cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeled global invasive potential of Asian gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar

Asian populations of gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), remain poorly characterized - indeed, they are not presently accorded any formal taxonomic status within the broader species. Their ecology is similarly largely uncharacterized in the literature, except by assumption that it will resemble that of European populations. We developed ecological niche models specific to Asian populations of the species, which can in turn be used to identify a potential geographic distributional area for the species. We demonstrated statistically significant predictivity of distributional patterns within the East Asian range of these populations; projecting the Asian ecological niche model to Europe, correspondence with European distributions was generally good, although some differences may exist; projecting the ecological niche model globally, we characterized a likely potential invasive distribution of this set of populations across the temperate zone of both Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
Cognitive bias in inpatient pediatrics.

The contribution of cognitive bias toward diagnostic error has been well documented.1–7 Previous research exploring the effects of these cognitive pitfalls centers on examples from internal and emergency medicine, but it is fair to presume that pediatric hospitalists remain equally vulnerable to such cognitive error.8 To improve the overall awareness of cognitive bias within inpatient pediatrics, we present 2 cases that serve to illustrate some of the many cognitive biases a pediatrician may encounter in inpatient practice. We conclude with strategies to avoid the effects of cognitive bias on diagnostic accuracy. A 3-year-old male with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department (ED) with 11 days of a limp and 10 days of fever. His review of systems was otherwise positive for intermittent abdominal pain, increased loose stool, and a 3-pound weight loss. On examination, he had no point tenderness or swelling or erythema over either extremity; results of his neurologic examination were normal. The patient’s laboratory work was significant for a white blood cell count of 18.9 × 103/ μ L, hemoglobin of 10.8 g/dL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 65 mm/h, and C-reactive protein of 51.5 mg/L. Given the patient’s fever, limp, and elevated inflammatory markers, the inpatient team began an evaluation for osteomyelitis. A bone scan was positive in the area of the left lateral femoral condyle, and a follow-up MRI revealed inflammatory changes in the medial femoral metaphysis and epiphysis. He was diagnosed with osteomyelitis and was discharged from the hospital on intravenous antibiotics. Two weeks later, the patient presented with worsening abdominal pain, loose stool, and continued elevation in his inflammatory markers. A colonoscopy was performed and revealed evidence of Crohn’s disease. On review, the inflammatory changes seen previously on the MRI were consistent with chronic recurrent multifocal …
Mothers' Typical and Event-Specific Positive Expressions Influence Children's Memory for Events.

Mothers (N=67) taught their preschool children crafts while varying emotional expressions (delight, irritation). Mothers’ typical expressive styles were assessed by questionnaire. After three weeks, children's memory was assessed with a free-recall interview followed by re-enactment of craft-making with an interviewer. Children of mothers high in positive expressiveness had more elaborate recall when mothers expressed delight rather than irritation. Children of mothers low in positive expressiveness re-enacted more event details when their mothers were less varied in expression rather than expressive of emotion in general or delight in particular, and had more elaborate recall when their mothers expressed irritation rather than delight. Findings suggest that children remember more when their mother's emotional expressions during an event fit her typical style.
Immunologic and viral markers of HIV-1 disease progression: implications for dentistry.

Background Current medical care for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, or HIV-1, involves monitoring laboratory assays for CD4+ lymphocyte cell count and plasma viral load.
Heterogeneous integration of DC-DC power converters

To achieve the highest power conversion efficiency, heterogeneous chip-scale integration of silicon-based and GaN-based power switches with SiC power diodes, silicon CMOS control IC, MEMS inductor and micro microchip supercapacitor assembled using advanced packaging and microcooling is reported.
Free vibration analysis of non-rotating and rotating Timoshenko beams with damaged boundaries using the Chebyshev collocation method

Abstract This paper proposes a new numerical technique for the free vibration analysis of non-rotating and rotating Timoshenko beams with damaged boundaries. For this purpose, the Chebyshev collocation method is applied to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The damaged boundaries of the Timoshenko beam are represented by distributed translational and torsional springs. In the present study the boundary conditions are coupled with the governing equation to formulate the eigenvalue problem.
An Integrative Framework for Collaborative Governance

Collaborative governance draws from diverse realms of practice and research in public administration. This article synthesizes and extends a suite of conceptual frameworks, research findings, and practice-based knowledge into an integrative framework for collaborative governance. The framework specifies a set of nested dimensions that encompass a larger system context, a collaborative governance regime, and its internal collaborative dynamics and actions that can generate impacts and adaptations across the systems. The framework provides a broad conceptual map for situating and exploring components of cross-boundary governance systems that range from policy or programbased intergovernmental cooperation to place-based regional collaboration with nongovernmental stakeholders to public-private partnerships. The framework integrates knowledge about individual incentives and barriers to collection action, collaborative social learning and conflict resolution processes, and institutional arrangements for cross-boundary collaboration. It is presented as a general framework that might be applied to analyses at different scales, in different policy arenas, and varying levels of complexity. The article also offers 10 propositions about the dynamic interactions among components within the framework and concludes with a discussion about the implications of the framework for theory, research, evaluation, and practice.
Multiway tachyarrhythmia detection algorithm

An important problem for the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is to discriminate ventricular tachycardia (VT) from superventricular tachycardia (SVT), and these arrhythmias from normal sinus rhythm (NSR). The authors present a new multiway sequential hypothesis testing (MSHT) algorithm for simultaneous discrimination of VT, SVT, and NSR. The MSHT algorithm allows explicit specification of false positive and false negative error rates, and a tradeoff between detection time and tolerable error levels. Endocardial atrial and ventricular recordings were obtained from 30 patients, and 17, 8, and 12 episodes of VT, SVT, and NSR, respectively, were evaluated. The error rates were selected so that all the rhythms were accurately discriminated and detection tests never took longer than 8 s for SVT-VT discrimination with average discrimination detection times of 2.9, 4.3, and 1.7 s for NSR, SVT, and VT, respectively. The algorithm discriminated the three rhythms with a sensitivity of 0.95 and specificity of 0.97. >
The 104–123 Amino Acid Sequence of the β-domain of von Hippel-Lindau Gene Product Is Sufficient to Inhibit Renal Tumor Growth and Invasion

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is mutated in patients with VHL disease and in the majority of patients with sporadic renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). RCCs are dependent on insulin-like growth factor-I receptor-mediated signaling for tumor growth and invasion in vivo . Reintroduction of the VHL gene product (pVHL) can inhibit on insulin-like growth factor-I receptor-mediated signaling in RCC cells in vitro through interaction with protein kinase C δ and is mediated by a specific amino acid sequence (104–123) in the β-domain of the pVHL. In the present study, the amino acid sequence (104–123) of the pVHL was conjugated to the protein transduction domain of HIV-TAT protein (TATFLAGVHL-peptide) to facilitate entry into cells, and we demonstrate that this amino acid region of VHL is sufficient to block proliferation and invasion of 786-O renal cancer cells in vitro . Furthermore, daily i.p. injections with the TATFLAGVHL peptide retarded and, in some cases, caused partial regression of renal tumors that were implanted in the dorsal flank of nude mice. Treatment with this peptide also inhibits the invasiveness of renal tumors. A 56% decrease in the proliferative index in tumors treated with the TATFLAGVHL-peptide versus control-peptide-treated mice was observed. Taken together, these results show the novel importance of a 20-amino acid sequence of the β-domain of the VHL gene product capable of inhibiting tumor growth and invasion. These results lay the foundation for a unique approach toward treating RCCs using this small-molecular-weight peptide fused to the TAT-sequence, which may, in the future, be used alone or in conjunction with other therapies.
Single-strand DNA molecule translocation through nanoelectrode gaps

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the translocation of single-strand DNA through nanoscale electrode gaps under the action of a constant driving force. The application behind this theoretical study is a proposal to use nanoelectrodes as a screening gap as part of a rapid genomic sequencing device. Preliminary results from a series of simulations using various gap widths and driving forces suggest that the narrowest electrode gap that a single-strand DNA can pass is ∼1.5 nm. The minimum force required to initiate the translocation within nanoseconds is ∼0. 3n N. Simulations using DNA segments of various lengths indicate that the minimum initiation force is insensitive to the length of DNA. However, the average threading velocity of DNA varies appreciably from short to long DNA segments. We attribute such variation to the different nature of drag force experienced by the short and long DNA segments in the environment. It is found that DNA molecules deform significantly to fit in the shape of the nanogap during the translocation.
DNA microsatellite analysis of sporophytes of the short-lived moss Physcomitrium pyriforme reveals a predominantly self-fertilizing mating pattern

Abstract Physcomitrium pyriforme (Funariaceae) is a monoicous moss with the potential for producing sporophytes either via outcrossing or intra-gametophytic self-fertilization. A core set of microsatellite markers was identified for use in population genetic studies of this species, and employed to ascertain its mating patterns. An initial collection of 88 sporophytes gathered from widely separated locations in a meadow in central Ohio, U.S.A. was screened for genetic uniformity based on trnL-F DNA sequences, and found to display considerable heterogeneity. Fifty-three members of the largest clearly defined clade were selected for genotyping at 6 variable microsatellite loci having expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.11 to 0.70. Fifty-two individuals (98.2%) were homozygous at all 6 loci, strongly indicative of self-fertilization. Only one individual (1.8%) appeared to be an outcrossed sporophyte, being heterozygous at 4 loci. Twenty-three samples that constituted a second well-marked clade displayed...
Design of a Full-Scale Impact System for Analysis of Vehicle Pedestrian Collisions

The complexity of vehicle-pedestrian collisions necessitates extensive validation of pedestrian computational models. While body components can be individually simulated, overall validation of human pedestrian models requires full-scale testing with post mortem human surrogates (PMHS). This paper presents the development of a full-scale pedestrian impact test plan and experimental design that will be used to perform PMHS tests to validate human pedestrian models. The test plan and experimental design is developed based on the analysis of a combination of literature review, multi-body modeling, and epidemiologic studies. The proposed system has proven effective in testing an anthropometrically correct rescue dummy in multiple instances. The success of these tests suggests the potential for success in a full-scale pedestrian impact test using a PMHS.
Developing Effective Salmonella-based Approaches to Treat Pancreatic Cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is predicted to have the second highest incidence of fatalities among all solid tumor malignancies worldwide. Despite three decades of research focused on treating PDAC, the five-year survival rate is less than 6%, thus leaving much room for improvement. Historically, PDAC has been difficult to treat due to the absence of early detection methods resulting in clinical disease that is significantly advanced and characterized by immunosuppression, an extreme form of fibrosis known as desmoplasia, and metastasis to vital organs [1]. Current chemotherapeutic combinations, such as gemcitabine with Abraxane, have been shown to extend patient survival; however, they only do so by two to three months [2]. The newly released irinotecan liposome injection tested in pancreatic cancer patients is, at best, equal in efficacy to gemcitabine with Abraxane [3-5]. The low efficacy and high toxicity of chemotherapy has lead to innovative new strategies using immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment of PDAC. For example, the whole pancreatic cancer cell vaccine expressing human macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), known as GVAX, combined with a Listeriabased vaccine expressing the PDAC antigen mesothelian (CRS-207) shows promise in extending survival evidenced by both pre-clinical and preliminary clinical data [6]. Furthermore, antibody therapies targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 have shown great benefit toward enhancing antitumor immunity resulting in tumor regression and extension of survival in other solid tumor models [7]. Despite these successes, there is a growing consensus that a “multipronged” approach to induce anti-tumor immunity and simultaneously targeting immune suppression and desmoplasia will have the greatest effect in eliminating PDAC. However, balancing such aggressive approaches with minimal toxicity to the patient will prove to be an incredibly daunting task.
Where are we going with CML research

The introduction of Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI; that is, imatinib, dasatinib and nilotinib) as front-line therapy completely changed the course of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) to the point that most of the TKI-responsive newly diagnosed CML patients can be considered 'clinically' cured and their progression into blast crisis (BC) a rare event. However, a therapy for those patients who transform is still lacking, and TKIs do not eradicate CML at the stem cell level, therefore leaving a reservoir of cancer stem cells in a dormant stage. Thus, it is not surprising that the focus of CML research has shifted significantly toward the dissection of the mechanisms regulating the survival and self-renewal of TKI-resistant Philadelphia-positive leukemic chronic phase and BC stem cells, with the ultimate goal of developing small molecules capable of selectively killing leukemic but not normal hematopoietic stem cells, thereby achieving a 'biological' cure for this disease.
Analogs in Luce's global psychophysical theory of Stevens's psychophysical regression effect.

This article is based on the magnitude production representation in Luce's (2004, 2011) global psychophysical theories for subjective intensity of both binary and unary continua. It is shown that the slopes of certain predicted linear relationships for magnitude production and estima- tion differ when, in the two procedures, the respondent-generated reference signals differ. This contrasts with Stevens's (1975) regression effect, which arises because the exponents of the psychophysical scale differs with procedural changes. Four experiments are suggested to evalu- ate these predictions, which, importantly, should be analyzed for individual respondents, not data averaged over respondents.
Spatially resolved energy transfer in patterned colloidal quantum dot heterostructures.

Spatial uniformity is a key consideration in high-resolution displays and light-emitting structures fabricated from colloidal quantum dots (QDs). We report spatially and spectrally resolved transient photoluminescence measurements of laterally patterned QD heterostructures. We show, using a microcontact printing technique, that spatially uniform energy transfer can be achieved in a QD donor–acceptor bilayer system, highlighting the promising potential of colloidal QDs as flexible photonic components in next-generation optoelectronic technologies.
Understanding the Leitmotif: From Wagner to Hollywood Film Music

The musical leitmotif, having reached a point of particular forcefulness in the music of Richard Wagner, has remained a popular compositional device up to the present day. In this book, Matthew Bribitzer-Stull explores the background and development of the leitmotif, from Wagner to the Hollywood adaptations of The Lord of The Rings and the Harry Potter series. Analyzing both concert music and film music, Bribitzer-Stull explains what the leitmotif is and establishes it as the union of two aspects: the thematic and the associative. He goes on to show that Wagner's Ring cycle provides a leitmotivic paradigm, a model from which we can learn to better understand the leitmotif across style periods. Arguing for a renewed interest in the artistic merit of the leitmotif, Bribitzer-Stull reveals how uniting meaning, memory, and emotion in music can lead to a richer listening experience and a better understanding of dramatic music's enduring appeal.
Folate Receptor a Immunohistochemistry in Cytology Specimens of Metastatic Breast Carcinoma

Folate receptor α (FRA) is involved in folate accumulation and utilization and is expressed in varying proportions in epithelial cells of breast, ovary, and parotid gland, among others. FRA overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been shown in estrogen (ER)/progesterone (PR)–negative carcinoma (40-74%) and in triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) (50-86%) in histologic specimens of …
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO ESTADO PELA INEFICIÊNCIA DA PRESTAÇÃO JURISDICIONAL

A sociedade organizada, ao proibir a autotutela, reservou ao Estado o dever da prestacao jurisdicional, a qual, para atender aos requisitos da plena cidadania, deve apresentar-se celere e efetiva. Enquanto repousa incontroversa a responsabilidade objetiva do Estado pela prestacao ineficiente de algum servico ou atividade que presta a sociedade, ainda se mostra timida a ideia que admite a responsabilidade estatal decorrente da atividade jurisdicional prestada de modo ineficiente e tardio. Clama o pensamento juridico coadunado com a nova ordem constitucional por posicoes coerentes diante da afronta que a morosidade judiciaria representa a plenitude da cidadania.
CT and IQ in HIV Disease

Measures of cognitive function and social-emotional behavior were correlated with CT abnormalities in 87 children with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease (HIV) at the Pediatric Branch, National Cancer Institute, and the NIND & S, Bethesda, MD; Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; and Medical Illness Counselling Center, Chevy Chase, MD.
Bayesian Approaches for Comparing Nonnested Models

Model comparison and model assessment are a crucial part of statistical analysis. Due to recent computational advances, sophisticated techniques for Bayesian model assessment are becoming increasingly popular. We have seen a recent surge in the statistical literature on Bayesian methods for model assessment and model comparison, including articles by George and McCulloch (1993), Madigan and Raftery (1994), Ibrahim and Laud (1994), Laud and Ibrahim (1995), Kass and Raftery (1995), Chib (1995), Chib and Greenberg (1998), Raftery, Madigan, and Volinsky (1995), George, McCulloch, and Tsay (1996), Raftery, Madigan, and Hooting (1997), Gelfand and Ghosh (1998), Clyde (1999), Sinha, Chen, and Ghosh (1999), Ibrahim, Chen, and Sinha (1998), Ibrahim and Chen (1998), Ibrahim, Chen, and MacEachern (1999), and Chen, Ibrahim, and Yiannoutsos (1999). The scope of Bayesian model comparison and model assessment is quite broad, and can be investigated via Bayes factors, model diagnostics, and goodness of fit measures. In many situations, one may want to compare several models which are not nested. In this particular context, we consider model comparison using marginal likelihood approaches, “super-model” or “sub-model” approaches, and criterion-based methods. The computational techniques involved in these three approaches will be addressed in detail. In addition, several important applications, including scale mixtures of multi-variate normal link models and Bayesian discretized scmiparametric models for interval-censored data, will be presented.
Ectopic Expression of Mer Receptor Tyrosine Kinase in Childhood T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Tyrosine kinases play an important role in normal cellular growth and differentiation. Deregulation of tyrosine kinase activity can result in cellular transformation leading to the development of human cancer. The Mer receptor tyrosine kinase, initially cloned from a human B lymphoblastoid cell line, is expressed in a spectrum of hematopoetic, epithelial, and mesenchymal cell lines. Interestingly, while the RNA transcript of Mer is detected in numerous T and B lymphoblastic cell lines, Mer RNA is not found in normal human thymocytes, lymphocytes or in PMA/PHA stimulated lymphocytes. We have developed an anti-human Mer monoclonal antibody to further study the ectopic Mer expression in lymphoblasts. The antibody detects several forms of the Mer protein including a fully glycosylated 205 kD Mer protein in monocytes and a less glycosylated 170–180 kD Mer protein in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines. We analyzed lymphoblasts from 16 T cell ALL patients diagnosed between July 1995 and July 2004 at The Children’s Hospital, Denver for Mer protein surface expression. Of the T cell ALL patient samples, we found that 9/16 (56%) were positive for Mer protein surface expression. Although we were not able to statistically evaluate the clinical outcomes relative to Mer expression due to the study sample number, there was a statistically significant association between positive expression of Mer and lack of surface expression of CD3 (p = 0.035). We found that 7/9 (78%) of the Mer positive lymphoblasts lacked CD3 surface expression, while only 1/6 (17%) of the Mer negative samples lacked CD3 surface expression (see figure). Lymphoblasts that lack surface expression of CD3 represent an immature phenotype and have been associated with a decreased event free survival as compared with surface positive CD3 lymphoblasts. Further investigation of the ectopic expression of Mer in lymphoblasts may reveal the use of this novel Mer glycosylated protein as a prognostic marker and possibly a future therapeutic target in the treatment of childhood leukemia.
Differences in hip range of motion among collegiate pitchers when compared to youth and professional baseball pitcher data.

The purpose of this study was to measure passive hip internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM) in collegiate baseball pitchers and compare to published youth and professional values. Measures were taken on the bilateral hips of 29 participants (mean age 20.0±1.4, range 18-22 years). Results identified no significant differences between the stance and stride hip in collegiate right handed pitchers for IR (p= 0.22, ES 0.23) and ER (p=.08, ES= 0.25). There was no significant difference in left handed pitchers for IR (p= 0.80, ES= 0.11) and ER (p= 0.56, ES= 0.15). When comparing youth to collegiate, IR increased in the stance (2o) and stride (5o) hip and an increase in the stance (5o) and stride (5o) hip were present for ER as well. From collegiate to professional, IR increased in the stance (4o) and stride (3o) hip whereas a decrease in the stance (9o) and stride (12o) hip was present for ER. The data suggests an increase in passive ROM from youth to collegiate and a decrease from collegiate to professional. Understanding passive hip ROM values among the different levels of pitchers may assist clinicians in developing time dependent interventions to prevent future injury and enhance performance.
MoS2 as a long-life host material for potassium ion intercalation

Electrochemical potassium ion intercalation into two-dimensional layered MoS2 was studied for the first time for potential applications in the anode in potassium-based batteries. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that an intercalated potassium compound, hexagonal K0.4MoS2, formed during the intercalation process. Despite the size of K+, MoS2 was a long-life host for repetitive potassium ion intercalation and de-intercalation with a capacity retention of 97.5% after 200 cycles. The diffusion coefficient of the K+ ions in KxMoS2 was calculated based on the Randles–Sevcik equation. A higher K+ intercalation ratio not only encountered a much slower K+ diffusion rate in MoS2, but also induced MoS2 reduction. This study shows that metal dichalcogenides are promising potassium anode materials for emerging K-ion, K-O2, and K-S batteries.
Targeting of High-Valent Iron-TAML Activators at Hydrocarbons and Beyond

TAML activators of peroxides are iron(III) complexes. The ligation by four deprotonated amide nitrogens in macrocyclic motifs is the signature of TAMLs where the macrocyclic structures vary considerably. TAML activators are exceptional functional replicas of the peroxidases and cytochrome P450 oxidizing enzymes. In water, they catalyze peroxide oxidation of a broad spectrum of compounds, many of which are micropollutants, compounds that produce undesired effects at low concentrations—as with the enzymes, peroxide is typically activated with near-quantitative efficiency. In nonaqueous solvents such as organic nitriles, the prototype TAML activator gave the structurally authenticated reactive iron(V)oxo units (FeVO), wherein the iron atom is two oxidation equivalents above the FeIII resting state. The iron(V) state can be achieved through the intermediacy of iron(IV) species, which are usually μ-oxo-bridged dimers (FeIVFeIV), and this allows for the reactivity of this potent reactive intermediate to be stud...
Quid Sit Tyrannus? Seeking to Understand Tyranny within and among Regimes

Waller Newell's Tyrants is a public-spirited book, designed to contribute to a civic educational effort to identify and understand the characteristics of tyranny. But if, as Newell argues, entire countries—and not just individuals—can be tyrannical, does the character of democracy necessarily inoculate itself against tyrannizing over others? The example of Athens, among other ancient cities, should give us reason for caution. The effort to make an understanding of tyranny properly civic seems therefore to be a permanent challenge.
Percutaneous revascularization for peripheral arterial disease: paclitaxel saves the day.

Patients presenting with femoropopliteal (FP) disease often require revascularization for lifestyle-limiting claudication medical therapy that failed, or for critical limb ischemia. Percutaneous revascularization for FP disease has been fraught with challenges since the initial description of
Emitting Uncertainty: How Brexit Might Affect Emissions Trading Worldwide

ABSTRACTAfter the UK referendum that voted to leave the EU in 2016, much question has surrounded what implications this decision might have. This article will discuss the referendum's environmental...
CRT-300.07 Quantification and Depth Resolution of Lipid Core Plaques by Intravascular Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Dual-Modality Imaging

Current imaging tools lack sensitivity and depth resolution to accurately quantify lipid core content at different stages of disease. Here, we present an intravascular catheter which can produce co-registered images of morphology and depth-resolved lipid core content via ultrasound and photoacoustic
Facile Stabilization of the Sodium Metal Anode with Additives: Unexpected Key Role of Sodium Polysulfide and Adverse Effect of Sodium Nitrate.

Sodium metal is an attractive anode for next-generation energy storage systems owing to its high specific capacity, low cost, and high abundance. Nevertheless, uncontrolled Na dendrite growth caused by the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) leads to poor cycling performance and severe safety concerns. Sodium polysulfide (Na2 S6 ) alone is revealed to serve as a positive additive or pre-passivation agent in ether electrolyte to improve the long-term stability and reversibility of the Na anode, while Na2 S6 -NaNO3 as co-additive has an adverse effect, contrary to the prior findings in the lithium anode system. A superior cycling behavior of Na anode is first demonstrated at a current density up to 10 mA cm-2 and a capacity up to 5 mAh cm-2 over 100 cycles. As a proof of concept, a high-capacity Na-S battery was prepared by pre-passivating the Na anode with Na2 S6 . This study gives insights into understanding the differences between Li and Na systems.
A multiphysics time-dependent model of dielectric breakdown in solids

A time-dependent model of dielectric breakdown in solids is presented wherein electro-quasi-statics, adiabatic heating, and peridynamics are coupled. First, the time dependent electro-quasi-static approximation is used to solve for the electrostatic potential and a nonlinear, electric-field- and temperature-dependent conductivity is used. The electric field is coupled to both the temperature (through Joule heating) and the mechanical displacement (through the Lorentz and Kelvin forces). Fracture and failure of the material are modeled using peridynamics, a non-local formulation of solid mechanics, and failure of the material may occur due to both high temperatures and high mechanical strain induced by thermal expansion. Results demonstrate several features of dielectric breakdown that are consistent with experiments.
Meta-knowledge and cognition

In AI knowledge representation schemes, structures that describe other structures are said to represent "meta-knowledge," or knowledge about other knowledge. After describing some studies of human behavior that demonstrate people's ability to reason about what they know and about how they reason, we review the use of explicit meta-knowledge in aeveral rescent AI systems. The concept of meta-level knowledge captures Intrinsic, commonplace properties of human cognition that are central to an underatanding of knowledge and intelligence.
60 – Models of Protein Metabolism

This chapter focuses on models of protein metabolism for muscle and intestine. Methods to measure protein turnover rates in various organs and tissues are important for investigators involved in surgical research because many disease states seen in surgical patients are associated with significant changes in protein synthesis and degradation rates. Many methods used to measure protein synthesis rates are based on the incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids into proteins. When such techniques are used, it is important to understand the concept of precursor specific radioactivity. The specific radioactivity describes the ratio between radiolabeled and unlabeled amino acids and can be expressed as dpm/mole. The amount of radioactivity incorporated into a protein reflects not only the rate of protein synthesis but the specific radioactivity of the precursor amino acid as well.
Geometric Design of Rational Bézier Line Congruences and Ruled Surfaces Using Line Geometry

This paper presents a method for constructing rational Bezier line congruences and ruled surfaces suitable for Computer Aided Geometric Design based on line geometry. Directed lines in the Euclidean three-space are represented by vectors with three homogeneous components over the ring of dual numbers. A projective deCasteljau algorithm is presented for construction of rational Bezier line congruences and ruled surfaces. In the case of ruled surface patches an intrinsic representation of a ruled patch based on segmentation of the ruling about the striction curve of the surface is presented. This leads to a coordinate independent representation of such surface patches. An algorithm is presented that would allow geometric construction of the striction points on rulings of a ruled surface at each intermediate step in the deCasteljau’s algorithm. This provides for a geometric method for constructing a coordinate independent representation of a rational ruled surface patch which can be used for geometric design purposes.
Dichotomy in redundant enhancers points to presence of initiators of gene regulation

The regulatory landscape of a gene locus often consists of several functionally redundant enhancers establishing phenotypic robustness and evolutionary stability of its regulatory program. However, it is unclear what mechanisms are employed by redundant enhancers to cooperatively orchestrate gene expression. By comparing redundant enhancers to single enhancers (enhancers present in a single copy in a gene locus), we observed that the DNA sequence encryption differs between these two classes of enhancers, suggesting a difference in their regulatory mechanisms. Initiator enhancers, which are a subset of redundant enhancers and show similar sequence encryption to single enhancers, differ from the rest of redundant enhancers in their sequence encryption, evolutionary conservation and proximity to target genes. Genes hosting initiator enhancers in their loci feature elevated levels of expression. Initiator enhancers show a high level of 3D chromatin contacts with both transcription start sites and regular enhancers, suggesting their roles as primary activators and intermediate catalysts of gene expression, through which the regulatory signals of redundant enhancers are propagated to the target genes. In addition, GWAS and eQTLs variants are significantly enriched in initiator enhancers compared to redundant enhancers, suggesting a key functional role these sequences play in gene regulation. The specific characteristics and widespread abundance of initiator enhancers advocate for a possible universal hierarchical mechanism of tissue-specific gene regulation involving multiple redundant enhancers acting through initiator enhancers.
The key radiologic and cytomorphologic features of oncocytic and oncocytoid lesions of the salivary gland

Oncocytic and oncocytoid lesions represent a distinct subset of salivary gland lesions. True oncocytic lesions of the salivary gland are entirely composed of oncocytes. These are characterized by the presence of abundant eosinophilic granules due to the presence of abundant cytoplasmic mitochondria. Oncocytic lesions of the salivary gland include oncocytosis, oncocytoma, and oncocytic carcinoma. In addition to the true oncocytic lesion, there exists another group of salivary gland lesions, which demonstrate cells with abundant and occasionally granular cytoplasm. These are often termed as "oncocytoid" lesions. The recently proposed Milan System for reporting salivary gland cytology clearly states that fine-needle aspiration specimens representing oncocytic/oncocytoid lesions of salivary gland cannot effectively distinguish between a nonneoplastic lesion, benign and malignant neoplasms. Therefore, most lesions lacking classic cytomorphologic features will be classified under the umbrella diagnostic term of "Salivary Gland Neoplasm of Uncertain Malignant Potential" (SUMP). In this review, we discuss and illustrate key clinicopathologic and radiologic features that can help the practicing cytopathologist narrow down the differential and provide the best management based diagnosis.
An Application of a Topic Model to Two Educational Assessments

A topic model is a statistical model for extracting latent clusters or themes from the text in a collection of documents. The purpose of this study was to apply a topic model to two educational assessments. In the first study, the model was applied to students’ written responses to an extended response item on an English Language Arts (ELA) test. In the second study, a topic model was applied to the errors students’ made on a fractions computation test. The results for the first study showed five distinct writing patterns were detected in students’ writing on the ELA test. Two of the patterns were related to low scores, two patterns were associated with high scores and one pattern was unrelated to the score on the test. In the second study, five error patterns (i.e., latent topics) were detected on the pre-test and six error patterns were detected on the post-test for the fractions computation test. The results for Study 2 also yielded evidence of instructional effects on students’ fractions computation ability. Following instruction, more students in the experimental instruction condition made fewer errors than students in the business-as-usual condition.
Ab initio studies of benzocyclopropenone, benzocyclopropenone-containing

Ab initio calculations were carried out on cyclopropenone, 1, benzocyclopropenone, 2, the benzocyclopropenone-containing [2.2]paracyclophane derivative tetracyclo[8.3.2.4,7011,13]heptadeca-1(13),4,6,10,14,16-hexaen-12-one, 3, its decarbonylation product tricyclo[8.2.2.24,7]hexadeca-1(12), 4,6,10,13-pentaen-15-yne, 5, a benzyne intermediate, and the bridged benzobarrelene derivative, pentacyclo[5.5.2.2.1,40.4,14010,13]hexadeca-2,7,9,13,15-pentaene, 6. These calculations suggest that benzocyclopropenone-containing [2.2]paracyclophane, 3, and highly strained bridged benzobarrelene, 6, could exist as stable species. Both aryl rings of the benzocyclopropenone derivative 3 are predicted to be distorted from planarity. This distortion relieves some angle strain present in planar benzocyclopropenone due to the presence of the annulated three-membered ring. Calculations on benzobarrelene, 8, and [2.2]paracyclophane, 4, were performed for comparison to gain a better understanding of the strain borne in bridged benz...
Comparison of Input Shaping and Predictive Reference Generator Techniques for IC Engine Setpoints Commands

Abstract As connected and automated vehicles are becoming more popular, there is potential for leveraging the available traffic and road information to reduce vehicles’ fuel consumption. Many optimization strategies have been proposed at the powertrain level, providing a slow torque reference setpoint to the engine controller. This paper explores the opportunities provided by the different controller time scales to provide a fast torque reference accounting for (i) torque smoothing and avoiding actuation saturation, (ii) fuel consumption reduction while meeting constraints, and (iii) drivability. The control oriented model of the engine and its validation is presented first. Then, the control hierarchy is outlined. Then the input shaping and reference generator solution strategies are presented. Finally, results for each solution method are discussed, showing about 0.17% fuel consumption increase for the input shaping algorithm and about 2.5% of fuel consumption reduction with the predictive reference generator, and substantial improvements in drivability for each.
Lost in Spaze: An Audio Maze Game for the Visually Impaired

In response to the severe lack of video games geared towards individuals with visual impairment and blindness, we designed and developed a maze game ("Lost in Spaze") that can be enjoyed by players of varying visual ability. Using controllers, players navigate through four mazes of increasing difficulty, guided by audio cues indicating what direction they should take. Given that Lost in Spaze is a video game, there is still a visual component that is not meant to be used by players. However, the visual component may allow a non-player audience who are not visually impaired or blind to engage in the fun of this local multiplayer party game.
Cloning and functional analysis of pbs2 gene in Aspergillus fumigatus

Objective To construct a mutant strain of Aspergillus fumigatus with the mutant pbs2 gene, and to investigate the effect of the mutant gene on the morphology of A. fumigatus, the variation of os-motic pressure and the sensitivity of oxidative stress. Methods S. cerevisiae pbs2 gene homologs was identi-fied in A. fumigatus genome database. A PCR fragment, composed of the 5' flanking sequence(approximate-ly 1 kb) ofpbs20RF and its 3' flanking sequence (approximately 1 kb), was subcloned into a vector pDHt/SK with Xho Ⅰ/Xba Ⅰ enzyme to produce a recombinant plasmid PA. The selected marker pryG amplified from pLAX223 was cloned into PA with BamH Ⅰ/Pst Ⅰ enzyme to produce plasmid PB. PB was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefac/ens and named plasmid At pbs2. Then At pbs2 was transformed into A. fumigatus strain AF293.1 (pyrG) via ATMT to produce the transformants △pbs2. To observe the growth rate and the phenotype on the MM containing different oxidative stress and osmotic pressure between the △pbs2 and the wild type. Results There were no visible difference between △pbs2 and AF293 on the radial growth rate and morphology. △pbs2 mutant was not only more sensitive to osmotic pressure produced by sodium chloride and glycerol but also sensitive to oxidative stress produced by hydrogen peroxide than the wild type. Conclu-sion The pbs2 gene plays a role in osmotic pressure and oxidative stress signal tmnsductions in A. fumiga-tus but only involved in oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide specifically. However, pbs2 gene has a minor effect on growth and morphology in A. fumigatus. Key words: Aspergillus fumigatus; pbs2 gene; Signal transmission
The Years of Questioning

This chapter analyzes the shifting ideational context in which blueprints of the European Community’s research policy were developed. By the early 1970s, the ubiquitous objective of accumulating economic growth and the ability of science to contribute to that goal had come under attack. With the economic austerity, a new consciousness of the limits of growth, and the emergence of the environmental movement highlighting the negative externalities of economic expansion resulting from unsustainable use of natural resources, the promoters of a common research policy were forced to reconsider their earlier objectives and strategies. Yet, significant continunities prevailed and the policy framing conceptualizing research as an engine for growth proved durable.
Communicating Immunogenicity-Associated Risk in Current U.S. FDA Prescription Drug Labeling: A Systematic Evaluation

Communicating the clinical impact of immunogenicity in labeling is important for safe and effective use of certain prescription products. Current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance does not provide comprehensive recommendations on the communication of clinical impact of immunogenicity in labeling. To understand current labeling practice, we evaluated the immunogenicity data and clinical impact information in labeling of selected prescription products. We created a database of 71 therapeutic biologics and drug products that had an immunogenicity assessment initially approved by FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research between 2014 and 2018. We analyzed the content and format of immunogenicity information (e.g., anti-drug antibody incidence and/or immunogenicity impact on pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and/or effectiveness) in the most recent approved labeling. Immunogenicity information was in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section in 98% of the reviewed labeling. Immunogenicity impact on PK was reported in 52% of the labeling, typically within the ADVERSE REACTIONS section, but supportive PK data were often not included in the CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY section. Additionally, the immunogenicity impact on safety and/or effectiveness was communicated in 70% of the labeling, with 23% clearly communicating the effect as clinically meaningful, and 10% providing actionable recommendations. Most of the reviewed labeling includes immunogenicity information within the ADVERSE REACTIONS section. However, there is inconsistency in providing supportive PK data and high variability in reporting immunogenicity impact on safety and effectiveness in labeling. Development of a communication framework that allows for consistent inclusion of immunogenicity impact statements in labeling could improve how immunogenicity risk is conveyed in prescription drug labeling.
Analyzing Complex Design Processes: The Effects of Task Automation and Integration on Process Structure in Microprocessor Design

Today’s microprocessor design is one of the most complex and computationally intensive design processes. For overcoming the design challenges, the current chip design involves significant reuse of architectural and component designs and Computer Automated Design (CAD) tools. This begs the question how does the increased level of computer assisted automation and design coordination during chip design affect the range of design activities and their structure? In this study we examine this question by exploring the highly automated design process, often referred to as “physical synthesis” (PS) design approach to the more traditional “structured digital design” (SDD) approach. Our analysis indicates that the PS approach led to smaller and more frequent iterations while the level of iterative activity remained the same across design stages.
The 3rd IJCAR Automated Theorem Proving Competition

The CADE ATP System Competition (CASC) is an annual evaluation of fully automatic, first order Automated Theorem Proving systems. CASC-J3 was the eleventh competition in the CASC series. Twenty ATP systems and system variants competed in the various competition and demonstration divisions. An outline of the competition design, and a commentated summary of the results, are presented.
Comparación de la prueba de tamizaje PlusoptiX con la retinoscopia bajo cicloplejia para la detección de defectos refractivos significativos

Objetivo : comparar la prueba de tamizaje PlusoptiX con la retinoscopia bajo cicloplejia para la deteccion de defectos refractivos significativos en menores entre los 4 y 18 anos. Metodos : el PlusoptiX se uso en una muestra de 220 menores en varias escuelas en Cartagena, donde se comparan los resultados con los de la retinoscopia bajo cicloplejia. Para el analisis estadistico se aplico la prueba de diferencias para muestras relacionadas en el software SAS 9,4 con ≈ 0,05, a fin de comparar los valores de la mediana (Wilcoxon) y la distribucion cumulativa (Kolgomorov-Smirnov) entre las dos tecnicas. Se generaron los valores de concordancia nominal entre los rangos que clinicamente se consideraron importantes de ±0,50 y ±1,00 D. Asimismo, se calculo la sensibilidad y especificidad del instrumento PlusoptiX para detectar defectos refractivos significativos. Resultados : se detecto hipermetropia > +3,50 D en 4,5 %, miopia > –3,00 en 0,04 %, astigmatismo > –1,50 D en 15,9 %, anisometropia > 1,50 D en 3,2 %. La concordancia entre el PlusoptiX y la retinoscopia fue de ±0,50 en 34,7-41 % en los valores de esfera y de ±0,50 en 57,7-61,3 % en los valores de cilindro. La mejor sensibilidad fue de 72 %, con una especificidad de 61 %. Conclusiones : el PlusoptiX produjo resultados diferentes de la retinoscopia bajo cicloplejia. El instrumento PlusoptiX puede ser usado para facilitar tamizajes; sin embargo, debe prestarse atencion a su baja sensibilidad y especificidad.