cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recapture of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) males: influence of lure type and pheromone background.

Recapture of marked male codling moths, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), released four distances from traps was measured in experiments comparing either lure type or mating disruption. Experiment 1 assessed recapture by 0.1, 1, and 10 mg of codlemone lures. Experiments 2 and 3 assessed moth recapture in orchard plots with 0, 500, or 1,000 Isomate C Plus dispensers per ha. Moths were released 1, 3, 10, and 30 m downwind of the trap in experiments 1 and 2, and 3, 10, 30, and 45 m in experiment 3. Lure type did not affect recapture, however, significantly more moths were recaptured at 3 m compared with 10 or 30 m. Most moths recaptured ≤10 m of the trap were recaptured by day 3, whereas most of the moths recaptured ≥10 m were recaptured after day 3. Thus, 0.1-, 1-, and 10-mg lures, have an attractive range of between 10 and 30 m in orchards lacking mating disruption. Both mating disruption rates greatly reduced moth recapture, and moths recaptured under a 1,000 dispenser per ha rate were recaptured from ≤10 m and within the first 2 d after release. Similar results were observed when release points were expanded to 45 m. Thus, results suggest that pheromone dispenser technologies and placement strategies that maximize disruption of males that arise within 10 m of a female are needed to markedly improve mating disruption.
Optimal sensor placement for parametric model identification of electrical networks, Part II: Estimation under output feedback

In this paper we present an algorithm for choosing optimal measurement points on the edges of a network of dynamic electrical oscillators such that the noise-corrupted electrical signals measured by sensors at that point can be used for generating the most accurate estimates for the network model. Assuming that the measured outputs are fed back to the network nodes to increase system damping we show that the Cramer-Rao bounds for the model estimates are functions of the sensor locations on every edge in the network. We finally state the condition for finding the optimal sensor locations to achieve the tightest Cramer-Rao bounds. An interesting observation is that unlike the algorithm derived in Part-I of this paper [1], where the open-loop configuration of the system allows us to optimize the bounds in a distributed fashion for each individual edge, here the problem no longer has that decoupled structure under the influence of feedback and must be carried out in a centralized way.
Characterization of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the freely behaving neonatal rat

In a previous study, we demonstrated that long-term depression (a lasting diminishment in synaptic strength) can be reliably induced in the hippocampal dentate in the anesthetized adult rat. Subsequently, we reported on findings of bidirectional plasticity in freely behaving rats at two ages of development (15 and 90 days of age). However, key questions concerning the age at which bidirectional regulation of synaptic plasticity begin to occur in the hippocampus remain unanswered. In the present study, we address these questions by examining electrophysiological data in freely behaving rats at 12 days of age. Specifically, we recorded extracellular field potentials from the hippocampal subfield known as the dentate gyrus evoked by stimulation of the lateral perforant pathway at 1 Hz. Preliminary results indicate that long-term depression, a neuronal response mechanism impacting on synaptic transmission efficacy, is already in place by the 12th day of postnatal development. These preliminary findings may provide evidence of age-related changes in dynamic gain regulation of synaptic response and, therefore, may have important implications for memory and learning in developing neural circuits.
Current Issues in Alternative Investments and Econometric Methods

In this section, several articles covering a broad range of alternative investments, such as hedge funds, commodities, real estate and private equity are reviewed.
Depolarizing effect of neocortical chandelier neurons

Chandelier (or axo-axonic) cells are one of the most distinctive types of GABAergic interneurons in the cortex. Although they have traditionally been considered inhibitory neurons, data from rat and human neocortical preparations suggest that chandelier cells have a depolarizing effect on pyramidal neurons at resting membrane potential, and could even activate synaptic chains of neurons. At the same time, recent results from rat hippocampal chandeliers indicate a predominantly inhibitory effect on their postsynaptic targets. To better understand the function of chandelier neurons, we generated Nkx2.1Cre MADM mice, a strain of genetically engineered animals that, by expressing GFP in a subset of neocortical interneurons, enable the identification and targeting of chandelier cells in living brain slices. Using these mice, we characterized the basic electrophysiological properties of a homogeneous population of chandelier neurons from upper layers of somatosensory cortical slices. These chandelier cells have characteristic axon cartridges and stereotypical electrophysiological features, distinguishable from basket cells. To investigate the effect of chandelier cells on target neurons, we performed paired recordings from chandeliers and postsynaptic pyramidal cells. In both perforated patch and cell-attached configurations, chandelier PSPs have in every case a reversal potential that is depolarized from rest. Our results support the idea that chandelier cells depolarize pyramidal neurons and could potentially have an excitatory effect on the network at rest.
Myocardial Adaptation to Short-term High-intensity Exercise in Highly Trained Athletes

We aimed to clarify the myocardial adaptation to short-term high-intensity exercise among trained athletes. We screened 17 participants in the 2004 World Indoor Rowing Championships before and after a 2000-m sprint. Echocardiography included standard measurements and tissue Doppler–derived strain (e), strain rate, and 2-dimensionally derived speckle-tracking imaging for left ventricular (LV) torsion. LV volumes and ejection fraction were unchanged after exercise. There was a reduction in early and an increase in late diastolic filling velocities and a decrease in the flow propagation velocity. Annular systolic velocities, slope of the systolic acceleration, septal and lateral e, and speckle tracking–derived torsion were increased. The increased LV torsion was a result of increased basal and apical rotation. Right ventricular apical e decreased. In conclusion, maximal intensity short-duration exercise was associated with attenuation of LV diastolic function, augmentation of LV systolic function, and a reduction in apical right ventricular contractility.
A generalized series approach to MR spectroscopic imaging

The problem of precise spatial localization of spectral information in magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging is addressed. A novel method, called GSLIM (generalized spectral location by imaging), is proposed to make possible the marriage of high-resolution proton imaging with spectroscopic imaging and localization. This method improves on the conventional Fourier series inversion method used in chemical shift imaging (CSI) and the compartmental modeling method used in SLIM by using a generalized series framework for optimal representation of the spectral function. In this way, a priori information extracted from proton imaging can be used, as in SLIM, and the robustness and data consistency of CSI are also retained. Simulation results show that GSLIM can significantly reduce spectral leakage in CSI and inhomogeneity errors in SLIM. It can also reveal compartmental inhomogeneities, and can easily be extended to handle other a priori constraints when necessary. This approach, with some further development, may achieve an optimal combination of sensitivity, quantitative accuracy, speed, and flexibility for in vivo spectroscopy. >
Setting National Policies and Standards for Immunization Information Systems

Immunization Information Systems (IIS) are confidential, computerized, population-based systems that collect and consolidate vaccination data from vaccination providers and provide important tools for designing and sustaining effective immunization strategies (National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Immunization information systems [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). At the point of clinical care, an IIS can provide consolidated immunization histories for use by a vaccination provider in determining appropriate client vaccinations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in collaboration with key stakeholders, works to ensure IIS are responsive to the needs of the Immunization programs at all levels of government and that these systems take advantage of advances in technology and are aligned with national data and exchange standards. CDC’s Immunization program publishes IIS Minimum Functional Standards that provides a framework for the development of IIS through 2017 that describes specific standards that address the IIS programmatic goals, and operational and technical capacities that all IIS should achieve by the end of 2017. These standards were developed through a consensus process from a variety of IIS managers and technical experts from across the US. Several examples of data, standards and systems are provided for each functional standard. This chapter also will examine various policy and technology drivers such as the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) EHR Incentive Programs’ Meaningful Use criteria.
Raising the standards of stem cell line quality

Yaffe and colleagues discuss the issues surrounding the authentication and quality of induced pluripotent stem cells.
Spectral properties of a strongly coupled quantum-dot–metal-nanoparticle system

We investigate the coherent control of the quantum optical properties of a quantum dot coupled to a metallic nanoparticle using a photon Green's function method, which is based on the exact quantization of the electromagnetic fields in a dissipative medium. The properties of the spontaneous emission spectra of such a system are studied in detail with and without involving the coherent field. The Rabi splitting effect in the spectrum emitted by the quantum dot under particular conditions is predicted for different sizes of the metal nanoparticles. We show that the spontaneous emission spectra of the transition coupled to surface plasmons may be further modified by adjusting the external coherent control on the adjacent transitions. Furthermore, the pronounced oscillatory behavior for the quantum-dot dynamics is demonstrated with the presence of the metal nanoparticle by the non-Markovian treatment. Our results may have potential applications in plasmonic-based quantum manipulation.
Dph3 Is an Electron Donor for Dph1-Dph2 in the First Step of Eukaryotic Diphthamide Biosynthesis

Diphthamide, the target of diphtheria toxin, is a unique posttranslational modification on translation elongation factor 2 (EF2) in archaea and eukaryotes. The biosynthesis of diphthamide was proposed to involve three steps. The first step is the transfer of the 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl group from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) to the histidine residue of EF2, forming a C-C bond. Previous genetic studies showed this step requires four proteins in eukaryotes, Dph1-Dph4. However, the exact molecular functions for the four proteins are unknown. Previous study showed that Pyrococcus horikoshii Dph2 (PhDph2), a novel iron-sulfur cluster-containing enzyme, forms a homodimer and is sufficient for the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis in vitro. Here we demonstrate by in vitro reconstitution that yeast Dph1 and Dph2 form a complex (Dph1-Dph2) that is equivalent to the homodimer of PhDph2 and is sufficient to catalyze the first step in vitro in the presence of dithionite as the reductant. We further demonstrate that yeast Dph3 (also known as KTI11), a CSL-type zinc finger protein, can bind iron and in the reduced state can serve as an electron donor to reduce the Fe-S cluster in Dph1-Dph2. Our study thus firmly establishes the functions for three of the proteins involved in eukaryotic diphthamide biosynthesis. For most radical SAM enzymes in bacteria, flavodoxins and flavodoxin reductases are believed to serve as electron donors for the Fe-S clusters. The finding that Dph3 is an electron donor for the Fe-S clusters in Dph1-Dph2 is thus interesting and opens up new avenues of research on electron transfer to Fe-S proteins in eukaryotic cells.
Determination of Thiamphenicol,Florfenicol and Florfenicol Amine in Lyophilized Royal Jelly Powder by HPLC

Objective To establish the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of thiamphenicol(TAP),florfenicol(FF)and florfenicol amine(FFA)in Lyophilized royal jelly powder.Method The analytes were extracted by ethyl acetate-acetonitrile-ammonia,purified by gel permeation chromatography(GPC) and detected by fluorescence detector.Results The average recoveries and relative standard deviations(RSDs)for the analyts were in the range of 84.6%-99.1%and 6.02%-9.81% (n=6),respectively.Good linearities were obtained in the concentration ranging from 0.20-5.0 mg/L for TAP and FF,and 0.10-4.0 mg/L for FFA.The limits of detection were 0.025mg/kg for TAP and FF,and 0.015 mg/kg for FFA.Conclusion The method is rapid,sensitive and can meet the needs for detection of thiamphenicol,florfenicol and florfenicol amine in lyophilized royal jelly powder.
Grey target decision method based on uncertain evidence aggregation under conflict interest participants

A aggregation method of incomplete weight information on criteria under conflict group is suggested.Firstly,a minimum evidence distance calculation model among all evidence is proposed when the weight of criteria is taken as evidence.Then the upper and lower weight values under the incomplete information are estimated based on the minimum evidence distance.Furthermore,the weight factor of evidence aggregation is defined to solve the problem of conflict evidence aggregation.The extension method on grey target decision is suggested,which estimates the possible target distribution range of each alternative.Finally,the alternative evaluation on brown-field redevelopment is discussed.
Hypertransaminasemia and hypophosphoremia in an adolescent with anorexia nervosa: an event to watch for

Background Anorexia Nervosa is a Psychiatric eating disorder of adolescence age with a high morbidity and mortality.
Large-area Sources and Two-source Control

For industrial applications of thin films, it is very essential to have uniform thickness of the deposit over a large substrate area. Rods have been considered as evaporation sources, and several arrangements of rods have been theoretically investigated. The greatest uniformity in thickness is still obtained from a ring source. It is shown that a number of concentric rings can yield a very uniform deposit. This is true for rings of point sources as well as for those of surface sources. With such a multi-turn source, high evaporation rates can be obtained. If an alloy is to be deposited, its chemical composition can be easily varied by simultaneous evaporation from two concentric sources of the constituents. Crystal oscillators are used to control the evaporation rate. This procedure is discussed.
Efficient difference-frequency mixing of single-mode diode lasers in AgGaS 2

Recent advances in the development of single-mode III-V diode laser technology now offer the possibility of using cw diode lasers as pump sources in difference-frequency generation (DFG). Because of the small size and low power consumption of diode lasers, a robust, portable diode laser based DFG spectrometer especially suitable for environmental and medical applications can be designed.
Criminalizing Women: Global Strategies for Denying Female Victimization

Global statistics show that nearly a third of the world’s girls and women will be the victims of violence. Women who are victimized have long known that they live in communities that blame them for their injuries due to patriarchal values. Global trends suggest that increasingly this victim blaming is being formally incorporated into law. This chapter explores the women’s criminalization of women’s victimizations in four areas: the merging of religion and law to criminalize female sexuality and sexual expression; the demonization and sexualization of “enemy” women as a justification for mass rape in wartime; the criminalization of reproductive rights; and the use of courts to punish victims of sexual abuse who run away from their abusers. Through this discussion, the authors suggest that the pattern of criminalizing women and girls’ victimization requires both research to document and action to challenge the “legal” abuse of women and enforcement of patriarchal privilege.
Whose Disgust Is It Anyway?: Projection and Projective Identification in the Couple Relationship

In this commentary on Josephs’s paper on Oedipal disgust, I emphasize that disgust is best viewed as a symptom of an interpersonal dynamic that may reflect a range of underlying unconscious issues beyond threats to attachment. Disgust, like all affective experience, doesn’t only arise in response to interpersonal experience; it is also created interpersonally through projection and projective identification. In my view, disgust signals a breakdown, a failure in the couple’s capacity to engage in the communicative processes essential to all intimate relationships for negotiating the fragile balances between separation and merger, love and hate, creativity and destruction.
How Firms Leverage Crowds and Communities for Open Innovation

There are many similarities in how firms pursuing an open innovation strategy can utilize crowds and communities as sources of external innovations. At the same time, the differences between these two network forms of collaboration have previously been blurred or overlooked. In this chapter, we integrate research on crowds and communities, identifying a third form — a crowd-community hybrid — that combines attributes of both. We compare examples of each of these three network forms, such as open source software communities, gated contests, crowdsourcing tournaments, user-generated content and crowd science. We then summarize the intrinsic, extrinsic and structural factors that enable individual and organizational participation in these collaborations. Finally, we contrast how these collaborative forms differ in terms of their degree of innovativeness and relevance to firm goals. From this, we identify opportunities for future research on these topics.
Sources, distributions and dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the Canada and Makarov Basins

A comprehensive survey of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was conducted in the Canada and Makarov Basins and adjacent seas during 2010-2012 to investigate the dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Arctic Ocean. Sources and distributions of DOM in polar surface waters were very heterogeneous and closely linked to hydrological conditions. Canada Basin surface waters had relatively low DOC concentrations (69±6 µmol L-1), CDOM absorption (a325: 0.32±0.07 m-1) and CDOM-derived lignin phenols (3±0.4 nmol L-1) and high spectral slope values (S275-295: 31.7±2.3 µm-1), indicating minor terrigenous inputs and evidence of photochemical alteration in the Beaufort Gyre. By contrast, surface waters of the Makarov Basin had elevated DOC (108±9 µmol L-1) and lignin phenol concentrations (15±3 nmol L-1), high a325 values (1.36±0.18 m-1) and low S275-295 values (22.8±0.8 µm-1), indicating pronounced Siberian river inputs associated with the Transpolar Drift and minor photochemical alteration. Observations near the Mendeleev Plain suggested limited interactions of the Transpolar Drift with Canada Basin waters, a scenario favoring export of Arctic DOM to the North Atlantic. The influence of sea-ice melt on DOM was region-dependent, resulting in an increase (Beaufort Sea), a decrease (Bering-Chukchi Seas), and negligible change (deep basins) in surface DOC concentrations and a325 values. Halocline structures differed between basins, and the Canada Basin upper halocline and Makarov Basin halocline were comparable in their average DOC (65-70 µmol L-1) and lignin phenol concentrations (3-4 nmol L-1) and S275-295 values (22.9-23.7 µm-1). Deep-water DOC concentrations decreased by 6-8 µmol L-1 with increasing depth, water mass age, nutrient concentrations, and apparent oxygen utilization. Maximal estimates of DOC degradation rates (0.036-0.039 µmol L-1 yr-1) in the deep Arctic were lower than those in other ocean basins, possibly due to low water temperatures. DOC concentrations in bottom waters (>2500 m; 46±2 µmol L-1) of the Canada and Makarov Basins were slightly lower than those reported for deep waters of the Eurasian Basin and Nordic Seas. Elevated a325 values (by 10-20%) were observed near the seafloor, indicating biological activity in Arctic basin sediments.
Performance evaluation of hybrid CNN for SIPPER plankton image calssification

Plankton are a diverse group of organisms that live in large bodies of water. They are a major souce of food for fishes and other larger aquatic organisms. The distribution of plankton plays an important role in the marine ecosystem. The study of plankton distribution relies heavily on classification of plankton images taken by underwater imaging systems. Since plankton are very different in terms of both size and shape; plankton image classification poses a significant challenge. In this paper we proposed the use of hybrid classification algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). In particular, we provide an in depth comparison of the experimental results of CNN with Support Vector Machine and CNN with Random Forest. Unlike traditional image classification techniques these hybrid CNN based approaches do not rely on features engineering and can be efficiently scaled up to include new classes. Our experimental results on the SIPPER dataset show improvement in classification accuracy over the state of the art approaches.
Abstract 4488: Folate receptor targeted therapy using small molecule drug conjugates constructed with high affinity antifolate ligands

Folate receptor (FR)-targeted small molecule drug conjugates (SMDC) have shown promising clinical results. To date, all related SMDCs have been constructed with folic acid. Whereas folic acid displays very high affinity for the FR (kd ∼ 0.1 nM), antifolates with similar high binding affinity and specificity have also been reported. This knowledge prompted our investigation towards substituting the folic acid targeting moiety in our SMDCs with high affinity antifolates, such as CB3717 (a thymidylate synthase inhibitor), and the glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFTase) inhibitors, AG94 and AG147, thereby testing the hypothesis that greater antitumor activity should result from the combination of inhibitors. Using mice bearing FR-positive human tumor xenografts, we observed curative activity with a CB3717-based vinca alkaloid SMDC under conditions where no cures resulted with vintafolide (EC145) treatment. Similarly, tubulysin SMDCs constructed with AG94 and AG147 were found to produce curative activity using a dosing regimen where a folic acid-tubulysin conjugate did not. Of note, treatment of mice with simple co-mixtures of the antifolates and untargeted drugs was found to be ineffective, thereby confirming the need for linking the two moieties together to produce maximal activity. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that high affinity antifolates can be used in an SMDC format serving as both a high affinity targeting ligand and as a second drug having different, and perhaps a complementary mechanism of action to yield greater antitumor activity. Citation Format: Christopher P. Leamon, Joseph A. Reddy, Iontcho R. Vlahov, Fei You, Hanna F. Klein, Paul J. Kleindl, Melissa Nelson, Marilynn Vetzel, Patrick J. Klein, Larry H. Matherly, Aleem Gangjee. Folate receptor targeted therapy using small molecule drug conjugates constructed with high affinity antifolate ligands. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4488. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4488
Social networking sites: an exploration of the effect of national cultural dimensions on country adoption rates and usage patterns

This study investigates the impact of Hofstede's cultural framework on adoption rates of social networking sites (SNS) and usage patterns across 30 countries, while controlling for a country's median age, urban population level and mobile internet penetration. Hierarchical regressions are conducted. Findings reveal that masculinity/femininity (MAS), uncertainty avoidance (UAI) and long-term orientation (LTO), significantly impact nations' adoption levels of SNS above and beyond the effects of median age and urban population level. Conversely, only LTO was found to be a significant predictor of average time spent on SNS. It is among the first to specifically relate cultural perspectives to country adoption levels and usage patterns of SNS. Moreover, it incorporates a fuller range of cultural dimensions than previous studies. We provide a theoretical framework and supporting empirical evidence to underscore the importance of cultural impacts on SNS adoption behaviour across countries. Implications, limitations and directions for future research are provided.
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems with Chaos and Big Data: A Case Study of Epileptic Seizure Prediction and Control

The modeling of dynamic behavior of systems is a ubiquitous problem in all facets of human endeavors. Importantly so, dynamical systems have been studied and modeled since the nineteenth century and currently applied in almost all branches of sciences and engineering including social sciences. The development of computers and scientific/numerical methods has accelerated the pace of new developments in modeling both linear and nonlinear dynamical systems. However, modeling complex physical system behaviors as nonlinear dynamical systems is still difficult and challenging. General approaches to solving such systems typically fail and require personalized problem dependent techniques to satisfy the constraints imposed based on the initial conditions to predict state space trajectories. In addition, they require enormous computational power available on supercomputers. Numerical tools such as HPCmatlab enable rapid prototyping of algorithms for large scale computations and data analysis. BigData applications are computationally intensive and I/O bound. An example, state of the art case study involving big data of epileptic seizure prediction and control is presented. The nonlinear dynamical model is based on the biology of the brain and its neurons, chaotic systems, nonlinear signal processing, and feedback and adaptive systems. The goal is to develop new feedback controllers for the suppression of epileptic seizures based on electroencephalographic (EEG) data by altering the brain dynamics through the use of electrical stimulation. The research is expected to contribute to new modes of treatment for epilepsy and other dynamical brain disorders.
Abstract 150: S-nitrosylation Of Thioredoxin1 At Cysteine 73 Promotes Trans-nitrosylation, Autophagy And Cell Survival During Glucose Deprivation.

Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is a key antioxidant protein that is known to play a protective role in the heart during oxidative stress mainly through its oxidoreductase activity. Trx1 can be S-nitrosylated and, in turn, can trans-nitrosylate other proteins. However, the role of Trx1-dependent S-nitrosylation in cardiomyocytes (CMs) is not known. Here, we investigated the role of Trx1-mediated protein S-nitrosylation in the regulation of CM survival in response to stress. Using the biotin-switch assay, we found that wild-type Trx1 (Trx1WT) was S-nitrosylated, whereas the extent of S-nitrosylation was attenuated in Trx1C73S, suggesting that Trx1 is S-nitrosylated at Cys73. Also, we observed that the redox activity of Trx1 was intact in the Trx1C73S mutant. Overall protein S-nitrosylation in rat neonatal CMs was increased in response to 4 hrs of glucose deprivation (GD). Using biotin-switch assay and immunocytochemistry (fluorescent staining of s-nitrosylated cysteines), we observed that overexpression of Trx1WT increased, whereas short-hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Trx1 (shTrx1) or overexpression of Trx1C73S decreased, total protein S-nitrosylation in response to GD. These results suggest that Trx1Cys73 plays a key role in the regulation of protein S-nitrosylation in CMs during GD. Overexpression of Trx1 increased CM survival after 24 hrs of GD (Trx1WT vs. LacZ: propidium iodide assay, 0.5 ± 0.08-fold, p
Comparison of Non‐Coding RNAs in Exosomes and Functional Efficacy of Human Embryonic Stem Cell‐ versus Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiomyocytes

Background: Both human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESC-CMs) and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) can serve as unlimited cell sources for cardiac regenerative therapy. However, the functional equivalency between human ESC-CMs and iPSC-CMs for cardiac regenerative therapy has not been demonstrated. Here we performed a head-to-head comparison of ESC-CMs and iPSC-CMs in their ability to restore cardiac function in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model as well as their exosomal secretome. Methods and Results: Human ESCs and iPSCs were differentiated into cardiomyocytes using small molecule inhibitors. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis confirmed ∼85% and ∼83% of CMs differentiated from ESCs and iPSCs, respectively, were positive for cardiac troponin T. At a single-cell level, both cell types displayed similar calcium handling and electrophysiological properties, with gene expression comparable to the human fetal heart marked by striated sarcomeres. Sub-acute transplantation of ESC-CMs and iPSC-CMs into nude rats post-MI improved cardiac function, which was associated with increased expression of angiogenic genes in vitro following hypoxia. Profiling of exosomal microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) revealed that both groups contain an identical repertoire of miRs and lncRNAs, including some that are known to be cardioprotective. Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that both ESC-CMs and iPSC-CMs can facilitate comparable cardiac repair. This is advantageous because unlike allogeneic ESC-CMs used in therapy, autologous iPSC-CMs could potentially avoid immune rejection when used for cardiac cell transplantation in the future. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A Hybrid 3D Printing and Robotic-assisted Embedding Approach for Design and Fabrication of Nerve Cuffs with Integrated Locking Mechanisms

The ability to interface electronic materials with the peripheral nervous system is required for stimulation and monitoring of neural signals. Thus, the design and engineering of robust neural interfaces that maintain material-tissue contact in the presence of material or tissue micromotion offer the potential to conduct novel measurements and develop future therapies that require chronic interface with the peripheral nervous system. However, such remains an open challenge given the constraints of existing materials sets and manufacturing approaches for design and fabrication of neural interfaces. Here, we investigated the potential to leverage a rapid prototyping approach for the design and fabrication of nerve cuffs that contain supporting features to mechanically stabilize the interaction between cuff electrodes and peripheral nerve. A hybrid 3D printing and robotic-embedding (i.e., pick-and-place) system was used to design and fabricate silicone nerve cuffs (800 µm diameter) containing conforming platinum (Pt) electrodes. We demonstrate that the electrical impedance of the cuff electrodes can be reduced by deposition of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on cuff electrodes via a post-processing electropolymerization technique. The computer-aided design and manufacturing approach was also used to design and integrate supporting features to the cuff that mechanically stabilize the interface between the cuff electrodes and the peripheral nerve. Both ‘self-locking’ and suture-assisted locking mechanisms are demonstrated based on the principle of making geometric alterations to the cuff opening via 3D printing. Ultimately, this work shows 3D printing offers considerable opportunity to integrate supporting features, and potentially even novel electronic materials, into nerve cuffs that can support the design and engineering of next generation neural interfaces.
Use of Inpatient Palliative Care by Type of Malignancy.

Abstract Background: Although mounting evidence supports the use of palliative care (PC) to improve care experiences and quality of life for oncology patients, the frequency of and factors associat...
Confining electrodeposition of metals in structured electrolytes.

Electrochemical cells based on alkali metal (Li, Na) anodes have attracted significant recent attention because of their promise for producing large increases in gravimetric energy density for energy storage in batteries. To facilitate stable, long-term operation of such cells a variety of structured electrolytes have been designed in different physical forms, ranging from soft polymer gels to hard ceramics, including nanoporous versions of these ceramics that host a liquid or molten polymer in their pores. In almost every case, the electrolytes are reported to be substantially more effective than anticipated by early theories in improving uniformity of deposition and lifetime of the metal anode. These observations have been speculated to reflect the effect of electrolyte structure in regulating ion transport to the metal electrolyte interface, thereby stabilizing metal electrodeposition processes at the anode. Here we create and study model structured electrolytes composed of covalently linked polymer grafted nanoparticles that host a liquid electrolyte in the pores. The electrolytes exist as freestanding membranes with effective pore size that can be systematically manipulated through straightforward control of the volume fraction of the nanoparticles. By means of physical analysis and direct visualization experiments we report that at current densities approaching the diffusion limit, there is a clear transition from unstable to stable electrodeposition at Li metal electrodes in membranes with average pore sizes below 500 nm. We show that this transition is consistent with expectations from a recent theoretical analysis that takes into account local coupling between stress and ion transport at metal–electrolyte interfaces.
Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease

Pulmonary disease is the leading cause of hospitalizations and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) (Steen VD, Medsger Jr TA. Changes in causes of death in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:940–4). This chapter will discuss the management of ILD in SSc with a focus on whom to treat, how long to treat, and what pharmacological therapies to use. Previous chapters in this textbook have discussed the pathogenesis of SSc-ILD in detail.
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype is associated with reduced neuropsychological performance in military veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele on neuropsychological functioning in military Veterans with a remote history of mild t...
Aptamer-based lateral flow assay for point of care cortisol detection in sweat

Abstract A new aptamer-based lateral flow strip assay has been designed and developed for on-site rapid detection of cortisol in sweat. Cortisol in sweat has been identified as a key biomarker to monitor physiological stress. A highly sensitive and specific cortisol sensor was achieved by conjugating cortisol-selective aptamers to the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Aptamer-functionalized AuNPs are stable against salt-induced aggregation. When cortisol molecules are present in the sample, they interact with the designed aptamers causing their desorption from the AuNP surface. Free AuNPs can then be captured by reaction with cysteamine immobilized on the test zone of the lateral flow test strip. This enables the visual detection of cortisol within minutes. Important parameters that affect the detection sensitivity in both solution and lateral flow assays, such as the loading density of aptamers per AuNP, salt and cysteamine concentrations, were investigated to provide the optimum assay performance. This hand-held device successfully exhibited a visual limit of detection of 1 ng/mL, readily covering the normal range of free cortisol in sweat (8–140 ng/mL). No significant cross reactivity to other stress biomarkers was observed. The advantages of this paper-based biosensor over previously reported test strips include the use of aptamers (which are more stable, simpler to use and lower cost than antibodies) and a simplified lateral flow assay (LFA) strip design (without the use of complementary aptamers in the test line). The resulting LFA aptasensor provides a rapid, sensitive, user-friendly and cost-effective point of care device for cortisol detection in sweat and other biofluids.
Present and future ecosystem services of trees in the Bronx, NY

Abstract Trees provide ecosystem services such as air pollutant removal, carbon storage and sequestration, urban heat island reduction, stormwater runoff reduction as well as other socio-economic benefits. Large-scale tree plantings are occurring in many cities to increase tree canopy coverage as well as the health, economic and environmental benefits that come with trees. Thus, there is a need to assess the extent to which trees provide these ecosystem services, where services are realized, and most importantly to improve methods of determining future planting locations. Using a new spatially distributed implementation of the i-Tree suite of ecosystem service models and mapping tools, we estimate the current and future ecosystem services and benefits of a recent tree planting initiative within each census block group of the Bronx, NY for 2010 and for three 2030 tree cover scenarios (assuming no tree mortality, 4% and 8% annual mortality). Land cover and tree canopy estimates for 2010 are derived from a high-resolution land cover dataset. A grow-out scenario based on urban tree database information and allometric equations is used to predict future canopy cover. Change analysis is carried out at the census block group level to determine the magnitude and direction of change for each service and benefit over time. The monetary value of trees in the Bronx in 2010 is estimated to be $37.6 million, and this value is estimated to range from $40.7 million to $43.9 million in 2030 if the current canopy is maintained and newly planted trees grow to maturity.
Does baseline concussion testing aid in identifying future concussion risk

The purpose was to determine differences in pre-season baseline performance between student-athletes who suffered a future sport-related concussion (fSRC) and those who did not. Collegiate student-athletes (82 fSRC, 82 matched control, age = 18.4 ± 0.8years, height = 172.7 ± 10.3 cm, mass = 80.1 ± 20.9 kg) completed baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC). Results of the independent t-tests suggested there were no differences between the fSRC and the control groups for ImPACT composite scores (95% confidence intervals, Visual Memory: fSRC 70.4-75.9, Control 73.4-78.5, p = 0.134; Verbal Memory: fSRC 83.8-87.7, Control 85.7-89.9, p = 0.155; Reaction Time: fSRC 0.562-0.591, Control 0.580-0.614, p = 0.071; Visual Motor Speed: fSRC 38.5-41.1, Control 38.2-40.9, p = 0.757), BESS total errors (fSRC 11.3-13.7, Control 11.8-14.4, p = 0.483), or SAC (fSRC 26.6-27.4, Control 26.9-27.6, p = 0.394). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) areas-under-the-curve were 0.417-0.515. Our findings suggest that baseline concussion assessments cannot be used to predict individuals who may sustain a fSRC.
Helping Students Solve Parsons Puzzles Better

In a Parsons puzzle, the student must re-assemble the lines of a program that are provided in scrambled order, and eliminate any distracters included within the scrambled lines of code. We investigated two issues in terms of whether they helped students solve the puzzles better: 1) Would it be better to present distracters and the lines of code of which they are a variant paired together or randomly separated apart? 2) Would telling students that they would not be penalized for any mistakes they make before submitting a complete solution for the first time enable them to get closer to the correct solution when they first submit it? We conducted a controlled study over five semesters and used ANOVA to analyze the data collected from introductory programming students who solved Parsons puzzles on if-else statements. We found that when students were told that their puzzle-solving actions before the first submission would not be penalized, they took significantly more exploratory actions. But, their solution was not significantly closer to being correct. So, trial-and-error exploration was no better for solving Parsons puzzles than deliberate approach. Presenting distracters paired together with the original line of code was found to be beneficial only on the longer puzzle.
Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction

The contribution of the sacroiliac (SI) joint to low back pain is becoming increasingly recognized. Several studies have demonstrated that in patients presenting with low back pain, up to 25% may have pain that implicates the SI joint. Additionally, patients who undergo spinal fusion may have an increased rate of SI joint degeneration, further contributing to complaints of low back and referred lower extremity pain. Recognition of the SI joint as a contributor to low back pain does involve a paradigm shift for the spine surgeon. The goal of this chapter is to: Establish an understanding of the anatomy and mechanics of SI joint function and pathology Discuss clinical history and relevant physical exam and imaging findings Review diagnostic criteria and nonsurgical management options Outline a treatment algorithm and provide effective Minimally Invasive (MIS) Surgical treatment options
Epilogue: Comparing Comparison Theories: What Can We Gain?

This book brings together researchers who use different theories to test infant and children’s learning about concepts and language. To do this, chapters were invited from researchers who focus on how infants (see Chaps. 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) and children learn from multiple examples (see Chaps. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11). A concerted effort was made to include people who relied on different theories to explain unsupervised learning across stimuli to examine how these theories structured their studies, which mechanisms were posited in each theory, and what the evidence was for each theory in a domain. This final chapter discusses five main themes that can be drawn across these chapters including the following: (1) the ability to use information across exemplars can be seen early in development, (2) comparison abilities develop, (3) there are underlying mechanisms in each view that can be compared, (4) do particular procedures keep researchers from considering alternate theories?, and (5) what future directions are suggested? In conclusion, the most amazing part of learning from multiple examples is that it is powerful! By collecting ideas from a variety of thinkers who have tackled similar questions using different tools, we hope new insights will emerge for individual researchers and for the field.
O SIGNIFICADO DO USO DE MÁSCARAS

Muitos incentivos sao monetarios e, quando instituicoes publicas ou privadas buscam mudar de comportamento, e natural mudar os incentivos monetarios. Mas muitos outros incentivos sao resultantes de significados sociais , sobre os quais as pessoas podem nao deliberar, mas que podem operar como subsidios ou tributos. Em alguns momentos e lugares, por exemplo, o significado social do tabagismo tem sido positivo, aumentando o incentivo ao fumo; em outros tempos e lugares, foi negativo e, portanto, serviu para reduzir o tabagismo. No que diz respeito a seguranca e a saude, os significados sociais mudam radicalmente ao longo dos anos e podem ser drasticamente diferentes a depender do lugar. Muitas vezes, as pessoas se manifestam de acordo com os significados que lamentam ou, pelo menos, desejam que seja de outra forma. Mas e extremamente dificil para os individuos alterar os seus proprios conceitos. A alteracao de conceitos pode advir da lei, que pode, por meio de um mandato, transformar o significado da acao em um mero: "Eu cumpro a lei", ou em algo menos brando, como: "Sou um bom cidadao". A alteracao de significados sociais tambem pode advir de acao privada em larga escala, projetada ou promovida por "empreendedores que ressignificam", que pode transformar o significado da acao de "Eu sou um excentrico" para "Eu cumpro meu dever civico" ou "Eu protejo outras pessoas de danos." As vezes, subgrupos se rebelam contra significados novos ou alterados, produzidos pela lei ou por empreendedores que ressignificam, mas geralmente esses significados permanecem e produzem mudancas substanciais.
Marine Heat Wave Increased Variance and Decreased Productivity at Bering Strait during 2015–2016 †

Planktivorous auklets registered changes across two years of a marine heat wave (2015–2016). Colony attendance of crested auklets (Aethia cristatella) was reduced (35–50%) at Little Diomede I., AK in latter June 2016 compared to 2015. The pattern was similar for least auklets (A. pusilla). An anomalous marine distribution and anomalous consumption pattern were noted for crested auklets. A plot of δ15N/δ13C spanned three times the range in 2016 vs. 2015. Crested auklet RBC’s had lower δ13C values and higher δ15N in 2016. Least auklet growing primaries showed the same pattern. Advected production is important, but δ13C enrichment may have occurred later in 2016. Julian Date of sampling was more strongly correlated with δ13C of crested auklet RBCs in 2016 (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) than 2015 (r = 0.31, p = 0.01). Crested auklets had higher baseline corticosterone (t0.05(2)27 = 2.56, p < 0.05) and higher variances in 2016. The crested auklet’s citrus-like odorant was less evident in 2016 and ceased earlier in the summer. Bill pigmentation was incomplete in 11% of crested auklets (n = 82) in 2016. Planktivorous auklets are proxies for the marine ecosystem. Increased marine heat content may have imposed additive costs that decreased productivity of some top predators.