cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oceanic climate and circulation changes during the past four centuries from radiocarbon in corals

We analyzed radiocarbon in annual coral bands from the Galapagos Islands in the tropical east Pacific to understand natural variability of past ocean circulation associated with climate change. Variability was observed on El Nino timescales (3–7 years) as well as at decadal and multi-decadal periods. Low radiocarbon levels persisted for ten years during the early 1600s and for sixteen years during the early 1800s, both coincident with periods of high volcanic aerosol loading in the atmosphere from massive eruptions. Intensification of tropical circulation at this time may be linked to climatically-controlled changes in the structure of the tropical thermocline that is responsible for delivering cool, upwelled waters to the tropical east Pacific.
Exciton Delocalization in the B850 Light-Harvesting Complex: Comparison of Different Measures

A much debated topic in recent studies of ultrafast exciton dynamics in molecular aggregates has been the precise definition of the exciton coherence domain in the B850 aggregate of photosynthetic purple bacteria. In this work we compare several measures of exciton delocalization and their variation with temperature, inhomogeneous broadening, and time. We find that the exciton wave packet prepared by a 40 fs pulse is initially delocalized over a substantial portion of the ring and contracts to a significantly smaller size on the time scale of a few hundreds of femtoseconds. Steady-state absorption and time-dependent pump−probe spectra of the B850 aggregate are simulated and compare well with previously reported experimental data. The calculated thermalized exciton wave packet size is in good agreement with previous experimental and theoretical estimates.
210-NP: measuring the mechanical engineering design process

The grades assigned at quarterly intervals to 10 projects in a project-based mechatronics systems design class named ME210 were plotted alongside the number of distinct noun phrases (NPs) in the project reports. It was found that the grades were strongly associated (gamma>0.7) with the number of distinct NPs, while they were weakly associated with other variables, like readability and the number of words. These initial results open up a new set of ways for assessing design work and, as a consequence, improving the performance of students doing design tasks.
ESR probing of macromolecules: spin-labeling of the active sites of the proteolytic serine enzymes.

Abstract Spin-labeled fluorophosphonates react with serine proteinases and esterases in a manner analogous to the common active phosphate ester inhibitors. The reporter group properties of the spin-labeled inhibitors enable a comparative study of the micro structure of the active sites of these enzymes as well as a facile determination of rates of inhibition. The effect of various environmental perturbations on the conformation of these active sites has also been probed.
To Wear a Nostradamus Hat: Drugs and America

A review of historical patterns in drug use suggests common forms of use, likely social responses to innovation, the conditions under which drug use patterns change and the notion of “abuse” is most probable, and the conditions under which most unpredictable drug use and outcomes will occur. Examination of contemporary patterns of use yields evidence of a number of trends, one of which is the growth of use of quieting rather than stimulating substances in America. Although the major function of drugs is and will be to enhance sociability, the prediction is that our society will produce more redundant people who will be at risk of disabling use and effects. Several possible sociopolitical outcomes of these trends are considered, some optimistic and some pessimistic. The importance, for anticipating the future, of the existence of a sense of destiny is suggested.
Executive Succession and Post-Restructuring Performance Improvement and Financial Reporting Quality

We investigate the impact of CEO turnover in connection with corporate restructurings on subsequent performance improvement and accounting quality. Although operational restructurings are credited with performance improvements, prior studies suggest companies potentially manipulate restructuring charges to mask true economic performance. We document significant improvements in post-restructuring investment efficiency and operating performance with no differentiation between firms that experience pre-restructuring CEO turnovers and those that do not. However, continuing managers are more likely to display opportunistic behavior, suggesting their performance improvements are less consistent with real economic changes than pre-restructuring turnover firms. This difference in accounting quality is also more pronounced for firms with outside replacements. Overall, our findings suggest that the threat of managerial termination can effectively induce managers to undertake appropriate actions and commit to higher reporting quality in poorly performing firms.
Diagnostic Needs for Divertor and Edge Physics

In order to determine the diagnostic needs for divertor and edge physics, it is important to understand the current state of divertor research and the goals driving that work. In future large tokamak reactors, such as that envisioned by ITER-FEAT, the divertor, and edge plasma, must meet several goals and criteria. The divertor must first be able to handle the power that crosses the separatrix into the Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL), by careful design of the target plates and use of plasma radiation to disperse the heat load. The divertor must also sufficiently pump helium that is produced by fusion reactions in order to avoid dilution of the central plasma. The boundary solution must also provide fueling for the main chamber to reach the high density that is required for optimal production of fusion energy. Finally the boundary solution must be designed to contain impurities that are produced at the plasma facing surfaces and prevent them from contaminating the main plasma.
ANALYZING COMPLAINTS BY INDONESIAN EFL SPEAKERS

The English language competence of an EFL learner can be reflectedin his pragmatic competence. Yet, for language learners and teachers a mastery of the pragmatic competence may unconsciously be neglected. In other words, it may not be taught in line with the grammatical competence since the initial period of learning. The article centers on two problems: (1) the similarities and differences of speech act of complaints among Indonesian EFL learners, Indonesian EFL teachers and American native speakers, and (2) the evidence of any pragmatic transfer in the complaint performance. DCT was used to gather the data, which was then analyzed using Rinnert, Nogami and Iwai?s aspects of complaining (2006). It was found that there were both differences and similarities of complaints performed by both the native and non-native speakers of English when power and social status were involved. Some evidence on pragmatic transfer was also tangible; mainly it was due to cultural differences
Stories about Values and Valuable Stories: A Field Experiment of the Power of Narratives to Shape Newcomers’ Actions

This study draws on social identity theories of behavioral contagion and research concerning narratives in organizations to present and test a framework for understanding how narratives embed value...
Boosting low-mass hadronic resonances

Searches for new hadronic resonances typically focus on high-mass spectra due to overwhelming QCD backgrounds and detector trigger rates. We present a study of searches for relatively low-mass hadronic resonances at the LHC in the case that the resonance is boosted by recoiling against a well-measured high-${p}_{\mathrm{T}}$ probe such as a muon, photon or jet. The hadronic decay of the resonance is then reconstructed either as a single large-radius jet or as a resolved pair of standard narrow-radius jets, balanced in transverse momentum to the probe. We show that the existing 2015 LHC data set of $pp$ collisions with $\ensuremath{\int}\mathcal{L}dt=4\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ should already have powerful sensitivity to a generic ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ model which couples only to quarks, for ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ masses ranging from $20\char21{}500\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{\mathrm{c}}^{2}$.
Money and Totality: A Macro-Monetary Interpretation of Marx's Logic in Capital and the End of the 'Transformation Problem'

AbstractThis article is an introduction to the main points of my recent book by the same title. As the title suggests, the book is a reexamination of the logical method employed by Marx in his theory of capitalism in Capital, especially as related to the long-standing controversy over the so-called transformation problem, according to which Marx’s theory of prices of production in Volume 3 of Capital is supposed to be logically inconsistent with this theory of value and surplus value in Volume 1. This criticism has been the main reason for rejecting Marx’s theory over the last century. My book argues that, if Marx’s logical method is correctly understood, then his theory of prices of production in Volume 3 is logically consistent, and there is no transformation problem in Marx’s theory. The book argues that there are two main aspects of Marx’s logical method that are especially relevant to the transformation problem, and I characterize these two aspects in modern economic terms as macroeconomic and moneta...
HIV-negative male couples' attitudes about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and using PrEP with a sexual agreement.

ABSTRACTOne efficacious strategy to help prevent HIV is oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a daily regimen of antiretroviral treatment taken by HIV-negative individuals. Two of the recommendations of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for PrEP pertain to being in a relationship (i.e., male couples). Despite the recognition of how primary partners in male couples’ relationships shape HIV risk and CDC’s PrEP guidelines, there is a paucity of data that examine HIV-negative male couples’ attitudes toward PrEP use and using PrEP with a sexual agreement. A sexual agreement is an explicit agreement made between two individuals about what sex and other related behaviors may occur within and outside of their relationship. In this qualitative study, we examine HIV-negative male couples’ attitudes toward PrEP use and whether they thought PrEP could be integrated into a sexual agreement. Data for this study are drawn from couple-level interviews conducted in 2014 with 29 HIV-negative male ...
Rheology of columnar-grained ice

Creep of columnar-grained ice, under uniaxial compressive force normal to the columns, is shown to be composed of an instantaneous elastic response followed by a delayed elastic and viscous deformation. Both the delayed elastic and viscous strains are shown to have equal activation energies. Thus, this ice can be considered as a thermorheologically simple material with a nonlinear stress dependence. A simple phenomenological relationship has been developed that can be used for further analysis of the creep compliance function presented in a normalized form.
Atmospheric pressure laser-induced acoustic desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry for analysis of saturated hydrocarbons.

We present atmospheric pressure laser-induced acoustic desorption chemical ionization (AP/LIAD-CI) with O2 carrier/reagent gas as a powerful new approach for the analysis of saturated hydrocarbon mixtures. Nonthermal sample vaporization with subsequent chemical ionization generates abundant ion signals for straight-chain, branched, and cycloalkanes with minimal or no fragmentation. [M – H]+ is the dominant species for straight-chain and branched alkanes. For cycloalkanes, M+• species dominate the mass spectrum at lower capillary temperature ( 200 °C). The mass spectrum for a straight-chain alkane mixture (C21–C40) shows comparable ionization efficiency for all components. AP/LIAD-CI produces molecular weight distributions similar to those for gel permeation chromatography for polyethylene polymers, Polywax 500 and Polywax 655. Coupling of the technique to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) for the analysis of complex hydrocar...
Patterned Polymeric Multilayered Assemblies through Hydrogen Bonding and Metal Coordination

Patterned polymeric multilayered assemblies were formed using a combination of metal coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions. We proved that the hydrogen bonding interaction between diamidopyridine and thymine can be employed for polymeric multilayer assemblies. We then combined this strategy along with a second supramolecular interaction, metal coordination. These interactions proved to be orthogonal to one another on the surface, making each discrete region individually responsive to external stimuli.
Study on the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction effective constituents from Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum

The feasibility was discussed that adopting SCF-CO_2 to extract effective constituent(piceid,resveratrol and emodin)from Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum.Extracting effective constituents by SCF-CO_2 was studied under varying extraction conditions and different pretreatments.The effect of factors on SCF-CO_2 was examined respectively, and the best extraction conditions are obtained.
Recruitment of young adults for weight gain prevention: randomized comparison of direct mail strategies

Recruiting young adults (ages 18–35 years) into weight gain prevention intervention studies is challenging and men are particularly difficult to reach. This paper describes two studies designed to improve recruitment for a randomized trial of weight gain prevention interventions. Study 1 used a quasi-experimental design to test the effect of two types of direct mailings on their overall reach. Study 2 used a randomized design to test the effect of using targeted messages to increase recruitment of men into the trial. For Study 1, 60,000 male and female young-adult households were randomly assigned to receive either a recruitment brochure or postcard. Visits to recruitment websites during each mailing period were used to assess response to each mailing. Study 2 focused on postcard recruitment only. These households received either a targeted or generic recruitment postcard, where targeted postcards included the word “Men” in the headline text. Response rates to each type of card were categorized based on participant report of mailing received. The reach of the postcards and brochures were similar (421 and 386 website visits, respectively; P = 0.22). Individuals who received the brochure were more likely to initiate the online screener than those who received a postcard (P = 0.01). In Study 2, of those who completed the telephone screening, 60.9 % of men (n = 23) had received the targeted postcard as compared to the generic postcard (39.1 %, P = 0.30). The reverse was true for women (n = 62, 38.7 vs. 61.3 %, P = 0.08). These studies suggest there was little difference in the reach of postcards versus brochures. However, recipients of brochures were more likely to continue to the next stage of study participation. As expected, men’s response to the weight gain prevention messages was lower than women’s response; but using targeted messages appears to have modestly increased the proportion of male respondents. These studies add to the limited experimental literature on recruitment messaging and provide further indication for using targeted messages to reach underrepresented populations while providing initial evidence on the effect of mailing type on message reach. The Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT01183689 ) on 13 August 2010.
Causal Effect Estimation in Sequencing Studies: A Bayesian Method to Account for Confounder Adjustment Uncertainty

Estimating the causal effect of a single nucleotide variant (SNV) on clinical phenotypes is of interest in many genetic studies. The effect estimation may be confounded by other SNVs as a result of linkage disequilibrium as well as demographic and clinical characteristics. Because a large number of these other variables, which we call potential confounders, are collected, it is challenging to select and adjust for the variables that truly confound the causal effect. The Bayesian adjustment for confounding (BAC) method has been proposed as a general method to estimate the average causal effect in the presence of a large number of potential confounders under the assumption of no unmeasured confounders. In this paper, we explore the application of BAC in genetic studies using Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 exome sequencing data. Our results show that BAC can efficiently estimate the causal effect of genetic variants with adjustment for confounding. Consequently, BAC may serve as a useful tool for genome-wide association studies data analysis to effectively assess the causal effect of genetic variants and the impact of potential interventions.
An Empirical Investigation of the Task Specific Relative Strenghts of Selected Accounting and Information Systems Diagramming Techniques

The creation of a properly descriptive information systems model is essential to system development. In turn, the choice of a diagramming technique is critical to the success of the model building effort. This begs the question of diagramming efficacy. Does diagramming work well as a systems modeling tool? If so, which techniques are best? This paper provides an empirical basis for answering these questions.The investigation described in the paper consists of an examination of the degree of task specific relative strength among various techniques consisting of Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), Process Maps (PM), Flowcharts (FC), Resources, Events, and Agents Diagram (READ), and Unified Modeling Language Activity Diagram (UMLAD).Experimental results indicated that UMLAD was superior in process analysis when compared to other techniques, the READ technique was superior in database modeling when compared to other techniques, and DFD was superior in data analysis when compared to other techniques.
Reflections on Diabetes Editorship (2012-2016).

Time has come again for the “changing of the guard,” which has occurred every 3–5 years since the journal’s inception in 1952. The new, and 13th, editorial team began overseeing new submissions to Diabetes on 1 July 2016 and now officially takes the helm with this issue. As I profoundly thank my editorial colleagues for their remarkable contributions and collegiality, I also wish the best to the new editorial team led by Dr. Martin G. Myers Jr. (University of Michigan). The transition has been a smooth one, thanks to the American Diabetes Association’s (ADA’s) editorial office staff in Indianapolis, IN, and the ADA’s production team in Alexandria, VA. One of the most important pillars of scientific advancement is the integrity of the peer-review system. As journal editors, we strive to ensure that we are selecting the best science from among numerous submissions being considered for publication. We are only able to accomplish this by relying on a vast number of investigators representing multiple areas of diabetes research who regularly offer their valuable time …
Cytocompatible Catalyst-Free Photodegradable Hydrogels for Light-Mediated RNA Release To Induce hMSC Osteogenesis

Macroscopic hydrogels provide valuable platforms for controlling the release of genetic materials such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) for biomedical applications. However, after these hydrogels are formed, it is challenging to alter the release rate of genetic materials. In this report, a Michael addition catalyst-free photodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel system has been developed that provides an active means of controlling the release of genetic materials postgelation using external UV light application. Photodegradation of photolabile linkages in the hydrogel network changes the hydrogel physiochemical properties such as swelling and degradation rate, augmenting the release rate of loaded genetic materials. In the absence of UV light, RNAs were released in a sustained fashion from both photodegradable and nonphotodegradable hydrogels. In contrast, RNA release rate from the photodegradable hydrogels was accelerated via UV light application, whereas it was not...
Using Robot Manipulation to Assist Navigation by People Who Are Blind or Low Vision

This work explores the capability of bi-directional manipulation during assistance to blind or low vision users. We describe a haptic approach that utilizes the manipulator arm to support interaction and provide navigational information supplemented with landmarks and spatial cues to users.
The Effects of Young Adult-Dependent Coverage and Contraception Mandates on Young Women

This research investigates two features of the Affordable Care Act that especially affect young adults, the young adult-dependent coverage (YAD) mandate and the requirement to cover contraception (CM). Both mandates were first enacted at the state level but have been studied only in isolation. We estimate a wide range of models allowing these mandates to have joint effects on insurance coverage, health-care access, health outcomes and fertility. We provide new evidence that helps settle the mixed findings from past state-level YAD and CM research and suggests the two mandates may combine to improve the well-being of young adults. (JEL I18, I12, H75)
Accountable Care Organizations in the Affordable Care Act

On March 23, 2010, Section 3022 of the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act (PPACA or ACA) established the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP). The MSSP depends on Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) to coordinate care for large groups of Medicare beneficiaries and reduce their overall costs while maintaining quality.' ACOs are a critical part of the PPACA. If they succeed, they could be a model of care coordination critical to cost reductions, quality improvements, and expanded access to care both within and beyond the Medicare program.2 Their failure would not bode well for the wide array of pilot programs promoted and funded by the PPACA.3 Seton Hall was the first law school to host a conference on
Comparative analysis of conventional switched reluctance machines and mutually coupled switched reluctance machines

This paper presents a comparative analysis of conventional switched reluctance machines (SRMs) and mutually coupled switched reluctance machines (MCSRMs) in terms of inductance profiles, torque profiles, the average torque, and the maximum torque. Four 3-phase, 12/8 SRMs including the conventional SRM, the short-pitched MCSRM, the fractionally-pitched MCSRM, and the fully-pitched MCSRM are evaluated. Compared to the conventional SRM, the MCSRMs can be driven by the three-phase standard voltage source converter and work in bipolar, two-phase excitation mode. In the bipolar, two-phase excitation mode, the fully-pitched MCSRM has the highest maximum and average torque production compared to the short-pitched MCSRM and the fractionally-pitched MCSRM.
EPR imaging investigations of glass epoxy composite materials and tracer diffusion in ceramics

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of flaws and defects in non-metallic materials including polymers, ceramics, semiconductors and composites is important for scientists and engineers involved in a wide variety of applications. Magnetic resonance techniques are potentially powerful tools for this purpose. The ability to map out details of internal structure in a noninvasive manner using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has revolutionized diagnostic medicine. Some of the same benefits are realizable for the NDE of solid materials using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and EPR Imaging (EPRI) [1]. This technique has the potential to yield three-dimensional images of manufacturing defects and damage sites in nearly any non-metallic solid.
Sarcoma of the uterus

S ARCOMA of the uterus is much Iess frequent than carcinoma. According to ZacherI,’ carcinoma outnumbers sarcoma by 40 to I, and Evans2 reported 22 sarcomata and 873 carcinomata in studies of the statistics of the Mayo Clinic from 1910 to 1919. Norris3 concluded that carcinomata are from 20 to 50 times as frequent as sarcomata of the uterus. Uterine sarcomata are reIativeIy more frequent in earIy Iife than carcinomata. Sarcoma botryoides is occasionaIIy seen in infants and young girIs. However, most sarcomata deveIop at from thirty-five to fifty years of age. Lynch reported a case of sarcoma of’ the uterus in a woman -seventy years of ag<. Sarcomata may be cIassified into those originating from the’endometrium and the myometrium. The most frequent variety is that originating in’ fibroids, aIthough occasionaIIy they originate primariIy in the muscufature-of the uterus and cervix. Some authorities fee1 that this transition from fibroids to sarcoma is rare, whiIe others think that sarcoma deveIops in IO per cent of fibroids. The frequency with which sarcomata are found in fibroids is in proportion to the care with which they are sectioned. If every fibroid tumor was carefully sectioned, a much Iarger percentage of sarcomata wouId be found than if the examination was made more superficiaIly. Winter4 reported 4.3 per cent sarcomatous change in 352 fibroid tumors which were systematicaIIy examined. Sarcoma aIso arises from the mucosa of the uterine body and from the mucosa of the cervix. The former is usuaIIy a large, soft tumor which extends into the uterine muscIe and sometimes into the peritoneum. At other times it is a Iarge poIypoid tumor which fiIIs the uterine cavity and extends through the cervica1 OS, as a Iarge sloughing, bIeeding mass. The more common form of sarcoma arises from the cervicaI mucosa and is named sarcoma botryoides, first described by Spiegelberg. It is a growth occurring in infants and smaI1 chiIdren and Iess commonly in aduIts, is extremeIy malignant, and grows very rapidIy. It begins as a group of smaI1 poIypoid tumors which rapidIy muItipIy unti1 the growth protrudes from the cervix, fiIIs the vagina, and may protrude from the vuIvar orifice. As a resuIt of erosion and infection, hemorrhage and necrosis are common comphcations.
The cranial nerve vascular compression syndrome: I. A review of treatment

The author reviews current literature on microvascular decompression (MVD) for treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN), which shows that MVD is an effective treatment for these disorders. Although there are treatments for TN other than MVD that demonstrate a high rate of success, MVD is the only effective long-term treatment for HFS. MVD is also an effective treatment for glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN), and recently MVD has been shown to be an effective treatment for particular types of vertigo (disabling positional vertigo, DPV) and certain types of tinnitus.
Recent advances in antiviral interferon-stimulated gene biology.

The interferon response protects cells from invading viral pathogens by transcriptionally inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), some of which encode effectors with varied antiviral functions. As screening technologies improve and mouse model development quickens, more ISGs are continually being identified, characterized mechanistically, and evaluated for protective roles in vivo . This review highlights selected recent findings of ISG effectors that contribute to our understanding of the interferon antiviral response.
Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation

Abstract Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is the predominant hormone regulating urine concentration. Its primary role is to increase water reabsorption from the connecting tubule through the collecting duct. AVP is produced in the hypothalamus, stored in the posterior pituitary, and released as a result of stimulation of osmoreceptors or baroreceptors. Normal circulating levels of AVP approximate 1 pM in humans and rodents. There are three subtypes of the vasopressin receptor (V1a, V1b, and V2). In general, V1 receptors are coupled to phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI-3K) signaling and calcium release, while V2 receptors are coupled both to the generation of cyclic AMP and mobilization of intracellular calcium. In addition to water, AVP regulates renal chloride, bicarbonate, and potassium reabsorption via specific transporters, exchangers, and channels. Vasopressin actions in the kidney have also been shown to regulate glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, nitric oxide generation, and blood pressure in human animal model systems.
Barriers to healthcare among Muslim women: A narrative review of the literature

Abstract Background Islam is the world's fastest growing religion and is projected to be the world's most popular religion by the end of the century. The growing population and increased mobility among Muslims make certain that healthcare providers anywhere will encounter Muslim patients in their clinical practice. The intersection of religion, culture, and gender for Muslim women has unique implications for their healthcare provision but remains understudied. Method We conducted this narrative review of the literature to describe the known barriers for Muslim women in accessing and receiving high quality healthcare, with an emphasis on what individual providers may do to heighten cultural awareness and sensitivity. Results Potential barriers discussed include modesty and privacy among Muslim women, gender preference for providers, family involvement in care, fatalism and predestination, maintaining religious practices during illness, low health literacy and language proficiency, preference for traditional remedies, fear of stereotype and discrimination, and limited healthcare access. Specific advice is included for healthcare providers. Conclusions When caring for Muslim women, healthcare providers' awareness of common barriers to effective care and methods of addressing them is valuable. Additionally, an appreciation of the diversity of religious practices, health beliefs, and preferences of Muslim women and their families will enable providers to engage this population with effective and culturally competent care.
ColorMod: Demonstration of Recoloring 3D Printed Objects using Photochromic Inks

Recent research has shown how to change the color of existing objects using photochromic materials. These materials can switch their appearance from transparent to colored when exposed to light of a certain wavelength. The color remains active even when the object is removed from the light source. The process is fully reversible allowing users to recolor the object as many times as they want. So far, these systems were limited to single color changes (i.e. transparent to colored). We present ColorMod, a method to accomplish multi-color changes (e.g., red-to-yellow). We achieve this using a multi-color pattern with one color per voxel across the surface of the object. When recoloring the object, our system locally activates only those voxels that have the desired color and turns all other voxels off.
Binding Energy of the Excitonic Molecule

The binding energy of the excitonic molecule, a complex consisting of two electrons and two holes, has been determined as a function of $\ensuremath{\sigma}$, the ratio of the mass of the electron to that of the hole. We find the binding energy of the excitonic molecule in Si to be 0.63 meV, as compared with the experimental result of \ensuremath{\le}2 meV. Our analysis also predicts that the excitonic molecules should also be observed in a wide variety of crystals for which $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ does not lie in the range $0.2\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\le}0.4$.
In pursuit of mobile prey: Martu hunting strategies and archaeofaunal interpretation

By integrating foraging models developed in behavioral ecology with measures of variability in faunal remains, zooarchaeological studies have made important contributions toward understanding prehistoric resource use and the dynamic interactions between humans and their prey. However, where archaeological studies are unable to quantify the costs and benefits associated with prey acquisition, they often rely on proxy measures such as prey body size, assuming it to be positively correlated with return rate. To examine this hypothesis, we analyze the results of 1,347 adult foraging bouts and 649 focal follows of contemporary Martu foragers in Australia's Western Desert. The data show that prey mobility is highly correlated with prey body size and is inversely related to pursuit success—meaning that prey body size is often an inappropriate proxy measure of prey rank. This has broad implications for future studies that rely on taxonomic measures of prey abundance to examine prehistoric human ecology, including but not limited to economic intensification, socioeconomic complexity, resource sustainability, and overexploitation.
Primary carcinoid tumor of the parotid gland: A case report and review of the literature.

Salivary gland tumors account for 3 to 6% of all head and neck neoplasms in adults. Some 70 to 85% of these lesions are found in the parotid. Carcinoid tumors, which represent a distinct and relatively uncommon subset of neuroendocrine tumors, are most commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract, although in rare cases they are known to occur in extragastrointestinal locations, including the larynx, middle ear, and pancreas. Malignancies of the parotid gland are uncommon (approximately 25% of parotid neoplasms), and to the best of our knowledge, a primary carcinoid tumor of the parotid has not been previously described in the literature. Reports of parotid carcinoid tumors during the past 30 years have described the presence of nonparotid primary carcinoid tumors (usually gastrointestinal) that had been diagnosed and treated several years prior to the presentation of the parotid lesion. Under such circumstances, the parotid lesion may be assumed to have been a metastatic rather than a primary carcinoid. This report documents what we believe is the first case of a primary carcinoid tumor of the parotid gland. We detail the clinical, surgical, radiologic, immunologic, and histochemical findings associated with its diagnosis, and we describe our management of this case. Although a primary carcinoid in this location is exquisitely rare, knowledge of such lesions is important because their management is substantially different from that of other parotid tumors. In particular, it is important to differentiate them from metastatic tumors from other sites.
Symptoms of temporomandibular disorder, self-reported bruxism, and the risk of implant failure: A retrospective analysis.

To investigate the association between symptoms of temporomandibular disorder and self-reported bruxism with the risk of implant failure.This retrospective study is based on 2127 records of patient...
The Second Moment of the Markovian Reward Process

In this note an m-state aperiodic irreducible Markov Chain is considered with an associated reward matrix. Expressions for the second moment of Sn, the accumulated reward in n transitions, have been obtained using elementary methods. These provide an alternative computational method compared to methods using the eigen value structure. Asmyptotic forms are also considered.
Psycho-Social Factors in Alcoholism

The museums of alcohology are crowded with many a triptych illustrating the tripartite significance of psychological, sociological, and biological determinants of problem drinking. The picture varies only insofar as to the degree of emphasis given to any of these variables and depending upon the Zeitgeist and the special persuasion of the exhibitor certain portions of the picture are prominently displayed while others may be partially hidden or totally obscured. Simplistic reification of the idea that psycho-social factors are important in the genesis and perpetuation of alcohol related illness is a mundane exercise. The task of specialists working within sociological and psychological disciplines is not merely to persuade sceptics of the relevance of their notions but to provide good working hypotheses and techniques to test them.
RECTOVAGINAL FISTULAS: Therapeutic Options

Rectovaginal fistulas (RVF) are abnormal, epithelium-lined communications between the rectum and vagina, accounting for approximately 5% of anorectal fistulas. 31 Although uncommon, they cause considerable distress to the patient because the symptoms are socially disabling. Difficulties in treatment and oft-repeated failures challenge the patient's perseverance and the surgeon's skill. The following discussion on the etiology, evaluation, and classification of RVF will help to facilitate decision making in the management of this disease.
The Body's Need for Nutrients: Dietary Supply

The first and the most basic need of the body is energy. The potential energy inherent in food is a source of energy. The potential energy value of food is bound in the chemical bonds of the elements in three major or macronutrients: (1) carbohydrates, (2) fats, and (3) proteins. This energy can be released only by complex enzyme systems that contain vitamins and mineral elements. The interrelated metabolic behavior of the major nutrients clearly implies that dietary manipulation in the ratio of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins may have far-reaching effects upon the metabolism and function of the body. This chapter provides an overview of the three major nutrients—carbohydrates, fats, and protein—and their role as the sources of energy for human body. Food, the recognized sole source of nutrients, must undergo many changes before the nutrients are made available to the cells for utilization. The four basic steps in the release and utilization of nutrients are (1) ingestion or taking food into the body, (2) digestion or release of nutrients from the food, (3) absorption or the process in which the end products of digestion pass through the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, and (4) transport of the nutrients by the blood to all body cells for ultimate utilization. The chapter also presents an analysis on the digestibility of food. It also reviews the potential energy value of diets and the factors that affect the energy value of foods.
Socially Interactive Robots Can Teach Young Students Language Skills; a Systematic Review

The goal of this systematic review is to consider whether social factors of robots allow the robots to be socially interactive language learning assistants for young students in the classroom. A total of 443 articles were found. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 empirical studies in which a robot assisted children in preschool through elementary school on their language skills were analyzed. This review discusses to which areas of language learning robots have been applied and how the social interaction of the robot influences student learning behaviors and outcomes. The results of this paper indicate that robots have capabilities that are useful for instructing students in oral language skills because of their socially interactive nature. There is room for this social dynamic to be researched further in the human factors and human robot interaction fields.
Two-Year Incidence of Retinal Intervention in Patients With Minimal or No Diabetic Retinopathy on Telemedicine Screening.

Importance Most patients with diabetes have little or no retinopathy on initial examination. Tracking the long-term outcomes of these patients may increase our understanding of how to best provide follow-up treatment. Objective To assess how many patients with minimal or no retinopathy require retinal intervention within 2 years of retinal evaluation. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study assessed patients who underwent screening for diabetic retinopathy within a telemedicine program at Kaiser Permanente Southern California and had minimal or no retinopathy on fundus photographs. Exposure Retinal interventions performed within 2 years of photographs. Main Outcomes and Measures Patients with minimal or no retinopathy on initial screening photographs taken in 2012 had their medical records searched forCurrent Procedural Terminologycodes for intravitreal injections, retinal lasers, or pars plana vitrectomy. The medical records of patients identified as having received these interventions within 2 years of retinal evaluation were then manually reviewed for further characterization. Results Diabetic retinopathy screening photographs were taken for 116 134 patients (mean [SD] age, 58 [12.8] years; 54 582 [47.0%] female; 46 453 [40.0%] Latino). Of these patients, 79 445, including 69 634 patients without retinopathy and 9811 patients with minimal retinopathy, had 2 years of follow-up. Eleven patients without baseline retinopathy required treatment of diabetic retinopathy in the following 2 years (1 of 12 660 or 0.000079 patients per year), and 11 patients with minimal retinopathy required intervention during the same period (1 of 1784 or 0.000561 patients per year). In addition, retinal interventions were performed for conditions not directly related to diabetic eye disease in 44 patients without baseline retinopathy (1 of 3165 or 0.000316 patients per year) and 5 patients with minimal retinopathy at baseline (1 of 3924 or 0.000255 patients per year). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that it is rare for patients with minimal or no baseline retinopathy to require retinal interventions in the 2 years after retinal evaluation. It appears that extending the recommended follow-up interval for low-risk patients may be reasonable as long as this does not lead to worse follow-up in later years, because most are unlikely to have vision-threatening disease that necessitates treatment.
Residential Services and Independent Living

Helping people with psychiatric disabilities to choose and maintain safe and affordable housing is an important goal of psychiatric rehabilitation practitioners and one of its toughest challenges. Where we live is an integral part of our lives. Having a satisfactory home that we are generally content with and where we feel safe and secure has a positive impact on the quality of our lives. Residing in a place where we are uncomfortable and where our safety and security may be threatened is very stressful and has a negative impact on our sense of well-being and quality of life.
Family history of premature myocardial infarction modifies the associations between bilateral oophorectomy and cardiovascular disease mortality in a US national cohort of postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that a family history of premature myocardial infarction (FHPMI) will modify the associations between bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and mortality due to heart disease (HD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), or all-cause mortality with stronger associations observed for BSO occurring before 45 years. METHODS We analyzed data from 2,763 postmenopausal women aged 40 years or older who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) and were followed through December 31, 2015. Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality outcomes (HD, CVD, and all-cause). RESULTS At baseline, the average age was 62 years. There were 610 women with BSO, 338 women with FHPMI, and 95 women with both BSO and FHPMI. During a median follow-up of 22 years, 1,713 deaths occurred of which 395 and 542 were attributed to HD and CVD, respectively. In models adjusting for CVD risk factors and hormone therapy use, HD mortality was greater among women with both BSO and FHPMI compared to those without either of these conditions (HR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.72-4.82, PInteraction = 0.016). HD mortality was higher among women with FHPMI and BSO at an earlier age (<45 y: HR: 4.32, 95% CI: 1.95-9.50 vs ≥45 y: HR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.63-4.09). Similar observations were seen for CVD and all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the risk of HD, CVD, and all-cause mortality in women with BSO was modified by an FHPMI with the risk limited to women undergoing BSO at younger ages.
Alcances y limitaciones regulatorias ante la precarización global del trabajo.

espanolResumen:El presente trabajo busca problematizar las aperturas y limitaciones de diferentes iniciativas regulatorias sobre el trabajo en el mundo contemporaneo. Tales iniciativas evidencian colisiones con una serie de aspectos formales -como restricciones coercitivas- y facticos -como negociaciones de vestibulo o lobby- que reducen su efectividad. Para tales efectos se revisan algunos antecedentes teoricos y practicos en materia de regulacion laboral. Las conclusiones apuntan a la necesidad ―y oportunidad― de explorar algunas alternativas de resolucion, tales como la defensa de la huelga, la promocion e instauracion de la renta basica universal y el control obrero de la produccion. EnglishAbstract: This paper seeks to problematize the openings and limitations of different labor regulatory initiatives in the contemporary world. Such initiatives show collisions with a series of formal aspects - such as coercive restrictions - and factual ones - such as lobbying - that reduce its effectiveness. For this purpose, some theoretical and practical background issues on labor regulation are reviewed. The conclusions point to the need ― and opportunity― to explore some resolution alternatives, such as the defense of the strike, the promotion and introduction of the universal basic income, and workers’ control of production.
Comparison of mid-term graft patency in common femoral versus superficial femoral artery inflow for infra-geniculate bypass in the vascular quality initiative.

ObjectivesThe superficial femoral artery can be used as inflow for infra-geniculate bypass, but progressive proximal occlusive disease may affect graft durability. We sought to evaluate the effect ...
Developing Engaging Remote Laboratory Activities for a Nonmajors Chemistry Course During COVID-19

The global COVID-19 pandemic required science educators to rapidly redesign their courses to instruct, support, and motivate students in a new remote learning environment. This adjustment was particularly challenging for courses with a laboratory component, where beakers and pipettes were exchanged for computer screens and keyboards. We present our experiences with developing and teaching remote laboratory activities for a nonmajors chemistry course with an emphasis on biological molecules. Our strategies for engaging student connection and interest during remote instruction focused on both the scientific content and instructional design of the laboratory exercises. After transforming four in-person experiments into remote exercises, we developed two new virus-themed activities that were directly relevant to students’ experiences with the global pandemic. Instructional methods for teaching remote laboratories sustained students’ participation in a collaborative learning community during a time of educational disruption and personal separation. Evidence regarding student learning is provided by an anonymous end-of-semester survey, which reveals that students particularly valued the laboratory activities that connected their learning to COVID-19.
Abstract 12759: Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of T1 Mapping and Extracellular Volume by Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Meta-analysis

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is central to the evaluation of cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Native T1 mapping and extracellular volume (ECV) are novel CMR techniques with evolvin...