cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Peptide Release Is Limited by Secretory Granule Mobility

Neuropeptides are slowly released from a limited pool of secretory granules. To visualize this process, GFP-tagged preproatrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was expressed in nerve growth factor-treated PC12 cells. Biochemical and microfluorimetric experiments demonstrate that proANF-EGFP is packaged in granules that accumulate at neurite endings and is released in a Ca2+-dependent manner by secretagogs. Confocal microscopy shows that secretion is associated with depletion of granules distributed throughout the terminal. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and time-lapse particle tracking reveal that only a subpopulation of cytoplasmic secretory granules, similar in size to the releasable pool, can move quickly enough (D = 6 x 10(-11) cm2/s) to support release. Therefore, sustained secretory responses are limited by the number of mobile granules and their slow rate of diffusion.
Critical Infrastructure: Mapping the Leaky Plumbing of US Hegemony

Geopolitical mappings of the world can say as much about the vulnerabilities of hegemony as about aspirations to power. Mappings of US geostrategic interests are no exception. Recent national security priorities, the details of which were revealed in leaked diplomatic cables, include the identification of sites around the world deemed critical to the US (US Department of State 2009). From beaches where trans-oceanic cables emerge, to factories making vaccines, to maritime routes and ports, sites of particular vulnerability are assembled. The cartographic effect of this assemblage is a partial and highly distributed mapping of the fragile material underpinnings of US power.
Reconceptualizing Literacy Through a Discourses Perspective by Analyzing Literacy Events Represented in Films About Schools

A cohort of secondary English preservice teachers was engaged in a series of articles designed to bring about a shift in their initial autonomous views of literacy toward a more sociocultural “Discourses and literacies” perspective. Students wrote an essay in which they articulated their initial assumptions about what literacy was and what teachers of literacy do. They were then introduced to a sociocultural (multiliteracies) theory of literacy, as well as to the important concept of literacy events, by reading, writing about, and discussing selected academic articles and chapters. To deepen their explorations of Discourses, literacies, and literacy events, students then analyzed scenes from selected films, noting how they represented a variety of literacy events. Finally, students designed a variety of literature and composition lessons that revealed the Discourses perspective on literacy that they had been exploring.
Weave patterned organic transistors on fiber for E-textiles

Flexible transistors were formed directly on fibers in a novel weave-masking fabrication process. Pentacene fiber transistors exhibit mobilities of >0.5 cm/sup 2//V-s measured at 20 V V/sub DD/ and operate stably under a wide range of flexion stress. Devices are defined and positioned solely by a weaving pattern, meaning that simple circuits could potentially be directly built into fabric during manufacturing. This development offers a novel approach for providing information routing within fabric, which is currently a major hurdle in electronic textile development.
Gender-based perceptions of equity in China's state-owned enterprises

Despite the emphasis on equality in China's state-owned enterprises, analysis of data collected from 900 Chinese in 10 state-owned enterprises indicated that statistically significant pay differences exist between male and female employees. However, differences between male and female employees' perceptions of equity in these enterprises were found to be statistically significant only among those employees with fewer years of work experience and those with lower levels of technical skills. Perceptions of equity were also found to be related to the job satisfaction of both male and female employees. These results are discussed within the context of the Maoist ideology of egalitarianism and the post-Tiananmen movement toward the forging of links between employee compensation and performance. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selecting input factors for clusters of Gaussian radial basis function networks to improve market clearing price prediction

In a deregulated power market, bidding decisions rely on good market clearing price prediction. One of the common forecasting methods is Gaussian radial basis function (GRBF) networks that approximate input-output relationships by building localized Gaussian functions (clusters). Currently, a cluster uses all the input factors. Certain input factors, however, may not be significant and should be deleted because they mislead local learning and result in poor predictions. Existing pruning methods for neural networks examine the significance of connections between neurons, and are not applicable to deleting center and standard deviation parameters in a GRBF network since those parameters bear no sense of significance of connection. In this paper, the inverses of standard deviations are found to capture a sense of connection, and based on this finding, a new training method to identify and eliminate unimportant input factors is developed. Numerical testing results from two classroom problems and from New England Market Clearing Price prediction show that the new training method leads to significantly improved prediction performance with a smaller number of network parameters.
Contact consistent control framework for humanoid robots

This paper presents a framework for the dynamical formulation and control of humanoid systems. In this framework unactuated virtual joints are used to describe the humanoid's configuration with respect to the inertial frame. The dynamics of the system are then formulated in a general manner that considers arbitrary contact with the environment. A control structure is implemented for both motion and contact forces that accounts for under-actuation due to the virtual joints. A strategy is also implemented to address transitions between different contact states. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate this overall framework for many behaviors such as standing, walking, jumping, and hand manipulation with walking
The Fertilized Bird’s Egg as a Physicochemical System

Abstract THE bird’s egg, although a biological unit, has been studied largely in terms of physics and chemistry, or in terms of physical and chemical laws. Physical laws determine the relationship of the various component parts of the egg to each other and the relationship of the egg as a whole to its outside environment. Chemical laws determine the changes of chemical energy in various egg constituents from one substance of the egg into another and into a newly developing embryo. These physical and chemical laws combined together comprise a unique and intricate interrelation or system (physicochemical system) which governs the development of the bird’s egg. Table 1 shows that proteins, fats carbohydrates, and minerals are very unevenly distributed within the egg. This makes its structure unequal. Perhaps from the functional point of view the most significant property would be the water content and the hydrogen-ion concentration of egg yolk and . . .
Klebsiella and Gastrointestinal Syndromes with Particular Emphasis on Klebsiella oxytoca Antibiotic-Associated Colitis

Abstract The genus Klebsiella (family Enterobacteriaceae ), of which K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca are the two most commonly isolated members, consists of gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated rods. As opportunistic pathogens, Klebsiella spp. can cause a variety of illnesses including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, septicemia, soft tissue, intravenous, meningitis, liver abscess, and gastrointestinal disease, in the immunocompromised or those with underlying conditions. Current studies strongly suggest that klebsiellae, and in particular K. oxytoca , may also be associated with a variety of gastrointestinal syndromes that include antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis.
Commentary: Postoperative spinal alignment remodeling in Lenke 1C scoliosis treated with selective thoracic fusion

COMMENTARY ON Wang Y, Bunger CE, Zhang Y, et al. Postoperative spinal alignment remodeling in Lenke 1C scoliosis treated with selective thoracic fusion. Spine J 2012;12:73–80 ( in this issue ).
Volume visualization of sparse irregular meshes

An algorithm that was designed for the data typically found in reservoir simulation and structural analysis is presented. Designed for general applicability and high efficiency, it can be used to visualize scalar volumes of irregular computational meshes. The algorithm accepts as input virtually any 3-D mesh used in computer simulations. Pictures of practical value can be drawn interactively. >
A Bass–Heller–Swan formula for pseudoisotopies

The Bass-Heller-Swan formula is a basic calculational tool in pseudoisotopy K-theory. We describe the Nil-groups and the Bass-Heller-Swan splitting for the group of the pseudoisotopies of a closed manifold. We use the methods of controlled topology used in the Bass-Heller-Swan splitting in K-theory.
Implications of American Indian Gambling for Social Work Research and Practice

Since the 1988 passage of the Indian Gaming and Regulatory Act (IGRA), American Indian tribal communities have rapidly opened up casinos. American Indian participation in recreational gambling has increased, resulting in an increase in problem and pathological gambling. However, increased revenues from gaming have significantly benefited tribes. Background information on the Supreme Court case that led to passage of the IGRA and subsequently the opening of casinos on Indian reservations is provided. Data are presented on American Indian gambling studies that explore the impact of gambling on the development of problem or pathological gambling among American Indians. Reports and data are presented on the effects of gambling on the socioeconomic development of tribal communities. The implications of American Indian gaming for social work research and practice are discussed.
Lyme Disease: A Review

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne illness in the United States and is also endemic in Europe and Asia. It is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by the bite of the Ixodes (deer) tick. It occurs most frequently during spring and summer and may involve the skin, nervous system, heart, and joints. This article reviews the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease.
eModel: addressing the need for a flexible modeling framework in autonomic computing

The paper describes a novel, flexible framework, eModel, designed to address the runtime requirements of autonomic computing: on-line workload measurement, analysis, and prediction. The eModel architecture has been developed using platform independent technology (XML and Java) to allow for maximum portability while also allowing for ease-of-integration with existing measurement and system management tools. The eModel toolkit consists of a GUI based model builder tool, a data base deployment tool, a runtime tool, and an analysis tool. In addition to the toolkit, the eModel design provides a runtime architecture which can be deployed directly without using any interaction with the GUI. The architecture is flexible enough to allow for incorporation with models of various complexity, including modeling techniques that require a hierarchical approach to attain reasonable accuracy based upon on-line, measured data. We present examples that illustrate eModel as a capacity planning tool as well as an augmentation to autonomic system management in an effort to highlight the technological gaps that the eModel framework is capable of bridging.
Load balancing of DOALL loops in the Perfect Club

The speedup achieved by concurrent execution of loop iterations is determined by load balance and several other factors, so no single strategy provides maximum speedup for all classes of programs and all target architectures. Hence, the selection of a load balancing strategy must be guided by characteristics of both the application domain and the target machine architecture. The authors study loop load balance in the context of the well known Perfect Club benchmark. Several static and dynamic characteristics of DOALL loops are observed and interpreted. Late arrival of processors is identified as a significant source of load imbalance. A scheme for processor preallocation is proposed and the advantages and applicability of this scheme are demonstrated by analytical estimates as well as experimental evaluation on a Cray YMP-8. >
Blacklist Ecosystem Analysis: Spanning Jan 2012 to Jun 2014

Motivation: We compare the contents of 86 Internet blacklists to provide a view of the whole ecosystem of blocking network touch points and blacklists. We aim to formalize and evaluate practitioner tacit knowledge of the fatigue of playing "whack-a-mole" against resilient adversary resources. Method: Lists are compared to lists of the same data type (domain name or IP address). Different phases of the study use different comparisons. Comparisons include how many lists an indicator is unique to; list sizes; expanded list characterization and intersection; pairwise intersections of all lists; and following, a statistical test we define to determine if one list adds elements shortly after another. Results: Based on a synthesis of multiple methods, domain-name-based indicators are unique to one list 96.16% to 97.37% of the time. IP-address-based indicators are unique to one list 82.46% to 95.24% of the time. Discussion: There is little overlap between blacklists. Though there are exceptions, the intersection between lists remains low even after expanding each list to a larger neighborhood of related indicators. Few lists consistently provide content before other lists if there is intersection. These results suggest that each blacklist describes a distinct sort of malicious activity and that even merging all lists there is no global ground truth to acquire. Practical insights include (1) network defenders are advised to obtain and evaluate as many lists as practical, (2) "whack-a-mole" is inevitable due to list dynamics, barring a strategic change, an (3) academics comparing their results to one or a few blacklists to test accuracy are advised to reconsider this validation technique.
Body Image among Hispanics/Latinos

Research findings on Latino body image are characterized by discrepancies that are due to inconsistent measurements, inattention to within-group differences, and non-representative sample selection. As opposed to their Caucasian counterparts, aspects such as acculturation, country of origin, neighborhood composition, socioeconomic status, and generation status are the major factors responsible for the connection between body image concerns and disordered eating among Latinos. Therefore, in order to effectively promote well-being among Latino communities, the complexity of this ecological context in which Latinos reside must be taken into consideration.
Die Morton'sche Neuralgie – ein Update mit Fokus auf die konservative Therapie

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Pathologie der Morton'schen Neuralgie ist in Ubersichtarbeiten und Einzelstudien hinsichtlich der Diagnostik und operativen Therapie dargestellt. In den letzten Jahren bestimmen immer mehr Berichte uber konservative Therapiemoglichkeiten die Diskussion. Im Jahre 2010 wurde bereits eine umfassende Ubersichtarbeit zur Morton'schen Neuralgie in dieser Zeitschrift publiziert. Das Ziel dieser jetzt vorliegenden Publikation war es, eine aktualisierte Darstellung zur Morton'schen Neuralgie mit systematischer Durchsicht der Ergebnisse der konservativen Therapie zu prasentieren. Methoden Dazu erfolgte die systematische Durchsicht der Literatur der Jahre 2010 bis 2015. Neuere Erkenntnisse zur Atiologie, Diagnostik und operativen Therapie fanden Eingang in die jeweiligen Unterkapitel. Beim Fehlen von aktuellen neuen Erkenntnissen wurde auf die bekannte Literatur verwiesen. Die systematische Literaturrecherche zu konservativen Therapiemoglichkeiten beinhaltete die Einteilung nach Evidenzlevel und die zusammenfassende Darstellung und Wertung. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Diagnostisch steht weiterhin die spezifische klinische Untersuchung im Vordergrund. In der bildgebenden Diagnostik ist die MRT-Untersuchung aktuell der Goldstandard. Die Untersuchung in Bauchlage ist als vorteilhaft zu werten. Die MRT-Bildgebung nach Morton-Resektion zeigt reaktive Veranderungen sowohl bei symptomatischen als auch asymptomatischen Patienten. Die praoperative diagnostische Testinfiltration hat sich als zusatzlich sinnvoller Faktor etabliert. In der aktuellen Literatur zeigen die Berichte der operativen Therapie eine hohe bis sehr hohe Zufriedenheit der Patienten. Die Berichte uber die konservative Therapie variieren je nach Therapiemethode. Eine Uberlegenheit gegenuber der operativen Therapie konnte jedoch bisher nicht dargestellt werden. Daher besteht aktuell die Empfehlung sowohl zur Resektion des interdigitalen Nervs als auch zur Durchtrennung des tiefen intermetatarsalen Ligamentes beim Vorliegen einer symptomatischen Morton'schen Neuralgie.
Volume phase transition and related phenomena of polymer gels

This review covers the recent advances in studies of the volume phase transition and critical phenomena of polymer gels mostly carried out in our group from 1973 to the present. We aimed here to discuss intensively (i) the basic understanding of the transition from the viewpoints of structure, dynamics, kinetics, and equilibrium thermodynamics, (ii) technological applications of the volume transition, and (iii) the relation between the phase transition and biological interactions.
The incidence, causes, and financial impact of perinatal mortality in North American beef herds

This article contains a brief overview of the magnitude and causes of perinatal calf mortality (PCM). A PATH model chart of the risk factors of PCM is presented as a foundation for preparation of herd-management programs to prevent PCM, for herd investigations to control excessive PCM, or to plan seminars for livestock producers on control of PCM. The financial impact of PCM is explored through discussions of expenses associated with PCM, management decisions after calf deaths, and a comparison of the financial losses of PCM with losses incurred through pregnancy failure.
Taking Conflict Personally and the Use of the Demand/withdraw Pattern in Intraethnic Serial Arguments

This paper examines the association between taking conflict personally and the use of the demand/withdraw pattern in intraethnic serial arguments. Asian-Americans (n = 172), African-Americans (n = 185), Caucasians (n = 224), and Hispanics (n = 124) living in the United States reported about arguments with another member of their ethnic group. Results revealed some ethnicity differences concerning the perceived positive effects of conflict on relationships and reliance on the self-demand/other-withdraw interaction pattern. Differences, though, were relatively small. Results also revealed that similar dimensions of taking conflict personally predicted the use of the demand/withdraw pattern across the four groups, with persecution feelings being a particularly strong predictor. Strength of ethnic identity had different effects on the self-demand/other- withdraw interaction pattern for Asian-Americans and Hispanics. These results are detailed, and implications for the study of serial arguments are discussed.
Principles of device attachment and control

An evolving issue of net neutrality concerns whether users should have a right to connect and control devices of their choice. In cable and satellite television networks, cellular networks, and some broadband Internet networks, the service provider often only allows use of set-top boxes, smart phones, and residential gateways obtained directly from the provider. We review how communications law currently addresses the right of a user to connect devices of their choice. We propose a set of user and service provider rights that should guide development of new legal principles.
Fading Extraterritoriality and Isolationism? Developments in the United States: The 2016 Earl A. Snyder Lecture in International Law

This working paper (in draft form) is a slightly expanded version of the 2016 Earl A. Snyder Lecture delivered at the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law at the University of Cambridge in May 2016. These remarks provide an overview of how the procedural rules of international civil litigation are developing and changing in the United States, and how those developments in turn affect more traditional forms of international lawmaking. I take a different tack from those who are more pessimistic about recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions that have curtailed private enforcement of extraterritorial regulation, and challenge the notion that the effect of the Court's decisions is anti-internationalist or isolationist. To the extent the use of domestic law applied extraterritorially and unilaterally is a less viable option to provide redress, it may prompt, at least on the margins, a reinvigoration of other more cooperative approaches to solving global challenges. For those skeptical of the legitimacy and longer-term efficacy of unilateral approaches (whether through the courts or elsewhere), modest pressure to spur further responsible multilateral coordination and engagement may be a positive development.
The tumor suppressor FLCN mediates an alternate mTOR pathway to regulate browning of adipose tissue

Noncanonical mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways remain poorly understood. Mutations in the tumor suppressor folliculin (FLCN) cause Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, a hamartomatous disease marked by mitochondria-rich kidney tumors. FLCN functionally interacts with mTOR and is expressed in most tissues, but its role in fat has not been explored. We show here that FLCN regulates adipose tissue browning via mTOR and the transcription factor TFE3. Adipose-specific deletion of FLCN relieves mTOR-dependent cytoplasmic retention of TFE3, leading to direct induction of the PGC-1 transcriptional coactivators, drivers of mitochondrial biogenesis and the browning program. Cytoplasmic retention of TFE3 by mTOR is sensitive to ambient amino acids, is independent of growth factor and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) signaling, is driven by RagC/D, and is separable from canonical mTOR signaling to S6K. Codeletion of TFE3 in adipose-specific FLCN knockout animals rescues adipose tissue browning, as does codeletion of PGC-1β. Conversely, inducible expression of PGC-1β in white adipose tissue is sufficient to induce beige fat gene expression in vivo. These data thus unveil a novel FLCN-mTOR-TFE3-PGC-1β pathway-separate from the canonical TSC-mTOR-S6K pathway-that regulates browning of adipose tissue.
EFFECTS OF CATTLE GRAZING ON SMALL MAMMAL COMMUNITIES AT RED ROCK LAKES NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE, MONTANA

Cattle grazing is a common land-use on public land in the Intermountain West that often has varied and complex effects on wildlife. We undertook the current study to better understand the response of small mammals to the frequency of cattle grazing in wet meadow habitats on Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge. Three adjacent grazing units were selected for study that provided a range of rested grazing units (one, three, and eight years of rest). We captured and marked 363 individuals, and had 174 recaptures on six 1.8 ha grids over 27 days. Voles (Microtus spp.) comprised 99 percent of individuals captured, with two deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and one common shrew (Sorex cinereus). Vole abundance increased with increasing rest from grazing. Nearly 61 percent (221) of voles were captured in the unit with 8 years of rest from grazing; 26 percent (94) and 13 percent (48) of total captures were in units of three and one year of rest, respectively. Apparent 8 day survival probability estimates were 0.45 (±0.12 SE), 0.62 (±0.12) and 0.35 (±0.09) for treatments with one, three and eight years of rest, respectively. Litter depth and physiognomic classes litter, and forb, and bare ground approached an asymptote after three years rest from grazing.
Radiation damage of hollandite in multiphase ceramic waste forms

Abstract Radiation damage was simulated in multiphase titanate-based ceramic waste forms using an ion accelerator to generate high energy alpha particles (He + ) and an ion implanter to generate 7 MeV gold (Au 3+ ) particles. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the damaged surfaces and nearby regions. Simulated multiphase ceramic waste forms were prepared using two processing methods: spark plasma sintering and melt-processing. Both processing methods produced ceramics with similar phase assemblages consisting of hollandite-, zirconolite/pyrochlore-, and perovskite-type phases. The measured heavy ion (Au 3+ ) penetration depth was less in spark plasma sintered samples than in melt-processed samples. Structural breakdown of the hollandite phase occurred under He + irradiation indicated by the presence of x-ray diffraction peaks belonging to TiO 2 , BaTiO 5 , and other hollandite related phases (Ba 2 Ti 9 O 20 ). The composition of the constituent hollandite phase affected the extent of damage induced by Au 3+ ions.
Los movimientos populares contra las políticas de austeridad económica en América Latina entre 1996 y 2001

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 86, 2002: 177-189
Site-Specific Symptom Management: Palliative Radiotherapy for Advanced and Metastatic Lung Cancer

Palliative radiation can be useful in numerous clinical scenarios with respect to primary or metastatic thoracic tumors. Extensive stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and locally advanced, unresectable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are the most common causes of symptoms that can be managed even in the setting of incurable underlying disease. Dyspnea, pain, hemoptysis, and superior vena cava syndrome are some manifestations of thoracic tumor invasion that compromise quality of life and survival. Multiple trials have been conducted to assess symptom relief and survival, with some conflicting evidence. Palliation of symptoms is reasonably achieved in most of these studies, and some show benefits in survival or tumor regression. Various fractionation schemas have been studied to determine the optimal symptom control. Metaanalyses have attempted to identify subsets of patients that benefit more, with performance status emerging as consistent predictor of benefit. Patient selection remains crucial to determining the risk–benefit ratio of any regimen.
Genetic systems regulating gene expression during development

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the genetic systems regulating gene expression during development. Regulatory systems composed of two or more interacting elements are known. One of the elements is always at the locus of the structural gene whose expression is controlled by the system. The other element or elements of the system are located elsewhere in the chromosome complement. Each system of controlling elements is essentially autonomous in that the functioning of the elements of one systemdoes not interfere with the functioning of those of another system. Evidence that the Spm system can preset a gene locus at one stage in development to give a particular pattern of gene expression at a later stage was obtained from studies of several different gene loci that came under the control of the system.The review of modes of regulation of gene action by the Spm system illustrates the breadth of accomplishment of a system composed of only two genetic elements. Such systems provide a means of inducing extensive plasticity of expression of the genome. The presence of controlling elements may also be suspected merely on the basis of viewing plants in their native habitats. During development, all components of the genome must undergo sequential stages of programming, which must continue until the final stage of differentiation of a cell. The controlling elements associated with the genes may be the components that are concerned with all these varied expressions of gene regulation.
When Parents Get Stuck

Parents often wrestle with the behavior problems of their children, with varying degrees of success and failure. Parents usually deal with such problems adequately, either by themselves or with the help of other family members or friends. But when they feel stuck in their attempts to resolve their child-related difficulties, parents often turn to a professional, primarily their physician, for help (1). Many times the primary care physician can provide the necessary help (2), but some parent concerns, as will be discussed later, require referral to a family therapist or other mental health professional.
An implicit level set model for firespread

The level set method is a mathematical and computational, technique for tracking a moving interface over time. It can naturally handle topological changes such as merging or breaking interfaces. Intrinsic geometric properties of the interface, such as curvature and normal direction, are easily determined from the level set function p. There are many applications of the level set method, including kinetic crystal growth, epitaxial growth of thin films, image restoration, vortex dominated flows, and so forth. Most applications described in the growing literature on the applications of level sets advance the level set equation with explicit time integration. Hence, small CFL-respecting time steps are needed to maintain stability. In this thesis, an implicit level set method is introduced and applied to wildland firespread models, removing vulnerability to instability.
INCORPORATING PRIOR INFORMATION IN MINIMAX ESTIMATION OF THE MEAN OF A GAUSSIAN PROCESS

Publisher Summary A version of the Karhunen–Loeve expansion of X(·) has been used to reduce the estimation problem to that of estimating a countable sequence of normal means {θi}. The prior information concerning θ(·) was also transformed into prior information about the θi, but in selecting a minimax estimator using the prior information, the covariances among the θi were ignored. This chapter discusses a more complicated expansion of the process. It allows use of all the prior information in selecting a minimax estimator. This expansion is developed in which the desired minimax estimator is also derived.
Probing the Excited States of Valley Polaritons in Atomic Crystals

We for the first time directly probe the excited states of valley polaritons in monolayer WS 2 . Specifically, the valley-dependent dark excited states and the dynamically unstable upper polariton states are observed by nonlinear spectroscopy. © 2019 The Author(s)
A varying-coefficient generalized odds rate model with time-varying exposure: An application to fitness and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Physical inactivity, mainly due to a sedentary lifestyle, has been shown to have a positive association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (Blair et al., 1996; Kohl 3rd, 2001; Mora et al., 2007; Nocon et al., 2008). The Aerobic Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) involves patients in the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX, who attended periodic preventive medical examinations, along with health and lifestyle behaviors consultation. The longitudinal measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness (“fitness”), an objective measure for physical activity (PA, of Sports Medicine, 2013), provides a unique opportunity to advance the current understanding of the association between longitudinal fitness and CVD mortality. Using a total of 3,980 patients enrolled in the study from 1970 ~ 1980 with follow-up till 2003, we first explore the association between the baseline fitness and CVD mortality using the proportional hazards (PH) (Cox, 1972) model. Adjusting for age, gender, BMI, family history of CVD, and smoking status, the results from the PH model are summarized in Table 1. It shows that baseline fitness has an inverse association with CVD mortality (coefficient= −0.013), but the effect is not significant (p value= 0.572). However, if we consider age as an effect modifier of fitness and include “age×fitness” in the model, we find the interaction term is significant (p value= 0.050). This indicates that the effect of fitness on CVD mortality changes over age, which can be depicted through an age varying coefficient. Table 1 Fit PH Models for ACLS Baseline Data
Educação e televisão: contribuições para a formação e a emancipação humana a partir da metodologia freiriana

Education implies fostering the formation and the intellectual autonomy of the subject who, in turn, can intervene in a critical way about reality. In this perspective, we aim to think a methodology of reflexive teaching work among teachers and students of High School in learning environments, based on the criticality of TV production and its social indicators. Partial results point to the need for deepening, both in relation to the formation of this spectator, and the tools of television persuasion. We conclude, for the moment, the importance of demystifying the universality of TV narratives in a counter-hegemonic perspective, which will take the form of teacher training, where an educational product will be produced and validated collectively.
Methods for Calculating Natural Mortality Rate, Biomass Production, and Proportion Entrained of Lacusterine Ichthyoplankton

ABSTRACT The impact of ichthyoplankton entrainment in lacusterine environments has been difficult to ascertain because the total number produced is usually unknown. Additionally, larvae in lakes are vulnerable to entrainment for varying periods of time, not just instantaneously as when transported past cooling water intakes located on rivers. A method for determining the number of larvae produced in lakes is given. Also, methods of calculating the natural mortality rate and biomass production of lacusterine ichthyoplankton are presented.
Effects of Color on Visual Aesthetics Sense

Human interaction and carrier of feelings among humans are accomplished mainly through five senses, such as touch, smell, taste, audio, and visual. Considering visual sense, colors in images and videos are important gradients in day-to-day life. It can elevate/depress mood of a person. Different colors are useful to encourage a certain emotion such as energetic, aggressive, calmness, happiness, sadness, anger, fear. For visual experience, one of the important aspects is known to be color. In this paper, the important aspect is covered, that is, preferences of color that change according to culture, gender, age, fields, etc. Also, we tried to provide how colors are affecting visual aesthetic sense.
Early stage oxidation of ZrC under 10 MeV Au3+ ion-irradiation at 800 °C

Abstract The effects of irradiation on the morphology and microstructure of the oxide formed on the surface of ZrC0.99 ± 0.02 during irradiation with 10 MeV Au3+ ions at 800 °C were investigated. Nanosized oxide islands were observed on unirradiated and irradiated sample areas, indicating that the early stage oxidation of ZrC proceeded via nucleation and growth. Radiation shifted the particle size distribution (PSD) to smaller diameters, increased the circularity of the islands, and reduced the surface coverage of the specimen. Additionally, nanometric cavities were observed in oxide islands for doses above 2.5 dpa. The underlying mechanisms driving these changes were discussed.
NEW STABILITY RESULTS FOR NONAUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents new stability results for nonautonomous systems. The new invariance properties that have been established by Artstein for the positive limit sets of solutions of nonautonomous ordinary differential equations greatly extend Liapunov's direct method for the study of the stability of such time-varying systems. An important role here is played by results that relate Liapunov functions to the location of the positive limit sets of solutions. A variation of Yoshizawa's result was given by LaSalle. The chapter presents some general results on asymptotic stability and instability. It describes the Liapunov functions and the location of positive limit sets. The chapter also presents a generalization of the definition of a Liapunov function. It presents a theorem that generalizes Liapunov's theorem on asymptotic stability.
Bacterial Superinfection of Amoebic Liver Abscess.

A 78-year-old male, originally from China, was brought to the hospital for weakness, urinary incontinence, confusion, and poor oral intake. He was started on empiric antibiotics, which were narrowe...
Depressive Symptom and Financial Conflict Relate Over Time Among Couples

Since the housing market collapsed in the late 2000′s, researchers have explored the link between finances and mental health in more depth. Although there is discussion around how financial conflict is related to mental health illnesses, it remains unclear how financial conflict and depressive symptoms are related bidirectionally over time. Using an integrated family stress model and stress generation theoretical lens, we sought to investigate bidirectional relations between financial conflict trajectories and depressive symptom trajectories among partnered men and women. Using 1273 German couples and multivariate latent growth models, we tested this bidirectional association over three waves. Our results revealed that men’s and women’s initial financial conflict and initial depressive symptoms were related. This bidirectional association, however, was more nuanced when we examined these associations longitudinally. Men’s and women’s initial depressive symptoms were associated with the partner perceiving greater financial conflict over the three waves. In addition men’s initial financial conflict was associated with increases in their partner’s depressive symptoms over the three waves. These findings begin to address a gap literature, which has not yet explored the bidirectional association between financial conflict and depressive symptoms among couples over time. These findings also offer insights for practitioners to explore with couples regarding the relation between their financial conflicts and depressive symptoms.
Cooking up Southern Black Identity in Chef’s Table’s “Mashama Bailey”

This essay analyzes the rhetorical moves employed in Chef’s Table’s “Mashama Bailey.” Bailey’s narrative functions as a constitutive text, providing an ideal case study for the nexus of rhetoric, r...
The Suitability of RSA for Bulk Data Encryption

Symmetric ciphers are more efficient for bulk encryption than asymmetric ciphers, however there is a lack of published studies providing relevant metrics pertaining to bulk encryption with RSA in modern computing environments. As key escrow systems proposed against ransomware provide alternative routes for data restoration, ransomware developers will seek to deploy resistant cryptosystems. In this study, we examine the use of a popular asymmetric cipher (RSA) for bulk encryption. We provide metrics for both encryption time and ciphertext expansion while examining the impact of different encryption parameters such as key size and block size. In addition, we consider supplementing encryption with compression to combat both ciphertext expansion and encryption time. Our goal is to highlight the need for solutions against the ransomware that use externally generated asymmetric key pairs for bulk encryption.
Second-order perturbations of Kerr black holes: Formalism and reconstruction of the first-order metric

Motivated by gravitational wave observations of binary black hole mergers, we present a procedure to compute the leading-order nonlinear gravitational wave interactions around a Kerr black hole. We describe the formalism used to derive the equations for second-order perturbations. We develop a procedure that allows us to reconstruct the first-order metric perturbation solely from knowledge of the solution to the first-order Teukolsky equation, without the need of Hertz potentials. Finally, we illustrate this metric reconstruction procedure in the asymptotic limit for the first-order quasinormal modes of Kerr. In a companion paper [J. L. Ripley et al., Phys. Rev. D 103, 104018 (2021)] we present a numerical implementation of these ideas.
β2 integrin activation and signaling transduction in leukocyte recruitment.

Leukocyte recruitment is a critical step in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and immunological responses. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are involved in controlling cell movements and the recruitme...
Comparing the 'Interests of Justice': What the International Criminal Court Can Learn From New York Law

This article addresses the debate over whether the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court should adopt ex ante guidelines for prosecutorial discretion in order to increase transparency and legitimacy. It focuses on one of the most ambiguous provisions of the Rome Statute: allowing the Prosecutor to decline to prosecute in the “interests of justice.”Specifically, this article will examine the experience of New York in operationalizing a domestic statutory analogue to the Rome Statute provision: dismissal of cases “in furtherance of justice.” An analysis of New York law yields three core lessons that carry over to the international sphere despite differences in the systems.First, a requirement of a written rationale regarding the exercise of discretion does not necessarily yield thorough or convincing explanations. This undermines arguments that the legitimacy of the International Criminal Court will be enhanced by public explanations of prosecutorial discretion.Second, such explanations may backfire when the balancing of nebulous factors leads to apparently inconsistent or arbitrary reasoning and results, which may undercut the credibility of the decision-maker.Finally, the lack of a guiding theory to drive the interpretation of ambiguous criteria can lead to more confusion than clarity when there is no agreement on the theoretical justifications for prosecution, as seen in both the domestic and international systems.The experience of New York, therefore, supports skepticism of the efficacy of ex ante criteria for the exercise of discretion, particularly for complex decisions regarding the interests of justice. If such criteria are nonetheless adopted, the New York experience offers suggestions on crafting a more effective approach.
Does neoadjuvant chemotherapy diminish the sex disparity in bladder cancer survival after radical cystectomy

Abstract Introduction Sex-specific survival disparities for bladder cancer outcomes after radical cystectomy (RC) have been demonstrated in several studies. However, these studies predate the widespread adoption of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We evaluated the differences in sex-specific survival between patients who received NAC with those who did not, using a contemporary national outcomes database. Methods The National Cancer Data Base was queried from 2004 to 2015 to identify subjects who underwent RC. Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was performed to compare all-cause mortality between men and women at each pathologic (p) TNM stage group: T1-4N0, N+ and M+ disease. Associations for all-cause mortality were identified using an adjusted Cox regression analysis, and our findings were confirmed with a subgroup analysis. Results A total of 9,835 subjects (7,483 men and 2,532 women) were included in the analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis demonstrated female sex was not associated with worse overall survival compared to males (HR 0.947, 95%CI 0.852–1.053, P = 0.947) in the overall cohort. Stratified by pT stage and node positivity, worse overall survival was seen in women with pT4 disease who did not receive NAC compared to men (5-year OS 9.6% women vs. 15.2% men, P Conclusions In a contemporary cohort of subjects who underwent RC, administration of NAC narrows the sex survival-gap in advanced stage bladder cancer. Strategies to improve NAC usage in women should be adopted to overcome potential sex-specific differences such as delayed diagnosis, anatomic differences in higher stage disease, or altered tumor biology which may contribute to differences in oncologic outcomes.
INTERNAL CONVERSION ELECTRONS FROM PRIMARY FISSION FRAGMENTS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a multidimensional pulse-height analyzer in which successive pulse heights or time delays from various detectors are recorded as successive binary numbers on magnetic tape via a 256-channel analog to digital converter. The magnetic tape with the primary three-dimensional information may be sorted event by event on the IBM 7094 computer. Various programs of the computer permit the spectrum in one dimension to be displayed in association with any combination of pulse heights in the other two dimensions. The study of spontaneous fission is concerned with gamma-ray spectroscopy. Nuclear spectroscopic information on the energy levels is gained in the region of nuclei near the double magic Sn132. As a result of the experiments described in the chapter, many completely resolved gamma rays in the energy region up to approximately 500 keV have been seen and the expected Doppler shifts have been observed for those gamma rays, which are emitted in less than a nanosecond—the approximate flight time from fission source to detector.
Physical Principles: Quantum Mechanics

The practitioners of Western physics believed that they had reached the climax of their art by the end of the nineteenth century. When a young Max Planck turned to the study of physics, he was warned that the field was virtually closed and that no significant or fundamental discoveries remained to be made. These views are certainly understandable taken from the perspective of the nineteenth-century practitioner. Appreciating the certainty of this view and then following the path by which the ideas of classical physics were replaced provides one of the best historical examples confirming the ideas put forth in the first section. The quite surprising rise of modern physics (which is comprised of quantum and relativistic theory) from the monolith of classical physics followed from a fundamental shift in assumptions and a fresh view of the physical state space. As we will see in the following discussion, a shift in the paradigm from the macroscopic to the microscopic nature of the Universe leads to a reevaluation of the empirical evidence already at hand. The experimental evidence could not be understood (or better, properly linked to a formal model) until the simplifying assumptions on which the treatment of mechanics was based were revisited and revised. The new mechanical constructs that reflect both a shift in the way the state space is viewed and how the observables are linked to a formal theoretical model compose the language and concepts of modern physics. As such they are the foundation of modern natural science. We will follow the historical development of the quantum theory as an example of model making and will use this perspective as our approach for learning the details of the field.
Modifications et cycles évanescents sur une base de dimension supérieure à un

For a given morphism of schemes f:X->S, a sheaf F on X, a geometric point x on X, and s=f(x), the morphism f\_x : X(x) -> S(s) between the strict henselizations doesn't necessarily behave (with respect to F) like a proper morphism. However, we know it is so (assuming constructibility of F etc.) if S is the spectrum of a dvr (P. Deligne, SGA 4 1/2, [Th. finitude]). In this article, we prove it becomes so after an appropriate modification of the base S. The main ingredient is a theorem by A.J. de Jong on plurinodal fibrations. An application of this formalism to Lefschetz pencils is given.