cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing Structure-Property Relations of Diseased Tissues Using Nanoindentation and FTIR

Disease processes are often associated with changes in tissue composition. For example, in atherosclerosis lipid and calcification are often found in the artery wall, whereas in healthy arteries the tissue microstructure is dominated by highly organized collagen. Such variations in composition likely result in changes in the material properties of the tissue. However, this relationship has not been fully investigated in atherosclerotic vessels. Using a combination of nanoindentation and spectroscopic techniques, our goal was to assess how changes in tissue composition affect the tissue’s mechanical properties. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to assess the biochemical composition of the tissue samples, such as the lipid and calcium content of fibrous tissues in diseased arteries. Nanoindentation was used to measure the local mechanical properties of the same tissue samples. This information was then correlated by position in the sample to assess the contributions of different constituents to the overall structure-property relations of these tissues.
PROGRESSION OF RESEARCH ON THERMODYNAMIC MODEL OF METALLIC ALLOY MELTS

The history and current progressing of the research on metallurgical thermodynamics model were presented generally, which includes the models of fitting and forecasting binary metallic alloy, the models of forecasting thermodynamic properties of ternary metallic alloy from those of binary alloys, and the expressions of activity interaction parameters, and the features of models were commented.
Immunohistochemical diagnosis of nervous system neoplasms.

The last decade of literature pertaining to the immunohistochemical profiles of peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms is discussed. The survey includes a critical analysis of studies concerning peripheral nerve sheath tumors, granular cell tumors, meningiomas, hemangioblastomas, choroid plexus neoplasms, primary malignant lymphomas and their distinction from mononuclear inflammatory cell lesions, angioendotheliosis, astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, neuroblastomas, retinoblastomas, medulloblastomas, pineal cell tumors, neuroendocrine cell neoplasms, germ cell tumors, chordomas, and metastatic carcinomas. The panel of antibodies that should be used to draw diagnostic distinctions among similar-appearing or related tumors, and the expected results of immunohistochemical staining are summarized in tables for quick reference.
Neurotraumatology: ultrasonic evaluation of the central nervous system.

AbstractIn this study we describe the technique of intraoperative ultrasound imaging of brain and spinal cord in trauma patients. The images are shown and their interpretation is discussed. This intraoperative imaging allows for localization of hematomas, bone fragments and indriven foreign bodies (j.e., pieces of plastic, glass, metal, etc.). DISC matenal and bone fragments deep to the spinal cord can be localized with this technique. Real-time ultrasound can be used to guide instruments within the brain and, thereby, provide dynamic guidance for removal of bone fragments and foreign bodies dynamically. In summary, Intraoperative real-time ultrasonic Imaging is of use to the neurosurgeon in the treatment of the neurotrauma patient. [Neural Res 1997; 19: 317–322],
Effect of nitric oxide on heme metabolism in pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

Primary intracellular targets for nitric oxide (NO) include nonheme iron-containing enzymes and protein-bound iron. Because NO is an important effector molecule in lung inflammation and endothelial cell-associated iron is critical to numerous forms of oxidant-mediated lung injury, we studied the effects of the NO donor S-nitrosoacetylpenicillamine (SNAP) on heme and iron metabolism in cultured sheep pulmonary artery endothelial cells. SNAP (300 microM) caused a transient increase in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA associated with a fivefold increase in HO activity that was completely blocked by the competitive HO inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP). SNAP-induced activation of HO caused SnPP-sensitive reduction of activity of the hemoprotein catalase and decrease in heme iron. SNAP caused increases in iron-responsive gene products, ferritin and mitochondrial aconitase, secondary to the release of iron from heme stores via HO induction, since these changes were also sensitive to SNPP. The NO-induced increase in nonheme iron was apparent via electron paramagnetic resonance, where an enhanced SNAP-induced (300 microM for 4 h) g = 2.04 signal (e.g., dinitrosyl-iron-sulfur complex) was noted after exposure to a dose of SNAP (200 microM for 14 h) that in itself did not produce a detectable signal. These data show that exposure of pulmonary endothelial cells to NO results in profound changes in intracellular heme- and nonheme-iron homeostasis and that HO plays a central role in affecting this balance.
Predicting the Flory-Huggins χ Parameter for Polymers with Stiffness Mismatch from Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The Flory–Huggins χ parameter describes the excess free energy of mixing and governs phase behavior for polymer blends and block copolymers. For chemically-distinct nonpolar polymers, the value of χ is dominated by the mismatch in cohesive energy densities of the monomers. For blends of chemically-similar polymers, the entropic portion of χ, arising from non-ideal local packing, becomes more significant. Using polymer field theory, Fredrickson et al. predicted that a difference in backbone stiffness can result in a positive χ for chains consisting of chemically-identical monomers. To quantitatively investigate this phenomenon, we perform molecular dynamic (MD) simulations for bead-spring chains, which differ only in stiffness. From the simulations, we apply a novel thermodynamic integration to extract χ as low as 10 - 4 per monomer for blends with stiffness mismatch. To compare with experiments, we introduce a standardized effective monomer to map real polymers onto our bead-spring chains. The predicted χ agrees well with experimental values for a wide variety of pairs of chemically-similar polymers.
Gastroprotective Effects of Bioactive Foods

The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is on the rise among the world population. Treatment for these ailments is becoming increasingly difficult because of multifactorial etiology, antibiotic resistance, and increased healthcare costs. Bioactive compounds in food and natural products offer a relatively safe, practical, and affordable alternative to conventional medicine in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. This chapter aims at familiarizing the recent research developments in utilizing bioactive food components for preventive and therapeutic purposes in GI diseases.
Servant Leadership and the Emergency Services

This chapter presents a brief history of the philosophy, its identified characteristics, constructs, and attributes along with its place within the emergency services. Robert K. Greenleaf first penned the modern concept of servant leadership philosophy in 1970. Since that time, the philosophy has spread throughout organizations. Today there are thousands of books, articles, research projects, and centers that teach the philosophy. Universities throughout the world have adopted the philosophy in their management and leadership programs, teaching servant leadership across the globe. Recently, works and research projects involving servant leadership within the emergency services have emerged.
Elimination of fluconazole interference in gas chromatography/ mass spectrometric confirmation of benzoylecgonine, the major metabolite of cocaine using pentafluoropropionyl derivative

Cocaine is a widely abused drug and causes death from overdose. Benzoylecgonine, the major metabolite of cocaine in urine is usually confirmed after derivatization by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to demonstrate cocaine abuse. Recently, Wu et al. demonstrated that fluconazole coelutes with benzoylecgonine after conversion to trimethylsilyl analogs and causes false-negative result in the confirmation test. However, fluconazole did not interfere with the screening assay using a enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique. We demonstrated that by converting benzoylecgonine to the corresponding pentafluoropropionyl derivative, the interference of fluconazole can be completely eliminated. The pentafluoropropionyl derivative of benzoylecgonine eluted at 14.7 min while the derivatized fluconazole eluted at 15.6 min. The mass spectral fragmentation pattern of derivatized benzoylecgonine was distinctively different from the mass spectral features of derivatized fluconazole in both electron ionization and chemical ionization mode of operation of mass spectrometers. The quantitation of benzoylecgonine in positive urine specimens has not affected when the specimens were supplemented with 50 micrograms/mL of fluconazole.
Frequency of sister chromatid exchanges and cell cycle kinetics in cultured human lymphocytes treated with selenium alone or selenium and methylnitrosourea

Frequency of sister chromatid exchanges and cell cycle kinetics in cultured human lymphocytes treated with selenium alone or selenium and methylnitrosourea، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
Control Issues for Pseudo Dynamic Testing

The most realistic method to asses the inelastic response characteristics of a test structure, e.g. a building, subjected to seismic ground motions would be to test the full scale structure on a shaking table. Clearly this is not possible with current experimental facilities, nor will it ever be practical for most large structures. Several alternative approaches have been developed. For example, shaking table tests of reduced scale structural models can be used. The shortcomings of such reduced scale tests are obvious; it is sufficient to point out that many structures cannot be adequately represented by reduced scale structural models [1].
Express Yourself…or Suppress Yourself: An Extension of the Justification-Suppression Model

Crandall and Eshleman’s justification-suppression model proposes that genuine prejudices differ from actual expressed prejudice because of factors that suppress them and other factors that aid in t...
Over-the-Cell Routing and Via Minimization

The current trend in VLSI design is to develop high performance chips. The main objective of physical design is satisfy the performance needs while mini-mizing the die size. Historically, the gate delays limited the chip performance. The developments in fabrication process technology in the past two decades have resulted in a phenomenal decrease in feature sizes, and introduced addi-tional metal layers for interconnections(routing). Sub-micron processes with five to seven metal layers for interconnections are now available for design of high performance and high density chips. The number of devices in a chip have increased from about a thousand devices in the early 70’s to over tens of million devices now. The increase in the number of devices has led to a significant increase in number of interconnections. Interconnect delays, which were considered to be insignificant earlier, have now become comparable, if not more prominent than the gate delays.
Reproductive Life Planning: Raising the Questions

Introduction Unintended pregnancy has been a concerning public health problem for decades. As we begin to understand the complexities of pregnancy intention and how women experience these pregnancies, reproductive life planning offers a paradigm shift. Methods Reproductive life planning is a patient-centered approach that places a patient’s reproductive preferences—whether concrete or ambivalent—at the forefront of her clinical care. Results This process grants women and men the opportunity to consider how reproduction fits within the context of their broader lives. Within a clinical encounter, reproductive life planning allows counseling and care to be tailored to patient preferences. Discussion Although there is great potential for positive public health impacts in unintended pregnancy, contraceptive use and improved preconception health, the true benefit lies within reinforcing reproductive empowerment. Despite recommendations for universal adoption, many questions remain regarding implementation, equity and outcomes.
Viral hepatitis. From prevention to antivirals.

The last decade has been a remarkable one in the field of viral hepatitis. New viruses have been discovered, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) was found to cause chronic hepatitis in millions of people. Another, hepatitis G virus (HGV), was found to have no significant role in the genesis of hepatobiliary disease. Safe, effective vaccines have been developed for prevention of hepatitis A and hepatitis B. As clinicians and public health officials implement these vaccines in various settings, outbreaks have been curtailed, and the epidemiology of these diseases has changed drastically. Treatments for some forms of chronic viral hepatitis have been developed and refined. The impact of these advances on the health care of children has been substantial. Although pediatric cases represent the minority of those with viral hepatitis, children may be important community vectors or reservoirs for these infections and are often the targets of immunization strategies. Successful treatment of chronic viral hepatitis in young patients will have long-lasting effects. This article reviews these important developments in hepatitis A, B, and C infections, with special reference to pediatric practice and outcomes.
Oxalate Metabolism and Renal Calculi

Changes in oxalate excretion (together with changes in urinary volume) constitute the most important factors in altering the probability of renal stone formation. However, investigations on oxalate metabolism have been sparse, perhaps because of the lack of an accurate method for measuring oxalate in biologic fluids. Available data clearly implicate increased urinary oxalate excretion as the etiological factor in stone formation in two groups of patients--those with primary hyperoxaluria and those with gastrointestinal malabsorption. Evidence for the existence of hyperoxaluria in the patient with the "garden" variety of calcium oxalate stones is less persuasive.
Open Access, Education Research, and Discovery.

Background/ContextThe open access movement has successfully drawn attention to economic and political aspects of scholarly communication through a significant body of commentary that debates the me...
Effect of dietary Echinacea purpurea on viremia and performance in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected nursery pigs

The effect of dietary Echinacea purpurea on performance, viremia, and ontogeny of the humoral antibody response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection was evaluated in weaned pigs. In three replicates, 120 weaned pigs (25 ′ 1 d of age; 8.46 ′ 0.48 kg of BW) from a PRRSV-naive herd were allotted randomly to one of eight pens (diets) in two separate rooms (four pens/room), with each pen containing five pigs. Pigs began one of four dietary treatments (as-fed basis) 1 wk before inoculation with PRRSV: 1) basal diet composed of corn, soybean meal, whey, and essential vitamins and minerals; 2) basal diet plus carbadox (0.055 g/kg of diet; as-fed basis); 3) basal diet plus Echinacea 2% (2% of the total diet); 4) basal diet plus Echinacea 4% (4% of the total diet). The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isolysinic. Echinacea purpurea was purchased in powder form and determined by chemical analysis to contain 1.35% cichoric acid (as-fed basis). Seven days after starting the diets, all pigs in one room were intranasally inoculated with PRRSV isolate ATCC VR-2332 at a concentration of 10 4 tissue culture infectious dose 5 0 /mL. To monitor the effects of Echinacea and PRRSV challenge, BW and blood samples were obtained from all pigs at 7-d intervals. Serum samples were analyzed for the presence of PRRSV and PRRSV-specific antibodies. All challenged pigs became infected with PRRSV, and all unchallenged pigs remained free of infection. No differences (P > 0.10) in ADG, ADFI, or gain:feed (G:F) were observed in PRRSV-challenged compared with unchallenged animals. For PRRSV-challenged animals receiving diets supplemented with Echinacea at 2 or 4%, no differences (P > 0.10) were observed in ADG, ADFI, or G:F ratio. Among PRRSV-challenged pigs, dietary Echinacea did not affect (P > 0.10) the rate or level of the ELISA-detectable antibody response from d 7 to 42 or the level and duration of PRRSV in serum. For PRRSV-unchallenged animals receiving diets supplemented with Echinacea at 2 or 4%, no differences (P > 0.10) were observed in ADG, ADFI, and G:F ratio. Under the conditions of this study, dietary Echinacea did not enhance growth, exhibit antiviral effects to PRRSV, or show any evidence of immune enhancing properties.
Technical Note—Multiproduct Pricing Under the Generalized Extreme Value Models with Homogeneous Price Sensitivity Parameters

We consider unconstrained and constrained multiproduct pricing problems when customers choose according to an arbitrary generalized extreme value (GEV) model and the products have the same price se...
Assessing Attitudes of Nursing Pedagogy: An Instrument Based on the Midrange Theory of Empowered Holistic Nursing Education.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Empowered Holistic Nursing Education (EHNE) midrange theory provides a structure for a pedagogy for nursing, bringing the core values of nursing into the classroom. There are five principles of EHNE: Self-Care, Interconnectedness, Prior Knowledge, Contextual Teaching-Learning, and Meet Them Where They Are. METHODS The Thurstone method was used in the development of this scale, resulting in two subscales representing unique phenomena, each with 11 relational items that represent the spectrum of attitudes for the phenomenon. RESULTS With a CVI score of 0.92 (n = 23) for subscale 1 and 0.89 (n = 23) for subscale 2, the scale was found to have high inter-rater reliability with an agreement of K = 0.814 (99% confidence interval). Analysis revealed a significant, positive association between the two subscales (r = .96 and sig/2 tailed = .003). CONCLUSIONS This instrument development study as a whole allows for further testing of the midrange theory and advancement to implementation and intervention research.
Building private blockchains over public blockchains (PoP): an attribute-based access control approach

Blockchain technology is increasingly being adopted as a trusted platform to support business functions including trusted and verifiable transactions, tracking, and validation. However, most business use-cases require privacy and confidentiality for data and transactions. As a result, businesses are forced to choose private blockchain solutions and unable to take full advantage of the capabilities, benefits and infrastructure of public blockchain systems. To address this issue, we present an Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) security solution built on a private-over-public (PoP) blockchain approach. The policy based distributed operation of ABE conforms well to the blockchain concept. The cross-chain PoP approach provides the benefits from both public blockchains and private blockchains. Businesses will be able to restrict access, maintain privacy, and improve performance while still being able to leverage the distributed trust of public blockchains. This paper present the ABE-based security framework and protocol for securing data, transactions as well as smart contracts. Security analysis and performance evaluation show the proposed solution to be effective, efficient and practical. It can greatly reduce the cost and complexity for businesses compared to running isolated private blockchain solutions.
Ligand-Blocking and Membrane-Proximal Domain Targeting Anti-OX40 Antibodies Mediate Potent T Cell-Stimulatory and Anti-Tumor Activity.

Summary Agonistic antibodies targeting the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of co-stimulatory receptors (TNFRSF) are progressing through various stages of clinical development for cancer treatment, but the desired and defining features of these agents for optimal biological activity remain controversial. One idea, based on recent studies with CD40, is that non-ligand-blocking antibodies targeting membrane-distal cysteine-rich domain 1 (CRD1) have superior agonistic activities compared with ligand-blocking antibodies targeting more membrane-proximal CRDs. Here, we determined the binding and functional characteristics of a panel of antibodies targeting CRDs 1–4 of OX40 (also known as TNFRSF4 or CD134). In striking contrast to CD40, we found that ligand-blocking CRD2-binding and membrane-proximal CRD4-binding anti-OX40 antibodies have the strongest agonistic and anti-tumor activities. These findings have important translational implications and further highlight that the relationship between epitope specificity and agonistic activity will be an important issue to resolve on a case-by-case basis when optimizing antibodies targeting different co-stimulatory tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs).
Application of Ring-Closing Metathesis to the Formal Total Synthesis of (+)−FR900482

A formal, enantioselective synthesis of the antitumor antibiotic (+)−FR900482 (1) has been completed using an approach that featured the ring-closing metathesis of the diene 37 to give the key intermediate benzazocine 38. Although several initial protecting-group strategies unexpectedly failed at various stages of the endeavor, the successful approach to 1 involved the conversion of commercially available 5-nitrovanillin (10) into the prochiral diol 24. The manipulations of the residues on the aromatic ring of 10 were straightforward, and the diol array in 24 was introduced by the hydride reduction of the malonate 23, which was in turn prepared by a nucleophilic substitution of the triflate 12. Adjustment of alcohol-protecting groups to give 27 and refunctionalization of the aromatic nitro group led to the protected N-allylamine 36. Elaboration of the diol array via a highly stereoselective Grignard addition furnished the diene 37. Ring-closing metathesis of 37 using the Grubbs catalyst 34 cleanly afforde...
The fears of men in a prostate cancer support group: A pilot study

18616 Background: Little is published on prostate cancer patients’ fears and the effectiveness of interventional strategies. Methods: A 20-item questionnaire addressing various potential fears was ...
“What I See Is What You Get” Explorations of Live Artwork Generation, Artificial Intelligence, and Human Interaction in a Pedagogical Environment

In this paper we review the overall process for the design, development, and deployment of “What I See Is What You Get”, an experiential installation that creates live interactive visuals, by analyzing human facial expressions and behaviors, accompanied by text generated using Machine Learning algorithms trained on the art collection of The J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles. The project is developed by students and faculty in an academic environment and exhibited at the Getty Museum. We also study the pedagogical process implemented to address the curriculum’s learning outcomes in an “applied” environment while designing a contemporary new media art piece. Special attention is paid to the level and quality of the interaction between users and the piece, demonstrating how advances in technology and computing such as Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing can contribute to deeper connections and new layers of interactivity.
Retrospective Analysis of Adult Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with FLAG at a Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Abstract Background FLAG ± Ida (fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and idarubicin), is a salvage chemotherapy regimen for relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with complete remission (CR) rates historically ranging from 52% to 63%. We review the outcomes for patients with R/R AML treated with FLAG ± Ida at the University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center. Patients and Methods Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with R/R AML who received FLAG or FLAG + Ida from January 1, 2012 to October 31, 2016 were identified via chart review. Outcomes evaluated were CR, CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi), overall response rate, overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival, and adverse events. Results Forty-two patients were included. The median age was 52 years (range, 23-73 years), and 57% were male. Sixteen (38.1%) patients had relapsed disease, and 26 (61.9%) had refractory disease. Most (n = 35; 83.3%) patients had European LeukemiaNet intermediate-risk AML. Responses were CR in 20 (47.6%) and CRi in 6 (14.3%). The median OS was 10 months (range, 0.8-51 months), and the median relapse-free survival was 12 months (range, 1-51 months) for responders. The median OS for patients who achieved CR was not reached, and the estimated 48-month survival rate was 56%. The median OS after CRi or no response was 3.47 and 2.17 months, respectively. The median OS was not significantly different when censored for stem cell transplant following chemotherapy, nor with use/deferral of idarubicin. The most common adverse effects were pancytopenia and infection. Conclusion Patient outcomes after treatment with FLAG ± Ida for R/R AML remain similar to prior reports, confirming its role as a salvage regimen for these patients.
Fundamental Problems In SmallSat Concept Development

The standardization of launch opportunities as secondary payloads, coupled with the miniaturization of digital electronics due to Moore's law, has enabled a new class of space missions at greatly reduced costs – SmallSat missions. Unfortunately, the desires of concept developers are often in conflict with the limited technical budgets afforded within the constraints of a SmallSat mission. Chief amongst these limited technical budgets, ironically, are the limited mass and volume budgets that enable them in the first place. Mass and volume budgets are consumed in closure of the other technical budgets in space systems: science error budgets, delta-v and propellent budgets, power and energy budgets, and thermal budgets, to name a few. Most aspects of these budgets are unaffected by the miniaturization of digital electronics enabled by modern physics, but are instead governed by the laws of classical physics, worked out by Europeans, long since dead. The fundamental laws of classical physics provide the couplings between these budgets, and provide a way to help potential users realize the practical limitations inherent in SmallSat systems. Understanding the fundamental limitations better positions concept developers to find innovative solutions with these systems and not inefficiently pursue infeasible approaches to their needs.
Post-Discharge Outcomes After Pancreatic Necrosectomy: A Single Institution Experience Following Endoscopic vs Open Debridement:

BackgroundPancreatic necrosectomy outcomes have been studied extensively; however, long-term results of these procedures have not been well characterized. Our study aimed to assess the outcomes at ...
Three dimensional nonlinear viscoelastic oxidation modeling

As device dimensions decrease, modeling of device isolation processes will have to be performed in three dimensions. The progression of the numerics from two dimensions to three dimensions has been eased because FLOOPS is an object oriented simulator. This paper discusses the implementation of the models for nonlinear stress dependent viscoelastic oxidation modeling. A two-step model is used for the growth of oxidation.
Influence and Leadership

1 Influence, Leadership, and Social Psychology 2 Milestones in the Social Psychology of Influence and Leadership 3 Compliance Versus Conformity 4 Compliance and Obedience 5 Group Norms 6 Majority Influence and Conformity 7 Minority Influence and Social Change 8 Leadership 9 Summary
Kainate receptors mediate a slow postsynaptic current in hippocampal CA3 neurons

Glutamate, the neurotransmitter at most excitatory synapses in the brain, activates a variety of receptor subtypes that can broadly be divided into ionotropic (ligand-gated ion channels) and metabotropic (G-protein-coupled) receptors. Ionotropic receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission, and based on pharmacological and molecular biological studies are divided into NMDA and non-NMDA subtypes. The non-NMDA receptor group is further divided into AMPA and kainate subtypes. Virtually all fast excitatory postsynaptic currents studied so far in the central nervous system are mediated by the AMPA and NMDA subtypes of receptors. Surprisingly, despite extensive analysis of their structure, biophysical properties and anatomical distribution, a synaptic role for kainate receptors in the brain has not been found. Here we report that repetitive activation of the hippocampal mossy fibre pathway, which is associated with high-affinity kainate binding and many of the kainate receptor subtypes, generates a slow excitatory synaptic current with all of the properties expected of a kainate receptor. This activity-dependent synaptic current greatly augments the excitatory drive of CA3 pyramidal cells.
Inexpressiveness of First-Order Fragments

It is well-known that first-order logic is semi-decidable. Therefore, first-order logic is less than ideal for computational purposes (computer science, knowledge engineering). Certain fragments of first-order logic are of interest because they are decidable. But decidability is gained at the cost of expressiveness. The objective of this paper is to investigate inexpressiveness of fragments that have received much attention.
Daubert in the States: Diffusion of a New Approach to Expert Evidence in Court

This paper applies a diffusion analysis to the adoption of Daubert principles by state supreme courts. We examine political, institutional, and legal factors. Applying event history analysis, we find little that systematically accounts for the adoption of Daubert in the states. We do find an unexpected relationship between adoption and the amount of tort reform a state's legislature has passed (adoption of Daubert is less likely in states that have adopted substantial numbers of tort reform measures); we speculate on what might account for this unexpected relationship.
Low power submillimeter-wave mixing and responsivity properties of YBa2Cu3O7 hot-electron bolometers

Low power characteristics of superconducting hot-electron bolometric mixers using YBa2Cu3O7 are reported. Near 77 K, these mixers have a responsivity of 780 V/W using 8 nW of local oscillator (LO) power at 585 GHz. The responsivity can be shown to be truly bolometric. Heterodyne mixing at 87 GHz shows an overall conversion gain of −47 dB at 1.8 GHz intermediate frequency, using 3.3 mW of incident LO power. The intrinsic conversion gain is estimated to be −16 dB with 1 μW of LO power, close to the calculated optimal values.
The Dynamics of Credit Spreads in Hotel Mortgages and Signaling Implications

We use a vector autoregression framework to investigate loan pricing in a market with short-term leases (hotels) relative to longer-term leases (office properties), studying how news on the economy...
P_ARPACK: An Efficient Portable Large Scale Eigenvalue Package for Distributed Memory Parallel Architectures

P_ARPACK is a parallel version of the ARPACK software. ARPACK is a package of Fortran 77 subroutines which implement the Implicitly Restarted Arnoldi Method used for solving large sparse eigenvalue problems. A parallel implementation of ARPACK is presented which is portable across a wide range of distributed memory platforms and requires minimal changes to the serial code. The communication layers used for message passing are the Basic Linear Algebra Communication Subprograms (BLACS) developed for the ScaLAPACK project and Message Passing Interface(MPI).
Predictors of clinical outcome after tracheotomy in critically ill obese patients.

Objectives/Hypothesis To identify patient factors associated with outcomes in critically ill obese patients requiring tracheotomy. Study Design Single-institution, retrospective cohort study. Methods Charts were reviewed for inpatients admitted to an intensive care unit from 2007 to 2010 with International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes of obesity or morbid obesity and tracheotomy. Variables collected in the dataset include subject age, ethnicity, gender, body mass index, tracheotomy type, patient outcome, chief diagnosis, and medical comorbid conditions. The primary outcomes of interest were tracheotomy type and patient outcome at the time of hospital discharge. Logistic regression models were developed for the probability of each patient outcome using univariate and multivariate models. Results One hundred two patients met inclusion criteria. The most common outcome was tracheostomy dependence (49%). Increased mortality was independently significantly associated with pulmonary hypertension (P = .019) and African American ethnicity (P = .045). Increased tracheostomy dependence was significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnea (P = .030). Increased decannulation was significantly associated with percutaneous tracheotomy (P = .016) and Caucasian ethnicity (P < .001). Conclusions Obese patients in the intensive care unit who undergo tracheotomy have a high likelihood of remaining tracheostomy dependent at the time of discharge from the hospital. The factors most commonly found to be significantly associated with poor outcomes were open tracheotomy, African American ethnicity, obstructive sleep apnea, and pulmonary hypertension. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 124:1118–1122, 2014
Apuntes sobre procedimientos de microfilmación en archivos locales

En los ultimos anos el trabajo investigativo del historiador, el antropologo y el sociologo ha sido aliviado, en buena parte, gracias al uso del microfilm. A un precio modico el investigador puede obtener, hoy dia, copias microfilmadas de documentos y libros de- positados en las mas importantes bibliotecas del mundo. Sin embargo, los investigadores, hasta ahora, se han mostrado reticentes a tomar ellos mismos sus propias peliculas, a pesar de que con las camaras modernas y la variedad de peliculas que se encuentran a la venta, les resultaria relativamente facil emprender por si mis- mos la microfilmacion. En virtud de las facilidades existentes el investigador puede, actualmente, aprovechar los archivos localizados en areas remotas y carentes de comodidades para una estadia larga. Mas aun, con estas ventajas se elimina el inconveniente de cargar con los materiales de investigacion en un viaje largo, puesto que bastara con pasar solo una reducida parte del tiempo por fuera del lugar donde habitualmente el investigador adelanta sus traba- jos. Al microfilmar los archivos locales el investigador cuenta, ade- mas, con la garantia de tener en su poder la copia de un documento entero, eludiendo, de esta manera, los problemas que puede pre- sentar una toma defectuosa de notas. En este articulo se senalan el equipo basico requerido y el procedimiento a seguir para la toma de microfilms en archivos locales. Desde luego, se puede utilizar un equipo mas complejo que el descrito, pero esto solo anadiria peso y bulto al equipaje que se lleve. El equipo de que vamos a ocuparnos a continuacion es facilmente transportable y cabe sin dificultad en una maleta corriente junto a los objetos personales. Tanto el equipo como los procedimientos que se enuncian estan basados en la experiencia investigativa del autor en Boyaca y Santander.
LIDAR Wind Speed Measurements of Evolving Wind Fields

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) systems are able to measure the speed of incoming wind before it interacts with a wind turbine rotor. These preview wind measurements can be used in feedforward control systems designed to reduce turbine loads. However, the degree to which such preview-based control techniques can reduce loads by reacting to turbulence depends on how accurately the incoming wind field can be measured. Past studies have assumed Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis, which implies that turbulence remains unchanged as it advects downwind at the mean wind speed. With Taylor's hypothesis applied, the only source of wind speed measurement error is distortion caused by the LIDAR. This study introduces wind evolution, characterized by the longitudinal coherence of the wind, to LIDAR measurement simulations to create a more realistic measurement model. A simple model of wind evolution is applied to a frozen wind field used in previous studies to investigate the effects of varying the intensity of wind evolution. LIDAR measurements are also evaluated with a large eddy simulation of a stable boundary layer provided by the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Simulation results show the combined effects of LIDAR errors and wind evolution for realistic turbine-mounted LIDAR measurement scenarios.
THE EFFECT OF PITUITARY STALK SECTION ON THE ADRENAL FUNCTION OF WOMEN WITH CANCER OF THE BREAST

ABSTRACT Pituitary stalk section was performed in 26 women with rapidly advancing metastatic carcinoma of the breast. A tantalum plate was inserted above the sella to retard revascularization from the hypothalamus. Summarized results of detailed studies of adrenal function both before and after the operation are presented. Many of the patients excreted low or low-normal quantities of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids prior to surgery. Following the operation, steroid excretion gradually decreased to the low levels observed in hypopituitarism and characteristic symptoms of adrenal insufficiency developed. These symptoms were alleviated by the administration of ACTH or prednisolone. When substitution therapy was withheld, there was no tendency for urinary steroids to rise and symptoms of adrenal insufficiency recurred. The capacity of the pituitary-adrenal axis to respond to “stress” was assessed by measuring the rise in the concentration of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids during an insulin-glu...
Template-Set Approach to VLSI Pattern Inspection

A new approach is described for the automatic detection of defects in VLSI circuit patterns such as photomasks and wafers. It is based on morphological feature extraction using templates that represent a set of local pixel configurations within a specified window. These templates are stored in content-addressable memories (CAMs) to facilitate parallel comparisons of window-pattern scanning over a tested image. Maskable CAMs reduce the size of a template set substantially. Two error-detection algorithms are implemented to detect both random defects and dimensional errors.
A possible role for multidrug resistance-associated protein in the secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor by osteogenic sarcoma cell line (MG-63)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) lacks signal sequence and therefore the mechanism of its secretion is unknown. Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) has been shown to transport a variety of molecules. Therefore, in this study we examined the role of MRP in the secretion of bFGF by osteogenic sarcoma MG-63 cells which spontaneously secrete bFGF. We show that MG-63 cells express MRP both at the protein and at the mRNA level. Furthermore, probenecid (a putative inhibitor of transport activity of MRP), in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited secretion of bFGF from MG-63 cells with concomitant increase in intracellular contents of bFGF. These results suggest that MRP may have a possible role in the secretion of bFGF.
An N-Tier Client/Server course: a classroom experience

This paper describes the results and the lessons learned from implementing CS8628: N-Tier Client/Server systems. This is a new graduate level course offered for the first time in the summer of 2003 and it is intended to introduce fundamental concepts of client/server systems. The course focused on building "real-life" client/server systems using database management systems, middleware, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and synchronization tools. This paper also describes the organization and form of the course, and specific products that were used so that it may be useful for those who wish to implement a similar course.
Two molecular species of agglutinins in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) serum and their relation to antigenic exposure.

Abstract Both large-molecule and small-molecule agglutinins have been found in rainbow trout serum. Only the large-molecule agglutinin was induced by exposure to antigen.
The Maya footprint: soil resources of Chunchucmil, Yucatán, Mexico.

This study explored and characterized soil physical and chemical properties to determine how the ancient Maya of Chunchucmil, Yucatan, Mexico, fed themselves. Our objectives were to examine the soil resources and the areas of agricultural importance surrounding Chunchucmil and to search for evidence of agricultural intensification of soils by night soil and charcoal amendments. The C isotopic signature of ancient C 4 crops was not detected, suggesting that either maize (Zea mays L.) was not extensively produced or that the mix of native C 3 and C 4 plants in the savanna hid the signature. There were no soil chemical or biomarker evidences of ancient agricultural intensification, suggesting that ancient agriculture was mainly based on shifting cultivation and arboriculture at Chunchucmil. Concentrations of black carbon, Ca, P, K, Mg, and organic C within urban and rural settlements were enhanced, but probably by incidental human activities. We estimate that the land requirement to sustain the population of Chunchucmil at its height would have been greater than the available resources based on traditional agricultural methods. We cannot ignore the possibilities of intensification techniques, like intensive weeding, watering, and organic fertilizers that would have left no or only modestly elevated major elements. But it is probable that the ancient Maya of Chunchucmil traded marine and estuary products from the Gulf Coast and other high-value trade items for imported agricultural products.
Capturing the Public Interest Promoting Planning in Conservative Times

Following Calavita and Krumholz’s answers to conservative attacks on planning, this commentary offers another way to promote planning in public discourse. Transaction cost theory (TCT) debunks the “planning versus markets” dichotomy, relieving planning advocates from claiming the need for public intervention, an argument that encounters frequent skepticism. TCT makes the case for planning in three ways: (1) rejecting generalizations, it focuses debate on specific cases; (2) breaking the link between planning and government, it disarms conservative critics; (3) it provides an authoritative theoretical base for answering neoliberal attacks on public planning. Convincing people that planning (not only as public intervention) is necessary and enhances their welfare is an argument that can be won.
Iliocaval Reconstruction in Chronic Deep Vein Thrombosis

Chronic occlusion of the iliac veins and the inferior vena cava is a source of significant morbidity to often otherwise healthy patients, but it can be successfully managed with percutaneous recanalization and stenting. In this article, I summarize our current approach to patients with chronic occlusion of the iliac veins: patient selection, timing of intervention, commonly needed equipment, procedure, difficulties encountered, complications, clinical follow-up, and outcomes. An ideal patient is the one who is physically active (or was so before iliocaval occlusion), is at least 6 months past acute iliocaval thrombosis, has a patent common femoral vein and hepatic vein or caval confluence, and has no thrombophilic state. The duration of the occlusion has not affected our technical success of recanalization but may, by predisposing the patient to recurrent deep vein thrombosis, affect long-term patency by degrading the size and number of inflow vessels. Secondary patency rates at 4 years can be as high as 70%-90%. We anticipate that even higher success rates will follow with ongoing evolutions in device design (stents with appropriate diameter, length, radial conformity to conduits of varying diameter, and resistance to compression); better understanding of the biological interaction of the stent, the veins, and the coagulation system; and improved navigation systems to cross longer, occluded segments that are resistant to guidewire passage.
Induction of immunity and oral tolerance with polymorphic class II major histocompatibility complex allopeptides in the rat.

We studied the immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allopeptides in the rat. Inbred LEW (RT1l) rats, used as responders, were immunized in the foot pad with a mixture of eight synthetic class II MHC allopeptides emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. These sequences represent the full-length second domain of RT1.Bu and RT1.Du (WF) beta chains. In vitro, responder lymphocytes harvested from popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes of immunized animals exhibited significant proliferation to the MHC allopeptide mixture. In addition, these responder lymphocytes had significantly increased proliferation to allogeneic WF (RT1u) stimulator cells, when compared to naive controls in the standard one-way mixed lymphocyte response. In vivo, peptide-immunized LEW animals were challenged in the ear 2 weeks after immunization with the allopeptide mixture, the individual allopeptide sequences, or allogeneic WF splenocytes. When compared to controls, these animals had significant delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to the allopeptide mixture, to the beta-pleated sheet allopeptide sequences, and to allogeneic WF splenocytes but not to the alpha-helix allopeptide sequences, to syngeneic LEW splenocytes, or to third party allogeneic BN splenocytes. Oral administration of the allopeptide mixture to LEW responder rats daily for 5 days before immunization effected significant reduction of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses both to the allopeptide mixture and to allogeneic splenocytes. This reduction was antigen-specific, since there was no reduction of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis. These data demonstrate that lymphocytes from animals immunized with polymorphic class II MHC allopeptides can recognize and proliferate to the same amino acid sequences on allogeneic cell surface MHC molecules. In addition, oral administration of these peptides down-regulates the systemic cell-mediated immune response in a specific fashion. Synthetic MHC allopeptides should allow the study of alloimmunity in vivo, including induction of immune tolerance.