cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pituitary portal vessel infusion of hypothalamic extract and release of LH, FSH and prolactin.

Extracts of hypothalamic tissue (HE) or of cerebrocortical tissue were infused into stalk portal vessels of anesthetized male rats. The extract of cerebrocortical tissue, equal in weight to ½ of a hypothalamic fragment, had no effect on the release of LH, FSH, or prolactin. HE caused an increase in the levels of LH and FSH in arterial plasma and simultaneously a decrease in the level of prolactin. The responses to HE were related to the concentration of the extract. For example, in rats given HE equivalent to ½1 ⅙, or ½ of a hypothalamic fragment per 30 min, the concentrations of LH in plasma at the end of the infusion period were 2.5, 4.5 and 6.9 times the control values, respectively. The corresponding levels of FSH were 1.6, 2.2 and 2.9, and of prolactin 0.73, 0.55 and 0.37. After the infusion of HE was terminated, the concentrations of LH and FSH in plasma fell and that of prolactin rose. The half-times of the disappearance functions of prolactin, LH and FSH in plasma of rats after hypophysectomy were...
Using Consumer Incentives to Increase Well-Child Visits Among Low-Income Children

This quasi-experimental study examines the impact of Idaho's wellness incentive program, which rewards children with CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Programs) who are up-to-date with well-child visits with $30 in credits per quarter for use toward their CHIP premiums. Between baseline and the second year of implementation, the percentage of CHIP children who were up-to-date with well-child visits increased by 116% (from 23% to 49%), compared with a 13% increase (from 29% to 32%) among children with Medicaid, who were not eligible for the incentive. The incentive program had a greater impact on children who were recommended to have one annual well-child visit compared with those recommended to have two to four annual visits. The program was not, however, more effective for those whose premiums were fully covered by the reward compared with those whose premiums were partially covered. This study provides encouraging evidence to states about using consumer financial incentives for increasing preventive care use.
The differential impact of unique behavioral and psychological symptoms for the dementia caregiver: how and why do patients' individual symptom clusters impact caregiver depressive symptoms?

Objective The behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia (BPSD) are highly burdensome to caregivers. While BPSD consist of a wide variety of patient behaviors including depression, physical aggression, and paranoid delusions, it remains unclear whether specific symptoms have a differential impact on caregivers. The aims of this study were 1) to assess how individual BPSD, categorized based on how they may affect caregivers, impact depressive symptoms for dementia patient caregivers and 2) to test the pathways by which BPSD clusters impact caregiver depressive symptoms. Design Cross-sectional analysis of data from a longitudinal study of patients with Alzheimer disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Setting Multiple U.S. dementia clinics. Participants One hundred sixty patient–caregiver dyads. Methods Using multivariate generalized estimating equation logistic models, we analyzed the relationship between four BPSD clusters (patient depressive symptoms, accusatory/aggressive behaviors, nonthreatening psychotic symptoms, and difficult to manage behaviors) and caregiver depressive symptoms and assessed mediators of these relationships. Results Only the presence of patient depressive symptoms was associated with caregiver depression (odds ratio: 1.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–2.1). This relationship was mediated by caregiver report of both the symptom's impact on the patient and perceived burden to caregivers. Conclusion Patient depressive symptoms may be the most important driver of the relationship between BPSD and caregiver depression. Research in this field should further test the effects of individual BPSD and also consider how symptoms may negatively impact caregivers by increasing burden and evoking empathy for the patient.
Buoyancy Arrest and Bottom Ekman Transport. Part I: Steady Flow

It is well known that along-isobath flow above a sloping bottom gives rise to cross-isobath Ekman transport and therefore sets up horizontal density gradients if the ocean is stratified. These transports in turn eventually bring the along-isobath bottom velocity, hence bottom stress, to rest (‘‘buoyancy arrest’’) simply by means of the thermal wind shear. This problem is revisited here. A modified expression for Ekman transport is rationalized, and general expressions for buoyancy arrest time scales are presented. Theory and numerical calculations are used to define a new formula for boundary layer thickness for the case of downslope Ekman transport, where a thick, weakly stratified arrested boundary layer results. For upslope Ekman transport, where advection leads to enhanced stability, expressions are derived for both the weakly sloping (in the sense of slope Burger number s 5 aN/f, where a is the bottom slope, N is the interior buoyancy frequency, and f is the Coriolis parameter) case where a capped boundary layer evolves and the larger s case where a nearly linearly stratified boundary layer joins smoothly to the interior density profile. Consistent estimates for the buoyancy arrest time scale are found for each case.
A review of recent advances in risk analysis for wildfire management

Risk analysis evolved out of the need to make decisions concerning highly stochastic events, and is well suited to analyse the timing, location and potential effects of wildfires. Over the past 10 years, the application of risk analysis to wildland fire management has seen steady growth with new risk-based analytical tools that support a wide range of fire and fuels management planning scales from individual incidents to national, strategic interagency programs. After a brief review of the three components of fire risk – likelihood, intensity and effects – this paper reviews recent advances in quantifying and integrating these individual components of fire risk. We also review recent advances in addressing temporal dynamics of fire risk and spatial optimisation of fuels management activities. Risk analysis approaches have become increasingly quantitative and sophisticated but remain quite disparate. We suggest several necessary and fruitful directions for future research and development in wildfire risk analysis.
The application of SpyScope® technology in evaluation of pre and post liver transplant biliary problems

Amac: Peroral kolanjiyoskopinin uygulanmas›n›n s›n›rl› olma- s› SpyScope teknolojisinin geliflmesine sebep olmufltur. Bu ret- rospektif cal›flman›n amac› SpyScope'un etkinlii ve Trans- plant Kliniimizde uygulama alanlar›n›n belirlenmesidir. Yontem ve Gerec: Hastalar›n kay›tlar› retrospektif olarak de- ¤erlendirilmifltir. Endikasyonlar nakil oncesi (Grup I) ve nakil sonras› (Grup II) safra yolu darl›klar›n›n deerlendirilmesi fleklindedir. Gerektiinde SpyBite biyopsi forsepsi ile direk go- rufl alt›nda biyopsi al›nm›flt›r. Demografik ozellikler, SpyScope endikasyonlar›n›n deerlendirilmesi, sonuclar ve histopatolojik
Fetal pancreatic glucagon responses in glucose-intolerant nonhuman primate pregnancy.

Abstract Rhesus monkey pancreatic alpha-cell function in streptozotocin-induced glucose-intolerant pregnancy is similar to that in normal primate pregnancy. Specifically, basal maternal and fetal plasma glucagon levels equate, and the fetal alpha cell does not respond to the glucagonogenic stimulus of either intravenous alanine or insulin-induced hypoglycemia. This contrasts with the accelerated maturation of the fetal beta cell in glucose-intolerant pregnancy, and does not support the concept of functional coupling of the pancreatic islet by a common glucose-based process. Fetal plasma glucagon levels do increase after l -dopa injection to the fetus. These data indicate that alpha cell unresponsiveness is a function of the glucagon-releasing mechanism rather than inadequate hormonal synthesis.
Morphologic transformation of follicular lymphoma is associated with somatic mutation of the translocated Bcl-2 gene

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that frequently transforms into diffuse aggressive NHL. The majority of FLs display a t(14; 18) translocation that places the bcl-2 gene into juxtaposition with the lg heavy-chain (H) gene locus. Morphologically transformed malignant FL cells retain their t(14;18) translocation and may acquire additional genetic abnormalities. We analyzed serial biopsy specimens from eight patients with FL for secondary alterations of the rearranged bcl-2 gene in the breakpoint and open reading frame (ORF) regions. Two cases of FL showed no histologic alteration in the second biopsy, and six cases of FL showed morphologic transformation to diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLL) in the second biopsy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the junctional region of the hybrid bcl-2/IgH genes showed identical nucleotide sequences in multiple biopsy specimens of FL that did not show morphologic transformation. In patients in whom FL cells underwent morphologic transformation, FL and autologous DLL cells displayed identical bcl-2/IgH gene nucleotide sequences in five cases and different sequences in one case. In the case for which FL and DLL cells showed different bcl-2/IgH junctional sequences, DLL cells incorporated larger bcl-2 and Ig-joining (JH) gene fragments than the corresponding FL cells, suggesting that DLL clones developed by a distinct t(14; 18) translocation rather than by alteration of the hybrid bcl-2/IgH gene detected in the FL cells. In all eight cases, neither FL nor DLL cells showed alterations of bcl-2 gene sequences in the breakpoint region, suggesting high conservation of the bcl-2 gene during both t(14; 18) translocation and morphologic transformation of the FL cells. PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and sequence analyses were performed for identification of structural alterations of the bcl-2 gene in the ORF region corresponding to the 239-amino acid p26-bcl-2 alpha protein. A total of 11 point mutations of the ORF were detected in DLL cells of three transformed NHLs, but no alteration of the ORF was detected in FL cells. Four of 11 mutations, at positions 29, 46, 59, and 106, yielded amino acid replacements. These findings demonstrate that FL and DLL cells may be clonally related or unrelated. They also show that transformation of FL cells may be associated with somatic point mutations of the bcl-2 proto-oncogene ORF sequence resulting in alteration of the p26-bcl-2 alpha gene product.
Antimicrobial activity of extracts from macroalgae Ulva lactuca against clinically important Staphylococci is impacted by lunar phase of macroalgae harvest

UNLABELLED Staphylococcus aureus is a common human bacterial pathogen that causes skin and soft tissue infections. Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) are increasingly drug-resistant, and thus there is great need for new therapeutics to treat Staph. aureus infections. Attention has focused on potential utility of natural products, such as extracts of marine macroalgae, as a source of novel antimicrobial compounds. The green macroalgae Ulva lactuca produces compounds inhibitory to human pathogens, although the effectiveness of U. lactuca extracts against clinically relevant strains of Staph. aureus is poorly understood. In addition, macroalgae produce secondary metabolites that may be influenced by exogenous factors including lunar phase, but whether lunar phase affects U. lactuca antimicrobial capacity is unknown. We sought to evaluate the antibacterial properties of U. lactuca extracts against medically important Staphylococci, and to determine the effect of lunar phase on antimicrobial activity. We report that U. lactuca methanolic extracts inhibit a range of Staphylococci, and that lunar phase of macrolagae harvest significantly impacts antimicrobial activity, suggesting that antimicrobial properties can be maximized by manipulating time of algal harvest. These findings provide useful parameters for future studies aimed at isolating and characterizing U. lactuca anti-Staphylococcal agents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant human pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has intensified efforts towards discovery and development of novel therapeutics. Marine macroalgae like Ulva lactuca are increasingly recognized as potential sources of antimicrobials, but the efficacy of U. lactuca extracts against common, virulent strains of Staph. aureus is poorly understood. We demonstrate that U. lactuca methanolic extracts inhibit a variety of clinically relevant Staphylococcus strains, and that the antimicrobial activity can be maximized by optimizing time of algal harvest. These findings provide potentially useful parameters for future work of isolating and identifying novel antimicrobial agents from macroalgae.
THE OCCURRENCE OF 1–2% HB BART'S IN A HIGH PROPORTION OF BLACK NEONATES AS AN EXPRESSION OF α-THALASSEMIA

Levels of Hb Bart's in Thai neonates of 2-10% and 1-2% indicate the presence of the α-thal2 or α-thal2 genes, respectively. We have previously shown that the 3.0% of black neonates with greater than 2.0% Hb Bart's have α-thalassemia trait (Pediat.Res. 8:955, 1974). In a screening study in 1970-72, we found that 12.0% of the 693 neonates screened had 1.1-1.7% Hb Bart's, using starch gel electrophoresis and CM Sephadex chromatography. Follow-up studies were done on 8 infants who had 1-2% Hb Bart's at birth and on 7 without Hb Bart's. The children were between 25 and 60 months of age at the time of study. There were no differences in Hb levels, RBC and reticulocyte counts between the groups. Significant differences were found in mean cell volume, 79.4±3.4 and 72.6±2.9 (p<0.01) and mean cell hemoglobin, 26.74±1.7 and 24.0±1.3 (p<0.01), with the lower values in the children who had Hb Bart's at birth. The levels of Hb A2, Hb F, serum Fe, Fe-binding capacity and Pb were normal in the two groups. The results indicate a mild form of α-thalassemia in infants with 1-2% Hb Bart's at birth, and some type of α-thalassemia in 15.0% of all black newborns in Philadelphia. This high incidence should be taken into account in determining normal values for red cell indices in black children, and in evaluating the diversity of expression of other hemoglobin disorders in blacks.
General convergent expectation maximization (EM)-type algorithms for image reconstruction

Obtaining high quality images is very important in many areas of applied sciences, such as medical imaging, optical microscopy, and astronomy. Image reconstruction can be considered as solving the ill-posed and inverse problem $y=Ax+n$, where $x$ is the image to be reconstructed and $n$ is the unknown noise. In this paper, we propose general robust expectation maximization (EM)-type algorithms for image reconstruction. Both Poisson noise and Gaussian noise types are considered. The EM-type algorithms are performed using iteratively EM (or SART for weighted Gaussian noise) and regularization in the image domain. The convergence of these algorithms is proved in several ways: EM with a priori information and alternating minimization methods. To show the efficiency of EM-type algorithms, the application in computerized tomography reconstruction is chosen.
Effect of Substituents and Stability of Transient Aluminum-Aminals in the Presence of Nucleophiles.

Disubstituted hydroxylamines are synthesized and used to form aluminum–amide complexes. These reagents mask carbonyl groups in situ via nucleophilic addition. The stability and utility of the aluminum–aminals are presented in the context of selectively controlling nucleophilic addition on substrates with multiple carbonyl groups.
Characterization of Deformation Structures in B2 CoAL

B2 CoAl single crystals with a number of orientations have been deformed at 1300 K and 1000 K. The deformation substructures have been characterized using TEM diffraction contrast techniques supported by image simulations. While slip is found to be the predominant slip mode at these temperatures, and dislocations have also been observed. In particular, in hard orientations dislocations appear to play an active role in initiating the deformation. Additionally, dislocations are often observed as junctions of type dislocations. Under the conditions tested, changes in alloy stoichiometry do not result in any modifications to the dislocation slip behavior.
Multinational Product Planning: Strategic Alternatives:

Formulating an explicit product strategy for international expansion is one of the major untapped opportunities facing headquarters executives of multinational companies. This article identifies st...
Disruptive selection on habitat preference and the evolution of reproductive isolation: an exploratory experiment

A. pair of replicate experiments was carried out to examine the role of habitat specialization in the process of sympatric speciation. The rationale of the experimental design was that disruptive selection for habitat preference can facilitate the process of sympatric speciation by reducing an antagonistic interaction between the processes of recombination and selection. Replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster were subjected to disruptive selection for habitat preference and simultaneous selection for positive assortative mating, for a period of 46 generations. The experimental protocol simulated the introduction of a frugivorous fly population into a new environment that contained a mosaic of eight equally abundant habitats. Only two habitats were suitable to the flies, and these required opposite patterns of geotaxis, phototaxis, chemotaxis, and developmental time to be successfully located. At the beginning of each generation, flies were placed as pupae into the middle of a maze containing eight discrete habitats. To produce disruptive selection on habitat preference, only those flies that chose one or the other of two selected habitats were permitted to contribute gametes to the next generation. Flies from each of the selected habitats were cultured separately to simulate independent carrying capacities within each habitat. Because flies rarely mated until they assorted themselves into the available habitats, genes affecting habitat preference pleiotropically produced assortative mating between flies with similar habitat preference. A genetic marker was used to continuously monitor the level of potential gene flow between the flies derived from the two selected habitats. During the course of the experiment, there was a gradual increase in the philopatry of the flies, indicating the development of habitat specialization. The evolution of habitat specialization resulted in substantial reproductive isolation between the subpopulations utilizing each habitat resource.
Evidence for chronic viral infections in human arteries.

SummaryEvidence is presented that measlesvirus antibody and herpesvirus antibody are sometimes present in human aortic tissues in a state not readily dissociable by extensive washing with buffered physiologic saline. This antibody is readily released from the tissues by high molarity potassium iodide solution, a treatment known to dissociate antigen-antibody complexes. We postulate: (1) that viral antigen-antibody complexes are sometimes present in aortic tissues; and (2) that a significant cause of vascular tissue injury in humans may be viral infection of the blood vessels themselves and/or deposit of viral antigen-antibody complexes in the vascular tissues.
Anthropometric Predictors of Coronary Heart Disease and Total Mortality: Findings from the US Railroad Study

Prospective data from the US Railroad Study were used to investigate the relations of several anthropometric variables to coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality in males initially free of cardiovascular disease. Middle-aged men were examined in 1957-1960 and followed until 1977 or death. Anthropometric indicators of total body fat (body mass index and the sum of the subscapular and triceps skinfolds) and central body fat (the ratios chest circumference/biacromial (shoulder) diameter, and chest circumference/standing height) were significantly and directly associated with age-adjusted coronary heart disease mortality. When systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, and vital capacity were also taken into account, the ratio chest circumference/biacromial diameter remained significantly associated with coronary heart disease mortality. Total, central, and peripheral body fat had a "U"-shaped relation with all-cause mortality. Measures of the ratio of central to peripheral body fat were inconsistently related to mortality. These results indicate that certain anthropometric measurements, especially those that may indicate central adiposity, are positively related to the development of fatal coronary heart disease and quadratically related to all-causes death rates.
Analysis on Influences and Regularity of Coupling Ground Wires on Electrical Characteristics of HVAC and HVDC Transmission Lines on Same Tower

To fully utilize the corridor for overhead transmission lines,the erection of HVAC and HVDC transmission lines on the same tower will be widely adopted in future,so the research on interference due to electromagnetic coupling between HVAC and HVDC transmission lines erected on the same tower is of significance.Using PSCAD/EMTDC,a coupling model containing two circuits of HVAC transmission lines and single circuit of HVDC transmission lines erected on the same tower is established.When coupling ground wires are erected beneath HVDC transmission line,the influences of the number of coupling ground wires,the vertical interval between coupling ground wires and HVDC line,the lateral position of coupling ground wires,the lateral spacing among coupling ground wires and the arrangement of coupling ground wires on the voltage induced on HVDC transmission line are simulated and analyzed.Research results show that the more the number of coupling ground wires,the better the shielding effect will be,and when the number of coupling ground wires reaches a certain amount the shielding effect tends to be saturated;the nearer the coupling ground wires to HVDC line,the better the shielding effect will be;when coupling ground wires are arranged horizontally,the best shielding effect can be attained.
Linking up at the BAR: Oligomerization and F-BAR protein function

As cells grow, move, and divide, they must reorganize and rearrange their membranes and cytoskeleton. The F-BAR protein family links cellular membranes with actin cytoskeletal rearrangements in processes including endocytosis, cytokinesis, and cell motility. Here we review emerging information on mechanisms of F-BAR domain oligomerization and membrane binding, and how these activities are coordinated with additional domains to accomplish scaffolding and signaling functions.
Does substance use moderate the association of neighborhood disadvantage with perceived stress and safety in the activity spaces of urban youth

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the association of activity space-based exposure to neighborhood disadvantage with momentary perceived stress and safety, and the moderation of substance use on those associations, among a sample of 139 urban, primarily African American, adolescents. METHOD: Geospatial technologies are integrated with Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to capture exposure to neighborhood disadvantage and perceived stress and safety in the activity space. A relative neighborhood disadvantage measure for each subject is calculated by conditioning the neighborhood disadvantage observed at the EMA location on that of the home neighborhood. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) are used to model the effect of relative neighborhood disadvantage on momentary perceived stress and safety, and the extent to which substance use moderates those associations. RESULTS: Relative neighborhood disadvantage is significantly associated with higher perceived stress, lower perceived safety, and greater substance use involvement. The association of relative neighborhood disadvantage with stress is significantly stronger among those with greater substance use involvement. CONCLUSION: This research highlights the value of integrating geospatial technologies with EMA and developing personalized measures of environmental exposure for investigating neighborhood effects on substance use, and suggests substance use intervention strategies aimed at neighborhood conditions. Future research should seek to disentangle the causal pathways of influence and selection that relate neighborhood environment, stress, and substance use, while also accounting for the role of gender and family and peer social contexts.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Language: en
Empowering Oncology Nurses to Lead Change Through a Shared Governance Project

Nurses at the bed- or chairside are knowledgeable about clinical and operational concerns that need improvement and, consequently, are in the best position to generate and evaluate practical options and potential solutions to improve efficacy and care processes. Implementation of a shared governance model is effective in engaging staff nurses to make meaningful and sustainable change in patient care processes.
Communication—Filtration of Light Emitted from Solid State Incandescent Light Emitting Devices

The broad-band light emitted from the solid state incandescent light emitting device was narrowed down by the addition of an a-Si:H or SiNx thin film. The a-Si:H film strongly absorbed the short-wavelength light of below 600 nm. The SiNx film showed interference effect on incident light, i.e., including peaks in the transmittance spectrum. This effect was dependent on the film's refractive index and thickness, which could be controlled by the deposition condition. The Fabry-Perot filter made of the a-Si:H/SiNx stack could be used to filter the broad-band light into a narrow-band light peaked at 850 nm. There are many applications of the filtered light including the on-chip optical interconnect.
Exploring the Differences in a Community’s Perception of Tourists and Tourism Development

ABSTRACTCommunity residents in tourism destinations are key in the realization of tourism products and services, yet a constant influx of visitors can have both positive and negative implications on the residents, the results of which can impact the delivery of services and popularity of the destinations. This study examines residents’ perceptions of tourists in an increasingly popular tourist destination. Using focus groups the study explores the relationship between hosts and visitors, to what extent residents are willing to accept modifications to their livelihood based on their perceived or direct benefits from tourism, and whether their perceptions of tourists changes according to these benefits. Findings revealed that the majority of residents supported tourism in the community, and acknowledged their reliance upon the industry for greater income. They also identified desirable characteristics of visitors who would be more pleasant to serve. Such findings provide guidance to tourism planners for fut...
Return to Play in Asthma and Pulmonary Conditions

In football (soccer), an athlete’s cardiopulmonary system consistently operates in a sinusoidal manner with numerous episodes of low- and high-intensity surges. This demand requires an athlete to have the most ideal function to perform at a high level. Multiple pulmonary processes can influence an athlete’s ability to perform by interfering with the pulmonary system’s primary function of ventilation and perfusion to try to optimize gas exchange. In this chapter, we will discuss some of the more common pathology that can affect this delicate balance. Some of the more common, but important, conditions such as asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), pneumothorax, and pulmonary infections will be addressed, as each are readily seen, by sports medicine teams, caring for the football players. The discussion will begin with how those conditions are diagnosed through history and advanced testing and will be followed by treatment with environmental trigger modification, pharmacologic interventions, and lastly return to play criteria.
Response of Walnuts to Simulated Drift Rates of Bispyribac-Sodium, Bensulfuron-Methyl, and Propanil

A field study was established to study symptoms, growth and yield of 2-year-old walnut trees exposure to simulated drift of several herbicides commonly used in rice production. Bispyribac-sodium, bensulfuron-methyl, and propanil were applied at four rates representing 0.5%, 1%, 3% and 10% of the normal use rate in rice (45, 70, and 6725 g ai ha-1, for the three herbicides respectively). Symptoms started to appear approximately 7 days after application (DAT) and peaked 28 DAT. At that time, bispyribac-sodium caused greater injury at low drift rates (6% and 15% visual injury for 0.5% and 1% rate, respectively) compared to bensulfuronmethyl and propanil. Bispyribac-sodium also appeared to slow walnut shoot elongation compared to nontreated trees; however, no yield reductions were observed either in the year after drift exposure. The effect of bispyribac-sodium simulated drift on the yield and nut quality in the year of drift exposure was evaluated in a separate study on 3-year-old walnut trees. While no yield or nut quality reductions were observed, a linear correlation between rate of bispyribac-sodium and color, an important quality factor, was found: higher herbicide rates tended to be associated with darker kernel color. Bispyribac-sodium may damage nearby walnut orchards if drifted at significant amounts. However, it is unlikely that in a field situation bispyribac-sodium would drift at high enough levels to cause the symptoms observed from the 10% use rates in this study.Nomenclature: bispyribac-sodium; bensulfuron-methyl; propanil; rice, Oryza sativa L.; walnut, Juglans regia L.
Pesticide Mixer, Loader, and Applicator Exposures in Citrus Groves

Abstract Making the spray mixer, loader, and applicator workplace safe during the pesticide treatment of citrus groves is a task that will require an educated foreman or supervisor and compulsory obeyance by the worker of his instructions and stewardship. It will not be possible to educate all field workers in all aspects of the safe handling of pesticides. Equipment changes in nurse rigs and spray rigs will be required, also, to ensure a safe working environment in the pest control of citrus.
Culture and Human Development: A co-constructionist perspective

Theoretical views on social nature of human development have habitually accepted a limited perspective (that of unidirectional model) on culture transmission as their core. Simultaneously, the rest of psychology has attempted to eliminate cultural organization from its theoretical core, reducing it to the use of culture as an index variable. In contemporary developmental theorizing one can find a constructive return to the theoretical heritages of a number of sociogenetic (Baldwin, Vygotsky) and constructionist (Piaget, Stern) authors. At the same time, new traditions of cultural psychology can be detected on the mindscape of psychology. Connections of the co-constructionist theorizing with both developmental ideas of the past, and cultural psychologies of the present are charted out. Co-constructionist theory constitutes a radical synthesis of the sociogenetic and constructionist perspectives, as it conceptualizes the open-systemic nature of human development.
Introduction to Endocervical Glandular Lesions

An overview of glandular lesions of the cervix is presented in the first chapter. The gradual recognition and refinement of cytologic features of endocervical adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions by screening for cervical cancer are noted. The prevalence of endocervical adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions is explored and compared to the prevalence of squamous carcinoma and precursor lesions. Etiologic factors are described including high risk human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV 16, 18, and 45, hormonal factors, and endocervical metaplasias. Clinical features of endocervical adenocarcinomas are discussed and management of the tumors is detailed. As a complement to the description of the cytologic features of glandular lesions of the cervix in subsequent chapters, the histology of glandular lesions of the cervix is discussed and illustrated.
Flaw-free nanoporous Ni for tensile properties

Abstract Dealloyed nanoporous metals are emerging as a new class of structural and functional materials for a wide range of applications. Nevertheless, the dealloying process usually leads to significant volume shrinkage, large internal stresses, surface oxidation, stress-corrosion cracking and thereby extensive fabrication flaws. This is particularly serious for nanoporous non-noble metals because of their high affinity with oxygen and resulting serious oxidation. Therefore, dealloyed nanoporous metals usually have poor mechanical performances, particularly, under tension which is highly sensitive to flaws. Consequently, high tensile strength has not been achieved from technically-important and economic nanoporous transition metals, such as Ni and Cu. In this study we report flaw-free nanoporous Ni fabricated by utilizing an ultrafine grained precursor alloy, high-temperature dealloying and post-dealloying annealing. The resulting nanoporous Ni shows an excellent tensile strength, which is one order of magnitude higher than all reported tensile strengths of dealloyed nanoporous metals. The strong and ductile nanoporous Ni developed in this study can be scaled up for large-scale structural and functional applications where tensile properties are required.
Divergence and flutter instabilities of a cantilever beam subjected to a terminal dynamic moment

Abstract The effects of a dynamic terminal moment on the stability characteristics of a cantilever beam, not studied heretofore, are investigated using both theory and experiments. The terminal moment is assumed to be proportional to the slope or curvature of the beam measured at some point along its length. The moment is non-conservative when it is curvature-dependent as well as when it is slope-dependent provided the measurement is not taken from the free end of the beam. Irrespective of whether the moment is slope-dependent or curvature-dependent, the beam loses stability through divergence when the constant of proportionality is positive, and through flutter when the constant of proportionality is negative. For the case where the terminal moment is proportional to the negative slope or negative curvature, multiple stability transitions can occur and higher modes of flutter instability are induced as the point of measurement shifts from the fixed end to the free end of the beam. These conclusions are drawn through analytical and numerical investigations of stability. In the experimental component of work, the terminal moment is designed to be curvature-dependent for ease of measurement. Flutter oscillations are observed at or slightly beyond the point of instability and the frequency and mode shape of the oscillations are found to match reasonably well with those predicted analytically.
Religio-cultural factors as moral motivation among religiously committed Thai people: a grounded theory study

The central research question guiding this grounded theory study was: How do religiously committed Thai Protestant Christians and Thai Buddhists perceive their motivation for making moral decisions...
Modeling and Control of Three-Level Boost Rectifier Based Medium-Voltage Solid-State Transformer for DC Fast Charger Application

This paper presents modeling, control, and system design of three-level boost (TLB) rectifier based medium-voltage (MV) solid-state transformer (SST) for dc fast charger application. In order to operate at MV with 1.2-kV SiC devices, the target system is configured by input-series output-parallel (ISOP) multimodule structure. Each module adopts TLB to front-end rectifier and stacked half-bridge LLCs to back-end isolated dc–dc converters. Operation principles of TLB rectifier and LLC converters are analyzed to derive an equivalent model of the entire system. Based on the detailed derivation, this paper aims to achieve three performance criteria, including bus voltage regulation, input current regulation, and voltage balancing. Basic feedback control loops are designed to control TLB’s output voltage and input current in an average manner, based on the derived system model. Then, ideal TLB duty-ratios in both continuous/discontinuous conduction modes are analyzed and duty-ratio feedforward control is proposed to improve the low quality of input current due to inherent feedback control limitations. For voltage balancing, system design approaches are used in the SST prototype. With the proposed control and system design, a prototype of four-module-stacked TLB SST was built and tested up to 3.8-kVrms and 16-kW conditions.
Skin Tone Matters: Racial Microaggressions and Delayed Prenatal Care

Introduction Literature posits that discrimination can be a barrier to racial and ethnic minorities’ healthcare use. This study examines the relationship between perceived discrimination in the form of racial microaggressions and delayed prenatal care in African American women. It also investigates whether this relationship is modified by women's shade of skin color owing to societal attitudes and beliefs tied to colorism (also known as skin-tone bias). Methods Data were collected from a cohort of 1,410 black, African American women in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, enrolled in 2009–2011 (analyzed between August 2017 and July 2018). Perceived racial microaggressions were assessed using the 20-item Daily Life Experiences of Racism and Bother scale. Logistic regression modeled the relationship between the Daily Life Experiences of Racism and Bother scale and delayed prenatal care, defined as third trimester or no prenatal care entry. Results Nearly a quarter (24.8%) of women had delayed prenatal care. Logistic regression models showed that a Daily Life Experiences of Racism and Bother score above the median was associated with delayed prenatal care (AOR=1.31, 95% CI=1.00, 1.71). This association was moderated by self-reported maternal skin tone (interaction p=0.03). A higher Daily Life Experiences of Racism and Bother score was associated with delayed prenatal care among African-American women at either end of the color continuum (light brown: AOR=1.64, 95% CI=1.02, 2.65; dark brown: AOR=2.30, 95% CI=1.20, 4.41) but not in the middle (medium brown women). Conclusions Skin tone–based mistreatment in tandem with racial discrimination in the form of racial microaggressions may influence African American women's use of prenatal care. These findings have implications related to the engagement of women of color, particularly African American women, in healthcare systems and maternal and child health programs.
Effects of acid treatments on physical properties of CNT wires for wiring applications

Carbon nanotube (CNT) wires are mechanically stronger and extremely lightweight nanomaterials with highly efficient mechanical, thermal and electrical properties compared to the conventional materials. The new applications of these superior nanomaterials include aircraft, energy, biomedical, sensor, defense, electronics and space. One very interesting potential application of carbon nanotubes is in electrical wiring. Conventional electrical wires made of copper and aluminum suffer from several problems including weight (an issue in aerospace applications), skin effect (hindering their use in modern telecommunications), mechanical performance (critical in overhead power lines and ductility), and electromigration (severely damaging microscopic wires in electronics applications). Moreover, the growing demand for these conventional metal conductors and the continually increasing prices suggests that a low-cost material that can outperform conventional conductors would be highly desirable. Hence, carbon nanotubes are the material of great interest for those. In the study, CNT wires were immersed into the acid bath under ambient conditions for different time periods to analyze their physical property changes. Chemical treatment drastically changed the physical dimensions of the CNT wire, including increase in diameter and a decrease in length. Also, chemical bonds were created between the CNTs, which might increase the properties of the CNT wires. Under tensile load, chemical treatment has been proven to slightly increase the tensile strength and conductivity of the CNT wires, but the test results were scattered substantially. This study may create new possibilities to enhance the physical and chemical properties of CNT wires in a number of different industrial applications.
Implantation and Gastrulation Abnormalities Characterize Early Embryonic Lethal Mouse Lines [preprint]

Summary The period of development between the zygote and embryonic day 9.5 in mice includes multiple developmental milestones essential for embryogenesis. The preeminence of this period of development has been illustrated in loss of function studies conducted by the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) which have shown that close to one third of all mouse genes are essential for survival to weaning age and a significant number of mutations cause embryo lethality before E9.5. Here we report a systematic analysis of 21 pre-E9.5 lethal lines generated by the IMPC. Analysis of pre- and post-implantation embryos revealed that the majority of the lines exhibit mutant phenotypes that fall within a window of development between implantation and gastrulation with few pre-implantation and no post-gastrulation phenotypes. Our study provides multiple genetic inroads into the molecular mechanisms that control early mammalian development and the etiology of human disease, in particular, the genetic bases of infertility and pregnancy loss. We propose a strategy for an efficient assessment of early embryonic lethal mutations that can be used to assign phenotypes to developmental milestones and outline the time of lethality.
Image-quality optimization and artifact reduction in fetal magnetic resonance imaging

Fetal MRI allows for earlier and better detection of complex congenital anomalies. However, its diagnostic utility is often limited by technical barriers that introduce artifacts and reduce image quality. The main determinants of fetal MR image quality are speed of acquisition, spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Imaging optimization is a challenge because a change to improve one scan parameter often leads to worsening of another. Moreover, the recent introduction of fetal MRI on 3-tesla (T) scanners to achieve better SNR can amplify some technical issues. Motion, banding artifacts and aliasing artifacts impact the quality of fetal acquisitions at any field strength. High specific absorption rate (SAR) and artifacts from inhomogeneities in the radiofrequency field are important limitations of high-field-strength imaging. We discuss technical barriers that impact image quality and are important limitations to prenatal MRI diagnosis, and propose solutions to improve image quality and reduce artifacts.
Abstract PO-070: Boost tumor response to radiation therapy: What can we learn from PTEN-deficient models?

PTEN is among the most frequently mutated genes in nearly all types of cancer. TCGA studies reported mutation or deletion of the PTEN gene in 11% of breast invasive carcinoma and 9% of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Cancer-associated PTEN deficiency is associated with worse prognosis as well as tumor resistance to therapies, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. However, it is largely controversial, as there is no consensus regarding how PTEN deficiency alters tumor response to radiation therapy (RT). RT elicits anti-cancer efficacy through both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms by disrupting the cancer genome and by promoting immune responses. Similarly, loss of PTEN results in genomic instability and immune deregulation, which may lead to a tumor-specific net outcome of growth and response to RT. In order to characterize a pan-cancer phenotype of RT sensitivity, we created multiple isogenic pairs of tumor cells of different tissue origins. Our studies, using both a breast cancer model and a colon cancer model, demonstrate that PTEN deficiency confers an enhanced RT efficacy through a non-cell autonomous mechanism. Specifically, orthotopically implanted tumors lacking PTEN regressed significantly following single-dose RT that was less effective in suppressing PTEN-proficient tumors. A more efficient regimen (3*8Gy) became ablative and achieved 100% tumor-free survival only in the hosts of PTEN-deficient tumors. The RT sensitivity manifested in PTEN-mutant tumors in vivo is likely due to enhanced immunogenicity, because in vitro, PTEN-deficient cancer cells not only lost such vulnerability but often exhibited RT resistance. Our data suggest that PTEN-deficient tumor phenotypes may be exploited to achieve the highest cancer elimination rate, using a combinatorial strategy to promote non-cell-autonomous immunogenicity and to concurrently overcome cell-autonomous RT resistance. Citation Format: Xinyi Fan, Miaoyan Qiu, Silvia C. Formenti, Wen H. Shen. Boost tumor response to radiation therapy: What can we learn from PTEN-deficient models? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-070.
Tolerogenic form of Factor VIII to prevent inhibitor development in the treatment of Hemophilia A.

Background The development of anti-drug antibodies, also termed inhibitors, against administered Factor FVIII (FVIII) is one of the major complications in the clinical management of Hemophilia A. Once formed, these inhibitory antibodies abrogate the activity of FVIII, resulting in loss of hemostatic efficacy and patients are subjected to increased risk of bleeding tendencies. Current treatment options after inhibitor development are expensive and ineffective in some cases. Therefore, treatment strategies that can prevent inhibitor formation is an effective approach in the management of Hemophilia A. Objectives We aimed to evaluate and discuss the use of a tolerogenic form of FVIII as an immunotherapy strategy to prevent inhibitor risk. Methods FVIII was associated with nanoparticles containing lysophosphatidylserine (Lyso-PS) and administered to Hemophilia A mice via intravenous route. These animals then received weekly re-challenge injections with free FVIII, and plasma was collected at the end of the study to evaluate for inhibitor development. To investigate whether Lyso-PS nanoparticles influence the plasma survival of FVIII, a pharmacokinetic study following a single intravenous administration of FVIII in the presence and absence of Lyso-PS nanoparticles was performed. For dosing convenience, the tolerogenic effect of Lyso-PS nanoparticles following oral administration was also examined. Results and conclusions The results demonstrated that FVIII associated with Lyso-PS nanoparticles significantly reduced inhibitor development while improving plasma survival of FVIII following intravenous administration, suggesting a multifunctional FVIII form to improve clinical utility. Additionally, reduction in inhibitor formation can also be achieved using Lyso-PS nanoparticles through the user-friendly oral route of administration.