cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The three-dimensional spatial relationship between the collagen fibrils and the inorganic calcium-phosphate crystals of pickerel and herring fish bone.

High-voltage (1.0 mega-volt) electron stereomicroscopy has been used to examine the spatial relationship between the inorganic crystals and the collagen fibrils of pickerel and herring bone. Stereomicrographs of cross sections of the collagen fibrils encompassing regions of initial to full mineralization showed that the calcium phosphate crystals are located within the collagen fibrils. In all stages of mineralization, calciumphosphate deposits were not observed associated or within membrane-bound structures. Serial cross sections of the fully mineralized collagen fibrils were three-dimensionally reconstructed using the computer graphic imaging process. Findings from this study suggest that there exist a local ‘bulging“ along the fibrils corresponding to the ∼680 A periodicity in which additonal mass of minerals were observed to be accomodated within the collagen fibril structure at this sites.
Sequence-dependent interactions between transient calcium and transmitter stimuli in activation of mammalian brain adenylyl cyclase

Recent evidence implicates Ca2+/CaM-sensitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) as a molecular coincidence detector for temporally paired stimuli during associative learning. During conditioning in Aplysia, AC is optimally activated when Ca2+ influx, the cellular signal for the conditioned stimulus (CS), precedes binding of modulatory transmitter, the cellular signal for the unconditioned stimulus (US). This sequence preference of the AC for Ca2+-before-transmitter, parallels the CS-preceding-US pairing requirement of classical conditioning. In this study, we have examined the response of AC from rat cerebellum to brief exposures to Ca2+ and to transmitter in a perfused membrane assay. We observed modest synergism between Ca2+ and transmitter in activating AC. Activation was more effective when a Ca2+ stimulus immediately preceded a transmitter stimulus than when the two stimuli were delivered in the reverse order. Thus, rat cerebellar AC displayed a sequence preference for optimal activation by paired stimuli similar to that observed in Aplysia; this sequence dependence could contribute to the CS–US sequence requirement observed in most mammalian classical conditioning paradigms.
Use of plasmid profiles and restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid DNA as epidemiologic and diagnostic tools in the clinical microbiology laboratory

Abstract We have found plasmid profiling and restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid DNA to be simple, inexpensive, and reproducible methods of typing nosocomial pathogens for diagnostic and epidemiologic purposes. These methods are useful in epidemiologic studies as aids in confirming an epidemic, identifying the source and mode of transmission of nosocomial pathogens, and in directing infection control efforts. They are useful diagnostically in confirming an infection and distinguishing between reinfection or relapse. We are certain that these and other molecular typing methods will play an increasing role in the diagnosis and control of infectious diseases.
Minimum entropy production and logarithmic rate equations

Abstract A system interacting with a heat bath and radiation is considered. It is assumed that the steady state is exactly characterized by the principle of minimum entropy production. From this, the general form of the equations for the time rate of change of the probabilities of the states is derived and the rate equations are shown to be nonlinear and to involve the differences of the logarithms of the probabilities. Some properties of these equations are discussed and the specific cases of two- and three-state subsystems are considered and compared with results obtained from the usual linear rate equations.
Performance factors in regard to impaired memory and tolerance induced by atropine sulfate

Acetylcholine is a widespread neurotransmitter in brain, but many studies have proposed a special sensitivity of memory consequent to disturbance of acetylcholine transmission. The present paper demonstrates that systemically administered atropine sulfate, an anticholinergic drug, appears to impair “representational” memory in a dose-related manner. Memory was indicated by discriminations made under positive reward when no critical sensory cues were available to the animal at the time of choice. By inference, the successful discriminations must have been made on the basis of memory traces. The paper also demonstrates that a marked tolerance to effects of the drug develops with repeated administration, but no conclusions are possible concerning the mechanism underlying the tolerance. However, it cannot be concluded unequivocally that the anticholinergic drug is selectively affecting representational memory, because response times (a performance factor) are similarly affected.
Adult Patients’ Perspectives on the Benefits and Harms of Overused Screening Tests: a Qualitative Study

Background In recent years, there has been a growing interest in reducing the overuse of healthcare services. However, little is known about how patients conceptualize the benefits and harms of overused screening tests or how patients make decisions regarding these tests.
The physical properties of extruded food foams

The extrusion cooking process has led to the production of many novel foamed foods. Their formation is critically dependent on the processing history and the local conditions at the die. The pore size generally decreases with a decrease in foam bulk density, whilst foamed plastics show the opposite trend. Narrow pore size distributions tend to be associated with foams where the pore size is small compared with the extrudate dimensions. A pendulum impact device has been used to assess the deformation of the different foams as a function of impact energy. The compressive strain increases to a maximum corresponding to the densification of these brittle foams. This contrasts with data for plastic foams.
Bilingual Parenting as Good Parenting: Parents' Perspectives on Family Language Policy for Additive Bilingualism.

This paper investigates how parents explain, frame and defend their particular family language policies. We focus here on 24 families who are attempting to achieve additive Spanish-English bilingualism for their children, an aim which in many cases requires parents to use and to teach a language that is not their first language, nor the primary language of the home or wider community. We explore how parents make these decisions; how parents position themselves relative to ‘expert’ advice and other members of their extended families; and how these decisions are linked to their identities as ‘good’ parents. Our data suggest that parents draw selectively from expert advice and popular literature, using it to bolster their decisions in some cases while rejecting it in others. Extended families, in contrast, generally were raised in the interview discourse as points of (negative) contrast. Overall, we find that parents primarily relied on their own personal experiences with language learning in making decision...
Structural studies of bitetrahedryl molecule C8H6, coupled tricyclo[3.1.0.0]hexyl molecule C12H14, and coupled bicyclo[1.1.0]butane derivatives

Abstract The equilibrium geometries of the bitetrahedryl molecule C 8 H 6 , the coupled tricyclo[3.1.0.0]hexyl molecule C 12 H 14 , the 1,1′-bi(tricyclo[3.1.0.0]hexane-6,6′-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester), and the 1,1′-bi(tricyclo[4.1.0.0]heptane-7,7′-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester) have been optimized by the AM1 semi-empirical quantum-mechanical method. As suggested by Ermer, Bell, Schafer and Szeimies, the central CC bond distance for the coupled tricyclo[3.1.0.0]hexyl molecule is predicted to be longer than that for the bitetrahedryl molecule. Our AM1 calculations predict the central CC distance in the bitetrahedryl molecule to be 0.023 A less than in the coupled tricyclo[3.1.0.0]hexyl molecule, which is in good agreement with ab initio self-consistent field (SCF) calculations. However, AM1 calculations predict that the shortest CC bond in tricyclo[3.1.0.0]hexyl molecule is the central one, while ab initio SCF calculations predict the adjacent CC bond to be the shortest. X-ray crystal structures of the esters indicate that the shortest CC bond is the central one. AM1 calculations on the esters also predict that the central CC bond is the shortest such bond ever found.
Fuel cell technology and innovation

Abstract Fuel cells are an innovative technology, but present designs require much more innovation before they can make a large impact on future energy conversion markets. They are regarded today as competition for dispersed generation using conventional clean fossil fuels. Since they use hydrogen, they are built into large chemical plants which may be regarded as dispersed refineries. The size of the plant is determined by this refinery, which cannot be scaled down effectively to the units of a few kW of less, where the fuel cell potentially excels. If they are liberated from this requirement either by the use of new materials or (more likely) by the direct use of hydrogen, first from natural gas, then from renewables, they can have a major impact. How innovation may be used to tackle the home and automobile energy conversion markets is considered.
The surface of labradorite feldspar after acid hydrolysis

Abstract After reaction with a pH Both the surface area of the reacted feldspar and the porosity increase with acid hydrolysis. Modeling of nitrogen sorption onto the surface suggests that the pores have a nominal radius of ∼ 20–80 A or less. This distribution of pore sizes resembles other acid-reacted silicate materials, such as glass, chrysotile and kaolinite. Although the mineral surface clearly becomes more porous during acid hydrolysis, the increase in powder area also does not coincide with an increase in the flux of dissolved Si from the powder. We thus attribute most of this increase in area to spallation of the silica-rich surface from the feldspar upon drying.
Increased rate of disappearance of serum probenecid in barbital dependent rats.

Abstract Rats were made barbital dependent by administration of barbital in their drinking water. Subsequently, the rats were either not withdrawn (BN) or withdrawn from barbital for 24 h (BW-24). Before sacrifice, probenecid was administered to measure brain serotonin turnover. A statistically significant decrease in 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA) accumulation was observed in the cerebral cortex, medulla pons and midbrain. Subsequently, serum levels of probenecid were also measured by gas chromatography to determine if chronic barbital consumption might affect circulating probenecid. By ninety minutes following probenecid administration, serum probenecid levels in BN and BW-24 rats were significantly lower than control while a probenecid metabolite was significantly increased. The significantly reduced accumulation of 5-HIAA in brain areas of BN and BW-24 rats is probably the result of the more rapid decline of probenecid rather than a true decrease in serotonin turnover.
Cashing in on the American Dream: Racial Differences in Housing Values 1970–2000

Home ownership represents much more than shelter; home ownership is also indicative of an individual's or a group's social and economic standing. Racial and ethnic differences have been observed not only in home ownership but also in housing values. The present study examines the extent to which differences in housing values between Asians, blacks, Hispanics and whites, and among black ethnic groups, can be attributed to race and ethnicity or to other sociological factors such as age, gender, marital status, region, occupational score, nativity, year of immigration and English proficiency. Changes in the determinants of housing values between 1970 and 2000 are assessed over time as well as changes in the level of inequality on housing values between whites and non‐whites. The findings reveal that the housing gap between whites and non‐whites over the past few decades has actually grown over time. As home values make up the largest component of the average American's portfolio, these findings may be signif...
Rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems using a PDMS/polymer tape composite

Rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems using a combination of double-sided tape and PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) is introduced. PDMS is typically difficult to bond using adhesive tapes due to its hydrophobic nature and low surface energy. For this reason, PDMS is not compatible with the xurography method, which uses a knife plotter and various adhesive coated polymer tapes. To solve these problems, a PDMS/tape composite was developed and demonstrated in microfluidic applications. The PDMS/tape composite was created by spinning it to make a thin layer of PDMS over double-sided tape. Then the PDMS/tape composite was patterned to create channels using xurography, and bonded to a PDMS slab. After removing the backing paper from the tape, a complete microfluidic system could be created by placing the construct onto nearly any substrate; including glass, plastic or metal-coated glass/silicon substrates. The bond strength was shown to be sufficient for the pressures that occur in typical microfluidic channels used for chemical or biological analysis. This method was demonstrated in three applications: standard microfluidic channels and reactors, a microfluidic system with an integrated membrane, and an electrochemical biosensor. The PDMS/tape composite rapid prototyping technique provides a fast and cost effective fabrication method and can provide easy integration of microfluidic channels with sensors and other components without the need for a cleanroom facility.
Save That Screen

An electronic archive of ILL requests is just a SaveScreen away for libraries with M300 Workstations. At New Jersey Institute of Technology we save each outgoing ILL request to a diskette by simultaneously pressing . The process of saving takes about 5 seconds per record and we can fit about 300 records on a 360K diskette.
Myeloproliferative Disease in Mice with Reduced Presenilin Gene Dosage: Effect of γ-Secretase Blockage

Mammalian presenilins (PS) consist of two highly homologous proteins, PS1 and PS2. Because of their indispensable activity in the γ-secretase cleavage of amyloid precursor protein to generate Aβ peptides, inhibition of PS γ-secretase activity is considered a potential therapy for Aβ blockage and Alzheimer's disease intervention. However, a variety of other substrates are also subject to PS-dependent processing, and it is thus imperative to understand the consequences of PS inactivation in vivo. Here we report a pivotal role of PS in hematopoiesis. Mice heterozygous for PS1 and homozygous for PS2 (PS1+/-PS2-/-) developed splenomegaly with severe granulocyte infiltration. This was preceded by an overrepresentation of granulocytic cells in the bone marrow and a greatly increased multipotent granulocyte−monocyte progenitor in the spleen. In contrast, hematopoietic stem cells and T- and B-lymphocytes were not affected. Importantly, treatment of wild-type splenocytes with a γ-secretase inhibitor directly promot...
Model-based software-defined radio(SDR) design using FPGA

A software-defined radio (SDR) allows for digital communication systems to easily adopt more sophisticated coding and modulation technologies, which is extremely important in meeting the ever-increasing demands of the wireless communication industry. In this study, an SDR has been constructed using Xilinx system generator tools and implemented on the Virtex-II Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The Xilinx system generator allows for fixed-point logic system design, hardware/software co-simulation, and board implementation through a model-based approach. In the SDR, Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is chosen as the modulation scheme for demonstration. Through a wireless link, the QPSK signal experiences amplitude attenuation, frequency and phase shifts causing rotation of the signal constellation. A phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit is designed for carrier and symbol synchronization for recovery of data from the received signal. In order to resolve the phase ambiguity of the QPSK system, a differential encoding scheme is also implemented.
Microbial precipitation of dolomite in methanogenic groundwater

We report low-temperature microbial precipitation of dolomite in dilute natural waters from both field and laboratory experiments. In a freshwater aquifer, microorganisms colonize basalt and nucleate nonstoichiometric dolomite on cell walls. In the laboratory, ordered dolomite formed at near-equilibrium conditions from groundwater with molar Mg:Ca ratios of <1; dolomite was absent in sterile experiments. Geochemical and microbiological data suggest that methanogens are the dominant metabolic guild in this system and are integral to dolomite precipitation. We hypothesize that the attached microbial consortium reacts with the basalt surface, releasing Mg and Ca into solution, which drives dolomite precipitation via nucleation on the cell wall. These findings provide insight into the long-standing dolomite problem and suggest a fundamental role for microbial processes in the formation of dolomite across a wide range of environmental conditions.
The synthesis of 13C-enriched α-methyldopa

Alpha-methyldopa hydrochloride, specifically labelled with 13C in the benzylic position, was prepared for use in biotransformation studies. Carbonation of the lithio derivative of 3,4-dibenzyloxybenzene with 13CO2 (64 atom percent) was followed by LiA1H4 reduction of the resulting benzoic acid. Oxidation with CrO3 provided the benzaldehyde which was condensed with nitroethane to form the phenylnitropropene, Reduction of this phenylnitropropene with Fe/HOAc gave the corresponding phenyl-2-propanone which was converted to its hydantoin derivative. Base hydrolysis of the hydantoin followed by debenzylation in concentrated hydrochloric acid gave the desired alpha-methyldopa hydrochloride in 16% overall yield.
NMR analysis of surfaces and interfaces in 2-nm CdSe

Solid-state NMR analysis on wurtzite 2-nm hexadecylamine-capped CdSe nanocrystals (CdSe-HDA) provides evidence of discrete nanoparticle reconstruction within the Se sublattice of the nanomaterial. The cadmium and selenium atoms are probed with (1)H-(113)Cd and (1)H-(77)Se cross-polarization magic angle spinning (MAS) experiments, which demonstrate five ordered selenium sites in the nanoparticle that can be assigned to contributions arising from different surface sites and a selenium site one layer down from the surface. Intriguingly, in these materials both HDA and thiophenol are observed to selectively bind to specific sites on the nanoparticle surface. 2D heteronuclear chemical shift correlation (HETCOR) experiments provide evidence for thiophenol selectively binding at surface vacancies. Analysis of the NMR provides a model of a 2-nm CdSe-HDA molecular surface.
Frequency and correlates of fatigue in lung cancer patients receiving radiation therapy : Implications for management

The medical records of 50 consecutive patients receiving radiation therapy for histologically diagnosed lung cancer were retrospectively reviewed to determine the frequency of fatigue and its relationship to pain, depression, and other potentially treatable correlates. Fatigue developed in 39 of the 50 patients (78%), and was not strongly related to demographic or disease variables. Pain was experienced by 40 patients (80%), but depression was noted in the records of only six patients (12%). Onset of fatigue closely followed development of pain in only 11 patients. Lower frequency of fatigue in patients with previous surgery or chemotherapy and the likelihood of a response shift suggest these were not significant causes of fatigue. Previous studies highlight a higher frequency of depression in cancer patients and a correlation with treatment-related fatigue. Prospective studies on the relationship between depression and fatigue and the ability of antidepressants to ameliorate treatment-related fatigue are needed.
Siliceous Shells of Protozoa

IT is of course well known that some Protozoa (as Radiolaria and Heliozoa) have the hard parts siliceous, while others (as Foraminifera) have them calcareous. Sponges show analogous groups. In 1911,1 when discussing the freshwater genus Quadrulella (Rhizopoda), I remarked: “In his recently published (1911) paper on the Rhizopods of the British Antarctic Expedition, Penard calls attention to the curious fact that while the square plates of Q. symmetrica are siliceous, those of Q. irregularis (Archer) are calcareous, and will dissolve in hot concentrated sulphuric acid. He therefore inclines to agree with Awerinzew that the two animals are really generically distinct, and represent a case of convergent evolution.” There has just been published a very interesting paper by Heron-Allen and Earland2 in which they describe a new genus (Miliammina) of Foraminifera with a siliceous test, represented by five species in the Antarctic. But, in 1914, Chapman dealt with one of these species, calling it a new variety arenacea of the northern Miliolina oblonga (Montagu). The new form is said to be a siliceous ‘isomorph’ of the porcellanous M. oblonga. The question naturally arises, whether in such cases we do have ‘convergent evolution’, as I postulated in 1911, or divergent evolution, the form of the shell being ancestral, the material of it changed. Heron-Allen and Earland are a little ambiguous about the type species of their new genus. I now formally designate as such Miliammina arenacea (Chapman), which they, for no apparent reason, call M. oblonga (Chapman).
Dynamic links between emerging cognitive skills and brain processes.

The goal of the present study was to investigate whether advanced cognitive skills in one domain impact the neural processing of unrelated skills in a different cognitive domain. This question is related to the broader issue of how cognitive-neurodevelopment proceeds as different skills are mastered. To address this goal, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to assess linkages between cognitive skills of preschool children as reflected in their performance on a pre-reading screening test (Get Ready To Read) and their neural responses while engaged in a geometric shape matching task. Sixteen children (10 males) participated in this study. The children ranged from 46 to 60 months (SD = 4.36 months). ERPs were recorded using a 128-electrode high-density array while children attended to presentations of matched and mismatched shapes (triangles, circles, or squares). ERPs indicated that children with more advanced pre-reading skills discriminated between matched and mismatched shapes earlier than ch...
Spontaneous-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in a Toddler with Review of Mechanisms and Etiologies

Atrial fibrillation is a relatively rare form of arrhythmia in the pediatric population. When it is seen in an infant or child, it is often associated with a structural heart abnormality, particularly after surgical repair or palliation of congenital heart disease. Other episodes may be associated with metabolic derangements. This report discusses the unique case of a toddler with newonset atrial fibrillation that was devoid of a readily identifiable etiology. It also reviews the literature and the implications of such a case for the primary care practitioner.
Experiencing the “Growing Edge”: Transformative Teacher Education to Foster Social Justice Perspectives

This article explores how teachers’ perceptions of social justice issues are developed through experiential learning opportunities and maps their transformations in thinking onto the three levels o...
Polarization dependence of SBS in small-core PCFs

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) generated from noise in small core PCFs exhibits a strong dependence on pump polarization. The birefringence of two small core PCFs is investigated, yielding unexpected results.
Biosynthesis of trans-cinnamate from phenylpyruvate and l-glutamate by cell-free extracts of grapefruit

Abstract In addition to l -phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (E.C. 4.3.1.5), young grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) possess phenylalanine-2-ketoglutarate aminotransferase (E.C. 2.6.1.5) and glutamate dehydrogenase ( l -glutamate:NAD(P) oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.4.1.2) activities sufficient to account for the biosynthesis of an appreciable amount of trans-cinnamate from phenylpyruvate and l -glutamate. This biosynthesis was demonstrated in vitro using a cell-free extract of young fruit tissues.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Therapies in the 21st Century

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an umbrella term for seven or more clinical patterns of arthritis of unknown cause in children. Until the mid-1980s, therapy for children, with what was then called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in the United States and juvenile chronic arthritis (JRA) elsewhere, consisted primarily of a small repertoire of antiinflammatory drugs and corticosteroids. However, only a small percentage of children respond to NSAIDs (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs) alone; almost all will respond to corticosteroids, but with the cost of unacceptable toxicities. Juvenile arthritis was often a crippling disease. The controlled trial that demonstrated methotrexate therapy was safe and effective in children was the major advance of that decade. With the burgeoning understanding of the immune system and the advent of biologic agents in the 21st century, pediatric rheumatologists now have many more therapies to offer patients, with the expectation that their disease will be controlled. This review will discuss current therapy and the approach to treatment of JIA.
Heterogeneity in the Familial Aggregation of Fasting Plasma Glucose in Five North American Populations: The Lipid Research Clinics Family Study

Heterogeneity in the familial aggregation of plasma glucose in five samples of the Lipid Research Clinics Family Study (LRC) was investigated using path analysis. This study was deemed appropriate since recent investigations reported a wide range of estimates for genetic and cultural factors. The path model incorporated a measured index of the familial environment in order to separate the effects of genes and environments in the nuclear family design, genetic and environmental heritabilities, spouse resemblance, sibling environmental effects, and parental cultural transmission. The methodology was completely general in allowing sample-specific, as well as pooled-sample, estimation of all or any subset of the model parameters. Genetic heritability estimates were heterogeneous, ranging from zero to 33% across the clinics. Environmental heritability (7%), spouse resemblance, non-transmitted sibling environmental effects, and parental cultural transmission were homogeneous across samples. No support was found for specific maternal effects, nor for intergenerational differences in cultural or genetic heritability. We conclude that the genetic and environmental heritabilities for plasma glucose in the LRC are consistent with the diverse reports by earlier investigators. In addition, we were able to exclude methodological differences as a cause of this heterogeneity. Furthermore, formal hypothesis tests suggest that the aetiology of this heterogeneity is genetic (and not cultural), taking the form of two distinct homogeneous patterns (one for no genetic effect, and one for a moderate genetic effect). Only formal heterogeneity tests of the type described here can detect these effects, and allow pooling of separate studies in order to obtain more precise estimates of the parameters of interest.
A comparison of implant extrusion rates and postoperative pain after evisceration with immediate or delayed implants and after enucleation with implants.

Purpose: To examine implant extrusion rates after evisceration with immediate or delayed implants in patients with culture-proven endophthalmitis. To compare postevisceration and postenucleation pain. Methods: This prospective, nonrandomized interventional case series included four groups of patients: group 1, 25 endophthalmitis patients undergoing evisceration with immediate implants; group 2, 15 endophthalmitis patients undergoing evisceration with delayed implants; group 3, 31 patients without endophthalmitis undergoing evisceration with immediate implants; and group 4, eight patients undergoing enucleations with implants. Standardized techniques and follow-up schedules were used. Postoperative pain was assessed by weighted frequency of pain medications used during two 48-hour periods. Statistical analysis was performed. Retrospective review of two series of patients undergoing evisceration was performed. Results: No cases of implant extrusion occurred during an average follow-up of 37.9 months. Average implant size was 19.0 mm. Conjunctival dehiscence occurred in one patient. Average total pain scores were 20.8 in endophthalmitis patients with immediate implants; 22.1 in endophthalmitis patients with delayed implants; 20.3 in patients without endophthalmitis and with immediate implants; and 23.1 in patients with enucleations and immediate implant insertions. Retrospective review suggested possible causes of implant extrusion. Conclusion: Both immediate and delayed implant techniques appear safe in patients with endophthalmitis, with the former being simpler, more cost-effective, and perhaps less painful. Prolonged antibiotic therapy and smaller implants may render a false sense of security against implant extrusion; good surgical technique and meticulous postoperative wound care are essential. Postenucleation pain appears more severe than postevisceration pain.
Pre-Service Teachers Use E-learning Technologies to Enhance Their Learning

The purpose of this study was twofold. The primary purpose was to improve pre-service teacher education by using technology to help pre-service teachers bridge the gap between academic preparation and practice. The secondary, but still important, objective was to familiarize pre-service teachers in the use of technology to support their future pedagogical activities. Therefore, this research sought to develop a method for training undergraduate students in designing, implementing, and evaluating lesson plans to solidify the relationship between research, pedagogy, and teaching practice. Specifically, this study investigated the implementation of e-learning as a method of instruction to help pre-service teachers evaluate and improve upon the implementation of their lesson plans during their real world practicum experiences. The study was guided by the following research questions: 1) What successes, challenges, and benefits do university instructors and pre-service teachers experience in using and analyzing video in teacher education methods coursework? 2) In what ways did the use of e-learning help the pre-service teachers improve their teaching during the practicum experience? Results showed that participants reported improved lesson planning, improved lesson implementation, visual interpretations of best practices, modeling, and peer and university instructor feedback as successes of the e-learning project. Challenges included participants’ frustrations of being overworked and overwhelmed with the technical problems associated with e-learning. Overall participants judged the e-learning project as a very positive aspect of their teacher training.
Comparison of carbon fiber and cesium iodide-coated carbon fiber cathodes

Presents results of an experimental comparison of a bare carbon fiber cathode and the same cathode when coated with cesium iodide salt (CsI). An annular cathode was constructed by arranging carbon fibers in an annular tuft pattern. The cathode was then operated as a bare carbon fiber cathode and in a configuration with a CsI coating. The cathode was tested at electric field strengths ranging from 50 kV/cm to 265 kV/cm at anode-cathode (A-K) gaps of 3.175 cm. The applied voltage had a 1-/spl mu/s duration and the modulator was operated at up to 1 Hz repetition rate. The system had a low base pressure (<1.0/spl times/10/sup -7/ torr). The article reports on results concerning the conditioning of the cathodes, the shot-to-shot reproducibility of the cathodes and the pressure evolution of the diode under 1 Hz operation. We also report on the impedance evolution of each of the diodes.
On the transmission line formed by two elliptical conductors

GLS3D, a recently developed solver code, coupled with the existing EAGLE grid generation code, is used to numerically solve for the potential and charge distributions of a transmission line formed by two elliptical conductors. This technique employs the finite-difference solution using boundary fitted coordinates. Results obtained by this technique and by the finite-difference technique with a rectangular grid are presented. A comparison with theoretical results for circular and flat conductors is made to illustrate the validity of the technique. >
Complex Litigation -- Class Action Waivers

Commentary and analysis of two Second and Third Circuit decisions relating to the viability of so-called “class action waivers” included in consumer arbitration clauses. California state and federal courts already have indicated their hostility towards such clauses, applying doctrines of arbitrability and contract unconscionability to override enforcement of such clauses. In two recent appellate decisions addressing the issue of class action waivers, the East Coast appears to be inching toward the West Coast in its attitudes toward these contractual devices to staunch aggregate class litigation through arbitral tribunals. Homa v. American Express Co., 2009 WL 440912 (3d Cir. Feb. 24, 2009); In re American Express Merchants' Litig., 554 F.3d 300 (2d Cir. 2009). The Homa and Merchants’ litigations both involved contractual arbitration agreements that included provisions barring class or collective actions. With the increasing prevalence of such waivers in arbitration clauses, the controversy over class action waivers has heated considerably. The Second and Third Circuit have now joined the Ninth Circuit in requiring close analysis of the enforceability of these provisions. The decisions differ in interesting ways. The Second Circuit denied enforceability under federal substantive principles of arbitrability, while the Third Circuit instead relied on state contract principles and public policy eschewing such waivers. In addition, both decisions focused on the nature of the small claims asserted and the potential inability of the claimants to pursue relief in the absence of a class action procedural mechanism. The courts differed concerning the effect of the possible recovery of treble damages in assessing the enforceability of class action waivers.
Astronomy and the Biological and Environmental Sciences

In this short chapter, miscellaneous applications of Laplace distributions are briefly surveyed. In the first section we report that Laplace distribution may in certain instances provide a better fit than the more complicated hyperbolic distribution. The central part of this chapter is devoted to an important application to the area of dose response curves studied by Uppuluri (1981), which unfortunately has not been investigated further due to the untimely death of the author.
Optimal Switching Policies for M/G/1 Queues with Two Performance Criteria

We study bicriterion optimization of an M/G/1 queue with a server that can be switched on and off. One criterion is an average waiting time, or an average number of customers in the system, and another criterion is an average operating cost per unit time. Operating costs consist of switching and running costs. We describe the structure of Pareto optimal policies and solve problems of optimization of one of these criteria under a constraint for another one.
The University Foresight Network: The Search for Common Ground among Foresight Educators

Five academic programs in futures studies and strategic foresight collaborated over the 2012–2013 academic year for the purpose of investigating what they were teaching, and particularly what was c...
The Origins of Costa Rican Federalism

The reluctance of Costa Rica to join in cooperative political action with her Central American neighbors has for more than a century been a dominant theme in the relations of these states with each other. Costa Rican separatism—a traditional withdrawal or aloofness from Central American political affairs—has been cited in most studies as a powerful factor in the repeated failure of the attemptsof these nations to create a single Central American Government. Always apart by reason of geography, and largely ignored by Spain, the Costa Ricans acquired strong feelings of exceptionality in late colonial times near the end of the eighteenth century. The basis of this attitude was the conviction that they were being badly treated by other Central American provinces, Guatemala and Nicaragua in particular, who in various ways were responsible for Costa Rican administration. In the few years remaining before independence the Costa Rican distrust was substantially increased by Central American and international events. Independence in 1821 intensified this separatism and grossly compounded it by freeing the forces of localism in individual towns and villages.
STRANGE LOOPS IN CFML: A LIVECODER’S RIDDLE

The practice of livecoding borrows heavily from the techniques and vocabulary of music and computer programming. In a setting where the design, implementation, execution, and reflective redesign of software systems are simultaneously overlaid and entangled with sonic creativity in the moment, traditional vocabularies fail to offer more than ambiguous metaphor. This paper uses examples from cfml, a minimal livecoding system, to probe the livecoder’s conceptual landscape, revealing unfamiliar structures and processes reminiscent of Hofstadter’s strange loops. Results from even rudimentary practice with an intentionally impoverished tool point at the need for further inquiry into these natively-livecoding concepts that are at the very edge of expression within the terminology of livecoding’s computer music origins.
Issues in the Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Antithrombin Deficiency

Objective: To review insights gained in the past several years about hereditary antithrombin (AT) deficiency and to outline approaches to the management of patients with AT deficiency in the acute and chronic settings. Data Sources: An extensive literature search of Scopus (January 2008-April 2016) was performed for the terms congenital antithrombin deficiency, inherited antithrombin deficiency, or hereditary antithrombin deficiency. Additional references were identified by reviewing literature citations. Study Selection: All relevant English-language case reports, reviews, clinical studies, meeting abstracts, and book chapters assessing hereditary AT deficiency were included. Data Synthesis: AT deficiency significantly increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The risk of VTE is particularly high during pregnancy, the postpartum period, and following major surgery. Effective clinical management includes determination of the appropriate type and duration of antithrombotic therapy (ie, AT replace...
What Sally Soprano Teaches Lawyers About Hitting the Right Ethical Note in ADR Advocacy

When lawyers, the ultimate comers of dispute resolution services, opt to mediate or arbitrate, they may select neutrals, shape the process and advocate in the chosen dispute resolution process in a way that comports with the lawyer’s own conflict style and is more akin to the lawyer’s litigation-bent, sometimes at the expense of the client’s expressed needs. This column will discuss this tension and suggest ways ethical lawyers might proceed.
TH-AB-206-01: Advances in Radionuclide Therapy - From Radioiodine to Nanoparticles

In the past few decades, the field of nuclear medicine has made long strides with the continued advancement of related sciences and engineering and the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides. Leveraging these advancements while combining the advantages of therapeutic and diagnostic radionuclides into one radiopharmaceutical has also created a new subfield “theranostics” in nuclear medicine that has the potential to further propel the field into the future. This session is composed of two talks; one focused on the physics principles of theranostics from properties of beta and alpha emitting radionuclides to dosimetric models and quantification; while the second describes preclinical and clinical applications of theranostics and discusses the challenges and opportunities of bringing them to the clinic. At the end of the session the listener should be able to identify: •The different properties of beta and alpha emitting radionuclides •Which radionuclides are selected for which nuclear medicine therapies and why •How PET can be used to accurately quantify the uptake of tumor targeting molecules •How individualized dosimetry can be performed from the management of thyroid cancer to novel radiolabeled antibody therapies •Promising pre-clinical radiopharmaceutical pairs in prostate cancer and melanoma. •Promising clinical Theranostics in neuroendocrine cancers. •Challenges of bringing Theranostics to the clinic. E. Delpassand, RITA Foundation -Houston; SBIR Grant; CEO and share holder of RadioMedix.
Dynamic Condensation of Nonclassically Damped Models

The static and dynamic condensation methods for undamped models have been described in Chapters 4, 5, and 6. These methods are also valid for proportionally or classically damped models because the proportional damping does not affect the normal modes of the undamped models. However, for many real-world structures and systems the proportional damping assumption is invalid. Examples of such cases are the structures made up of materials with different damping characteristics in different parts, structures equipped with passive (such as concentrated dampers) and active control systems, structures with layers of damping materials (such as smart structures), and structures with rotating parts (such as a rotor). For these structural systems, the normal modes with real values resulting from the corresponding undamped models cannot be used to uncouple the dynamic equations of the nonclassically damped model, the state vectors defined in state space are, hence, commonly used. The size of the system matrices in the state space will be doubled automatically compared to those defined in the displacement space. Therefore, the dynamic condensation technique becomes very important.
BEAM conditioning is well-tolerated and yields similar survival in obese and non-obese patients with lymphoma: no requirement for weight-based dose modifications.

BEAM conditioning is well-tolerated and yields similar survival in obese and non-obese patients with lymphoma: no requirement for weight-based dose modifications
Functional Proteomics of Regulatory and Epigenetic Signaling in Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis

Post-translational modifications of proteins are increasingly recognized as key regulators of functional complexes assembly and cellular enzymes activity, processes that control both normal and aberrant cell growth and development. To enable comprehensive, sensitive and quantitative analysis of these processes, we adapted recently developed high-efficiency nanoscale multidimensional liquid chromatography with high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Termed accumulated ion monitoring (AIM), this mass spectrometry method achieved nearly 7 orders of magnitude of quantitative accuracy and absolute limit of detection of 600 molecules per scan, enabling the study of rare cell populations (Fig. 1). We leveraged AIM mass spectrometry to develop a panel of 1583 synthetic reference peptides, based on global and published proteomics maps of normal human and leukemia cells. This Quantitative Cell Proteomics Atlas (QCPA) profiles 384 key effectors of cell surface signaling, proliferation, quiescence, stress response, and epigenetic control of gene expression (Fig. 2). QCPA enables unprecedented accuracy and sensitivity for the functional analysis of rare cells, with focus on protein regulation via phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation, as well as on concentration (http://alexkentsis.net/qcpa). By using functional proteomics profiling of primary human CD34+ and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, we identify new pathways controlling erythrocyte differentiation and AML therapy resistance, as facilitated by a newly developed program ProteoModlR (http://github.com/kentsisresearchgroup/ProteoModlR). AIM mass spectrometry and QCPA functional proteomics are rapidly adaptable and generalizable tools for the investigation of regulatory and epigenetic signaling in normal and diseased cells. Disclosures Bauer:Editas Medicine: Consultancy; Biogen: Research Funding.
The sulfilimine cross-link of collagen IV contributes to kidney tubular basement membrane stiffness

Basement membranes (BMs), a specialized form of extracellular matrix, underlie nearly all cell layers and provide structural support for tissues and interact with cell surface receptors to determine cell behavior. Both macromolecular composition and stiffness of the BM influence cell-BM interactions. Collagen IV is a major constituent of the BM that forms an extensively cross-linked oligomeric network. Its deficiency leads to BM mechanical instability, as observed with glomerular BM in Alport syndrome. These findings have led to the hypothesis that collagen IV and its cross-links determine BM stiffness. A sulfilimine bond (S = N) between a methionine sulfur and a lysine nitrogen cross-links collagen IV and is formed by the matrix enzyme peroxidasin. In peroxidasin knockout mice with reduced collagen IV sulfilimine cross-links, we find a reduction in renal tubular BM stiffness. Thus this work provides the first direct experimental evidence that collagen IV sulfilimine cross-links contribute to BM mechanical properties and provides a foundation for future work on the relationship of BM mechanics to cell function in renal disease.
A metabolite-GWAS (mGWAS) approach to unveil chronic kidney disease progression

In this issue, McMahon et al. report that, by combining phenotypic, metabolomic, and genetic data, they could better detect chronic kidney disease at the early stages and provide insight into its pathobiology. The most significant findings of the study are that several urinary metabolites (e.g., glycine and histidine) were identified as early risk factors for chronic kidney disease, and metabolites with genomewide association study analysis identified associations of urinary metabolites (i.e., lysine and NG-monomethyl-l-arginine) with single-nucleotide polymorphisms of SLC7A9.
Assessing network vulnerability of heavy rail systems with the impact of partial node failures

Much of the literature in recent years has examined the vulnerability of transportation networks. To identify appropriate and operational measures of nodal centrality using connectivity in the case of heavy rail systems, this paper presents a set of comprehensive measures in the form of a Degree of Nodal Connection (DNC) index. The DNC index facilitates a reevaluation of nodal criticality among distinct types of transfer stations in heavy rail networks that present a number of multiple lines between stations. Specifically, a new classification of transfer stations—mandatory transfer, non-mandatory transfer, and end transfer—and a new measure for linkages—link degree and total link degree—introduces the characteristics of heavy rail networks when we accurately expose the vulnerability of a node. The concept of partial node failure is also introduced and compare the results of complete node failure scenarios. Four local and global indicators of network vulnerability are derived from the DNC index to assess the vulnerability of major heavy rail networks in the United States. Results indicate that the proposed DNC indexes can inform decision makers or network planners as they explore and compare the resilience of multi-hubs and multi-line networks in a comprehensive but accurate manner regardless of their network sizes.