cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relation of 'Fletcher Factor' to factors XI and XII.

Summary. Further evidence is presented for the existence of a new coagulation factor which is closely related to Hageman factor (XII) and plasma thromboplastin antecedent, PTA (XI). This factor has been tentatively designated ‘Fletcher factor’. Coagulant activity of Fletcher factor was separated from the clotting activity of factors XI and XII by C-M Sephadex column chromatography of intact normal plasma. Other studies showed that the prolonged partial thromboplastin time or plasma recalcification time of Fletcher-deficient plasma could be ‘corrected’ by prolonged contact with celite, glass, kaolin, or ellagic acid; all are known activators of factor XII. Cytochrome c, known to inhibit the contact activation of factor XII, completely abolished this contact ‘correction’ of Fletcher-deficient plasma. Thus, the clotting times of plasmas deficient in Fletcher factor (presently found in seven individuals from four unrelated families) are readily corrected by activated factors XII and XI. None of these individuals has any bleeding tendencies. Fletcher factor activity is deficient in the plasma of newborn infants; the factor is probably produced in the liver and not dependent on vitamin K for its synthesis.
Visual servoing schemes for automatic nanopositioning under scanning electron microscope

This paper presents two visual servoing approaches for nanopositioning in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The first approach uses the total pixel intensities of an image as visual measurements for designing the control law. The positioning error and the platform control are directly linked with the intensity variations. The second approach is a frequency domain method that uses Fourier transform to compute the relative motion between images. In this case, the control law is designed to minimize the error i.e. the 2D motion between current and desired images by controlling the positioning platform movement. Both methods are validated at different experimental conditions for a task of positioning silicon microparts using a piezo-positioning platform. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the developed methods.
Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response in low birth weight infants fed varying intakes of protein and energy

Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response were determined in low birth weight (LBW) infants fed daily protein and energy intakes, respectively, of 2.8 gm/kg and 119 kcal/kg (group 1), 3.8 gm/kg and 120 kcal/kg (group 2), and 3.9 gm/kg and 142 kcal/kg (group 3). The mean rates of both weight gain and nitrogen retention in group 1 were somewhat greater than intrauterine rates; plasma concentrations of transthyretin and albumin also were acceptable. Thus the lower protein intake appeared to be adequate. On the other hand, the rates of weight gain and nitrogen retention in groups 2 and 3 were greater than those in group 1, supporting the efficacy of the higher protein intake with respect to growth. However, blood urea nitrogen and plasma amino acid concentrations also were higher in groups 2 and 3; both were higher in group 2 than in group 3, refiecting the positive effect of the higher energy intake on protein utilization. This observation, combined with data from an earlier study, indicates that protein intakes in excess of 3 gm/100 kcal will not be utilized completely. Energy expenditure in group 3 was greater than in group 1 but not group 2, raising the possibility that protein intakes not utilized completely contribute to diet-induced thermogenesis. The higher energy intake in group 3 vs group 2 did not affect rate of weight gain significantly, but energy storage in group 3, and hence fat accretion, was greater than that of other groups. In all groups the ratio of protein accretion to fat accretion reflected dietary proportions of protein and energy.
Differentiation of malignant and benign breast lesions using magnetization transfer imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

Purpose To evaluate feasibility of using magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in conjunction with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions at 3 Tesla.
Psychiatry and social class

The role that patients' social class plays in the diagnoses that they are given and the treatments that are recommended for them, has been of continuing interest to the mental health profession. Charges of “bias” have not been infrequent. Examination of this issue was the primary focus of this study. Thirthy psychiatrists in private practice and thirty-eight experienced clinicians from a community mental health center were presented with four psychiatric case descriptions. They were asked for their diagnoses and treatment recommendations. Each case description contained upper class or lower class cases. This paper reports on the diagnoses that were made and the treatment modalities that were recommended by private and public practitioners, using social class as the independent variable.
The Least-Squares Property of the Lanczos Derivative

Everyone knows that the derivative of a function at a point measures the slope, or instantaneous rate of change, of the function at that point; this follows from the usual difference-quotient definition. However, various alternate formulations of the derivative have proved valuable. Many of these are discussed in Bruckner's text [1]. The Lanczos derivative is one alternate definition not mentioned by Bruckner, which has been a focus of recent attention [3, 5, 10]. Attributed to the Hungarian-born mathematician Cornelius Lanczos (pronounced Lan'tsosh) [7], this derivative is actually defined in terms of a definite integral! The Lanczos derivative of a function f at x is given by
Suppression of Atomic Radiative Collisions by Tuning the Ground State Scattering Length

We investigate the radiative collision rate in an ultracold, optically trapped cesium gas near a magnetically tunable Feshbach resonance. The radiative trap loss is suppressed by a factor of up to 15 when the node of the ground state pair correlation function is tuned to the Condon point. This constitutes a direct measurement of both the sign and the magnitude of the $s$-wave scattering length. In addition, we observe several narrow, superimposed loss resonances. Their widths are determined by the gas temperature, and their positions are independent of external parameters to within 5 mG.
Political revolution and repression: An economic approach

In his "The Logic of Collective Action" Olson [21] develops the broad outlines of what might be called a private interest theory of public action. It is pointed out that since the benefit to an individual from the consumption of an extra unit of a collective (or public) good is small relative to his cost of producing it, "selective incentives" are required to explain participation in production. A "selective incentive" is a non-collective benefit contingent upon the individual's participation in the production of a collective good. More recently, Tullock [31] has imaginatively formalized and applied this type of economic theory to the question of the sources of revolutionary activity. Here Tullock's analysis is used as a point of departure in grouping historical political revolutions into meaningful types and in considering who is most likely to become a revolutionary. First, however, I offer a working definition of revolution and briefly review Tullock's formal model.
Facilitating Students’ Problem Solving in a Technological Context: Prospective Teachers’ Learning Trajectory

In the past decade, there has been an increased emphasis on the preparation of teachers who can effectively engage students in meaningful mathematics with technology tools. This study presents a closer look at how three prospective teachers interpreted and developed in their role of facilitating students’ mathematical problem solving with a technology tool. A cycle of planning–experience–reflection was repeated twice during an undergraduate course to allow the prospective teachers to change their strategies when working with two different groups of students. Case study methods were used to identify and analyze critical events that occurred throughout the different phases of the study and how these events may have influenced the prospective teachers’ work with students. Looking across the cases, several themes emerged. The prospective teachers (1) used their problem solving approaches to influence their pedagogical decisions; (2) desired to ask questions that would guide students in their solution strategies; (3) recognized their own struggle in facilitating students’ problem solving and focused on improving their interactions with students; (4) assumed the role of an explainer for some portion of their work with students; (5) used technological representations to promote students’ mathematical thinking or focus their attention; and (6) used the technology tools in ways consistent with the nature of their interactions and perceived role with students. The implications inform the development of an expanded learning trajectory for what we might expect as prospective teachers develop an understanding of how to teach mathematics in technology-rich environments.
Radioimmunoassay of somatomedin-C in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus): A comparison of multiple techniques of measurement.

This study was undertaken to assess the nature of somatomedin-C (SM-C) in baboon (Papio cynocephalus) blood and to compare various methods for estimating SM-C concentrations. Parallel dose-response curves were obtained with normal baboon serum, normal human serum, and purified SM-C. Recovery of purified SM-C added to baboon serum over a wide dosage range (n = 17) was 111 ± 12%, with slightly better recovery at higher potencies. Chromatography of normal baboon serum on Sephadex G-200 at neutral pH produced a profile similar to that observed in the human, as did samples chromatographed on Sephadex G-50 in acid. Although the SM-C content in acid chromatographed plasma was approximately 2.5 times higher than in native unprocessed plasma, there was excellent correlation between the values (r = 0.9143, p < 0.0001). The SM-C in baboon plasma which had been preincubated with glycine HCl was approximately twice that of unprocessed plasma, but the correlation between the two methods was excellent (r = 0.9593, p < 0.0001). The correlation between values obtained after simple acid-ethanol extraction and those observed in unextracted plasma were also significant (r = 0.7689, p < 0.0001). Following a series of four injections of human growth hormone (hGH) to a normal baboon, plasma SM-C rose approximately sevenfold above the initial concentration and returned to basal levels five days after the final injection. These studies show that although the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for SM-C in unprocessed baboon plasma does not measure all of the SM-C present, it provides a reliable index of the total SM-C concentration and reflects GH status in the baboon.
Abstract 3839: The role of RhoA in human normal mammary epithelial cell immortalization, stem/progenitor cell self-renew, and differentiation

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC One of the earliest steps in oncogenic transformation of hMECs involves loss of senescence and continuous proliferation, a process referred to as immortalization. Delineation of biochemical pathways that mediate hMEC immortalization is therefore likely to provide answers to key questions about early breast cancer. RhoA GTPases are central players in many aspects of basic cell biology, There is little knowledge about the role of Rho in early breast cancer. Our recent findings have revealed the potential role of RhoA GTPase in early oncogenic transformation in breast cancer. We demonstrated that overexpression of constitutively-active RhoA, a Rho effector domain mutant, and the wild-type RhoA(WTRhoA), but not a dominant-negative Rho mutant, induces the immortalization of normal hMECs. This is highly significant as in breast and other cancers WTRhoA overexpression is seen but not mutation. Furthermore, we observed immortalization with a RhoA mutant T37A, that fails to interact with well known Rho effectors, Rho kinase, mDia1 and PKN, thus pointing towards a novel pathway that does not involve actin cytoskeleton organization, which may be a late event. In order to identify the molecular mechanism of RhoA-induced immortalization, we performed microarray expression profiling of RhoA-immortalized vs. parental cells and found alterations in expression of several genes (ELF3, ZNF217, S100P were overexpressed; DAB2, CLCA2, TFPI2, ALOX15B were downregulated) previously implicated in immortalization of mammary epithelial cells, and breast cancer progression. Our western blot and RT-PCR results showed that similar to immortal cells, the expression of these genes were altered in breast cancer cell lines. these results demonstrate that RhoA can induce the preneoplastic transformation of hMECs by altering multiple pathways linked to cellular transformation and breast cancer. There is increasing evidence that breast cancer originates in and is maintained by cancer stem cell (CSC) Which has stem cell properties, including self-renewal, tumorigenicity and multi-lineage differentiation capacity. A major hurdle in addressing how normal stem cell become CSC is the lack of in vitro human stem/progenitor cells that are immortal and can be deliberately manipulated to ask questions related to origins of CSC. Our current work showed that RhoA immortal cells express luminal, myoepithelial, basal, and stem cell markers (K8/18, E-cadherin, ESA, K5, K6, K14, p63, CD29, CD49f). Indicate that these cells may have stem/progenitor cell properties. It is important to further examine the role of RhoA in normal and cancer mammary stem/progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3839.
Multiplexing acousto-optic modulators to steer polychromatic laser beams

We demonstrate that two copropagating laser beams at different wavelengths may be deflected through the same angle by a conventional acousto-optic modulator driven with multitone radio frequency signals. The beams are effectively decoupled, permitting the modulation of one beam without affecting the other. To demonstrate the multiplexing technique, we modulate an ultrafast pulsed laser that copropagates with an unmodulated continuous wave laser in order to perform lock-in detection of weak four-wave mixing signals while simultaneously implementing active interferometric stabilization. Multiplexed acousto-optic modulation permits a broad range of polychromatic laser applications.
A general extension system for event processing languages

Event processing languages (EPLs) for Complex Event Processing (CEP) systems are descriptive in nature. This allows the authoring of event processing applications at a higher level of abstraction. However, they are less suitable for dealing with low- level tasks, such as String manipulation, and other programming- in-the-small problems. In addition, current EPL implementations lack the richness of other programming language libraries (e.g. Java), which have been built over several years of usage. We present an architecture whereby providers can integrate existing programming languages into CQL, our EPL language of choice, leveraging the advantages of other languages, while still retaining the expressiveness and conciseness of EPL. We also demonstrate how the architecture avoids the awkwardness of previous integration solutions, which generally were focused only at the function-level (e.g. User-Defined Functions, Java call outs). Rather, the outlined solution is realized at the language level, through the extension of language implementation artifacts, such as type systems; thus resulting in a seamless, precise, and naturally blended environment for developing CEP applications. The architecture is based upon the concept of extension cartridges, which are modules that provide metadata describing the extensions. Finally, we show how these extension cartridges may be used in real-world CEP scenarios.
Self-Seeded Fibers Formed by Sup35, the Protein Determinant of [PSI+], a Heritable Prion-like Factor of S. cerevisiae

The [PSI+] factor of S. cerevisiae represents a new form of inheritance: cytosolic transmission of an altered phenotype is apparently based upon inheritance of an altered protein structure rather than an altered nucleic acid. The molecular basis of its propagation is unknown. We report that purified Sup35 and subdomains that induce [PSI+] elements in vivo form highly ordered fibers in vitro. Fibers bind Congo red and are rich in beta sheet, characteristics of amyloids found in certain human diseases, including the prion diseases. Some fibers have distinct structures and these, once initiated, are self-perpetuating. Preformed fibers greatly accelerate fiber formation by unpolymerized protein. These data support a "protein-only" seeded polymerization model for the inheritance of [PSI+].
Lax pair, conserved currents, and hidden symmetry transformation for the Ernst equation

The matrix Ernst equation (a reduced form of the self-dual Yang-Mills equation) is written as the compatibility condition for solution of a linear “inverse scattering” system. This system is used to construct infinite sequences of nonlocal conserved charges, as well as an infinitesimal hidden symmetry transformation, for the Ernst equation.
CINEMA FOR AND ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST

(1985). CINEMA FOR AND ABOUT THE HOLOCAUST. Journal of Area Studies: Vol. 6, No. 12, pp. 35-36.
Exploring New Paradigms for Accessible 3D Printed Graphs

We explore new paradigms of representing bar graphs with 3D printing technology. Our goal is to make graphs more accessible to blind people. We co-designed with one blind participant and two teachers for the visually impaired (TVI) to refine our paradigms and created prototypes of bar graphs of varying levels of complexity with each paradigm. The paradigms we developed include: embossed graphs that are similar to traditional tactile graphics, freestanding graphs with guidelines connecting bars to the y-axis, and freestanding graphs with tick marks on each bar. We developed prototypes of a bar graph displaying one dataset, and a bar graph displaying two datasets.
Introduction to computational continnum dynamics: A personal perspective

This is a survey of some open questions in the computational aspects of continuum (solid, liquid, gas, plasma, multiphase or multimaterial) dynamics.
Missed opportunity for stem-cell research.

President Bush recently vetoed the bill passed by Congress (HR 810: Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005) that would have expanded federally supported embryonic stem-cell research. He stated that the bill violated the sanctity of human life by destroying embryos left over from the
Introduction: Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: A Call for Innovative Research

Eliminating racial and ethnic disparities in health is not a new challenge for health education. This commentary highlights the contributions of articles emerging from the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) summit on health disparities and calls for new partners with which SOPHE can collaborate to move forward a transdisciplinary approach to research
Adaptive Network Flow Clustering

Flow level measurements are used to provide insights into the traffic flow crossing a network link. However, existing flow based network detection devices lack adaptive reconfigure functions when facing large number of flow sources such as spoofed attacks. The cache memory for storing flow records and the CPU for processing and/or exporting them could be increasing dramatically beyond what are available. The static sampling technique could not alleviate the issue totally. Instead it missed the ability to log accurately network traffic information. In this paper, we use Fuzzy Logic to achieve adaptive flow clustering. It reacts to the abrupt changes of flow numbers caused by flooding attack or any other attacks, and suggests a best clustering level. Therefore, large amount of flows are aggregated into a few flows in a real time. Our experiments demonstrate that the adaptive flow clustering prevents huge amount of malicious flows from exhausting memories and CPU resources while guarantees the legitimate flows.
Averaging of Dilute Random Media: A Rigorous Proof of the Clausius–Mossotti Formula

We consider a large number of randomly dispersed spherical, identical, inclusions in a bounded domain, with conductivity different than that of the host medium. In the dilute limit, with some mild assumptions on the first few marginal probability densities (no periodicity or stationarity is assumed), we prove convergence in the H1 norm of the expectation of the solution of the steady state heat equation to the solution of an effective medium problem, where the conductivity is given by the Clausius–Mossotti formula. Error estimates are provided as well.
Spectrophotometric studies of lower oxidation states of technetium

Summary_-The spectrophotometric behaviour of lower oxidation states of technetium, obtamed by reducing pertechnetate under different conditions by various methods, has been examined. Contrary to some of the previously advanced conclusions regarding the ascorbic acid reduction of pertechnetate. it was found that the technetium is reduced to a quadrivalent state. The latter product does not appear to involve a tightly-bound ascorbate species; neither does it significantly react or complex with cc-picolinic acid to give a new species. THE lower oxidation states of technetium resulting from chemical or electrochemical reduction of technetiumv’I, present as pertechnetate in solution, have not been clearly defined for a variety of reactions. l Surveys of the polarographic reduction patterns of technetiumvII solutions,2p3 supplemented by more detailed studies,4-6 begin to decrease the uncertainties involved in characterising the lower oxidation levels. Spectrophotometric data should provide further information regarding the technetium species involved, but the data so far reported are limited and somewhat contradictory. The absorption spectrum of pertechnetate ion is well known’** and a technetiumv-thiocyanate system has been carefully characterised.9 Spectra have also been given for technetiumIv and technetiumrrrs~ll and undefined lower states,lO sometimes over very narrow ranges of wavelength and for unspecified concentrations. The present paper presents additional data relating to the spectrophotometry of technetium ter- and quadrivalent states. Based on evidence now available, a reinterpretation is suggested for the technetium v*vr-a-picolinate spectrophotometric method.lO
Theory of Pressure Dependence of the Density of States and Reflectivity of Selenium

The pressure dependence of the density of states and the reflectivity of trigonal Se is calculated using a new self-consistent pseudopotential technique. The results show that pressure-dependent reflectivity experiments may be interpreted without the need for microscopic fields.
LabVIEW and Measure Foundry Based Data Acquisition System for Mechanical Engineering Technology Laboratories

Since the ASYST data acquisition and analysis software was discontinued and the old versions of ASYST do not support new computer operating systems and new data acquisition boards, old computer data acquisition (CDAQ) system is being replaced with a new data acquisition system. The new microcomputer based data acquisition system consists of an i-3 microcomputer with 3.0 GHz CPU and Windows-7 operating system, a Data Translation (DT) DT-304, 12-bit, 400 MHz data acquisition board with STP-300 screw terminal, Data Translation Measure Foundry (DT-MF) software and DT-LV link software [2], a National Instruments (NI) PCI-6250, M-series, low level, 16-bit, 1.25 MS/s board with 4-module SCC-68 I/O Connector Block, four thermocouple-input plug-in modules and NI LabVIEW (NI-LV) software [4]. Data Translation’s DT-LV software links DT boards with NI-LV software. Most ASYST-based data acquisition and analysis application programs used in Mechanical Engineering Technology (MET) courses have been converted to NI-LV and DT-MF application programs.Purpose of this paper is to describe how our old data acquisition application programs were converted to new data acquisition application programs so that they may be used with our new data acquisition system. Descriptions of the experiments, equipment used, and experiences gained with laboratory experiments are given elsewhere [8–13]. Specifically: Reference [8] covers upgrades made to the Materials Testing Laboratory, including Tinius-Olsen [14] tensile testing machine; reference [9] covers design and development of data acquisition programs for the materials testing, including Tensile Testing of Materials experiment; references [11] and [12] cover Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) experiments and use of DAQ system in these experiments; reference [13] cover all uses of DAQ system in MET at University of Maryland Eastern Shore (UMES).Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Perfectly alternating segmented polyimide-polydimethyl siloxane copolymers via transimidization

New strategies for the synthesis of perfectly alternating segmented polyimide-polydimethyl siloxane copolymers were developed by utilizing a transimidization method. Imide oligomers endcapped with 2-aminopyrimidine were reacted with aminopropyl terminated (dimethyl siloxane) oligomers to afford perfectly alternating segmented imide siloxane copolymers. The polymerization was conducted in solvents such as chlorobenzene and chloroform. High molecular weight, fully imidized perfectly alternating segmented imide siloxane copolymers were obtained within 2 h at temperatures of 60-110°C. The mechanism of the reaction was further elucidated via model compounds and NMR characterization
Norms of Self-Determination: Thinking Sovereignty Through

This essay is an exploration of the contemporary normative conditions of thinking about the problem of sovereignty. Specifically it is a consideration of some aspects of the way in which the problem of Third World sovereignty has been taken up and argued out in international relations theory and international law on the legal-political terrain of self-determination. The essay traces the transformation of the norm of self-determination as an anti-colonial standard to its post-Cold War re-composition as a norm of democratic governance.
Synergistic effects of hybrid graphitic nanofillers on simultaneously enhanced wear and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites

Abstract In this study, hybrids of organosilane-functionalized graphitic nano-materials, nanofibers (GNFs, 1-D) and nanoplatelets (GNPs, 2-D) were applied to fabricate high-density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites with simultaneously enhanced wear and mechanical properties. Organosilane as a surfactant was shown to effectively assist the nanofiller–polymer matrix interactions, filler dispersion and distribution, GNP interlayer sliding motion, as well as the establishment of a filler network. The ratio of weight percentage (wt%) of silane coated onto GNP relative to GNF (defined as factor R ) was adjusted by the amount of surfactant. The results indicated that hybrid nanofillers consisting of the GNF and GNP with the highest wt% ratio of silane coating on GNP compared to that of GNF suggested a synergistic effect on the improvements in both wear resistance and storage modulus of the nanocomposites. Compared to the pure polymer, the wear resistance of the hybrid GNF–GNP composite with the highest factor R was improved by 89%; the storage modulus was increased: up to 70% at −70 °C, and 83% at room temperature.
Reproductive maturation in a sample of captive male baboons.

Though baboons have been considered an appropriate non- human primate model for studying human reproductive and endocrine development, the overall similarity of reproductive maturation between the two species is unclear. This paper examines the role of testicular and adrenal hormones for pubertal changes in a cross-sectional sample of 21 captive male savanna baboons. Morphometric and hormonal in- dices demonstrate changes in size and gonadal function, but not adrenal function, during pubertal maturation among baboons. Results also indicate that gonadal, but not adrenal, androgens are related to morphometric variables. We conclude that savanna baboons do not make an appropriate evolutionary model of human pubertal matura- tion.
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane

Bicyclo[1.1.0]butane product: bicyclo[1.1.0]butane byproduct: cyclobutene Keywords: annulation, carbocyclic-[M,N]; cyclization, free radical-carbenoid/nitrenoid; elimination, dehalogenation; gas storage tube; vacuum manifold system
The Impact of the National Institute for Health Research on Regional Intensive Care Research: A Case Study from Cumbria and Lancashire

This article illustrates the regional experience of participation in research following the introduction of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Comprehensive Local Research Networks (CLRNs) and the Critical Care Specialty Groups. Prior to this, research was focused in academic centres and tertiary hospitals. Clinicians in smaller regional hospitals had little opportunity or support to participate in clinical trials or other important studies. CLRNs were introduced to ensure that NHS research funding is spread widely throughout the NHS, ensuring all patients can potentially benefit from participation. This maximises research efficiency and results are likely to be more generalisable to the whole NHS, which may lead to wider and more rapid translation of positive studies into clinical practice.
Morphologic changes in rat parotid following isoproterenol administration and fractionated X‐irradiation

The effects of fractionated X-irradiation following isoproterenol (1PN) administration on rat parotid gland were studied 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-irradiation. Degenerative and necrotic changes of the acinar cells were observed at all three time intervals as a result of the radiation. These changes were more obvious 4 and 8 weeks post-irradiation and isoproterenol administration. The necrotic acinar cells were replaced by fibrous connective tissue, especially conspicuous at 12 weeks. Reparative changes were observed along with the degenerative and regressive phenomena of the gland. Enlarged acinar cells and nuclei were observed as early as 4 weeks post-irradiation. This change was locally distributed at the 4–week interval but more widespread 8 and 12 weeks post-irradiation. Mitochondria! hyperplasia with alteration of mitochondria! cristae was observed 12 weeks post-irradiation. Proliferation of cells of ductal origin and nodular proliferation of ducts were observed 12 weeks after isoproterenol administration plus X-irradiation. These proliferative phenomena may represent an early stage of tumor formation resulting from the combined effect of isoproterenol and X-irradiation on rat parotid gland.
SaTScan on a Cloud: On-Demand Large Scale Spatial Analysis of Epidemics

By using cloud computing it is possible to provision on- demand resources for epidemic analysis using computer intensive applications like SaTScan. Using 15 virtual machines (VM) on the Nimbus cloud we were able to reduce the total execution time for the same ensemble run from 8896 seconds in a single machine to 842 seconds in the cloud. Using the caBIG tools and our iterative software development methodology the time required to complete the implementation of the SaTScan cloud system took approximately 200 man-hours, which represents an effort that can be secured within the resources available at State Health Departments. The approach proposed here is technically advantageous and practically possible.
Double-Chambered Left Ventricle Complete Characterization by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography

A 22-year-old physically active man with no significant medical history was referred for evaluation of a cardiac murmur. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed a possible lateral wall aneurysm in the left ventricle (LV). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed with a 1.5-T clinical magnet. The examination consisted of the quantification of biventricular function with cine imaging; T1, T2, and proton density–weighted dark blood sequences; evaluation of first-pass myocardial perfusion; and the acquisition of delayed images for the presence of hyperenhancement. A large aneurysm-like structure …
Availability of sensitive information on U.S. government web pages

This paper will help attendees understand the struggle that government agencies in the United States face when trying to uphold two diametrically opposed goals, transparency in information versus opaqueness in information, resulting in a semi-transparent state of e-government. I will explain some of the reasons why sensitive information is being withheld from government web pages, specifically information that may be useful to terrorists. I also explain why this same information should be made available to the public. Using radioactive materials as an example, I identify the various types of information that are currently available and not available on the internet. In the future, legislative action could be used to resolve inconsistent information restrictions by the various government agencies. Also, restricted information could be reviewed by an independent third party to verify if the classification is correct. Future research opportunities include impacts of data mining, webcasts, and social portals on government web pages.
Severe Romiplostim-Induced Rebound Thrombocytopenia After Splenectomy for Refractory ITP

Objective: To report a case of severe rebound thrombocytopenia after temporary discontinuation of romiplostim during splenectomy in the context of refractory immune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Case Summary: A 65-year-old man with a history of severe refractory ITP failing multiple treatments was considered for romiplostim therapy. He was initiated on 1 µg/kg and titrated upward to 4 µg/kg to elevate and stabilize his platelet levels prior to splenectomy. On day 74 of his clinical course, his platelets increased to 434 × 109/L, and his scheduled dose of romiplostim was withheld on day 75 for fear of romiplostim-induced postsplenectomy rebound thrombocytosis. On day 78, his platelets dropped precipitously to 9 × 109/L, and he experienced multiple episodes of epistaxis. He was reinitiated at 5 µg/kg and soon recovered. He later missed a scheduled dose of romiplostim, and his platelets fell to 23 × 109/L. After resuming romiplostim at 8 µg/kg, his platelets continued to recover. Discussion: R...
Dimethyl 3‐Methylenecyclobutane‐1,2‐Dicarboxylate

Dimethyl 3-methylenecyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate reactant: 250 g. of maleic anhydride intermediate: 3-methylenecyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride byproduct: 2–5% of propargylsuccinic anhydride product: dimethyl 3-methylenecyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylate Keywords: annulation, carbocyclic-[4]; cyclization, cycloaddition; esterification, of dicarboxylic acids; autoclaves and pressure reactors, stirred or rocking autoclaves for cycloaddition reactions
Active layer-incorporated, spectrally tuned Au/SiO2 core/shell nanorod-based light trapping for organic photovoltaics.

We demonstrate that incorporation of octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS)-functionalized, spectrally tuned, gold/silica (Au/SiO2) core/shell nanospheres and nanorods into the active layer of an organic photovoltaic (OPV) device led to an increase in photoconversion efficiency (PCE). A silica shell layer was added onto Au core nanospheres and nanorods in order to provide an electrically insulating surface that does not interfere with carrier generation and transport inside the active layer. Functionalization of the Au/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles with the OTMS organic ligand was then necessary to transfer the Au/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles from an ethanol solution into an OPV polymer-compatible solvent, such as dichlorobenzene. The OTMS-functionalized Au/SiO2 core/shell nanorods and nanospheres were then incorporated into the active layers of two OPV polymer systems: a poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCB60M) OPV device and a poly[2,6-4,8-di(5-ethylhexylthienyl)benzo[1...
Effects of electroporation on cellular responses to high-intensity electrical shocks

The response of cardiac cells to the external electrical field is a crucial factor contributing to the success and failure of defibrillation. We aimed to determine a possible contribution of electroporation to optically recorded response during high-intensity shocks. We applied 10 ms anodal and cathodal stimuli of different intensities to the rabbit heart epicardium during plateau phase of the action potential with 6-mm-diameter electrode. Transmembrane potential changes were monitored directly under the electrode by an optical technique using voltage-sensitive dye. As stimulus current was increased from 0 to 160 mA/cm/sup 2/, the shock-induced transmembrane potential changes (AV,) also increased while the resting potential after the stimulation remains constant. At higher current densities (> 160 mA/cm/sup 2/) effects of electroporation were observed: (a) after the initial rapid change at the stimulus onset AV. quickly declined resulting in gradual decreasing of the final /spl Delta/Vm with increasing of the stimulus strength; (b) post-repolarization elevation of resting potential gradually increased as the stimulus strength increased. These results demonstrate that during strong electrical shocks electroporation changes in transmembrane potential traces are present for hyperpolarized as well as depolarized stimuli of a similar strength. This can explain the multiphasic nature of cellular responses reported for strong electric stimuli.
The role of the blood in the temperature dependence of oxidative metabolism in decapod crustaceans. I. Intraspecific responses to seasonal differences in temperature

Total oxygen uptake in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus doubles with a rise in ambient temperature in the range 15–25°C, and increases precipitously (Q10=4.92) in the range 5–15°C. Both systemic and cellular phenomena are responsible for the pattern. At summer temperatures, where motor activities are maximal, the oxygen affinity of blue crab hemocyanin is low, and considerable volumes of oxygen are delivered to the tissues. At winter temperatures, where feeding and locomotion virtually cease, the hemocyanin-oxygen (HcO2) affinity is so high that little oxygen can be extracted by the tissue and O2 is transported entirely in the free form. At the transitional temperature of 15°C, a seasonal acclimation of HcO2 affinity permits appreciable oxygen delivery to the tissues in the spring, but curtails oxygen delivery in the fall. Both muscle and hepatopancreas utilize the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) in carbohydrate metabolism. Specific activities of the enzymes participating in the HMS are greater in hepatopancreas than muscle, and the sensitivity of O2 uptake to the glycolytic inhibitor iodoacetate (10−2 M) is smaller. The temperature dependence of O2 uptake in the range 15–25°C is much smaller in hepatopancreas than in muscle. The ratio of C-1/C-6 labeled glucose utilization indicates that, at low temperature, the activity of the HMS in hepatopancreas is five times greater than that of glycolysis. Thus, the low thermal sensitivity of O2 uptake in hepatopancreas appears to be due to a change in the relative contribution of the two pathways to total carbohydrate metabolism. There is no evidence of a compensatory response of intermediary metabolism in muscle, which comprises the major fraction of total biomass. The thermal dependence of O2 uptake by the animal exceeds that of either hepatopancreas or muscle, due to the large increase in HcO2 affinity, and hence a decrease in tissue O2 supply, at low temperature.
Measurement of the effective length of laser-plasma channels by guided microwave backscattering

Laser triggered gas switches are critical components in many pulsed power driven systems, such as ZR at Sandia National Laboratories. Timing jitter is of concern is such systems, where power flow from multiple modules must be switched to a load simultaneously. Laser triggered gas switches utilize a laser-produced plasma channel (LPPC) to initiate breakdown between electrodes biased to ∼ 80% of breakdown voltage. The effective length of the LPPC is an important parameter affecting the breakdown timing. Backscattering of microwaves inside a waveguide by an LPPC, introduced by focusing the trigger laser through holes in the broad wall, has been used to characterize effective length of the channel. Simulations indicate that the backscattering is sensitive to the LPPC conductor length both inside and outside the waveguide. A quarter wavelength stub has therefore been introduced outside of the waveguide, to short circuit the LPPC conductor to the waveguide wall, while still allowing laser access. Theoretical, computational, and initial plasma channel experimental results, as well as comparisons with other diagnostics, are presented.
The Data Quality Monitoring Software for the CMS experiment at the LHC

The Data Quality Monitoring (DQM) Software is a central tool in the CMS experiment. Its flexibility allows for integration in several key environments: online, for real-time detector monitoring; offline, for the final, fine-grained data certification; release validation, to constantly validate the functionalities and the performance of the reconstruction software; in Monte Carlo productions. Since the end of data taking at a center of mass energy of 8 TeV, the environment in which the DQM lives has undergone fundamental changes. In this contribution the usage of the DQM software in the different environments and its integration in the CMS Reconstruction Software Framework (CMSSW) and in all production workflows are presented, with emphasis on recent developments and improvement in advance of the LHC restart at 13 TeV.
Modeling of Structures Subjected to Wind Generated Waves

The difficulties inherent in the direct determination of loads on off-shore structures which are exposed simultaneously to wind and waves make it desirable to model each situation in the laboratory It is shown here that scaling of the loads and the waves is possible by using waves which are generated by blowing air over the surface of a laboratory channel, and by choosing a model material with an appropriate modulus of elasticity Wind-generated waves such as those measured m the wind water tunnel of Colorado State University have a dimensionless spectrum (Hidy and Plate (1965)) that is identical in shape to that found off the coast of Florida under hurricane conditions (Collins (1966)) Furthermore, it has been shown that hydro-elastic modeling is quite feasible (LeMehaute (1966)) These two results are combined to give modeling criteria for off-shore structures if direct wind forces are disregarded.
APPLYING BEHAVIOR ANALYTIC PROCEDURES TO EFFECTIVELY TEACH LITERACY SKILLS IN THE CLASSROOM

The purpose of this article is to discuss the application of behavior analytic procedures for advancing and evaluating methods for teaching literacy skills in the classroom. Particularly, applied behavior analysis has contributed substantially to examining the relationship between teacher behavior and student literacy performance. Teacher behaviors that are aligned with applied behavior analysis and that have been shown to improve students’ literacy performance include creating task analyses; modeling, prompting, and fading; providing frequent active response opportunities; giving performance feedback; using reinforcement contingencies; providing systematic review; and programming for generalization. These behaviors are discussed using examples from research.
Reproduction and Young of the Florida Wood Rat, Neotoma f. floridana (Ord)

Little has been recorded on the reproduction and growth of young Neotoma f. floridana, although accounts of the subspecies of floridana and related species are available (English, 1923; Warren, 1926; Gander, 1929; Svihla and Svihla, 1933; Donat, 1933; Wood, 1935; Poole, 1936, 1940; Vestal, 1938; Vorhies and Taylor, 1940; Richardson, 1943; Linsdale and Tevis, 1951). The present report is based on captive Florida wood rats collected in the region of Sarasota, Florida by William Hegener and shipped to me in the early spring of 1950. These animals were taken in swamps three miles east of Venice, Sarasota County. Mr. Hegener believes that wood rats do not occur south of this locality. When shipping the specimens, Hegener wrote in reference to the nest site and young (in litt. March 21, 1950): "I was trapping for cotton rats (eight miles east of Tampa, Florida on March 21, 1950) in the dead, high sunflower stalks which surround the dried-up part of this swamp. The purpose was to get cotton rats with infection of microfilariae. In the middle of the swamp are willows and high ground, which even in the rainy season is a little above water. Under one large willow I found a one and a halffoot nest, made of dry sticks up to an inch in diameter, and dry leaves. The sticks and leaves reached in height about 3 inches over a low-slung thick branch of the willow bush. While I was wondering about this peculiarly built and located 'alligator nest' I thought I saw a flash of a fast moving animal into this rubbish heap. Upon investigation I observed two rather large entrance holes into the rubbish pile.... We returned to the nest with nets.... We took the pile carefully apart until we hit a populous colony of large bull ants.... When we had the entire pile levelled to the ground we decided that I had imagined things, since we had carefully watched that no animal would escape unnoticed.... I looked under the thick branch of the willow tree, after clearing off the rubbish pile, now about a foot above the ground. Underneath it I found a hole, going into the partly dried upper branch. A whitish tail end stuck out of it. I poked in the hole with a stick and removed a female pack rat with one baby hanging on its teat.... The pack rat has from two to three, sometimes four, which the females carry for about two months." This is the information we have on nesting of the Florida wood rat at its southern limits! I have searched the 'glade country for Neotoma sign but have not found them south of the limits Hegener indicates. Probably these rats occur in the recesses of the swamps farther south; others may find them in time. (A paper on Neotoma f. floridana by Pearson (1952) appeared after the present report had been submitted for publication. The data on growth of the young are essentially the same. Pearson indicates gestation may be 33 to 39 days. Other data closely agree with the present study.) The animals in this study were kept in sizeable hardware cloth cages in an outdoor animal shed. The shed was shaded by a canopy of leaves on trees that re180 Vol. 34, No. 2
Metabolism of renin activity in three canine models: isolated liver, acute hepatic necrosis and chronic toxic hepatitis.

1. Hepatic metabolism of renin activity was studied in seven normal dogs, twelve dogs with acute hepatic allograft rejection, five dogs with chronic toxic hepatitis and in seven isolated canine liver preparations. 2. Renin activity was measured by radioimmunoassay in hepatic arterial, portal venous, and hepatic venous plasma (PRA), in bile (BRA) and in perfusate (PsRA). 3. There was a significant gradient of PRA across the normal liver (P 4. There was no significant PRA gradient across the liver of dogs with allograft rejection (acute hepatic necrosis). 5. Dogs with chronic toxic hepatitis showed decreased fractional extraction of PRA but otherwise their data were normal. 6. There was a significant difference between portal venous PRA (8.69 ±1.51 ng ml−1h−1) and hepatic arterial PRA (5.67±1.91 ng ml−1h−1) (P 7. BRA accounted for only 0.04% of hepatic extraction of PRA, suggesting that more important mechanisms for hepatic renin metabolism are binding or destruction of renin by the hepatic tissue.