cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional surface descriptions from sensed data.

Computer graphics are being employed in several fields to display images of objects that have never been seen by human eyes. The information collected by CAT scanners, ultrasound sensing systems, and other automatic measuring devices is typically not in a displayable form. This paper surveys several techniques for constucting three-dimensional descriptions of these sensed objects in forms suitable for manipulation by computer graphics display programs.
The identification of mirror state structure in 21Na and 21Ne

Abstract Angular correlation studies with the 24 Mg ( p ,α) 21 Na (P O ) 20 Ne reaction establish J = 5 2 and 1 2 spin assignments for the respective 3540 and 2804 keV 21Na states. Mirror pair identification between the 21Ne 2790 keV and 21Na 2804 keV states indicates a J π = 1 2 − assignment thereto.
THE EFFECT OF DIETHYLSTILBESTROL ON THE IN VITRO FORMATION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN THE LIVER AS MEASURED WITH RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS

LAWRENCE and Riddle (1916) reported that lipids of the blood are increased in the fowl during the egg-laying season. This finding was confirmed by Lorenz,. Entenman and Chaikoff (1938), who showed, that in birds actively engaged in egg-laying there is a marked but variable increase in the levels of triglycerides, phospholipids and free cholesterol of the blood. Since the rise in blood lipids was observed first in the pubescent female containing ova in the rapid growth stage, but at no time from early age to past maturity was detectable in the male bird, these workers concluded that ovarian activity is involved in these lipid changes. This conclusion was upheld in later experiments (Entenman, Lorenz and Chaikoff, 1938) in which it was shown that injections of pregnant-mare serum, which contains a gonad-stimulating principle, led to a rise in the levels of all the blood-lipid constituents of the immature female bird.
Landscape architecture's commitment to landscape concept: a missing link?

This paper is primarily derived from the notion that neither landscape-based approaches nor the discipline of landscape architecture have yet fully engaged in responding to this decade's complex environmental and social challenges, since both landscape phenomena and discipline are to some extent under the influence of 19th century Romanticism and a number of obsolete ideas. This misalignment, at least from other planning and design disciplines’ point of view, has impeded further development of the discipline in effectively engaging with the multiple interfaces possible in the environmental and social realms. To investigate this notion, a two-stage approach outlined here aims at establishing a constructive continuum between ‘landscape’, ‘landscape concept’ and the ‘discipline’ in order to extrapolate landscape architecture's own concept and thus establish a sound basis for self-criticism within the discipline. Self-criticism in conjunction with the continuum could not only produce new approaches to (un)bui...
Use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a tool for screening treated forages and by-products

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to measure the composition (NDF and CP) of diversely treated forages and byproducts. Samples (325) were selected randomly from 2808 possible sample and treatment combinations generated using 18 feedstuffs, 26 treatments (acids, bases, oxidizing and reducing agents, and heat), and six levels of reagent for each treatment. The NDF and CP were determined and calculated on an OM basis. Stepwise regressions using all 325 samples and 10nm between wavelengths gave R 2 and standard error of calibration of .87 and 4.1 for NDF and .93 and 1.5 for CP. Division of the 325 samples into calibration, validation, and test sets consisting of 4 of 9, 2 of 9, and 3 of 9 total samples, respectively, resulted for NDF in average R 2 and SE of .87, 4.1; 37, 4.3; and .82, 4.9 for the calibration, validation, and test sets, respectively, and for CP .92, 1.6; .94, 1.3; and .86, 2.1. The results for the all calibration set for NDF were similar to those for materials treated with sodium chlorite (less so for CP), indicating the potential for near infrared as a screening tool for treated feedstuffs. However, the poorer results for the test sets indicate that problems may exist with its use because of the wide diversity of samples and treatments present.
Heat flow in the north-central Colorado Plateau

We report new heat flow measurements at 25 evenly distributed sites in the north-central Colorado Plateau. Heat flow values computed for these new sites and one previously published site range from 43 to 116 mW m−2 but fall into the following distinct subsets related to physiographic and tectonic elements within the Plateau: (1) heat flow of 51 mW m−2 (12 sites; s.d. 6) in the San Rafael Swell and Green River Desert which constitute the core of the Colorado Plateau at this latitude, (2) heat flows of 69 mW m−2 (5 sites; s.d. 10) and 88 mW m−2 (4 sites; s.d. 19) in successive parallel north-south bands approaching the Wasatch Plateau to the west but still 80 km east of the Basin and Range physiographic boundary, (3) heat flow of 64 mW m−2 (5 sites; s.d. 2) along the Salt Anticline trend which strikes northwest in the region of Moab, Utah. Heat flow results for the entire Colorado Plateau have been reexamined in view of our new results, and the overall pattern supports the concept of a low heat flow ‘thermal interior’ for the plateau surrounded by a periphery some 100 km wide having substantially higher heat flow. Average heat flow in the thermal interior is about 60 mW m−2 compared to 80–90 mW m−2 in the periphery. This regional heat flow pattern supports a model of Tertiary lithospheric thinning under the Colorado Plateau whereby the plateau is still in transient thermal response and a 15–20 m.y. lag between uplift and corresponding surface heat flow anomaly is to be expected. The position of the heat flow transition between our interior and peripheral regions in the northwest plateau is roughly consistent with lateral warming and weakening of the Colorado Plateau lithosphere initiated at the Basin and Range boundary some 20 m.y. ago.
The wisdom of the coach: A review of managerial coaching in the Six Sigma context

This article makes the case for integrating coaching training into Six Sigma activities. It reviews the literature in the areas of process improvement, quality, leadership, and managerial coaching to show how the implementation of managerial coaching training for Six Sigma black belts would have a positive effect on the accumulation of knowledge within an organisation, thus enhancing the potential benefits of a Six Sigma process improvement effort. Current literature calls for practitioners and scholars to address Six Sigma black belts' lack of training in those soft skills that promote success and advancement within the Six Sigma project team setting. Coaching, defined as the facilitation of individual learning within an organisation, is vital to the growth of organisational learning. This paper incorporates current literature to show the inherent link between managerial coaching practice and expertise and the sustainability of Six Sigma programmes, which is essential for many companies to maintain a com...
Integrating Ad Information: A Text-Processing Perspective

This article utilizes psycholinguistic models to examine text processing in advertising. In particular, the article theorizes that forming an accurate mental representation of the text content of ads is essential for comprehension and can influence evaluations. Two conditions must be met in order to form a mental representation: referential continuity and coherence. A text possesses referential continuity if each of its parts refers, implicitly or explicitly, to an entity introduced in the previous part. A text is coherent if individuals can readily integrate its parts. Four empirical studies suggest that the repetition of certain verbal and pictorial cues can help provide referential continuity and that an ad's structure, or presentation format, can facilitate coherence but only when referential continuity is established.
Mechanism of DNA binding and localized strand separation by Purα and comparison with Pur family member, Purβ

Abstract Purα is a single-stranded (ss) DNA- and RNA-binding protein with three conserved signature repeats that have a specific affinity for guanosine-rich motifs. Purα unwinds a double-stranded oligonucleotide containing purine-rich repeats by maintaining contact with the purine-rich strand and displacing the pyrimidine-rich strand. Mutational analysis indicates that arginine and aromatic residues in the repeat region of Purα are essential for both ss- and duplex DNA binding. Purα binds either linearized or supercoiled plasmid DNA, generating a series of regularly spaced bands in agarose gels. This series is likely due to localized unwinding by quanta of Purα since removal of Purα in the gel eliminates the series and since Purα binding increases the sensitivity of plasmids to reaction with potassium permanganate, a reaction specific for unwound regions. Purα binding to linear duplex DNA creates binding sites for the phage T4 gp32 protein, an ss-DNA binding protein that does not itself bind linearized DNA. In contrast, Purβ lacking the Purα C-terminal region binds supercoiled DNA but not linearized DNA. Similarly, a C-terminal deletion of Purα can bind supercoiled pMYC7 plasmid, but cannot bind the same linear duplex DNA segment. Therefore, access to linear DNA initially requires C-terminal sequences of Purα.
Microfluidic Device for Spatial Control of Cell Seeding in Engineered Tissues

In vivo tissues have finely controlled hierarchical structure that is often difficult to mimic in vitro. Microfabrication techniques, such as microcontact printing, can be used to reproduce tissue structure in vitro by controlling cell shape and orientation [1]. Several recent results suggest that cellular organization and structure can influence tissue function in engineered tissues [2–4]. For example, using microcontact printing and muscular thin film technology, we recently demonstrated that engineered vascular tissues whose smooth muscle cells possessed more elongated spindle-like geometries, similar to in vivo structure, exhibited more physiological contractile function [5]. In these studies, cells were seeded using traditional imprecise seeding methods. But recent results have shown that cell-cell coupling plays a significant role in functional contractility [6], suggesting that not only cellular geometry, but cell-cell organization, within a tissue is important to reproduce in engineered tissues to mimic in vivo function.© 2013 ASME
Research on Prevention of Bilirubin-Induced Brain Injury and Kernicterus: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Conference Executive Summary

In July 2003, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development convened a conference, “Research on Prevention of Bilirubin-Induced Brain Injury and Kernicterus: Bench-to-Bedside.” This article will provide a summary of presentations and discussions from this conference. The summary will focus on the identified knowledge gaps in 5 areas related to bilirubin-induced brain injury and kernicterus: 1) neurobiology and neuroimaging; 2) epidemiology and issues of clinical management; 3) methodologies for assessing clinical jaundice and direct and noninvasive measurement of serum bilirubin and hemolysis; 4) therapies for management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia; and 5) public health surveillance and systems-based approaches to prevention.
Shared Organizational Values: Measurement and Impact Upon Strategic Marketing Implementation:

The concept of shared organizational values and its impact upon successful marketing strategy implementation are discussed. The need to measure the degree to which values within the organization are shared is stressed. A method to quantitatively measure the degree of value congruency and the strength of value consistency is proposed. An exploratory, empirical study is presented in which organization values are measured and found to impact upon strategy implementation.
Advances in treatment of de-novo pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the current management of de-novo pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML), excluding promyelocytic leukemia and myeloid neoplasms of patients with constitutional trisomy 21. The biology of pediatric AML, which differs from that of its adult counterpart, is briefly discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Although survival of childhood AML has improved substantially over the past 40 years, progress has reached a plateau. Pediatric AML comprises several subtypes with diverse prognosis. Currently, about 35% of patients die of the disease, and survivors have many debilitating late effects. Clinical trials reported over the past 5 years have revealed several therapeutic concepts. First, initial intensive myelosuppressive chemotherapy is necessary to sufficiently reduce minimal residual disease and is associated with improved disease-free survival. Second, postremission chemotherapy with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is necessary to eradicate AML. Third, central nervous system leukemia can be adequately managed with intrathecal chemotherapy and rarely requires radiotherapy. Finally, small differences in survival among clinical trials are explained by patient selection and quality of supportive care. SUMMARY The most crucial steps for progress are greater understanding of the biology of pediatric AML and introduction of new agents targeting specific AML subtypes and age-specific factors.
Evaluation of High-Resolution Satellite Precipitation Products over Very Complex Terrain in Ethiopia

Abstract This study focuses on the evaluation of 3-hourly, 0.25° × 0.25°, satellite-based precipitation products: the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42RT, the NOAA/Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN). CMORPH is primarily microwave based, 3B42RT is primarily microwave based when microwave data are available and infrared based when microwave data are not available, and PERSIANN is primarily infrared based. The results show that 1) 3B42RT and CMORPH give similar rainfall fields (in terms of bias, spatial structure, elevation-dependent trend, and distribution function), which are different from PERSIANN rainfall fields; 2) PERSIANN does not show the elevation-dependent trend observed in rain gauge values, 3B42RT, and CMORPH; and 3) PERSIANN considerably underestimates rainfall in high-elevation areas.
An MBoC Favorite: Creativity and graduate education.

My University of California, Berkeley, colleague Jasper Rine brought this article to my attention when we served on a committee to overhaul our graduate curriculum. The author challenges conventional approaches to teaching graduate classes, arguing that creativity is something that can and should be nurtured (Paulovich, 1993). The article provides constructive suggestions for how some simple tweaks to how we teach can help graduate students achieve their creative potentials. Inspired by this article, our curriculum is being designed not only to provide students with depth and breadth, but also to develop their capacities as innovators.
Systematics of the genus Candida Berkhout: proton magnetic resonance spectra of the mannans and mannose-containing polysaccharides as an aid in classification.

The proton magnetic resonance (p.m.r.) spectra of the mannans, galactomannans and mannose-containing heteropolysaccharides of a number of species ofCandida were determined, and compared with the spectra of similar polysaccharides of some species of the sporogenous generaPichia, Hansenula, Endomycopsis, Debaryomyces andSaccharomyces. Similarities among the spectra were used as an aid in classification. TheCandida species studied were placed in four groups: 1) thoseCandida species classified as asporogenous forms of perfect species, 2) those which produce mannose-containing polysaccharides having p.m.r. spectra resembling those of the mannans of known perfect species, 3) members of theCandida parapsilosis group, 4) thoseCandida species which did not ferment glucose and which were not included in one of the other groups.
Regulated DNA Methylation and the Circadian Clock: Implications in Cancer

Since the cloning and discovery of DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), there has been a growing interest in DNA methylation, its role as an epigenetic modification, how it is established and removed, along with the implications in development and disease. In recent years, it has become evident that dynamic DNA methylation accompanies the circadian clock and is found at clock genes in Neurospora, mice and cancer cells. The relationship among the circadian clock, cancer and DNA methylation at clock genes suggests a correlative indication that improper DNA methylation may influence clock gene expression, contributing to the etiology of cancer. The molecular mechanism underlying DNA methylation at clock loci is best studied in the filamentous fungi, Neurospora crassa, and recent data indicate a mechanism analogous to the RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM) or RNAi-mediated facultative heterochromatin. Although it is still unclear, DNA methylation at clock genes may function as a terminal modification that serves to prevent the regulated removal of histone modifications. In this capacity, aberrant DNA methylation may serve as a readout of misregulated clock genes and not as the causative agent. This review explores the implications of DNA methylation at clock loci and describes what is currently known regarding the molecular mechanism underlying DNA methylation at circadian clock genes.
High temperature crack growth in silicon nitride under static and cyclic loading : Short-crack behavior and brittle-ductile transition

Abstract Crack propagation in Si3N4 at elevated temperatures was investigated using controlled surface flaws. Crack growth was generally slower under cyclic than static loading conditions. Concomitantly, there was a tendency for crack growth rate to initially decelerate despite an increasing driving force, exhibiting the so-called short-crack behavior. This tendency became more pronounced at higher temperatures, lower stress intensity factors, and larger cyclic stress variations. A corresponding transition in the crack profile, from a sharp to a blunt crack, was observed. These phenomena are attributed to evolutions of crack-wake shielding. Specifically, with rising temperature and stress cycling, grain fraction is lowered, triple points are separated and massive grain pullout is triggered. This mode of pullout mechanism is qualitatively distinct from that operating at lower temperatures, and the transition is believed to occur when the slip length of the grain boundary reaches the average half-length of the grain. This picture is supported by a fracture mechanics estimation of crack growth rate, crack opening displacement and characteristic length of theR-curve based on the pullout mechanism.
An adaptable discrete variable representation based on coherent states

Abstract A novel approach for constructing a discrete variable representation (DVR) is described. The procedure involves two basis transformations. A finite, nonorthogonal, and overcomplete coherent state (CS) basis is transformed to an orthonormal basis via singular value decomposition (SVD). This orthonormal basis is then transformed to a DVR in the usual manner. This DVR is easily optimized for specific problems by restricting CS to relevant phase space regions. The SVD allows one to tailor the desired level of accuracy uniformly over the entire desired energy range. The method is illustrated with application to a two-dimensional Henon–Heiles potential.
Solubilities of diamondoids in supercritical solvents

The solubilities of the diamondoids, adamantane and diamantane, in carbon dioxide, ethane, and methane have been measured using a flow apparatus at 333 K (the solubility of diamantane in methane was measured at 353 K) and pressures ranging from 5.31 MPa to 20.10 MPa. The data were correlated as functions of the solvent density and also using the Patel−Teja equation of state. Solubility enhancement for each diamondoid followed regular behavior with respect to the solvent density.
Identification of gifted children: A comparison of the scores on stanford‐binet 4th edition and form LM

This study compared the performance of 51 gifted children on the Stanford‐Binet LM and the Stanford‐Binet 4th Edition. When composite scores were compared, the mean difference between scores on the two tests was significant. The LM IQ was higher than the SB4. Correlations between the LM total and 4th Edition area scores were significant. These results suggest that the SB4 can be used as a part of a system for identifying gifted children but the composite score cut‐off value may have to be adjusted. Further study of the visual abstract reasoning tests is recommended since this sample of gifted children seemed to function quite differently on them than on the verbal and quantitative reasoning tests.
Studies with the Ionization Gauge. I. Construction and Method of Calibration

An Ionization Gauge for Measuring Very Low Pressures.---This gauge is the result of an attempt to develop a more convenient instrument than those previously available. It is based upon the fact that the positive ionization produced by a given stream of electrons varies with the gas pressure. By adopting a construction similar to that used for low power pliotrons, erratic effects due to the charging up of the glass walls were avoided and, with a constant electron emission, a linear relation was obtained between ionization current and pressure down to the lowest pressure actually obtaiued, about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ bar. For pressures above ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ bar the calibration was carried out by comparison with a McLeod gauge; but for lower pressures a method was used which involves an application of Knudsen's laws of flow. Characteristic curves showing the effect of varying the positive voltage and the electron emission on the ionization current are given. The low limit of pressure measurable with such a gauge is fixed only by the sensitivity of the galvanometer used to measure the ionization current. With an ordinary sensitive galvanometer, pressures as low as ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ bar can readily be determined.
Abstract B254: Targeted disruption of the EZH2-EED complex inhibits EZH2-dependent cancer.

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is the histone lysine N-methyltransferase component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which, in conjunction with embryonic ectoderm development (EED) and suppressor of zeste 12 homolog(SUZ12), regulates cell lineage determination and homeostasis. Enzymatic hyperactivity of EZH2 has been linked to aberrant repression of tumor suppressor genes in diverse cancers. Here, we report the development of stabilized a-helix of EZH2 (SAH-EZH2) peptides that selectively inhibit H3 Lys27 trimethylation by dose-responsively disrupting the EZH2-EED complex and reducing EZH2 protein levels, a mechanism distinct from that reported for small-molecule EZH2 inhibitors targeting the enzyme catalytic domain. The essential α-helical domain of EZH2 (residues 40-68) that engages EED established the basis for designing hydrocarbon-stapled derivatives to disrupt the specific protein interaction. Non-natural amino acids with olefinic side chains were substituted at (i, i + 4) positions within the EZH2 α-helical sequence, followed by ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis, to yield SAH-EZH2 peptides. Our lead, cell-permeable analog effectively targeted EED in situ, dissociated the EZH2-EED complex and impaired the function of PRC2, as reflected by reduction of the H3K27me3 and EZH2 protein levels, and increased expression of PRC2-regulated cell differentiation marker genes. In response to SAH-EZH2 treatment, murine MLL-AF9 leukemia cells, which are PRC2-dependent, manifested growth arrest and monocyte-macrophage differentiation, in accordance with the phenotypic consequences of shRNA-mediated reduction of EZH2 (or EED) or genetic ablation of Ezh2 (or Eed). In evaluating SAH-EZH2 activity alongside the small-molecule EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 in a series of B-cell lymphoma lines, we observed sequence-specific antiproliferative responses, transcriptional modulation, cellular specificity and a distinct mechanism of action for SAH-EZH2. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B254. Citation Format: Woojin Kim, Gregory H. Bird, Tobias Neff, Guoji Guo, Marc A. Kerenyi, Loren D. Walensky, Stuart H. Orkin. Targeted disruption of the EZH2-EED complex inhibits EZH2-dependent cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B254.
The beats and eastern religion

Out of the crew‐cut, post war 1950s, a lone rebellion emerged in the United States. The Beat movement, as it was soon known, began in New York and San Francisco, but due to negative publicity was soon recognized throughout the North America. The Beats smoked marijuana, were sexually promiscuous, and several were homosexual. They turned the norms of North American society sideways to reformulate the rules they wanted to live by. The Beats were curious about religion and spiritualities that were foreign to the general population of the United States in the 1950s. This search for a spirituality eventually led them to Buddhism.
Toms observations of total ozone in the 1986 Antarctic spring

Total ozone measurements by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) aboard the Nimbus 7 satellite show the reappearance in 1986 of the extreme springtime Antarctic ozone minimum during September and October.The minimum total ozone amounts descended to 156 Dobson Units; the minimum October average of 185 DU was 27 DU higher than the corresponding average in 1985 and 5 DU less than the 1984 average. This behavior indicates a pause in the downward trend of recent years.
Curve fitting complex Mössbauer spectra; application to HoBa2(Cu0.95Fe0.05)3O7.02

Abstract A method for determining the best fit of a complex Mossbauer spectrum is presented and applied to the room temperature 57Fe Mossbauer spectrum of HoBa2(Cu0.95Fe0.05)3O7.02. The method generates many “good fits” as do previous methods. The “best fit”, which is the goal of curve fitting, is selected from the class of good fits by means of a statistical test using the “F” function. The best fit for this compound represents 7 doublets. This is significantly larger than the previously reported number (3 or 4) of subspectra associated with REBa2(Cu1−xFex)3Oy compounds. Assuming no mixed valence, this implies 7 Fe sites. This result is also significantly larger than the previously reported number of Fe sites (1–4) in the REBa2(Cu1−xFex)3Oy compounds. For 6 of the 7 doublets, the isomer shift, quadrupole splitting and line width are strongly correlated. The valence state corresponding to these 6 doublets is high spin + 4. The seventh doublet is high spin + 3. The sum of Mossbauer site multiplicities is related to the number of accidental degeneracies by a sum rule.
The ribosomes of Drosophila. I. Subunit and protein composition.

Functional ribosomes from Drosophila virilis dissociate to form 40S and 55S subunits. One-dimensional gel electrophoresis in either dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels (Fig. 1) or urea-acrylamide gels (Fig. 2) reveal complex protein patterns. Increased resolution in two-dimensional acrylamide gels (Figs. 3 and 4) indicate the existence of at least 28 proteins in the small subunit, and 39 proteins in the large subunit. Molecular weight estimates indicate a molecular weight range (and average) of 16500–40000 (25800) for the 40S subunit proteins, and 12500–45000 (24300) for the 55S subunit proteins. Comparison of larval and adult ribosomal protein patterns did not reveal qualitative differences between them.
‘Tuftsin’: a Natural Phagocytosis Stimulating Peptide

WE have shown in this laboratory that a specific cell bound leucophilic γ-globulin fraction, leucokinin, is essential for maximal stimulation of the phagocytic activity of the blood neutrophilic leucocyte1,2. We now report that the whole stimulatory effect of leucokinin can be ascribed to a single peptide fragment liberated by a specific enzyme in the outer membrane of the neutrophile. We shall refer to this peptide as ‘tuftsin’ (after Tufts University) and to the enzyme as leucokininase. The peptide ‘tuftsin’ has been produced in vitro from a γ-globulin fraction, PC IV, by treatment with leucokininase. PC IV is prepared by chromatography on phosphocellulose columns3 and contains all the leucokinin activity of serum γ-globulin2.
Information systems development: can there be “good” conflict?

Successful information systems development (ISD) is a perennial concern of both practitioners and researchers. As the scope of ISD expands to provide enterprise-wide and web-based systems, the set of individuals in ISD includes many whose responsibilities and experiences cross organizational functions. The involvement of this diverse set of individuals in ISD can lead to increased levels of conflict within the development group. However, not all conflict is detrimental to organizational tasks. This paper presents conflict and the resulting conflict resolution as a facet of team development. Conflict can take two general forms. The first form of conflict, interpersonal, has a negative or dysfunctional impact on group tasks and relations, and can lead to turnoever. The second form, task conflict, has a positive impact on group tasks. The need for ISD teams to recognize different types of conflict and successfully resolve them is presented within the context of an overall model of team and systems development.
Female Body Traffic in Ulrich Seidl's Import/Export and Ursula Biemann's Remote Sensing and Europlex

It is a paradox of contemporary social science that the shifting dynamic and increasing importance of border zones within the globalized economy has resisted comprehensive or global explanations. Hewing to a residually Leninist paradigm, the geopolitical expert Parag Khanna argues that globalization is a new form of economic imperialism: “The European Union has become the one contemporary empire that continues to expand, year after year, by absorbing new countries – with many more in line begging to join in” (Khanna xvi–xvii). Although the work of certain contemporary European filmmakers does not provide a thorough conceptual framework for interpreting globalization, it arguably does afford a more ramified and less binary understanding of the effects that globalization has on the “first world.” The Greek filmmaker Angela Melitopoulos theorizes the relationship between “fortress Europe” and poorer eastern countries not as a centripetal domination of a larger body over a smaller one, but as an interpenetration that is made possible through the creation of makeshift buffer zones:
Simulating Doppler components in the vehicle-to-vehicle communication channel

Deep understanding of the Doppler spectrum components is an indispensable part to alleviate fading impairments in Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANET). This paper presents a method to simulate the different Doppler components, incorporating vehicle speeds, environment and traffic. We hope this can serve as a building block for realistic simulation, and can be used to improve the reliability and robustness of wireless communications in VANET systems.
Octopole moment of CH3D

The magnitude of an effective octopole moment of CH3D has been obtained as ΩCH3D = (5.6 ± 1.5) × 10−34 esu cm3 by a comparison of calculated and measured values of self-broadened linewidths for J = 6 → 7 transitions in the pure rotational spectrum of this molecule.
Minimal representation of t -openings via pattern bases

Abstract Minimization of binary τ-opening bases is characterized by defining openings relative to pattern classes. Minimal pattern bases are unique and algorithmically derived for finite bases. They are used to derive a minimal bounding τ-opening for an antiextensive, increasing operator from the minimal erosion representation of the operator.
Interstitial flow induces MMP-1 expression and SMC migration in 3-D collagen I gels via an ERK1/2-c-Jun pathway and mechanosenation by heparan sulfate proteoglycans and focal adhesions

The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts into the intima after vascular injury is a central process in vascular lesion formation. The elevation of transmural interstitial flow is also observed after damage to the vascular endothelium. We have previously shown that interstitial flow promotes vascular cell motility in 3-D collagen I gels via upregulation of MMP-1. In this work, we further reveal that interstitial flow-induced MMP-1 expression and cell migration proceeds through the ERK1/2-c-Jun pathway. We also show that heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) are sensors and transmitters which convert the interstitial flow stimulus to biomolecular responses and altered cell function (migration). Our findings suggest that interstitial flow shear stress may play an important role in migration of SMCs and fibroblasts during neointima formation and vascular remodeling.
Dual Laser Ionization in Flames: A Search for Electrical Interferences

Experimental studies of electrical interferences in the dual laser ionization technique are reported and compared to those commonly encountered in laser-enhanced ionization spectrometry. For the dual laser ionization of sodium, the addition of easily ionized matrix components such as cesium, lithium, and potassium were found to have little or no effect on signal recovery. Similar results were obtained in experiments with lithium and strontium as the analytes. Some chemical interferences were found and discussed.
The relationship between grain size and the surface roughening behavior of Al-Mg alloys

The inhomogeneous surface deformation generated during metal forming presents significant challenges to the use of high-strength, lightweight alloys in automotive applications through the initiation of strain localizations that produce both tearing during metal forming and increased friction between mating die surfaces. Thus, a generic understanding of the relationships between plastic strain, grain size, and deformation-induced roughness at the free surface is needed before forming models can be fully developed to accurately predict the behavior and, ultimately, the changes in the friction within the dies. This research examines the roughening behavior of a solid solution strengthened, commercial Al-Mg alloy. The results of this evaluation indicate that the standard roughness measures increase with uniaxial plastic strain in a manner that can be represented by a simple linear estimate. The results also demonstrate that the roughening rate (dR a/dɛ pl) is dependent on the grain size in this alloy, and the relationship between the roughening rate and grain size also appears to be linear for the range of grain sizes included in this evaluation. However, examinations of the roughened surfaces reflect that the roughening process is a highly complex combination of mechanisms and it is strongly influenced by grain size. As a result, representing the complex changes that occur during roughening of a free surface by plastic deformation with a single number calculated from profilometry scans may be too coarse of a measure to fully describe these changes when modeling roughness-dependent behavior or properties.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRITIUM FALLOUT IN PRECIPITATION OVER NORTH AMERICA

Summary In 1958 the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Weather Bureau jointly conducted a study of tritium fallout distribution over the continental United States, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. The observation period extended from early April to late July in most areas. While this was insufficient to cover the decay side of the curve, it was sufficiently long to establish general trends of tritium activity contours. Tritium activities were found to be maximum in the north central part of the country and minimum in coastal areas. The tritium activities show an inverse correlation with chloride concentrations in precipitation. Tritium activities in precipitation appear to be influenced by several “low altitude effects” particularly in storms of brief duration. Ground level tritium activity measurements are not directly representative of tritium in cloud moisture because of these effects.
Evaluation of the mosaic model for polymer single crystals

By analogy with observed alteration of electron diffraction intensities from other crystalline long-chain materials (e.g., paraffins) the mosaic model for polymer single crystals is evaluated. When many strong diffracted beams are excited simultaneously, the two-beam dynamical diffraction theory (which then must be a consequence of the mosaic model) is shown not to be an adequate explanation of the electron diffraction intensities from such crystals; the n-beam dynamical theory is much more adequate. Further, observed bend contours in these crystals indicate significant bend distortion. This is confirmed by observed modulation of diffraction intensities which are well explained by Cowley's model for diffraction from elastically bent crystals. Other experiments on these crystals reveal the bends to be irregular. Rocking curves reveal that bends also explain diffraction line broadening, as also proposed by White. The most accurate description of molecular organic microcrystals is therefore that of a deformed foil and not a mosaic.
Stop-motion prototyping for tangible interfaces

Stop-motion animation brings the constraints of the body, space and materials into video production. Building on the tradition of video prototyping for interaction design, stop motion is an effective technique for concept development in the design of Tangible User Interfaces. This paper presents a framework for stop-motion prototyping and the results of two workshops based on stop-motion techniques including pixillation, claymation and time-lapse photography. The process of stop-motion prototyping fosters collaboration, legibility and rapid iterative design in a physical context that can be useful to the early stages of tangible interaction design.
Rotational and Translational Dynamics of Rodlike Polymers: A Combined Transient Electric Birefringence and Dynamic Light Scattering Study

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transient electric birefringence decay measurements are performed on poly(γ-benzyl-α-l-glutamate) solutions over a wide concentration range. We interpret the primary dynamic decay rate always observed from dynamic light scattering experiments by extending the expression for the decay rate beyond the original limits of the mean field (DSO theory) theory of Doi, Shimada and Okano, (J. Chem. Phys. 1988, 88, 4070) to more general time and length scales. Our result, expressed as a power series in the scattering vector magnitude q, shows that, as expected, the primary decay rate from dynamic light scattering experiments at small q directly provides diffusion coefficients for mutual translation, whereas that at larger q contains contributions from both rotation and translation, including terms containing the translational anisotropy. The rotational relaxation times are obtained independently from the transient electric birefringence experiments and are used in our formula to ex...
Quality, Race, and the Urban Education Marketplace:

A key issue in urban education policy is the potential impact of market-based reforms. Using a data set encompassing 50 urban school systems, the authors investigate the market reform hypothesis by...
Generation of trans-π-pentadienyliron tricarbonyl cations from protonation of (trans,trans-2,4-hexadienal)iron tricarbonyl

Abstract Protonation of ( trans,trans -2,4-hexadienal)iron tricarbonyl, (V) has been shown to yield two trans -pentadienyliron cations, an s-cis form, (VIa) and an s-trans form (VIb), in an approximately equal ratio. This ratio represents a kinetically controlled product distribution and indicates that the original unprotonated aldehyde complex was present in equally populated s-cis and s-trans forms. Both trans ions, (VIa) and (VIb) isomerize to the cis ion (VIIb), Δ F ne = 18.5 kcal/mol. From an analysis of the kinetics and NMR line widths it is clear that the barrier to rotation about the C 1 C 2 bond in (VI) is at least 15 kcal/mol and probably considerably exceeds this number. At temperatures below −100° the OH protons of (VIa) and (VIb) can be observed owing to slow exchange at this temperature. Chemical shifts of these protons indicate extensive charge delocalization.
Toward understanding the role of auditing in the public sector

Abstract This study addresses the relationship between the supply of auditing in the public sector and political competition expected in future elections. Empirical tests that use cross-sectional data from state governments reveal positive correlations between state audit budgets and measures of political competition. These results are consistent with an argument that public officials' incentives to supply auditing arise from contracting between the officials and their supporting interests.
Entry Strategies in Business Process Offshoring

Business process offshoring (BPO) has emerged as an important strategy and a prevalent landscape in global service operations management. As one of the first attempts to analyze this challenging issue in an emerging market, this study examines how firms develop a set of global expansion strategies, including where (location), when (timing), and what (diversification), that are unique to BPO service operations. Our analysis of 424 BPO service operations centers in India demonstrates that BPO units with greater knowledge specialization tend to operate in more developed cities and that information connectivity, government support, and human resources competitiveness are critical locational determinants. Although BPO investment is less path dependent than traditional foreign direct investment, behavioral variables, such as assertiveness and pre-BPO experience in the host locations, are important factors behind the timing decision. Finally, BPO units involving lower knowledge specialization or higher process m...
IR laser absorption diagnostic for C2H4 in shock tube kinetics studies

An IR laser absorption diagnostic has been further developed for accurate and sensitive time-resolved measurements of ethylene in shock tube kinetic experiments. The diagnostic utilizes the P14 line of a tunable CO2 gas laser at 10.532 μm (the (0 0 1) (1 0 0) vibrational band) and achieves improved signal-to-noise ratio by using IR photovoltaic detectors and accurate identification of the P14 line via an MIR wavemeter. Ethylene absorption cross sections were measured over 643–1959 K and 0.3–18.6 atm behind both incident and reflected shock waves, showing evident exponential decay with temperature. Very weak pressure dependence was observed over the pressure range of 1.2–18.6 atm. By measuring ethylene decomposition time histories at high-temperature conditions (1519–1895 K, 2.0–2.8 atm) behind reflected shocks, the rate coefficient of the dominant elementary reaction C2H4 + M C2H2 + H2 + M was determined to be k1 = (2.6 ± 0.5) × 1016exp(−34,130/T, K) cm3 mol−1 s−1 with low data scatter. Ethylene concentration time histories were also measured during the oxidation of 0.5% C2H4/O2/Ar mixtures varying in equivalence ratio from 0.25 to 2. Initial reflected shock conditions ranged from 1267 to 1440 K and 2.95 to 3.45 atm. The measured time histories were compared to the modeled predictions of four ethylene oxidation mechanisms, showing excellent agreement with the Ranzi et al. mechanism (updated in 2011). This diagnostic scheme provides a promising tool for the study and validation of detailed hydrocarbon pyrolysis and oxidation mechanisms of fuel surrogates and realistic fuels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 423–432, 2012
On students’ conceptions of arithmetic average: the case of inference from a fixed total

There is more to understanding the concept of mean than simply knowing and applying the add-them-up and divide algorithm. In the following, we discuss a component of understanding the mean – inference from a fixed total – that has been largely ignored by researchers studying students understanding of mean. We add this component to the list of types of reasoning needed to understand mean and discuss student responses to tasks designed to elicit this component of reasoning. These responses reveal that inference from a fixed total reasoning is rare even in advance high school students.
Impact of the Economic Crisis and Increase in Food Prices on Child Mortality: Exploring Nutritional Pathways

The current economic crisis and food price increase may have a widespread impact on the nutritional and health status of populations, especially in the developing world. Gains in child survival over the past few decades are likely to be threatened and millennium development goals will be harder to achieve. Beyond starvation, which is one of the causes of death in famine situations, there are numerous nutritional pathways by which childhood mortality can increase. These include increases in childhood wasting and stunting, intrauterine growth restriction, and micronutrient deficiencies such as that of vitamin A, iron, and zinc when faced with a food crisis and decreased food availability. These pathways are elucidated and described. Although estimates of the impact of the current crisis on child mortality are yet to be made, data from previous economic crises provide evidence of an increase in childhood mortality that we review. The current situation also emphasizes that there are vast segments of the world's population living in a situation of chronic food insecurity that are likely to be disproportionately affected by an economic crisis. Nutritional and health surveillance data are urgently needed in such populations to monitor both the impacts of a crisis and of interventions. Addressing the nutritional needs of children and women in response to the present crisis is urgent. But, ensuring that vulnerable populations are also targeted with known nutritional interventions at all times is likely to have a substantial impact on child mortality.
The density and speed of sound of Orca basin waters1

The composition of samples of waters collected in the Orca depression (Gulf of Mexico) above and below the seawater-brine interface was characterized by measuring chlorinity (CZ) and salinity (S). The ratio of S:CZ = 1.6823 in the brines, compared with 1.6817 calculated from composition data, Densities and sound speeds of the waters were measured at 15”, 25”, and 35°C and the results fit to chlorinity functions. The standard deviations in density are ~60 x 10es g. cme3, in sound speed -1.2 m * s-l. These standard errors are about 6 times larger than the precision of the measurements and are due to errors in determining CZ and to changes in the brine composition across the interface. Conductivity, density, and sound speed were measured in weight-diluted brine samples and the results used to calculate the relationship of evaporation salinity (S,,,,) to salinity calculated from measurements on standard seawater. The differences in S,,,, and S determined from properties of standard seawater are caused by hydration changes in the major constituents. The measured brine densities were compared with values calculated by using an additivity method and the known composition of the waters and agree to within 2280 x lops g*cmp3 over the temperature range measured,