ions. They form 2:1 (compound/Cu(2+)) complexes with association constants logKa 12-14 depending on the molecular design. Our results indicate that compounds 1-5 possess excellent antioxidant properties: they inhibit the Cu(2+)-catalyzed reactive oxygen species production between 47% and 100%, and they scavenge DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) and AAPH (2,2'-azobis(2-amindino-propane)dihydrochloride) free radicals in general better than clioquinol, resveratrol and ascorbic acid. In addition, compounds 1-5 interact with Aβ peptides and inhibit both the Cu(2+)-catalyzed aggregation and the self-assembly of Aβ(1-40) up to a ∼92% extent. Interestingly, 1-5 are also able to disaggregate up to ∼91% of pre-formed Aβ(1-40) aggregates. Furthermore, cytotoxic studies show remarkably low toxicity of 1-5 toward Tetrahymena thermophila with LD50 values higher than 150μM, comparable to non-toxic natural resveratrol.
Precision medicine in cardiology

The cardiovascular research and clinical communities are ideally positioned to address the epidemic of noncommunicable causes of death, as well as advance our understanding of human health and disease, through the development and implementation of precision medicine. New tools will be needed for describing the cardiovascular health status of individuals and populations, including 'omic' data, exposome and social determinants of health, the microbiome, behaviours and motivations, patient-generated data, and the array of data in electronic medical records. Cardiovascular specialists can build on their experience and use precision medicine to facilitate discovery science and improve the efficiency of clinical research, with the goal of providing more precise information to improve the health of individuals and populations. Overcoming the barriers to implementing precision medicine will require addressing a range of technical and sociopolitical issues. Health care under precision medicine will become a more integrated, dynamic system, in which patients are no longer a passive entity on whom measurements are made, but instead are central stakeholders who contribute data and participate actively in shared decision-making. Many traditionally defined diseases have common mechanisms; therefore, elimination of a siloed approach to medicine will ultimately pave the path to the creation of a universal precision medicine environment.
Colony Response to Worker Bees Confined with Queens (Apis Mellifera L.)

(1961). Colony Response to Worker Bees Confined with Queens (Apis Mellifera L.) Bee World: Vol. 42, No. 8, pp. 197-199.
Narrative Form as a "Grammar" of Experience: Native Americans and a Glimpse of English.

This paper suggests that the linguistic expenence of children is likely to include experience with narratives. This expenence may be with narratives that are specifically addressed to children, or with narratives that are simply told over and over again in the presence of children. As more detailed analyses of narratives become available , recurring patterns of lines and verses emerge in their structure. In two Native American narratives analyzed here, patterns are adhered to at every level of the text. In fact, the patterning is so pervasive that it may embody an implicit logic of experience, a rhetoric of action. Societies may differ in the degree to which the organization of experience follows from these patterns or in the linguistic devices used to mark these patterns. Nevertheless, the few cases outside Native American texts that have been analyzed for patterns in this way indicate that the patterning may be more universal than expected. Further investigation into the area of narrative patterning as an organization of expenence may well have educational implications, some of which have been speculated about here.
Microvascular retractor: a new concept of retracting and repositioning cerebral blood vessels.

OBJECTIVE: In this technical note, we report our results with a newly designed retractor blade that can be directly applied for the retraction and repositioning of cerebral blood vessels and delicate neural structures. METHODS: This new malleable retractor with a semicircular tip was designed to fit in the flexible arms of a self-retaining retractor system. After prototype evaluation and optimization in laboratory studies, we used the new retractor in 15 patients during surgical procedures that included retraction of the internal carotid artery during aneurysm clipping, expansion of the surgical window, and transposition of cranial nerves. RESULTS: No intraoperative injuries occurred to neurovascular structures. The retractor blade remained stable on pulsating vessels during the procedure and largely preserved the vessel diameter. CONCLUSION: The new retractor incorporates the existing advantages offered by flexible self-retaining retractor blades with those features that adapt to blood vessel retraction. Rather than concentrating force at one point as typical retractors do, the semicircular tip distributes the retraction force over multiple points along its circumference.
PET imaging of dopamine-D2 receptor internalization in schizophrenia

Recent genetic, molecular and post-mortem studies suggest impaired dopamine (DA)-D2 receptor (D2R) trafficking in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Imaging and preclinical studies have shown agonist-induced D2R internalization can be imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) using D2R radiotracers combined with psychostimulant challenge. This is feasible if radiotracer binding is measured when postchallenge DA levels have returned to baseline, following the initial competition phase between DA and radiotracer for binding to D2R. Here we used ‘late-phase' imaging after challenge to test the hypothesis that impaired D2R internalization in SZ leads to blunted late-phase displacement, or a faster return to baseline, in patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). We imaged 10 patients with SZ and 9 HCs with PET and [11C]raclopride at baseline and two times (3–5 and 6–10 h) following 0.5 mg kg−1 dextroamphetamine. We measured binding potential relative to non-displaceable compartment (BPND) and derived percent reduction from baseline (ΔBPND) for each postamphetamine scan. To test the hypothesis that time course of return of striatal BPND to baseline differed between SZ and HCs, we implemented a linear model with ΔBPND as dependent variable, time after amphetamine as repeated measure and time after amphetamine and diagnostic group as fixed effects. Neither diagnostic group nor interaction of diagnostic group-by-time after amphetamine significantly affected striatal ΔBPND (F=1.38, P=0.26; F=0.51, P=0.61). These results show similar pattern of return of BPND to baseline as a function of time in patients with SZ and HC, suggesting that striatal D2R internalization as measured by our imaging paradigm is normal in patients with SZ.
AEROSOLS | Observations and Measurements

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 1, pp 20–34, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
Automatic extrinsic calibration of depth sensors with ambiguous environments and restricted motion

Autonomous mobile robots that use multiple depth sensors to perceive their environments, rely on extrinsic calibration to combine the individual views from each sensor into a single coherent view of the surroundings. Such extrinsic calibration is tedious to perform manually, and requires that specific scenes to calibrate. Current state of the art automatic approaches do not consider the content of scenes used for calibration, and thus are not robust to partially informative scenes in long-term deployments. In this paper, we present Delta-Calibration, an automated extrinsic calibration technique that takes into account the information in a scene for calibration. Delta-Calibration relies on constrained sensor motion to minimize the effects of desynchronization, and ego-motion estimation from each depth camera to detect significant changes in pose, which we term Delta-Transforms. We derive a solution to the extrinsic calibration using such Delta-Transforms taking into account uncertain axes of motion in the environment, and further infer necessary and sufficient conditions on the Delta-Transforms such that Delta-Calibration results in a unique, non-singular, and numerically stable extrinsic calibration. We present quantitative and qualitative results demonstrating the effectiveness of Delta-Calibration at computing extrinsic calibration over different arrangements of depth sensors.
Velvet Rope Racism, Racial Paranoia, and Cultural Scripts: Alleged Dress Code Discrimination in Urban Nightlife, 2000–2014

Using news stories appearing between June 1, 2000, and June 15, 2014, I explore the nature of African Americans’ allegations of racial discrimination in the use of dress codes at urban nightclubs. ...
Parental Involvement and Adolescent Academic Outcomes: Exploring Differences in Beneficial Strategies across Racial/Ethnic Groups.

Gaps in educational outcomes between racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups persist in the United States, and parental involvement is often cited as an important avenue for improving outcomes among racially/ethnically diverse adolescents. This study utilized data from the Education Longitudinal Study 2002–2013 (56% female, N = 4429), which followed 10th-graders through high school and ten years post-high school, to examine the links between parental involvement strategies and academic outcomes (grade point average and educational attainment). Participants included white, African American, and Hispanic/Latino adolescents from low-SES families. This study used recursive partitioning, a novel analytic strategy used for exploring higher-order interactions and non-linear associations among factors (e.g., parental educational involvement strategies) to predict an outcome (e.g., grade point average or educational attainment) through step-wise partitioning. The results showed that the combination of greater academic socialization and school-based involvement was beneficial for all adolescents’ grade point average, whereas the combination of home-based involvement with academic socialization and school-based involvement yielded mixed results. Greater academic socialization and home-based involvement appeared beneficial for educational attainment among African American and Hispanic/Latino adolescents, but not white adolescents. More home-based involvement and less academic socialization were associated with less educational attainment for white adolescents. Overall, the findings showed different combinations of parental educational involvement strategies were beneficial for adolescents across racial/ethnic groups, which may have implications for practice and policy.
High-Linearity Transconductance Amplifiers with Digital Correction Capability

The push towards wider bandwidths in baseband filter applications calls for operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) with progressively better linearity at higher frequencies. In this chapter, an architectural solution is described that can be applied to diverse circuit-level OTA configurations. Effective linearization over a wide frequency range demands a mechanism to correct for high-frequency effects and process variations. Accordingly, digital programmability to ensure high linearity and compatibility with modern CMOS technologies is discussed. The linearization technique utilizes two matched OTAs to cancel harmonic distortion components, creating a robust architecture. Compensation for process variations and frequency-dependent distortion based on Volterra series analysis is achieved by employing a delay equalization scheme with on-chip programmable resistors.
Migraine in the Emergency Department

A 36-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of acute throbbing headache that began 12 h previously and is associated with nausea and vomiting. She has a past history of migraine headaches with visual aura dating to age 14.
Foster Care Alumni Achievement in Higher Education: the Role of Trauma

Foster care alumni lag behind the general population in post-secondary academic achievement. This cross-sectional study uses a random sample of forty-six foster care alumni from a Midwestern public university to explore the relationship between exposure to trauma and post-secondary academic achievement (14.5% response rate; age range 17-24). While no significant relationship was found between trauma exposure and GPA or failing classes, participants who experienced increased exposure to trauma were more likely to have withdrawn from a class because it was too difficult or the semester was too overwhelming. More research is needed to further understand these findings.
Reasoned Administration and Democratic Legitimacy: How Administrative Law Supports Democratic Government

Reasoned Administration and Democratic Legitimacy: How Administrative Law Supports Democratic Government explores the fundamental bases for the legitimacy of the modern administrative state. While some have argued that modern administrative states are a threat to liberty and at war with democratic governance, Jerry L. Mashaw demonstrates that in fact reasoned administration is more respectful of rights and equal citizenship and truer to democratic values than lawmaking by either courts or legislatures. His account features the law's demand for reason giving and reasonableness as the crucial criterion for the legality of administrative action. In an argument combining history, sociology, political theory and law, this book demonstrates how administrative law's demand for reasoned administration structures administrative decision-making, empowers actors within and outside the government, and supports a complex vision of democratic self-rule.
Epidemiology and implications of concurrent diagnosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis and IBD based on a prospective population-based analysis.

Objective Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoO) and IBD are immune-mediated diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with possible overlapping pathogenic mechanisms. Our aim was to define the epidemiology and clinical implications of concurrent EoO and IBD diagnoses. Design We conducted a prospective cohort analysis using the Truven MarketScan database (2009–2016) to estimate the incidence and prevalence of EoO in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) or UC and vice versa. Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate the risk of EoO-related or IBD-related complications among patients with concurrent diagnoses. Results Among 134 013 536 individuals, the incidence of EoO, CD and UC were 23.1, 51.2 and 55.2 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. The risk of EoO was higher among patients with CD (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 5.4, p Conclusion Based on a population-based prospective cohort analysis, the risk of EoO is significantly higher among patients with IBD and vice versa. Concurrent diagnoses might modify the risk of IBD-related and EoO-related complications. Studies defining the mechanisms underlying these observations are needed.
Creating and Abandoning “Homeland”: Cahokia as Place of Origin

“Diaspora” is typically used in reference to large-scale population dispersals across borders of modern nation-states. This concept has particular connotations with regard to political dynamics and the creation of social identities of difference; however, similar movements of people who retain an identity of a collective “homeland” may be useful for understanding some aspects of cultural influence and complexity in the Mississippian Southeast. Here, we consider the debate over concepts of “diaspora” and “homeland,” identifying aspects of diaspora theory that provide a useful lens through which to understand Cahokia’s impact in the greater Southeast, specifically in the construction of a physical, ancestral, and/or metaphorical Place of Origin as referential “homeland.” We then consider the implications of this Central Place in the context of abandonment and small-scale out-migrations within the Greater Cahokia region. While certain non-human bodies and material practices are “carried away,” others are abandoned altogether. We consider what these choices can tell us about the process of dissolution of this once-created Place of Origin, Cahokia.
Protestants and American conservatism: A short history

Gillis Harp, professor of history at Grove City College, a Christian liberal arts college, has been writing thoughtfully about Protestantism, evangelicalism, and democracy since the 1990s. With Pro...
Calibration Probe Uncertainty and Validation for the Hypersonic Material Environmental Test System

This paper presents an uncertainty analysis of the stagnation-point calibration probe surface predictions for conditions that span the performance envelope of the Hypersonic Materials Environmental...
Immunogenic and inflammatory responses to citrullinated proteins are enhanced following modification with malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts.

Abstract Background/Objective Malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts (MAA) act as potent immune adjuvants and co-localize with citrullinated antigens in tissues effected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We sought to examine the role of MAA-adducts in promoting RA-related autoimmunity and inflammation. Methods DBA/J1 mice were immunized with human serum albumin (HSA), HSA-MAA, citrullinated HSA (HSA-Cit), or HSA-MAA-Cit with subsequent measurement of serum anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) and anti-Cit T cell responses. Cellular binding of the same antigens was examined using THP-1 monocytes and Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells transfected with specific scavenger receptors (SRs: TLR4, SR-B2, SREC-1). The effects of these antigens on THP-1 activation were then examined by quantifying plate adherence, pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10) cytokine release, and SR (CD14, SR-B2)/co-stimulatory molecule (CD80, HLA-DR) expression. Comparisons were completed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results Mice immunized with co-modified HSA produced significantly higher ACPA concentrations than all other groups whereas T cell responses to citrullinated proteins were highest following immunization with HSA-MAA. Both transfected CHO and THP-1 cells demonstrated significantly higher binding of HSA-MAA-Cit vs. HSA or HSA-Cit. THP-1 cells exposed to HSA-MAA-Cit expressed significantly higher concentrations of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-10 vs. all other groups. Furthermore, THP-1 cells demonstrated significantly increased plate adherence and higher expression of CD14, SR-B2, and HLA-DR following incubation with HSA-MAA-Cit vs. HSA or HSA-Cit. Conclusion These studies demonstrate that MAA-adduction of citrullinated antigen greatly enhances immune and cellular responses, potentially acting as a key co-factor in RA pathogenesis.
Family support, forming careers, and breaking the disability mindset: implications for addressing structural barriers to employment pathways in coordinated specialty care for first-episode psychosis

Pathways to employment are typically interrupted by first-episode psychosis (FEP) which strikes during the developmentally critical time of young adulthood. This paper reports on the key moments an...
#Metoo in China: Affordances and Constraints of Social Media Platforms

Using case studies, this chapter explores the characteristics of digital Chinese feminist activism manifested in the Chinese #metoo movement in a transnational context while accounting for its sociopolitical conditions locally. We argue against the simplistic binary perspective of freedom versus control in Chinese social movements because of the complex relations among the technical dimensions of digital media and the social, cultural, and political dimensions of social media platforms Weibo and WeChat. In turn, we offer a more nuanced picture of how feminist netizens and activists interact with changing forms of state surveillance and information control, as well as a patriarchal and nationalist internet culture and how transnational influences both support and challenge the development of productive changes in gender equality in China.
Crueles deportaciones: masculinidades, infrapolítica

This article takes as a starting point the violence being inflicted through the current United States regime of deportation on male migrants, with the aim of understanding the precarious masculinities consequently taking form within this population. This article presents an analysis of two digital stories from the Humanizing Deportation project, both narrated by men who after being deported lived or have lived several years in precarious conditions on the streets of Tijuana. Migration is proposed as an escape, and deportation as an expulsion within the violence system that has been called the border industrial complex. Deportation represents a brutal and destructive blow that rather than inciting manifestations of the excesses of machismo, it activates a sentimentalized masculinity, which seems to tie deported men to the border, or to the streets running along the border wall, where they maximize proximity to their families, but live exposed to everyday violence. These masculinities are not doubt damaged, but not paralyzed as in some moments these men seem to exercise an infrapolitics that might be understood as an extension of the kind of agency that underlies their escape.
Navigating Depression at Work: Identity Management Strategies Along the Disclosure Continuum:

For employees with stigmatized concealable identities, the decision to disclose or not disclose represents a critical workplace experience. Moreover, employees enact their disclosure decisions by e...
‘You’re always fighting to be recognized’: a young blind man’s journey of upward mobility and intersectional activism

The author presents a case study of an in-depth interview conducted with David, a young blind man who has faced multiple and interacting forms of inequity. David’s experiences of blindness have car...
Sugar and Spice and Everything Nice

And what are little atoms made of? First, let’s see why it is important that we know. Our motive for looking into the structure of many-electron atoms is twofold. The first is concerned with the light emitted by the atoms. If we pass the light from a hot gas or vapor of any element through a narrow slit and disperse the light (e.g., by means of a prism as in Fig. 14.1), we find that the spectrum is discrete—not continuous. Only certain colors appear. For each element, the spectrum is unique— different from all other elements. This feature provides a means of identifying the dement by the spectrum of light it emits. We want to answer two questions. Why are the spectra discrete and why, for each dement, is the spectrum unique?