cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative life histories of fishes in the genus Phallichthys (Pisces: Poeciliidae)

This study presents a description of the life histories of all four species of the genus Phallichthys, found primarily in the Atlantic slope of Central America (ranging from northern Panama to Mexico), based on a combination of data collected from preserved and living specimens. All species produced a single litter of offspring before developing another brood (i.e. no superfoetation). In the laboratory, the mean time interval between successive litters ranged from 24 to 48 days, further suggesting that they lack superfoetation. Embryos lose from 15 to 65% of their dry mass during development, meaning all or the large majority of resources required for development are provided prior to fertilization (lecithotrophy). All mature male size distributions were platykurtotic and appeared either bimodal or multimodal. Multimodal and skewed size distributions have been associated with genetic polymorphisms for size at maturity in other species of Poeciliidae. As the sister clade to Phallichthys includes genera in which all species have superfoetation (Neoheterandria and Poeciliopsis), these results suggest that their common ancestor with Phallichthys also had superfoetation and that the trait has been lost.
Sensitivity to cadmium-chloride-induced forelimb ectrodactyly is independent of the p53 gene-dosage in the C57BL/6J mouse.

BACKGROUND: The p53 pathway plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis, osteoblast differentiation, skeletal development, and teratogenic sensitivity. The administration of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on gestational day 9 in susceptible mouse strains causes postaxial forelimb ectrodactyly in a percentage of fetuses through unknown mechanisms. In this study, the hypothesis that the p53 gene dosage might affect the incidence or severity of CdCl2–induced forelimb ectrodactyly was examined. METHODS: Heterozygous p53-null female mice, on the C57BL/6J background known to be sensitive to CdCl2-induced forelimb ectrodactyly, were mated with heterozygous males and then treated with a single intraperitoneal (ip) dose of CdCl2 (4 mg × kg−1) at embryonic day (ED) 9. Embryos and fetuses, genotyped using DNA isolated from the yolk sacs, were collected at ED10 and examined for the pattern of cell death in the limb buds or collected at ED18 and examined for limb malformations. RESULTS: In the wild type and heterozygous p53 embryonic limb buds, CdCl2-induced apoptosis involved mesenchymal cells as well as the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), whereas CdCl2-induced apoptosis was restricted mainly to the AER in the homozygous p53-null limb buds. No difference in the incidence or severity of forelimb ectrodactyly in the embryos of different p53 genotypes was observed. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that CdCl2 induced both p53-dependent (in the mesenchyme) and p53-independent (in the AER) cell death in the developing limb bud, CdCl2-induced ectrodactyly was independent of the p53 gene dosage at the studied time point. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A selective AMPA antagonist, LY293558, suppresses morphine withdrawal-induced activation of locus coeruleus neurons and behavioral signs of morphine withdrawal

The glutamate receptor subtype that mediates the morphine withdrawal-induced activation of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons was examined in this study using in vitro and in vivo single-unit electrophysiologic recordings. For LC neurons recorded in vitro in rat brain slices, the selective α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid (AMPA) antagonist, LY293558, showed a greater than 10-fold selectivity for inhibiting the excitatory effects of AMPA vs kainate, and a greater than 30-fold selectivity for inhibiting the excitatory effects of AMPA vs NMDA. LY293558 also greatly reduced the response of LC neurons to glutamate in a concentration-dependent manner. In in vivo recordings in anesthetized rats, pretreatment with LY293558 (0.1 to 10 mg/kg, IP) dose dependently suppressed the morphine withdrawal-induced activation of LC neurons. In unanesthetized, morphine-dependent animals, pretreatment with LY293558 (1 to 30 mg/kg, IP) dose dependently suppressed naltrexone-precipitated morphine withdrawal signs. These results indicate: (1) AMPA receptors mediate a large component of the excitatory effects of glutamate on LC neurons; (2) activation of AMPA receptors plays an important role in the morphine withdrawalinduced activation of LC neurons; (3) AMPA antagonists can suppress many signs of morphine withdrawal in awake animals; and (4) AMPA antagonists may have therapeutic effects in humans for the treatment of opiate withdrawal.
The actus reus requirement: A qualified defense

(1991). The actus reus requirement: A qualified defense. Criminal Justice Ethics: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 11-17.
Effect of triiodo-L-thyronine on amino acid transport by Xenopus laevis embryos.

Xenopus laevis embryos were used to study the effect of triiodo- l -thyronine (T 3 ) on amino acid transport. T 3 had very little effect on the transport of amino acids transported mostly by the Na + -independent L system, while the transport of amino acids transported mostly by the Na + -dependent A system was significantly inhibited on days 6 and 7 after fertilization (days 4 and 5 after the termination of hormone treatment). The d form of T 3 had no effect on the transport of A -system amino acids.
Asian immigrants to the United States are less likely to donate cryopreserved embryos for research use.

Objective To determine whether there are ethnic differences in the proportion of IVF patients donating excess cryopreserved embryos for use in research. Design Retrospective. Setting University clinic. Patient(s) Four hundred consecutive patients undergoing IVF. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Embryo disposition plan reported on the cryopreservation consent form (disposal, donation for research, or donation for therapeutic use). Result(s) Compared with Europeans or Asians born in the U.S., Asians born outside the U.S. were less likely to opt to donate excess embryos. Research donation was highly associated with interest in participation in clinical research. Conclusion(s) Decreased donation of excess embryos for research among Asians born outside the U.S. may relate to religious, sociocultural, language, or other undescribed factors. Targeted educational strategies may be critical to the development of a diverse pool of embryos available for research.
Effects of surface roughness element spacing on boundary-layer velocity profile parameters

Abstract Turbulent boundary-layer velocity profiles over rough surfaces depend on the size, shape and spacing of the roughness elements. In this study, simple theoretical equations to predict the aerodynamic roughness length and displacement height as functions of element spacing density are developed when cubes are used as roughness elements. These parameters are also evaluated from wind-tunnel tests for various element spacing densities. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical equations. Dependence of the shear velocity (or surface drag coefficient), turbulence intensity and longitudinal turbulent length scale on the element spacing density are also evaluated from the experiments.
On binary P-T phase diagrams

A thermodynamic analysis of the concentration and temperature dependencies of oxygen pressure in metal-metal oxide systems is presented. The resulting binaryP-T phase diagrams show the various species in the context of relative reducibility not only for pure elements and compounds but also for the solutions and intermediate compounds which form. It is not necessary to presume a model for the thermodynamic behavior of solid and/or liquid solutions in this treatment. The Cr-Cr2O3 system is presented as an example. Verification is found in the previously reported data on the V2O4V2O5 system.
Process improvement for traceability: A study of human fallibility

Human analysts working with results from automated traceability tools often make incorrect decisions that lead to lower quality final trace matrices. As the human must vet the results of trace tools for mission- and safety-critical systems, the hopes of developing expedient and accurate tracing procedures lies in understanding how analysts work with trace matrices. This paper describes a study to understand when and why humans make correct and incorrect decisions during tracing tasks through logs of analyst actions. In addition to the traditional measures of recall and precision to describe the accuracy of the results, we introduce and study new measures that focus on analyst work quality: potential recall, sensitivity, and effort distribution. We use these measures to visualize analyst progress towards the final trace matrix, identifying factors that may influence their performance and determining how actual tracing strategies, derived from analyst logs, affect results.
Two-phase nonlinear free boundary problems for parabolic equations

On etablit un theoreme sur le caractere bien pose local d'un probleme parabolique non lineaire a une dimension d'espace avec des conditions aux limites a 2 phases libres
Image compression for medical imaging systems

The physical size of typical digital images, in terms of the number of bytes of data one image contains, is large; e.g., a 1024 × 1024 image with 8 bits of data per pixel contains a megabyte of data. To transmit many such images over a network, sometimes over low-capacity phone lines to remote sites, or to store large numbers of images over a long period of time as part of the medical records for patients, the need for image compression arises to alleviate these large demands for image data storage and transmission capacity. This paper discusses image compression in terms of the information theory upon which it is based. The two basic categories of algorithms for implementing image compression are presented along with considerations for image quality and accuracy, which are of primary importance to the medical imaging community.
TOPOLOGICAL ANGLES NEAR A PERIODIC ORBIT

We show that a purely classical phase lag (or advance) is associated with homoclinic motion near a periodic orbit. Trajectories which leave the separatrix region belonging to a given unstable periodic orbit return with a phase shift relative to the periodic orbit, at fixed energy. The phase is topological in that it counts the number of homoclinic cycles but is insensitive to how long it takes to make them. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A study of 864 patients

From 1937 through June 1964, 864 patients received primary therapy for cervix cancer at Emory University Hospital. Fifty-three patients with adenocarcinoma, 118 with in situ squamous cancer, and 693 with invasive squamous cancer have been studied with respect to age, stage of disease and mode of therapy employed. Where radiation was the treatment mode, patients were categorized according to dosage received. These factors then were correlated with survival. No correlation could be made with regard to age. The majority of patients treated were those with squamous cancer. The annual incidence of invasive squamous cancer declined progressively while that of in situ disease increased, not only when compared to all new tumors added to the registry but also where cervix cancer alone was considered. The annual incidence of stages I and II disease increased while that of the later stages III and IV decreased progressively during the period of the study. Among the small group of patients with adenocarcinoma the 5-year survival was slightly lower than that for invasive squamous cancer. No patient with in situ squamous cancer has experienced recurrence or has died as a result of the disease. Among those with invasive squamous cancer, the over-all 5-year survival was 68% while the more significant survival as determined by stage was 87%, 60%, 17% and 4% for stage I through IV disease respectively. The incidence of major complications of treatment was low (approximately 1%) while treatment failures as evidenced by local recurrence occurred in 16.8% of the total number of patients treated.
Vorticity fluctuations in turbulent counterflow of superfluid helium

A model of vorticity fluctuations in turbulent helium based on Vinen's dynamical equation is developed. Its predictions are compared with measurements of recently reported by Mantese, Bischoff, and Moss. The result is interpreted as supporting the validity of Vinen's equation.
Dynamic programming technique in hybrid electric vehicle optimization

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of vehicle which combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) propulsion system with an electric propulsion system. HEV is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle, or better performance. HEVs have been gaining popularity given that they are an effective solution to reducing fuel consumption and emissions. However, its potential in fuel economy is hardly fully explored by existing control strategies based on engineering intuition. Dynamic programming (DP) technique is an effective tool to find the globally optimal use of multiple energy sources over a pre-defined drive cycle. As a global optimizing algorithm, DP ensures to converge to the global optimum. Even though DP is an off-line algorithm, the results can serve as a benchmark to evaluate and improve an existing online algorithm. In this paper, the procedures for implementing DP to three typical HEV powertrains are explained in detail. Also, the cost function of DP is discussed. In the case study of Toyota hybrid system, a simplified vehicle model is given and validated. Then DP is applied to this model and the effect of cost function on fuel economy and battery state of health (SOH) is discussed. Comparing to the simulation results over UDDS cycle obtained from the Prius model in Advisor, the DP results over the same drive cycle shows a 30% potential improvement in overall cost, which converts the electricity cost into fuel cost. In addition, based on the DP results, a lookup table based real-time control strategy is developed. This control strategy results in an improvement of 27% of overall cost, which is very close to the ideal case.
Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, and Photostimulation of NaCl(AgCl) with High-Energy Irradiation

Quantitative results are presented on the light-emitting and storage properties of silver chloride activated sodium chloride crystals excited with high-energy radiation. The characteristic of the strong light emission, mostly in the ultraviolet range, upon stimulation by longer wavelength light after pre-excitation with high-energy radiation, is extensively investigated, as well as the fluorescence and phosphorescence. A practically linear stimulated light response as a function of the roentgen dose over a range from about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ to ${10}^{4}$ roentgens is found. Such a measurement of stimulated light can be performed a considerable time after the exposure to the high-energy radiation and still provide a determination of the dose. Both the ordinary phosphorescence and the stimulated light phosphorescence under suitable conditions may decay very slowly and show many other similarities. The measurements show that the amount of energy stored by the crystal which can later be released as emitted light is greater than 3 percent of the energy totally absorbed. After a sufficiently long stimulation by visible light the rate of de-excitation becomes very small; further stimulation with light of shorter wavelengths produces a rise in the amount of stimulated light and an increase in the de-excitation rate. The amount of stored energy which can be stimulated as light decays slowly with storage time. This effect is closely correlated with the coloration well known with pure NaCl crystals; bleaching a crystal results in a reduced stimulation. Most of the experiments were carried out with a radium gamma-ray source, but measurements with x-rays and fast electrons show very similar results. Experiments with fast electrons were performed with doses up to 500 000 rep; saturation then occurs, but after de-excitation (bleaching) the crystal could be re-excited and be used again with no appreciable change in properties. The counting properties of these crystals are rather poor because of small peak heights. A rather complete explanation of these properties can be given by a model assuming a continuous distribution of traps over a small range. The energy released from these traps goes to the activator, from which the energy is emitted as light.
Sequence of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNAs 2 and 3 and evidence of a recombination event during bromovirus evolution

Abstract The genomic sequence of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) was completed by sequencing biologically active cDNA clones of CCMV RNA2 (2774 bases) and RNA3 (2173 bases). While only the central core of the encoded 94-kDa CCMV 2a protein contains features conserved among known and putative RNA replication proteins from many viruses, both flanking regions of CCMV 2a show substantial similarity to the corresponding protein of the related brome mosaic virus (BMV). The 3a proteins of CCMV and BMV, implicated as contributors to the distinct host specificities of the two viruses, show lower levels of conservation but are still discernibly related throughout. Major differences occur in the organization of noncoding sequences in CCMV and BMV RNA3. With respect to an otherwise similar region preceding the BMV 3a gene, the CCMV RNA3 5′ noncoding sequence contains a clearly bounded 111-base insertion that must reflect a sequence rearrangement in evolution of at least one of the two viruses. The presence of a subgenomic promoter-like sequence near the end of the novel CCMV sequence makes the organization of genes in CCMV RNA3 reminiscent of the 3′ end of tobacco mosaic virus RNA, suggesting that CCMV or its 3a gene might have been derived from an ancestor with fewer genomic RNAs. Sequence similarities between the CCMV and BMV RNA3 intercistronic regions include the subgenomic mRNA promoter and an oligo(A), but not an intercistronic segment required for BMV RNA3 amplification, implying that replication signals on the two RNA3s may be organized quite differently.
Review of stellar abundance results from large telescopes

Some highlights of high spectral resolution observations with large telescopes are presented. The focus is one the chemical composition of disk, halo, bulge, and local group objects. Examples are given of progress on the study of brown dwarfs. Several recent papers on the composition of cool stars in open clusters are summarized. Faint field stars in the Galactic halo have provided fertile ground for new research on the chemical history of the halo; some recent results are discussed. Individual stars in globular clusters from the turn-off to the top of the red giant branch have yielded new insights into stellar evolution and processes which occur in the interiors of these old stars. The echelle spectrum of a main sequence star in the Galactic bulge with V equals 19.8 has been obtained because of the effects microlensing on it. For the first time the composition of individual stars in several galaxies in our local group has been determined; this represents an important extension to our understanding of the chemical makeup to the universe.
Existence of solutions of right focal point boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations

Y (“) = f(x, y, y’,..., y’“-1’). (1) With respect to (l), two conditions which we will assume are (A) f(x, Y, 7 YZ ,..-, Y,) is continuous on (a, b) X R”. (B) Solutions of initial value problems for (1) are unique. Motivated by the idea of right disfocality of a linear nth order differential operator given by Muldowney [ 11, we shall be concerned with uniqueness of solutions of (1) which satisfy boundary conditions of the form y”-l’(X,) = yi, 1 <i<n, where x1 <x, Q .a. <x,. For related results in the linear case where x1 = . . . =x,<x,+,=.*-=x,, see, for example, Nehari [2], Peterson [3], and Elias [4,5 1. To be more definite, we define what is meant by a right (m 1 ,..., m,)-focal point boundary value problem for (1) on an interval I.
Real-time structural health monitoring using model-based observers

This paper introduces a technique for non-destructive, real-time health monitoring using a model-based observer to determine the onset and location of unintended changes in a structure. These changes could be caused by slipping in joints or latches in deployed structures, or by damage to structural components. An algorithm for calculating the observer feedback gains which allow localization of these changes is described. The algorithm is based on ideas from noninteracting control theory. The validity of the technique is demonstrated by applying it to a computer model of a structure.
Leg ulcers secondary to drug reactions.

Abstract Drug reactions are due to allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. Pencillin anaphylaxis is the prototype of an allergic drug reaction, whereas necrosis from eoumadin is an example of a non-allergic reaction. Drugs are simple chemical structures of low molecular weight that require covalent or other types of chemical bonding to proteins in order to initiate an immune response and an allergic reaction. Toxic drug reactions do not require binding to protein carriers. Their ill effects relate to an intrinsic ability to disrupt aspects of cutaneous functions.
The millimeter-wave spectrum of AlNC: chemical trends in metal isocyanide molecules

Abstract The millimeter-wave spectrum of AlNC (X1Σ+) has been recorded using direct absorption techniques in the range 131–536 GHz, including data for several quanta of the bending vibration and the13C,isotopomer. The species was created by the reaction of aluminum vapor and trimethylsilyl cyanide. Twenty rotational transitions were recorded for the main isotopomer and nine for AlN13C, as well as lines for the (0110), (020o) states. Rotational andl-type doubling constants have been determined for this species, as well as bond lengths. These measurements indicate that AlNC is a linear and fairly rigid molecule, as well as being the favored isomer, in agreement with theory.
Public housing relocations in Atlanta: Documenting residents’ attitudes, concerns and experiences

Abstract This paper describes the desire to move, concerns of residents being involuntarily relocated from Atlanta’s public housing, and their post-relocation experiences. Using a residential mobility framework, we examined the correlates of desiring to move or desiring to renovate public housing as a function of hard-to-house characteristics, mobility characteristics, and concerns about relocating. Findings indicated that family public-housing residents were more likely to view relocation as an opportunity to improve their lives. Residents of the senior/disabled high-rise buildings were less likely to view relocation as an opportunity. Age was inversely related to wanting to move. Neighborhood satisfaction was associated with wanting to renovate public housing and not relocate. Transportation to see doctors was the primary concern associated with not wanting to relocate. Post-relocation findings demonstrate a significant degree of satisfaction among residents, improved financial situations, and declines in social support.
Vacuum status-display and sector-conditioning programs

Abstract Two programs have been developed for observation and control of the AGS vacuum system, which include the following notable features: (1) they incorporate a graphical user interface and (2) they are driven by a relational database which describes the vacuum system. The vacuum system comprises some 440 devices organized into 28 vacuum sectors. The status-display program invites menu selection of a sector, interrogates the relational database for relevant vacuum devices, acquires live readbacks and posts a graphical display of their status. The sector-conditioning program likewise invites sector selection, produces the same status display and also implements process control logic on the sector devices to pump the sector down from atmospheric pressure to high vacuum over a period extending several hours. As additional devices are installed in the vacuum system, the devices are added to the relational database; these programs then automatically include the new devices.
Continuous production of lactic acid from glucose and lactose in a cell-recycle reactor

Growth and lactic acid production ofLactobacillus delbreuckii were compared using glucose and lactose as carbon sources. A continuous-flow stirred-tank fermenter was coupled with a cross-flow filtration unit to permit operation at high-cell concentrations. At steady state, yeast extract requirements for lactic-acid production were lower when glucose was used as a substrate than with lactose fermentation. Once steady state was obtained, with glucose feed, it was possible to lower the yeast extract concentration without affecting biomass concentration and lactic acid production. The lacticacid concentration that inhibited cell growth and lactic acid production was found to depend on the choice of a carbon substrate.
Evaluating differences between stuttering and nonstuttering speakers: the group difference design

This paper focuses on some suggested analytical indices to be used in group difference studies, specifically in research comparing stuttering with nonstuttering speakers. The introductory material places the group difference design in an historical context and shows its relationship to underlying conceptualizations of the nature of stuttering. The major portion of the paper addresses the development, interpretation, and application of these analytical indices. Finally, limitations of the group difference design are described.
Effects of stream size on bird community structure in coastal temperate forests of the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.

Vegetation and spring breeding bird populations associated with riparian forests on high and low order rivers of the Olympic peninsula, Washington (USA), were censussed in 1990 and 1991. The objectives were to (1) provide a baseline description of bird communities associated with unmanaged riparian forests, (2) determine whether there is a difference between bird communities along large and small rivers, and (3) identify what biophysical aspects of the fluvial corridor are most important in determining bird community structure. The approach was to link riparian bird community structure to river order and discuss relationships to vegetation, geomorphology and associated hydrologic disturbance regimes. Large rivers tended to have more deciduous vegetation than small rivers (P = 0.07). Deciduous vegetation and patch types appeared to be linked to river size through stream valley shape and disturbance history. Bird species richness and abundance were significantly higher (P<0.05) on larger rivers (67-140 m width) than on small rivers (12-21 m width) and were positively correlated with the percentage of deciduous trees present at a site. The data suggest that migrant birds, such as the black-throated grey warbler (Dendroica nigrescens) and warbling vireo (Vireo gilvus), require large tracts of contiguous hardwoods for successful breeding. Additionally, birds such as the Hammond's flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii) and hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus) appear to depend on the juxtaposition of hardwoods and conifers during the breeding season. We conclude that bird communities on large rivers differ from those on small rivers and that these differences occur predictably with stream order.
Persistence of efficacy after a brief course of polymerized ragweed allergen: A controlled study

Immunotherapy with PRW has been demonstrated to be safe and effective. To determine whether the efficacy would remain in successive ragweed seasons without further therapy, a trial was conducted comparing PRW to histamine placebo therapy in patients that had received courses of PRW previously. Those patients were also compared to previously untreated ragweed-sensitive patients. In a double-blind fashion, 21 previously treated patients were treated before the 1982 ragweed season with four injections of PRW therapy, whereas 21 previously treated patients were treated with four injections of placebo therapy. An additional control group of 21 previously untreated ragweed-sensitive patients received no injections. Daily symptom and medication score sheets were completed by patients each day of the ragweed season. Blocking antibody rose elevenfold with treatment (p less than 0.0001) in the PRW group. There was a statistically significant difference in symptom score mean between untreated patients (1007 +/- 174) and previously treated patients whether they received supplemental injections (554 +/- 180) (p less than 0.01) or whether they did not (650 +/- 168) (p less than 0.03). In summary the efficacy of 15 injections of PRW immunotherapy persists at least several years without need for supplemental immunotherapy.
Fluid flow increases membrane permeability to merocyanine 540 in human endothelial cells

Abstract Fluid shear stress is a ubiquitous stimulus of mammalian cell metabolism; however, its signal transduction pathway is unknown. We hypothesized that shear stress may alter some physical properties of the cell membrane. Using primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we investigated the effects of shear on the cell membrane by monitoring flow-induced changes in the uptake of the amphipath merocyanine 540 (MC540). Under static conditions, MC540 was rapidly internalized by HUVECs at 37°C, and so was the membrane impermeant dye lucifer yellow, suggesting that the MC540 uptake was partly due to endocytosis. However, exposure to steady flow for 5 min at 37°C induced an increase in MC540 uptake while that of lucifer yellow was unchanged, suggesting that the flow-induced increase in MC540 uptake was not endocytosis-related. The increase in MC540 uptake was significant for levels of steady shear of 6 dyne/cm2 and above. Pulsatile flow was more stimulatory than steady flow at 2 dyne/cm2, but no significant difference between the two was seen at higher shear stress levels. We conclude that fluid shear stress enhanced the uptake of MC540 by a mechanism other than endocytosis, suggesting an increase in plasma membrane permeability during exposure of the cells to shear stress.
The engineering societies in National Defense

The engineering profession which has been so prompt to volunteer its professional and military services to the Government in support of National Defense is now in contact with the various Government agencies, as follows:
Effect of exercise training and diet modification on serum lipids and lipoproteins in coronary artery disease patients treated with thiazides

The effects of chronic exercise training and diet modification on serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 17 hypertensive males and 41 normotensive males with documented coronary artery disease (CAD). Exercise consisted of aerobic activities which were performed at approximately 75-85% of the symptom-limited maximum heart rate for 30-40 minutes, three times weekly for 3 months. Each participant's diet was also controlled, the recommended daily intake of fat and cholesterol was no more than 40 g/day and 200 mg/day, respectively. Significant increases in estimated VO2max and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein (HDL) and a significant decrease in serum triglycerides were documented after training. Significant differences in serum cholesterol and triglycerides between the nondiuretic and diuretic patients were also noted. No significant changes were found in low density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL, or body weight. Vigorous aerobic training and diet modification can favorably modify the deleterious effects of diuretic medications on serum triglycerides and total cholesterol/HDL in patients with documented CAD.
Shear properties of CMB syntactic foam

In this research, a triaxial shear test is used as a means to provide yield surface data as well as other strength characteristics for carbon microballoon (CMB) syntactic foam. Additionally, pure shear tests and tensile tests are used to probe areas of this stress space not included in the triaxial shear tests. The data are used to characterize the material’s yield strength in stress space. The determined yield surface, the strain and other deformational behavior characteristics provide the necessary information for an accurate model and engineering design. The CMB foam specimens were divided into two sets: one with Thornel pitch-based carbon fibers and one without; both use Kerimid 601 as the binder. The CMB syntactic foam with fibers exhibited lower shear strength than the CMB syntactic foam without fibers. This is evident not only in the determined shear envelopes but also in the values obtained for the hydrostatic yield of both foams. Complementary analysis of the blending process of mixing fibers with CMB has been shown to destroy the microballoons and thus reduce the foams strength. The consequences of incorporating alternative materials can be verified with further testing.
Ionization of hydrogen in elliptically polarized microwave fields

The multiphoton ionization of hydrogen in strong, elliptically polarized microwave fields is a fundamental problem of great complexity. We present a quantum mechanical treatment of this problem which reproduces current experimental results very well.
Dynamics of and superselection rules on one-dimensional multiply connected systems

In this paper we study the dynamics of one-dimensional multiply connected systems, or networks, and find under what conditions the Hamiltonian is self-adjoint. These conditions give the spectrum, and impose superselection rules in the “non-Abelian” case. We discuss the spectrum and superselection rules for some special cases.
Single-electron spin decoherence by nuclear spin bath: Linked-cluster expansion approach

We develop a theory for decoherence dynamics of a single-electron spin interacting with a nuclear spin bath. The approach yields a simple diagrammatic representation and analytical expressions of different nuclear spin excitation processes contributing to electron spin decoherence and dynamical phase fluctuations. It accounts for nuclear spin dynamics beyond the recently developed pair correlation models. As an illustration of the theory, we evaluated the coherence dynamics of a P donor electron spin in a Si crystal.
Case Report Isolated ACTH Deficiency Presenting as Severe Hypercalcemia

Abstract A 32-year-old woman presented five months postpartum with weight loss, dehydration, hypotension, exhaustion and hypercalcemia (serum calcium of 15.8mg/dl). Her work-up demonstrated glucocorticoid insufficiency due to isolated ACTH deficiency. Over the five years since diagnosis no additional pituitary deficits have emerged. Though isolated ACTH deficiency as a cause of adrenal insufficiency is extrememly rare, this case underscores the need to specifically consider glucocorticoid insufficiency in the patient presenting with hypercalcemia.
A second large controlled clinical study of E5, a monoclonal antibody to endotoxin: Results of a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of E5, a murine, monoclonal antibody directed against endotoxin, in the treatment of patients with Gram-negative sepsis.DesignA multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.SettingFifty-three hospitals across the United States, includin
Clinicopathologic features of nephroblastomatosis

Accordingly, in addition to presenting an updated review of nephroblastomatosis, we catalog the multifaceted lesions comprising the disease. Current aspects of diagnosis and therapy are also reviewed
Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii in the US swine herd using sera collected during the National Animal Health Monitoring Survey (Swine 2006).

Summary The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) initiated the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) in 1983 to collect, analyse and disseminate data on animal health, management and productivity in US domestic livestock populations, including swine. The programme includes an on-farm serological sampling component which can be used to monitor seroprevalence of various pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii in grower/finisher pigs using sera collected during NAHMS Swine 2006 and to determine farm level factors associated with differences in seroprevalence on farms where sera was collected during the Swine 2006 survey. Sera and data on management practices for this study were collected from 185 grower/finisher swine production sites located in 16 states accounting for >90% of US swine production (Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas and Wisconsin). A total of 6238 sera were tested for T. gondii antibodies using a commercial ELISA assay (Vet. Parasitol.128, 2005, 177). Seroprevalence in this study, as determined by ELISA, was 2.6%, with a herd prevalence of 21.6% and a mean within-herd prevalence of 2.7%. Analysis of swine management practices indicated that rodent control methods and carcass disposal methods were associated with differences in the number of T. gondii positive samples on farm. These results are consistent with current epidemiological knowledge of the transmission of Toxoplasma on the farm (ingestion of organic matter containing oocysts, or ingestion of infected animal tissues). Production practices which eliminate these sources of exposure can reduce the risk of Toxoplasma infection in pigs, and reduce the likelihood of human infection from consumption of infected pork.
Effects of wavelength, pulse duration and power density on laser activation of glassy carbon electrodes

Abstract The hypothesis that laser activation of glassy carbon (GC) electrodes is thermally driven was investigated by comparing simulated surface temperatures for several lasers and experimental conditions. Assuming no phase changes, the surface temperature vs. time profile for a laser pulse striking a GC electrode was predicted by finite difference simulation. It was predicted that peak surface temperature depends on power density, wavelength, pulse duration and the optical properties of the carbon. Experimentally, laser activation is weakly wavelength dependent for ascorbic acid and Fe 2+ 3+ . The surface temperatures required for activation were consistent for different lasers, supporting the conclusion that laser activation is thermally driven. Furthermore, predicted surface temperatures during activation were below the melting point of carbon but well above the boiling point of water. The results should be useful for predicting the effectiveness of different laser conditions on electron transfer activation.
Risk Recognition and Intimate Partner Violence

The objective of this study was to determine whether female victims of physical forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) displayed deficits in risk recognition, or the ability to detect danger, in physically violent dating encounters. A total of 182 women watched a video depicting a psychologically and physically aggressive encounter between heterosexual dating partners and made repeated judgments about the interaction. Results from this study provided evidence for the validation of this methodology and found that history of physical forms of IPV was associated with risk recognition ability, such that victims of IPV were less likely to recognize the danger involved in the video vignette compared to nonvictims. Results showed important implications for IPV prevention programs.
Embryonic Lineage of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Determines Responses to Collagen Matrices and Integrin Receptor Expression

Developmental studies have demonstrated that the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) present within the elastic arteries are differentiated from two definitive origins, the neural crest and the mesoderm. Cells from these distinct progenitors differ in their ability to determine long-range spatial order of the extracellular matrix, in proliferative responses, and in the expression of critical proteins. The present study utilizes collagen gel contraction assays and the analysis of integrin receptor subunit expression to evaluate cell-matrix interactions. In the presence of serum and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF) or TGF-beta 1 alone, VSMC isolated from the abdominal aorta (AA-VSMC) were found to contract collagen matrices to a significantly greater extent than VSMC from the thoracic aorta (TA-VSMC). However, in TA-VSMC, beta 1 integrin and gel contraction were stimulated only in the presence of serum factors. Metabolic labeling and immunoprecipitation of integrin subunits revealed that TGF-beta 1 induced beta 1 and alpha 5 integrin subunits in AA-VSMC four-and ninefold, respectively. AA-VSMC gel contraction stimulated by serum and TGF-beta 1 alone was inhibited with anti-beta 1 integrin antibody by 70 and 100%, respectively. However, the beta 1 integrin-specific antibody inhibited serum-induced TA-VSMC gel contraction by 25%. The data suggest that vascular smooth muscle cell ontogeny is an important determinant of cell function, phenotype, and response to growth factors such as TGF-beta 1.
Arousal seeking and the maintenance of mutual gaze in same and mixed sex dyads

Thirty male and thirty female undergraduates were randomly paired in either same or mixed sex dyads and were asked to maintain silent mutual gaze for as long as possible over two or three trials. The results indicated that high arousal seekers were better able to do this than low arousal seekers, and that this difference was especially strong in same sex dyads.
Blood Pressure Changes in Relation to Arsenic Exposure in a U.S. Pregnancy Cohort

BackgroundInorganic arsenic exposure has been related to the risk of increased blood pressure based largely on cross-sectional studies conducted in highly exposed populations. Pregnancy is a period...
Morphologic quantitation of nuclear size in various grades of transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder.

Abstract Quantitative morphometry was used to characterize the different grades of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma. When histograms were constructed using data obtained, lower grade tumors were easily differentiated from tumors with higher grade. There is the further suggestion that low-grade tumors which progress to an aggressive stage demonstrate the pattern of high-grade malignancy early in their development, thus identifying which tumors may ultimately require radical surgery.
Primary Detectors for Measurements

The basic elements of any measurement system may be classified into three functional groups known as primary detectors, intermediate means, and end devices. By classifying the primary detectors for both electrical and non-electrical quantities, convenient selection of a suitable detector may be made when the quantity to be measured together with the range over which it will vary is known.
Seasonality in nutrient concentrations in Galveston Bay

Abstract In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations. A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient ( K d ) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source. Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate.
PAX8 is expressed in pancreatic well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors and in extrapancreatic poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas in fine‐needle aspiration biopsy specimens

BACKGROUND: PAX (paired box) genes encode a family of transcription factors important for organogenesis. Recently, PAX8 has been recognized as a potential immunohistochemical marker of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The authors evaluated PAX8 expression in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of neuroendocrine tumors to establish whether PAX8 immunohistochemistry can be used as an ancillary marker of pancreatic origin for neuroendocrine tumors. METHODS: Fine-needle aspiration biopsies from 72 neuroendocrine tumors were evaluated for PAX8 expression: 32 primary and 23 metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (25 pancreatic, 13 pulmonary, 3 ileal, 2 duodenal, 1 rectal, 1 ovarian, and 10 primary site unknown) and 17 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (11 pulmonary, 1 pancreas, 1 breast, 1 thymus, and 3 primary site unknown). RESULTS: Among well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, only tumors from the pancreas were PAX8 positive (14 of 25, 56%) whereas no cases of pulmonary (0 of 13), ileal (0 of 3), duodenal (0 of 2), rectal (0 of 1), or ovarian (0 of 1) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors were positive for PAX8. One of 10 (10%) well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary origin was PAX8 positive. Among poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, PAX8 expression was identified in 1 of 1 (100%) pancreatic, 1 of 1 (100%) thymic, 4 of 11 (36%) pulmonary, and 0 of 1 (0%) breast carcinomas. One of 3 (33%) poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of unknown primary origin was PAX8 positive. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors frequently express PAX8, which can help distinguish pancreatic primary tumors from tumors of other anatomic sites. In contrast, PAX8 expression in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas is not specific for pancreatic origin and can be seen in extrapancreatic poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society