cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Information in a data collection: Models of database and library quality

A collection of data, whether encoded as a relational database or as a document collection, contains information that may be measured. We assume that a maximally informative collection is desirable; that is, given the constraints of capacity and costs of acquisition and storage, the best data collection is the collection containing the greatest amount of information. Several measures of information are described and applied to the measurement of the information content of relations, documents, and books, both singly and in collections. The characteristics of the measures are examined, including the ability of a measure to predict the amount of information that will be available. The utility theoretic measure proposed by Belis is argued to be the most appropriate measure of collection information. It is used to compare the information in two library collections. The methods of counting database or document uses, or treating library circulations as a measure of collection quality, are seen to be consistent with the Belis information measure. © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fault Detection in Multivariate Signals With Applications to Gas Turbines

This paper proposes a fault detection method for multivariate signals. The method assesses whether or not the multivariate autocovariance functions of two independently sampled system signals coincide. If the first signal is known to be sampled from a well-functioning system, then rejection of signal equality is tantamount to concluding that the second signal is sampled from a faulty system. The proposed method is based on the asymptotic properties of the periodogram of multivariate stationary time series and is nonparametric in nature; in particular, there is no need to model the signals under study, an often arduous task. Several natural and synthetic faults were introduced in a Solar Turbines Mercury 50 4.5 MW gas turbine and the resulting compressor delivery pressure and generated electrical power were analyzed. The proposed method capably detected all faults.
The many faces of Wadjak Man

In 1888, ‘Wadjak Man’ became the first fossil hominid to be found in southeast Asia. It has generally been believed (following Dubois 1922) that ‘Wadjak Man’ was ancestral to the Australian Aborigines. This view has been repeatedly challenged, mostly through differing interpretations of morphometric data. However, there have been three reconstructions of the Wadjak I skull and there are at least five sets of cranial measurements in the literature. A critical problem has been the fact that no absolute dates are available for this site. Faunal and elemental analyses can only suggest that the material is sub-recent. Now that dates for the first occupation of Australia are well into the Pleistocene, the role of Proto-Australian for ‘Wadjak Man’ no longer appears tenable. Additional skeletal material excavated by Dubois from rockshelters in the Wadjak area has recently been described and may be of similar age to the original fossil. To securely place ‘Wadjak Man’ in southeast Asian prehistory a reevaluation of the attributes of fossil and modern hominid material and a reconsideration of many methods of analysis will be required.
Dynamic barriers and tunneling. New views of hydrogen transfer in enzyme reactions

Hydrogen-transfer processes are expected to show appreciable quantum mechani- cal behavior. Intensive investigations of enzymes under their physiological conditions show this to be true in practically every example investigated. Initially, tunneling was treated either as a tunneling correction (cf. Bell, The Tunnel Effect in Chemistry, Chapman & Hall, New York, (l980)), or as corner-cutting (Truhlar et al., J. Chem. Phys. 100, 12771 (l996)). This worked well as long as the observed properties could be explained by "corrections" to tran- sition-state theory. However, over the past several years, enzymatic behaviors have been ob- served that are so deviant as to lie outside of transition-state theory. This phenomenon is dis- cussed in the context of the enzyme, soybean lipoxygenase. An environmentally coupled hydrogen-tunneling model is presented that derives from the treatments of Kuznetsov and Ullstrup (Can. J. Chem. 77, 689 (l999)), and includes heavy-atom reorganization (tempera- ture-dependent and largely isotope-independent), together with heavy-atom gating (temper- ature- and isotope-dependent). This treatment can explain a wide range of behaviors and leads to a new view of the origin of kinetic isotope effects in hydrogen-transfer reactions. These properties link enzyme fluctuations to the hydrogen-transfer reaction coordinate, mak- ing a quantum view of H-transfer necessarily a dynamic view of catalysis.
Radiometric and Geometric Analysis of Hyperspectral Imagery Acquired from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

In the summer of 2010, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral calibration and characterization experiment of the Resonon PIKA II imaging spectrometer was conducted at the US Department of Energy’s Idaho National Laboratory (INL) UAV Research Park. The purpose of the experiment was to validate the radiometric calibration of the spectrometer and determine the georegistration accuracy achievable from the on-board global positioning system (GPS) and inertial navigation sensors (INS) under operational conditions. In order for low-cost hyperspectral systems to compete with larger systems flown on manned aircraft, they must be able to collect data suitable for quantitative scientific analysis. The results of the in-flight calibration experiment indicate an absolute average agreement of 96.3%, 93.7% and 85.7% for calibration tarps of 56%, 24%, and 2.5% reflectivity, respectively. The achieved planimetric accuracy was 4.6 m (based on RMSE) with a flying height of 344 m above ground level (AGL).
GEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF POLLINATOR COMMUNITIES, REPRODUCTIVE ASSURANCE, AND THE EVOLUTION OF SELF‐POLLINATION

Reproductive assurance is often invoked as an explanation for the evolution of self-fertilization in plants. However, key aspects of this hypothesis have received little empirical support. In this study, I use geographic surveys of pollinator communities along with functional studies of floral trait variation to examine the role of pollination ecology in mating system differentiation among populations and subspecies of the annual plant Clarkia xantiana. A greenhouse experiment involving 30 populations from throughout the species' range indicated that variation in two floral traits, herkogamy and protandry, was closely related to levels of autofertility and that trait variation was partitioned mainly among populations. Emasculation experiments in the field showed that autonomous selfing confers reproductive assurance by elevating fruit and seed production. Surveys of pollinator communities across the geographic range of the species revealed that bee pollinator abundance and community composition differed dramatically between populations of the outcrossing subspecies xantiana and the selfing subspecies parviflora despite their close proximity. Specialist bee pollinators of Clarkia were absent from selfing populations, but they were the most frequent visitors to outcrossing populations. Moreover, within the outcrossing subspecies xantiana, there was a close correspondence between specialist abundance and population differentiation in herkogamy, a key mating system trait. This spatial covariation arose, in part, because geographically peripheral populations had reduced herkogamy, higher autofertility, and lower pollinator abundance compared to central populations of xantiana. Finally, I detected strong spatial structure to bee communities both across the range of the species and within the outcrossing subspecies. In both cases, spatial structure was stronger for specialist bees compared to generalist bees, and pollinator communities varied in parallel with population variation in herkogamy. These results provide evidence that mating system differentiation parallels spatial variation in pollinator abundance and community composition at both broad and more restricted spatial scales, consistent with the hypothesis that pollinator abundance and reproductive assurance are important drivers of plant mating system evolution.
The Co-evolution of Social Network Ties and Online Privacy Behavior

What is the nature of personal privacy in an increasingly digital world? To what extent should we foster greater information exchange among the public at large, versus protect the ability to limit disclosure to the people of one’s choosing? And to what extent do people say they care about either? Previous research on online privacy has predominantly been concerned with questions such as these. Noticeably absent, however, has been research examining actual online privacy behavior and its causes. In other words, regardless of whether people say they care about online privacy – and regardless of whether they should care about online privacy – given the option to disclose more information or less, what factors are predictive of the actual privacy decision that people make?
Test-driven learning in early programming courses

Coercing new programmers to adopt disciplined development practices such as thorough unit testing is a challenging endeavor. Test-driven development (TDD) has been proposed as a solution to improve both software design and testing. Test-driven learning (TDL) has been proposed as a pedagogical approach for teaching TDD without imposing significant additional instruction time.This research evaluates the effects of students using a test-first (TDD) versus test-last approach in early programming courses, and considers the use of TDL on a limited basis in CS1 and CS2. Software testing, programmer productivity, programmer performance, and programmer opinions are compared between test-first and test-last programming groups. Results from this research indicate that a test-first approach can increase student testing and programmer performance, but that early programmers are very reluctant to adopt a test-first approach, even after having positive experiences using TDD. Further, this research demonstrates that TDL can be applied in CS1/2, but suggests that a more pervasive implementation of TDL may be necessary to motivate and establish disciplined testing practice among early programmers.
Income and price elasticities in the US demand for computers

To assess the impact of changing income and computer prices on the demand for minicomputers and mainframes, the author has developed simple demand models. The model proposed relates the number of computer units sold with measures of computer prices and the industrial production index. The results, applied to computers during the years 1965-86, indicate that demand for minicomputers is more sensitive than the demand for mainframes to changes in economic conditions. >
First seizure management I can see clearly now

In the era of evidence-based medicine the need for guidelines should be diminishing. After all, if the evidence is so clear, why would one expect clinicians to have trouble interpreting and applying it? In reality, the evidence is not so clear. Most evidence is acquired using imperfect tools from populations who have varying degrees of similarity to the specific patient sitting in front of each of us every day. Even the best clinical trials yield subtly flawed evidence, as each requires interpretation of inclusion and exclusion criteria at the time of enrollment and ascertainment of endpoints that are imperfectly reported (e.g., seizure number, adverse events, compliance). Trials are also subject to important population stratification driven by inclusion and exclusion criteria, proximity to centers conducting trials, persuasiveness of investigators in recruiting participants, and receptivity of specific patient subgroups to enrolling and completing trials. Important subgroups of patients are frequently excluded from trials, e.g., women not committed to avoiding pregnancy; patients with a history of suicidal ideation, cardiac disease, hepatic disease, renal disease, or progressive conditions that might occlude trial endpoints; and, perhaps most importantly, children and the elderly. Finally, clinical trialists build academic careers and may earn significant fractions of their income based on their success in meeting recruitment goals and completing trials, likely leading to subtle biases in the day-to-day decisions that ultimately produce evidence. While blinding and randomization reduce the effect of these issues, they may not eliminate them completely. Furthermore, most epidemiologic and natural history studies are neither blinded nor randomized, and many are not prospective.
Sex matters: sexually dimorphic fitness consequences of a behavioural syndrome

There is growing evidence that correlated behavioural traits, or behavioural syndromes, influence behavioural evolution in some taxa. Few studies, however, investigate whether the effects of a syndrome are the same for both sexes. We test whether variation in social tendency, inferred from interindividual distance, is correlated with other aspects of behaviour in male comb-footed spiders, Anelosimus studiosus . We compared these results to those from previous studies on female social tendency to determine (1) whether both sexes share the same behavioural syndrome and (2) whether its effects on mating success are the same for both sexes. Trait types in the syndrome analysis include foraging behaviour, antipredator behaviour, exploratory behaviour and activity level. Our results suggest male A. studiosus , like females, can be categorized into two social classes: an aggregative (social) class and an intolerant (asocial) class. Social males (i.e. those with lower interindividual distance scores) were generally less aggressive towards prey and predators, and were less active. Furthermore, we provide evidence from a parent/offspring breeding study for an additive genetic component to male social tendency (heritability = 0.32). To determine the influence of the male syndrome on mating success, we performed staged male–male contests between social and asocial males for access to females. We found that male social tendency was the single best predictor of success in these trials, with asocial males outperforming social. This finding is opposite to the trend observed in female A. studiosus , where social females experience higher mating success. We propose that the diametrically opposed mating outcomes between the sexes could generate evolutionary conflict.
Influenza Pandemics of the 20th Century

Three worldwide (pandemic) outbreaks of influenza occurred in the 20th century: in 1918, 1957, and 1968. The latter 2 were in the era of modern virology and most thoroughly characterized. All 3 have been informally identified by their presumed sites of origin as Spanish, Asian, and Hong Kong influenza, respectively. They are now known to represent 3 different antigenic subtypes of influenza A virus: H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2, respectively. Not classified as true pandemics are 3 notable epidemics: a pseudopandemic in 1947 with low death rates, an epidemic in 1977 that was a pandemic in children, and an abortive epidemic of swine influenza in 1976 that was feared to have pandemic potential. Major influenza epidemics show no predictable periodicity or pattern, and all differ from one another. Evidence suggests that true pandemics with changes in hemagglutinin subtypes arise from genetic reassortment with animal influenza A viruses.
Machiavellianism and Locus of Control: Two Conceptions of Interpersonal Power

Two conceptions of interpersonal power, Rotter's concept of internal-external control and Christie and Geis' concept of Machiavellianism were compared. The I-E scale and the Mach IV scale were given to 3 independent groups. In all 3 samples, external control Ss were significantly higher Machiavellian than internal control Ss. Results were discussed in terms of conflicting values reflected in the scale content of the two measures.
Complexity in microbial metabolic processes in soil nitrogen modeling: a case for model averaging

Model uncertainty is rarely considered in the field of biogeochemical modeling. The standard biogeochemical modeling approach is to proceed based on one selected model with the “right” complexity level based on data availability. However, other plausible models can result in dissimilar answer to the scientific question in hand using the same set of data. Relying on a single model can lead to underestimation of uncertainty associated with the results and therefore lead to unreliable conclusions. Multi-model ensemble strategy is a means to exploit the diversity of skillful predictions from different models with multiple levels of complexity. The aim of this paper is two fold, first to explore the impact of a model’s complexity level on the accuracy of the end results and second to introduce a probabilistic multi-model strategy in the context of a process-based biogeochemical model. We developed three different versions of a biogeochemical model, TOUGHREACT-N, with various complexity levels. Each one of these models was calibrated against the observed data from a tomato field in Western Sacramento County, California, and considered two different weighting sets on the objective function. This way we created a set of six ensemble members. The Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) approach was then used to combine these ensemble members by the likelihood that an individual model is correct given the observations. Our results demonstrated that none of the models regardless of their complexity level under both weighting schemes were capable of representing all the different processes within our study field. Later we found that it is also valuable to explore BMA to assess the structural inadequacy inherent in each model. The performance of BMA expected prediction is generally superior to the individual models included in the ensemble especially when it comes to predicting gas emissions. The BMA assessed 95% uncertainty bounds bracket 90–100% of the observations. The results clearly indicate the need to consider a multi-model ensemble strategy over a single model selection in biogeochemical modeling study.
Networking Among Apparel Store Owners in Small U.S. Communities: Developing Social Capital

Traditionally, female-owned businesses are proportionally smaller in number of employees and sales volume than male-owned businesses. These characteristics often further complicate women’s ability ...
Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor: A Historical Overview and Future Outlook

A review is given of developments in the area of Gas-Cooled Fast Reactors (GCFR) in the period from roughly 1960 until 1980. During that period, the GCFR concept was expected to increase the breeding gain, the thermal efficiency of a nuclear power plant, and alleviate some of the problems associated with liquid metal coolants. During this period, the GCFR concept was found to be more challenging than liquid-metal-cooled reactors, and none were ever constructed. In the second part of the paper, we provide an overview of the investigations on GCFR since the year 2000, when the Generation IV Initiative rekindled interest in this reactor type. The new GCFR concepts focus primarily on sustainable nuclear power, with very efficient resource use, minimum waste, and a very strong focus on (passive) safety. An overview is presented of the main design characteristics of these Gen IV GCFRs, and a literature list is provided to guide the interested reader towards more detailed publications.
Measuring Target Cost in Unit Selection with Kl-Divergence Between Context-Dependent HMMS

This paper proposes a new approach for measuring the target cost in unit selection, where the difference between the target and candidate units is estimated by the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) between the context-dependent hidden Markov models (HMM). In order to model the left/right phonetic context, biphone models are generated by merging regular tri-phone HMMs sharing the same left/right phonetic context. To characterize prosodic contexts, various sets of prosody-sensitive monophone HMMs are trained. KLDs between these context models are calculated as the replacement cost between the contexts. Perceptual experiments show that the resulting synthesized speech sounds slightly better than those with the manually-tuned costs. An important advantage is that the proposed method can be conveniently applied to new corpora or languages without the need of collecting perceptual data
Making Currency Personal: The Salutary Tale of the Downfall of the Domdrachma

When did it all begin? It is a question that I am tired of hearing, as there is no hard border between the time before and the slide into the age of personal commodification and currency. It really started with the crude computer billing systems of the 1950s that were followed by fits, jumps, and great gulps of data collection. And we were directly complicit with it, a grocery store membership card here, a blog post there, the earning of an elite airline status on one of the long-dead legacy airlines. Bits of information about your diet, your wit, your spending on the daily acts of living sucked up and mashed together by code and commercialism. Of course, the repudiation of the common currency project by Germany in 2015 and the win of the Santorum-Bachmann Tea Party ticket of 2016 ‘ripped the last freakin’ lug nut off the wheels of central banking before driving the global economy off a cliff. At least we all got to watch the pretty government buildings burn as sousveillance fanatics uploaded constant feeds of their own demise as the ultimate status update, ‘The mob iz coming 2 kill me!!! brb!’ Some people just don’t know when to run.
Differences and Diversity Issues: Selected Vignettes

In an ever-changing world, certain topics -- such as sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, and gender -- still are hot-button items for many people. This series of vignettes covers many diversity topics, primarily in the workplace, and should promote engaging and intense debate. In reading them, students should try to see each vignette from the different perspectives presented.
The Battle over Personal Responsibility: The Evolution of American Liberalism and the Conservative Response

Many of the most hotly contested issues in contemporary American politics have their roots in the events and developments of the 1960s. Political conflict changed dramatically during that decade, and the cleavages that emerged out of that tumultuous period continue to drive American politics today. Numerous scholars have argued that the politics of the 1960s were driven by race, or by cultural issues, or more recently by differing views of authority. We agree that all these factors were important, but argue that they are all related elements of a much larger whole: disagreement over the proper place of individual responsibility in American society. In this paper we present this argument in detail. We first review the evolution of liberal views, leading to the increasing sense among liberals, beginning roughly in the early 1900s and culminating in the 1960s, that what happened to an individual was largely due to the environment they come from – family, neighborhood, class, and culture – and thus largely beyond the individual’s control. This then evolved into cultural relativism and the argument that different patterns of behavior must be respected. We then contrast that with an examination of the conservative counter-attack against this new vision of liberalism in American politics and their assertion that individual responsibility must prevail as the dominant interpretation. The conflicts that have ensued between these two views of causality of individual circumstances are then examined and the implications of these conflicts are discussed.
Cochlear implants

Cochlear implants are an effective way to enable people with severe or profound hearing loss to be able to hear. It can help a person with profound hearing loss to function with people and places where hearing may be required. Cochlear implants are a fine solution for severe to profound hearing loss, but there are problems that may accrue, and other solutions that need to be considered before a person makes the decision to get a cochlear implant for his or herself or a loved one
Prey Location in Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Diptera: Culicidae)

Larvae of Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Doleschall) are attracted to live Aedes aegypti (L.) larvae but not to dead A. aegypti larvae. The degree of attraction of T. amboinensis larvae is unaffected by their age but prior starvation of the predator increases this attraction and is directly correlated with the amounts of A. aegypti larvae used. The attractant is present in aqueous extracts of A. aegypti larvae and also in the water in which A. aegypti larvae have been reared. Thus, prey location in T. amboinensis is, in part at least, a result of chemoattraction.
Abstract 2326: Antiangiogenic effects associated with the inhibition of HSP90 in colorectal cancer

Purpose/Objectives: Angiogenesis has a central role in tumor growth and metastasis. Inhibition of angiogenesis has been shown to improve outcomes of patients with advanced stage colorectal cancer receiving standard chemotherapy regimens. HSP90 has a central role in the regulation of transcription factors that modulate the expression of angiogenic cytokines. Ganetespib is a small molecule functional inhibitor of HSP90. We tested the hypothesis that HSP90 inhibition by ganetespib can inhibit angiogenesis in colorectal cell lines. Methods: Two colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines were used, HCT-116 and HT-29. Cells were either untreated (control) or treated with ganetespib at 50 nM for 24 hours. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses were carried out to determine the effect of ganetespib on HIF-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. ELISA for VEGF expression was performed on the medium of CRC cells to evaluate the effects of ganetespib on VEGF secretion. Tube formation assays and chicken egg chorioallantoic membrane (Egg CAM) assay were also performed. Results: Western blot analyses demonstrated significant (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2326. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2326
Randomized controlled trial of vertebroplasty versus kyphoplasty in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures

Background We present the results of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of vertebroplasty versus kyphoplasty in treating vertebral body compression fractures. Methods Patients with vertebral body compression fractures were randomly assigned to treatment with kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty. Primary endpoints were pain (0–10 scale) and disability assessed using the Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Outcomes were assessed at 3 days, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year following the procedure. Results 115 subjects were enrolled in the trial with 59 (51.3%) randomly assigned to kyphoplasty and 56 (48.7%) assigned to vertebroplasty. Mean (SD) pain scores at baseline, 3 days, 30 days, and 1 year for kyphoplasty versus vertebroplasty were 7.4 (1.9) vs 7.9 (2.0), 4.1 (2.8) vs 3.7 (3.0), 3.4 (2.5) vs 3.6 (2.9), and 3.0 (2.8) vs 2.3 (2.6), respectively (p>0.05 at all time points). Mean (SD) RMDQ scores at baseline, 3 days, 30 days, 180 days, and 1 year were 17.3 (6.6) vs 16.3 (7.4), 11.8 (7.9) vs 10.9 (8.2), 8.6 (7.2) vs 8.8 (8.5), 7.9 (7.4) vs 7.3 (7.7), 7.5 (7.2) vs 6.7 (8.0), respectively (p>0.05 at all time points). For baseline to 12-month assessment in average pain and RMDQ scores, the standardized effect size between kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty was small at −0.36 (95% CI −1.02 to 0.31) and −0.04 (95% CI −1.68 to 1.60), respectively. Conclusions Our study indicates that vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty appear to be equally effective in substantially reducing pain and disability in patients with vertebral body compression fractures. Trial registration number NCT00279877.
Imaging Cells in Flow Cytometer Using Spatial-Temporal Transformation

Flow cytometers measure fluorescence and light scattering and analyze multiple physical characteristics of a large population of single cells as cells flow in a fluid stream through an excitation light beam. Although flow cytometers have massive statistical power due to their single cell resolution and high throughput, they produce no information about cell morphology or spatial resolution offered by microscopy, which is a much wanted feature missing in almost all flow cytometers. In this paper, we invent a method of spatial-temporal transformation to provide flow cytometers with cell imaging capabilities. The method uses mathematical algorithms and a spatial filter as the only hardware needed to give flow cytometers imaging capabilities. Instead of CCDs or any megapixel cameras found in any imaging systems, we obtain high quality image of fast moving cells in a flow cytometer using PMT detectors, thus obtaining high throughput in manners fully compatible with existing cytometers. To prove the concept, we demonstrate cell imaging for cells travelling at a velocity of 0.2 m/s in a microfluidic channel, corresponding to a throughput of approximately 1,000 cells per second.
The typification of Zamia erosa and the priority of that name over Z. amblyphyllidia

The lectotype designation of Zamia erosa O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins by Eckenwalder (1980) is corrected to a neotype as it does not constitute original material on which Cook & Collins based their description. The neotype designation is itself superseded, as the specimen selected by Eckenwalder is in serious conflict with the protologue, a conclusion based on over-looked descriptive and geographic information in the protologue, and new collections recently made near the type locality. A new neotype is designated. We have further determined that Z. erosa is an earlier validly published name for the species currently known as Zamia amblyphyllidia D.W. Stev.
A Service Oriented System Based Information Flow Model for Damage Assessment

The process of damage assessment and recovery in case of an information attack is time consuming. Any delay during recovery process may lead to system unavailability and is unacceptable in many time-critical applications. In this research we have developed a model to reduce this delay and aid in prompt assessment of damage, which is essential for faster recovery. In case of an attack notification, the goal of this model is to identify the affected data items quickly without having to evaluate too many data items and then make the unaffected data items available as soon as possible. This model can be used along with other intrusion detection mechanisms.
Exploring dependencies of networks of multi-genre network experiments

Tactical networks are modeled using multi-genre networks, a composition of communication, information and social networks. These networks are designed to support the soldier to maintain situation awareness in extreme network environments. We present initial steps to enabling the study of parameters of a multi-genre network and the impact they have on other layers as well as global mission performance metrics. The framework in this paper provides experimental results of a multi-genre network consisting of EMANE, a communications network emulation platform and ELICIT, a command and control experiment platform that represents the social network layer. With these, we explore several parameters of the framework to demonstrate the impact of one parameter on the performance of other layers of the network. As a result, we are able to gain insight into enhancing performance of such networks. We are able to see initial results in terms of the impact of parameters between network layers and on the global network performance.
Prostate Specific Antigen for Assessing Response to Ketoconazole and Prednisone in Patients with Hormone Refractory Metastatic Prostate Cancer

AbstractSerial prostate specific antigen levels were assessed in 15 patients with hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer treated with ketoconazole and prednisone. Of the men 12 (80%) with continually increasing prostate specific antigen levels before treatment had a decrease in prostate specific antigen with a median duration of response of 3 months. Three patients (20%) had a prolonged response (greater than or equal to 8 months) as seen by a persistently decreasing prostate specific antigen and improvement in bone pain. There appears to be a small subgroup of patients with progressive prostate cancer despite androgen ablation who will benefit from ketoconazole and glucocorticoid treatment. The use of serial prostate specific antigen levels appears to help define this subgroup and avoid the need for multiple radiological procedures to assess response. (J. Urol., 144: 1177–1179, 1990)
Single cell genomic quantification by non-fluorescence nonlinear microscopy

Human epidermal growth receptor 2 (Her2) is a gene which plays a major role in breast cancer development. The quantification of Her2 expression in single cells is limited by several drawbacks in existing fluorescence-based single molecule techniques, such as low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), strong autofluorescence and background signals from biological components. For rigorous genomic quantification, a robust method of orthogonal detection is highly desirable and we demonstrated it by two non-fluorescent imaging techniques -transient absorption microscopy (TAM) and second harmonic generation (SHG). In TAM, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are chosen as an orthogonal probes for detection of single molecules which gives background-free quantifications of single mRNA transcript. In SHG, emission from barium titanium oxide (BTO) nanoprobes was demonstrated which allows stable signal beyond the autofluorescence window. Her2 mRNA was specifically labeled with nanoprobes which are conjugated with antibodies or oligonucleotides and quantified at single copy sensitivity in the cancer cells and tissues. Furthermore, a non-fluorescent super-resolution concept, named as second harmonic super-resolution microscopy (SHaSM), was proposed to quantify individual Her2 transcripts in cancer cells beyond the diffraction limit. These non-fluorescent imaging modalities will provide new dimensions in biomarker quantification at single molecule sensitivity in turbid biological samples, offering a strong cross-platform strategy for clinical monitoring at single cell resolution.
Transgenic and Gene-Targeted Mouse Models in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension Research

Transgenic and gene-targeted mouse models are powerful tools for studying the pathogenesis and prevention of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Many hypotheses based on the findings of in vitro cell culture studies have been proved in vivo with these models, which have significantly advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. These mouse models could also be useful for screening or testing drugs to treat or prevent hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. However, since hypoxic pulmonary hypertension may be caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors, single transgenic or gene-knockout mouse models might not reflect the complex situation of the disease. Thus, future studies on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension should focus on generating and analyzing mouse models in which multiple genes have been manipulated by transgenic or gene-targeted approaches.
Fashion in interwar France: The urban vision of Elsa Schiaparelli:

Elsa Schiaparelli’s avant-garde designs and her collaborative efforts with surrealist artists are the subject of most analyses of her work, which focus on themes of glamour, gender and the construc...
Falls In The Elderly: The Need For New Research

Among the elderly, injury is an important cause of death or permanent disability. Falls are the second leading cause of accidental death in the United States with almost 75% of the falls occurring among the elderly. This paper deals with the research need of identifying and quantifying functional impairment which makes an elderly person more susceptible to falls. In addition, ergonomic interventions have been reviewed for minimizing falls in the elderly.
Leader Arrogance and Subordinate Outcomes: the Role of Feedback Processes

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between leader arrogance on subordinate outcomes of feedback seeking, morale, and burnout through its relationships with subordinate feedback environment perceptions. Additionally, perceived organizational support and subordinate feedback orientation are examined as moderators that influence the degree to which leader arrogance exerts its effects on these outcomes.
Culture Wars as Pagan Counterrevolution

This essay, given as the second of three lectures comprising the Charles E. Test Lectures at the Madison program at Princeton in May 2017, continues with the project of defending T. S. Eliot’s suggestion that the future of Western societies will be determined by a contest between Christianity and “modern paganism.” The essay suggests that the progressive movement in the current culture wars can be understood as a kind of counterrevolution, or an attempt to overthrow the Christian Revolution by which Christianity triumphed over paganism in the Fourth Century. This hypothesis can help to illuminate (or so it is argued) three theaters in the culture wars: the conflict over public religious symbols, the conflict over legally implemented norms of sexuality, and the controversy over religious freedom.
Abstract 10261: Musculoskeletal Pain in Cardiac Sonographers: A Multisite Case Control Study

Background: Transthoracic echocardiography is the mainstay of cardiac imaging and is highly dependent upon cardiac sonographers for whom image acquisition can be physically demanding and associated with musculoskeletal pain. Prior studies are limited by the absence of adequate control groups and a lack of adjustment for potential confounders. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and impact of work-related musculoskeletal pain in cardiac sonographers as compared to a large control group of non-invasive healthcare professionals with similar demographics. Methods: An electronic survey was administered to Mayo Clinic employees identified by human resources at six major patient care facilities in four different states. Results: There were 2682 employees within the departments of cardiology and radiology who were contacted and 1532 (57%) completed the survey. After exclusion of those who wear protective lead aprons, 517 employees comprised the control group and 66 cardiac sonographers made up the study group. Cardiac sonographers and the control group were similar in age, sex, BMI, length of employment and history of prior musculoskeletal pain. Cardiac sonographers reported work-related musculoskeletal pain more frequently than the control group (88% vs 40%; p Conclusions: In this multi-site case control study, cardiac sonographers experienced significantly more work-related pain and missed more work due to pain than a large control group of non-invasive healthcare professionals with similar demographics.
Transient Turbulent Natural Convection in Vertical Tubes for Thermal Energy Storage

In this study, turbulent natural convection heat transfer during the charge cycle of a Thermal Energy Storage system was studied computationally and analytically. The storage fluids were supercritical CO2 and liquid toluene which are stored in vertical and sealed storage tubes. A computational model was developed and validated to study turbulent natural convection during the charge cycle. The results of this study show that the aspect ratio of the storage tube (L/D) has an important effect on the heat transfer characteristics. A conceptual model was developed that views the thermal storage process as a hot boundary layer that rises along the tube wall and falls in the center to replace the cold fluid in the core. This model shows that dimensionless mean temperature of the storage fluid and average Nusselt number are functions of a Buoyancy-Fourier number.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Brain Asymmetry: Evolution

The anatomy and functional layout of the brain are organized asymmetrically, with hemispheric specializations for language and motor functioning. As a consequence, the pattern of asymmetries varies with handedness and language localization, but also with gender and disease processes. Differing neurodevelopmental events structure the two hemispheres, where a number of modulating factors, including genetic determination, fetal orientation, hormones, and functional adaptations contribute to the degree and direction of cerebral asymmetry. The massive evolutionary expansion of the brain and/or the evolutionary development of language in humans are possibly driving forces in the phylogeny of hemispheric specialization. Notwithstanding, functional and structural asymmetries have also been identified in nonhuman primates and in many other species.
Bile Acids and Intestinal Cancer

There is evidence that bile acids may play a significant role in the etiology of cancer of the large bowel. Epidemiological studies indicate that the disease is due largely to environmental factors, and recent experimental studies tend to support this concept. The studies show that certain dietary habits affect bile acid metabolism in a way which may have significance in intestinal carcinogenesis. It has been known for some time that bile acids are potentially carcinogenic due to their steric similarity to such carcinogenic hydrocarbons as 3-methylcholanthrene (1,2) and the possible conversion of deoxycholic acid† to the same compound by gut microflora (3–5). The purpose of this chapter is to review the evidence which tends to implicate bile acids in intestinal carcinogenesis.
Athletic Training Student Communication: What They Need to Talk About

Context: Employers note that new athletic training graduates are not able to effectively communicate. To date no studies have determined what topics new graduates need to be able to communicate. Ob...
Local Injections in Pain Management: Trigger Point Needling with Infiltration and Somatic Blocks

Five main types of injections for soft-tissue pain management and treatment of soft-tissue damage are discussed. They are (1) trigger point injections, (2) needling and infiltration of damaged and tender areas, (3) somatic block, (4) needling and infiltration of ligament sprains and bursitis, and (5) preinjection nerve blocks. Two important aspects of injections must be emphasized. First, needling combined with infiltration is the most effective modality for immediate alleviation of pain and for complete removal of pathology causing pain. Second, the injection represents only the first step in management; special follow-up treatment after injections assures the best and fastest healing.
Housing Depreciation Revisited: Hedonic Price Modeling Versus Assessor Estimates

Abstract Age and condition driven rates of structural depreciation for single-family housing based on hedonic price modeling representing the perceptions of home buyers/sellers are compared to tax assessor depreciation estimates for 47,000 homes in Sarpy County Nebraska. A hedonic price model with age specified as linear generated depreciation rates 11% below assessor rates with differences ranging from 43% lower to 13% higher across four classes of home values. A quadratic-age specification generated depreciation 39% above assessor rates with a range of 15% to 162% higher. A third model, with both quadratic-age and age-condition interaction variables, generated depreciation 27% higher than assessor rates with a range of 8% to 128%. If the goal of hedonic-based housing depreciation modeling is to converge with assessor-derived depreciation estimates based on widely used proprietary cost estimation software and data, then a linear model specification with respect to home age is recommended. Regardless of f...
DEVELOPMENT OF A VISUAL CONDITION RATING PROCEDURE FOR BUILT-UP ROOFS

The U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (USA-CERL) is developing a roof maintenance management system that will provide a practical, systematic procedure to determine priorities and select repair strategies for low-slope roofs. This paper describes the development and verification of the indexes for rating built-up roofs, based on a visual distress survey. Separate indexes (expressed as a numerical rating ranging from 0 to 100) were developed for the membrane and flashing components that provide a measure of the component's ability to perform its function, needed level of maintenance, and leak potential.
Relations between dynamics of parent-infant interactions and baseline EEG functional connectivity.

Abstract Parent-infant interactions are one of the most critical and enduring aspects of infants’ experience. Qualities of parent-infant interactions are related to social-emotional and cognitive developmental outcomes, yet how parent-infant interactions shape the functional organization of the brain is only beginning to be understood. Functional connectivity provides information about how brain regions communicate. Patterns of functional connectivity, thus far understudied in infants, have emerged as markers of abnormalities in the organization of the brain in at-risk infants as well as individuals with neurodevelopmetnal and neurodegenerative disorders. The current study sought to inform our understanding of relations between qualities of parent-infant interactions and functional connectivity. We report relations between responsiveness, reciprocity, and emotional tone and functional connectivity in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma in infants ranging from 6 to 11 month of age (N = 51). Results showed frontal-posterior connectivity in theta was inversely related to all three dimensions of parent-infant interactions. Gamma and alpha connectivity were positively associated with responsiveness and emotional tone, respectively. Results are discussed in the context of the experience-dependent nature of brain development, emphasizing how parent-infant interactions might be leveraged to structure early organization of the brain to foster healthy social-emotional and cognitive developmental outcomes.
Drawing upon Medicine to Teach Complex Systems to Business School Students: 2 Thinking in Systems

It is no good projecting a picture of the endocrine system pathways or those of intermediary metabolism to a bunch of students to whom it would look like a Jackson Pollack and expect them to grasp the nature of systems. You have to get real. There are two parts to this: (1) help them appreciating the importance of interdependencies; and (2) help them to think in systems. Models are critical for both. I start with a relatively small system, a hospital with four units – Emergency Room, Intensive Care, Surgery, and Stepdown – and a board game based on a systems dynamics model – “Friday Night at the ER.” After the game there is a formal debriefing where the interdependencies of the units are stressed. It has proven to be an effective way (at least anecdotally) in teaching the importance of interdependencies and systems thinking. These concepts are further developed in a classroom exercise based on the increasing prevalence of obesity. Students in groups create models of the various factors involved (related to the commercial, built, policy and social environments which constitute an obesogenic environment). These are compared to examples from the literature and the topic provides an introduction to the concept of wicked problems.