cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Card Sorting in an Online Environment: Key to Involving Online-Only Student Population in Usability Testing of an Academic Library Web Site?

ABSTRACTBased on in-person, task-based usability testing and interviews, the authors' library Web site was recently overhauled in order to improve user experience. This led to the authors' interest in additional usability testing methods and test environments that would most closely fit their library's goals and situation. The appeal of card sorting methods became evident: learning more than users' points of confusion interacting with the site, but learning users' preferences for grouping pages or concepts and naming various library links. The appeal of the online venue for card sorting was first that testing could incorporate input from a larger base of users than in-person testing alone, and, additionally, that testing could include the university's online-only student population.
Analysis of General Attitudes toward Physical Education

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if students differed in their attitudes toward general benefits or values of physical education and if men and women differed in this respect. The responses of 136 men and 130 women to the Wear Physical Education Attitude Inventory (Form A) were analyzed to determine if differences between men and women or size of agreement response were related to items with a common meaning. Men and women were not different in their stated attitude toward physical education. Subjects endorsed the social, physical, and emotional values of physical education, but they conflicted in their opinions regarding the relative value of a physical education program in the school curriculum.
Probability bounds for false alarm analysis of fault detection systems

Model-based fault detection methods have the potential to reduce the size, weight, and cost of safety-critical aerospace systems. One obstacle to the application of these methods is a lack of appropriate tools to efficiently certify their reliability. This paper focuses on the false alarm analysis of a general fault detection scheme. The main difficulty of the false alarm analysis is the time-correlations introduced by the plant dynamics and the fault detection filter. This paper proves product-type probability inequalities for general stationary zero-mean Gaussian processes. These inequalities are applied to provide converging bounds for the false alarm probability over a given time window. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the proposed technique.
The influence of androgens on hibernation phenology of free-living male arctic ground squirrels.

Abstract Free-living ground squirrel species are sexually dimorphic in hibernation phenology. The underlying causes of these differences are not yet known. Androgens, testosterone (T) in particular, inhibit hibernation. To determine the influence of endogenous androgens on annual timing of hibernation we first measured circulating levels of T and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), an adrenal androgen implicated in non-mating season aggression in other species, in free-living male arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii, AGS). We also manipulated endogenous androgen levels by surgical castration, and consequently compared body temperature records from intact (n = 24) and castrated (n = 9) males to elucidate the influence of endogenous androgens on annual body temperature cycles. The highest T levels (0.53 ± 0.10 ng/mL) were in reproductively mature male AGS in spring; whereas, both immature males in spring and all males in late summer had T levels an order of magnitude lower (0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.06 ± 0.00 ng/mL, respectively). DHEA levels were higher in males during the late summer compared to reproductively mature males in spring (120.6 ± 18.9 and 35.9 ± 2.3 pg/mL, respectively). Eliminating gonadal androgens via castration resulted in males delaying euthermy by extending heterothermy significantly in spring (Apr 22 ± 2.9) than reproductive males (Mar 28 ± 3.9) but did not change the timing of hibernation onset (castrate: Oct 12 ± 1.0 vs. intact: Oct 3 ± 3.1). We conclude that while androgens play a significant role in spring hibernation phenology of males, their role in fall hibernation onset is unclear.
Direct orthotopic implantation of hepatic organoids.

Abstract Background Liver organoids show potential for development as a tissue replacement therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease, but efficient methods for introducing organoids into host livers have not been established. In this study, we aimed to develop a surgical technique to implant hepatic organoids into the liver and assess their engraftment. Methods Donor hepatocytes were isolated from ROSA26 C57BL/6 mice, so that engrafted cells, when implanted into wild-type mice, could be easily identified by X-gal staining. Hepatic organoids were generated by three-dimensional culture in rotating wall vessel bioreactors. We qualitatively and quantitatively compared organoid engraftment to that of single-cell hepatocyte transplants. In addition, we determined the effect of adding stellate cells to hepatocytes to form co-aggregated organoids and the effect of partial hepatectomy of the host liver on organoid engraftment. Results Direct orthotopic implantation of hepatic organoids within a hepatotomy site resulted in local engraftment of exogenous hepatocytes with limited durability. Hepatocyte-stellate cell organoids produced more extracellular matrix but did not significantly improve engraftment compared with hepatocyte-alone organoids. Partial hepatectomy of the host liver led to significantly decreased engraftment of organoids. Survival of organoids was limited by the presence of apoptotic hepatocytes within organoids as early as 1 h after implantation. Organoids eventually became necrotic and elicited a chronic inflammatory giant cell reaction similar to a foreign body response. Conclusions With additional organoid and host factor optimization, direct orthotopic implantation of hepatic organoids may be an approach to introduce large numbers of exogenous hepatocytes into recipient livers.
PJP granuloma in an Immune competent host: Case report and literature review

PJP (Pneumocystis jirovecii) is a fungal agent by taxonomy. Ones considered a protozoan, it is now recognized as fungi based on ribosomal RNA and other gene sequence homologies, the composition of their cell walls, and structure of key enzymes. This organism generally affects immunocompromised hosts with a CD4 count <200 or <15%.Review of literature does support a rare occurrence of PJP infections in immunocompetent hosts.PJP can occur at normal CD 4 levels.
Verbal Communication, Psychology of

Communication occurs when signals carry information-bearing messages between a source (or sender) and a destination (or receiver). Although all species communicate, human communication is notable for its precision and flexibility, a consequence of the species' unique ability to use language. Language endows the human communication system with the properties of semanticity, generativity, and displacement, allowing people to formulate an unlimited number of meaningful novel messages that are not tied to the immediate present. At a fundamental level, verbal messages convey meanings the speaker has encoded into an utterance, but a listener who has understood that utterance has gone beyond the literal meaning of the words and grasped the particular sense in which the speaker intended them to be understood. In order to do this, communicators must make their co-participants' perspectives part of the process of formulating and interpreting messages. Thus, any communicative exchange is implicitly a joint or collective activity in which meaning emerges from the participants' collaborative efforts.
The Journal of Transnational Management and the IMDA

It is interesting that some institutions seek out change, thrive on it and assure that looking at future needs and ways to fill them is an integral aspect of strategy. Others fear change and strugg...
Survey of faculty workload and operational characteristics for academic drug information centers.

Abstract Introduction A survey of drug information specialists from academic drug information centers in the United States was conducted to identify faculty workload, operational characteristics of the center, and contribution of those faculty and centers to pharmacy education. Methods A 32-item survey was administered to drug information specialists and pharmacy college/school deans. Faculty workload items included age, credentials, training, and responsibilities. Center operational items identified clients, number of requests, staffing structure, and funding source. Pharmacy education items included number and type of students training at the center as well as drug information's role in the curriculum. Participants were also asked to identify recent and anticipated changes as well as predict future challenges for academic drug information centers. Results The survey achieved a response rate of 81% from eligible institutions. The typical drug information specialist is between 31 and 50 years old, in a clinical track faculty position, and has an average of 13 years of drug information experience. Academic drug information centers are generally funded by the institution, open five days a week, and serve a variety of clients including the lay public. The average drug information specialist teaches one didactic course and is a preceptor for 17 advanced practice experience students, and 15 introductory practice experience students. Conclusions Drug information specialists and centers play an important role in pharmacy education. Results of this survey could assist in the creation of benchmarks for academic drug information faculty and centers in terms of workload, resource allocation, and promotion.
Aesthetic Emotion: A Reconstruction of the Literature

Stecker (1984: 409) wrote, There is no one view about the nature of emotions that is generally accepted in contemporary philosophy of mind.1 This view is contrasted with that of Marks (1986: 3): The dominant view in contemporary analysis of emotion is a cognitivist one. Kivy (1989: 153) stated, It is at least a minor scandal for philosophy that we still don’t seem to have a consensus even on whether it is sometimes correct to describe music emotively. In philosophical literature the cognitive-emotive theory is the prevailing one, and its counterpart in therapy is the Rational-Emotive Theory. There is a fortunate collaboration here because philosophers can work out the theoretical exploration while the therapists provide the actual clinical experience.
An endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand, ITE, induces regulatory T cells and ameliorates experimental colitis.

We report the novel finding that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor with the nontoxic ligand 2-(1′H-indole-3′-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) induces regulatory T c...
A framework for secure and decentralized sharing of medical imaging data via blockchain consensus

The electronic sharing of medical imaging data is an important element of modern healthcare systems, but current infrastructure for cross-site image transfer depends on trust in third-party interme...
Fixed and equilibrium endpoint problems in uneven-aged stand management

Studies in uneven-aged management have concentrated on the determination of optimal steady-state diameter distribution harvest policies for single and mixed species stands. To find optimal transition harvests for irregular stands, either fixed endpoint or equilibrium endpoint constraints can be imposed after finite transition periods. Penalty function and gradient methods are presented to solve these problems. The methods are demonstrated with a stage-structured model for projecting stands that contain mixtures of California white fir (Abies concolor [Gord. & Glend.] Lindl. (Iowiana [Gord.])) and red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.). With present value as the efficiency criterion, optimal transition strategies are computed for three kinds of target steady states: the extremal steady state associated with an infinite time horizon dynamic optimization problem, an investment-efficient steady state, and a maximum sustainable rent steady state. Harvest regimes that convert to investment-efficient or maximum sustainable rent steady states are dominated by red fir and are suboptimal compared to transition regimes that convert to the extremal steady state, which includes only white fir. The fixed endpoint regimes are compared with transition strategies that are obtained with equilibrium endpoint constraints that do not require a particular steady-state stand structure. Transition regimes that convert to the extremal steady state are suboptimal compared to regimes that solve the more general equilibrium endpoint problem, and the present values of these two kinds of regimes converge as the transition period lengthens. The species composition and structure of the steady states found by solving the equilibrium endpoint problem depend on the transition period length.
Aspergillus: Diagnosis and Description of the Genus

The Aspergilli are ubiquitous fungi in man’s environment throughout the world. Since the genus was erected by Micheli in 1729, numerous taxa have been described. Raper and Fennell’s monograph of the genus Aspergillus published in 1965 recognized 132 species and 18 varieties. Index of Fungi has listed approximately 80 species which were validly described between 1965 through 1984. Since 1965, new varieties have also been added to the genus resulting in total taxa of approximately 276 (Christensen and Tuthill, 1985). This indicates that the number of taxa described has increased by 84 percent in the 20 years after the monumental work by Raper and Fennell; however, not all of the taxa described since 1965 have been accepted by the scientific community. At present the number of recognized taxa appears to be about 200. Of this number, 17 species and one variety have been documented as etiologic agents of human disease.
Diagenetic Overprinting and Rock-Fabric Distribution: The Massive Dissolution, Collapse, and Fracturing Environment

A key question in mapping diagenetic effects is the degree of conformance between diagenetic products and depositional patterns. As discussed in Chapter 5, the products of cementation, compaction, and selective dissolution can normally be linked to depositional textures because the transport of material in and out of the system is not an important factor in producing the diagenetic product. However, if the transport of ions in and out of the system by fluid flow is required to produce the diagenetic product, then the product may not conform to depositional patterns. In this case, knowledge of the geochemical, hydrological system may be required to map the diagenetic products, including the source of the fluid and the direction of fluid flow.
Frankenstein and the Peculiar Power of the Comics

Comics have an affinity for monsters and a particular affinity for generating monsters that arouse a reader’s empathy. This chapter explores the representational strategies of prose and cinema around Frankenstein’s monster before turning to illustration and comics. Prose excels at presenting subjective experience, while cinema is more attuned to the imprint of the external world. Illustration accompanies printed text with the occasional image, but comics, with more persistent images, uniquely and easily allows the reader continual and intermingled access to both the objective monstrousness of the creature and its less monstrous consciousness. External and internal are kept before the reader’s eyes, giving these representations a complex poignance. Close readings of comics from the 1950s, 1970s and 2000s demonstrate the strategies deployed.
Science, Story, and Structure: Framing the Conversation for Psychology Faculty and Librarian Information Literacy Collaboration:

This case study illuminates the effectiveness of collaboration between a librarian and psychology faculty as they use the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education and the Guidelines ...
Revisiting the use of concept maps in a large enrollment general chemistry course: implementation and assessment

In an effort to improve student conceptual understanding and help students better connect pre-existing knowledge to new ideas, a concept map assignment was implemented in a first-year college level general chemistry course. This implementation included a quasi-experiment that was carried out in discussion group recitation sections within a third-quarter general chemistry course. Students enrolled in a single section of the course were divided into two groups in which a concept map treatment was compared to a control group that completed short journal entries. Comparison of a concept inventory post-test using an independent samples t-test indicates students in the concept map treatment appear to perform better than the students in the journal control group (t = 2.34, mean difference = 0.844, p < 0.05). However, a multi-variable regression analysis in which the concept inventory post-test scores were compared between the treatment and control groups, while traits related to incoming academic preparation were held constant, suggests there was no significant difference in performance (unstandardized b = 0.222, p = 0.540). The quality of the students’ concept maps was also evaluated and correlated to student performance on the concept inventory, and it appears students who were better at concept mapping made greater gains in conceptual understanding (Pearson's r = 0.295, p < 0.05). When the relationship between the quality of concept mapping and concept inventory post-test was determined while holding constant covariates related to incoming academic preparation, the unstandardized B coefficient was positive, but was not significant at the p = 0.05 level (unstandardized b = 0.215, p = 0.134) This study does not provide unequivocal evidence that a concept map treatment leads to greater gains in conceptual understanding compared to a control population, or that students with better concept mapping skills performed better on the concept inventory instrument. Nevertheless, a template for implementing a concept map assignment in a large enrollment course is provided, and the results presented herein might prompt chemistry instructors to consider including concept map assignments in their instructional toolbox.
Short-term Mortality Associated with Definitive Chemoradiotherapy Versus Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Abstract Background Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) may be managed with radical cystectomy (RC) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Because patient selection for RC is important to avoid treatment-related mortality, this study addressed a knowledge gap by quantifying short-term mortality with both approaches, as well as predictors thereof. Materials and Methods The National Cancer Database was queried (2004-2014) for clinically staged T2-4aN0M0 MIBC that received either CRT or RC. Statistics included cumulative incidence comparisons of 30- and 90-day mortality between patients treated with either CRT or RC and Cox regression to evaluate predictors thereof. Results Of 16,658 patients, 15,208 (91.3%) underwent RC and 1450 (8.7%) CRT. Crude rates of post-treatment mortality at 30 days were 2.7% versus 0.6% (P Conclusions This study describes 30- and 90-day mortality following RC versus CRT. Both approaches yield statistically similar treatment-related mortality rates in patients ≤ 75 years of age; however, worse post-treatment mortality was observed with use of RC in patients ≥ 76 years of age. These results may be utilized to better inform shared decision-making between patients and providers when weighing both RC and CRT for MIBC.
Periprocedural Considerations for Patients with Gastric Electrical Stimulators.

Objectives Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a technology that uses neurostimulation for the modulation of gastric activity. In clinical practice, the most commonly encountered form of GES is high frequency GES. GES devices are typically used for the treatment of refractory gastroparesis, although they have also been investigated for obesity management and the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease. Just as many patients with chronic diseases require surgery, patients with an implanted GES device may encounter the need for periprocedural care. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address the special needs of patients with an implanted GES device. Materials and methods A systematic computerized search of the literature was performed to consolidate existing knowledge on GES management in the periprocedural setting. Duplicate results were eliminated, and results were further narrowed based on title and abstract. All articles with possible relevance were then reviewed in full. Manufacturer information including pamphlets and websites were also reviewed. Results A total of 1201 articles were identified for initial review, and 33 met inclusion criteria. Conclusions Available data suggests GES is a technology with increasing prevalence. When patients with an implanted GES device present for periprocedural care, the anesthesia staff must consider the device when planning for the procedure. Topics addressed include general anesthetic considerations, nerve localization, radiation exposure, electrocautery, diathermy, emergency external defibrillation, and MRI compatibility.
The electron canonical battery effect in magnetic reconnection: Completion of the electron canonical vorticity framework

A widespread practice in studying magnetic reconnection is to examine the electron momentum equation. Here, we present an alternative, ab initio framework that examines the motion of the electron canonical vorticity, which is the curl of the electron canonical momentum. The competition between just two terms—the convective term and the electron canonical battery term—determines the dynamics of electron canonical vorticity and equivalently the electron physics down to first principles. To demonstrate the power of this approach, the growth, saturation, stability, and morphology of the electron diffusion region are explained within the electron canonical vorticity framework. The framework provides a clear distinction between reconnection models where the frozen-in property of the magnetic field is violated by electron inertia and by pressure tensor effects such as electron viscosity.A widespread practice in studying magnetic reconnection is to examine the electron momentum equation. Here, we present an alternative, ab initio framework that examines the motion of the electron canonical vorticity, which is the curl of the electron canonical momentum. The competition between just two terms—the convective term and the electron canonical battery term—determines the dynamics of electron canonical vorticity and equivalently the electron physics down to first principles. To demonstrate the power of this approach, the growth, saturation, stability, and morphology of the electron diffusion region are explained within the electron canonical vorticity framework. The framework provides a clear distinction between reconnection models where the frozen-in property of the magnetic field is violated by electron inertia and by pressure tensor effects such as electron viscosity.
Immune Responses Alter Taste Perceptions: Immunomodulatory Drugs Shape Taste Signals during Treatments.

Considering that nutrients are required in health and diseases, the detection and ingestion of food to meet the requirements is attributable to the sense of taste. Altered taste sensations lead to a decreased appetite, which is usually one of the frequent causes of malnutrition in patients with diseases. Ongoing taste research has identified a variety of drug pathways that cause changes in taste perceptions in cancer, increasing our understanding of taste disturbances attributable to aberrant mechanisms of taste sensation. The evidence discussed in this review, which addresses the implications of innate immune responses in the modulation of taste functions, focuses on the adverse effects on taste transmission from taste buds by immune modulators responsible for alterations in the perceived intensity of some taste modalities. Another factor, damage to taste progenitor cells that directly results in local effects on taste buds, must also be considered in relation to taste disturbances in patients with cancer. Recent discoveries discussed have provided new insights into the pathophysiology of taste dysfunctions associated with the specific treatments. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The paradigm that taste signals transmitted to the brain are determined only by tastant-mediated activation via taste receptors has been challenged by the immune modification of taste transmission through drugs during the processing of gustatory information in taste buds. This article reports the findings in a model system (mouse taste buds) that explain the basis for the taste dysfunctions in patients with cancer that has long been observed but never understood.
Spirit Baptism and Spiritual Formation: A Pentecostal Proposal:

The Pentecostal understandings of baptism in the Holy Spirit hold potential for a more substantively pneumatological understanding of spiritual formation, but there are conceptual barriers to overc...
Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation of Hydrated Thorium(IV) Trihydroxide Cation: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Binding Energies for Th(OH)3+(H2O)n Complexes (n = 1-4).

Threshold collision-induced dissociation of Th(OH)3+(H2O)n (n = 1-4) with xenon was performed using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. The primary dissociation pathway for all complexes is a loss of a single water molecule followed by the sequential loss of additional water molecules at higher collision energies. The data were analyzed using a statistical model after accounting for lifetime effects and reactant internal and kinetic energy distributions to obtain 0 K bond dissociation energies (BDEs). These were also converted using rigid rotor/harmonic oscillator approximations to yield thermodynamic values at room temperature. The 0 K BDEs of H2O ligands to Th(OH)3+ (IV) are experimentally determined for the first time as 106 ± 6, 89 ± 6, 76 ± 4, and 51 ± 4 kJ/mol for the first, second, third, and fourth water ligand added. These values agree reasonably well with values calculated at the B3LYP, B3PW91, and PBE0 levels of theory with aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets, whereas B3LYP-GD3BJ, MP2, and CCSD(T) single point energies with (without) counterpoise corrections systematically overestimate the bond energies by about 15 (20), 19 (25), and (18) kJ/mol, respectively.
From Spatial Relations to Spatial Configurations.

Spatial Reasoning from language is essential for natural language understanding. Supporting it requires a representation scheme that can capture spatial phenomena encountered in language as well as in images and videos.Existing spatial representations are not sufficient for describing spatial configurations used in complex tasks. This paper extends the capabilities of existing spatial representation languages and increases coverage of the semantic aspects that are needed to ground spatial meaning of natural language text in the world. Our spatial relation language is able to represent a large, comprehensive set of spatial concepts crucial for reasoning and is designed to support composition of static and dynamic spatial configurations. We integrate this language with the Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) annotation schema and present a corpus annotated by this extended AMR. To exhibit the applicability of our representation scheme, we annotate text taken from diverse datasets and show how we extend the capabilities of existing spatial representation languages with fine-grained decomposition of semantics and blend it seamlessly with AMRs of sentences and discourse representations as a whole.
Impact of donor obesity on allograft outcomes after kidney transplantation adjusted for kidney donor profile index - a national cohort study.

Obesity in deceased kidney donors is a known risk factor for poor allograft outcomes. The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) has been introduced to predict graft survival in deceased donor kidney transplantation (DDKT). Obesity, however, is not included in KDPI. We study the impact of donor obesity on DDKT outcomes after adjusting for organ quality by KDPI. The Organ Procurement Transplantation Network/United Network for Organ Sharing (OPTN/UNOS) data of DDKT from 2005 to 2017, with donor BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 and weight >80 kg were included. There was a total of 66 382 DDKTs with 10 917 death-censored graft failures. For KDPI ≤ 30%, the 10-year death-censored graft survival (DCGS) rates among donor BMI 30%, 10-year DCGS rates were 67.5%, 66.1%, 65.9%, 62.6% and 63.2%, respectively. After adjusting for known confounding factors including KDPI, donor obesity was not independently associated with an increased risk for graft failure. In DDKT with donor weight >80 kg, donor obesity was not associated with a lower long term DCGS compared to non-obesity when KDPI ≤ 30%.
Modeling of a Marine Hydrokinetic Cycloturbine Vehicle

A marine hydrokinetic (MHK) cycloturbine is a renewable electric power generation system used in rivers or tidal environments to address the need for electricity in remote regions. MHK cycloturbines have hydrofoils oriented perpendicular to the flow in a paddlewheel configuration, and use lift generated from these foils to produce power. Due to the high cost associated with its operation and maintenance, an MHK system with four stacked counter-rotating turbines that can self-deploy and with propulsion and control mechanisms similar to a cycloturbine aircraft has been designed. A detailed turbine simulation model is necessary to understand the vehicle dynamics and assist in the design of the vehicle controllers. The simulation model solves the six degree-of-freedom rigid body equations of motion for the maneuvering MHK system subject to the hydrodynamic lift and drag forces, hydrostatic forces, and the propulsive forces from the turbines. The turbine propulsive force model is matched to computational fluid dynamics analysis and experimental data. Experimental work includes investigation at 1/5.56 scale of a single turbine rapid prototype device and a subscale demonstrator in a reverberant tank.
The Impact of the Early Caregiving Environment on Self-Compassion: the Mediating Effects of Emotion Regulation and Shame

The purpose of the present study was to assess the mediating effects of emotion regulation and perception of self (i.e., shame) on the relationship between early attachment-based caregiving and self-compassion in early adulthood. Participants were 233 ethnically diverse undergraduate students (61% females, 39% males) between 18 and 28 years old (M = 22.7 years) from a midsized southwestern university in the USA. Participants completed a questionnaire comprised of scales assessing early attachment-based caregiving, emotion regulation, shame, and self-compassion. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using EQS (version 6.1) was used to analyze the data. Results showed an indirect association of early attachment-based caregiving with self-compassion through emotion regulation and perception of self (as measured by “shame”); a direct, moderate association of early attachment-based caregiving with emotion regulation and shame; a direct, moderate association of shame with self-compassion; and a direct, large association of emotion regulation with self-compassion. The results of this study suggest that the quality of the early caregiving environment is related to young adults’ emotion regulation and shame proneness, which in turn are linked to their subsequent capacity for self-compassion. These findings are consistent with other studies suggesting the important role of early attachment-based caregiving for the development of emotion regulation, positive self, empathy, and psychological well-being.
World Tax Policy in the World Tax Polity? An Event History Analysis of OECD/G20 BEPS Inclusive Framework Membership

The last decade has seen the emergence of a new global tax order characterized by increased multilateral consensus and cooperation. World polity theory appears to be an obvious theoretical fit for conceptualizing this new order, which has been spearheaded by the OECD and G20. But what are the pathways by which this new “world tax polity” has emerged? Using event history regression methods, this Article investigates this question by studying the case of the OECD/G20 BEPS Inclusive Framework, a multilateral framework that currently includes 140 member countries, including 96 non-OECD, non-G20 countries. How did these countries come to join the BEPS Inclusive Framework? World polity theory posits that the new multilateral Inclusive Framework could have been driven by normative, coercive, or mimetic processes. Of these possibilities, my Article finds that Inclusive Framework membership seems to have proliferated through a combination of normative and coercion-based pathways. Specifically, acculturation through prior involvement in certain OECD tax initiatives and inclusion in contemporaneous European Union tax haven “listing” (naming and shaming) processes was associated with a significantly higher hazard of Framework membership. By contrast, imitation of other countries did not appear to be a significant pathway. These findings highlight how international organizations and blocs have worked in concert to shape international tax policy and global consensus on tax matters. More broadly, they show how world polity proliferation as a result of international organization leadership can be amplified by parallel pressures and processes initiated by other powerful blocs.
A Novel, Low-Cost NeuroIS Prototype for Supporting Bio Signals Experimentation Based on BITalino

Principles of openness and collaboration that catalyze open-source software innovation have also been successfully transferred into the world of hardware [1]. Advances in open-source hardware allow students, researchers and hobbyists to custom build devices for a wide variety of purposes. Open-source prototyping platforms like Arduino and Raspberry Pi empower people to build cheap, modular, and easy to use alternatives to expensive commercial grade scientific equipment. The authors argue that the use of open-source hardware in building neuroIS research tools will dramatically decrease the costs and complexity associated with research in university laboratories. In this work, we discuss the use of open-source hardware in neuroIS research. We present the design of a neuroIS research tool based on BITalino, a biosignal capturing and processing platform. We also present a novel prototype that is specifically tuned toward neuroIS research using the API provided by the creators of BITalino.
Effects of aging on the dynamics of information processing and synaptic weight changes in the mammalian hippocampus.

Publisher Summary Neuronal plasticity might change with age. It is clear that the properties of long-term enhancement (LTE) make it a plausible mechanism for associative information storage at some synapses in the central nervous system. Although many of the factors that regulate LTE's induction and expression have been discovered and a strong case is being developed for its role in learning and memory processes, until the mechanisms underlying both the expression and maintenance of LTE is more clearly understand, an understanding of its change with age will be difficult. Judging by the progress that has been made over the past several years in uncovering some of the molecular events that are critical for LTE's expression, one may be optimistic that answers will be forthcoming reasonably soon. Of particular importance to aging mammals, such answers may provide insights into why older organisms show faster forgetting. This may have a profound impact on therapeutic strategies for memory disorders in both normal and pathological conditions of aging.
The Poetics of the Physical World

At the end of A Season in Hell, where Rimbaud reaches autumn, where his boat turns toward the port of misery, where he surrenders his supernatural claims and knows he has only rough reality to embrace, he says, "It is necessary to be abso lutely modern." This is a little different from Ezra Pound's phrase, "Make it new," which suggests that a poem is a technical act, a thing controllable by the will. I have come to distrust discussions of poetry which are technical. Yet to approach what it might mean to be "absolutely modern" I need to touch on what appears to be a technical matter: the uses of form in English poetry?rhyme, meter, and stanza. In their earliest uses in English, rhyme and meter perhaps imitated a supernatural harmony: the regular beat, the foreknown ringing of the rhymes, perhaps echoed a celestial music. In the eighteenth century, when English poetry became more rational and worldly, the outward forms might have reproduced a natural order, so that form became an unconscious test of objective truth: for instance, if a statement couldn't be rhymed, it couldn't be true. For the Roman tics and the Victorians, for whom that supernatural harmony and that natural order had crumbled, rhyme and meter took on a far more energetic function, which was to call back, in poetry, the grace disappearing from everything else. The poem was erected against chaos. The more disorderly reality appeared, the smoother the iambs became, the more elegant the rhymes. It was thought a beautiful achievement, a kind of rescue, to reduce the rhythms of human speech to the iambic foot. In this way poetry, along with so many other human endea vors, undertook the conquest of nature. No nineteenth century poem written in fixed form, unless perhaps something by Clare or Hopkins or Melville, fails to give off the aroma of this essentially nostalgic act. For modern poets?for everyone after Yeats?rhyme and meter, having lost their sacred and natural basis, amount to little more than mechanical aids for writing. Contrary to common opinion, it is easier to write in rhyme and meter than to write without them. At the very least, the exigencies of these forms change the nature of the difficulty, making it more verbal than psychic. When using rhyme and meter one has to be concerned with how to say something, perhaps anything, which fulfills the formal requirements. It is hard to let the poem flow from oneself or move into the open that way. If you were walking through the snow, rhyming would be like following a set of footprints continually appearing ahead of you. Fixed form, in our time anyway, seems to bring you to a place where someone has been before. In a poem, you wish to reach a new place. And this requires pure wandering?that rare condition when you have no external guides at all, only your own, inner impulse to go, or to turn, or to stand still:
Genome wide functional annotation using mathematical programming

Publisher Summary Recent advances in complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray technology have resulted in a surge of gene expression data. Whole-genome hybridization results have been reported for many organisms (yeast and worm) under different experimental conditions. Studies have been reported on various methods for assigning functionality to previously unknown genes. Some of these methods are clustering techniques, self-organizing maps, and knowledge-based support vector machines (SVMs). These techniques use a similarity measure to associate genes with unknown functionality with genes of known functionality. This chapter discusses the genome-wide functional annotation, for yeast data set, based on an SVM strategy. In SVM model, each gene can potentially be assigned to more than one class. A gene is referred to as a positive sample of a given class if it belongs to that class; otherwise the gene is referred to as a negative sample. The viability of the SVM model using yeast data with several missing experimental measurements is established. The SVM model correctly annotated the positive samples in all classes. The negative genes were not so well annotated. This is attributed to the missing data for the negative gene set.
A general scheme for constructing optimal bus based architectures for hypercubes

We present a general methodology for constructing optimal bus based hypercubes. The methodology encompasses previously proposed bus based hypercubes. If m n is the total number of different unidirectional Multiple Bus Systems (MBSs) that can optimally emulate the n?dimensional hypercube, then ?n≤ m n ≤?n, where ? n denotes the number of unlabeled trees on n edges. Each such MBS is symmetric with respect to the buses and processors, and has n + 1 ports per processor, whereas the hypercube has 2n ports per processor. We choose one specific MBS from those optimal MBSs and demonstrate its other attractive properties. It can simultaneously perform data transfers across as many as n dimensions. It is fault tolerant with respect to a bus, a processor, or an interface failure. We also show how to construct optimal bidirectional MBSs emulating hypercubes. The new architecture is very similar to the unidirectional one; yet it has half the number of buses and half the number of interfaces. It can simultaneously transfer data across as many as n dimensions. Its fault tolerance is similar to that of the unidirectional MBS.
Uptake of lactoferrin by mononuclear phagocytes inhibits their ability to form hydroxyl radical and protects them from membrane autoperoxidation

Human mononuclear phagocytes do not contain the iron-binding protein lactoferrin that we have previously demonstrated inhibits the potential for human neutrophils to generate hydroxyl radical in the presence of an exogenous iron catalyst of the Haber-Weiss reaction. Previous work by other investigators has suggested that mononuclear phagocytes (monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM] have the capacity to bind exogenous lactoferrin via lactoferrin-specific membrane surface receptors. Accordingly, we examined the possibility that uptake of iron-free (apo) lactoferrin by human mononuclear phagocytes could play a role in limiting the potential for generation of hydroxyl radical during the monocyte/MDM respiratory burst. When monocytes or MDM were incubated in the presence of apo-lactoferrin, cell-associated lactoferrin increased in proportion to the concentration of lactoferrin provided. Similar results were obtained with iron-loaded (diferric) milk lactoferrin. Consistent with the in vivo importance of these findings, we found that lactoferrin was intimately associated with human alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. The fucose polymer fucoidan inhibited lactoferrin uptake whereas exogenous transferrin or MDM exposure to IFN-gamma was without effect. Scatchard binding analysis confirmed the presence of a lactoferrin-specific receptor with a calculated kDa of 3.56 x 10(-6) M and 3.4 x 10(7) binding sites per cell. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that twofold more of the lactoferrin which became cell-associated over the 1-h incubation time could be found in the cytoplasmic fraction compared to the plasma membrane-containing fraction, consistent with previous evidence by others for internalization of lactoferrin by mononuclear phagocytes. When lactoferrin-loaded monocytes/MDM were incubated in lactoferrin-free media, evidence for release of lactoferrin was obtained by SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis, suggesting the presence of a recyclable pool of cell-associated lactoferrin. To assess the impact of lactoferrin loading on monocyte/MDM hydroxyl radical formation, lactoferrin-loaded phagocytes were stimulated with PMA in the presence of catalytic iron. Hydroxyl radical generation by lactoferrin-loaded cells was decreased to about 50% of control cells. Similarly, monocytes that had been lactoferrin-loaded demonstrated a 28% decrease in autooxidation of their membrane when stimulated in the presence of catalytic iron. These data suggest that lactoferrin binding may play an important role in maintaining optimal mononuclear phagocyte function and protecting adjacent tissue from untoward phagocyte-associated hydroxyl radical generation.
Phosphoglucose isomerase from human erythrocyte. Preparation and properties.

Abstract Phosphoglucose isomerase (d-glucose 6-phosphate ketol isomerase, EC 5.3.1.9) of the human erythrocyte was resolved into a major and two minor components. The major enzyme form, isomerase a, was purified to constant specific activity and appeared homogeneous by chromatography, electrophoresis, and ultracentrifugation. The minor enzyme forms, isomerases b and c, were also prepared in high purity in limited quantity. Isomerases a, b, and c differed slightly in their charge properties (isoelectric points at pH 9.2, 9.1, and 9.0, respectively) but were indistinguishable on the basis of molecular size. Sedimentation velocity and partial specific volume measure of isomerase a yielded values of s20, w = 7.0 S and 0.745 cm3 per g. Molecular weight of the native enzyme was 125,000 by sedimentation equilibrium analysis with dissociation induced by denaturing agents yielding two subunits of identical or similar size. Isomerase a was distinguishable from b and c on the basis of a lesser Km for fructose 6-phosphate. Isomerases a, b, and c were identifiable with the major and two minor enzyme forms obtained on electrophoresis of crude hemolysate in starch gel.
Driving of the solar p‐modes by radiative pumping in the upper photosphere

It is shown that one viable driver of the solar p-modes is radiative pumping in the upper photosphere where the opacity is dominated by the negative hydrogen ion. This new option is suggested by the similar magnitudes of two energy flows that have been evaluated by independent empirical methods. The similarity indicates that the p-modes are radiatively pumped in the upper photosphere and therefore provide the required nonradiative cooling.
Evidence for the Use of Telehealth in Pediatric Occupational Therapy

Telehealth is becoming an increasingly used service delivery model in rehabilitation services. There are a myriad of reasons for its use. Telehealth has the potential to alleviate provider shortages, decrease costs associated with providing therapy, and allow for treatment within a client's natural environment. The purpose of this evidence-based practice review was to answer the question, “Are web-based rehabilitation services effective for children under the age of 16, as measured by discipline specific outcomes and/or satisfaction with services provided?” In regard to satisfaction with telehealth services, it appears there is evidence to support the use of telehealth in pediatric OT.
On optimizing decision fusion with a budget constraint

We consider the problem of fusing local decision outputs into a global decision with a budget constraint. Each local decision maker is assumed to provide finite output regarding two competing hypotheses. A fusion rule is characterized by probabilistic mixing of decision trees corresponding to deterministic policies to reach a global decision. For practical problems where maximizing detection probability is of primary concern, we propose to optimize the fusion rule under the budget constraint via dynamic programming. The proposed algorithm can construct the complete efficient front of the detection probability vs. cost for practical decision fusion problems. Illustrative examples regarding the luggage inspection for potentially harmful material are provided for policy analysis within the optimization of decision fusion framework.
Serum Amylase Determinations and Amylase to Creatinine Clearance Ratios in Patients With Chronic Renal Insufficiency

Patients with severe chronic renal failure may have significant hyperamylasemia in the absence of clinical symptoms or signs of acute pancreatitis. Amylase to creatinine clearance (CA/CC) ratios were usually elevated in patients with chronic renal failure and were not helpful in evaluating the possibility of acute pancreatitis. The mean amylase to creatinine clearance ratio for the controls with normal renal function was 1.24 ± 0.13. In patients with chronic renal failure, it was 3.17 ± 0.42 (P