cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IIR Filter Design by Transformation

The first techniques for discrete-time filter design we shall study involve transformation of the designs for continuous-time filters. The classical filter approximations are of particular interest because they are equally applicable, in most cases, to continuous- or discrete-time design and because they are so widely known and satisfy various optimality criteria. Of necessity, discrete-time filters derived by transformation from continuous-time designs are IIR filters because the number of finite poles must equal or exceed the number of finite zeros in the continuous-time case in order to prevent infinite gain at infinite frequency.
A transform for detection of multiscale image structure

A new transform is introduced to facilitate integrated edge and region detection in an image at all geometric and photometric scales at which structure is present. The proposed transform allows the structure to emerge from interactions among the pixels. A pixel's interaction with all other pixels is considered instead of testing specific neighborhoods for a specific structure. Computations are performed on pairs of pixels followed by vector integration of the results, rather than scalar, weighted averaging over pixel neighborhoods. For pixels on either side of a region boundary, the transformation yields high affinities, but there is little affinity between pixels across regions. >
Generating a multiplicity of policies for agent steering in crowd simulation

Pedestrian steering algorithms range from completely procedural to entirely data-driven, but the former grossly generalize across possible human behaviors and suffer computationally, whereas the latter are limited by the burden of ever-increasing data samples. Our approach seeks the balanced middle ground by deriving a collection of machine-learned policies based on the behavior of a procedural steering algorithm through the decomposition of the space of possible steering scenarios into steering contexts. The resulting algorithm scales well in the number of contexts, the use of new data sets to create new policies, and in the number of controlled agents as the policies become a simple evaluation of the rules asserted by the machine-learning process. We also explore the use of synthetic data from an "oracle algorithm" that serves as an as-needed source of samples, which can be stochastically polled for effective coverage. We observe that our approach produces pedestrian steering similar to that of the oracle steering algorithm, but with a significant performance boost. Runtime was reduced from hours under the oracle algorithm with 10 agents to on the order of 10 frames per second FPS with 3000 agents. We also analyze the nature of collisions in such a framework with no explicit collision avoidance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Neuronal Isoform of CPEB Regulates Local Protein Synthesis and Stabilizes Synapse-Specific Long-Term Facilitation in Aplysia

Synapse-specific facilitation requires rapamycin-dependent local protein synthesis at the activated synapse. In Aplysia, rapamycin-dependent local protein synthesis serves two functions: (1) it provides a component of the mark at the activated synapse and thereby confers synapse specificity and (2) it stabilizes the synaptic growth associated with long-term facilitation. Here we report that a neuron-specific isoform of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) regulates this synaptic protein synthesis in an activity-dependent manner. Aplysia CPEB protein is upregulated locally at activated synapses, and it is needed not for the initiation but for the stable maintenance of long-term facilitation. We suggest that Aplysia CPEB is one of the stabilizing components of the synaptic mark.
Large-scale urban disaster drill involving an explosion: lessons learned by an academic medical center

Disaster drills are an effective way to test a hospital's preparedness for real-life disasters, but an extensive amount of coordination and time is necessary to host a successful drill with a large number of victims. The lessons learned in this drill include a number of planning, education, orientation, and follow-up issues. It is not realistic to believe that a drill can be perfectly planned and practiced; therefore each drill provides another opportunity to improve on past experience. Language: en
Results from the National Sepsis Practice Survey: use of drotrecogin α (activated) and other therapeutic decisions.

Abstract Purpose We sought to evaluate factors associated with choices about provided care for patients with septic shock, including the use of drotrecogin α (activated) (DAA). Materials and Methods We administered a mail-based survey to a random sample of intensivists. Study vignettes presented patients with septic shock with identical severity of illness scores but different ages, body mass indices, and comorbidities. Respondents estimated outcomes and selected care beyond standardized initial care (eg, antibiotics) for each hypothetical patient. Results For most vignettes (99.1%), respondents added care, most commonly low tidal volume ventilation (87.6%) and enteral nutrition (73.3%). Choosing to administer DAA was not associated with predictions about mortality or bleeding. Vignettes with early-stage lung cancer were less likely to receive DAA. Time since medical school graduation was also associated with lower odds of selecting DAA. Most respondents (52.6%) chose identical care for all 4 completed vignettes. Conclusions There was wide variability in the therapeutic choices of respondents. The use of DAA was not associated with perceived risk of mortality or bleeding, as recommended by consensus guidelines. Physicians appear to base treatment decisions in septic shock on a consistent pattern of practice rather than estimates of patient outcome.
Context-Sensitive Correlation of Implicitly Related Data: An Episode Creation Methodology

Episode creation is the task of classifying medical events and related clinical data to high-level concepts, such as diseases. Challenges in episode creation result in part because of data, in the patient record, only implicitly being associated with their respective episodes. Furthermore, traditional approaches have been limited to using feature-poor claims records to generate episodes. The accurate correlation of data to their episodes is valuable in health outcomes research to discern resource utilization with respect to medical conditions. This paper describes a combinatorial optimization approach for constructing episodes, which supports the incorporation of heterogeneous data types. Aspects of this approach include an episode model for characterizing the generation of data elements as a result of a process, a methodology for identifying the relationships between implicit processes and the data elements generated by the processes, a measure for evaluating candidate episode configurations, and an energy-minimization methodology for addressing episode creation. An implementation of this work, called Episode Creation Version 2 (EC2), has been applied on patient records with various episode types, which present with knee pain. EC2 demonstrated data element classification precision and recall scores of 78% and 82%, respectively. Significant improvements in precision and recall were observed over a traditional healthcare services approach.
Discovery of Pulsed X-Ray Emission from the Small Magellanic Cloud Transient RX J0117.6–7330

We report on the detection of pulsed, broadband, X-ray emission from the transient source RX J0117.6-7330. The pulse period of 22 s is detected by the ROSAT/PSPC instrument in a 1992 September 30-October 2 observation and by the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory/BATSE instrument during the same epoch. Hard X-ray pulsations are detectable by BATSE for approximately 100 days surrounding the ROSAT observation (1992 August 28-December 8). The total directly measured X-ray luminosity during the ROSAT observation is 1.0 × 10^(38) (d/60 kpc)^2 ergs s^(-1). The pulse frequency increases rapidly during the outburst, with a peak spin-up rate of 1.2 × 10^(−10) Hz s^(-1) and a total frequency change of 1.8%. The pulsed percentage is 11.3% from 0.1-2.5 keV, increasing to at least 78% in the 20-70 keV band. These results establish RX J0117.6-7330 as a transient Be binary system.
A sampling study on the power function of the χ2 ‘index of dispersion’ test

A total of 454 sampling experiments were performed on the groupings of 100 samples each from separate Poisson populations in order to establish estimates of frequency of rejection of the hypotheses of homogeneity by means of the z, or index of dispersion, test. Results of these artificial realizations are presented in Figs. 1–6, and compared with the corresponding non-central ξ2-distributions.It is a pleasure to mention the technical assistance of Dennis Hamilton of the Research Computer Laboratory in programming the detailed computational phases of this investigation, which was partially supported by the State of Washington Initiative 171 Funds for Research in Biology and Medicine.
Home Modifications for People With Alzheimer's Disease: A Scoping Review.

Objective The purpose of this review was twofold: (1) to gain insight into what is known from the literature about home modifications for people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and (2) to identify gaps in the literature that could lead to opportunities for research. Method A systematic scoping review of peer-reviewed articles published from 1994 through 2014 explored home modifications and AD. Results Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. The three major findings pertain to (1) the caregiver role and caregiver training, (2) a client-centered collaborative approach to assessment and intervention, and (3) modifications for safety and function. Home modifications involved the physical and social environments as well as cognitive strategies at the task level. Conclusion Opportunities exist for the development of assessment procedures, the exploration of home modifications in the later stages of AD, and the study of home modification needs of people with dementia who live alone.
An ensemble distance measure of k-mer and Natural Vector for the phylogenetic analysis of multiple-segmented viruses

The Natural Vector combined with Hausdorff distance has been successfully applied for classifying and clustering multiple-segmented viruses. Additionally, k-mer methods also yield promising results for global genome comparison. It is not known whether combining these two approaches can lead to more accurate results. The author proposes a method of combining the Hausdorff distances of the 5-mer counting vectors and natural vectors which achieves the best classification without cutting off any sample. Using the proposed method to predict the taxonomic labels for the 2363 NCBI reference viral genomes dataset, the accuracy rates are 96.95%, 94.37%, 99.41% and 93.82% for the Baltimore, family, subfamily, and genus labels, respectively. We further applied the proposed method to 48 isolates of the influenza A H7N9 viruses which have eight complete segments of nucleotide sequences. The single-linkage clustering trees and the statistical hypothesis testing results all indicate that the proposed ensemble distance measure can cluster viruses well using all of their segments of genome sequences.
Efficacy of an Organizational Skills Intervention for College Students With ADHD Symptomatology and Academic Difficulties

Objective: We sought to elucidate the effects of an organization, time management, and planning (OTMP) skills training intervention for college students reporting elevated levels of ADHD symptomatology and academic impairment. Method: Undergraduate participants enrolled in either the intervention (n = 22) or comparison (n = 15) condition in exchange for psychology course credit. Those in the intervention condition attended three weekly group meetings designed to improve organizational skills. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated by comparing pre- and postmeasurements of academic impairment, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and OTMP skills utilization. Results: Intervention group participants improved significantly on ratings of inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and academic impairment, relative to the comparison group. Intervention group participants also improved in their use of OTMP skills, relative to their baseline ratings. Conclusion: This study suggests an organizational skills interve...
A Cybergogy Model for Engaged Learning

The continued and growing need for new learning opportunities,linked with newer information systems and communication technologies,has pushed online learning into the center of the discussion of educational practice.There is a need to establish a framework for generating meaningful and engaging learning experiences for distance students with diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds.We coin the term "Cybergogy" as a descriptive label for the strategies for creating engaged learning online.Cybergogy describes strategies for generating learning experiences that are cognitively,socially,and emotionally engaging for distance students with diverse backgrounds.At the core of cybergogy is engaged learning,in which students establish their own goals,explore appropriate resources,work with others in groups,and construct knowledge in meaningful ways.Our model of Cybergogy for Engaged Learning(see Figure 1)has three overlapping/intersecting domains:cognitive,emotive,and social.This model is a synthesis of current thinking,concepts,and theoretical frameworks on the extent and nature of the three domains in learner engagement online.The instructors can use this model to profile each learner and then design tactics to engage individuals accordingly,a process we call "customized engagement." As a consequence,learners will not only have the opportunity to accomplish their learning goals,but also will be actively involved in the learning process.
Sulfated proteoglycan accumulation during development of the embryonic chick limb bud studied by electron microscopic autoradiography.

Cartilage cells are characterized by a high concentration of extracellular sulfated proteoglycan. Electron microscopic autoradiography was used to compare the incorporation of sulfate into proteoglycan by limb-bud chondrogenic and myogenic cells. From stage 19 to stage 21 there was no significant difference between the cartilage- and muscle-forming regions in the number of silver grains over either the extracellular space or the intracellular space. From stage 22 to 25 the number of extracellular silver grains was significantly greater in the chondrogenic region than in the myogenic region, but the number of intracellular silver grains was the same. Since most of the silver grains were intracellular, no significant difference in the total number of grains was found between the two tissues. Stage-26 and -27 embryos showed a significantly greater number of silver grains over both the cells and the extracellular space in the cartilage region than in the muscle region. Thus, the first step of cartilage differentiation involves a decrease in the extracellular deposition of sulfated proteoglycan in the myogenic region rather than an increase in deposition in the chondrogenic region between stage 22 and 25. After stage 25 there is an increase in sulfated proteoglycan synthesis in the chondrogenic region relative to the myogenic region.
Surface segmentation for polycube construction based on generalized centroidal Voronoi tessellation

Abstract Centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) has been employed to construct polycubes using the normal space of the input surface. In this paper, we develop a new two-step surface segmentation scheme for polycube construction using generalized CVT (gCVT). In the first step, eigenfunctions of the secondary Laplace operator (SLO) are coupled with the harmonic boundary-enhanced CVT (HBECVT) model to classify vertices of the surface into several components based on concave creases and convex ridges of an object. Neighbouring vertex information is incorporated into the clustering energy function to avoid over-segmentation, jaggy boundaries and noise effect. For each segmented component, in the second step we apply the skeleton information to define local coordinates and include them into the HBECVT model to further segment it into several patches, which are revised using predefined geometric constraints for valid polycube construction. Our skeleton-based CVT algorithm is suitable for slim cylindrical objects and can reduce unnecessary singularities with compact polycube structures. Based on the constructed polycube, we generate quality all-hexahedral meshes and volumetric T-meshes via parametric mapping. Several examples are presented in this paper to show the robustness of our scheme.
Imaging in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Current Updates

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are heterogeneous malignant tumors that have nonspecific imaging features. A combination of clinical, demographic, and imaging characteristics can aid in the diagnosis. Imaging provides important information regarding the tumor extent, pretreatment planning, and surveillance of patients with STS. In this article, we illustrate the pertinent imaging characteristics of the commonly occurring STS and some uncommon sarcomas with unique imaging characteristics.
Participatory enthusiasms: a recent history of citizen engagement initiatives

ABSTRACTThere have been waves of enthusiasm for citizen participation before. I discuss several features that make the current one distinctive: Its scale and scope, its reliance on modes of collaboration made familiar by digital media, its dependence on coalitions of actors, within and outside the state, for its effects, and its professionalization in techniques of facilitated discussion. I focus on the latter, exploring how professionals’ understandings of the aims and limits of participation sometimes conflict with those of participants. More broadly, I argue for a better understanding of how models of participation diffuse across institutional settings and with what effects.
Woolf’s “Unborn Selves” in The Waves

Focusing on the end of The Waves, O’Hara examines Woolf’s ironic homage to death. Using Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to investigate the meaning of “phantom flower” in conjunction with the “phantom table” in To the Lighthouse, O’Hara suggests the modernist sublime is contingent on the instability of relativity, which can also be seen in the paradoxical intention—to both continue and to break from tradition—in the novel. The sacrifice and suffering entailed in this dual desire results in the ghosts of future selves haunting the darkness of an author’s solitude, finally reborn as works that fuse the present writer with the masters of the past.
Children with Specific Language Impairment and Their Families: A Future View of Nature Plus Nurture and New Technologies for Comprehensive Language Intervention Strategies.

Future perspectives on children with language impairments are framed from what is known about children with specific language impairment (SLI). A summary of the current state of services is followed by discussion of how these children can be overlooked and misunderstood and consideration of why it is so hard for some children to acquire language when it is effortless for most children. Genetic influences are highlighted, with the suggestion that nature plus nurture should be considered in present as well as future intervention approaches. A nurture perspective highlights the family context of the likelihood of SLI for some of the children. Future models of the causal pathways may provide more specific information to guide gene–treatment decisions, in ways parallel to current personalized medicine approaches. Future treatment options can build on the potential of electronic technologies and social media to provide personalized treatment methods available at a time and place convenient for the person to use as often as desired. The speech-language pathologist could oversee a wide range of treatment options and monitor evidence provided electronically to evaluate progress and plan future treatment steps. Most importantly, future methods can provide lifelong language acquisition activities that maintain the privacy and dignity of persons with language impairment, and in so doing will in turn enhance the effectiveness of speech-language pathologists.
SSUSI-lite: next generation far-ultraviolet sensor for characterizing geospace

SSUSI-Lite is an update of an existing sensor, SSUSI. The current generation of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites (Block 5D3) includes a hyperspectral, cross-tracking imaging spectrograph known as the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI). SSUSI has been part of the DMSP program since 1990. SSUSI is designed to provide space weather information such as: auroral imagery, ionospheric electron density profiles, and neutral density composition changes. The sensors that are flying today (see http://ssusi.jhuapl.edu) were designed in 1990 - 1992. There have been some significant improvements in flight hardware since then. The SSUSI-Lite instrument is more capable than SSUSI yet consumes ½ the power and is ½ the mass. The total package count (and as a consequence, integration cost and difficulty) was reduced from 7 to 2. The scan mechanism was redesigned and tested and is a factor of 10 better. SSUSI-Lite can be flown as a hosted payload or a rideshare – it only needs about 10 watts and weighs under 10 kg. We will show results from tests of an interesting intensified position sensitive anode pulse counting detector system. We use this approach because the SSUSI sensor operates in the far ultraviolet – from about 110 to 180 nm or 0.11 to 0.18 microns.
Facilitating and Managing Joint Creativity at the Manufacturer–Retailer Interface:

AbstractWithin the supply chain literature, little attention has been given to the development of creativity at the manufacturer–retailer (M–R) interface. This conceptual study closes this knowledg...
Organic Solar Cells — A Survey

The objective of this study was to examine in some detail the question of efficient organic solar cells. The scientific-technical situation concerning organic solar cells is highly confusing and unsatisfactory. Isolated and incomplete pieces of information have been found on a great number of different materials. Especially the physical aspects of solar cells have been treated only inadequately by most authors, and many open questions and unsolved problems have been left unconsidered. Only very few candidate materials — such as the phthalocyanines and perylene derivatives — fulfill essential requirements such as those concerning stability, feasibility of p-n diodes, etc. The highest uncorrected efficiencies under sunlight that have so far been measured on organic cells lie around 1%, while typical efficiency values are well below 0.1%. It is recommended that future work be focused on the most promising of those materials in order to make a realistic assessment of the real potential of organic solar cells.
Technical Performance Score Predicts Partial/Transitional Atrioventricular Septal Defect Outcomes

Background Repair of partial or transitional atrioventricular septal defects (P/TAVSDs) has excellent outcomes; however, late reinterventions remain a concern. Technical performance score (TPS) measures residua after repair and has been associated with early/mid-term outcomes after congenital cardiac operation. Our study investigates TPS as a predictor of outcomes after P/TAVSD repair. Methods This was a single-center retrospective review of P/TAVSD repair from July 2000 to November 2015. Intraoperative and discharge TPS were assigned based on echocardiographic criteria: class 1, no residua; class 2, minor residua; and class 3, major residua or reintervention for major residua. Intensive care unit (ICU) hospital length of stay and reintervention after discharge were analyzed with Cox regression. Results In our cohort, 124 partial (68%) and 59 transitional (32%) AVSDs underwent repair. Median age was 1.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.6 to 3.8 years), median weight was 9.7 kg (IQR: 6.6 to 14.1 kg), and 96 (52%) were female. Twenty patients (11%) required reintervention after discharge. On multivariable modeling, patients with TPS class 3 spent more days in the ICU (hazard ratio [HR] 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19 to 0.58, p p p = 0.047). Conclusions Major residua, that is TPS class 3, were a predictor of in-hospital outcomes and unplanned reinterventions after discharge, with left atrioventricular valve regurgitation being the strongest predictor. Use of TPS as a tool for residual lesions may identify patients predisposed to prolonged ICU hospital stay and reinterventions after discharge, providing feedback on areas in need of improvement in technique and identification of patients who warrant closer follow-up.
Identification of factor VIII gene mutations in patients with haemophilia A

This study aimed to identify common FVIII gene mutations in Iraqi patients by molecular analysis and to investigate the correlations between mutations and disease severity. This study included 25 Iraqi patients with haemophilia A, 18 of whom were male haemophilia patients and 7 of whom were carrier mothers, from seven unrelated families. After determining the purity and concentration of the extracted DNA, selected areas of the FVIII gene, including exons 18, 22, 23, and 24 and intron 22, were amplified. Sequencing of all exons and intron 22 was conducted in all patients and controls. Sequencing analysis revealed that many mutations were distributed among the exons (18, 22, 23, and 24) and intron 22; most of the identified mutations were point mutations in exons, predominantly in exon 24. Exon 18 mutations were detected in one male and one mother as a carrier. Exon 22 mutations were detected in four patients, and exon 23 mutations were detected in two males and two carrier mothers. Exon 24 mutations were detected in 12 haemophilia patients and two carrier mothers. Additionally, seven inversion mutations were detected in haemophilia patients. The results also revealed positive correlations between disease severity and mutations in intron 22 and exon 24. We therefore concluded that exon 24 mutations are the most frequent type of mutation that occurs in haemophilia patients in Iraq, followed by intron 22 mutations, and that almost all severe haemophilia cases have mutations located in these two gene segments. Keywords: Camptothecin, Carotenoid, Cellulase enzyme, Extraction, HPLC
Science with Small Observatory Instruments

Good science can be done with small instruments. Very productive research in the area of short period interacting binary systems has been conducted by the authors with PMT’s and small CCD cameras attached to 0.28 m to 0.9-m instruments. A summary of important results over the past fourteen years is presented along with current work on the interesting semidetached and contact solar type systems TY UMa, V523 Cas, CN And, VZ Psc and BE Cep. Light curve asymmetries in CN And, BE Cep and possibly others indicate the presence of gas streams. This may signal that they are undergoing evolution into contact, an important but rarely observed stage in binary star evolution. Period studies are presented for each of the systems, documenting interesting orbital histories. V523 Cas and TY UMa display large period changes giving evidence of a light time effect due to a third body. This research has been largely supported at the local level and by small research grants from the American Astronomical Society.
Subordinate perceptions of the superior and agency costs: Theory and evidence

Abstract This study investigates the effect of subordinate perceptions of the legitimacy of the superior in her role on subordinate misreporting. Using social norm theory regarding property rights, we predict that when subordinates perceive a superior as having more role legitimacy, they perceive the superior as being a more rightful claimant of project profits, which reduces misreporting. We test this prediction using a participative budgeting experiment that manipulates perceptions of the superior's role legitimacy. We find that budgetary slack is lower when subordinates perceive superiors to be legitimate in their roles than when subordinates perceive superiors to be illegitimate. Further, comparisons to a baseline treatment intended to induce neutral perceptions of role legitimacy, as in prior research, suggest that superior role legitimacy decreases slack. Supplemental experiments suggest that these results are generally robust to several design choices. The results from our three experiments suggest that role legitimacy decreases slack relative to random (neutral) perceptions; however, we do not find a statistically significant increase in slack from role illegitimacy relative to random perceptions across our three experiments. We discuss methodological implications from focusing on promoting role legitimacy and implications for practice, which has largely focused on problems from, and avoidance of, illegitimacy.
Medial Temporal Lobe White Matter Pathway Variability is Associated with Individual Differences in Episodic Memory in Cognitively Normal Older Adults

Significant evidence demonstrates that aging is associated with variability in cognitive performance, even among individuals who are cognitively normal. In this study, we examined measures from magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to investigate which measures, alone or in combination, were associated with individual differences in episodic memory performance. Using hierarchical linear regressions, we compared the ability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, CSF measures of amyloid and tau, and gray matter volumes to explain variability in memory performance in a cohort of cognitively normal older adults. Measures of DTI microstructure were significantly associated with variance in memory performance, even after accounting for the contribution of the CSF and magnetic resonance imaging gray matter volume measures. Significant associations were found between DTI measures of the hippocampal cingulum and fornix with individual differences in memory. No such relationships were found between memory performance and CSF markers or gray matter volumes. These findings suggest that DTI metrics may be useful in identifying changes associated with aging or age-related diseases.
Ruse: a simple language and interpreter for an introductory programming languages class

This paper describes an interpreter for RUSE, a small language based on Scheme, and an ANTLR/Java-based interpreter for that language. This interpreter serves as the basis for an extended programming project in an undergraduate Programming Languages course. Student objectives and exercises are presented, as well as a description of the code-base.
Effects of a Mindfulness Intervention on Hospitalized Patients With Hematologic Malignancies and Their Caregivers.

OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a mind-body intervention on the psychological distress of hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies and their caregivers. SAMPLE A SETTING 29 patients with hematologic malignancies and 5 caregivers were recruited from the bone marrow transplantation unit at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. METHODS A VARIABLES After completing the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL) to rate their levels of psychological and physiologic distress and quality of life, participants were taught a mindfulness activity. Two weeks postintervention, participants completed the RSCL again, reported how often they practiced the activity, and answered qualitative questions regarding their experience. RESULTS Participants reported increased relaxation and improved sleep and showed interest in practicing mindfulness as a part of their treatment plan. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses can help to alleviate symptoms of distress in patients with hematologic malignancies by integrating education on how to perform short and simple mindfulness activities into the care plan.
Morphable components topology optimization for additive manufacturing

This paper addresses the issue of minimizing support material in additive manufacturing (AM) during topology optimization (TO) in order to reduce material and post-processing costs. The TO method developed in this paper utilizes the moving morphable components (MMC) approach, where a structure is composed of several building blocks. This work introduces minimum build angle constraints to eliminate overhanging edges, supplementing these with penalty functions to ensure connectivity between building blocks, such that the TO output is printable. The MMC approach uses explicit geometric entities for the morphable components that are controlled by geometric parameters, such as length, thickness, and angle. These parameters are the design variables. Using this approach enables the formulation of geometric manufacturing constraints and the construction of CAD models, which are important advantages of the MMC method. Examples of a short cantilever beam and an MBB beam demonstrate the capabilities of the TO methods.
John Gibson, ed., The Philosophy of Poetry

A review of John Gibson’s (ed.) The Philosophy of Poetry (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, ix+253 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-960367-1).
Progress in research of human rotavirus vaccine

Rotavirus (RV) is one of the leading pathogenes responsible for infantile diarrhea worldwide. Studies have shown that clean water and adequate sanitation are not sufficient to block RV transmission, and RV diarrhea still lacks specific drugs for treatment. RV vaccine is the only effective means for prevention and control of the disease. This paper reviews the use status, development progress and challenges of rotavirus vaccine. Key words: Rotavirus vaccines; Rotavirus infections; Diarrhea
Dual-Energy CT of Musculoskeletal Trauma.

Abstract Recognizing the bone edema associated with acute traumatic injury of the musculoskeletal system can guide the identification of subtle nondisplaced and minimally displaced fractures. On conventional single energy CT, this bone edema is obscured by cancellous bone. Dual-energy CT (DECT) techniques allow for material decomposition and, hence, ‘calcium subtracted’ virtual noncalcium (VNCa) images, which clearly depict intramedullary bone edema. This article discusses DECT in the context of musculoskeletal trauma, highlighting aspects of image acquisition technique and other technical considerations. The evidence supporting DECT with VNCa to diagnose acute fractures in the musculoskeletal system including the spine and extremities is discussed.
Fenestrated Pedicle Screws in Spinal Oncology: Technique and Comparative Retrospective Analysis.

ABSTRACT Background: The use of spinal stabilization with decompression has been shown to improve survival, spinal stability, and ambulatory status in patients with metastatic spinal tumors. However, the poor bone quality typically seen in these patients can prevent adequate stabilization. Fenestrated pedicle screws permit augmented fixation via injection of bone cement into the vertebral body upon screw placement, potentially mitigating the difficulties in achieving adequate stabilization in these patients. Objective: To compare surgical outcomes of posterior spinal fusion in patients with cancerous spinal lesions between polymethyl methacrylate cement–augmented fenestrated screws and standard pedicle screws. Methods: A total of 19 consecutive patients with cancerous spinal lesions receiving posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with pedicle screws from a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed for demographic information, comorbidities, surgical parameters, and outcomes. Results: Ten patients underwent PSF with cement augmentation, whereas 9 underwent standard PSF. There was no significant difference in demographics, comorbidities, or surgical characteristics. Operative time was significantly greater in the cement-augmented group (302 ± 100 minutes vs 203 ± 55 minutes; P = .015). There was no significant difference in rates of operation or readmission between the cohorts nor was there any significant difference in discharge disposition. There was 1 case of surgical site infection (in a patient with a fenestrated screw) and no cases of cement extravasation. No instances of mechanical hardware failure were recorded. Conclusions: Fenestrated screws confer similar risk profiles as nonfenestrated screws for posterior spinal fusion in patients with spinal cancer. However, fenestrated screws may affect operative time, radiation exposure, and impose risk of cement extravasation. Cement-augmented fenestrated pedicle screws may be a viable option for patients with poor bone quality associated with metastatic disease without significantly increased rates of surgical complications. Level of Evidence: 3.
Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices

Preface Editors Contributors Organic Light-Emitting Devices and Their Applications for Flat-Panel Displays Qing Wang, Gang Yu, and Jian Wang Light-Emitting Polymers Shidi Xun, Dmitrii F. Perepichka, Igor F. Perepichka, Hong Meng, and Fred Wudl Small-Molecule Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Shijian Su, Norman Herron, and Hong Meng Phosphorescent Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes Xu Han, Dmitrii F. Perepichka, Hong Meng, and Mang-Mang Ling Polarized Light Emission from Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Daniel Steiger and Christoph Weder Transparent Electrode for OLEDs Furong Zhu Vapor-Deposited Organic Light-Emitting Devices Michael S. Weaver Material Challenges for Flexible OLED Displays Peter F. Carcia Oxide Thin-Film Transistors for Active Matrix OLEDs Linfeng Lan, Weijing Wu, and Lei Wang Microstructural Characterization and Performance Measurements Zhigang Rick Li and Jeff Meth Index
Uniform Large Deviations for a Class of Burgers-Type Stochastic Partial Differential Equations in any Space Dimension

We prove a uniform large deviations principle for the law of the solutions to a class of Burgers-type stochastic partial differential equations in any space dimension. The equation has nonlinearities of polynomial growth of any order, the driving noise is a finite dimensional Wiener process, and the proof is based on variational principle methods. We prove the uniform large deviations principle for the law of the solutions in two different topologies. First, in the C([0, T] : Lρ(D)) topology where the uniformity is over Lρ(D)-bounded sets of initial conditions, and secondly in the $C([0,T]\times \bar D)$ topology with uniformity being over bounded subsets in the $C_{0}(\bar D)$ norm.
What is Organization? The Evolving Answer

Consider how much the organizations where you live, work, and play affect your life! In this short article, Dave Ulrich reviews the evolution of organizational logic, helping each of us to better appreciate our organizations and help them to deliver value.
Utility of Short Initial MRI Brain in Brain Metastases Patients Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The optimal timing of interval MRI surveillance following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to detect most new lesions while asymptomatic and treatable by additional radiosurgery is unknown. As frequent MRI follow-up is an important patient burden and contributor to cost of care for brain metastases, we aimed to characterize the utility of early initial post-treatment MRI brain surveillance and to identify patient characteristics that might be used to risk-stratify patients who may benefit from early surveillance scans. MATERIALS/METHODS An IRB-approved retrospective single-institution cohort of patients with brain metastases treated with frameless SRS was analyzed. Baseline demographics, treatment characteristics, and timing of follow-up MRI findings were reviewed in the electronic medical record. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's Chi-square test were used to compare proportions. Mann-Whitney-U test was used to compare continuous variables. RESULTS One hundred consecutive patients treated from January 2018 - March 2020 were included, with plan for 6-week follow-up MRI post-treatment. Thirteen lacked follow-up MRI brain, leaving 87 for analysis. Median time to MRI was 6.7 weeks, with 78% of scans obtained less than 8 weeks post-SRS. Twenty-four (28%) patients had findings concerning for new or progressive disease on follow-up MRI. Nine were symptomatic. Of the 24, ten (42%) received SRS, 1 (8%) received whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), 1 (4%) received surgery, 1 (4%) started systemic therapy, 7 received a short interval MRI scan, and 3 (12%) went to hospice. Of the 10 who received SRS, 3 were symptomatic, 6 had lesions ≥ 5 mm, and all 10 had lesions ≥ 5 mm. Of the 7 recommended for short interval MRI, 1 received SRS, 1 received WBRT, and 5 had no further evidence of disease progression, resuming routine surveillance. Comparing patients with suspicious findings to those with stable disease on follow-up MRI, there was a statistically significant difference (Table) in the distribution of histology (P = 0.02) and performance status (P = 0.047), but no difference in number of lesions, extra-cranial disease control, prior receipt of SRS, or use of targeted therapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSION A small but significant number of brain metastases patients treated with SRS may have additional therapy based on initial short interval surveillance MRI scans. Further investigation in larger cohorts may help identify patient characteristics that predispose to benefit from short interval MRI scans, and determine the value of earlier detection of new lesions compared with a longer interval to first scan.
The influence of religious and spiritual traditions on social work practice across the globe; does it influence social work education?

In this fourth and final issue of 2021, the reader will find six original manuscripts that address the impact of religious and spiritual traditions on social work practice from Alabama, USA, Israel...
Immune Complexes in Man: Detection and Clinical Significance

Publisher Summary This chapter is primarily concerned with diseases and tests related to circulating immune complexes. The value of immune complex technology can be viewed on three levels, each of equal importance but perhaps in descending order with respect to the applied relevance of current technology. First, the technology that was fostered by observations in experimental animals is successfully applied to explain the pathophysiologic mechanisms in many human diseases. Second, in clinical studies of groups, the technology supports the notion that manifestations of disease are reflected in the levels or types of immune complexes found and has been of some value in clinical trials. Third, the value of an individual measurement in an individual patient is least fruitful. An immune complex is simply the noncovalent combination of antigen with its respective specific antibody. Antibody can react with antigen that is fixed or localized in tissue or with antigen that is released or present in the circulation. Once formed in the circulation, the complex may or may not fix complement and is rapidly eliminated from the circulation by the mononuclear phagocytic system (reticuloendothelial system). The factors that determine whether an immune complex remain soluble in the circulation, escape mononuclear phagocytic clearance, and cause tissue damage are a subject that is central and a major theme in the investigation and understanding of immune complex diseases. In general, complexes that remain soluble and escape clearance tend to be small-sized or small lattice-structured complexes.
Recent advances in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell technology with low platinum loading electrodes

The development of high-power-density solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells using high- and low-platinum-loading electrodes is discussed, and different approaches for further improvement are identified. Both chemical and electrochemical deposition from chloroplatinic acid provide satisfactory alternatives to sputtering for depositing a thin layer of Pt on the electrodes. The fuel cell performance is found to be greatly influenced both by the type and thickness of the proton conducting membrane. Striking results have been obtained in cells with a Dow polymer membrane, which has a higher conductivity and less of a mass transport limitation than Nufion. High-power-density solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) fuel cells have significant internal water and thermal management problems. Atomized liquid water that is drawn into the cell and subsequently evaporated may be an effective thermal management method. >
Genetic Information, Ethics, and Information Relating to Biological Parenthood

Introduction Genetic Determination of Parentage for Forensic Purposes General Background Emerging Issues in Genetic Determination of Parentage Genetic Determination of Parentage as a Consequence of Genetic Testing for Nonidentification Purposes Findings of Misattributed Paternity Alternative Approaches to Handling Findings of Misattributed Paternity Other Possible Unanticipated Findings Regarding Familial Relationships Keywords: genetics; ethics
Reducing the societal burden of depression: a review of economic costs, quality of care and effects of treatment.

Depression is a highly prevalent condition that results in substantial functional impairment. Advocates have attempted in recent years to make the ‘business case’ for investing in quality improvement efforts in depression care, particularly in primary care settings. The business case suggests that the costs of depression treatment may be offset by gains in worker productivity and/or reductions in other healthcare spending. In this paper, we review the evidence in support of this argument for improving the quality of depression treatment. We examined the impact of depression on two of the primary drivers of the societal burden of depression: healthcare utilisation and worker productivity. Depression leads to higher healthcare utilisation and spending, most of which is not the result of depression treatment costs. Depression is also a leading cause of absenteeism and reduced productivity at work. It is clear that the economic burden of depression is substantial; however, critical gaps in the literature remain and need to be addressed. For instance, we do not know the economic burden of untreated and/or inappropriately treated versus appropriately treated depression. There remain considerable problems with access to and quality of depression treatment. Progress has been made in terms of access to care, but quality of care is seldom consistent with national treatment guidelines. A wide range of effective treatments and care programmes for depression are available, yet rigorously tested clinical models to improve depression care have not been widely adopted by healthcare systems. Barriers to improving depression care exist at the patient, healthcare provider, practice, plan and purchaser levels, and may be both economic and non-economic. Studies evaluating interventions to improve the quality of depression treatment have found that the cost per QALY associated with improved depression care ranges from a low of $US2519 to a high of $US49 500. We conclude from our review of the literature that effective treatment of depression is cost effective, but that evidence of a medical or productivity cost offset for depression treatment remains equivocal, and this points to the need for further research in this area.
Aerodynamic noise in supersonic wind tunnels

Hot-wire measurements in the free stream of a supersonic wind tunnel were made in the Mach number range of 1.6 to 5.0. I t is shown that the mass-flow fluctuations increase very rapidly with increasing Mach number. If the fluctuation field is assumed to consist of sound waves—an assumption tha t is consistent with the measurements—the sound intensity is approximately proportional to M, within the range of the experiments. Furthermore, the orientation of the field is found to be different from the Mach line direction; it corresponds to a sound-source velocity of approximately one-half the free-stream velocity for the higher Mach numbers. I t is shown that the turbulent boundary layer along the nozzle and the tunnel walls is responsible for this sound field.