cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimal pricing for new and remanufactured products

This work investigates the optimal pricing of new and remanufactured products using a model of consumer preferences based on extensive experimentation. The experimental investigation reveals two distinct segments of consumers. One segment is relatively indifferent between new and remanufactured products and displays high sensitivity to price discounts. The second segment shows strong preferences for new products—with an accompanying aversion to remanufactured products—and realtively low sensitivity to price discounts. The pricing analysis examines several scenarios involving a new product manufacturer, ranging from a simple monopolist scenario to a more complex scenario involving competition with third-party remanufacturers. In contrast to the usual finding that new product prices should decrease when competitive remanufactured products enter the market, the introduction of market segments reveals a robust finding across all scenarios: when remanufactured products enter the market, the optimal price of the new product should increase. Through appropriate pricing of new products, the OEM can mitigate the effects of cannibalization and increase profitability.
Adjuvant radiotherapy and survival for patients with node-positive head and neck cancer: an analysis by primary site and nodal stage.

Purpose Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) is frequently recommended for node-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with primary surgery. The impact of RT on survival for various subgroups of node-positive HNSCC has not been clearly demonstrated. Methods and Materials Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Database, we identified 5297 patients with node-positive (N1 to N3) HNSCC treated with definitive surgery with or without adjuvant RT between 1988 and 2001. The median follow-up was 4.4 years. Results Adjuvant RT significantly improved 5-year overall survival (46.3%: 95% confidence interval [CI], 44.7–48.0% for surgery + RT, vs. 35.2%: 95% CI, 32.0–38.5% for surgery alone, p p p p = 0.001), N2a (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67–0.99, p = 0.048) and N2b to N3 nodal disease (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.51–0.75; p p = 0.004), hypopharynx (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.88; p = 0.004), larynx (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52–0.84; p = 0.001), and oral cavity (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73–0.98; p = 0.025) primary tumors. Conclusions In a large population-based analysis, adjuvant RT significantly improves overall survival for patients with node-positive HNSCC. All nodal stages, including N1, appear to benefit from the addition of RT to definitive surgery.
Pseudopotential total-energy calculations of column-V acceptors in ZnSe

Abstract We demonstrate the applicability of a recently developed ultra-soft pseudopotential scheme to the study of point defects in II-VI semiconductors. While conventional pseudopotentials typically treat all but the most loosely bound atomic levels as core states, the present scheme allows us to treat the Zn 3d states with a modest plane-wave cutoff, and thus to include the Zn d-shell as a valence shell. Moreover, the nitrogen p-states can be treated as easily as those of the heavier column-V dopants within this scheme. As a preliminary application, we study the total energy of column-V acceptors (N, P and As) as a function of structural degrees of freedom in ZnSe, with particular attention to the bond-breaking instability which has been proposed by Chadi as a mechanism for dopant self-compensation.
Blood plasma proteins of cold-adapted antarctic fishes

Abstract 1. 1. All fish serum transferrins studied were more acidic than human serum transferrin. 2. 2. Trematomus borchgrevinki serum transferrin was more heat labile than human serum transferrin. 3. 3. Antarctic fish serum had less albumin and more lipoprotein than sera of non-Antarctic fishes and of man, and contained freezing-point-depressing glycoproteins which were absent in all other sera studied. 4. 4. The bloods of two cold-adapted fishes, T. borchgrevinki and trout, clotted faster at 0°C than did the blood of two other non-cold-adapted fish species studied. Bloods of the two mammalian species studied, rabbit and man, had very prologned clotting times at 0°C. 5. 5. The blood of T. borchgrevinki had an apparent minimum clotting time between 25 and 30°C and its capacity to clot was destroyed by incubation at 38–40°C.
Subcellular localization and capacity of β-oxidation and aldehyde dehydrogenase in porcine liver

Porcine hepatocyte organelles were separated by isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation from livers of 6-month-old Yorkshire pigs. The presence of a peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA oxidizing system and a peroxisomal NAD:aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) with high Km for acetaldehyde was demonstrated. Peroxisomal palmitate oxidizing capacity was found to be equal to that of the surviving mitochondria. The high Km isozyme of ALDH was mainly located in the mitochondria (54%), with a significant portion in the peroxisome (32%). Remaining activity is distributed among the microsomes (8.3%) and cytosol (4.6%). The low Km isozyme was confined almost exclusively to the mitochondria. ALDH may exist in the peroxisome as a detoxification mechanism and contribute to shorter half-lives of reactive aldehydes in the cell. Species differences are discussed.
PARANORMAL BELIEF AND JUNGIAN DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY

Murphy and Lester (1976) reported that belief in ESP was associated with feeling scores on the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator. To explore this association further, a modified paranormal belief scale (Tobacyk, 1982) and the Keirsey-Bates inventory (Keirsey & Bates, 1984) which measures four basic Jungian traits were administered to 37 male and 29 female students, aged 18 to 22 yr. and enrolled in college classes (M,,, = 18.8 yr., SD = 1.0). Mean scores and SDs were for extraversion 6.5 and 2.1, for sensing 10.2 and 3.9, for thinking 8.2 and 4.1, and for judging 11.0 and 4.6. Extraversion-introversion scores were not related to any type of paranormal belief. Feeling scores were significantly correlated with belief in psi (Pearson s = 0.38),? precognition (r = 0.34), and pseudosciences (such as palm reading and astrology) (r = 0.35). Perceiving scores were significantly associated with belief in psi (r = 0.33) and witchcraft (r = 0.25). However, the largest set of correlations were with intuitive scores, belief in psi (r = 0.40), witchcraft (7 = 0.24), spiritualism (r = 0.37), precognition (r = 0.)5), and pseudosciences (r = 0.24). Measures of religious and superscicious beliefs did not correlate with the personality test scores. These results indicate that belief in paranormal phenomenon is stronger in those who stress feeling over thinking, perceiving over judging, and intuiting over sensing, which suggests that believers are less logical and more open-minded than nonbelievers.
In-situ measurements of magnetic field effects in sub-micron high-electron-mobility transistors

Abstract In-situ measurements of the effects of an externally applied magnetic field on the performance of high-electron-mobility-transistors (HEMTs) have been carried out. From observation of these magnetic field phenomena, important device modeling parameters such as channel mobility and transconductance (and their variations with external bias conditions such as gate-source voltage) can be extracted. The experimental apparatus used in the magnetic field measurements is also discussed.
Legitimation crisis and containment: The “anti‐racist‐white‐hero” film

This essay examines the way in which collective memories of struggles for African peoples’ equality are constructed in mainstream film. From the late eighties to the late nineties, the film industry produced a series of thematically similar films dealing with struggles against white supremacy in the U.S. and in South Africa. In this essay I argue that movements for equality created a legitimation crisis for white supremacist patriarchal capitalism in general and white identity in particular. A textual analysis is presented in which it is argued that mainstream film helped “contain”; this legitimation crisis by circulating paternalistic white supremacist discourses through which to remember key historical moments in the struggles against white supremacy. These “anti racist‐white‐hero films”; are placed in the larger cultural context of backlash through which white supremacist patriarchal capitalism has sought to regain legitimacy in the U.S. over the past three decades.
The pedagogical design studio: exploiting artifact-based task models for constructivist learning

Intelligent learning environments that support constructivism should provide active learning experiences that are customized for individual learners. To do so, they must determine learner intent and detect misconceptions, and this diagnosis must be performed as non-invasively as possible. To this end, we propose the pedagogical design studio, a design-centered framework for learning environment interfaces. Pedagogical design studios provide learners with a rich, direct manipulation design experience. By exploiting an artifact-based task model that preserves a tight mapping between the interface state and design sub-tasks, they non-invasively infer learners’ intent and detect misconceptions. The task model is then used to tailor problem presentation, produce a customized musical score, and modulate problem-solving intervention. To explore these notions, we have implemented a pedagogical design studio for a constructivist learning environment that provides instruction to middle school students about botanical anatomy and physiology. Evaluations suggest that the design studio framework constitutes an effective approach to interfaces that support constructivist learning.
Relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater K − LM Auger Intensities: Comparison with Experiments

The relative Auger intensities for the $K\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LM}$ group with respect to the $K\ensuremath{-}{L}_{1}{L}_{1}$ line are presented as a function of the atomic number. The theoretical values are determined by the relativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater atomic model. The available experimental data are in excellent agreement with theoretical relative intensities for $Z\ensuremath{\ge}55$. It is concluded that the relativistic effects with a realistic atomic model are as important as effects of the intermediate coupling scheme for medium $Z$ values in the $K\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LM}$ group. Additional measurements of the $K\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LM}$ relative intensities for intermediate atomic numbers are needed to pinpoint the relative contributions of the relativistic model and the intermediate coupling scheme. Theoretical results are also presented for $\ensuremath{\Sigma}K\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LM} \ensuremath{\Sigma}K\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LL}$ versus the atomic number.
Use of chemometrics in industrial process diagnostics

Methods of chemometrics were employed to determine the reasons for variable performance in an industrial process. A multistage silver recovery process was investigated by statistical examination of the parameters and performance criteria. Once a likely source of variability was identified, fractional factorial experimental designs were employed to estimate the magnitude of influence of the chemical components in the process.
Effect of Vortices Induced by Corona Discharge on Free-Convection Heat Transfer From a Vertical Plate

Experimental results are presented to show that columnar, counterrotating, vertical vortices can be produced on a heated, vertical, flat plate under free-convection conditions in air using a high-voltage d-c electric field. The vortices result from the corona discharge on 0.002-in.-dia parallel wires of alternate high voltage and ground potential placed vertically on the surface of a phenolic laminate plate. Heat-transfer rates are measured using an energy-balance method, and the thermal boundary layer is made visible using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Experimental curves are presented to illustrate the increase in the heat-transfer rate with increase in the electric-field power. Interference photographs and frames from a motion picture show the effects of the vortices on the thermal boundary layer. The convective part of the heat transfer from the 10 × 10 in. plate is more than doubled before the electric-field power becomes as large as 5 percent of the increase in the heat-transfer rate. Local heat-transfer rates are highest at the high-voltage wires and lowest at the grounded wires.
ON ISOMETRIC MINIMAL IMMERSIONS FROM WARPED PRODUCTS INTO REAL SPACE FORMS

We establish a general sharp inequality for warped products in real space form. As applications, we show that if the warping function $f$ of a warped product $N_1\times_fN_2$ is a harmonic function, then (1) every isometric minimal immersion of $N_1\times_fN_2$ into a Euclidean space is locally a warped-product immersion, and (2) there are no isometric minimal immersions from $N_1\times_f N_2$ into hyperbolic spaces. Moreover, we prove that if either $N_1$ is compact or the warping function $f$ is an eigenfunction of the Laplacian with positive eigenvalue, then $N_1\times_f N_2$ admits no isometric minimal immersion into a Euclidean space or a hyperbolic space for any codimension. We also provide examples to show that our results are sharp. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 53C40; 53C42; 53B25
Early earth: faint young sun redux.

Given that the Sun was dimmer in its youth, our planet should have been frozen over for much of its early history. That it evidently wasn't is a puzzle that continues to engage the attention of Earth scientists.
A comparison of DNA binding proteins from normal and virus-transformed mouse cells

Proteins from normal and virally transformed mouse cells, capable of binding to calf thymus DNA, were isolated and compared by DNA cellulose chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In accordance with previous studies (Salas and Green, 1971; Tsai and Green, 1973), two major proteins, P6 and P8, and two minor proteins, P3 and PS, were found in normal fibroblasts. Extracts prepared from log phase 3T6-MSV (RLV) synthesized increased amounts of P3, P5, and P6, while SV-3T3 cells grown under identical conditions showed an increased level of P3 protein. Non-producer 3T3 cells carrying a defective murine sarcoma virus genome grown under conditions of serum deprivation produced normal levels of P5, P6, and P8 proteins whereas these proteins were present in low amounts in 3T3 cells grown in a similar fashion.
Incorrect postulate regarding humeral fractures in non-ambulant infants.

Sir, I read with great interest and curiosity the article by Somers et al. [1]. The objective of their article was “to investigate the widely accepted view that an infant with limited mobility cannot sustain a fracture of the humerus by his or her own actions in the absence of the intervention of an external party.” The authors cite a case report by Hymel and Jenny [2] of a 5month-old who sustained a humerus fracture after being rolled by a 3-year-old sibling. Then, the authors describe seven cases where isolated humerus fractures were attributed to the children rolling over that arm. I do not believe one can compare the case report by Hymel and Jenny [2] with the seven cases described in Somers et al. [1] and postulate that rolling without the intervention of an external party can cause isolated humerus fractures in non-ambulatory infants, since none of the cases in the latter report had the intervention of an external party. It is crucial to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect long bone fractures [3].While Somers et al. [1] took into account many of the bone intrinsic factors, they completely disregarded the most important extrinsic factor: the force (energy) required for a bone to fail (fracture). None of the infants described by Somers et al. [1] was crawling and two of them had just begun rolling over or attempting to roll over. The main reason infants cannot roll over at a young age is that they lack the necessary strength to push their weight against gravity. It is very unlikely that an infant who can barely push their own weight against gravity could have enough strength to overcome the failure point of a long bone, such as the humerus. Somers et al. [1] state that all the caregivers gave the same history consistently throughout the proceedings. However, in four cases, only one adult was present at the time of the fracture. They also mention that there were no other fractures detected or any other significant injuries to support a diagnosis of nonaccidental injury. Most children diagnosed with non-accidental injury do not have other fractures or significant injuries [4]. Therefore, to postulate the idea that infants with limited mobility can fracture a long bone in the absence of the intervention of an external party without analyzing all factors that affect bone fractures is, to my belief, incorrect.
Hypnotic suggestions and visually evoked potentials

Abstract Ten subjects, selected because of demonstrated hypnotic suggestibility, were matched with ten controls. Resulting summated visually evoked responses yielded seven recurring components in the first 250 msec of the response. These components and total amplitude of the response were subjected to a variety of analyses. Evoked responses obtained from the control group wherein actual changes in brightness were presented showed changes correlated with levels of intensity. When subjects were hypnotized, no consistent changes occurred which could be correlated with suggestions that the light was bright and near or dim and far away, although the hypnotic suggestions were accepted.
Myotubularin phosphatases: policing 3-phosphoinositides.

In eukaryotic cells, phosphatidylinositol is subject to differential phosphorylation, resulting in the production of seven distinct phosphatidylinositol phosphates, often referred to as phosphoinositides (PIs). PIs have numerous distinct roles in cellular regulation and membrane trafficking. Recently, myotubularin family PI 3-phosphatases have emerged as key regulators of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, two PIs that regulate traffic within the endosomal–lysosomal pathway. Mutations in several myotubularin genes lead to myotubular myopathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy. Strikingly, nearly half of the members of the human myotubularin family appear to be catalytically inactive. Several inactive myotubularins have essential functions in mammals. Recent work in mammalian cells and model organisms is shedding light on the roles of myotubularins in membrane traffic.
Investigation of Phonon-Like Excitations in Hydrated Protein Powders by Neutron Scattering

Detecting the phonon dispersion relations in proteins is essential for understanding the intra-protein dynamical behavior. Such study has been attempted by X-ray in recent years [1,2]. However, for such detections, neutrons have significant advantages in resolution and time-efficiency compare to X-rays. Traditionally the collective motions of atoms in protein molecules are hard to detect using neutrons, because of high incoherent scattering background from intrinsic hydrogen atoms in the protein molecules. The recent availability of a fully deuterated green fluorescent protein (GFP) synthesized by the Bio-Deuteration Lab at ORNL opens new possibilities to probe collective excitations in proteins using inelastic neutron scattering [3]. Using a direct time-of-flight Fermi chopper neutron spectrometer, we obtained a full map of the milli-eV phonon-like excitations in the fully deuterated protein. The Q range of the observed excitations corresponds to the length scale of about 2.5 to 3 A, which is close to the length scales of the secondary structures of proteins (4-5 A) and reflects the collective intra-protein motions. Our results show that hydration of GFP seems to harden, not soften, the collective motions, which is counterintuitive, but in agreement with the observations by previous neutron scattering experiments [4].[1] D. Liu, X.-Q. Chu, M. Lagi, Y. Zhang, E. Fratini, P. Baglioni, A. Alatas, A. Said, E. Alp, and S.-H. Chen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 135501 (2008).[2] M. Li, X.-Q. Chu, E. Fratini, P. Baglioni, A. Alatas, E. Alp, and S.-H. Chen, Soft Matter 7, 9848-9853 (2011).[3] X.-Q. Chu, U. Shrestha, H. O'Neill, Q. Zhang, A. I. Kolesnikov, and E. Mamontov, "Mapping meV excitations in a fully deuterated green fluorescent protein by time-of-flight neutron scattering", to be submitted.[4] X.-Q. Chu, et. al, J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 5001 (2009).
Mother's Education and the Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital: Evidence from College Openings

We examine the effect of maternal education on birth outcomes using Vital Statistics Natality data from 1970 to 1999. We also assess the importance of four channels through which maternal education may improve birth outcomes: use of prenatal care smoking marriage and fertility. In an effort to account for the endogeneity of education attainment we use data about the availability of colleges in the womans country in her 17th year as an instrument for maternal education. We find that higher maternal education improves infant health as measured by birth weight and gestational age. It also increases the probability that a new mother is married reduces parity increases use of prenatal care and reduces smoking suggesting that may be important pathways for the ultimate effect on health. Our results add to the growing body of literature which suggests that estimates of the returns to education which focus only on increases in wages understate the total return.
Comparison of a leukocyte and a cellular slime mold chemotaxis test.

Abstract The Boyden test for chemotaxis in leukocytes was compared with the cellophane square test for chemotaxis in cellular slime mold amoeabe by using both of them with slime mold amoebae and two different attractants, cyclic AMP and bacterial extract. The two tests corresponded and showed basically similar results.
Earth science: A fresh look at river flow.

A detailed survey of the Fraser River in Canada challenges preconceptions about how river water flows. The results call for a re-evaluation of how waterways carve through bedrock to form canyons. See Letter p.534 Canyons carved into the bedrock in areas of actively uplifting terrain are important for our understanding of the link between tectonics, climate and topography. Fluid flow and sediment transport are processes associated with canyon bedrock incision in models, but to date there are no field observations of the flow structure in bedrock canyons that can be used to test the model components that represent fluid flow. This paper describes a survey along the Fraser Canyon in Canada that provides detailed measurements of flow in a narrow bedrock canyon. The data reveal a more complex flow structure than currently assumed in flow models, implying that a revision in our understanding of bedrock canyon incision is required.
DeadSpy: a tool to pinpoint program inefficiencies

Software systems often suffer from various kinds of performance inefficiencies resulting from data structure choice, lack of design for performance, and ineffective compiler optimization. Avoiding unnecessary operations, and in particular memory accesses, is desirable. In this paper, we describe DeadSpy --- a tool that dynamically detects every dead write to memory in a given execution and provides actionable feedback to the programmer. This tool provides a methodical way to identify dead writes, which is a common symptom of performance inefficiencies. Our analysis of the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks showed that the fraction of dead writes is surprisingly high. In fact, we observed that the SPEC CPU2006 gcc benchmark has 61% dead writes on average across its reference inputs. DeadSpy pinpoints source lines contributing to such inefficiencies. In several case studies with high dead writes, simple code restructuring to eliminate dead writes improved their performance significantly. For gcc, avoiding dead writes improved its running time by as much as 28% for some inputs and 14% on average. We recommend dead write elimination as an important step in performance tuning.
Effects of annealing on enthalpy relaxation in lyophilized disaccharide formulations: Mathematical modeling of DSC curves

The overall objective of these studies was to investigate, by experimental studies and theoretical analysis, the optimum annealing conditions to obtain maximum structural relaxation in lyophilized glasses of pharmaceutical significance. The model formulations used in this work were aspartame: sucrose and aspartame: trehalose (1:10 w/w) freeze-dried glasses. In this article, structural relaxation in amorphous systems was described in terms of the change in the fictive temperature (T(f)) and was measured using the enthalpy relaxation endotherm in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The theoretical analysis was performed using the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan (TNM) model. The effect of different annealing conditions (temperature and time) on fictive temperature obtained from the theoretical analysis was calculated and compared with the experimental results. The model reproduced the experimental data very well for samples that were quench cooled from the liquid. However, the model fits were poor for lyophilized samples, indicating an inability to incorporate the complex thermal history of freeze-drying in the TNM model. The optimum aging conditions were determined from both DSC and approximated best-fit parameters of the TNM model, and it was found that annealing when done at a temperature about 15-25 degrees C below T(g) resulted in maximum structural relaxation.
Vital records in the development of injury control research.

Most of the resources of the emergency physician are devoted to persons already injured, with little emphasis on prevention. Analyses of state and local injury statistics are necessary to identify local prevention needs in order to set program priorities. We discuss an example, an analysis of statewide injury fatalities identified through the Illinois Vital Records database. The overall death rate for injuries in Illinois was lower than that found for the United States. However, the need for research on several high-risk age groups for certain injuries was identified. Most notably, the homicide rate for those 15 to 24 years old was 140% of the national rate. Other specific nonwhite age groups were overrepresented in poisoning, fire, and firearm deaths, while specific white age groups were overrepresented in suicide, fall, and drowning deaths. The research regarding the etiologies of these injuries and the formulation and evaluation of prevention strategies based on this research must be interdisciplinary. The emergency physician is in a unique position to serve as a member of such an interdisciplinary injury control team, but currently there is little emphasis on or training for this role.
Subsonic Aerodynamic Fin-Folding Moments for the Tactical Tomahawk Missile Configuration

*To meet future missions, the U.S. Navy is developing more versatile missile systems while conforming to meet today’s fiscal constraints. The next generation Tactical Tomahawk (TT) has been designed as a flexible battlefield weapon that is half the cost of the current Tomahawk. A complete definition of the aerodynamic fin-folding moments was required to ensure the robustness of the design of the TT tail fin deployment system. An extensive aerodynamic database was needed to accomplish this task; however, program schedule and funding levels originally ruled out wind tunnel testing. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) recommended using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and was tasked to develop the necessary aerodynamic database. The large number of database points and short timeframe pointed toward the use of a lower order computational tool. The VSAERO analysis code was used to compute the subsonic aerodynamic characteristics of the TT tail fin-folding moments at deployment during the launch sequence. Quasi steady-state results were obtained at various fin-folding angles as a function of M, αt, and φ. This paper presents and discusses the computational results. Although not originally planned or budgeted, a wind tunnel test was ultimately performed, which provided an opportunity to compare the computational and wind tunnel data. The data comparison generally shows good agreement between the computational and experimental results. The computational results predicted the magnitude of the aerodynamic fin-folding moments to be considerably higher and more variable than initially estimated. As a result of this and other related analyses, a redesign of the TT tail fin deployment system was subsequently performed prior to the flight-testing phase.
Development of a Physics-Based Force Field for the Scoring and Refinement of Protein Models

The minimal requirements of a physics-based potential that can refine protein structures are the existence of a correlation between the energy with native similarity and the scoring of the native structure as the lowest in energy. To develop such a force field, the relative weights of the Amber ff03 all-atom potential supplemented by an explicit hydrogen-bond potential were adjusted by global optimization of energetic and structural criteria for a large set of protein decoys generated for a set of 58 nonhomologous proteins. The average correlation coefficient of the energy with TM-score significantly improved from 0.25 for the original ff03 potential to 0.65 for the optimized force field. The fraction of proteins for which the native structure had lowest energy increased from 0.22 to 0.90. Moreover, use of an explicit hydrogen-bond potential improves scoring performance of the force field. Promising preliminary results were obtained in applying the optimized potentials to refine protein decoys using only an energy criterion to choose the best decoy among sampled structures. For a set of seven proteins, 63% of the decoys improve, 18% get worse, and 19% are not changed.
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG YOUNG CERCOCARPUS LEDIFOLIUS (CURLLEAF MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY)

This study analyzed spatial location patterns Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt. (cutleaf mountain mahogany) plants, classified as current-year seedling, established seedling, juvenile, and immature individuals, at a central Nevada study site. Most current-year seedlings were located in mahogany stands in which large, mature individuals had the greatest abundance. These stands had greater litter cover and a thicker layer of litter than areas with few current-year seedlings. Most established young Cercocarpus were located in adjacent Artemisia tridentata spp. vaseyana (mountain big sagebrush) communities, or in frequent canopy gaps between relatively few large, mature Cercocarpus . We discuss potential roles of plant litter, root growth characteristics, nurse plants, and herbivory in the establishment and renewal of Cercocarpus communities.
Depressive Symptoms Among African American and White Older Adults

Guided by a stress and coping model, we explored determinants of depressive symptoms among community samples of older African Americans (n=255) and older Whites (n=452). We gave focus to the effects of demographic variables, physical health constraints (chronic conditions and functional disability), and psychosocial attributes (sense of mastery, religiosity, social support, and satisfaction with support), along with their interactive roles. We identified lower education, greater functional disability, lower sense of mastery, and poorer satisfaction with support as common risk factors for depressive symptoms in both groups; in contrast, the effects of age, gender, and religiosity were race specific. In addition, we obtained significant interactions among predictor variables in each group, identifying risk-reducing and risk-enhancing factors within each group.
A Cross-Cultural Study of Recognition Thresholds for Facial Expressions of Emotion

Forty American (20 males, 20 females) and 31 Malaysian (20 males, II females) college students responded to 60 tachistoscopic presentations of photographs of facial expressions by judging the gender and the emotional expression of each face. The duration of exposure times ranged from 3 msec. to 800 msec. Stable recognition thresholds for most emotional expressions were established by 12 or 25 msec., with fear requiring 300 msec. to be recognized by each group of subjects. Happiness and sadness were the most accurately identified emotions, and anger and fear were the most difficult for subjects to recognize. Females were better than males at identifying surprise and fear, especially at the longer exposure times, and the ability to identify anger was strongly affected by both the sex and cultural background of the subject. Although there were several instances in which Malaysian and American subjects differed, overall accuracy of recognition and perceptual thresholds were not strongly related to differences...
Energy levels of light nuclei A = 5–10

A review of the evidence on the properties of the nuclei with A = 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, with emphasis on material leading to information about the structure of the A = 5−10 systems.
Hybrid two-dimensional subwavelength surface-relief grating–mesh structures

The homogeneous behavior of periodic two-dimensional subwavelength surface-relief structures that contain both gratings and meshes (inverse gratings) are investigated. It is shown that when effective indices are synthesized near the higher index (substrate region), mesh structures yield larger feature sizes compared with their grating counterparts, whereas grating structures yield larger feature sizes when effective indices are synthesized near the lower index (incident region). For each type of structure investigated, a relation between the parameters of the structure and an effective refractive index is determined. It is shown that an equal area occupied by the high- or low-index media within the grating cell does not, in general, result in equal effective indices. The effective index of the grating is shown to be characterized by both the shape (local distribution) and the area of the high- or low-index medium within the unit grating cell. Finally, the advantages of subwavelength gratings and meshes are combined to produce hybrid grating-mesh structures that are less demanding on the fabrication process.
Public Accountants' Perceptions of Ethical Work Climate: An Exploratory Study of the Difference Between Partners and Employees within the Instrumental Dimension

The purpose of this study is to consider whether the perceptions of the instrumental dimension of ethical work climate of partners (owners) of public accounting firms differ from those of employees. Perceptions of ethical climate are based on the theory developed by Victor and Cullen (1, 2). Professionals from five public accounting firms located in New York State participated in the study. Findings suggest partners' perceptions of the instrumental dimension of ethical work climate differ from those of employees. Findings suggest a relationship between the instrumental dimension (based on self-interest) and unethical behavior (9, 10). Forte (8) found a relationship between management levels and ethical climate type. The purpose of this study is to consider whether public accounting firm partners' percep- tions of instrumental climate differ from those of the firm's employees. The second section of this paper discusses the theoretical development of ethical work climate, the initial studies that produced the ECQ and the research that demon- strates support for the empirically determined dimensions. An overview of studies examining the relationship between ethical climate and other constructs is also provided. The third section outlines the research methods and the final sec- tion discusses data analysis and results.
A simulation model for evaluation of distributed processing in multi-hop packet radio networks

The authors describe a simulation model developed to aid in the evaluation of distributed processing scenario in a highly dynamic environment such as a multihop packet radio network. The simulation model has a set of identical packet radio nodes, employs spread spectrum random access protocols, and has an error model that includes the effects of interference from concurrent transmission as well as that induced by an on-off partial band jammer. An abstract description of hierarchical primary and subtask structures has been devised wherein a distributed task is described by a script that specifies processing time, sequences of subtasks, and lengths of request and response messages. The features of multihop packet radio networks are described that are relevant to the effort. The details of the network simulation, including the transport features are given. The distributed task scenario description is outlined. Some typical numerical results obtained from simulations are presented. >
White matter density is increased in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma and multiple seizure types

Summary Many patients with hypothalamic hamartomas present in infancy with gelastic seizures of subcortical origin, but later develop additional seizure types, including complex partial, tonic, and generalized tonic–clonic seizures. The basic cellular mechanisms responsible for this evolution in seizure types are unknown. Using voxel-based morphometry of T1 weighted MRI scans we compared eight patients with only gelastic seizures with 16 age-matched patients with multiple seizure types and found significantly greater white matter density in the temporal lobes and cerebellum in those with multiple seizure types. This suggests that increased white matter density, perhaps resulting from maturational changes and resulting in increased brain connectivity, is associated with a higher likelihood of cortical involvement in epilepsy resulting from hypothalamic hamartoma.
Mesna and other free-sulfhydryl compounds produce false-positive results in a urine test strip method for ascorbic acid.

Urine additives/preservatives (1) and drugs excreted in the urine (2) can interfere in urine test strip (dipstick) methods. The uroprotective drug mesna (sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) and other free-sulfhydryl compounds produce false-positive results in ketone methods that are based on the Legal reaction (alkaline sodium nitroprusside) (3). I observed that these compounds also cause false-positive results for ascorbic acid with the Rapignost® Total Screen L dipstick (Behring Diagnostics). For quantitative assessment of the phenomenon, urine specimens were pooled to contain various concentrations of ascorbic acid, glucose, protein, and/or red blood cells/hemoglobin. When these pools were tested for ascorbic acid with Rapignost (visual reading) and for other analytes with Chemstrip® 10UA (Roche/Boehringer Mannheim) on an automated Chemstrip analyzer, positive reactions included ascorbic acid (+) and protein (0.30 g/L or ++) in pool 1; leukocytes (25–100/μL or trace to +), protein (0.15 g/L or trace), and red blood cells/hemoglobin (25–50 red blood cells/μL or + hemoglobin) in pool 2; and protein (1.00 g/L or ++), glucose (2.5 g/L), and red blood cells/hemoglobin (10–25 red blood cells/μL or trace to + hemoglobin) in pool 3. Increasing concentrations [final concentration, 1.25 mmol/L (0.2 g/L), 2.5 mmol/L (0.4 g/L), and 5.0 mmol/L (0.8 …
Use of effective questioning to enhance the cognitive abilities of students

Skillful questioning can be very effective in enhancing the cognitive abilities of medical students, residents, fellows, and students from the various health professions. Teachers should be able to use one of the taxonomies of thinking skills described in the literature in order to pose a variety of questions corresponding to various levels of cognition. Bloom's taxonomy is very useful in this regard. It includes a hierarchy starting with knowledge as the lowest-level cognitive skill, advancing through comprehension, application, analysis, and synthesis to evaluation at the highest level. Teachers should be able to construct questions that require different levels of thinking and use them during interactive discussions. The process of effective questioning includes establishing an appropriate environment, creating a climate conducive to learning, using an appropriate mix of questions, phrasing questions accurately, interposing sufficient wait time, and using various probes in response to the answers given by students. Teachers should be trained to enhance their own questioning skills through workshops, peer observation and critique, videotaping and feedback, and use of self-study modules.
Desmoglein 3 chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells: a novel strategy for immunotherapy of pemphigus vulgaris (THER2P.958)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a blistering skin disease caused by autoantibodies (autoAbs) to desmoglein (Dsg) 3. PV therapy relies on general immunosuppression, risking severe infection with chronic use. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have revolutionized immunotherapy. To evaluate this potent approach for PV, we engineered a series of Dsg3 chimeric autoAb receptors (CAARs), consisting of various Dsg3 extracellular (EC) domains fused to either T or NK receptor signaling domains. In vitro , Dsg3 CAAR T cells specifically kill target cells expressing surface anti-Dsg3 EC1, EC2, or EC3 autoAbs, with the most broad and potent cytolysis by the Dsg3 EC1-4 CAAR using the T cell CD137CD3ζ signaling domain (p=0.0001). Dsg3 CAAR T cells do not kill Fc-receptor + cells coated with Dsg3 autoAbs or keratinocytes whose surface proteins might interact with the Dsg3 CAAR. TIRF microscopy reveals that autoAb binding by the Dsg3 CAAR forms supramolecular activation complexes, with segregation of the CAAR away from CD45, a regulator of T cell receptor activation. In a preclinical PV NSG mouse model, bioluminescent AK23 (anti-EC1 surface IgG + ) hybridoma cells were efficiently killed by Dsg3 CAAR (p=0.0015), resulting in prolonged survival of CAAR-treated versus control mice (p=0.016) without skin toxicity. CAAR T cells represent a novel strategy for PV therapy that specifically targets autoantigen-specific B cells and that could readily be applied to other autoAb-mediated diseases.
Kalman Filtering for Relative Inertial Navigation of Uninhabited Air Vehicles

An extended Kalman filter is derived for estimating the relative position and attitude of a pair of uninhabited air vehicles, designated leader and follower. All leader states are assumed known, while the relative states are estimated using line-of-sight measurements between the vehicles along with angular rate and acceleration measurements of the follower. Noise is present on all measurements, while biases are present only on the latter two. Line-of-sight measurements are generated using visual navigation beacons. The global attitude is parameterized using a quaternion, while the local attitude error is given by a three-dimensional attitude representation. The quaternion normalization constraint is maintained using a multiplicative error quaternion. Simulation results show that the relative states and measurement biases converge within their respective covariance bounds. The number of visual navigation beacons is shown to affect estimator convergence in the presence of initial condition errors.
Characterization of P1argF derivatives from Escherichia coli K12 transduction. I. IS1 elements flank the argF gene segment.

Specialized transducing derivatives of the temperate bacteriophage P1 (P1std) are selected by transduction into recipients with deletions in the corresponding genes (Stodolsky 1973). When Escherichia coli K12 strains are used as donors in such transduction experiments, P1argF derivatives can be selected. The argF gene is unique to these strains (Glansdorff et al. 1967). Under these experimental conditions P1argF are formed with frequencies 10,000 times greater than other P1std. The majority of the P1argF derivatives that have been analyzed are indistinguishable by cleavage analyses. One such derivative, P1argF5 has been characterized in detail. Heteroduplex analysis against P1, P7, and P1CmO identified an 11 kb insertion of DNA precisely at the naturally occurring IS1 locus of P1. Cleavage analysis with EcoRI, BamHI and PstI confirmed this finding. To further define the argF insertion, a P1Cm13argF derivative was constructed having the IS1 sequences of Cm13 and argF in opposite orientation. Intrastrand annealing of P1Cm13argF5 DNA established that the argF segment is flanked by directly repeated IS1 sequences. The IS1-argF-IS1 segment is desigmated Tn2901. The assignment of the map position of the argF gene within the 11 kb insert of P1argF5 is discussed. The evolutionary significance of this finding and a model for P1argF formation is also presented.
Island Dynamics in Film Aging

A theory is presented which describes the capillary-driven aging of discontinuous thin films on a substrate, where the primary transport mechanism among the domains is two-dimensional diffusion of species over the substrate. This theory employs a statistical dynamics formulation, whereby the average growth rate for each domain size class is determined relative to the critical (zero-growth) domain size. The time dependence of the critical size is determined through a global constraint on the individual fields. The effect of fractional area coverage, Aa, is accounted for through a second global constraint over the distribution of island sizes. This theory yields a self-similar size distribution that is fairly insensitive to Aa. The critical island radius, R*, is found to increase asymptotically as the cube-root of time. The growth rate of R* increases with Aa, which results from the closer proximity of the islands and steeper concentration gradients as Aa increases.
Historical narrative and emotional paradigms: The case of Solzhenitsyn's The Red Wheel and his other works

Abstract It is not the collection of data but emotional axioms which defines the nature of the narrative. Alexander Solzhenitsyn's view on the 1917 Revolution demonstrates this clearly. Working on his monumental history of the Russian Revolution, he collected enormous amounts of material which indicated that Russia experienced the complete meltdown throughout 1914–1917 and the brutal Bolshevik dictatorship was among the few viable options to stop the country's complete destruction. Still due to his visceral hatred of the regime, Solzhenitsyn was unable to understand the nature of the events when the outcome was in sharp contrast to his views.
Surgery for Renal Cell Carcinoma Extending into the Inferior Vena Cava

AbstractWe have reviewed 26 patients with renal cell carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava, 21 of whom underwent radical nephrectomy with either venacavotomy and tumor thrombectomy, or vena cava resection. Of 12 patients who presented with localized neoplasm 6 (50 per cent) are currently alive. Poor results were obtained in 9 patients who had preoperative metastatic disease. Over-all operative mortality was 14 per cent and morbidity was minimal, with no pulmonary emboli intraoperatively or postoperatively.
A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO THE CAPD PRESCRIPTION

The CAPD prescription, expressed as daily drainage volume, can be formulated as a function of the recommended dietary protein intake and the average BUN level. This process is greatly simplified be...