cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Normal Force and Frequency in Fretting

The contact conditions for fretting between spherical caps are reviewed. In particular, the relations between critical displacement and tangential force amplitudes for incipient slip on one hand, and normal force and frequency on the other, are analyzed. Experiments are carried, out with a testing apparatus, specially designed for fretting under controlled conditions within wide intervals of testing parameter values. An austenitic stainless steel and a Cu-3%Si alloy are investigated. It is confirmed that the critical tangential force is proportional to the normal force, and that the critical displacement is proportional to the 213 power of the normal force for two different frequencies, 300 and 800 Hz. The observed amplitude values are significantly higher than the theoretical values for the higher frequency. The frequency dependence is discussed. Presented at the 35th STLE/ASME Tribology Conference In Fort Lauderdale, Florida October 16–19, 1989
Robust Model-Based Learning via Spatial-EM Algorithm

This paper presents a new robust EM algorithm for the finite mixture learning procedures. The proposed Spatial-EM algorithm utilizes median-based location and rank-based scatter estimators to replace sample mean and sample covariance matrix in each M step, hence enhancing stability and robustness of the algorithm. It is robust to outliers and initial values. Compared with many robust mixture learning methods, the Spatial-EM has the advantages of simplicity in implementation and statistical efficiency. We apply Spatial-EM to supervised and unsupervised learning scenarios. More specifically, robust clustering and outlier detection methods based on Spatial-EM have been proposed. We apply the outlier detection to taxonomic research on fish species novelty discovery. Two real datasets are used for clustering analysis. Compared with the regular EM and many other existing methods such as K-median, X-EM and SVM, our method demonstrates superior performance and high robustness.
A novel synthesis of the benzo[F]quinazoline ring system

An approach to the synthesis of the benzo[f]quinazoline ring system using a preformed pyrimidine is described. A facile cyclization of a ketone function into the 5-position of uracil is the key step in this sequence.
Radical ion states of platinum acetylide oligomers

The ion radicals of two series of platinum acetylide oligomers have been subjected to study by electrochemical and pulse radiolysis/transient absorption methods. One series of oligomers, Ptn, has the general structure PhC⋮C[Pt(PBu3)2C⋮C(1,4-Ph)C⋮C]nPt(PBu3)2C⋮CPh (where x = 0−4, Ph = phenyl and 1,4-Ph = 1,4-phenylene). The second series of oligomers, Pt4Tn, contain a thiophene oligomer core, C⋮C(2,5-Th)nC⋮C (where n = 1−3 and 2,5-Th = 2,5-thienylene), capped on both ends with Pt(PBu3)2C⋮C(1,4-Ph)C⋮CPt(PBu3)2C⋮CPh segments. Electrochemical studies reveal that all of the oligomers feature reversible or quasi-reversible one-electron oxidation at potentials less than 1 V versus SCE. These oxidations are assigned to the formation of radical cations on the platinum acetylide chains. For the longer oligomers multiple, reversible one-electron waves are observed at potentials less than 1 V, indicating that multiple positive polarons can be produced on the oligomers. Pulse-radiolysis/transient absorption spectrosco...
The Relationship Between Black Race, Maternal Infection and NEC in the Preterm Infant

Abstract Higher rates of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in black preterm infants have been attributed to the higher rates of preterm delivery in this population. The focus however has been on preterm infant risk factors with minimal investigation into the contribution of antepartum differences among black women and how they may contribute to poorer outcomes in the black preterm infant. Retrospective cohort controlled study design examined the relationship between maternal infection, preterm infant infection, race and NEC. Black women were found to experience an increased number of maternal infections when compared to white and Hispanic women. Of the black mothers who experienced infection during pregnancy their preterm infants had a more cycles of antibiotic administration than white and Hispanic infants. Preterm infants who experienced increased exposure to antibiotics had higher risk for necrotizing enterocolitis.
Butylphenyl dGTP: a selective and potent inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerase alpha

Abstract BuPdGTP , the 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate of the DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha)-specific inhibitor, N2-(p-n- butylphenyl )guanine, was examined with respect to its mechanism and its capacity to inhibit the mammalian DNA polymerases, pol alpha, pol beta, and pol gamma. BuP dGTP was specifically inhibitory for pol alpha, with no discernible activity on pol beta and pol gamma. The potency of BuP dGTP is unprecedented, with an apparent Ki less than 10 nanomolar. The unusual potency of the BuP dGTP is derived primarily from the 5' alpha and beta phosphoryl moieties, whose binding to enzyme complements that of the base-linked butylphenyl substituent. BuP dGTP is competitive with dGTP and apparently not subject to polymerization. Experiments employing BuP dGTP in the presence of a non-complementary template suggest that the core polymerase or an associated coprotein contains dNTP binding sites which recognize specific nucleic acid bases. The partial sensitivity of selected, non-mammalian DNA polymerases suggests that modification of the N2 substituent of dGTP will be a useful route to the design of novel, polymerase-specific affinity-probes.
Kent bundles in the anterior septal space.

Abstract Kent bundles in the anterior septal area of the heart occupy a region of complex morphology. In this study, the anatomical characteristics of the area were reviewed by the dissection of 12 human hearts and then an analysis was done of the results of operation in 15 patients with Kent bundles in this location. One important anatomical finding was the relationship of the atrial septum, the right fibrous trigone, and the underlying membranous ventricular septum to the atrioventricular node and the His bundle. The normal components of the conduction system are protected from injury at operation by encasement in these structures. At operation, the accuracy with which retrograde endocardial mapping could identify the Kent bundle was demonstrated in 8 patients who had Kent bundles clearly shown to be within 2 to 5 mm of the His bundle. Kent bundle interruption in 13 patients was achieved by a precisely placed incision and dissection, and in 2 patients by cryothermia. In 1 of these 2 patients, both the His bundle and the Kent bundle were interrupted when cryothermia was used at a second operation. This study indicates that a Kent bundle and His bundle can be within 2 mm of each other, judging their positions by retrograde endocardial mapping. Final proof of the Kent bundle's location is demonstrated by interruption. With the protection afforded to the His bundle by encasement in the right fibrous trigone, surgical interruption of the adjacent Kent bundle can be accomplished without injury to the His bundle.
Chemical modification and molecular orientation of the B protein in the filamentous bacterial virus Pf1.

Chemical modification of specific amino acid residues of the major coat protein (B protein) in the intact filamentous bacteriophage Pf1 has been performed to see whether the model based on the low angle X-ray diffraction studies of Marvin et al. (1974) could be verified by the reactivity off“exposed”, and lack of reactivity of “buried”, amino acid residues. Tyrosine residues were iodinated using both the chloramine T and lactoperoxidase methods; α and ∈ amino groups were reacted with succinic anhydride; arginine residues were modified with phenylglyoxal; carboxyl groups were activated with carbodiimide followed by reaction with glycine amide; and methionine residues oxidized with hydrogen peroxide followed by carboxymethylation with iodoacetic acid. The modified residues were identified after chemical cleavage or enzymatic digestion followed by amino acid analysis and manual microsequencing. The results show that amino acid side-chains near the NH 2 -terminus of the B protein are reactive, presumably because they are on the outside of the virus particles. Residues beyound position 25 could not be modified indicating that they occupy an internal location in the protein sheath of the virus particle.
The lymphomas: response to irradiation.

Four hundred eighty-four patients with lymphoma received initial irradiation at the University of Michigan from the years 1960 through 1971. No patient with staging celiotomy was included. The distribution was as follows: Hodgkin's disease, 46.9%; lymphosarcoma, 26.7%; reticulum cell sarcoma, 23.5%; and unclassified lymphoma, 2.9%. In most instances, only involved regions were irradiated in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Hodgkin's disease was treated regionally, but in supradiaphragmatic disease, adjacent areas received prophylactic irradiation, in recent years with the use of a mantle. Present doses vary between 3500–4500 rad given in 4 to 5 weeks. Complications were minimal. The reactivation-free interval at 6 years for Stages I and II nodal was 41%, 32%, and 31% for Hodgkin's, lymphosarcoma, and reticulum cell sarcoma. A non-nodal component on first reactivation was found in 24% of Hodgkin's, 33% of lymphosarcoma, and 41% of reticulum cell sarcoma. In these two groups, systematic total nodal irradiation probably would have had no potential benefit. The authors conclude that limited irradiation in early stages (after staging celiotomy) has merits.
Doorway-state formation and structure in beta -delayed proton decay.

The structure in the /beta/-delayed proton spectra of the precursors /sup 1//sub 66//sup 47/Dy/sup /ital g//, /sup 1//sub 68//sup 49/Er/sup /ital g//, and /sup 1//sub 70//sup 51/Yb/sup /ital g// is analyzed within the framework of a doorway-state model. Indications from /gamma/-ray decay studies, /beta/ strength-function measurements, and calculations of state densities and Gamow-Teller strength distributions, lead us to suggest that some of the observed proton transitions arise from the preequilibrium decay of doorway states populated in /beta//sup +/ decay or electron capture.
Are Language Barriers Associated With Serious Medical Events in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients

Objective. Language barriers may lead to medical errors by impeding patient-provider commu- nication. The objective of this study was to determine whether hospitalized pediatric patients whose families have language barriers are more likely to incur serious medical errors than patients whose families do not have language barriers. Methods. A case-control study was conducted in a large, academic, regional children's hospital in the Pa- cific Northwest. Case patients (n 97) included all hos- pitalizations of patients who were younger than 21 years and had a reported serious medical event from January 1, 1998, to December 31, 2003. Control patients (n 475) were chosen from hospitalizations without a reported serious medical event and were matched with case pa- tients on age, admitting service, admission to intensive care, and date of admission. The main exposure was a language barrier defined by self- or provider-reported need for an interpreter. Serious medical events were de- fined as events that led to unintended or potentially adverse outcomes identified by the hospital's quality improvement staff. Results. Fourteen (14.4%) of the case patients and 53 (11.2%) of the control patients were assigned an inter- preter during their hospitalization. Overall, we found no increased risk for serious medical events in patients and families who requested an interpreter compared with patients and families who did not request an interpreter (odds ratio: 1.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.73-2.55). Spanish-speaking patients who requested an interpreter comprised 11 (11.3%) of the case patients and 26 (5.5%) of the control patients. This subgroup had a twofold in- creased risk for serious medical events compared with patients who did not request an interpreter (odds ratio: 2.26; 95% confidence interval: 1.06-4.81). Conclusions. Spanish-speaking patients whose fami- lies have a language barrier seem to have a significantly increased risk for serious medical events during pediatric hospitalization compared with patients whose families do not have a language barrier. Pediatrics 2005;116:575- 579; language barriers, medical errors.
Fusion of multiple fixations with a space-variant sensor: conditional optimality of maximum-resolution blending

ABSTRACT In previous work by ourselves and others, it has been argued that the best algorithm for fusing multiplefixations of the same scene is to simply choose the maximum resolution information available at each position in the reconstructed scene. We can show, under simple assumptions of pixel distributions, that this algorithm is indeed optimal in a least-squared-error sense. In the presence of noise, however,optimality no longer holds; a certain degree of averaging of lower resolution information is required to obtain optimal reconstruction. We also present empirical • demonstrations of fused images usingmaximum-resolution and averaged blending techniqes, and we illustrate the effects of noise on the quality of reconstruction. 1. Introduction Human vision is both active and space-variant. Recent interest in exploiting these characteristics in machinevision naturally focuses attention on the characteristics and requirements of a space-variant sensor. The complex-log mapping provides an accepted model of the space-variant mapping from retina to primary visual cortex in pri-mates at both the local (hypercolumn) and global (retinotopic representation) scales (Schwartz 1977; Schwartz et al.in press; Weinshall and Schwartz 1987).The complex-log mapping of SC nes also has favorable computational properties. It embodies a useful iso-morphism between multiplication in its domain and addition in its range. This is especially interesting when a two-dimensional scene is considered to be defined with respect to a complex argument; then complex multiplication ofthe argument is equivalent to scaling of the scene (by the modulus of the multiplier) and rotation of the scene around
Ion Isotropy and Ion Resonant Waves in the Solar Wind: Cassini Observations

Electric fields in the solar wind, in the range of one Hertz, are reported for the first time from a 3-axis stabilized spacecraft. The measurements are made with the Radio and Plasma Wave System (RPWS) experiment on the Cassini spacecraft [Gurnett et al., 2000]. Kellogg [2000] suggested that such waves could be important in maintaining the near-isotropy of solar wind ions and the validity of MHD for the description of the solar wind. The amplitudes found are larger than those estimated by Kellogg from other measurements, and are due to quasi-electrostatic waves. These amplitudes are quite sufficient to maintain isotropy of the solar wind ions.
Formulation and in vivo evaluation of ocular insert containing phenylephrine and tropicamide

A Gelfoam® based ocular device containing 1.7 mg of phenylephrine and 0.6 mg of tropicamide was formulated and evaluated for pupillary dilation in rabbits. The manufacturing procedure is fairly simple and the required excipients are inexpensive. The in vivo results show that the mydriatic response produced by the proposed device is larger and longer lasting than that produced by eyedrops with an equivalent amount of phenylephrine and tropicamide. The results reported in this study, along with those of previous studies, imply that Gelfoam® is a versatile drug carrier for either local or systemic drug delivery via the ophthalmic route.
Improved Block Interface Conditions for Aeroacoustic Problems with Grid Discontinuities

Aeroacoustic simulations are extremely sensitive to numerical errors. To achieve a high order of accuracy, optimized finite difference schemes, such as the well-known dispersion-relation-preservation schemes, and multiblock structured meshes are often used. Challenges appear in communicating the flow information near grid discontinuities between neighboring blocks, and sophisticated interface treatments are required. The characteristic interface condition has been successful in applications in previous publications, and yet limitations exist that are identified in the present study. This paper proposes a new interface treatment based on the analogy between finite difference and finite volume discretizations. One-sided finite difference schemes are used to calculate the spatial derivatives in the normal direction, and the residuals are reconstructed from a finite volume perspective. Applications to several benchmark cases show an encouraging improvement as compared to the previous characteristic interface ...
Identification and characterization of a novel silicon hydride species on the Si(100) surface

In this Letter we describe the existence of a novel silicon hydride species on the Si(100) surface. We demonstrate that this species contains hydrogen in a non-monohydride form and that the number of these species is dependent on the surface preparation. Remarkably, these species are still present on the surface under conditions where hydrogen diffusion occurs and even after the monohydride phase begins to decompose. The possible role of these species in the chemistry of hydrogen on the Si(100) surface is discussed.
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: 15 Years of Continued Experience in a Southern West Virginia Community

Factors affecting survival and mortality rate of patients who present with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) at our community hospital were established in the late 1980s. During the intervening years, there have been many improvements in medical care. This study was conducted to re-examine factors affecting survival to ascertain whether improvements in care processes have led to corresponding improvements in survival. Outcomes of 73 patients who presented with ruptured AAA from 1983 to 1987 were previously reported. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 84 similar patients from 15 subsequent years. Demographic data, preoperative assessments, treatment timings, intraoperative findings, and subsequent postoperative complications were collected, analyzed, and compared to this institution's previous reported experience. Of 84 patients reviewed, 80% were male. The mean age was 72 years. Overall mortality significantly decreased from past experience (62% compared to 44%, p = 0.03). The mortality rate specifically associated with a free intraperitoneal rupture significantly decreased (97% to 63%, p 70 years and had preoperative hemoglobin of 80 and with hemoglobin of <8 in the previously reported series. Syncope, delays in beginning surgical treatment, and amount of blood loss were not significantly associated with death as had been reported previously. Type of rupture and preoperative hemoglobin were the two factors most significantly associated with death (p < 0.05 by logistic regression). Despite the improvements in patient care and knowledge of the problem, many patients (44%) still die from ruptured AAAs, and 70% of this mortality occurs during the first 24 hr. Type of rupture continues to be an important predictor of mortality, and a large amount of improvement in mortality can be attributed to improvements in treating free intraperitoneal ruptures. Treating physicians have not gained much control over factors significantly affecting mortality, but a refinement of the known factors affecting survival may help target interventions and tailor patient care. Improved prerupture treatments of aneurysms by elective operations are still essential for reducing fatal outcomes.
Computer-Originated Aspheric Holographic Optical Elements

Holographic optical elements (HOEs) recorded with arbitrary aspheric wavefronts can now be analyzed with a holographic ray-tracing design program. The recording wavefronts are defined by analytical phase functions, for example, a two-dimensional polynomial expansion. The coefficients of the functional representations of the HOE recording wavefronts are used as parameters to optimize the performance of an optical system containing the HOE. The optimum recording wavefronts are then produced with the help of computer-generated holograms. Several useful arbitrary wavefront phase functions are discussed. Design predictions and experimental results are presented for a holographic Fourier transform lens recorded with the aid of a computer-generated hologram.
Oral Quinolone Treatment for Osteomyelitis

Excerpt To the Editors:In his editorial (1), Dr. Gentry asserts that oral antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones is as effective as parenteral therapy. Gentry did not, how...
Subunit interactions change the heme active-site geometry in p-cresol methylhydroxylase

Abstract The enzyme p-cresol methylhydroxylase [4-cresol: (acceptor) oxidoreductase (methyl-hydroxylating), EC 1.17.99.1] contains two subunits: a cytochrome c (electron transfer) subunit (cytochrome cpc) and a flavin (catalytic) subunit. When these subunits are separated by isoelectric focusing, a stable cytochrome subunit is obtained. Significant differences are observed between the one-dimensional NMR spectra of oxidized cytochrome cpc and of oxidized p-cresol methylhydroxylase. Analysis of the two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement and exchange spectroscopy (NOESY) spectrum of reduced cytochrome cpc suggests that the axial ligand, Met-50, of the stable subunit reorients by a rotation about the C gamma-S delta bond when cytochrome cpc binds to the flavin subunit. This reorientation must result in a change in bonding at the heme, which is reflected both in the para-magnetically shifted resonances and in the redox potential. p-Cresol methylhydroxylase thereby provides an interesting example of the coupling of subunit interactions to active-site structure and reactivity.
Ecological Assessment: Adding a New Dimension for Preschool Children.

Ecological assessment can add a new dimension to the intervention process for preschool children with behavior disorders.
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Are Motor Deficits More Than Expected for IQ Level?

Objective To examine motor function in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2) and a Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) comparable control group. Study design This study was part of a prospective study of neuropsychological function in children 9 to 15 years of age with 22q11.2 and community control subjects and included children from these two populations with comparable FSIQs. Results Verbal IQs on the WISC-R for 40 children with 22q11.2 (88.4) and 24 community control subjects (87.2) were not different ( P = .563). However, the performance IQs were (22q11.2; 81.1 vs community controls; 89.3; P P = .336) but on the motor coordination part of the Visual Motor Inventory, the scores of the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome group were lower (77.2 vs 89.3; P = .002). On the general neurologic examination ( P = .906), the tone examination ( P = .705), and the ball skills part of the Motor Battery, ( P = .378), there were no differences. However, on the axial stability part of the Motor Battery, the children with 22q11.2 exhibited less good balance ( P = .026). Conclusions School-aged children with 22q11.2 have specific motor deficits in axial stability and graphomotor skills.
Generating productive topsoil substitutes from hard rock overburden in the southern appalachians.

Natural soils on steeply sloping landscapes in the Appalachian coal fields of Virginia. West Virginia. Kentucky, and Tennessee are often thin, rocky, acidic and infertile, making the topsoiling of surface mined sites impractical in many cases. Topsoil substitutes composed of blasted rock fragments are commonly used in this region. The proper selection and placement of designated topsoil substitutes is therefore critical to long term reclamation success. These mine soil surfaces are not in equilibrium and with the surface environment, and it is quite difficult to diferentiate among dissolution, adsorption, desorption and precipitation reactions as these surfaces weather with time. Severe compaction limits the productivity of many otherwise suitable topsoil substitutes. A minimum non-compacted thickness of 1 m is desirable to insure long run mine soil productivity for a variety of post-mining land uses. Significant changes in the physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties of mine soils occur within one year after placement. Mine soils high in silt content often form hard vesicular surface crusts, particularly when left unvegetated. The long term survival of plant communities on these mine soils is dependent upon mine soil organic matter accumulation and N and P cycling. Little is currently known about N and P dynamics in these mine soils, but P-fixation is a profound problem in high Fe3- spoils. Revegetation practices that were designed to meet 2-year bond release requirements may not he sufficient to meet new 5-year release standards. Hard rock derived mine soils can often equal or exceed native topsoil in productivity and post mining land use potential.
Building Energy Use Prediction and System Identification Using Recurrent Neural Networks

Following several successful applications of feedforward neural networks (NNs) to the building energy prediction problem a more difficult problem has been addressed recently: namely, the prediction of building energy consumption well into the future without knowledge of immediately past energy consumption. This paper will report results on a recent study of six months of hourly data recorded at the Zachry Engineering Center (ZEC) in College Station, TX. Also reported are results on finding the R and C values for buildings from networks trained on building data.
The Supercollider: The Texas Days — A Personal Recollection of Its Short Life and Demise

This article is the second in a two-part account of the history of the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). The narrative starts with the move of the SSC activities to its Waxahachie site in Texas and the subsequent organization of its administrative structure. The technical design changes incorporated into the site-specific design are described together with their impact on costs. The principal activities at the SSC — technical progress, conventional construction and planning of the experimental program — are described briefly. The article then discusses the efforts to obtain international collaboration, the growth of the opposition both among the public at large and in Congress, and the final events leading to termination of the SSC. It ends with some subjective views on what went wrong with the SSC and on the prospects for construction of large scientific facilities in the US in the future.
Debugging Haskell by Observing Intermediate Data Structures

Abstract Haskell has long needed a debugger. Although there has been much research into the topic of debugging lazy functional programs, no robust tool has yet come from the Haskell community that can help debug full Haskell. This paper describes a portable debugger for full Haskell, building only on commonly implemented extensions. It is based on the concept of observation of intermediate data structures, rather than the more traditional stepping and variable examination paradigm used by traditional imperative debuggers.
Localization of a negative glucocorticoid response element of the human corticotropin releasing hormone gene.

Abstract Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) plays a primary role in mediating suprapituitary activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is an important physiologic target of negative feedback regulation by glucocorticoids. We sought to define cis-acting regions of the CRH promoter responsible for cAMP-dependent activation and glucocorticoid-dependent repression of CRH promoter activity. In transiently transfected AtT-20 cells, cAMP-dependent transcriptional activation was mediated largely through a classical, consensus, cAMP-response element (CRE) at −224 bp. Dexamethasone (DEX) produced a specific 2–3-fold repression of cAMP-stimulated, but not basal, CRH promoter activity. Using a series of 5′ nested deletions, dexamethasone-dependent repression of cAMP-stimulated CRH promoter activity was localized to promoter sequences between −278 and −249 bp. Specific, high-affinity binding of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) DNA-binding domain to this promoter region was observed using an eletrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). We conclude that (i) cAMP dependent activation of the CRH promoter is mediated primarily by the CRE at −224 bp, (ii) glucocorticoid-dependent repression is specific for the CRH promoter, and not a generalized effect of glucocorticoid signaling or interference with the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, (iii) a highly conserved region between −278 and −249 bp is critical for glucocorticoid dependent repression, and (iv) GR is capable of interacting directly with this functionally defined negative glucocorticoid response element of the CRH promoter.
Effect of sugarcane condensed molasses solubles, sugarcane molasses and monensin on performance and volatile fatty acid production in finishing steers

Three experiments were conducted to compare sugarcane condensed molasses solubles (CMS), sugarcane molasses or a CMS—molasses mixture as ingredients in steer finishing diets, and to determine the effect of monensin in combination with CMS on ruminal volatile fatty acid production. In Experiments 1 and 2, 40 yearling steers were fed on a dry basis 0 or 5% CMS, 5% molasses or 5% of a CMS—molasses mixture (50% w/w fresh basis) for 67 and 96 days, respectively. Steers in Experiment 2 were all fed 33 g/metric ton of monensin. Average daily gain and dry feed conversion rate were, respectively, 0.89 kg and 9.61 in Experiment 1, and 1.28 kg and 6.14 in Experiment 2, with no differences among treatments. There were no treatment effects on carcass characteristics. Experiment 3 was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 0 or 33 g monensin/metric ton fed to 40 yearling beef steers, in combination with 0 or 10% CMS (dry basis), for 134 days. In Experiment 3, 10% CMS decreased gain (P<0.01) from 1.14 to 0.97 kg and increased dry feed/gain (P<0.05) from 6.89 to 7.89. Feeding 10% CMS produced leaner (P<0.05) carcasses, while monensin had no effect on carcass characteristics. Steers fed CMS had increased acetic (P<0.01), butyric (P<0.05) and isovaleric (P<0.01) acid concentrations, and decreased propionic (P<0.01) and valeric (P<0.01) acid concentrations. Monensin increased ruminal concentration of propionic (P<0.01) and isovaleric (P<0.01) acids and decreased butyric (P<0.05) and valeric (P<0.01) acids. Condensed molasses solubles may have limited value in replacing molasses or in combination with molasses in finishing diets, and monensin appears to have a beneficial effect when fed in combination with CMS.
Measuring the quantum correction at zero bias in metal-oxide-metal diode noise

According to van der Ziel's interpretation of Tucker's calculation of the noise and admittance of metal-oxide-metal (MOM) diodes, these devices, when operating at high frequencies (100 GHz) and low temperatures (2 K), show a transition from quantum thermal noise at zero bias to shot noise at ±1 mV bias. By slowly modulating the bias of the MOM diode between -1 mV and +1 mV, mixing and amplifying the noise, passing it through a quadratic detector and then LF filtering the detected MOM noise power, one can display the MOM diode noise power on a cathode ray oscillograph or strip-chart recorder as a function of bias, and thus calibrate the thermal noise at zero bias against the shot noise at higher bias.
Influence of surfactant structure on the contribution of micelles to Ostwald ripening in oil-in-water emulsions

The rate of Ostwald ripening was measured, using light scattering, in 2 wt.% and 10 wt.% decane-in-water and dodecane-in-water emulsions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate and several nonionic ethylene oxide dodecyl ethers--surfactants with tails containing 12 carbons, but with various headgroups--were used to form the emulsions. Emulsions were formed with sufficient quantities of the surfactant to saturate the droplet interfaces. The influence of surfactant micelles in the continuous phase was then explored by adding 1-5 wt.% surfactant to the water. The increase in the average droplet radius in the absence of micelles was found to agree qualitatively with Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory for the different surfactant types. The addition of micelles increased the rate of Ostwald ripening, by factors between 2 and 50, depending on the type and concentration of surfactant. However, there was no systematic correspondence between the increased rate and the equilibrium solubilization capacity of the micelles, nor was the rate decreased with increased strength of repulsive interactions between micelle and the droplet interface. It is proposed that the complex influence of surfactant on Ostwald ripening kinetics may depend on the ability of micelles to become supersaturated with oil--i.e., to incorporate solute temporarily above their equilibrium solubilization capacity.
Self-report vs. biological markers in assessment of childhood depression

Abstract Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic confidence of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in assessing childhood depression were determined. Parent and child forms of the CDI and plasma cortisol levels at 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. were used. Three groups of prepubertal children were sampled: (1) 63 depressed inpatients, (2) 14 non-depressed inpatient psychiatric controls, and (3) 21 normal community sample controls. Results suggest that scores ≥ 15 on the CDI obtained from either parent of child provide a good screening instrument (sensitivity = 89%). If the DST is administered to all children with elevated CDI scores, diagnostic confidence is 97.5%. Cautions and recommendations for use of the CDI and DST are made.
Educating Engineering Undergraduates: Effects of Scaffolding in a Problem-Based Learning Environment

This paper presents a study in the methods of problem-based learning (PBL) in the engineering classroom, where students work in small groups to explore specific problems under the guidance of an instructor. PBL has proven to be highly-effective in engineering education, but there is still room to improve. Studies by Schmidt et al. (2007) suggest that the use of “scaffolds,” structures that support the conceptual learning process early-on but are gradually removed later, can greatly help when students first engage in PBL.A total of 19 students participated in the study. A detailed lab handout was designed to act as a hard scaffold for the experimental group while the control group used the current materials. After preparing a full lab report, students were given a post-lab examination. The results of this examination indicate that the scaffold was effective, but they also hint that students enter the lab with incorrect mental models which hinder the learning process. Further study is needed to validate thi...
Phase transitions in aclassical spin system with competing superexchange and double-exchange interactions

A system of classical spins defined on a simple cubic lattice, and interacting via a competing antiferromagnetic superexchange and ferromagnetic double-exchange nearest-neighbor coupling, has been studied with Monte Carlo simulations. The phase diagram of the model includes two regions with nearest-neighbor spin canting.
Effect of boron substitution on the electronic structure of nanographene and its relevance to the thermoelectric transport properties in nanocarbon ensembles

Density functional calculations are reported on pristine and boron substituted nanographene sheets containing up to 36 rings. The results indicate that increasing the size of the sheet stabilizes high spin states relative to low spin states. Also high spin states are more favorable for non-Kekule structures of nanographene. Boron substitution in the nanographene sheets is found to stabilize low spin ground states over high spin states. The electronic structures of the nanographene sheets are used to help explain recent results on the thermoelectric properties of boron substituted nanographite ensembles.
P-57DROPPED OUT PATIENTS AT MMT CLINICS IN VIETNAM

Introduction. Longer retention in drug abuse treatment is associated with better patient outcomes. This study is to evaluate the drop-out rates and the reasons for the early drop-out of patients in the SMART TA methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics in Vietnam. Methods. Data from the monthly reports between 2011 and 2013 was collected from 17 clinics in 9 provinces for this retro-prospective data analysis. The number of drop-outs was calculated by using the number of patients who have ever enrolled into the program and total number of dropped out patients by the end of time period. The reasons for early drop-out were also analyzed. Results. A total of 1471 cumulative patients dropped out of the MMT program, indicating a drop-out rate of less than 4% per month per clinic. Among those who dropped out, 24% moved to other clinics, 9% died, and 67% dropped out completely. Reasons for permanent drop-out includes: returned to 06 centers (3%), arrested (25%), moved to other places (4%), other and unknown reasons (69%) Conclusion. Results of the study suggested that the rate of dropped out patients was low compared to other neighboring countries, and there is need to improve the loss to follow up.
Useless Losers: Marginality and Modernization in Early Meiji Japan

Nation-building initiatives during Japan's Meiji period (1868–1912) erected a rigid normalcy that galvanized a culture of exclusionism. They afforded broader spheres of social activity but a narrower range of acceptable behaviors, greater opportunities for individual empowerment but less tolerance for individuality itself. Backward-looking artists and writers were particularly susceptible to these developments, many earning repute as “useless losers,” heretics, or traitors. This article speaks to the dynamics between modernity and marginalization through an analysis of the exclusionism that accompanied Japan's modernization initiatives in the late nineteenth century. It demonstrates how Meiji's modernization program fostered the development of new paradigms of knowledge while condemning non-conformists as social misfits. The article begins with a review of early Meiji's construction of normalcy and then proceeds with a discussion of talented writers and artists rendered irrelevant by this process, ultimat...
Molecular Dynamics Study of Temperature Effects on Electrokinetic Transport in Si Nanochannel

We studied temperature effects on the electrokinetic transport in the nanochannel with a slab geometry using a molecular dynamic (MD) model. A simple, previously published system consisting of Na+ and Cl− ions dissolved in water and confined between fixed crystalline silicon walls with negatively charged inner surfaces in an external electric field was chosen as a benchmark. Dependence of the fluid flow on the temperature and thermostating techniques was examined. The variation of resulting areal mass flux density and molecular velocity profiles across the channel with initial conditions was explored to asses the statistical significance of the results. It was found that, at least at the size scale, surface charge density, electric field and ionic concentrations of the benchmark system, the water flux and even its direction are directly controlled by temperature.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Myocardial oxygen consumption after major coronary artery occlusion in anaesthetized dogs with constant left ventricular workload

In dog preparations with fixed external workload, reduction of functioning myocardium from 13.3 to 40.9% by coronary artery occlusion (CAO) did not affect myocardial oxygen consumption for periods up to 77 min following CAO. Thus, the use of reserve capacity supplementing equal functional loss of myocardium does not alter oxygen consumption.
Color Tissue Doppler Myocardial Velocities Consistently Underestimate Spectral Tissue Doppler Velocities: Impact on Calculation Peak Transmitral Pulsed Doppler Velocity/Early Diastolic Tissue Doppler Velocity (E/Ea)

Background Color tissue Doppler (TD) measures mean myocardial velocities, whereas spectral TD measures peak velocities. Given that most data on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function used spectral TD, we investigated whether the differences in myocardial velocities between these modalities resulted in discrepancies in calculated E/Ea. Methods Patients were imaged using an ultrasound machine. The systolic (Sa), early diastolic (Ea), and late diastolic (Aa) myocardial velocities by color and spectral TD were measured at basal and midsegments of the LV septal, lateral, inferior, and anterior walls in the apical views. The average of basal septal and lateral Ea was combined with the early transmitral diastolic velocity (E) to obtain E/Ea. Results In all, 31 patients were imaged, with a mean LV ejection fraction of 47.7% ± 19.9. There were significant correlations between Sa, Ea, and Aa by color and spectral TD at all sites ( R = 0.92, P R = 0.85, P P P Conclusions Although significant correlations exist, myocardial velocities measured using color TD significantly underestimate velocities by spectral TD. Consequently, E/Ea by color TD significantly overestimates E/Ea using spectral TD, which could lead to errors in assessment of LV diastolic function.
Gas chromatographic determination of Zinophos residue in soil

Although a spectrophotofluorometric method of analysis for Zinophos (0,0-diethyl 0, 2-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate) is already available(3), it seemed probable that a less complex procedure could be developed, capitalizing on the great selectivity for phosphorus compounds of a gas Chromatograph equipped with a sodium flame detector(1).
Strong nonresonance of Schro¨dinger operators and an averaging theorem

Abstract We prove that linear Schrodinger operators -tΔ + q on a torus or ona bounded smooth domain in R d considered with Dirichlet boundary conditions, have a strongly nonresonant spectrum for any potential q of generic type (generic in the sense of Kolmogorov measure). As a consequence, a Krylov-Bogolubov averaging theorem holds for nonlinear perturbations of the corresponding Schrodinger evolution equations.
Ethnic Assimilation and Corporate Group

Among the modes of accommodation which occur in the contact between different cultural groups are fusion and assimilation. Both are processes which result in changes in membership and in the eventual disappearance of one or more of the original groups. As defined here, assimilation is a process by which part or all of a membership group becomes part of another group and these people are no longer identified with the original group. For instance, the descendants of many Chinese immigrants in Thailand have been assimilated and are today considered Thai.2 Fusion differs in that the members of two groups merge into a new entity, such as the fusion of Spanish and Indians emerging as the Mexican nation.3
Parallel single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping by surface invasive cleavage with universal detection.

Large-scale investigations of sequence variation within the human species will provide information about the basis of heritable variation in disease susceptibility and human migration. The surface invader assay (an adaptation of the invasive cleavage reaction to an array format) is capable of exquisitely sensitive and specific detection of genetic variation. It is shown here that this genotyping technology can be multiplexed in a DNA array format, permitting the parallel analysis of a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) directly from an unamplified genomic DNA target. In addition, a “universal” mode of detection was developed that makes use of a mixture of degenerate templates for DNA ligation to the surface-bound cleaved oligonucleotides and thereby makes this strategy amenable to any desired SNP site or combination of SNP sites, without regard to their particular DNA sequences. This approach was demonstrated on a proof-of-principle scale using small DNA arrays to genotype 6 SNP markers in th...
Estimation of standby leakage power in CMOS circuits considering accurate modeling of transistor stacks

Low supply voltage requires the device threshold to be reduced in order to maintain performance. Due to the exponential relationship between leakage current and threshold voltage in the weak inversion region, leakage power can no longer be ignored. In this paper we present a technique to accurately estimate leakage power by accurately modeling the leakage current in transistor stacks. The standby leakage current model has been verified by IISPICE. We demonstrate that the dependence of leakage power on primary input combinations can be accounted for by this model. Based on our analysis we can determine good bounds for leakage power in the standby mode. As a by-product of this analysis, we can also determine the set of input vectors which can put the circuits in the low-power standby mode. Results on a large number of benchmarks indicate that proper input selection can reduce the standby leakage power by more than 50% for some circuits.
A new technique for beveling the tips of glass capillary micropipettes and microelectrodes.

Abstract 1. Tips of glass capillary microelectrodes can readily be beveled using a new type of electrode sharpener. The beveled electrodes are sharp enough to penetrate cells with minimum injury while effecting the advantages of large tip openings for cell injection or passing large currents.
Predictability of Silurian Fossil-Konservat-Lagerstatten in North America

Fossil-Konservat-Lagerstatten from a limited time frame can be classified in a way that provides predictive value, demonstrating that it is possible to prospect for additional deposits of exceptionally preserved fossils. Q-mode cluster analysis reveals that eight Silurian Lagerstatten in North America are divisible into two groups on the basis of biotic components and sedimentary features: eurypterid-phyllocarid-dominated (EP) biotas (Williamsville, Syracuse, Pointe-aux-Chenes, Kokomo, Waubakee) and dendroid-graptolite-characterized (DG) biotas (Brandon Bridge, Lecthaylus, Mississinewa). AU fossil deposits are characterized by fine-grained, laminated, carbonate sediment bearing evidence of anoxic depositional conditions. The EP biotas were deposited in hypersaline peritidal lagoons limited stratigraphically to Upper Silurian strata surrounding the Michigan Basin, similar Lagerstatten maybe predicted for this type of setting in North America and elsewhere in strata of like age. DG biotas are taxonomically, ecologically, stratigraphically, and areally more diverse than EP biotas, and these Lagerstunen are less easily predicted. OFOSSIL-KONSERVAT-LACERSTATTEN, Silurian, cluster analysis, prediction.
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase in hydra

Abstract γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase (EC 2.3.2.2) activity is described in the coelenterate, Hydra attenuata , using the substrate γ-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide. The properties of the γ-glutamyl donor required for binding to the transpeptidase were investigated by measuring the ability of GSH analogs to inhibit the release of p-nitroaniline. Whereas no binding was observed when the γ-glutamyl moiety was altered, analogs with substitution in the Cys residue were capable of binding to the enzyme. A specificity for the Gly residue was indicated because analogs containing Leu or Tyr in place of Gly exhibited decreased binding capacities for the hydra transpeptidase. A comparison of these data with those obtained using the same analogs in the GSH induced feeding response bioassay shows that γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity and the GSH receptor for the hydra feeding response have different specificities.
A Variational principle for waves of infinite depth

We shall discuss periodic waves at the free surface of an ocean of infinite depth. The motion of the fluid is assumed to be two-dimensional, inviscid, incompressible and irrotational. The only external force acting on the fluid is the constant force of gravity. With respect to a coordinate system which travels with the same velocity as the wave, the flow that we shall investigate can be considered as steady. The complex potential