cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subtractive cDNA cloning of a novel member of the Ig gene superfamily expressed at high levels in activated B lymphocytes

Using subtractive cDNA cloning we have isolated a series of cDNA clones that are exclusively or selectively expressed in B lymphocytes. mRNA transcripts from one such cDNA clone, referred to as BL11, were found to be expressed at low levels in RNA from normal B lymphocytes, but at very high levels in RNA from in vitro activated B lymphocytes. One major 2.5-kb BL11 mRNA transcript was detected, while low levels of 4.8- , 1.8-, and 1.6-kb transcripts were also found. BL11 mRNA transcripts were absent or present at low levels in RNA prepared from resting or mitogen activated T cells, a variety of lymphoid cell lines including several B-cell lines, and several different tissues. Low levels of BL11 transcripts were found in poly(A) RNA purified from brain and lung. A study of the kinetics of BL11 mRNA accumulation in B lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I showed a rapid induction of BL11 mRNA within 2 hours of stimulation with peak expression by 16 hours and a mild decrease with time following the peak levels. Consistent with the in vitro data, in situ hybridization using antisense BL11 RNA probes and human tonsillar tissue localized BL11 transcripts in B-cell-enriched areas. Multiple BL11 cDNA and genomic clones were isolated and sequenced to complete and verify the BL11 cDNA sequence (2,404 bp). A 615-nucleotide open reading frame predicted to encode for a 205-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of 23 Kd was identified. Search of protein data bases with the predicted BL11 protein showed homologies to several members of the Ig superfamily. Analysis of the predicted protein showed a likely signal peptide, a single membrane spanning region, and one V-like Ig domain with three predicted n-glycosylation sites. Southern blot analysis of human genomic DNA suggested that BL11 is a single copy gene without evidence of rearrangement. Primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping identified four tightly clustered transcriptional start sites approximately 40 bp upstream of the predicted translation start site. The first 270 bp of the promoter region were sequenced and found to contain a CATAA box rather than a TATAA box and several DNA motifs found in activation genes. BL11 should prove to be an interesting gene that likely encodes for a protein involved in B-cell activation.
Polyaperturate pollen types and ratios of heteromorphism in the monocot genus Conostylis (Haemodoraceae)

Pollen aperture heteromorphism (variation of aperture number in pollen grains within each flower and in all plantsofataxon)isdescribedinthediversemonocotgenusConostylisR.Br.(Haemodoraceae)andthatofrelatedgenera,all endemictoWesternAustralia.Wereportresultsofpollenobservationsfrom153specimens.InConostylis,aperturenumber varies greatly, with biporate, triporate, tetraporate and polyporate pollen present, features considered rare and possibly developmentallysignificantformonocots.Pollenaperturetypesandtheirratiosinthisgenusarestableandconsistentwithin species and subspecies groupings and phylogenetically informative.
Measurement of intracellular free zinc in living cortical neurons: routes of entry.

We used the ratioable fluorescent dye mag-fura-5 to measure intracellular free Zn 2+ ([Zn 2+ ] i ) in cultured neocortical neurons exposed to neurotoxic concentrations of Zn 2+ in concert with depolarization or glutamate receptor activation and identified four routes of Zn 2+ entry. Neurons exposed to extracellular Zn 2+ plus high K + responded with a peak cell body signal corresponding to a [Zn 2+ ] i of 35–45 nm. This increase in [Zn 2+ ] i was attenuated by concurrent addition of Gd 3+ , verapamil, ω-conotoxin GVIA, or nimodipine, consistent with Zn 2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels. Furthermore, under conditions favoring reverse operation of the Na + –Ca 2+ exchanger, Zn 2+ application induced a slow increase in [Zn 2+ ] i and outward whole-cell current sensitive to benzamil–amiloride. Thus, a second route of Zn 2+ entry into neurons may be via transporter-mediated exchange with intracellular Na + . Both NMDA and kainate also induced rapid increases in neuronal [Zn 2+ ] i . The NMDA-induced increase was only partly sensitive to Gd 3+ or to removal of extracellular Na + , consistent with a third route of entry directly through NMDA receptor-gated channels. The kainate-induced increase was highly sensitive to Gd 3+ or Na + removal in most neurons but insensitive in a minority subpopulation (“cobalt-positive cells”), suggesting that a fourth route of neuronal Zn 2+ entry is through the Ca 2+ -permeable channels gated by certain subtypes of AMPA or kainate receptors.
Facilitated Communication as an Ideomotor Response

Forty college students were taught facilitated communication via a commercially available training videotape. They were then asked to facilitate the communication of a confederate, who was described as developmentally disabled and unable to speak. All 40 participants produced responses that they attributed at least partially to the confederate, and most attributed all of the communication entirely to her. Eighty-nine percent produced responses corresponding to information they had received, most of which was unknown to the confederate. Responding was significantly correlated with simple ideomotor responses with a pendulum and was not affected by information about the controversy surrounding facilitated communication. These data support the hypothesis that facilitated communication is an instance of automatic writing, akin to that observed in hypnosis and with Ouija boards, and that the ability to produce automatic writing is more common than previously thought.
Correlation Between Integrated LH and FSH Levels and the Response to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor (LRF)

Integrated blood plasma levels of LH and FSH and their response to the iv administration of 100 μg synthetic LRF were studied in 29 normal subjects, 12 women with Stein-Leventhal syndrome, 8 subjects with primary gonadal failure, 7 women with Sheehan's syndrome, 20 subjects with pituitary tumors, 10 subjects with idiopathic gonadotropin deficiency and 5 subjects with hypothalamic tumors. Within each group there was considerable variation in the response of LH and FSH levels to LRF. In each group there was a statistically significant positive correlation between basal integrated gonadotropin levels and the response of the levels to LRF. Both within groups and between groups, the best indicator of the response to LRF was the basal levels of FSH and LH. In subjects with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism there was no significant difference in mean basal LH levels and mean response to LRF between patients with primarily pituitary disease (pituitary tumors or Sheehan's syndrome) and conditions which might represent...
Mitochondrial DNA in the bark weevils: size, structure and heteroplasmy.

Mitochondrial DNA of higher animals has been described as an example of extreme efficiency in genome structure and function. Where exceptionally large size molecules have been found (>20 kb), most have occurred as rare variants within a species, suggesting that these variants arise infrequently and do not persist for long periods in evolutionary time. In contrast, all individuals of at least three species of bark weevil (Curculionidae: Pissodes) possess a mitochondrial genome of unusually large size (30-36 kb). The molecule owes its large size to a dramatically enlarged A+T-rich region (9-13 kb). Gene content and order outside of this region appear to be identical to that found in Drosophila. A series of 0.8-2.0-kb repeated sequences occur adjacent to the large A+T rich region and have perhaps played a role in the generation of the large size as well as an unprecedented frequency of size variant heteroplasmy. Every weevil sampled in all three species (n = 219) exhibits anywhere from two to five distinct size classes of mtDNA. The persistence of this large amount of size polymorphism through two speciation events combined with the abundant size variation within individuals suggests that these molecules may not be subject to strong selection for small overall size and efficiency of replication. This pattern of variation contrasts strongly with the conservation of gene content and arrangement in the coding region of the molecule.
On identification of the controlled plants described by the Hammerstein system

A new polynomial identification method for the Hammerstein system is proposed. The method employs the results of nonparametric statistics and best approximation theory, obtaining a polynomial form estimate of the nonlinearity in the system. Except continuity, no conditions are imposed on the nonlinearity. The uniform as well as global convergence of the method is established. The rates of convergence in both cases are derived under mild conditions on the smoothness of the nonlinearity. The method is especially suitable for identifying the controlled plants with the description of Hammerstein systems. >
A survey of motif finding Web tools for detecting binding site motifs in ChIP-Seq data

ChIP-Seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) has provided the advantage for finding motifs as ChIP-Seq experiments narrow down the motif finding to binding site locations. Recent motif finding tools facilitate the motif detection by providing user-friendly Web interface. In this work, we reviewed nine motif finding Web tools that are capable for detecting binding site motifs in ChIP-Seq data. We showed each motif finding Web tool has its own advantages for detecting motifs that other tools may not discover. We recommended the users to use multiple motif finding Web tools that implement different algorithms for obtaining significant motifs, overlapping resemble motifs, and non-overlapping motifs. Finally, we provided our suggestions for future development of motif finding Web tool that better assists researchers for finding motifs in ChIP-Seq data.
Interaction of man and microbe: Implications of the AIDS epidemic for hospital epidemiology

Today, we in infection control are a part of history, members of a new discipline in a young science faced with the most important epidemic of our century. From a biologic viewpoint I would emphasize that the so-called epidemics-in reality large-scale conflicts between species-are natural and continual. Unfortunately, they are not historical vestiges of past moments in evolution; epidemics will always be with us-perhaps like wars-skipping a few generations and giving the next one the false impression of their extinction. The insight-
Social learning enhances search image acquisition in foraging brook trout

Brook trout feed primarily on prey items for which they have developed a search image. Periodically, fish are required to update their search images to match temporal variability in prey abundance. It is currently unknown how brook trout develop search images, but there is evidence to suggest that it could be influenced by social learning, wherein a fish learns a novel behavior through observation alone. Here we demonstrate that adult brook trout use social learning to quickly develop search images for novel prey. We trained a set of demonstrators to develop a search image for canned mealworms and subsequently moved demonstrators to treatment pools that contained naive bystanders. We also had control pools that contained naive bystanders and sham demonstrators that had not been trained on mealworms. Over an 8-day period, bystanders in treatment pools consumed 68 % of mealworms, compared to only 36 % in control pools. Moreover, social learning of search images was rapid as bystanders in treatment pools began feeding on mealworms in less than 1 day, whereas it took 7 days for bystanders in control pools to feed heavily on mealworms. Social learning of search images confers an adaptive advantage by reducing energetic costs of foraging.
State-Dependent Utility and Risk Aversion

We consider here the problem of how to measure risk aversion in the case of state-dependent utility. As is now well recognized, to assume that an individual’s utility function is state-dependent is warranted if not required in situations where decisions have uncertain consequences not only for income or wealth but for such things as life and health. Several studies have appeared in the past twenty years which have addressed the reasonableness of this assumption, probed its behavioral implications, and searched for a satisfactory axiomatization. 1 But there has been a noticeable gap in the literature dealing with risk aversion measures for state- dependent utility, analogous to those suggested by Arrow (1971) and Pratt (1964) for the case of state-independent preferences.
Kinetics of Devolatilization

Quantitative description of coal devolatilization is desired as input for overall descriptions of coal combustion mechanisms. Devolatilization is very complex, involving multiple chemical reactions coupled with transport processes, and a purely fundamental description is not yet feasible. In practice we resort to the use of simplified global devolatilization models, which can be an effective approach if properly used. However, failure to observe the inherent constraints of simplified models can lead to inaccurate conclusions. These topics are addressed in the next section.
Increased Excitability of Both Principal Neurons and Interneurons during Associative Learning

In this review, we highlight several studies indicating that the modulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability is key for successful memory formation. Specifically, we will focus our discussion on our hypothesis that the postburst afterhyperpolarization (a key regulator of intrinsic excitability) is an essential cellular mechanism used by both principal and inhibitory neurons to change their neuronal activity as memory is formed. In addition, we propose that these intrinsic excitability changes occur first in principal neurons, followed by changes in inhibitory neurons, thus maintaining the balance of network activity among neurons for successful encoding and readout of memory.
Low Heating Value Fuel Burning Capabilities of General Electric Industrial Gas Turbines

The advent of higher fuel prices and operational costs associated with energy production have had a profound impact on the application of the gas turbine as a prime mover. This paper describes an extensive program carried out by the General Electric Company to demonstrate the ability of both the heavy-duty and aircraft-derivative gas turbines to operate satisfactorily while burning a wide range of lower heating value fuels, typical of industrial process or gas conditioning plants. Analytical predictions of flammability limit changes due to fuel composition variations, and combustion inlet air temperature effects are compared with small scale atmospheric burner tests. Finally, full scale single burner and sector test results are presented which demonstrate the capability of present generation combustion systems to operate on lower heating value fuels.© 1982 ASME
The effects of cinnamon extract on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte differentiation and cell size.

Cinnamon has long been used as a supplement for decreasing blood glucose and lipid values. Type 2 diabetes and obesity are growing concerns of public health and a better understanding of anomalies within these metabolic conditions are essential. Literature largely supports correlations between glucose and lipid metabolism control but few distinct pathway mechanisms have been proven experimentally. We proses that treatment of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with cinnamon extract alters both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and that in doing so alter differentiation As well. We explored lipid droplet formation and quantitated lipid volume as a marker of adipogenesis using oil red O staining. Experiments were completed in both monolayer and three-dimensional agarose cell culture. Cultures were treated with a variety of concentrations of cinnamon extract and evaluated at various time points for growth, cell size, morphology and viability. Our results suggest that treatment with cinnamon extract in both monolayer and a...
Studies of Acetylcholine Receptor Protein

The transfer of excitation from nerve to muscle fibers is one of the most thoroughly studied examples of chemical transmission in the nervous system. A great deal is now known about the storage, release, and metabolism of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter involved in the transmission of impulses at the neuromuscular junction. However, there is still inadequate information about the nature of the acetylcholine binding sites of the postsynaptic membrane, how they are integrated into the cell membranes, and how the events initiated at these receptors may be coupled to ionic, electrical potential, biochemical and mechanical changes.
The Data Sets and Inquiry in Geoscience Education Project: Model Curricula for Teacher Capacity Building in Scientific Inquiry Tasks with Geospatial Data

The NSF-funded Data Sets and Inquiry in Geoscience Education project (DIGS) developed a set of curriculum modules comprising units and assessments in which students use real geospatial visualizations and data sets to conduct extended inquiry on plate tectonics and local climate change. As befits the differences in research on the two topics, the modules present data-centered inquiry tasks that vary in the amounts of structure inherent in the problems the students are asked to solve. Yet, both modules use presorted authentic data, lead students through scripted yet open-ended investigations, and provide implementation supports through scoring guides, teacher directions, and all-inclusive student and teacher Web access to the materials. This chapter describes how the modules have educative value for teachers by exemplifying contrasting curriculum models for data-based inquiry, by showing how driving purposes that stimulate student thinking and expression can be articulated, and by showing how scaffolding can be strategically employed to enable successful student inquiry.
Using Social Media to Disseminate Published Evidence to Nurses in a Health System

Hospital nurses have a wide range of informational needs from research, education, and patient care to applying for and maintaining Magnet status but have very little time to effectively search. In...
Laws of Nature

Hobbes distinguishes rational theorems from proper laws, yet both are constituted of the same precepts. The distinction cannot be merely epistemological, explaining the justification of the precepts from two standpoints. A thorough normative analysis reveals that the rational theorems have a conditional form and constitute what Hobbes calls counsel, making their normativity a kind of rational justification. The proper laws are categorical and, as law, constitute command, making their normativity obligation. The normative scope of the proper laws is generally narrower than that of the rational theorems.
Introduction: A Confluence of Texts

James Joyce’s Dubliners has eluded critical classification because it remains a “sampling” of experiences within discrete borders (fifteen separate short stories), as well as a “running text” that forms a consecutive whole (a single work of interconnected entities). When “Araby” is anthologized in a volume of works by various authors (as it often is), the assumption is that it can stand on its own as a total experience, and the final reactions of the boy narrator derive from his immediate disappointment regarding Mangan’s sister, the darkened bazaar, and his insufficient funds (although it may then take on the contextual possibilities of the anthology — one of Irish stories, for example). When read inside Dubliners as the third story of childhood experiences, that resolution can also be read as a cumulative reaction to the boy’s traumas that include a succession of events such as a priest’s death and a frightening encounter with a stranger. We are constantly aware that the barriers exist between each of the fifteen stories, but never sure how firm those barriers actually are, of what seeps through to create a “Dubliners” context in lieu of an individual context. James Duffy stands resolute as an individuated self, attempting to divorce himself from Dublin and from almost all other Dubliners, yet his very isolation dooms him to identifying with others around him, the fornicators in the park — hardly his normal context.
Does the built environment moderate the relationship between having a disability and lower levels of physical activity? A systematic review

The relationship between the built environment and physical activity has been well documented. However, little is known about how the built environment affects physical activity among people with disabilities, who have disproportionately higher rates of physical inactivity and obesity. This study is the first systematic review to examine the role of the built environment as a moderator of the relationship between having a disability (physical, sensory or cognitive) and lower levels of physical activity. After conducting an extensive search of the literature published between 1990 and 2015, 2039 articles were screened, 126 were evaluated by abstract and 66 by full text for eligibility in the review. Data were abstracted using a predefined coding guide and synthesized from both qualitative and quantitative studies to examine evidence of moderation. Nine quantitative and six qualitative articles met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that most research to date has been on older adults with physical disabilities. People with disabilities described how aspects of the built environment affect neighborhood walking, suggesting a positive moderating role of features related to safety and aesthetic qualities, such as benches, lighting and stop light timing. There were mixed results among studies that examined the relationship quantitatively. Most of the studies were not designed to appropriately examine moderation. Future research should utilize valid and reliable built environment measures that are more specific to disability and should include people with and without disabilities to allow for testing of moderation of the built environment.
On the Origin of the Extended Stoke's Shifts in Fluorescent Proteins

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) emitting beyond 650 nm wavelengths are valuable for in vivo deep-tissue imaging due to their lower autofluorescence background, lower light scattering, and higher transmission compared to FPs emitting shorter wavelengths. Through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of several mPlum variants, we showed that the dynamic Stoke's shift is correlated to the hydrogen bond switching around the the N-acylimine position of the extended chromophore. Specifically, the E16-I65 interaction to switch between direct and water-mediated h-bond states in mPlum was shown to be important for the large Stoke's shift. Recent QM/MM calculations have supported this observation by showing that the ground state population of the direct and water-mediated states shifts toward water-mediated state in the excited state. This occurs due to the redistribution of charges upon excitation, giving increased anionic characteristic to the acylimine oxygen which prefers the water-mediated h-bond. Classical MD show similar results of h-bond switching in TagRFP675 variants. TagRFP675 has the highest Stoke's shift of 77 nm and has hydrogen bond-network involving Q41 and S28 at the N-acylimine position. Rearrangement of the water molecule near acylimine moiety in TagRFP675 and mKate-M41Q allows extended hydrogen bond network connecting Q106-water-F65-Q41-S28. We have demonstrated this h-bond switching phenomenon in variants yet another FP family: eqFP650 and eqFP670. Compared to eqFP650, the rearrangement of the water molecule in eqFP670 gives a significantly extended h-bond network. All these examples highlight the importance of the fluidity of the water and other residues around acylimine environment for large Stokes shifts.
Capacitación Profesoral y Didáctica Universitaria

Teniendo en cuenta la reconocida necesidad de la formacion permanente de los docentes, el objetivo de este trabajo es reflexionar sobre la capacitacion en Didactica desde su aplicacion en la practica. Por ello, a partir de los fundamentos teoricos de la educabilidad y la educatividad, se puso en practica un conjunto de metodos y se concibio un programa que combinara la presencialidad con el uso de recursos virtuales. De esa manera se privilegio el intercambio profesional desde las posibilidades del Aula Virtual de Aprendizaje Cooperativo (AVAC) de la universidad a traves de un curso. Se pretendio posibilitar la socializacion y la asimilacion del contenido de forma cooperativa, prestando atencion preferente a la vinculacion teoria- practica. En el plano valorativo se reafirmo la pertenencia hacia la profesion pedagogica, con independencia de las asignaturas que se dirija en el proceso de ensenanza aprendizaje. El 94 % de los participantes manifesto la incidencia positiva del curso en la transformacion de la docencia. En ese ambito se resalto la significacion de la labor didactica para concretar los vinculos entre la ciencia y la asignatura para contribuir a la formacion integral de los estudiantes, en el marco de los procesos sustantivos de la Educacion Superior.
Dual-hormone stress reactivity predicts downstream war-zone stress-evoked PTSD.

Abstract Background The crucial role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) in stress-related homeostasis suggests dysregulated HPA involvement in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet most studies examining linkages between HPA axis measures and PTSD have yielded null findings. One untested explanation for this inconsistency is a failure to account for simultaneous adrenal and gonadal influence. Here we tested the singular and interactive effects of cortisol (C R ) and testosterone (T R ) reactivity as moderators of war-zone stress evoked PTSD emergence in the war-zone. Methods U.S. soldiers (N = 120) scheduled for deployment to Iraq completed pre-deployment measures of C R and T R stress reactivity to a CO 2 inhalation challenge. Once deployed, monthly assessments of exposure to traumatic war-zone stressors and PTSD symptoms were collected via a web-based assessment system. Results Cortisol hypo-reactivity potentiated the pathogenic impact of war-zone stressors only in soldiers for whom the CO 2 challenge did not elevate testosterone, suggesting that the dual hormone stress reactivity profile of blunted cortisol and testosterone may confer increased risk for PTSD emergence by potentiating the pathogenic effects of war-zone stressors. Conclusions Findings underscore the utility of assessing both HPA and HPG stress reactivity when assessing PTSD vulnerability and may help inform efforts for enhanced soldier screening and inoculation to war-zone stressors.
Corporate Social Responsibilities: An American View of Human Interaction

In today’s global society our world suggests that corporate organizations are encouraged to become sensitive to how the community at large relate to their ability to respond to the needs of the environment and the human beings therein. Productivity can not move forward without the thinking of how policies and ways of operating impact consumers. Being responsible is governed by the corporate organizations’ response to the need for the environment to remain healthy. This requires that their policies and operations are directed toward the thinking and doing of recipients of services and products which will create an effective quality of life for both the corporate organization and human beings within the environment.
Pancreatic Cancer: Challenge and Inspiration.

The recent enthusiasm over new discoveries in cancer immunotherapy has made it painfully evident how difficult progress in the therapy of pancreatic cancer has been and how very difficult it remains. If you are lucky (25% of those diagnosed), you are able to undergo curative resection to then
On question-begging and analytic content

Among contemporary philosophers, there is widespread (but not universal) consensus that begging the question is a grave argumentative flaw. However, there is presently no satisfactory analysis of what this flaw consists of. Here, I defend a notion of question-begging in terms of analyticity. In particular, I argue that an argument begs the question just in case its conclusion is an analytic part of the conjunction of its premises.
Direct evidence of impaired neuronal Na/K-ATPase pump function in alternating hemiplegia of childhood.

Abstract Mutations in ATP1A3 encoding the catalytic subunit of the Na/K-ATPase expressed in mammalian neurons cause alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) as well as an expanding spectrum of other neurodevelopmental syndromes and neurological phenotypes. Most AHC cases are explained by de novo heterozygous ATP1A3 mutations, but the fundamental molecular and cellular consequences of these mutations in human neurons are not known. In this study, we investigated the electrophysiological properties of neurons generated from AHC patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to ascertain functional disturbances underlying this neurological disease. Fibroblasts derived from two subjects with AHC, a male and a female, both heterozygous for the common ATP1A3 mutation G947R, were reprogrammed to iPSCs. Neuronal differentiation of iPSCs was initiated by neurogenin-2 (NGN2) induction followed by co-culture with mouse glial cells to promote maturation of cortical excitatory neurons. Whole-cell current clamp recording demonstrated that, compared with control iPSC-derived neurons, neurons differentiated from AHC iPSCs exhibited a significantly lower level of ouabain-sensitive outward current (‘pump current’). This finding correlated with significantly depolarized potassium equilibrium potential and depolarized resting membrane potential in AHC neurons compared with control neurons. In this cellular model, we also observed a lower evoked action potential firing frequency when neurons were held at their resting potential. However, evoked action potential firing frequencies were not different between AHC and control neurons when the membrane potential was clamped to −80 mV. Impaired neuronal excitability could be explained by lower voltage-gated sodium channel availability at the depolarized membrane potential observed in AHC neurons. Our findings provide direct evidence of impaired neuronal Na/K-ATPase ion transport activity in human AHC neurons and demonstrate the potential impact of this genetic defect on cellular excitability.
Hot carrier effects on the RF performance degradation of nanoscale LNA SOI nFETs

The Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) effects on the DC and small signal RF parameters of nanoscale Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) nMOSFETs developed for high performance low noise amplifier (LNA) circuits are investigated. In recent years there has been an increased interest in the RF reliability [1-2] but very few studies have focused on LNA devices [3]. This is the first study done on thin-film SOI nFETs scaled down to 35 nm where stress experiments specifically designed to address the LNA operational bias conditions and RF figures-of-merits (FoMs) are carried out. The obtained results provide a deeper understanding of the correlation of the shift in the small signal parameters to the DC parameters and thus lay the foundation for a reliability-aware RF LNA design.
MBE Growth of Metal/Semiconductor Interfaces

Metal/semiconductor structures are of interest in several fields including thin-film magnetism, electronics, and x-ray optics. Well controlled and characterized interfaces are crucial for the understanding of the properties of nanostructured materials. We describe techniques used to grow and characterize three such material systems: Co/Pd on GaAs(110) (using a bcc-Co seed layer), Co on Si(111), and Mo on Si(111).
Mushroom Intoxication in Mesoamerica

Abstract Although toxic mushrooms and other hallucinogens have been known and used in Mesoamerican religion since Paleolithic times, their presence and influence on Mesoamerican culture has been very slow in being recognized. This paper explores the various reasons for this lag in acceptance. The fact that these agents have been considered entheogenic (god generating) is perhaps the most compelling reason, but there are other reasons that are equally compelling. Also explored is the reaction of the Spanish clergy to the discovery of mushroom worship, the role of toxic mushrooms and other entheogens in the development of Mesoamerican religion, and iconography, and the role of mushroom intoxication in warfare and ritual human decapitation and sacrifice. Finally, the paper demonstrates the persistence of this ancient belief system into modern times.
Primary care collaborative practice in quality improvement: Description of an interprofessional curriculum

Purpose An innovative quality improvement (QI)–focused interprofessional training curriculum for pharmacy residents and other healthcare trainees is described. Summary Effective interprofessional collaboration and the ability to carry out QI initiatives are important skills for all healthcare trainees to develop when they are in training. To cultivate those skills, in 2011 a Veterans Affairs medical center in Idaho implemented a unique yearlong interprofessional curriculum for healthcare trainees, including postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) pharmacy residents, physician trainees in internal medicine, nurses, and psychologists. The curriculum has both didactic and experiential components. After attending a series of 1-hour workshops early in the academic year, trainees are assigned to interprofessional teams and work for the remainder of the year to complete QI projects. Over 100 trainees have participated in the interprofessional QI curriculum, with the majority of trainee projects based in the primary care setting. Pharmacy residents were involved in 62% of the projects completed in the 6 academic years ending with the 2016–17 year. Conclusion Establishing an interprofessional QI curriculum allowed pharmacy residents in PGY1 and PGY2 programs to collaborate with other members of the healthcare team. Benefits include QI skills development, a greater understanding of QI initiatives at the institution, stronger relationships with other healthcare trainees and mentors, and improvements to patient care and safety and facility performance.
Comparative Research on Detection Effect of Partial Discharge Energized Test Methods of GIS

The partial discharge detection methods for GIS equipment include ultra-high frequency method, acoustic emission method and high frequency current method. Each detection methods have different effect on different discharge defects. In this paper, internal defect models were made based on real type testing platform of 1100kV GIS. Then simulations and experimental research were carried out on defect models. According to the test results, effectiveness of partial discharge energized tests which include ultra-high frequency method, acoustic emission method and high frequency current method was studied and evaluated using radar-graph. The experimental research would accumulate experience for studying the internal defect characteristics of 1100kV GIS equipment. And also field test and combined application of partial discharge energized test on GIS equipment can benefit due to comparative analysis results.
A Qualitative Study Exploring Barriers and Facilitators of Enrolling Underrepresented Populations in Clinical Trials and Biobanking

Disparities exist in enrollment in clinical trials and biorepositories among adults with low socioeconomic status, racial and ethnic minority groups and individuals who live in rural areas. Diverse participation is necessary to identify the most effective treatments in different groups. The purpose of this study was to use qualitative methods to identify factors that may affect the likelihood that members of underrepresented groups choose to participate in clinical trials and/or biobanking. We conducted 14 focus groups and seven telephone interviews in urban and rural areas of Louisiana to: (1) identify barriers and facilitators to participation; and (2) elicit input in crafting clear, culturally appropriate language and recruitment strategies. Of 103 participants, 25 were safety-net healthcare providers, 18 were primary care or oncology clinic patients, and 60 were members of social and faith-based groups. Patients and community participants were English-speaking, 79% were African American, 81% were female and 24% lived in rural areas. Barriers to participation identified were lack of knowledge about clinical trials and biobanks; limited specific information and access to participation, trust and privacy concerns about clinical trials and biobanking Facilitators included: altruism, high interest in medical research particularly studies that might benefit them or their families; plain language, culturally appropriate information; convenient access to studies; and input of a trusted provider. In addition, all primary care providers were interested in having clinical trial options available for their patients but did not have time to search for available trials. Results of this study can inform the development of education materials and strategies to increase participation of underrepresented groups in clinical trial and biobanking.
THE APPLICATION OF THE COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING METHOD IN THE LIBYAN CLASS AT A UK UNIVERSITY: LESSON PLAN, RATIONALE AND EVALUATION

This study provides a rationale for a lesson plan about the implementation of the communicative language teaching method (CLT) in the Libyan class at a UK University. The aim of the lesson plan is to develop learner’s reading skills and to develop oral fluency. The lesson is aimed for adult learners at pre-intermediate level who are studying English for general purposes. The topic of the lesson is about the types of food that are eaten around the world and the geographical, economical, and lifestyle reasons for this. The resource is adapted from Libyan school’s curriculum course book and I have amended it slightly to that it is suitable for adult learners. The topic is likely to be appropriate as it is general topic, and this may enable students to enjoy it. This view is affirmed by Nuttall (1996), who believes that the best teaching should not ignore the interest in reading and this is the reason for choosing the subject “Food around the World”. Consequently, students have motivation to tell others about their famous dishes and this may possibly lead them to develop their speaking skills. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijtel.2019.31.245257 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.
Opportunities Revealed for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Clinical Practice with Implementation of a Rapid Respiratory Multiplex Assay

ABSTRACT Few studies assess the utility of rapid multiplex molecular respiratory panels in adult patients. Previous multiplex PCR assays took hours to days from order time to result. We analyze the clinical impact of switching to a molecular assay with a 3-h test-turnaround-time (TAT). We performed a retrospective review of adult patients who presented to our emergency departments with respiratory symptoms and had a respiratory viral panel (xTAG RVP; RVP) or respiratory pathogen panel (ePlex RP; RPP) within 48 h of presentation. The average TATs for the RVP and RPP were 27.9 and 3.0 h, respectively (P
Achilles tendon single bout and season long adaptations during early and late collegiate cross-country season.

Abstract Aims To examine single bout and season long Achilles tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) changes before and after running during the early and late cross-country season. Design: Observational repeated measures design study. Setting Controlled laboratory setting. Participants This study consisted of 35 participants. The running group included 11 males and 9 females, the control group was 8 males and 7 females. Main outcome measures Diagnostic ultrasound images were taken before and after runners completed a common recovery run during the early and late cross-country season. Ultrasound images of control participants, who did not run, were taken following an averaged time that athletes spent running. Results No significant tendon season long CSA increases occurred for runners (p = 0.453). Runners experienced significant Achilles tendon CSA decreases compared within subjects (p Conclusions No Achilles tendon CSA increases occurred over the season. Significant Achilles tendon CSA decreases occurred while running during early and late season runs, but varied with larger CSA decreases occurring during the early season.
GNSS Radio Occultation

This chapter presents the fundamental aspects of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) remote sensing that are particularly relevant to the multi‐GNSS environment. It discusses how an RO system can be designed to meet specific performance requirements for atmospheric observations. A unique aspect of GNSS RO for atmospheric remote sensing is that it uses signal timing to extract relevant scientific information. This makes the technique particularly well suited for monitoring long‐term atmospheric climate, since the measurement is very resistant to long‐term drift and direct biases, although drift and biases are possible absent sufficient care in the technique. The chapter describes the relationship between bending angle precision requirements and receiver design parameters, focusing on the case of a low‐Earth orbiter receiving signals from various GNSS constellations. It emphasizes the aspects of RO measurements that are unique compared to other methods of sounding or sensing the atmosphere and ionosphere.
The Role of Cyberinfrastructure-Enabled Collaboration Networks in Supporting Collaboration Capacity

This paper reports a study of the incremental impact of evolving cyberinfrastructure (CI) enabled collaboration networks on scientific capacity and knowledge diffusion. While ample research shows how collaboration contributes to greater productivity, higher-quality scientific outputs, and increased probability of breakthroughs, it is unclear how the early stages of collaboration on data creation supports knowledge generation and diffusion. Further, it is not known whether the ability to garner larger inputs increases collaboration capacity and subsequently accelerates the rate of knowledge diffusion. Given that the collaboration capacity of a science team is largely dependent upon the Scientific and Technical (S&T) Human Capital , the greater a researcher’s S&T human capital, the greater the opportunity to collaborate and access resources. We use “Collaboration Capacity” to refer to this measure of S&T human capital. In this study, we collected metadata for molecular sequences in GenBank from 1990-2013. The data contain details about sequences, submission date, submitter(s), and associated publications and authors. Based on the collaboration capacity framework (Figure 1), we focused on the relationship between collaboration network size and research productivity and the role of CI-enabled data repositories in accelerating collaboration capacity. Our preliminary results show that the size of CI-enabled collaboration networks at data creation stage was positively related to research productivity as measured by sequence data production, and the extent and rate of knowledge diffusion, represented by patent applications. Shrinking time gaps between data submissions and patent applications support the hypothesis that CIenabled data repositories are an accelerating factor in incremental collaboration capacity.
Code Verificaton of Magneticly Insulated Transmisson Lines (MITL) for Power Flow Applications

Time-independent solutions to electron flows in MITLs have been known for many years1. The motivation behind these calculations was to understand experiments by predicting the integrated qualities such as flow current, anode current, cathode current, and voltage. In the process of verifying Finite Element electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell codes developed at Sandia, EMPHASIS and EMPIRE, it was found that these global quantities were very close to the theoretical results for coarse meshing. This is consistent with earlier codes used for the original designs of HERMES, Saturn, and Z2. However, looking at spatial profiles (charge density, current density, velocity, electric and magnetic fields) a finer mesh was required for good comparison to theory. These details matter to the quality of the electron beam for many applications and surface plasma formation. This work focuses on showing the order of convergence for the spatial profiles for MITL flow as a function of the element count, time step, and number of macroparticles used. Most importantly, the impact of the algorithms used for the Space Charge Limited (SCL) emission boundary are examined3, The purpose of this verification is to have increased confidence in the predictive capability of these codes for improved Z power flow designs, High Power Microwave (HPM) sources, and advanced bremsstrahlung accelerators.
Patterns of Failure in Immunosuppressed Patients With Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Chronic immunosuppression is a well-known risk factor for the development of cutaneous malignancies and is also associated with a more aggressive disease phenotype. Prior retrospective studies have demonstrated that cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (cSCC-HN) which arise in immunosuppressed patients have a 3-4-fold or greater risk of locoregional disease recurrence compared with similar tumors in immunocompetent patients. In this study, we retrospectively examined a cohort of immunosuppressed patients with cSCC-HN to better understand the response to therapy and patterns of recurrence. MATERIALS/METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with cSCC-HN who had undergone either bone marrow transplant (BMT) or solid organ transplantation (SOT) at the University of Minnesota between 2011 - 2020. Patient and tumor-related variables including patient demographics, tumor grade and stage, type of immunosuppression, treatment techniques and site of first recurrence were recorded. All statistical analysis was conducted using JMP Pro 15.2. RESULTS We identified a total of 174 patients treated for cSCC-HN with a history of either BMT (n = 25) or SOT (n = 149) with a median follow-up of 53.9 months [range: 1.4-118.8 months]. Of the patients who had available documentation of clinical stage and tumor grade, the majority (89%) had well or intermediate grade tumor and clinical T1 or T2 tumors (85%). Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) was the most frequently utilized treatment modality (n = 137) followed by WLE +/- elective neck dissection. A total of 30 patients received radiotherapy with 13 patients also receiving chemotherapy. Fifty-four patients developed recurrent disease. Isolated local recurrence was the most common site of initial failure (65%) followed by regional failure (18%), distant failure (11%) and combined local and regional failure (6%). Eleven of the 30 patients receiving radiotherapy developed recurrent disease with the majority developing distant metastases (n = 6) followed by local recurrence (n = 5). No patient receiving radiotherapy developed regional nodal failure. The 12- and 24-month rates of local disease control following radiotherapy in the primary setting were 93% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSION Patients with cSCC-HN in the setting of chronic immunosuppression have significantly worse treatment outcomes compared with immunocompetent patients. Despite a preponderance of early stage and low or intermediate grade disease within our selected patients, we observed high rates of disease recurrence with local recurrence predominating as the most common site of failure. This study highlights the need for consideration of therapeutic interventions in this patient population.