cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Mediating Mechanism Between Gender-Based Violence and Biologically Confirmed Chlamydia Among Detained Adolescent Girls:

The study examined several behavioral mechanisms that link gender-based violence (GBV) to STD among detained, sexually active adolescent girls. Girls (N = 198) were recruited from eight youth detention facilities. Measures were assessed using audiocomputer-assisted self-interviewing. DNA amplification was conducted to assess for chlamydia. Thirty-one percent had experienced GBV and 15% tested positive for chlamydia. GBV was related to chlamydia directly and indirectly through condom failures and through having sexual intercourse while high on drugs and/or alcohol. The study found that sexual risk reduction programs may benefit this population by addressing the role of GBV and its association with STD-associated behaviors.
Fluency and Comprehension Gains as a Result of Repeated Reading A Meta-Analysis

Repeated reading is an evidenced-based strategy designed to increase reading fluency and comprehension. The author conducted a meta-analysis to ascertain essential instructional components of repeated reading and the effect of repeated reading on reading fluency and comprehension. This analysis indicates that repeated reading can be used effectively with nondisabled students and students with learning disabilities to increase reading fluency and comprehension on a particular passage and as an intervention to increase overall fluency and comprehension ability. Essential instructional components of repeated reading varied as a function of the type of repeated reading (i.e., whether effectiveness was evaluated reading the same passage or different passages). Implications for future research are also presented.
Application of a High-Density Oligonucleotide Microarray Approach To Study Bacterial Population Dynamics during Uranium Reduction and Reoxidation

Reduction of soluble uranium U(VI) to less-soluble uranium U(IV) is a promising approach to minimize migration from contaminated aquifers. It is generally assumed that, under constant reducing conditions, U(IV) is stable and immobile; however, in a previous study, we documented reoxidation of U(IV) under continuous reducing conditions (Wan et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39:6162-6169). To determine if changes in microbial community composition were a factor in U(IV) reoxidation, we employed a high-density phylogenetic DNA microarray (16S microarray) containing 500,000 probes to monitor changes in bacterial populations during this remediation process. Comparison of the 16S microarray with clone libraries demonstrated successful detection and classification of most clone groups. Analysis of the most dynamic groups of 16S rRNA gene amplicons detected by the 16S microarray identified five clusters of bacterial subfamilies responding in a similar manner. This approach demonstrated that amplicons of known metal-reducing bacteria such as Geothrix fermentans (confirmed by quantitative PCR) and those within the Geobacteraceae were abundant during U(VI) reduction and did not decline during the U(IV) reoxidation phase. Significantly, it appears that the observed reoxidation of uranium under reducing conditions occurred despite elevated microbial activity and the consistent presence of metal-reducing bacteria. High-density phylogenetic microarrays constitute a powerful tool, enabling the detection and monitoring of a substantial portion of the microbial population in a routine, accurate, and reproducible manner.
Gene mapping within the T/t complex of the mouse. III: t-lethal genes are arranged in three clusters on chromosome 17

Lethal t mutations belonging to seven different complementation groups have been mapped. The overall picture emerges as three clusters of t-lethal genes: one near the proximally located tail interaction factor (tT) containing tw73; one numerous cluster associated with the MHC and including tw32, t12, tw5, tw18, and tLub-1; and one distal cluster close to the locus of tf encompassing, t0, t6, and tw12. In the two cases examined, members of the same complementation group map to the same location. Evidence is presented that more than one mutant site may be necessary for the lethality of some lethal t "mutations," and that the expression of a specific lethal phenotype may depend on cis-interactions between multiple mutations.
Using familiar single-user editors for collaborative editing

A number of real-time group editors have been developed as vehicles for investigating various technical issues in computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). Excellent as they are in serving academic purposes, those research prototypes are not (and will probably not be) widely used by ordinary users for "serious" group editing activities. The reason is primarily that they are generally not as powerful or usable as single-user editors that people are already familiar with. In this paper, we propose an approach which converts existing single-user editors to group editors without modifying their source code. As a result, different editors such as Word and GVim can be shared by a group of distributed users to edit the same document simultaneously. Users can use familiar single-user editors for collaborative editing which are allowed to be heterogeneous. Towards this end we have been working on a research project called intelligent collaboration transparency or ICT to address related technical issues. Our work compared to existing application-sharing systems especially in that it is able to interoperate heterogeneous single-user applications. We report our latest progress on this project.
An operational approach for hyperspectral image compression

In lossy compression such as PCA+JPEG2000 for hyperspectral imagery, the bitrate is usually not fixed, resulting in various rate-distortion performance. In this paper, we propose an operational approach to determine the approximately optimal bitrate to be used to preserve both the majority of the information in the dataset as well as the anomalous pixels. The classification results using the reconstructed data after compression with this bitrate are comparable to those using the original data without compression; meanwhile, detection accuracy can be 100% if all the anomalies are pre-removed before compression.
Interactions of prolactin and adrenocorticotropin in the regulation of adrenocortical secretions in female rats.

Effects of PRL and ACTH alone and in combination upon adrenal function of hypophysectomized female rats were examined in vivo and in vitro. In vivo studies consisted of measuring hormone concentrations in peripheral plasma and in the venous effluent of the left adrenal gland. Secretion rates of corticosterone and its principal reduced metabolites [5α-dihydrocorticosterone (DHB) and 3β,5α-tetrahydrocorticosterone (THB)] were calculated. Adrenal 5α-reductase activity and production of corticosterone and total corticoids by adrenal homogenates and adrenal slices were studied in vitro. Removal of the pituitary elevated adrenal 5α-reductase activity. As a result, corticosterone was rapidly converted to DHB and THB. Administration of PRL to hypophysectomized rats resulted in decreased adrenal 5α-reductase activity and concomitantly increased the secretion of corticosterone in adrenal effluent by 79%. The peripheral plasma concentration of corticosterone was enhanced similarly. Secretion of corticosterone relati...
The first fluorescent sensor for D-glucarate based on the cooperative action of boronic acid and guanidinium groups

A new fluorescent sensor (1) with a recognition unit consisting of a boronic acid moiety and a guanidinium unit shows selective binding of D-glucarate in aqueous solution.
The Degree of Helicobacter pylori-Triggered Inflammation Is Manipulated by Preinfection Host Microbiota

Helicobacter pylori infects over 3 billion people worldwide and is the primary risk factor for gastric cancer. Most individuals infected with H. pylori develop only asymptomatic gastritis; however, some develop ulcers or gastric adenocarcinoma. We demonstrate that one previously unappreciated parameter influencing H. pylori disease outcome is variation in the preinfection host microbiota. Utilizing a mouse model, we altered the microbiota by antibiotic treatment and found that these alterations resulted in significantly lowered H. pylori-triggered inflammation. Specifically, antibiotic pretreatment reduced CD4(+) T-helper cells and Ifnγ transcript levels in gastric tissue after H. pylori infection. The bacterial communities in mice with a reduced response to H. pylori displayed many differences from those in untreated mice, including significantly more cluster IV and XIVa Clostridium spp., bacteria known to influence inflammation via regulatory T cell populations. Our findings suggest that microbiota composition, perhaps Clostridium spp., contributes to the variable disease outcome of H. pylori infection by altering the recruitment of CD4(+) T cells to the gastric compartment. Our results suggest that gastric microbiota could be used as a diagnostic tool to determine which patients are at risk for developing severe disease.
Policy-Based Automation to Improve Solution Engineering in IT Services

IT out sourcing service providers are increasingly being challenged to reduce costs while improving the quality of service implementation and delivery. A key contributor to those goals can be an improved methodology for services solution engineering - which involves analysis of the client's requirements and environment, mapping the information to the capabilities of the service provider, documenting the design and implementation of each service, and defining transformations of the customer's environment to the target IT infrastructure defined by the overall design that facilitates more efficient service delivery. One such improved methodology leverages reuse, in the form of a taxonomy of standardized service offerings and a repository of standardized service designs they can be mapped to. In this paper, we describe a prototype system that provides automation for such a methodology by encoding design policies that are used to assist the services solution architect gather relevant information from the customer and cross check design decisions. The approach demonstrates how the notion of computer-aided design can be applied to the world of IT services and introduced in an incremental manner. This paper presents the system architecture, discusses the sources and models of knowledge, and illustrates how this knowledge can be used with specific examples from the services field.
Capacitance and inductive influence of fusing behavior

A fusing technique is currently being investigated at the Energy Systems Institute that will utilize a thin film planar geometry. The film is capacitor grade, metallized polypropylene at seven microns thick, and was cut to sizes of 12" /spl times/ 3/4". The metallization consists of aluminum and has a surface resistance of 7 /spl Omega//square. The fusing technique under evaluation consists of a 2 /spl mu/F 12.5 kV/sub dc/ filter capacitor which is used to supply the 2500 V/sub dc/ to cause the desired fusing action. Initial measurements show an impulse current of 6 A and pulse duration of 50 /spl mu/s. As this was a filter capacitor, the inductance was assumed to be higher than an energy discharge capacitor and thus the energy discharge time would be slower. To confirm a high inductance, a GENRAD 1689 Precision RLC Digibridge was used to measure the stray inductance of the capacitor. The stray inductance was found to be approximately 12 mH, which is extremely high. An energy discharge capacitor will be inserted into the experimental setup to lower the inductance and decrease the energy discharge time.
Integrated carotid chemoreceptor and pulmonary inflation reflex control of peripheral vasoactivity in conscious dogs.

SUMMARY The interaction of carotid chemoreceptor and pulmonary inflation reflex control of vascular responses in the mesenteric, renal, and iliac beds was examined in conscious dogs by comparing responses to chemoreceptor stimulation (intracarotid injection of nicotine or cyanide) during spontaneous and controlled respiration. A biphasic response was evoked which was characterized by an initial bradycardia, an increase in mean arterial pressure, and a marked increase in resistance in the iliac [102 ± 17% (mean ± SE)] as compared with the mesenteric (16 ± 3%) and renal (9 ± 2%) beds. After the chemoreceptor-induced increases in ventilation, there was a later phase characterized by tachycardia, a decrease in mean arterial pressure, and a striking decrease in resistance in the iliac (—51 ± 2%) as compared with the mesenteric (—3 ± 4%) and renal (-11 ± 3%) beds. Alphablockade with phentolamine nearly abolished the early vasoconstriction and later vasodilation. When the chemoreceptor induced increase in respiration was prevented, or after bilateral vagotomy, there was significantly more (P < 0.01) vasoconstriction in all three beds and no later vasodilation. After mechanical hyperinflation of the lungs, a striking decrease in resistance was observed in the iliac (—56 ± 3%) as compared with the mesenteric (—17 ± 5%) and renal (—6 ± 6%) beds; these responses were not observed after alpha blockade or after vagotomy. Responses to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation were not observed after carotid sinus nerve section. Thus, carotid chemoreceptor stimulation in conscious dogs with spontaneous respiration results in a biphasic vascular response. Pulmonary inflation reflexes attenuate the initial vasoconstrictor response to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation and are responsible for the later period of vasodilation.
Molecular beam epitaxial GaAs/Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As p-channel field-effect transistors on

P-channel and n-channel heterostructure field effect transistors (HFETs) have been simultaneously fabricated by one-step molecular beam epitaxial growth of Si-doped Al/sub 0.2/Ga/sub 0.8/As/GaAs heterostructures on patterned
A novel message switch for highly parallel systems

A novel VLSI message switch design for application in highly parallel architectures is presented. The prominent features of this design are message combining, a shared central queue structure with a dynamic boundary and nonpreemptive priority, and a look-ahead protocol between switch nodes in adjacent stages. These features alleviate memory contention and increase the effective network bandwidth. >
Design and Implementation of an Undergraduate Laboratory Course in Psychophysiology.

Most psychology curricula require the completion of coursework on the physiological bases of behavior. However, delivery of this critical content in a laboratory format is somewhat rare at the undergraduate level. To fill this gap, this article describes the design and implementation of an undergraduate laboratory course in psychophysiology at a small, primarily undergraduate institution. I discuss the course goals, course structure, and evidence related to its usefulness and promise. The course appears to successfully illuminate the physiological bases of behavior via the conduct of original psychophysiological research.
Angry men and disgusted women: An evolutionary approach to the influence of emotions on risk taking

Despite considerable research on the influence of emotions on risk taking, investigators have yet to agree on an explanatory framework. Reviewing the literature, we identify problems with popular valence-based approaches. In contrast, Lerner and Keltners (2000, 2001) appraisal-tendencies theory has been supported, and usefully generates testable predictions regarding the effects of specific emotions. Nevertheless, though premised on the assumption that functional attributes differentiate emotions, this theory overlooks the ultimate goals that emotions serve. Adopting an evolutionary perspective, we predicted that, despite having similar appraisal tendencies, anger and disgust would have opposite effects on risk taking, since anger functions to deter transgression through aggression, while disgust functions to ward off contamination; an evolutionary perspective also led us to predict sex differences in these effects. Employing a gambling task involving substantial real stakes, we demonstrate that anger increases risk taking in men, while disgust decreases risk taking in women. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Making the Case for Early Treatment of Acne

Early acne can be defined as the occurrence of acne at its onset, primarily in preteens, or as acne at its earliest severity (ie, mild to moderate). Although the majority of patients with acne are treated by dermatologists, most, particularly mild to moderate cases, could be successfully managed by primary care physicians. Therefore, it is important for physicians to understand the benefits of treating all types of acne, not just the most severe. Awareness of the emotional impact of acne, particularly in adolescence, as well as recognition of possible scarring are important considerations. To achieve optimal results, physicians should be familiar with classification and severity grading of acne. Also, in-depth knowledge of available acne medications will streamline and optimize treatment regimens. Recognizing, treating, and monitoring the progress of early acne may lead to quicker, better clinical outcomes and improved quality of life.
Operational Strategy for Advanced Vehicle Location System–Based Transit Signal Priority

Future deployments of transit signal priority (TSP) in the United States depend largely on improving TSP strategies to better accommodate transit vehicles while at the same time minimizing the negative impacts on the vehicles of the nonprioritized approaches. Advanced vehicle location (AVL) technology holds great potential in this regard. This paper develops a methodology that incorporates the predicted bus arrival time information into an AVL based TSP system to improve its performance. It is demonstrated analytically that the time to trigger the traffic signal for priority operation, especially Early Green, is of particular importance to both transit and passenger vehicles. A theoretical model is developed to identify the optimal time to place a priority call based on the predicted bus arrival time information. A simulation analysis is conducted to verify the theoretical approach and further identify the optimal call-time points for general cases. The research is focused on operation of TSP under modera...
Identification of mZnf8, a Mouse Krüppel-Like Transcriptional Repressor, as a Novel Nuclear Interaction Partner of Smad1

To identify novel genes that play critical roles in mediating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signal pathways, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using Smad1 as bait. A novel mouse Kruppel-type zinc finger protein, mZnf8, was isolated. Interactions between mZnf8 and Smad proteins were further analyzed with various in vitro and in vivo approaches, including mammalian two-hybrid, in vitro glutathione S-transferase pulldown, and copurification assays. Results from functional analysis indicate that mZnf8 is a nuclear transcriptional repressor. Overexpression of mZnf8 represses activity of BMP and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) reporters. Silencing the expression of endogenous mZnf8 with an RNA interference approach caused a significant increase in the expression of one BMP reporter. These results suggest that mZnf8 negatively regulates the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway in vivo. Transcription of mZnf8 is ubiquitous in mouse embryos, but high levels are specifically observed in adult mouse testes, with the same cell- and stage-specific transcription pattern as Smad1. Our data support the hypothesis that mZnf8 plays critical roles in mediating BMP signaling during spermatogenesis.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS: IV. STUDIES WITH INHIBITORS.

SUMMARY Tetrolyl-CoA and propiolyl-Coh have been shot{ n to be strong noncompetitive inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis. Acrylyl-CoA and isocrotonyl-Coh also inhibit, but much higher concentrations are required. It is suggested that this inhibition occurs through an interaction between the triple and double bonds of these compounds and enzyme sulfhydryl groups. Palmityl-CoA and free CoA have also been shown to inhibit fatty acid synthesis and to block the condensation of acetyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA, and the reduction of crotonylCoA to butyrate. The reduction of acetoacetyl-Co.4 to the @-hydroxy derivative was not inhibited by these materials, although the complete reduction to butyrate was prevented. The addition of flavin nucleotides also inhibited fatty acid synthesis catalyzed by brain enzyme preparations. The impairment of fatty acid synthesis by several well-recognized inhibitors of sulfhydryl enzymes has been reported previously (1-3). In the course of studies of possible intermediates in fatty acid synthesis, it was discovered that alkyne acyl-CoA analogs are strongly inhibitory. Evidence for the inhibition of several steps in fatty acid biosynthesis is presented. Furthermore, free coenzyme A (CoA), a by-product of fatty acid synthesis, and palmityl-CoA inhibit similarly at concentrations equivalent to optimal substrate levels. The present communication describes experiments dealing with the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis by thesr? and several flavin-containing compounds.
Accurate diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori. 13C-urea breath test.

The urea breath test is the noninvasive method of choice to determine Helicobacter pylori status. This test is based on the organism's urease activity, which liberates carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from urea and produces ammonia to buffer its acidic environment. Ingestion of labeled urea results in the production of labeled CO 2 , which then can be detected in the breath. Two forms of labeled urea are available: one contains the stable, nonradioactive isotope 13 C, and the other contains the radioactive isotope 14 C. Although the amount of radiation exposure with the 14 C-urea breath test is small, none is best, and in the authors' opinion, the test is contraindicated for children, pregnant women, and possibly women of childbearing age. The amount of radiation exposure is approximately equivalent to 1 day's background radiation, but because the label potentially can be incorporated into the bicarbonate pool and the half-life is long, the long-term effects are unpredictable. The 13 C-urea breath test has proved to be an extremely reliable test and yields satisfactory results; most of the conceivable modifications have been tried. The test is a qualitative assay for the urease enzyme. The concepts underlying the test are straightforward, as are the factors that could lead to false-positive or false-negative results, as follows: Substrate Quantity of substrate Formulation (tablet, powder) Breath collection Device used (storage, stability) Analyses Device (mass spectroscopy, infrared) Expression of results Local factors in the stomach Duration of substrate within the stomach Area of contact between bacterial urease and substrate Type of test meal Presence of oral or intestinal bacteria with urease activity Density of H. pylori Presence of urease inhibitors
UNUNITED ANOMALOUS EPIPHYSES OF THE INFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSES OF THE LUMBAR VERTEBRAE

An unexplained incomplete union of the inferior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae is presented. This has the typical roentgenographic appearance of an ununited epiphysis. Separate epiphyses for the articular processes are not described in the present texts of embryology or anatomy or in the available literature. This condition has been illustrated and described in detail, because it may assume medicolegal significance when misinterpreted as fracture. When one becomes familiar with the typical roentgenographic appearance, the condition offers no diagnostic difficulties. We believe this is an ununited epiphysis, probably anomalous, of the inferior articular process of the lumbar vertebrae. As stated before, embryological confirmation is lacking. It seems logical to assume that the anomaly is not responsible for the symptoms present in the cases described.
Prognostic determinants in patients with stage I uterine papillary serous carcinoma: a 15-year multi-institutional review.

Objective The aim of this retrospective, multi-institutional study was to evaluate the importance of surgical staging for stage I uterine papillary serous carcinomas (UPSCs) to determine optimal management of this rare tumor. Methods With institutional review board approval from both participating institutions, all patients with 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I mixed serous and UPSC diagnosed between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2007, were identified at the 2 institutions. Clinical factors were correlated using Spearman correlation coefficients, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and a Cox proportional hazards model. Results Of the 204 UPSC patients treated during this period, 84 were classified as stage I, with substages as follows: stage IA, n = 71; stage IB, n = 13. Thirty-seven patients (44%) had a history of a second cancer (22 breast tumors, 9 synchronous mullerian cancers). Surgical staging with at least hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in 60 (71%) of 84 patients. The median survival for all patients was 10 years. Univariate analysis revealed surgical staging (P Conclusions Independent of adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation, stage of disease, comprehensive surgical staging, and the presence of a second malignancy were predictors of overall survival.
An Unusual Parantennuloid, Philodana johnstoni n.g., n. sp. (Acari: Parasitiformes: Philodanidae, n. fam.) Associated with Neatus tenebrioides (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in North America

The deutonymph, male, and female of Philodana johnstoni n.g., n. sp., are described. A new family, Philodanidae, is erected for this species. The relationship of Philodanidae to Parantennulidae and other Antennophorina is discussed.
Equating with Miditests Using IRT.

The equating performance of two internal anchor test structures—miditests and minitests—is studied for four IRT equating methods using simulated data. Originally proposed by Sinharay and Holland, miditests are anchors that have the same mean difficulty as the overall test but less variance in item difficulties. Four popular IRT equating methods were tested, and both the means and SDs of the true ability of the group to be equated were varied. We evaluate equating accuracy marginally and conditional on true ability. Our results suggest miditests perform about as well as traditional minitests for most conditions. Findings are discussed in terms of comparability to the typical minitest design and the trade-off between accuracy and flexibility in test construction.
“L’immagine di lui che ho conservato”

When Primo Levi’s collection of short stories, Lilit, appeared in English as Moments of Reprieve, it was a truncated volume, containing only one section of the original. It also bore the subtitle A Memoir of Auschwitz, an allusion to the content, since the text deals primarily with Levi’s experiences in the concentration camp and exclusively with Holocaust topics. While the slim volume of Moments of Reprieve benefits from a sharper focus on Holocaust writing, its removal from a broader context of tales of disaster and crisis means that readers are deprived of the rich intratextual references among the stories. In particular, writing emerges in Lilit as an overarching theme that unifies the volume, and the comments on writing about the Holocaust take their place among thoughts on writing in general. The first part of this chapter will examine Levi’s introduction to the English language collection and show how his stated goals undermine the subtitle of the volume. In the second section, I will examine some of the themes of writing present in the Holocaust stories. In the final section, I will study stories from the Italian volume in which echoes from the Auschwitz material can be found, looking in particular at sections where Levi appears to answer an earlier query.
White matter disease in midlife is heritable, related to hypertension, and shares some genetic influence with systolic blood pressure.

White matter disease in the brain increases with age and cardiovascular disease, emerging in midlife, and these associations may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. We examined the frequency, distribution, and heritability of abnormal white matter and its association with hypertension in 395 middle-aged male twins (61.9 ± 2.6 years) from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging, 67% of whom were hypertensive. A multi-channel segmentation approach estimated abnormal regions within the white matter. Using multivariable regression models, we characterized the frequency distribution of abnormal white matter in midlife and investigated associations with hypertension and Apolipoprotein E-e4 status and the impact of duration and control of hypertension. Then, using the classical twin design, we estimated abnormal white matter heritability and the extent of shared genetic overlap with blood pressure. Abnormal white matter was predominantly located in periventricular and deep parietal and frontal regions; associated with age (t = 1.9, p = 0.05) and hypertension (t = 2.9, p = 0.004), but not Apolipoprotein e4 status; and was greater in those with uncontrolled hypertension relative to controlled (t = 3.0, p = 0.003) and normotensive (t = 4.0, p = 0.0001) groups, suggesting that abnormal white matter may reflect currently active cerebrovascular effects. Abnormal white matter was highly heritable (a2 = 0.81) and shared some genetic influences with systolic blood pressure (rA = 0.26), although there was evidence for distinct genetic contributions and unique environmental influences. Future longitudinal research will shed light on factors impacting white matter disease presentation, progression, and potential recovery.
Evolution of Criminology and Criminal Justice Education in India: Past, Present, and Future

This chapter explores the evolution and the nature of modern criminology in contemporary India. The evolution of academic criminology in India began with the call of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1957 for the development of criminology in the newly developing countries as a part of expanding science and scientific research in the study of crime and criminal justice. The University of Sagar, located in the central state of Madhya Pradesh, was the first university in India to establish an academic program in criminology in 1959. Within the last five decades, academic criminology in India has vastly advanced. Outside the Western world, and among the South Asian countries, academic criminology and criminal justice research and education are highly advanced in India with a huge number of doctoral, master's, and undergraduate programs within the university settings; a growing number of journals and professional societies; and an expanding job market for the graduates of criminology and criminal justice. For further advancement in India’s academic criminology, it must, however, be integrated to the governance and policy-making in crime control and criminal justice.
The Physical and Cognitive Performance Test for Residents in Assisted Living Facilities.

Objectives To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a new performance-based instrument (Physical and Cognitive Performance Test for Assisted Living Facilities (PCPT ALF)) designed to assess the physical and cognitive skills associated with performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Design There were three stages in this study: development of instrument items and validity testing, a feasibility pilot study, and a cross-sectional trial to establish construct and criterion validity and reliability. Setting One 116-bed assisted living facility (ALF). Participants After a pilot test with 10 residents, a cross-sectional trial was conducted with 55 additional residents. Measurements The Barthel Index and Functional Independence Measure were used to estimate criterion validity. Construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analyses (EFAs). Results Disattenuated correlations between the PCPT ALF and other tools were all greater than 0.72, supporting criterion validity. Internal consistency (physical ability, α = 0.95; cognitive support, α = 0.92) and 1-week test–retest reliability (PCPT ALF, P = .93) were high, as was interrater reliability (IRR) (physical ability, 0.99; cognitive support, 1.00). In two EFAs, a one-factor solution accounted for 64.1% of the variance for the physical ability subscale and 63.5% of the variance for the cognitive support subscale. Conclusion The findings provide early evidence of the PCPT ALF's validity and reliability. If confirmed, this study's findings may be used in future work to assess the success of interventions to prevent or slow decline in the skills associated with ADL and IADL performance in ALFs.
Impact of a Community Pharmacy Based Health, Wellness and Prevention Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experience

Accreditation standards for United States of America (US) schools of pharmacy incorporate introductory pharmacy practice experiences (IPPE) that provide direct patient care activities. In an effort to blend this requirement with a public health focus, a pharmacy school in the southeastern US developed a weeklong IPPE in a community pharmacy with a public health focus. Activities for this IPPE included providing immunisations, non-prescription product counselling, and medication therapy management. Since its establishment in Autumn of 2011, 18,452 vaccinations have been administered by pharmacy students. This experience can serve as a model for public health patient care activities by pharmacy students in a community pharmacy setting.
Conditioning of a previously neutral cue to the onset of a metabolic drive: Two instances of negative results

Two experiments attempting to condition the onset of a metabolic drive to previously neutral cue are reported. Experiment I failed to yield reliable results when 3 groups of 12 rats were tested after being exposed to a neutral cue (light) under strong, medium, and weak drive conditions during training. Experiment II also produced negative results when 3 groups of 12 rats were tested each week for the development of secondary motivation in a previously neutral cue (tone). These results, along with the negative findings of other investigators, were interpreted as suggesting the necessity of developing new approaches to the theoretically important area of secondary motivation.
Las bases sociales de los partidos políticos en Argentina,1912-2003

A partir del. ascenso mete6rico del peronismo en los anos cuarenta, muchos especialistas han debatido las bases socioecon6micas de este movimiento de masas convertido en partido politico. Algunos expertos caracterizan al peronismo como un partido que representa a Ia clase trabajadora, una clase hasta entonces excluida de Ia politica electoral argentina (Butler 1969; Canton, Jorrat y Juarez 1976; Huerta Palau 1963; Kirkpatrick 1971; Upset 1981; Manzetti 1993; Ranis 1979; Smith 1969; Snow 1969}. Otros lo ven meramente como el sucesor electoral mas importante de un existente partido de Ia clase trabajadora, los socialistas (Adelman 1992; Canton 1973; Canton y Jorrat 1996, 1998; Walter 1978). E incluso otros consideran al peronismo como un movimiento multiclase dependiente de una coalici6n de intereses de clase (Germani 1955). Sostienen que Ia interpretaci6n del peronismo como un fen6meno multiclase ayuda a explicar Ia fragilidad del partido y el eventual derrocamiento de Per6n en 1955 (Kenworthy 1973, 1975; Schoultz 1977; Smith 1972). Lo que esta en juego en este debate son hechos ba.sicos que animan Ia historia politica argentina. {_Forj6 Juan Domingo Per6n un partido de los trabajadores o un movimiento multiclase? {_La rivalidad partidista expresaba u ocultaba una profunda divisi6n de clases? {_EI surgimiento del peronismo transform6 el paisaje politico o meramente continu6 el conflicto que hasta entonces se vela expresado en Ia rivalidad entre el partido radical (Uni6n Civica Radical) y los socialistas? Detras de estas preguntas se encuentran otros interrogantes que conl!evan implicaciones para las teorfas de desarrollo politico (Adelman 1992), el ascenso del autoritarismo popular (Germani 1973; Kirkpatrick 1971; Schoultz 1977), el papel de Ia movilizaci6n de masas (Upset 1981; Smith 1969) y Ia importancia
'Einwanderung Im Wohlfahrtstaat: Die Solidarität und das Problem der Homogenität' ('Immigration and the Welfare State: Solidarity and the Problem of Homogeneity')

German Abstract: Wenn Kontrollverlust und Verlustangste anstelle von Solidaritat und Sicherheit die Bevolkerungsmehrheiten vieler westlicher Staaten mobilisieren und Fragen der Integration und Immigration breite gesellschaftliche Sorgen uber Identitat sowie die politische und soziale Gemeinschaft hervorrufen, stellt sich in aller Aktualitat die Frage, was eine liberale Gesellschaft zusammenhalt. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der Beitrag das Verhaltnis von gesellschaftlicher Homogenitat und Solidaritat im Wohlfahrtsstaat. Nachdem vergleichend die Schwierigkeiten aufgezeigt werden, die Einwanderung und Integration von Zuwanderern fur den Wohlfahrtsstaat auslosen, wird das Potential der Nation in Anbetracht der Suche nach gemeinsamer Kultur und Identitat beleuchtet. Beruht der Wohlfahrtsstaat auf einem die Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft zusammenhaltenden Konsens, kann er eine weitere Integration von Einwanderern unterstutzen. Allerdings ist Integration auch eine Voraussetzung fur die anfangliche Zulassung, an ihm zu partizipieren. Ob an dieser Schnittstelle Staatsburgerschaftstests oder Integrationsvertrage eine homogene Kultur oder einen ubergreifenden Konsens erreichen konnen, scheint zweifelhaft. Vielmehr muss sich der demokratische Wohlfahrtsstaat zu diesem Zwecke mit der Inklusion aller auf seinem Territorium Lebenden befassen. Individuelle gleiche Rechte, Diskriminierungsverbote, beschleunigter Spracherwerb oder Berufsbildungsprogramme mogen einer gesellschaftlichen Segregation entgegenwirken. Doch auch die anforderungsgemase Erleichterung von Integration gilt es zu erwagen. Dabei ist zur Beforderung effektiver Solidaritat wiederum Vertrauen in eine integrierte Gesellschaft vonnoten. Nach alldem stellt sich die Aufgabe, ein umfassenderes „Wir“ im Sinne sozialer Gleichheit zu schaffen, wobei die Integration von Einwanderern als masgeblich fur die Konstruktion gesellschaftlicher Solidaritat erscheint. English Abstract: What is the basis of social solidarity in liberal welfare states? What is the relationship between immigration and social solidarity? Do culture and identity serve as an underpinning for successful redistribution measures? Can immigrant “integration” into “the nation” successfully overcome the fears of loss of control that fuel populist and anti-immigrant movements in western welfare states?
Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Characterization of Fiber-Matrix Interface in Advanced Composites

In this paper, a recently developed revolutionary approach to material characterization for application to the development of advanced composite materials is presented. A methodology of fiber-matrix interface characterization has been recently developed based on the shear back reflectivity technique. This new methodology uses ultrasonic waves to nondestructively evaluate the interfacial elastic properties at a localized level. This new approach is nondestructive in nature in contrast to traditional destructive characterization techniques which are costly, time consuming, tedious and which also render the samples unusable for other experiments. Based on this interface characterization methodology, an original, unique, innovative method of imaging fiber microcracking has been developed to augment standard experiments such as fiber fragmentation, transverse loading, fiber-push tests, etc., conducted by scientists developing advanced composites. This provides critical information to materials researchers for micro-mechanics modeling studies to evaluate fracture and fatigue behavior of composites. Further, the methodology is used to assist and enhance the traditional experiments such as fiber fragmentation tests for interfacial shear load transfer behavior studies, fiber push tests for interfacial factional and fracture behavior studies, transverse loading tests for interfacial stress at fracture, etc. Thus, the nondestructive ultrasonic technique has been shown here to extend the horizons of material behavior studies by providing new information obtained during in situ testing or in an interrupted mode. Moreover, the new technique alleviate the need for traditional destructive characterization work such as optical metallography. The entirely new information provided by this breakthrough technique is now extensively used by materials behavior groups at the WL / Materials Directorate (WL/ML) for determination of the basic mechanisms of damage in composites to improve both the processing and the reliability of the experimental characterization of the materials.
THE CENTER OF A FLOW

Publisher Summary Birkhoff directed considerable attention toward developing a theory for qualitatively determining all types of solutions or motions and their interrelationships for dynamical systems. The set of central motions or center of a continuous flow on a Hausdorff phase space has been defined to be the closure of the set of Poisson stable points. Knight generalized the result that the set of Poisson stable points is dense in the phase space to locally compact Hausdorff spaces. This chapter explains how this statement is true for completely regular Baire–Hausdorff phase spaces and concludes with a brief examination of orbits.
The Roles of Rods, Cones, and Melanopsin in Photoresponses of M4 Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs) and Optokinetic Visual Behavior

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) mediate not only image-forming vision like other ganglion cells, but also non-image-forming physiological responses to light such as pupil constriction and circadian photoentrainment. All ipRGCs respond to light through their endogenous photopigment melanopsin as well as rod/cone-driven synaptic inputs. A major knowledge gap is how melanopsin, rods, and cones differentially drive ipRGC photoresponses and image-forming vision. We whole-cell-recorded from M4-type ipRGCs lacking melanopsin, rod input, or cone input to dissect the roles of each component in ipRGCs' responses to steady and temporally modulated (≥0.3 Hz) lights. We also used a behavioral assay to determine how the elimination of melanopsin, rod, or cone function impacts the optokinetic visual behavior of mice. Results showed that the initial, transient peak in an M4 cell's responses to 10-s light steps arises from rod and cone inputs. Both the sustainability and poststimulus persistence of these light-step responses depend only on rod and/or cone inputs, which is unexpected because these ipRGC photoresponse properties have often been attributed primarily to melanopsin. For temporally varying stimuli, the enhancement of response sustainedness involves melanopsin, whereas stimulus tracking is mediated by rod and cone inputs. Finally, the behavioral assay showed that while all three photoreceptive systems are nearly equally important for contrast sensitivity, only cones and rods contribute to spatial acuity.
«Rito greco, lingua dalmatica»: Ruthenians in early modern Rome

In 1639, Pope Urban VIII entrusted the church of Santi Sergio e Bacco in Rome to the Byzantine-Rite Basilian monks from regions that now form part of Belarus, Lithuania, and Ukraine. The essay briefly outlines how this national church differed from others that predated it. Besides being the church for the Ruthenians, themselves subject to the Polish king, the place served as the seat for the representative of the Basilian Order, who also acted as procurator of the Ruthenian Greek-Catholic Church to the Holy See. Relying on the combination of their own Marian imagery and oversight by local architects, SS. Sergio e Bacco presents us with a rare scenario of how a small community forged its own identity while carefully navigating a complex world of church hierarchies, institutions, cross-national politics in Early Modern Rome. The article draws on a careful investigation of the extant primary sources found in the Roman archives, and forms part of a larger doctoral dissertation. Nel 1639, Papa Urbano VIII affido la chiesa dei Santi Sergio e Bacco a Roma ai monaci basiliani di rito bizantino che provenivano da regioni oggi parte della Bielorussia, della Lituania e dell'Ucraina. Questo saggio analizza come questa chiesa nazionale fu differente da altre che la precedettero. Oltre ad essere la chiesa dei ruteni, essi stessi soggetti al re polacco, il luogo serviva come sede per il procuratore dei basiliani e della Chiesa greco-cattolica rutena presso la Santa Sede. A partire dalla combinazione delle proprie immagini mariane e della supervisione di architetti locali, SS. Sergio e Bacco ci offre uno scenario raro di come una piccola comunita abbia forgiato la propria identita nella Roma moderna, navigando attentamente in un mondo complesso di gerarchie ecclesiastiche, istituzioni e politiche transnazionali. L'articolo si basa sull'investigazione attenta di fonti primarie trovate negli archivi romani e fa parte di un piu ampio progetto di dottorato.
Sex Differences in Cognitive Responses to Stress in Rodents

Abstract Research from our own and other laboratories showing different cognitive responses to stress in male and female rodents using recognition memory tasks is reviewed. Overall, male rodents are impaired on object recognition and placement tests following stress while females are either not affected or show improved performance on such tasks. The possible influence of stress on psychological and performance parameters, rather than mnemonic factors, in completing the tasks is discussed. At the neural level, a number of sex-dependent, stress-induced changes are emerging but their links to memory are not well investigated. The need for further research on and a better understanding of how these sex differences emerge in relation to stress-induced mental diseases is also discussed. Overall, recognition memory tasks are a valuable addition to the repertoire of animal behaviour testing within a neuroendocrine framework, and their use has greatly expanded the evidence showing that stress causes sexually differentiated effects on cognitive function in rats.
Reenacting mathematical concepts found in large-scale dance performance can provide both material and method for ensemble learning

We present exploratory analyses of three cases in which groups of four (quartets) worked with video recordings of choreographed performances from the opening ceremony of the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. We asked quartets to view the recordings, explain what performers were doing by reenacting what they noticed in the video, and create their own performances using props akin to those in the recording. In response, participants explored symmetries and transformations of quadrilaterals and triangles. We contribute to research on distributed, embodied mathematical learning at four levels. First, we argue for design research that engages in creative re-use by foraging in public media for performances with mathematical potential, then designing activities that invite learners to dissect and reenact these performances to explore that potential. Second, we analyze quartets’ work as a form of ensemble learning that hybridizes dance and mathematics. Third, we describe interactions that produced intercorporeality in the material work of quartets. Finally, we argue for reenactment as a supplement to methods of Interaction Analysis, using our own analysis as an illustration of this novel approach.
Data-driven energy models for existing VFD-motor-pump systems

Efficiency deterioration and inappropriate control can degrade the energy performance of motor-driven pump and fan systems. Since variable frequency drives (VFDs) are widely applied, variable frequ...