cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cns1 is an essential protein associated with the Hsp90 chaperone complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can restore cyclophilin 40-dependent functions in cpr7Δ cells

Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbors two cyclophilin 40-type enzymes, Cpr6 and Cpr7, which are components of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone machinery. Cpr7 is required for normal growth and is required for maximal activity of heterologous Hsp90-dependent substrates, including glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the oncogenic tyrosine kinase pp60(v-src). In addition, it has recently been shown that Cpr7 plays a major role in negative regulation of the S. cerevisiae heat shock transcription factor (HSF). To better understand functions associated with Cpr7, a search was undertaken for multicopy suppressors of the cpr7Delta slow-growth phenotype. The screen identified a single gene, designated CNS1 (for cyclophilin seven suppressor), capable of suppressing the cpr7Delta growth defect. Overexpression of CNS1 in cpr7Delta cells also largely restored GR activity and negative regulation of HSF. In vitro protein retention experiments in which Hsp90 heterocomplexes were precipitated resulted in coprecipitation of Cns1. Interaction between Cns1 and the carboxy terminus of Hsp90 was also shown by two-hybrid analysis. The functional consequences of CNS1 overexpression and its physical association with the Hsp90 machinery indicate that Cns1 is a previously unidentified component of molecular chaperone complexes. Thus far, Cns1 is the only tetratricopeptide repeat-containing component of Hsp90 heterocomplexes found to be essential for cell viability under all conditions tested.
Liver Lipids of Lactating Bovine: Fatty Acid Composition

Abstract The quantity and composition of the hepatic lipids of two groups of lactating cows, maintained on low-protein, low-energy, and high-protein diets were compared in the initial and sixth week of lactation. The lipid of livers from animals on the inferior diet was almost twice that of animals on the high-protein diet in the first week of lactation. However, within six weeks the lipids of livers from both groups of cows were comparable. The fatty acid analyses revealed that the lipids from cows on the low-protein, low-energy diets contained higher quantities of saturated and short-chain fatty acids than from cows maintained on the high-protein corn diet.
Dietary and physical activity adaptations to alternate day modified fasting: implications for optimal weight loss

Background: Alternate day modified fasting (ADMF) is an effective strategy for weight loss in obese adults. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the dietary and physical activity adaptations that occur during short-term ADMF, and to determine how these modulations affect rate of weight loss. Methods: Sixteen obese subjects (12 women/4 men) completed a 10-week trial consisting of 3 phases: 1) 2-week control phase, 2) 4-week ADMF controlled feeding phase, and 3) 4-week ADMF self-selected feeding phase. Results: Body weight decreased (P < 0.001) by 5.6 ± 1.0 kg post-treatment. Energy intake on the fast day was 26 ± 3% of baseline needs (501 ± 28 kcal/d). No hyperphagic response occurred on the feed day (95 ± 6% of baseline needs consumed, 1801 ± 226 kcal/d). Daily energy restriction (37 ± 7%) was correlated to rate of weight loss (r = 0.42, P = 0.01). Dietary fat intake decreased (36% to 33% of kcal, P < 0.05) with dietary counseling, and was related to rate of weight loss (r = 0.38, P = 0.03). Hunger on the fast day decreased (P < 0.05) by week 2, and remained low. Habitual physical activity was maintained throughout the study (fast day: 6416 ± 851 steps/d; feed day: 6569 ± 910 steps/d). Conclusion: These findings indicate that obese subjects quickly adapt to ADMF, and that changes in energy/ macronutrient intake, hunger, and maintenance of physical activity play a role in influencing rate of weight loss by ADMF.
The Biopsychology of Maternal Behavior in Nonhuman Mammals

The term "maternal behavior," when applied to nonhuman mammals, includes the behaviors exhibited in preparation for the arrival of newborn, in the care and protection of the newly arrived young, and in the weaning of those young, and represents a complex predictable pattern that is often regarded as a single, comprehensive, species-specific phenomenon. Although the delivering first-time mammalian mother is immediately and appropriately maternal, a "virgin" with no prior exposure to young does not show immediate and appropriate behavior toward foster young. Nevertheless, the virgin female, and indeed the male, possess the neural circuitry that underlies the pattern referred to as maternal behavior, despite not exhibiting the pattern under normal circumstances. At parturition, or after extensive exposure to young, what emerges appears to be a single stereotyped maternal behavior pattern. However, it is actually a smoothly coordinated constellation of simpler actions with proximate causes that, when sequenced properly, have the appearance of a motivated, purposive, adaptive pattern of caretaking. Over the past 50 years, much research has focused on finding the principal external and internal factors that convert the nonmaternal behavior patterns of the nonpregnant nullipara, the virgin, to the almost immediate and intense maternal behavior characteristic of the puerpera, the mother. This review is an attempt to summarize the many comprehensive, even encyclopedic, reviews of these factors, with an emphasis on brain mechanisms, and to highlight the gaps that remain in understanding the processes involved in the almost immediate onset of maternal caretaking behaviors observed in mammals at delivery. Where possible, the reader is directed to some of those excellent reviews.
Meetings: A Swampy Terrain for Adult Development

This article introduces a model of “modes” of experience as a tool for making sense of some of the complexity in meetings. Although derived from theories of adult development, the mode model presented here assumes that individuals are more internally diverse than they may appear through the lenses of some stage theories. The article includes vignettes of meetings in various organizational contexts to illustrate the dynamic nature of modes, and it suggests that an individual's psychological development may be fruitfully viewed in terms of both an evolving repertoire of modes, and a growing capacity to exercise judgment about when to shift and when to stay in a mode. Seen in the light of a mode model, meetings bring nearly continuous opportunities to foster collective creativity and constructive risk-taking. Constructive approaches to using modes are described, as well as risks, such as that of attempting to pigeonhole individuals. The concept of modes is best used as a “background” way of thinking and relating with the ultimate aim of fostering conditions that support organizational and individual development over the long term.
New Paradigms: The World in the Twenty-First Century – A US Perspective

The US approach to both domestic and foreign disaster preparedness and response has undergone significant change over the past few decades. Regarding domestic disasters, a National Response Framework replaced the National Response Plan. The NRF is intended to allow flexible and adaptable response across all levels of government, local, tribal, state and federal.
Examining the impact of urban biophysical composition and neighboring environment on surface urban heat island effect

Abstract Due to atmospheric and surface modifications associated with urbanization, surface urban heat island (SUHI) effects have been considered essential in examining urban ecological environments. With remote sensing technologies, numerous land cover type related variables, including spectral indices and land cover fractions, have been applied to estimate land surface temperature (LST), thereby further examining SUHI. This study begins with the reexamination of the commonly used indicators of LST using Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images which cover four counties of Wisconsin, United States. Origin of the large variation of LST found in urban areas is then investigated by discriminating soil and impervious surfaces. Except land cover types, neighboring environment is another key factor which may affect LST in urban areas. Thus, a neighboring effect considered method is proposed at the end of the study to better understand the relationship between impervious surfaces fraction (%ISA) and LST by taking the influence of neighboring environment into account. Results indicate that spectral indices have better performance in predicting LST than land cover fractions do within the study area. However, the result remains arguable due to the complexity and uncertainty of spectral mixture analysis. Impervious surfaces are found responsible for the large variation of LST in urban areas, which indicates that impervious surfaces should not be simply considered as a single land cover type has stable negative correlation with LST. Moreover, a better relationship is found between %ISA and LST when neighboring effect is considered, when compared to the traditional method which ignores the neighboring effect.
Survival of Pneumococci in Empyemic Fluid. Effect of Sulfapyridine upon their Viability

effectiveness depends upon a number of contributing factors that may be broadly summarized as follows: (1) Chemical composition and concentration of the chemotherapeutic substance in the tissue, tissue fluid or culture medium. (2) Factors related to the micro-organisms such as species, number of viable bacterial cells and certain characteristics of individual strains e.g., degree of drugresistance. (3) Environmental factors that may (a) either increase or decrease the activity of the chemotherapeutic substances, or (b) that may favor or suppress the growth rate of the organisms or influence their viability. Clinically and experimentally it has been shown that sulfanilamide and sulfapyridine may bring about sterilization of streptococcal and pneumococcal lesions within a few days; e.g., of spinal fluids in cases of meningitis. Gay and Clark1' showed that sulfanilamide prevents the development of an otherwise fatal streptococcal empyema in rabbits, and Leahy2 reported on the results obtained with this drug in the treatment of beta hemolytic streptococcal empyema in man. On the other hand, it has been observed that sulfapyridine, even when administered in relatively large doses and over long periods of time, often fails to result i a complete cure in cases of pneumococcal empyema. This may be due either to a relative drug-fastness of the organisms or to special conditions prevailing in empyema. With these considerations in mind, experiments were carried out in an effort to determine (1) the viability of pneumococci in empyemic fluids and (2) the influence of sulfapyridine upon the viability of the organisms in such exudates.
Introducing and Establishing the Noninclusion Virus of the Citrus Red Mite in Citrus Groves

The noninclusion virus of Panonychus citri (McGregor) distributed in orange trees by spraying distilled aqueous suspensions of triturated diseased mites. A 0,01% concentration produced as high an incidence of disease as a 0.1% concentration, and applications after sundown were not more effective than applications during a sunny day. The application of suspensions of diseased mites buffered at p H 6.0 produced nearly twice the incidence of infection as a comparable unbuffered suspension. Release of infected mites obtained in the field from an area known to harbor an active epizootic into an apparently virus-free grove produced more than twice the incidence of infection as the release of laboratory-reared and infected mites. Epizootics of the disease developed in all experimental groves.
Estimation of the LD1 and extrapolation of the LD0.1 for five organophosphate pesticides

The oral LD50,s for 5 Organophosphate pesticides have been determined in CD-1 strain male and female mice. The values in mg/kg are: Triohlorfon, 800 and 800; Naled, 409 and 330; Dichlorvos, 139 and 133, GC6506, 23.4 and 17.8; Fospirate, 225 and 263 respectively. Toxicity was greater in males with Fospirate and greater in females with Naled and GC6506. The predicted LD1's and the extrapolated LD0.1's have been determined for the 5 organophosphates from an unbalanced design, loaded heavily toward the lower end of the dose-response curve. It has been shown that the slopes of the curves obtained with 50, 100 and 660 animals are parallel for all compound except Fospirate in the 660 mouse experiments. This is probably related to excessive female deaths in the upper segment of the dose-response curve. Sex dependent lethality was observed with Trichlorfon, Dichlorvos and Fospirate with the males being more susceptible than the females except in the case of Fospirate where there was a reversal at the LD50 with greater susceptibility in the females. The conditions for obtaining accurate results in such experiments have been established. The implications of human exposure to low levels of the environmental pollutants have been discussed.
Global influenza surveillance

Abstract Global influenza surveillance is run by WHO Global Influenza Programme in collaboration with WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network. Network partners collect specimens in their countries, perform primary virus isolation and preliminary antigenic characterization. They ship newly isolated strains to WHO Collaboration Centers for high level antigenic and genetic analysis, the result of which forms the basis for WHO recommendations on the composition of influenza vaccine for the Northern and Southern Hemisphere each year. The WHO Influenza Surveillance Network serves also as a global alert mechanism for the emergence of influenza viruses with pandemic potential.
Matter and Memory: The Image as Impersonal Process in Eh Joe (1966), Ghost Trio (1977) and … but the clouds … (1977)

These three teleplays make natural bedfellows insofar as each involves a solitary male character in a minimal, room-sized studio setting ‘haunted’ by a taunting or directing off-screen voice (his own, in the case of …but the clouds…, that of a controlling or prompting woman in Eh Joe and Ghost Trio respectively) that acts as a catalyst for conjuring up highly affecting personal elegies. In the case of Eh Joe these memories are extremely unnerving, spurred by the ‘suppressed venom’ of Joe’s niggling inner voice, which takes the form of a vindictive ex-lover who forces him to recall another, more innocent conquest — the ‘Green One’ — and her tragic suicide. In Ghost Trio and …but the clouds… the memories are far more ambivalent, on the one hand conveying a nostalgic yearning for the return of a lost, perhaps deceased love or muse, on the other a desire to put an end to such longing, the better to start again, to build a new image from scratch as pure process. All three teleplays attempt to reconstruct memory through the telling of fictions — that is, through fabulations — as a means of overcoming the deadening effects of the past’s Oedipal sexual economy. By rejecting the Name of the Father and embracing the non-Oedipal oral mother, Beckett strives to instigate a parthenogenetic rebirth, disavowing phallocentrism to produce a ‘pure being of sensations’, a new Man ‘devoid of sexual love’ (Deleuze, 1991b, p. 52).
The Scope of Behavioral Health Integration in a Pediatric Primary Care Setting

OBJECTIVE: The current study examines the scope of integrated behavioral health services provided by behavioral health clinicians in pediatric primary care. METHODS: A cross-sectional electronic health record review was conducted to characterize integrated behavioral health services including consultation types, recommendations, and medical diagnoses. Services were provided over a 6-year period in an urban, residency-training clinic serving a primarily publicly insured population. RESULTS: Of the 4,440 patients seen by behavioral health clinicians (BHCs), 2,829 (63.7%) were seen during well-child checks to address a wide array of presenting problems. The five consultation types "Healthy Steps (6%), pregnancy-related depression (17.7%), developmental (19.2%), mental health (53.2%), and psychopharmacology (5%)" were characterized by differences in demographics, presenting problems, recommendations, and medical diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric BHCs provide a wide range of services to pediatric populations in the context of integrated behavioral health programs. Implications for workforce capacity development, evaluation of outcomes and impact, and sustainability are discussed.© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected]/* */ Language: en
Externally directing self-assembly with dynamic programming

This paper describes a methodology for establishing feedback control of self-assembly dynamics in order to reach a desired assembled state. The methodology consists of three sequential steps: 1) selection of metrics that characterize the aggregate state of the system, 2) application of machine learning to develop an empirical model of the aggregate state dynamics, and 3) application of dynamic programming to obtain a feedback control policy for reaching the desired assembled state. The strategy is illustrated for colloidal assembly and salt crystallization. In particular, the framework is used to develop feedback control policies for quickly producing perfect colloidal crystals and for producing salt crystals of a target average size. Simulation and experimental results are provided that demonstrate the application of these control policies to achieve the stated objectives.
Endocrine/Metabolic/Electrolytes

This chapter will comprehensively address endocrine emergencies beginning with disorders of glucose control including diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia, and specific life-threatening disorders of the thyroid including thyroid storm and myxedematous states. Adrenal disorders are discussed as well as their specific diagnosis and treatment. Primary causes of many of these disorders are discussed as well along with the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Finally, electrolyte abnormalities are described along with their assessment and treatment. It will additionally provide the learner with information regarding laboratory assessment if required as well as with information regarding imaging (if required) that is essential for passing examinations.
Interpreting transcriptional changes using causal graphs: new methods and their practical utility on public networks

Background Inference of active regulatory cascades under specific molecular and environmental perturbations is a recurring task in transcriptional data analysis. Commercial tools based on large, manually curated networks of causal relationships offering such functionality have been used in thousands of articles in the biomedical literature. The adoption and extension of such methods in the academic community has been hampered by the lack of freely available, efficient algorithms and an accompanying demonstration of their applicability using current public networks.
Preserving prairies: understanding temporal and spatial patterns of invasive annual bromes in the Northern Great Plains

Two Eurasian invasive annual brome grasses, cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) and Japanese brome (Bromus japonicus), are well known for their impact in steppe ecosystems of the western United States where these grasses have altered fire regimes, reduced native plant diversity and abundance, and degraded wildlife habitat. Annual bromes are also abundant in the grasslands of the Northern Great Plains (NGP), but their impact and ecology are not as well studied. It is unclear whether the lessons learned from the steppe will translate to the mixed-grass prairie where native plant species are adapted to frequent fires and grazing. Developing a successful annual brome management strategy for National Park Service units and other NGP grasslands requires better understanding of (1) the impact of annual bromes on grassland condition; (2) the dynamics of these species through space and time; and (3) the relative importance of environmental factors within and outside managers' control for these spatiotemporal dynamics. Here, we use vegetation monitoring data collected from 1998 to 2015 in 295 sites to relate spatiotemporal variability of annual brome grasses to grassland composition, weather, physical environmental characteristics, and ecological processes (grazing and fire). Concern about the impact of these species in NGP grasslands is warranted, as we found a decline in native species richness with increasing annual brome cover. Annual brome cover generally increased over the time of monitoring but also displayed a 3- to 5-yr cycle of reduction and resurgence. Relative cover of annual bromes in the monitored areas was best predicted by park unit, weather, extant plant community, slope grade, soil composition, and fire history. We found no evidence that grazing reduced annual brome cover, but this may be due to the relatively low grazing pressure in our study. By understanding the consequences and patterns of annual brome invasion, we will be better able to preserve and restore these grassland landscapes for future generations.
Security and Risk Assessment in the Cloud

Fears about the data security that cloud service providers offer is a primary reason many organizations haven't fully adopted cloud services. Key issues include data storage, data replication, integrity verification, access control, risk assessment, and secure query processing.
Non-special particle generation from 4D optofluidic fabrication

To create asymmetric three-dimensional shaped particles, density mismatched precursor streams are first shaped by fluid inertia, and then further shaped by gravity. Finally, patterned TJV light polymerizes complex shaped asymmetric 3D particles.
Performance Analysis of a Horizontal Miss Distance Filter for TCAS II

This paper describes the performance of a filter for reducing unnecessary alerts from the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). The filter uses range and bearing measurements to esti...
Electron Temperatures in Orion A

We measured the hydrogen, helium, and carbon 106α radio recombination lines (RRLs), three different β and γ lines, and radio continuum at 4' east, west, and south of the peak of the H ii region NGC 1976 (Messier 42, Orion A) with the NRAO Green Bank Telescope at 5 GHz. The and integrated line intensities for the offset positions are in agreement with local thermodynamic equilibrium, and so the ratio of the integrated intensity from RRL to the thermal continuum allows for a simplified calculation of the electron temperature, Te. For the offset positions, the average value is Te = 7200 ± 100 K. The best value of Te for the peak continuum position, based on previous RRL data, is 8300 ± 200 K. Thus, there is a decrease in Te with angular offset. These data are consistent with the empirical model of Wilson et al., based on RRL data. There is good agreement between the Te values from RRLs and those from optical collisionally excited lines, [O iii], and Balmer decrement data, but the Te value from optical recombination lines is significantly lower. Analysis of this prototype H ii region provides additional inputs for the determination of element abundances and a benchmark for interpretations of more distant H ii regions.
Tip-Enhanced Raman Voltammetry: Coverage Dependence and Quantitative Modeling

Electrochemical atomic force microscopy tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (EC-AFM-TERS) was employed for the first time to observe nanoscale spatial variations in the formal potential, E0′, of a surface-bound redox couple. TERS cyclic voltammograms (TERS CVs) of single Nile Blue (NB) molecules were acquired at different locations spaced 5–10 nm apart on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Analysis of TERS CVs at different coverages was used to verify the observation of single-molecule electrochemistry. The resulting TERS CVs were fit to the Laviron model for surface-bound electroactive species to quantitatively extract the formal potential E0′ at each spatial location. Histograms of single-molecule E0′ at each coverage indicate that the electrochemical behavior of the cationic oxidized species is less sensitive to local environment than the neutral reduced species. This information is not accessible using purely electrochemical methods or ensemble spectroelectrochemical measurements. We anticipate that qua...
Geoecology of erratic globular lichens of Catapyrenium lachneum in a high Andean Paramo

Summary A population of 172 globoids of the lichen Catapyrenium lachneum (ACH.) R. Santesson was examined at 4540 m in a paramo of the Venezuelan Andes. Lichen thalli were attached to mobile, spherical lumps of soil which are mobilized by needly ice. Globoid size and shape were correlated; smaller specimens were more spherical than larger ones, because heavier globoids remain immobile for increasingly long periods on one side and become flattened. Globoid cores consisted of silty soil with a higher content of fine grains and organic matter than the substrate beneath. These contrasts occur because lichens gradually trap and accumulate aeolian dust, while thalli die and become incorporated in globoids. Large flat globoids had an internal doublelayered structure. The upper band had a greater organic content and was finer because of continuous capture of aeolian material by a dense lichen cover on the upper globoid face. Due to their properties, globoids can store sizable amounts of water. Water was swiftly absorbed by globoids; larger specimens stored less water than smaller ones, but lost moisture at considerably slower rates. Growth of needle ice delivers much water to the soil surface, where lichens can readily imbibe it. The water relations of these unique lichens, considered ecologically crucial for their growth and survival during episodic drought periods, are discussed in detail.
Carotenoids buffer the acute phase response on fever, sickness behavior and rapid bill color change in zebra finches

ABSTRACT Carotenoids are finite resources that animals can allocate to self-maintenance, attractiveness or reproduction. Here we test how carotenoids affect the acute phase response (APR), an intense rapid systemic response characterized by fever, sickness behavior and production of acute phase proteins, which serves to reduce pathogen persistence. We conducted a 2×2 factorial design experiment in captive adult male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to determine the effects of carotenoid supplementation on the intensity of the APR. We measured changes in feeding rate, activity level and body temperature of the birds. We found that, relative to unsupplemented controls, carotenoid-supplemented birds exhibited less severe reductions in feeding and activity, smaller increases in body temperature and lower circulating levels of haptoglobin (an acute phase protein) 24 h after inducing an APR. Among supplemented individuals, those with higher blood carotenoid levels exhibited a lower reduction in activity rate after 24 h. Forty-eight hours after APR induction, birds exhibited a significant decrease in plasma carotenoid levels and a decrease in bill hue, with less reduction in hue in carotenoid-supplemented individuals. These results demonstrate that carotenoids can alleviate several important behavioral and physiological effects of an APR and that bill color can change rapidly following induction of the costly APR immune defense. In particular, immune activation may have caused birds to preferentially draw down carotenoids from the bloodstream, ostensibly for use in health. Rapid bill color changes over a 48-h period support growing evidence that bills may serve as short-term signals of health and condition.
Choosing the Correct Hysterectomy Technique

Existing data indicates that vaginal approach to hysterectomy is associated with fewer complications, faster recovery and lower healthcare costs than abdominal hysterectomy and shorter operative time than laparoscopic hysterectomy. However, the vaginal route is not always feasible and when this occurs, laparoscopic techniques should be employed, if possible, over laparotomy. Though this concept seems simple, selecting the route for hysterectomy is a complex task that requires consideration of patient preference, surgical indications, patient characteristics, available resources, procedural costs and surgeon skills and limitations.
High Resolution X-Ray Scattering from Smectic A, B, and C Phases

In my lecture this morning I am going to summarize the results of a number of high resolution x-ray scattering measurements on smectic phases. These have been carried out at M.I.T. and at Riso National Laboratory. My collaborators have been Prof. R.J. Birgeneau at M.I.T. and Dr. Jens Als-Nielsen at Riso as well as graduate students and staff members at both institutions. The names of people involved in the various experiments will be found in references to work which is either published or in press in various scientific journals. In my lecture I will discuss the scientific questions addressed and the results we obtained in these experiments.
Household Livelihood Differentiation and Vulnerability to Climate Hazards in Rural China

Summary Rural households in the developing world increasingly participate in urban and broader economies. While nonfarm income may reduce their dependence on climate-reliant agricultural activities, how the diversification of income and livelihoods affects rural households’ vulnerability is complex because of many interacting stressors at play. This study uses household survey data collected in the Poyang Lake area of China—a region historically vulnerable to flooding—to analyze rural vulnerability against the background of state-led development. We look at the three components of climate vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, and focus on examining households’ allocations of assets and labor to illustrate the complex processes that affect rural livelihoods and households’ adaptive capacity. We find that overall sensitivity to flooding has been reduced, particularly for those households with relatively high exposure. These changes suggest increased adaptive capacity and reduced flood vulnerability relative to the commune period and are the result of two main processes. First, the livelihoods of rural households have become increasingly differentiated amid broad industrial and urban development; and second, the presence of regional flood risk management has reduced exposure for agriculture-oriented households.
Epitope-Resolved Detection of Peanut-Specific IgE Antibodies by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging.

Peanut allergy can be life-threatening and is mediated by allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Investigation of IgE antibody binding to allergenic epitopes can identify specific interactions underlying the allergic response. Here, we report a surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) immunoassay for differentiating IgE antibodies by epitope-resolved detection. IgE antibodies were first captured by magnetic beads bearing IgE ϵ-chain-specific antibodies and then introduced into an SPRi array immobilized with epitopes from the major peanut allergen glycoprotein Arachis hypogaea h2 (Ara h2). Differential epitope responses were achieved by establishing a binding environment that minimized cross-reactivity while maximizing analytical sensitivity. IgE antibody binding to each Ara h2 epitope was distinguished and quantified from patient serum samples (10 μL each) in a 45 min assay. Excellent correlation of Ara h2-specific IgE values was found between ImmunoCAP assays and the new SPRi method.
Intermediate Computations of Reconstructed Data

The three preceding chapters have covered the entering of anatomic data into the memory of the computer. This computer-stored data may not model the original structure in the tissue as closely as you want because of histological, optical, and operator-related reasons. The tissue must be cut into sections thin enough to be viewed, one at a time, through a microscope. Consequently, some sort of reassembly process must be performed to align and reconnect the pieces entered from individual sections. Researchers experience numerous hurdles in the reconstruction process. The tissue sections may shrink and wrinkle, so the data recorded may not faithfully represent the original structures as they exist in vivo. Readings from the focus axis of a microscope are usually foreshortened because of unwanted refraction in its optical system. Shrinkage, wrinkling, and foreshortening result in coordinate errors that may be corrected by computer algorithms. A human operator entering data will make mistakes, even when using a well-designed anatomic recording system, and he may not detect some of them until the data have all been entered. Thus, a facility for error detection and correction must be provided. This chapter provides techniques to correct these errors in the computer-stored data in order to generate a data base that faithfully represents the original structure. These techniques are intermediate, for they are performed after the data are collected but before they are used for display and statistical summarization.
Geographies of media and communication III: Academic communications and the digital communication environment

This third report on geographies of media and communication explores the risks associated with scholarly communications in the digital communication environment. It offers a critical interpretation...
Enhanced fluorescence for in situ temperature mapping of photothermally heated aluminum nanoparticles enabled by a plasmonic grating substrate.

In situ dynamic temperature mapping of photothermally heated aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) embedded in a fluoropolymer (THV) is achieved using fluorescent dye (rhodamine 6G). A plasmonic grating substrate enhances the dye fluorescence intensity by a factor of seven over a glass substrate, to enable image capture rates of 500 frames per second. Further, the fluorescence intensity is linearly related to temperature and reversible. Photothermal heating of embedded Al NPs using a 2380 W cm-2 incident flux produced an Al NP heating rate of 1.2 × 104 °C s-1. Localized Al NP motion was also observed and attributed to thermal expansion and melting of the polymer. Multiphysics simulation provided agreement with experimental observations, bolstering confidence in the technique. The plasmonic grating platforms were shown to significantly improve both fluorescence intensity and the photothermal heating of Al compared to glass substrates, opening a new path for fast and high-resolution in situ temperature mapping.
Mathematical Modeling of Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

For a number of reasons, receptor-mediated endocytosis provides an ideal system in which a biological process can be approached with mathematical modeling. Much progress has been made in the ability to define and measure individual steps in the complex multistep process of endocytosis, and the use of radiolabeled ligands makes quantitative kinetic data accessible to the modeler. In this chapter we briefly explore the role of mathematical modeling in interpreting experimental data and in elucidating details about the pathway of receptor-mediated endocytosis. We first discuss our current view of the endocytic pathway, emphasizing the kinetic and mechanistic possibilities for both ligand and receptor as they embark on their cellular journeys. We then review some of the published modeling of endocytosis; finally, we focus on the early steps in the binding and internalization of ligand and discuss in some detail the mathematics of these aspects of the process. Two particularly well-described systems are used to illustrate the endocytic pathway: the hepatic asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptor and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor.
Micro-Sequence Analysis of Ovine Hypothalamic Corticotropin Releasing Factor

In 1955, first direct evidence was provided for a hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) that stimulated corticotropin secretion from the pituitary (1,2). Since then several groups attempted to purify and characterize this factor (see 3 for review).
Nuclear Field Theory Treatment of the Interacting Boson Model

A microscopic description of the interacting boson model is attempted in a basis of multipole pairing vibrations and in the framework of the nuclear field theory. If nothing else, it seems in this way possible to calculate both rotations and vibrations in a common basis.
Military Interventions and Transnational Terrorism: An Intense Relationship

Given that international military interventions provide both the opportunity and willingness for the adoption of transnational terrorist tactics, these military encroachments provide an ideal environment in which terrorism can flourish. However, military interventions’ exacerbating effect on terrorism should depend on the intensity - perceived in terms of troop size - of the intervention in question. In particular, very low-scale and very high-scale military interventions should have little or no effect on transnational terrorism, while interventions of intermediate intensity should have a statistically significant positive effect. The reasoning for this hypothesis is drawn from resource-mobilization theory in which it is posited that the potential for political violence results from a group’s ability to mobilize resources in support of collective action. A cross-sectional, time-series data analysis of 165 countries from 1968 to 2005 reveals that, when military interventions are categorized according to intensity, only those with moderate numbers of troops are consistent, positive predictors of terrorism. n policy terms, these findings suggest that transnational terrorist violence may be mitigated through a policy of military restraint or overwhelming military force.
Surrender and Rebellion

In The Myth of Sisyphus (1942) Camus found himself moved to ask whether he believed life worth living; that is, how he must stand on the question of suicide. In The Rebel (1951) he found himself moved to ask how he must stand on the question of murder. The root question of both books is how we can transcend history; both result from an assessment of our time which kept on haunting their author. “The fundamental subject of ‘The Myth of Sisyphus’ is this,” Camus wrote in the 1955 Preface:
Optimized Yellow Dwarf Virus Multiplex PCR Assay Reveals a Common Occurrence of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAS in Kansas Winter Wheat

Barley yellow dwarf is an aphid-transmitted virus disease caused by yellow dwarf virus (YDV) species in the family Luteoviridae. Previous partial sequencing efforts conducted in Kansas revealed tha...
Programming Flexible Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Program Funds: Best Practices for State DOTs:

State departments of transportation (DOTs) face unique challenges in programming funds for the federal Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement (CMAQ) program. This is particularly true as...
Prediction of low-grade glioma progression using MR imaging

Diffuse or infiltrative gliomas are a type of Central Nervous System (CNS) brain tumor. Among different types of primary CNS tumors, diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGG) are World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II and III gliomas. This study investigates the prediction of LGG progression using imaging features extracted from conventional MRI. First, we extract the imaging features from raw MRI including intensity, and fractal and multiresolution fractal representations the of the MRI tumor volume. This study uses a total of 108 LGG patients that is divided into 75% of the patients for training and the remaining 25% of the patients for testing from a pre-operative TCGA-LGG data. LGG progression prediction training model is performed using nested Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) on the training set. Recursive feature selection (RFS) method and LGG progression model training are performed in the inner cross-validation loop. The LGG progression prediction model is trained using Extreme Gradient Boosting technique. The performance of LGG progression prediction model is estimated using the outer cross-validation loop. Finally, we assess the predictive performance of the LGG progression model using the testing set. The training and testing procedures are repeated 10 times using 10 different training and testing sets. Our LGG progression prediction model achieves an AUC of 0.81±0.03, a sensitivity of 0.81±0.09, and a specificity of 0.81±0.10. Our results show promise of using non-invasive MRI in predicting LGG progression.
Blowing Snow Transport Analysis for Estimating Drift Orientation and Severity

AbstractA methodology for performing a snow drift transport analysis is provided that considers the demonstrated dependency of snow transport on approximately the fourth power of wind speed, giving...
Observational data-driven modeling and optimization of manufacturing processes

Abstract The dramatic increase of observational data across industries provides unparalleled opportunities for data-driven decision making and management, including the manufacturing industry. In the context of production, data-driven approaches can exploit observational data to model, control and improve process performance. When supplied by observational data with adequate coverage to inform the true process performance dynamics, they can overcome the cost associated with intrusive controlled designed experiments and can be applied for both process monitoring and improvement. We propose a novel integrated approach that uses observational data for identifying significant control variables while simultaneously facilitating process parameter design. We evaluate our method using data from synthetic experiments and also apply it to a real-world case setting from a tire manufacturing company.
A Novel Lay Health Worker Training to Help Women Engage in Postabortion Contraception and Well-Woman Care.

Young women, low-income women, and women of color make up a disproportionate share of abortion patients and experience higher rates of unintended pregnancy, maternal morbidity and mortality, and in...
Starving the Enemy? Feeding Behavior Shapes Host-Parasite Interactions

The loss of appetite that typically accompanies infection or mere exposure to parasites is traditionally considered a negative byproduct of infection, benefitting neither the host nor the parasite. Numerous medical and veterinary practices directly or indirectly subvert this ‘illness-mediated anorexia’. However, the ecological factors that influence it, its effects on disease outcomes, and why it evolved remain poorly resolved. We explore how hosts use anorexia to defend against infection and how parasites manipulate anorexia to enhance transmission. Then, we use a coevolutionary model to illustrate how shifts in the magnitude of anorexia (e.g., via drugs) affect disease dynamics and virulence evolution. Anorexia could be exploited to improve disease management; we propose an interdisciplinary approach to minimize unintended consequences.
On-site treatment capacity of membrane distillation powered by waste heat or natural gas for unconventional oil and gas wastewater in the Denver-Julesburg Basin.

Abstract Leveraging waste heat has been considered to have significant potential for promoting the economic feasibility of wastewater treatment in unconventional oil and gas (UOG) production. However, its availability near well sites has not been fully understood and other energy sources may be also feasible. In this work, we quantitatively investigate the viability of using waste heat and well-pad natural gas to power on-site wastewater treatment by membrane distillation (MD) for twenty randomly selected wells located in the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin, U.S. Results show that waste heat produced from on-site electrical loads is insufficient for MD treatment of all the wastewater generated during UOG production (2.2–24.3% of thermal energy required for MD treatment). Waste heat from hydraulic fracturing, which persists only for a short timeframe, is able to meet the full or partial energy requirement during the peak period of wastewater production (17–1005% of thermal energy required for MD treatment within the first two months of production), but this scenario varies among wells and is dependent on the energy efficiency of MD. Compared to waste heat, natural gas is a more consistent energy source. The treatment capacity of MD powered by natural gas at the well pad exceeds full wastewater treatment demands for all the twenty wells, with only two wells requiring short-term wastewater storage. Our work indicates that although waste heat has the potential to reduce the electricity consumption and cost of UOG wastewater treatment, it is unlikely to supply sufficient thermal energy required by MD for long-term treatment. Natural gas can serve as an alternative or complementary energy resource. Further investigations, in particular techno-economic analyses, are needed to identify the best suitable energy source or combination for on-site UOG wastewater treatment.
Postictal Death Is Associated with Tonic Phase Apnea in a Mouse Model of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy.

Objective Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is an unpredictable and devastating comorbidity of epilepsy that is believed to be due to cardiorespiratory failure immediately after generalized convulsive seizures. Methods We performed cardiorespiratory monitoring of seizure-induced death in mice carrying either a p.Arg1872Trp or p.Asn1768Asp mutation in a single Scn8a allele-mutations identified from patients who died from SUDEP-and of seizure-induced death in pentylenetetrazole-treated wild-type mice. Results The primary cause of seizure-induced death for all mice was apnea, as (1) apnea began during a seizure and continued for tens of minutes until terminal asystole, and (2) death was prevented by mechanical ventilation. Fatal seizures always included a tonic phase that was coincident with apnea. This tonic phase apnea was not sufficient to produce death, as it also occurred during many nonfatal seizures; however, all seizures that were fatal had tonic phase apnea. We also made the novel observation that continuous tonic diaphragm contraction occurred during tonic phase apnea, which likely contributes to apnea by preventing exhalation, and this was only fatal when breathing did not resume after the tonic phase ended. Finally, recorded seizures from a patient with developmental epileptic encephalopathy with a previously undocumented SCN8A likely pathogenic variant (p.Leu257Val) revealed similarities to those of the mice, namely, an extended tonic phase that was accompanied by apnea. Interpretation We conclude that apnea coincident with the tonic phase of a seizure, and subsequent failure to resume breathing, are the determining events that cause seizure-induced death in Scn8a mutant mice. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:1023-1035.
Race/Ethnicity, Parental Support, and Youth Depressive Symptoms: A Moderated Longitudinal Mediation Analysis.

Racial/ethnic disparities in depression exist among youth in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine if parental support trajectories in adolescence explain the relationship between race/ethnicity and depressive symptom trajectories in adulthood. A two-step longitudinal parallel process analysis with multigroup structural equation modeling was conducted with a nationally representative sample of youth (N = 5300; 48.5% female; M = 13.33 (Range:12–15) years at baseline). While parental support trajectories did not mediate the relationship between race/ethnicity and depressive symptoms, parental support trajectories were related to depressive symptom trajectories in adulthood. Immigrant generation status also moderated the relationship between race/ethnicity and depressive symptom trajectories. The results demonstrate the impact of parental support on later mental health outcomes regardless of race/ethnicity.