cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of parameters affecting broken heating curve.

Abstract A thermo-rheological (TR) model based on dynamic rheological data was used to study numerically broken heating curve during natural convection heating of a 3.5% starch dispersion (STD) in a can. Heat penetration parameters were found to be associated with the TR behavior. The heat penetration parameters obtained at low retort temperatures (101 °C and 111 °C) were influenced mostly by magnitude of the apparent viscosity (ηa) during the gelatinization and early post-gelatinization phases, while those obtained at high retort temperatures (121 °C and 131 °C) by (ηa) during the late stage of post-gelatinization phase. Several observations with respect to extrapolation of the heat penetration parameters to other process conditions were in good agreement with experimental observations of Berry and Bush (1987).
Receptor Heterodimerization: A New Mechanism for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Induced Resistance to Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Therapy for Bladder Cancer

Purpose: Human bladder cancer cells resistant to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy often co-express platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β. We determined whether there is functional crosstalk between epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β, and how this regulates biological functions in bladder cancer cases.Materials and Methods: We determined heterodimerization and co-localization of epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy, respectively. We tested the antiproliferative effects of specific inhibitory monoclonal antibodies to each receptor by 3H-thymidine uptake assay. We transfected the nonplatelet-derived growth factor receptor-β expressing bladder cancer cell line UMUC5 with the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β gene. These cells were analyzed in vitro by 3H-thymidine uptake and by Matrigel™ invasion assay, and in vivo for tumorigenicity, metastatic potentia...
Ser214 Is Crucial for Substrate Binding to Serine Proteases

Highly conserved amino acids that form crucial structural elements of the catalytic apparatus can be used to account for the evolutionary history of serine proteases and the cascades into which they are organized. One such evolutionary marker in chymotrypsin-like proteases is Ser(214), located adjacent to the active site and forming part of the primary specificity pocket. Here we report the mutation of Ser(214) in thrombin to Ala, Thr, Cys, Asp, Glu, and Lys. None of the mutants seriously compromises active site catalytic function as measured by the kinetic parameter k(cat). However, the least conservative mutations result in large increases in K(m) because of lower rates of substrate diffusion into the active site. Therefore, the role of Ser(214) is to promote the productive formation of the enzyme-substrate complex. The S214C mutant is catalytically inactive, which suggests that during evolution the TCN-->AGY codon transitions for Ser(214) occurred through Thr intermediates.
GENETIC INFLUENCE ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM : EVIDENCE FOR A RENIN INHIBITOR IN HYPERTENSION-PRONE RATS

Two strains of rats with opposite genetic propensity for hypertension were tested for: (a) the sensitivity to injections of angiotensin and renin, and (b) the influence of their plasma on the reaction velocity of renin and its substrate in vitro. Intact hypertension-prone (S) rats on low salt had higher sensitivity to angiotensin and a lower sensitivity to renin than hypertension-resistant (R) rats. High NaCl diet did not change the response of the R rats to these injections, but increased the response to renin and angiotensin in intact S rats. Bilateral nephrectomy caused increased response to renin and a decreased response to angiotensin in the S rats, so that both strains were equivalent after bilateral nephrectomy. In vitro, plasma from intact S rats inhibited the activity of hog renin. Plasma from R rats showed no inhibition. The inhibitor disappeared after bilateral nephrectomy. It was speculated that renin inhibitor may be involved in the development of hypertension by increasing sensitivity to angiotensin and other hypertensinogenic stimuli.
Physiological response of growth chamber-grown cotton plants to the plant growth regulator PGR-IV under water-deficit stress

The plant growth regulator PGR-IV has been shown to improve the development and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants. However, cotton responses to PGR-IV under water-deficit stress have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine if PGR-IV could partially alleviate the detrimental effects of water stress on leaf photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of cotton plants. Results indicated that leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of growth chamber-grown cotton linearly decreased as leaf water potential (Ψw) declined when Ψw < −1.4 MPa. PGR-IV application prior to water stress treatment did not significantly affect components of Ψw of drought-stressed cotton plants. However, the leaves of water-stressed plants treated with PGR-IV had significantly higher stomatal conductance (gs) on the 3rd and 4th day of the water stress, and greater Pn between the 4th and 6th day compared to the untreated plants. The average leaf Pn of the plants treated with PGR-IV increased by 13.5% compared with untreated plants during the water deficit stress. The contents of P, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe in PGR-IV treated plants were 29% to 170% higher than untreated plants under the conditions of water stress (P < 0.05 ∼ 0.001). Water-stressed plants with PGR-IV also had significantly higher dry weights of roots and floral buds than the untreated water-stressed plants. PGR-IV has the potential to alleviate partially the detrimental effects of water stress on photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation, and to improve the growth and nutrient absorption of growth chamber-grown cotton plants.
Revising senior pharmacy grand rounds to incorporate longitudinal board review to prepare students for licensing examination

Abstract Little is known about the content of senior grand rounds (GR) or senior seminars frequently taught as a component of the Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum. Colleges and schools of pharmacy use GR to educate senior pharmacy students, showcase role models, and promote collegiality. In the past, GR at the Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences were designed similarly and had vague overall objectives. We redesigned our GR with a focused goal to guide and prepare our graduates for licensing examination (the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX)). To assist with reaching this goal, we incorporated disease state reviews, case-based discussions, and questions designed similarly to the NAPLEX format. During the senior year, five GR sessions were conducted with our graduating class of 182 students. Each session focused on major disease state reviews, with an active-learning discussion incorporating profile-based cases and questions that students answered using audience response systems (ARS). A cumulative examination was administered during the last GR session. A survey examining student perceptions of their learning and value of GR was also conducted. Majority of students enjoyed the new pedagogical approach used in GR, and 65% felt that GR contributed to their confidence in being prepared for pharmacy licensing examination. Conclusion: we describe a new approach to senior GR in a large College of Pharmacy with a focus on preparing students for licensing examination. Student survey revealed that the students had favorable views on this revised approach to conducting GR.
Early-onset depression and the emotional and behavioral characteristics of offspring.

We compared the emotional and behavioral characteristics of offspring of parents with early-onset depression and the offspring of parents with late-onset depression. Forty-three parents who met criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) completed the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist-Parent Report Version (CBCL) for a birth child (n=43, age range 6–17 years). Parents were classified as having either early SD onset (<19 years) or late-onset (≥19 years) MDD based on responses gathered during the SCID-P interview. Unpaired t-tests were used to compare the two offspring groups on CBCL clinical and competency scales. Chi-square analyses and unpaired t-tests were used to compare the two parent groups on demographic and clinical features. Offspring of parents with early-onset depression scored significantly higher on the majority of the CBCL clinical scale scores when compared with offspring of parents with late-onset depression, rated as exhibiting higher levels of the characteristics measured: withdrawn, anxious/depressed, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, and aggressive behavior. Additionally, this group had a significantly higher total T score (a global measure of psychopathology) and significantly lower social functioning. Children of parents with early-onset depression may be at higher risk for behavioral and emotional problems than offspring of parents with late-onset depression. This finding may be significant in uncovering sources of vulnerability and formulating intervention strategies for offspring of depressed parents. Depression and Anxiety 18:104–108, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The charge-transfer properties of the S2 state of fucoxanthin in solution and in fucoxanthin chlorophyll-a/c2 protein (FCP) based on stark spectroscopy and molecular-orbital theory.

Fucoxanthin chlorophyll-a/c2 protein (FCP), the membrane-intrinsic light harvesting complex from the diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana, is characterized by Stark spectroscopy to obtain a quantitative measure of the excited-state dipolar properties of the constituent pigments. The electro-optical properties of the carotenoid fucoxanthin (Fx), the primary light harvester in FCP, were determined from the Stark spectrum measured in a MeTHF glass (77 K) and compared to the results from electronic-structure calculations. On photon absorption by Fx, a 17 D change in the static dipole moment (|Δμ|exp), and a somewhat larger |Δμ|exp at the red edge, are measured for the S0 → S2 (11Ag−-like →11Bu*+-like) transition. The large change in dipole moment indicates that Fx undergoes photoinduced charge transfer (CT), and underscores the influence of the S2 state on the polarity-dependent excited-state dynamics of Fx that has so far been attributed to, and discussed in terms of, the S0 and the S1/ICT states. MNDO-PSDCI and...
Electrokinetic Cell Separation

Abstract Particles of the size of living cells are too big to be separated in stabilizing media such as gels. The separation thus has to be done while they are freely suspended in a buffer contained in a vessel of appropriate shape. The major two disturbing factors under these conditions are cell sedimentation and electroosmotic backflow along the walls of the vessel.
Dietary Fat and Cholesterol Intake of Chinese Americans in Houston, Texas

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: to discover the differences in fat and cholesterol intake among Chinese Americans and the variables that impact those differences. The rapid growth of the Asian American population has illuminated the need for greater knowledge of the health and nutrition problems of this group. In this study, a food frequency questionnaire and survey on health status was developed to examine the fat and cholesterol intake and related health problems of Chinese Americans in the greater Houston area. The survey was administered to 383 subjects through Chinese American churches in the area. Results of the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square, multivariate analysis of variance, analysis of variance, and multiple regression. The findings indicate that in this sample, American-born and overseas-born Chinese Americans (ABCs and OBCs) consumed a similar amount of fat and saturated fat, but OBCs consumed a significantly greater amount of cholesterol than ABCs. A substantial percentage of the sample consumed fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol in amounts considered excessive by national health agencies. The specific factors that appeared to influence the level of cholesterol intake were marital status and having children for ABCs, and years living in the U.S. and herb and tonic usage for OBCs. The conclusions of this study may be useful in evaluating and designing health education materials and intervention strategies for Chinese Americans and other Asian American groups.
Critical Care Medicine : Organizing and Staffing Intensive Care Units

An attempt has been made to direct the evolution of critical care medicine based on the author1s personal experiences with the development of emergency care and intensive care programs during the past decade, and on review of the available literature. Critical care medicine (i.e., acute medicine) includes emergency medical services for life-threatening conditions and intensive care. In contrast to the hitherto often disorganized and haphazardous development of intensive care units, we propose a logical, community-oriented plan to implement present knowledge in multidisciplinary interdepartmental intensive care.
The revolution of nursing pedagogy: a transformational process

Abstract Nursing education is an evolutionary process that has experienced a metamorphosis through different pedagogies from an apprenticeship model in the exclusive clinical setting to a holistic model in the college setting. Recent developments in adult education and research have strongly influenced the need to revolutionize nursing education to cultivate future nurses who can provide safe, effective care based on the individual client needs and their situations. Nursing missions, values, and curricula should reflect a program that promotes learning as the center of student development. Learning empowers nursing students to engage in reflection, praxis, and effective dialogue. However, the revolution of nursing pedagogy involves a transformational process from the traditional conservative model of instruction where the student is the passive recipient of information to a critical model where the student is engaged in the process of developing autonomy and empowerment. To meet these requirements for the future generation of nurses, leaders will be challenged to create a paradigm shift in nursing pedagogy using a transformational process among faculty and students in the organization.
Exploitation or Fun? The Lived Experience of Teenage Employment in Suburban America

Objectivist scholars characterize typical teenage jobs as “exploitive”: highly routinized service sector jobs with low pay, no benefits, minimum skill requirements, and little time off. This view assumes exploitive characteristics are inherent in the jobs, ignoring the lived experience of the teenage workers. This article focuses on the lived work experience of particularly affluent, suburban teenagers who work in these jobs and explores the meaning they create during their everyday work experience. Based on a large ethnographic study conducted with the teenage workers at a national coffee franchise, this article unravels the ways in which objectivist views of these “bad jobs” differ from the everyday experience of the actors. The findings show that from the perspective of the teenagers, these “exploitive jobs” are often seen as fun, social, and empowering and are free spaces where they can express their creativity and individuality. These findings demonstrate the importance of employing a constructionist...
Clash of Civilizations or Clash of Religions

Religion, Civilization, and Civil War: 1945 Through the New Millennium. By Jonathan Fox. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2004. 312 pp., $75.00 (ISBN: 0-7391-0744-5). The broad question motivating Jonathan Fox's Religion, Civilization, and Civil War: 1945 Through the New Millennium is interesting, both theoretically and empirically: What is the overall influence of religion and civilizational divides on intrastate conflicts? Fox begins by noting that the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, brought renewed attention to the role of religion in conflict and highlighted the inadequacies of our understanding of this relationship. He argues that much of the conflict literature on the causal impact of religion—as well as its kin: civilization—suffers from ad hoc analyses, too little large-N empirical testing, and too little theorizing. Thus, Fox sets out to correct these shortcomings by examining the role of religion and civilizational divides in intrastate conflicts between 1945 and 2001, utilizing both the Minorities at Risk data on ethnic conflicts and the State Failure data on civil wars, mass killings, and revolutions. The primary achievement of Religion, Civilization, and Civil War is to establish correlations between a number of religious variables and types of intrastate conflict. Indeed, to this end the book contains 188 tables and figures as well as a detailed data appendix. Fox expands the Minorities at Risk and State Failure datasets, both of which are frequently used in conflict studies, by collecting information on several religious indicators that are hypothesized to cause conflict: religious identity, religious grievances, demands for religious rights, official religion, and religious institutions. The book falls short of providing convincing causal accounts of how these religious variables affect intrastate conflicts as well as why this relationship has, as the data indicates, changed over time, but the hypotheses and findings are a fruitful point of …
Modeling and Analysis of Crack Growth in SnPb and SnAgCu Solder Joints in PBGA Packages: Part II — Crack Propagation

Solder joints in electronic packages deform by creep and undergo a microstructural evolution process that includes grain coarsening, voiding, microcracking, and macrocracking. This paper describes an FEM model of the crack initiation process of SnPb and SnAgCu solder joints in 357 plastic ball grid array packages for different aging conditions and simulated under 0–100°C accelerated thermal cycling tests. The simulations show that 1) cracks initiate at the package interface first, and then at the opposite side of the board interface; 2) secondary cracks initiate at the opposite end of the primary crack at the joint interfaces; 3) no secondary cracks occur at the package interface of ages SnPb joints, since compressive stresses oppose void formation; and 4) it takes longer to initiate cracks in SnAgCu joints than SnPb joints. The damage process in the solder joints was simulated from grain coarsening, voiding, to microcracking, with SnAgCu joints not undergoing grain coarsening due to their stable microstructure. The model results were consistent with experimental results in the number and location of cracks in the joints.© 2003 ASME
A hyperbolic microscopic model and its numerical scheme for thermal analysis in an N-carrier system

Abstract We extend the concept of the well-known hyperbolic two-step model for micro heat transfer to the case of energy exchanges in a generalized N-carrier system. The model satisfies an energy estimate and hence is well-posed. Based on this result, a finite difference scheme is developed for solving the hyperbolic microscopic model. The scheme is shown to satisfy a discrete analogue of the energy estimate, implying that it is unconditionally stable. Finally, the scheme is tested by an example. The difference between the hyperbolic model and the corresponding parabolic model for a multi-carrier system is also compared.
Quantitative assay for plutonium and uranium in tissue using fission track detection

Abstract Chemical separation of uranium and plutonium from tissue specimens is performed by anion exchange chromatography for the purpose of using fission track detection to quantify the fissile nuclides 235 U and 239 Pu present in the tissue. An automated fission track counting procedure has been developed, utilizing the Quantimet 720 Image Analyzer to quantify 239 Pu uniformly deposited on polycarbonate SSNTDs. The goal of this project is to have the capability to quantify levels of 239 Pu and 235 U in subgram specimens of human tissue. Furthermore, fission track autoradiography has been employed to determine the microscopic distribution of plutonium and uranium in tissue.
Effect of the Red Imported Fire Ant on Cotton Aphid Population Density and Predation of Bollworm and Beet Armyworm Eggs

The effects of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, populations and its predation of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), (both Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs were evaluated in cotton under field conditions during 2001 and 2002 in central and northern Texas. In central Texas, cotton aphid populations were approximately 5.5 times greater and predation of sentinel bollworm eggs 2 times greater in the presence of S. invicta versus in its absence, although aphid populations did not reach economic levels. Most predation of beet armyworm egg masses, measured via direct nocturnal observations, was due to S. invicta (68%) and cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (21%), where S. invicta was present, and by the mite Abrolophus sp. (52%), spiders (13%), and minute pirate bug (Orius sp.) (13%) where S. invicta was absent. Predation of sentinel bollworm eggs and beet armyworm egg masses was approximately 1.5 and 4.1 times greater, respectively, in the presence of S. invicta versus in their absence. In the presence of S. invicta, the relative frequencies of minute pirate bug and cotton fleahopper were higher, and of S. invicta and native ants lower in beat bucket samples compared with their relative frequencies in nocturnal observations of predation upon beet armyworm egg masses. In the absence of S. invicta seven of eight predators sampled were similarly represented in beat bucket samples and nocturnal observations of beet armyworm egg mass predation, whereas minute pirate bug occurred at a higher frequency in beat bucket samples relative to nocturnal observations. These observations suggested that the relative frequencies of minute pirate bug, cotton fleahopper, S. invicta and native ants in beat bucket samples do not closely reflect the frequency with which these predators prey on noctuid eggs. Overall, the results of this study show that although S. invicta may promote aphid populations early in the growing season, it is an important predator of bollworm and beet armyworm eggs later in the season.
Intramuscular Lipids and Triglyceride Structures in Range and Feedlot Steers

Longissimus muscle of feedlot steers contained less moisture and more triglycerides (TG) but similar amounts of cholesterol and lipid phosphorus when compared to muscle of range steers. A 100-g portion of the muscle from feedlot steers provided more of all fatty acids analyzed except iso- and anteiso-tridecanoic and pentadecanoic acids (br 13:0, br 15:0) and octadecatrienoic acid (18:3). Structures of the intramuscular TG were not influenced by dietary treatment. Medium chain saturated acids (10:0 to 15:0) were distributed throughout all 3 positions, 16:0 predominated in the sn-1 position, 18:0 and 20:0 in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Br 13:0 and br 15:0 predominated in the sn-2 position and were essentially absent from the sn-3 position. Monounsaturated acids, with the exception of trans octadecenoic acid (trans 18:1), were found mainly in the sn-2 and sn-3 positions. Trans 18:1 predominated in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions thereby resembling a long chain saturated acid, Octadecadienoic acid (18:2) and 18:3 were about equally divided between positions sn-2 and sn-3. Tram 18:1 comprised 1.9 and 1.3% of total intramuscular fatty acids from range and feedlot steers, respectively. The structures of intramuscular TG, with respect to 18:2 and saturated acids, did not resemble those of native peanut oil which has been reported to be more atherogenic than randomized peanut oil.
Positron Emission Tomography Detection of Distant Metastatic or Synchronous Disease in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Receiving Preoperative Chemoradiation

Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer may present with synchronous distant metastases. Choice of optimal treatment—neoadjuvant chemoradiation versus systemic chemotherapy alone—depends on accurate assessment of distant disease. We prospectively evaluated the ability of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to detect distant disease in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were otherwise eligible for combined modality therapy (CMT). Ninety-three patients with locally advanced rectal cancer underwent whole-body [18F]FDG PET scanning 2–3 weeks before starting CMT. Sites other than the rectum, mesorectum, or the area along the inferior mesenteric artery were considered distant and were divided into nine groups: neck, lung, mediastinal lymph node (LN), abdomen, liver, colon, pelvis, peripheral LN, and soft tissue. Two nuclear medicine physicians blinded to clinical information used PET images and a five-point scale (0–4) to determine certainty of disease. A score greater than 3 was considered malignant. Confirmation was based on tissue diagnosis, surgical exploration, and subsequent imaging. At a median follow-up of 34 months, the overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of PET in detecting distant disease were 93.7%, 77.8%, and 98.7% respectively. Greatest accuracy was demonstrated in detection of liver (accuracy = 99.9%, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 98.8%) and lung (accuracy = 99.9%, sensitivity = 80%, specificity = 100%) disease; PET detected 11/12 confirmed malignant sites in liver and lung. A total of 10 patients were confirmed to have M1 stage disease. All 10 were correctly staged by pre-CMT PET; abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans accurately detected nine of them. Baseline PET in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer reliably detects metastatic disease in liver and lung. PET may play a significant role in defining extent of distant disease in selected cases, thus impacting the choice of neoadjuvant therapy.
Irreducibility criterion for germs of analytic functions of two complex variables

Let S(X, Y) be the germ of an analytic function of two complex variables near the origin. To decide whether f is irreducible or not, we can apply a succession of blowing-ups to desingularize f and see if the proper transform off ever bifurcates, and then use the fact that f is irreducible iff such a bifurcation never takes place. Alternatively, we can use Newton’s theorem (also called Puiseux’s theorem) to completely factor S into linear factors in Y by allowing fractional power series in X and then collate these factors into conjugacy classes, and now use the fact that fis irreducible iff there is only one conjugacy class. In a recent conversation, T. C. Kuo of the University of Sydney in Australia asked me the following question:
Massive distributed and parallel log analysis for organizational security

Security log analysis is extremely useful for uncovering intrusions and anomalies. However, the sheer volume of log data demands new frameworks and techniques of computing and security. We present a lightweight distributed and parallel security log analysis framework that allows organizations to analyze a massive number of system, network, and transaction logs efficiently and scalably. Different from the general distributed frameworks, e.g., MapReduce, our framework is specifically designed for security log analysis. It features a minimum set of necessary properties, such as dynamic task scheduling for streaming logs. For prototyping, we implement our framework in Amazon cloud environments (EC2 and S3) with a basic analysis application. Our evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our design and shows the potential of our cloud-based distributed framework in large-scale log analysis scenarios.
Relationships between static load acceptability, ratings of perceived exertion, and biomechanical demands

Abstract Several guidelines for manual material handling have been derived using psychophysical methods. Despite ease of use and interpretation, such guidelines have received limited verification and can be criticized for their dependence on subjective measures. In this study, 10 participants reported both maximum acceptable loads and subjective ratings. This was done statically, and in postures that isolated the elbow, shoulder, or lower torso joint demands. Two major conclusions were reached from examination of the relationships among maximum acceptable loads, ratings of perceived exertion, and relative joint demands (external/strength moment). First, relative joint demands appeared to be used in determining acceptable limits, but this use differed both within and between individuals. Second, linear relationships were found between relative joint demands and perceived exertion, though again inconsistencies were found among individuals. Relevance to industry Toward the end of providing a stronger theoretical/objective basis for psychophysical methods, the present results, along with existing evidence, provide only mixed support. Guidelines for material handling based on psychophysical methods, while of clear value, should be interpreted with some caution until future evidence indicates the source upon which acceptable limits are obtained by experimental participants.
Effect of physical attractiveness on opposite- and same-sex evaluations

After reading an essay attributed to a college freshman, male and female college students evaluated both the essay's quality and the writer's ability. By means of a photograph, the subjects knew writer's sex and physical attractiveness (high, medium, or low). The essays also varied in “objective” quality (high, medium, or low). Significant main effects for essay quality were found in all dependent measures and a sigrdficant main effect for physical attractiveness was found for Composite Essay Quality. Analysis of significant three-way interac-tions between physical attractiveness, sex-of-subject, and sex-of-writer for the Composite Essay Quality and Writer's Overall Ability revealed that individuals of high and medium physical attractiveness were evaluated differently by members of the opposite sex or same sex. That is, highly attractive individuals received the highest evaluations from members of the opposite sex, while individuals of medium physical attractiveness received the highest evaluations from members of the same sex. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of physical attractiveness to relationships between members of the same and opposite sex.
Measurements of Leakage and Power Loss in a Hybrid Brush Seal

Simplicity, low cost and easy replacement make labyrinth seals the primary seal type in gas turbines. However, excessive leakage and potential for rotordynamic instability are well known issues. Brush seals effectively control leakage in air breathing engines, albeit only applied for relatively low-pressure differentials. Hybrid brush seals (HBS) are an alternative to resolve poor reliability resulting from bristle tip wear while also allowing for reverse rotation operation. The novel configuration incorporates pads contacting the shaft; which under rotor spinning; lift-off due to the generation of a hydrodynamic pressure. The ensuing gas film prevents intermittent contact; thus lowering the operating temperature and thermal distortions, and even eliminating bristle wear. The hybrid brush seal improves sealing, is more durable and reliable than conventional brush seals, and allows reverse shaft rotation without seal damage. The paper presents measurements of power loss and leakage in a hybrid brush seal (HBS) for increasing pressure differentials over a range of rotor speeds. The test HBS, Haynes-25 bristle pack [∼850 bristles/cm] and 45° lay angle, is 166.4 mm in diameter and integrates 20-arcuate pads connected with thin EDM-webs to the seal casing. The webs are designed with low radial stiffness to allow for rotor excursions and high axial stiffness to avoid pad pitching motions resulting from high pressure differentials across the seal. Measured drag power at low rotor speeds (< 11 m/s at 1,300 rpm) decreases as the pressure differential across the seal increases. At a fixed rotor speed, a significant drop in drag torque (and drag power) ensues as the supply pressure increases, thus demonstrating that a gas film separates the rotor from the seal pads. Additionally, the operating temperature measured at the rotor/seal interface remains approximately constant (∼24°C) during tests with shaft rotation (power loss and drag torque measurements) under pressurized conditions; indicating that the rotor and seal pads are not in contact. Flow rate measurements at room temperature (25°C) show an improved sealing ability with a leakage reduction of about 36%, when compared to a first generation shoed-brush seal (SBS). The HBS calculated effective clearance (∼50 μm) is approximately 70% smaller than the radial clearance (∼180 μm) of an ideal non contacting seal with similar rotor diameter. Improved brush seal technology will increase the efficiency of gas turbines while also aiding to improve the engine stability and to reduce vibrations.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Distanced observers: Prespectives on the new German cinema

John Sandford. The New German Cinema. New York: Da Capo Press, 1980. 180 pp. James Franklin. New German Cinema: From Oberhausen to Hamburg. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1983. Klaus Phillips, ed. New German Filmmakers: From Oberhausen Through the 1970s. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1984. xxv + 462 pp. Hans Gunther Pflaum and Hans Helmut Prinzler. Cinema in the Federal Republic of Germany. The New German Film. Origins and Present Situation. A Handbook. Bonn: Inter Nationes, 1983. Timothy Corrigan. New German Film: The Displaced Image. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1983. Eric Rentschler. West German Film in the Course of Time: Reflections on the Twenty Years since Oberhausen. Bedford Hills, New York: Redgrave Publishing Co., 1984. v + 260 pp. Sigrid Bauschinger, Susan L. Cocalis, and Henry A. Lea, eds. Film und Literatur. Literarische Texte und der Neue Deutsche Film. Bern u. Munchen: Francke Verlag, 1984.
Orthogonal waves on electron beams

The propagation of slow electrokinetic waves on finite electron beams which fill a conducting tunnel is discussed for modes of axial symmetry. In addition to the familiar space-charge modes, a pair of modes exists which are related to the vortex frequency ( \omega_{\upsilon} = \omega_{c} - 2\theta_{0} ). The finite magnetic field introduces a coupling between these modes. A set of four orthogonal modes can be derived by the use of matrix transformations, thus eliminating the necessity of solving a complicated characteristic equation. For infinitely high magnetic fields, the two additional modes disappear and the four modes reduce to the fast and slow space-charge waves.
Compatibility of Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass with Tall Fescue in Transition Zone Turfgrass Mixtures

Use of turf-type tall fescue (TF), Festuca arundinacea Schreb., in mixture with Kentucky bluegrass (KB), Poa pratensis L., and, or perennial cyegrass (PR), Lolium perenne L., for sports turf may be advantageous because of genetic diversity and improved tolerance to pests and environmental stresses compared to TF in monoculture. The compatibility of TF in mixture with KB and PR, and TF in mono-culture was evaluated over a 5-yr period. Cultural treatments studied were 16 and 22-mm mowing heights and 75 and 150 kg N ha −1 yr −1 fall-applied and 175 kg N ha −1 yr −1 spring-fall applied N. Botanical composition and turfgrass cover were measured annually in June, 1985 to 1989, with an optical point quadrat. Visual quality ratings were taken monthly during the growing season [...]
Linear Relationship between Temperature and Uptake of Oxygen in Euglena gracilis

CHANGES in incubation temperature result in changes in the growth rate, the dry weight and the length of the lag phase of the growth cycle of streptomycin-bleached Euglena gracilis1. It appears that, within limits, low temperatures favour protoplasmic growth whereas high temperatures favour cell division. It was considered of interest to extend these observations to an investigation of the effects of various incubation temperatures on the rate of respiration of Euglena.
Remission in schizophrenia: the relationship to baseline symptoms and changes in symptom domains during a one-year study

AbstractThe concepts of partial recovery and remission have become increasingly important for the evaluation of the effectiveness of schizophrenia therapeutics. The relationship of baseline symptoms and changes in symptoms to remission of psychosis was evaluated. Fifty-six outpatients with residual schizophrenia completed a double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol and were then enrolled into a one-year open-label trial of olanzapine. Out of these 56 subjects, 13 (23%) met remission criteria at the beginning of the open-label treatment and were excluded. During the one-year study, 7/43 (16%) subjects met remission criteria. These subjects had significantly lower baseline ratings for tardive dyskinesia (TD) than subjects who did not achieve remission (1.8 ± 1.5 vs. 4.2 ± 4.6, P = 0.03). As expected, remitted subjects had significantly greater improvements in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total scores, positive subscale scores and scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms total scores. Remitt...
Combined orthotopic heart and liver transplantation: The need for exception status listing1†

Through May 2004, 33 combined orthotopic heart-liver transplants (OHT/OLT) have been performed nationwide. No published data exist to date regarding outcomes of patients awaiting such transplants, although progression of two organ disease processes may contribute to premature death for waiting patients. Retrospective data were collected on patients listed for combined OHT/OLT from both an individual tertiary care transplant center and the national UNOS registry to delineate listing criteria and evaluate patient outcomes in both the pre- and post-MELD eras. All patients who survived to transplantation or died on the waiting list were included in the analysis. Results show that 29.6% of patients registered nationally and 42% of patients listed institutionally survived to transplantation. Survival to transplantation was associated with less severe liver disease, though patients with MELD scores ranging from 19 to 26 had significantly higher wait list mortality than expected when compared to single-organ liver transplants. Following combined orthotopic heart-liver transplantation, 80% and 70% of patients survive 1 and 3 years, respectively. In conclusion, combined OHT/OLT is a successful therapy, but current organ allocation policies may not ensure expeditious transplantation in critically ill patients with dual vital organ failure. Providing exception status listing to these patients would ensure more expeditious transplantation and potentially contribute to improved survival.
Hrydroxyl-directed iodoetherifications of allylic alcohols. Synthesis of (±)-citreoviral.

Abstract Iodine-induced cyclizations of γ,δ-olefinic benzyl ethers have afforded highly substituted tetrahydrofurans with complete stereocontrol as directed by the configuration of an allylic alcohol. Evidence for stereochemical assignments and conversion to citreoviral a known microbial metabolite have been presented.
Predictions of Backbone Conformational Changes in Abnormal Haemoglobins

THE structural effects of amino-acid residue replacement in some thirty-five mutant haemoglobins have been discussed by Perutz and Lehmann1, who consider the perturbations which side-chains of different size, shape and charge introduce into the normal local stereochemistry.
Fundamental materials studies of undoped, In-doped, and As-doped Hg1-xCdxTe

Variable magnetic-field Hall and transient photoconductance-lifetime measurements were performed on a series of undoped, In-doped, and As-doped HgCdTe samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Use of quantitative mobility-spectrum analysis (QMSA) combined with multiple carrier-fitting (MCF) techniques indicates that the majority of samples contain an interfacial n-type layer that significantly influences the interpretation of the electrical measurements. This n-type layer completely masks the high-quality electrical properties of undoped or low n-type In-doped HgCdTe, as well as complicating the interpretation of activation in As-doped p-type HgCdTe. Introduction of an intentional n-type background, typically created through doping with In to “recover” high mobility, is actually shown to increase the “bulk” layer conductivity to a level comparable to the interface layer conductivity. Photoconductance-lifetime measurements suggest that In-doping may introduce Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination centers. Variable-field Hall analysis is shown to be essential for characterizing p-type material. Photoconductance-lifetime measurements suggest that trapping states may be introduced during the incorporation and activation of As. Two distinctly different types of temperature dependencies were observed for the lifetimes of As-doped samples.
Comparison of Polygyne and Monogyne Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Population Densities

Polygyne or multiple-queen colonies of red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, are reported to be a substantially greater environmental and economic problem than monogyne or single-queen fire ants because of much higher population densities associated with polygyny. This study compared population densities of polygyne and monogyne fire ant colonies using measures of mound density, worker number, ant biomass, metabolic consumption, and standing caloric energy of ant biomass. We began the experiment by counting and measuring mounds at 14 polygyne and 14 monogyne sites located within a 35-km radius of Gainesville, FL. Average mound densities were 3.03 times larger at polygyne sites than at monogyne sites (470 versus 155 mounds per hectare). To adjust for differences in mound size, 22 monogyne and 21 polygyne mounds of various sizes were excavated from 16 of the experimental sites. Colony size and biomass were regressed on mound volume. These regressions then were used to estimate colony size and colony biomass from the mound volumes measured at the 28 field sites. The estimated colony sizes and colony biomasses at each site were summed and used to estimate field population densities. Polygyne populations contained 1.94 times more workers per unit area (35 million versus 18 million workers per hectare) and 1.86 times more biomass (27.7 versus 14.9 kg wet weight per hectare) than monogyne populations. Energy usage and standing energy of the ants per hectare were, respectively, 2.30 and 1.90 times higher in polygyne populations. Overall, this study indicates that polygyne population densities are ≈2 times larger on average than monogyne population densities.
Roughening phase transition in surface growth.

We present first systematic numerical simulation results which show a strong indication of phase transitions, in {ital both} 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions, between weak-coupling and strong-coupling regimes in a surface-growth model. A modified ballistic deposition model is used to demonstrate the transitions and the roughness scaling exponent is measured. While the transition in 3+1 dimensions confirms the prediction of the renormalization-group analysis, the one in 2+1 dimensions had not been previously anticipated and exhibits a complex critical behavior.
Growth of Ga x In 1- x As y P 1- y using ethyldimethylindium and t-butylphophine

The growth of GaInAsP lattice matched to GaAs using tertiary-butylphosphine and ethyldimethylindium to replace the more conventional phosphine and trimethylindium is described. The quaternary compound lattice matched to GaAs has received far less attention than related compositions that lattice match InP. Using the new sources, most of the growth problems experienced by previous workers have been avoided. Uniform compositions have been grown reproducibly without evidence of gas-phase, adduct-forming reactions. Bothn- andp-type films have been grown. Heteroepitaxy of high quality GalnAsP layers on Ge has also been achieved, and microstructural results are presented.
Numerical calculation of the DC conductance by the Kubo-Greenwood formula, in one dimensional disordered systems

Abstract The DC omhic conductance G of the Anderson model in one dimension is numerically calculated by two methods both starting from the Kubo-Greenwood formula. Results verify that only the geometric mean G is an appropriate average and that 〈G〉 and〈1/〉 are not statistically meaningful quantities. It is shown that the Green's functions representation of the Kubo-Greenwood formula for G, is similar to the arithmetic average 〈G〉, and it does not contain information about localization.
Quantum effects in the Gowdy T3 cosmology

Abstract The Gowdy T3 Cosmology is an exact solution to the vacuum Einstein equations interpreted to be a single polarization of gravitational waves propagating in an anisotropic, spatially inhomogeneous background. The classical behavior is reviewed and related to standard cosmological parameters. Canonical quantization of the dynamical degrees of freedom is reviewed. An adiabatic vacuum state is constructed. Adiabatic regularization is used to obtain non-divergent stress-energy tensor vacuum expectation values. Casimir energy terms due to T3 imposed discrete modes are evaluated. The vacuum expectation values are analyzed in early and late time limits and evaluated numerically. The regularized expectation value is used as a source for the classical background spacetime in the spirit of semi-classical gravity. An entirely vacuum expectation value source term produces essentially the time reverse of the classical evolution. Classical stress-energy added to the source restores the classical behavior at late times only. The combined system collapses from infinite to small but non-zero volume and reexpands. The classical singularity is replaced by a symmetric bounce.
Erosive Damage Depth in Ceramics: A Study on Metastable, Tetragonal Zirconia

A novel method is described for measuring the depth of erosion damage on ceramics that exhibit a stress-induced martensitic transformation. The technique is applied to metastable, tetragonal zirconia, eroded with silicon carbide particles. The damage depth data are compared with fracture depth predictions from single-particle studies, on the premise that the surface transformation zone can be attributed to the presence of impact fractures. The reasonable correlation obtained adds credence to the suggestion that single-particle tests are pertinent to erosion prediction in the plastic response regime
6-31G* basis set for third-row atoms

Medium basis sets based upon contractions of Gaussian primitives are developed for the third-row elements Ga through Kr. The basis functions generalize the 6-31G and 6-31G* sets commonly used for atoms up to Ar. A reexamination of the 6-31G* basis set for K and Ca developed earlier leads to the inclusion of 3d orbitals into the valence space for these atoms. Now the 6-31G basis for the whole third-row K through Kr has six primitive Gaussians for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p orbitals, and a split-valence pair of three and one primitives for valence orbitals, which are 4s, 4p, and 3d. The nature of the polarization functions for third-row atoms is reexamined as well. The polarization functions for K, Ca, and Ga through Kr are single set of Cartesian d-type primitives. The polarization functions for transition metals are defined to be a single 7f set of uncontracted primitives. Comparison with experimental data shows good agreement with bond lengths and angles for representative vapor-phase metal complexes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 976–984, 2001