cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kappa Chain (VχIII) Subgroup‐Related Activity in an Idiotypic Anti‐Cold Agglutinin Serum

In a search for H- or L-chain-related cross-idiotypic specificity among human anti-I and anti-i cold agglutinins, two idiotypic antisera raised against the IgMkappa cold agglutinin Da were tested for their binding activity to isolated cold agglutinin H and L chains. Negligible H-chain binding activity was found, but there was high-titre L-chain binding activity in one of the antisera. This was an unsuspected VkappaIII subgroup activity which enabled the classification of VkappaIII proteins into three subgroups. The kappa chains of five out of six anti-I and anti-i cold agglutinins belonged to the antigenically most active VkappaIII subgroup. Absorption of the idiotypic antiserum with a Bence Jones protein of this latter subgroup did not appreciably alter the precipitating cross-idiotypic activity of the antiserum when tested with intect cold agglutinins. However, these studies do not rule out the possible existence of a VkappaIII subgroup-associated conformational antigen in an intact Fab region, which is seen as a 'cross idiotypic' antigen by heterologous (rabbit anti-human) antisera.
A variance analysis of angular momentum in stellar and planetary atmospheres

For purposes of studying the dynamics of stellar and planetary atmospheres, a system of balance equations is derived for the square of the absolute angular momentum, for the square of its zonal average and for its variance along the length of closed latitude circles. Pressure and frictional forces are included, but magnetic effects are not considered at present. As discussed by the first author previously, limitations on possible axisymmetric flows lead to criteria defining forbidden regimes. Physical pictures of the manner in which nonzonal eddies alter the variance of angular momentum are outlined for certain systems. An argument is made to suggest that thermal forcing of the pure eddy type (perhaps like Rayleigh convection) tends to establish an equatorial acceleration in stellar and certain planetary atmospheres, through negative eddy viscous effects. A significantly more general set of balance equations is derived in an appendix. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1972.tb01535.x
Sex Difference and Task Effects in Lateralization of EEG-Alpha

Hemispheric lateralization of alpha band power in the temporal (T3/T4) EEG was studied in 11 subjects, 5 females and 6 males, performing 7 tasks, including Block Designs, Mental Letter, Embedded Figures Test, and Rod and Frame Test. Each block of 7 tasks was repeated 4 times. The findings indicate that, depending on the task, males are more consistently right-or left-lateralized, than females. While males tend to adopt consistent processing strategies on tasks such as Block Designs, the Rod and Frame Test, or Mental Letter, females fail to show consistent lateralization across replications. The findings are intepreted in terms of the effects of socialization on both task performance and cerebral lateralization.
Optimal release time during airway pressure release ventilation in neonatal sheep

OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the effect of altering release time during airway pressure release ventilation in a neonatal animal model before and after oleic acid-induced acute lung injury. DESIGN Prospective, nonrandomized, controlled study with repeated measures. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Eight neonatal sheep (aged 0.4 sec (approximately 3 tau or greater). PaO2 decreased with release times of < 0.3 sec, but the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference was unchanged. In this protocol, with higher plateau and mean airway pressures, oleic acid-induced acute lung injury had no effect on the relationship between release time and oxygenation or ventilation. CONCLUSIONS In this neonatal laboratory model, release times that were much shorter than previously reported maintained clinically acceptable oxygenation and ventilation. The optimal duration of the release time is a function of the time constant of the respiratory system. During airway pressure release ventilation, alveolar ventilation was maintained without apparent lung volume loss with release times of between 4 tau and 10 tau.
TUBERCULIN HYPERSENSITIVENESS IN NON-TUBERCULOUS GUINEA PIGS INDUCED BY INJECTIONS OF BACILLUS-FREE FILTRATES

1. When a guinea pig with well developed peritoneal tuberculosis is injected intraperitoneally with about 20 cc. of a heavy suspension of a virulent tubercle bacillus (Culture H37) death occurs within 24 hours or the animal becomes extremely toxic. Such a peritoneal tuberculosis develops in about 1 month after 1 cc. of. a very heavy suspension of Culture H37 has been introduced into the abdominal cavity. If the viscid fluid which is contained within the peritoneal cavity is mixed with saline solution and passed through a Berkefeld filter a bacillus-free filtrate is obtained which induces in normal guinea pigs a certain degree of cutaneous hypersensitiveness to tuberculin. 2. The abdominal organs and the parietal peritoneum, to which masses of leucocytes and tubercle bacilli are adherent, when crushed and extracted with saline solution yield a filtrate which likewise induces a cutaneous hypersensitiveness. 3. The cutaneous hypersensitiveness does not appear before the 7th or 8th day after the filtrate injection and is therefore considered to be the result of an active sensitization of the animal.
A quantum state of ultra-low phase noise

Abstract A novel photon phase state is proposed that is similar to a recently advanced state by J.H. Shapiro, S.R. Shepard and N. Wong, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989) 2377. The new state given here has a phase distribution Wϕ that has a sharply-peaked central maximum with a superposed broad background. The phase noise associated with the width of the best-fitting gaussian to the central peak decreases exponentially with increasing mean photon number. The state is mathematically more tractable and perhaps physically more realizable than previous constructions.
Diabetes and "Defective" Genes in the Twentieth-Century United States

In the decades following the discovery of insulin, eugenicists grew concerned that more diabetics would survive into their reproductive years and contribute "defective" genes to the gene pool. Insulin thus came to be seen as both a blessing for the individual and a problem for the future of humankind. Nevertheless, diabetics in the United States were neither prevented nor discouraged from reproducing. I argue that this stemmed from the widespread belief that diabetes was a disease primarily of middle-class whites, who possessed positive traits that outweighed their particular genetic defect. Historians of eugenics have demonstrated convincingly that race and class stereotypes made some populations more vulnerable to coercive eugenic practices. The case of diabetes demonstrates that race and class stereotypes could also confer protection. In the end, possession of a defective gene mattered less than the perception of one's contribution to society.
Nutrition Risk Assessment and Blood Transfusion

Abstract As a measure of physiological fitness, serum albumin aids in the identification of nutrition risk and, therefore potential for effective intervention. This study was undertaken to determine differences in the likelihood of blood transfusion among patients screened for nutrition risk including comparison of serum albumin levels. One hundred and ninety-eight nutrition assessment records, complete with admission values for serum albumin, were retrospectively reviewed for patients admitted to a rural referral center in North Central Ohio. A comparison of serum albumin, red blood cell transfusion, and nutrition risk assessment was completed. The standard screening criteria used by dietitians to evaluate a patient's nutritional status for purposes of assigning nutrition risk categories included, a) weight less than 80% ideal body weight or recent weight loss of 5% or more in 30 days, b) serum albumin less than 3.5g/dl, or c) diagnosis of malnutrition or other diagnosis routinely associated with prolonged poor oral intake. Absence of these risk factors placed a patient in nutrition risk levels I or II, while presence of one or more risk factors placed a patient in nutrition risk levels III or IV Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test. Eighty-one percent (n= 161) of the records reviewed showed evidence of nutrition risk, placing the patients in nutrition risk levels III or IV Serum albumins for level HI and IV patients were not significantly different from those of level I and II patients Twenty patients, all level III and IV nutrition risk, received red blood cell transfusions during the hospital course. As a group, the transfused patients had significantly lower serum albumin levels on admission than non-transfused patients (p The results of this study indicate that transfusion of blood products during hospital stay are associated with patients in higher nutrition risk categories. Patients with increased nutrition risk, who subsequently receive transfusions, have overall lower serum albumin levels than non-transfused patients.
Analysis of thermal ignition in the supersonic mixing layer

Ignition in a laminar supersonic mixing layer between two parallel streams of initially separated reactants is studied both numerically and through the use of large activation energy asymptotics. The asymptotic analysis provides a description of ignition characteristics over the entire range of system parameters. In particular, it is demonstrated that, for small values of viscous heating, the ignition distance scales approximately linearly with the freestream Mach number, whereas for large viscous heating it decreases rapidly due to the temperature-sensitive nature of the reaction rate. This indicates the potential of using local flow retardation to enhance ignition rather than relying solely on external heating. The asymptotic analysis further identifies several distinct ignition situations, yielding results that compare well with those obtained from the full numerical calculation. The effects of flow nonsimilarity are also assessed and are found to be more prominent for the mixing layer flow in comparison to the flat-plate configuration studied previously.
Reduced infection in mosquitoes exposed to blood meals containing previously frozen flaviviruses

The increased difficulty and expense of using live animals for delivering infectious blood meals in arthropod-borne virus vector competence experiments has resulted in an increase in the use of artificial feeding systems. Compared to live hosts, artificial systems require higher viral titers to attain mosquito infection, thereby limiting the utility of such systems with low or moderate titer virus stocks. Based on the report that freshly propagated virus is more infectious than previously frozen virus, we determined whether such a preparation would enhance the ability to use artificial feeding systems. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were offered blood in artificial membrane feeders containing freshly collected or previously frozen St. Louis encephalitis and dengue serotype-2 viruses (family Flaviviridae), respectively. Infection rates and estimates of vector competence were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for mosquitoes feeding on blood meals containing frozen–thawed compared to freshly collected virus. We indicate that the use of freshly propagated virus in artificial feeding systems can be an effective blood delivery method for low-titer viruses and viruses that are otherwise inefficient at infecting vectors in such systems. Fresh viruses used in artificial feeding systems may be a viable alternative to the heavily regulated and expensive use of live animals.
Rules and games

This paper reconsiders the relationship between the rules of a game and its outcomes. We develop a notion of rule reform that leads to the selection of Pareto improved equilibria points. We then apply this notion to a series of naturally occurring fishing rules, including examples from Malaysia, India, Brazil, Turkey, and Canada. We show that reforming a game is conceptually akin to reforming an economy.
Sliding-mode control for singularly perturbed systems

This paper addresses the design of sliding-mode controllers for singularly perturbed systems. The full-order system is separated into slow and fast subsystems and a sliding-mode controller is designed for each subsystem. A composite of these controls is then implemented on the full-order system. It is shown that if specific reaching conditions are satisfied for the reduced-order models and an additional condition is met, then the reaching conditions are also satisfied for the full-order model. Furthermore, sufficient conditions are derived which guarantee that the approximation error between the controlled reduced-order response and the controlled full-order model response is small. A numerical example is given which successfully demonstrates the techniques developed in this paper.
R-reliable intervals and confidences for the lifetime of a parallel system

Abstract In this discussion, R-reliable intervals for the life-time of a parallel system, based on order statistics, are obtained. The failure distributions for the individual components are assumed to have densities of the form 1/ θ X i f(x i θ X i ) where X i , for i = 1, 2, …, n, are the failure times for the components in the parallel system and θ X i s are the scale parameters for the failure times X i . A relationship between the confidence of the R-reliable interval for the total lifetime of the parallel system and the confidences of the R-reliable intervals for the lifetimes of the individual components is investigated. A bound for the confidence of the R-reliable interval for the total lifetime of the system is obtained. Examples for n=3 are presented.
An evaluation of standardizing target ventilation for eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation using FEV1.

Athletes are required to provide objective documentation of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) to use β2‐agonists during Olympic competition. A positive response to bronchial provocation by eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) is considered acceptable confirmation of EIB. Thirty times forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) is recommended as EVH target ventilation (TV), an intensity intended to estimate 85% of maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV). There is a paucity of data examining the accuracy of predicting MVV from FEV1 in elite athletes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 30 × FEV1 as standardized EVH TV. Maximal minute ventilation during exercise (VEmax) and pulmonary function of 78 elite winter athletes (25 males, 53 females; 25 EIB positive, 53 normal) were analyzed retrospectively. Adequacy and variability of the equation was ascertained by examining the ratio of EVH TV (30 × FEV1) to VEmax. VEmax was 99 ± 11% of predicted MVV (35 × FEV1) and was pos...
Hepatic scintigraphic changes associated with gestational trophoblastic disease

We reviewed the results of radionuclide liver imaging in 70 patients newly referred for evaluation and treatment of persistent gestational trophoblastic tumors. Some 58 patients (83%) had abnormal liver scans but no focal defects and no discernible hepatic malignancy. These diffusely abnormal scans may reflect chemotherapeutic and/or hormonal effects on the liver and should not be interpreted as indicative of metastases.[/ ]
As the npr twig was bent: objectives, strategic gaps, and speculations

This essay directs critical attention at the National Performance Review, which is seen as seriously flawed. NPR objectives get attention, and especially to provide a context for three strategic gaps in NPR texts. These gaps deal with values, structure, and interaction, in turn, and are in turn curious, consequential, and even crucial, for reasons that are illustrated by selective developments from research, experience, and theory. The essay concludes with several speculations that do double-duty: they permit some insight about those two gaps in NPR texts, and they generally diminish the credibility of proposals in the texts containing these gaps.
Wireless Streaming of Interactive Multi-View Video via Network Compression and Path Diversity

We formulate a system framework for network compression of interactive multi-view streaming video. The setup comprises a media server that delivers the content over two independent network paths to a client. Our system features a proxy-server located at the junction of the wired and wireless portions of each path. The proxy dynamically adapts the content data sent over the wireless links, in response to channel quality feedback from the client, such that video distortion at the client is minimized. We analyze the performance of our system and contrast its characteristics with dynamic content adaptation at the source and conventional streaming architectures, including scalable video. We numerically simulate the operation of all streaming systems under comparison and establish a close agreement between our analysis and the experimental findings. The proposed system delivers superior video quality over the reference competitors, while enabling notable transmission rate savings, at the same time.
Deconstructing PTSD: Traumatic Experiences, Posttraumatic Symptom Clusters, and Mental Health Problems among Delinquent Youth

This study investigated interrelations among trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters, and mental health problems among adjudicated adolescents. Girls scored higher than boys on measures of exposure to interpersonal trauma, PTSD symptom clusters, and mental health problems. Results of path analyses were consistent with the hypothesis that PTSD symptom clusters differentially mediate the relations between trauma exposure and mental health problems, with unique patterns of results for boys and girls. For all youth, avoidance mediated the association between trauma and internalizing symptoms whereas reexperiencing and arousal acted as mediators of externalizing. However, for boys only, noninterpersonal traumas also were related to PTSD symptoms, which in turn acted as mediators of internalizing. For girls only, reexperiencing and arousal acted as mediators of internalizing and associated symptoms of PTSD acted as a mediator of externalizing.
Effect of glucose concentration on activation of the ASK1–SEK1–JNK1 signal transduction pathway

Recently, acute total glucose deprivation has been shown to cause activation of ASK1-MEK-MAPK signal transduction and dissociation of glutaredoxin (GRX) from apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). In this study, we investigated whether clinically relevant concentrations (0.01-0.1 mM) of glucose promote ASK1 activation. We observed that a prominent activation of JNK1 occurred at a glucose concentration less than or equal to 0.01 mM. Similar to JNK1 activation, we also observed that low glucose-induced ASK1 activation, dissociation of GRX and thioredoxin (TRX) from ASK1, dimerization of ASK1, and association of Daxx and TRAF2 with ASK1 significantly occurred at a glucose concentration less than or equal to 0.01 mM.
Persistent hypotension associated with hypermedullipinemia: a new syndrome.

A new syndrome is described in a patient with advanced renal insufficiency. This consists of severe and persistent hypotension causing weakness but associated with a clear mental status. Also present is evidence for decreased vascular reactivity. The hypotension was not orthostatic. The hypotension was associated with a circulating vasodepressor substance having the characteristics of medullipin I. The medullipin appears to have been derived from the remaining right kidney. Hypotension existed despite the presence of major prohypertensive mechanisms, including an endstage kidney, hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronemia. It is likely that hypotension due to hypermedullipinemia is an entity occurring in the human being.
Metabolic syndrome and age-related dementia: Endocrinological aspects of adaptation to aging

Metabolic syndrome is one of the determinants of lifespan in Japan. In order to prevent the acute vascular events, intervention is recommended. However, management of patients with this syndrome increased the number of patients with cognition decline and depressive state. Endocrinological studies with human and experimental animals showed that there is a negative relationship between progression of metabolic syndrome and occurrence of mental disorders. In this review, we summarize our clinical and experimental data, and discuss on the mechanism of the metabolic syndrome prevention of progression of age-related mental disorder.
Light Growth Response and Auxin Curvatures of Avena.

In an earlier paper in these PROCEEDINGS (Van Overbeek 1936) it was shown that decapitated Avena coleoptiles to which auxin-a was applied unilaterally, curved less if they were continuously exposed to light than if they were kept in the dark. This paper presents a closer study of the phenomenon; when the relation of time to the auxin curvatures is considered. This was possible by using a device designed by Went (in press) with which it has become possible to record the curvatures of a large number of decapitated coleoptiles at any time desired, without exposing them to light. The principal points of this method are the following. The primary leaves of etiolated seedlings were pulled out and removed and a straw from Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon) about 10 cm. long, was stuck about 2-3 mm. into the lumen of the coleoptiles. A small part near the tip of these straws was photographed by a small horizontal beam of light on a revolving drum to which bromide paper was attached. In this way a record is obtained showing for each of the plants every 6 minutes the distance the straw has moved from its original position. For small angles this distance is practically proportional to the angle of curvature of the coleoptile. The curvatures of the exposed plants were recorded in a similar way. These plants were placed between two mirrors which reflected the light from a 10-watt lamp above them on two opposite sides of the coleoptiles. Between the lamp and mirrors was a water layer of about 10 cm. to check the heat radiation from the lamp. The intensity of the light striking the plants was about 500 M.C.
A controlled psychologic study of Sydenham's chorea.

Ten patients with active chorea and 10 who had recovered from chorea were compared by psychologic tests against control patients with nonchoreic rheumatic fever. The controls were carefully matched to the test group in age, sex, race, religion, family structure, and cardiac status. No significant differences were found between patients with chorea and the controls in any of the modalities tested, except for impaired motor functioning and possibly reduced assertiveness in patients with active chorea. The results suggest that residual psychologic damage after chorea arises not from pathologic effects of the disease itself but because the bizarre acute motor impairment may lead to scholastic deprivation and unpleasant psychologic reactions by the patient and those who deal with him.
Blurring Borders: The Effect of Federal Activism on Interstate Cooperation

Interstate compacts are an increasingly important policy tool available to states, one that allows them to tackle regional and national issues. What effect does policy activity at the federal level have on state participation in interstate compacts? Drawing on theories of functional federalism, the authors explore the possibility that a state’s response to federal activism varies across policy domains. For economic policy the authors hypothesize that federal activism causes an increase in compact participation, as states attempt to defend themselves against federal intrusion. In other policy areas the authors expect that states are more likely to enter into compacts during periods of relative federal inactivity. Results from a set of event-count models generally support these hypotheses. The study findings suggest that states may sometimes use interstate compacts as a mechanism to resist federal incursion but that this is just one facet of a more complex pattern of intergovernmental policy adjustment.
Report of the Task Force on Research in Pediatric Cardiovascular Disease.

Since the 1940s, when major breakthroughs occurred in the surgical treatment of congenital malformations, great strides have been made in the treatment of cardiovascular disease in infants and children. Nonetheless, significant difficulties remain that hinder our ability to treat the very youngest and smallest patients with cardiovascular disease, including those still in utero. Heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents is still a large problem, with substantial burden and cost for both families and society. Although surgical and technological innovations have greatly advanced treatment of cardiovascular disease in adult patients, treatment of infants, children, and adolescents has not kept pace. The most obvious reason for this situation is that children are not simply smaller adults. If they were, the appropriate miniaturization of instruments and equipment, scaling down from adults to children, would be sufficient. However, when considering interventions for neonates, or even fetuses, one must remember that they exhibit marked physiological characteristics that distinguish them from adults, such as increased heart rate and immature tissue development. To stimulate clinical research and thereby enhance our ability to treat infants, children, and adolescents, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has launched 2 major initiatives. First, in May of 2000, we issued a solicitation for the establishment of a Pediatric Heart Disease Clinical Research Network of interactive pediatric clinical research centers (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HL-00-013.html). Its purpose is to promote efficient evaluation of innovative treatment methods and management strategies for children with structural congenital heart disease, inflammatory heart disease, heart muscle disease, and arrhythmias. We anticipate that one outcome of the Network will be to promote rapid dissemination of the findings from these clinical studies to the medical community. Seven clinical centers and a data-coordinating center were funded in September 2001, and it is expected that 2 protocols will be under way by the …
Russian Foreign Policy and the United States After Putin

Russian foreign policy under Medvedev will probably continue to have a powerful streak of economic self-interest.
Tumors of the Pulmonary Artery and Veins

The pulmonary vasculature may be involved by different primary and secondary tumors. Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated sarcomas are the most common primary tumors of the pulmonary arteries. They tend to affect the large caliber pulmonary vessels and present with predominantly intraluminal growth. Pulmonary and mediastinal metastasis are common, and prognosis is poor. Clinical and imaging manifestations may mimic those of pulmonary embolism. Dyspnea, chest pain, cough, and hemoptysis are the most common presenting symptoms. Primary sarcomas arising from the central pulmonary veins are less common than their arterial counterpart. Secondary involvement of the pulmonary arteries and veins by primary and metastatic pulmonary malignancies is more common. Tumoral embolism may also affect the pulmonary arteries. They may develop from different intrathoracic and extrathoracic malignancies and may be indistinguishable from venous thromboembolism. It may manifest as cor pulmonale with right cardiac strain and dilated pulmonary arteries. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography may help in the differentiation between these 2 conditions.
Chromatin Modification Requirements for 15-Lipoxygenase-1 Transcriptional Reactivation in Colon Cancer Cells

15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) contributes significantly to inflammation regulation and terminal cell differentiation. 15-LOX-1 is transcriptionally silenced in cancer cells, and its transcriptional reactivation (e.g. via histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs)) is essential for restoring terminal cell differentiation to cancer cells. STAT-6 acetylation via the histone acetyltransferase KAT3B has been proposed to be necessary for 15-LOX-1 transcriptional activation. However, the exact mechanism underlying 15-LOX-1 transcriptional reactivation in cancer cells is still undefined, especially in regard to the contribution of 15-LOX-1 promoter histone modifications. We therefore examined the relative mechanistic contributions of 15-LOX-1 promoter histone modifications and STAT-6 to 15-LOX-1 transcriptional reactivation by HDACIs in colon cancer cells. We found that: 1) histone H3 and H4 acetylation in the 15-LOX-1 promoter through KAT3B was critical to 15-LOX-1 transcriptional activation; 2) 15-LOX-1 transcription was activated independently from STAT-6; and 3) dimethyl-histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2) demethylation in the 15-LOX-1 promoter via the histone lysine demethylase KDM3A was an early and specific histone modification and was necessary for activation of transcription. These findings demonstrate that histone modification in the 15-LOX-1 promoter is important to 15-LOX-1 transcriptional silencing in colon cancer cells and that HDACIs can activate gene transcription via KDM3A demethylation of H3K9me2.
Automatic processing of irrelevant co-speech gestures with human but not robot actors

Non-verbal, or visual, communication is an important factor of daily human-to-human interaction. Gestures make up one mode of visual communication, where movement of the body is used to convey a message either alone or in conjunction with speech. The purpose of this experiment is to explore how humans perceive gestures made by a humanoid robot compared to the same gestures made by a human. We do this by adapting and replicating a human perceptual experiment by Kelly et al., where a Stroop-like task was used to demonstrate the automatic processing of gesture and speech together. 59 college students participated in our experiment. Our results support the notion that automatic gesture processing occurs when interacting with human actors, but not robot actors. We discuss the implications of these findings for the HRI community.
Gender Role Conflict as a Mediator between Social Sensitivity and Depression in a Sample of Gay Men

The current study examined the mediational impact of gender role conflict on the relationship between social sensitivity and depression in a sample of gay men. Participants were 162 self-identified gay men who responded to a collection of online questionnaires. Findings revealed that the combined effect of the subscales from the Gender Role Conflict Scale mediated the relationship between social sensitivity and depression. Specifically, the subscales of Restrictive Emotionality and Conflict Between Work and Family Relations were found to uniquely mediate this relationship. Results suggest that concerns gay men have in maintaining a masculine image may play an important role through which social sensitivity acts on the prediction of depression.
Strong-Motion Records of the 2002 Denali Fault, Alaska, Earthquake

Abstract The MW 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake on 3 November 2002 ruptured a 340-km section along the Susitna Glacier, Denali, and Totschunda faults in central Alaska. The earthquake was digitally recorded at more than 55 strong-motion sites throughout the state at distances up to 280 km from the fault rupture. The site closest to the fault, Trans-Alaska Pipeline Pump Station 10, is located about 3 km north of the surface rupture, where the observed maximum horizontal peak ground acceleration was about 0.35 g. The peak horizontal accelerations observed at the sites closest to the fault rupture were considerably smaller than those yielded by the ground-motion prediction equations. Although the earthquake provided a valuable set of strong-motion data, an important opportunity was missed to capture near-field recordings from such a major strike-slip event. A concerted national effort is needed to prioritize the instrumentation of faults that are likely locations of future great earthquakes.
Proactive Psychiatric Consultation Services Reduce Length of Stay for Admissions to an Inpatient Medical Team

Background Some studies suggest intensive psychiatric consultation services facilitate medical care and reduce length of stay (LOS) in general hospitals. Objective To compare LOS between a consultation-as-usual model and a proactive consultation model involving review of all admissions, rapid consultation, and close follow-up. Methods LOS was compared in an ABA design between a 33-day intervention period and 10 similar control periods, 5 before and 5 after the intervention, on an internal medical unit. During the intervention period, a staff psychiatrist met with the medical team each weekday, reviewed all admissions, provided immediate consultation as needed, and followed all cases throughout their hospital stay. Results Time required for initial case review was brief, 2.9 ± 2.2 minutes per patient (mean ± S.D.). Over 50% of admissions had mental health needs: 20.3% were estimated to require specialist consultation to avoid potential delay of discharge. The consultation rate for the intervention sample was 22.6%, significantly greater than in the control sample, 10.7%. Mean LOS was significantly shorter in the intervention sample, 2.90 ± 2.12 versus 3.82 ± 3.30 days, and the fraction of cases with LOS > 4 days was significantly lower, 14.5% versus 27.9%. A rough cost benefit analysis was favorable with at least a 4.2 ratio of financial benefit to cost. Conclusions Psychiatric review of all admissions is feasible, indicates a high incidence of mental health barriers to discharge, identifies more necessary consultations than typically requested, and results in earlier consultation. A proactive consultation model can reduce hospital LOS.
Logging effects on sediment flux observed in a pollen‐based record of overbank deposition in a northern California catchment

A palynological approach was used to estimate overbank deposition rates in a forested catchment affected by logging. The palynological approach uses downcore variations in total fossil pollen and fossil pollen assemblage to calculate rates of overbank deposition and has a distinct advantage over radioisotopic approaches in that it is not limited by radioactive decay. Using this approach, we determined that overbank deposition rates increased over 400 per cent within years of logging events and that the increased rates persisted for less than 4 years. After logging-induced deposition peaked, overbank deposition decreased over 60 per cent relative to the pre-logging background values. The decreased deposition rates persisted for over 40 years. The immediate effect of logging in this catchment was to induce mass-wasting events in hollows that produced rapidly travelling sediment pulses. In the subsequent recovery period, reduced sediment loading occurred as a result of a reduction in the volume of sediment available for transport. The reduction in sediment load led to a reduction in overbank deposition rates until subsequent logging disturbances destabilized and emptied other hollows.
Fluoride stimulation of microsomal benzene metabolism

Benzene metabolism was examined in hepatic microsomes from male Sprague‐Dawley rats. In addition to phenol, a highly polar unidentified component was formed. Fluoride, but not other halides, stimulated in vitro formation of both metabolites. Fluoride did not affect covalent binding of benzene metabolites to protein. Other mixed‐function‐oxidase reactions, and codeine and ethylmorphine demethylation and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation, were not affected by fluoride. The polar metabolite(s) was not retained on either a C‐18 reverse‐phase or a DEAE‐Sephadex anion‐exchange column. Thus, although highly polar, this component does not appear to be anionic. These results suggest that an enzyme with high specificity for benzene is responsible for microsomal benzene metabolism. Both phenol and the polar metabolite(s) appear to be formed through a common initial step, which is stimulated by fluoride.
Analysis of policies to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions from the US transportation sector

Abstract Even as the US debates an economy-wide CO 2 cap-and-trade policy the transportation sector remains a significant oil security and climate change concern. Transportation alone consumes the majority of the US’s imported oil and produces a third of total US Greenhouse-Gas (GHG) emissions. This study examines different sector-specific policy scenarios for reducing GHG emissions and oil consumption in the US transportation sector under economy-wide CO 2 prices. The 2009 version of the Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) National Energy Modeling System (NEMS), a general equilibrium model of US energy markets, enables quantitative estimates of the impact of economy-wide CO 2 prices and various transportation-specific policy options. We analyze fuel taxes, continued increases in fuel economy standards, and purchase tax credits for new vehicle purchases, as well as the impacts of combining these policies. All policy scenarios modeled fail to meet the Obama administration’s goal of reducing GHG emissions 14% below 2005 levels by 2020. Purchase tax credits are expensive and ineffective at reducing emissions, while the largest reductions in GHG emissions result from increasing the cost of driving, thereby damping growth in vehicle miles traveled.
Chemical patterning for the highly specific and programmed assembly of nanostructures

We have developed a new chemical patterning technique based on standard lithography-based processes to assemble nanostructures on surfaces with extraordinarily high selectivity. This patterning process is used to create patterns of aminosilane molecular layers surrounded by highly inert poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules. While the aminosilane regions facilitate nanostructure assembly, the PEG coating prevents adsorption of molecules and nanostructures, thereby priming the semiconductor substrate for the highly localized and programmed assembly of nanostructures. We demonstrate the power and versatility of this manufacturing process by building multilayered structures of gold nanoparticles attached to molecules of DNA onto the aminosilane patterns, with zero nanocrystal adsorption onto the surrounding PEG regions. The highly specific surface chemistry developed here can be used in conjunction with standard microfabrication and emerging nanofabrication technology to seamlessly integrate various nanostructures with semiconductor electronics.
Physiology and function of the vero cell receptor for the hepatitis B virus small S protein

The African green monkey kidney-derived Vero cell line expresses a receptor activity for noninfectious hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles containing the small S protein. (M.E. Peeples, K. Komai, R. Radek, and M.J. Bankowski, 1987, Virology 160, 135-142). In this report, the binding characteristics, the physiological requirements, and the functions of this receptor are further characterized. The association rate constant (ka) was determined by measuring binding during a short (10-min) incubation period to avoid the complication of dissociation. The results indicated an extremely high affinity binding: ka = 2.0 x 10(10) M-1 min-1. HBsAg particle binding to the Vero cells was also found to be slowly reversible, and dependent on temperature, pH, and Ca2+. After binding to Vero cells. HBsAg particles were quickly internalized as measured by trypsin removal from the cell surface. Once removed from the cell surface by proteolysis, regeneration of receptor activity required protein synthesis, indicating that there is no significant receptor pool within the cell. Receptor activity was also found to recycle to the cell surface after HBsAg particles were internalized.
Joint Design of Scheduling and Routing Based on Connected Coverage for Optimal Sensor Network Lifetime

We consider information retrieval in a wireless sensor network deployed to monitor a spatially correlated random filed. The measured data are sent to an access point through multi-hop transmissions. We address the joint design of sensor scheduling and information routing in each data collection to optimize a performance measure: network lifetime. We first formulate this problem as an integer programming based on the connected coverage in sensor networks. We then derive an upper bound for the network lifetime which provides a measure for the performance of suboptimal methods. After that, we propose a suboptimal method for node scheduling and data routing to maximize the network lifetime. In the proposed method, instead of treating them as two separated optimization problems, the scheduling and routing are integrated into a single algorithm: when scheduling the sensors for area coverage, we consider not only the network geometry but also the energy consumed for the data transmission; when designing the information routing, we consider the role of each sensor in the scheduling since some sensors have crucial importance on the area coverage and should be treated specially in the routing. We study the performance of the proposed method by comparing its result with the lifetime upper bound and the separated design methods. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
Interleaving of Pseudorandom Sequences for Synchronization

The construction of a binary timing sequence based on interleaving shorter pseudorandom sequences is proposed and the parameter values giving the minimum acquisition time are found. A comparison is made between the interleaving concept and a previously known scheme.
Low physical function as a risk factor for incident diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance

Data from 1790 HIV-infected and uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were analyzed to evaluate relationships between physical function, incident diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance among HIV-infected and -uninfected men. DM was defined in two ways, using less stringent and more stringent criteria. The 10-item Physical Functioning Scale from the Short Form-36 Health Survey measured baseline physical function. Cumulative DM incidence was highest among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected men with low physical function. Physical function was a risk factor for DM in HIV-uninfected men and remained so after controlling for BMI, DM family history and race. Among HIV-infected men, physical function was an independent risk factor for DM using the less stringent diabetes definition. This study supports our previous findings that low physical function is an important risk factor for DM in the MACS cohort.
The Morphology of Blends of Linear and Branched Polyethylenes by Small-Angle Neutron and X-Ray Scattering

The solid-state morphology and liquid-state homogeneity of blends of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were investigated by small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS). The solid state morphology was investigated as a function of composition and cooling rate from the melt. After slow cooling, the evidence indicated that the mixtures were either completely (HDPE-rich blends) or almost completely (LDPE-rich blends) phase separated into separate HDPE and LDPE lamellae over the whole compositional range. In contrast, for rapidly quenched blends the components are extensively co-crystallized for all concentrations, though the SANS data indicated that the branched component had a tendency to be preferentially located in the inter-lamellar regions. In the liquid state, the blends were homogenous at all compositions, showing that the solid state morphology is not determined by the melt structure, but is a function of the crystallization kinetics. Further evidence for blend homogeneity in the liquid is presented. In particular we examine the hypothesis that a phase separated mixture might give a scattering pattern similar to a homogenous blend if the domain sizes were larger that the maximum spatial resolution of the SANS experiment (D > 2π/Qmin ~ 2000A). In this scenario, the differential scattering cross section dΣ/dΩ(Q) ~ Q-2, though phase separation decreases the cross section in this Q-range with respect to the homogenous blend. For HDPE/LDPE blends in the melt, this decrease in intensity was not observed, thus ruling out the possibility of phase separation.
Influence of the conductor network composites on the electromechanical performance of ionic polymer conductor network composite actuators

Abstract We investigate the influence of conductor network composites (CNCs) on the electromechanical performance of the ionic polymer conductor network composite (IPCNC) actuators fabricated by the direct assembly method with ionic liquids as the solvent. It was observed that the newly developed IPCNCs with the layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled Au nanocomposite CNC layers exhibit a high strain response (∼14% peak-to-peak strain) in comparison with that of IPCNCs with the traditional RuO2/Nafion nanocomposite CNC layers (∼6% peak-to-peak strain) under a 4 V DC signal. It is also observed that it is the slow ion transport process in the CNC layers that limits the IPCNC actuation speed and a thick CNC layer will result in a long ion transport time, slow actuation speed, as well as low efficiency. Making use of the fact that the LbL self-assembled nanocomposite CNCs can be made into thin layers (sub-micron) with high quality and large strain response, an IPCNC actuator with 0.4 μm thick of LbL CNC layers on 25 μm thick Nafion film exhibits an actuation response ∼0.2 s with large bending actuation.
The role of attention in the binding of surface features to locations

Previous studies have proposed that attention is not necessary for detecting simple features but is necessary for binding them to spatial locations. The present study tested this hypothesis, using the N2pc component of the event-related potential waveform as a measure of the allocation of attention. A simple feature detection condition, in which observers reported whether a target colour was present or not, was compared with feature-location binding conditions, in which observers reported the location of the target colour. A larger N2pc component was observed in the binding conditions than in the detection condition, indicating that additional attentional resources are needed to bind a feature to a location than to detect the feature independently of its location. This finding supports theories of attention in which attention plays a special role in binding features.