cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic intrathecal morphine for intractable pain

Forty-three patients with intractable pain received intrathecal morphine delivered by implanted continuous-infusion (Infusaid) or programmable (Medtronic) devices. In 35 patients the pain was due to cancer, and eight patients had chronic nonmalignant pain. The origin of the nonmalignant pain included lumbar arachnoiditis, multiple sclerosis, severe osteoporosis resulting in a thoracic compression fracture, and intractable pain as a consequence of cancer therapy in individuals cured of their disease. Twenty-eight (80%) of the patients with cancer-related pain experienced excellent or good relief. Side effects were rare. Tolerance occurred infrequently and could be managed effectively. The results of this study support earlier studies on the application of chronic intrathecal morphine for intractable cancer pain. These findings also indicate that, in carefully selected patients, nonmalignant pain may be managed satisfactorily with this technique.
Electron temperature measurements in mid‐latitude sporadic E layers

By using rocket-borne Langmuir probes, electron temperature profiles have been obtained in five mid-latitude sporadic E layers. The data show the electron temperature within the layers to be lower than the electron temperature at the adjacent altitudes. This is consistent with the layers' being maintained by a vertical redistribution of ionization. The magnitude of the observed electron temperature variation is, however, larger than expected.
Periods of systemic partial hypoxia induces apoptosis and inflammation in rat skeletal muscle

Critical illness myopathy (CIM) causes significant morbidity. In this study, we investigated the effect of repeated mild hypoxia on the skeletal muscle inflammation. Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with 2% inhaled isoflurane were divided into two groups (n = 6 each), normoxia and hypoxia (12.5% for 12 min followed by 35% for 12 min, at which point the cycle was repeated for three times). We measured the tissue oxygen tension and perfusion (simultaneously) in hind limb skeletal muscle. Inflammation in skeletal muscle was assessed by light microcopy (Hematoxylin-Eosin staining) and apoptosis (Fluorescein-FragEL DNA fragmentation detection) and expressed as percent normoxia. Compared to the control group, hypoxia significantly (P < 0.001) altered histomorphometrics. Similarly, DNA fragmentation analysis revealed that hypoxia significantly (P < 0.001) induced apoptosis. We conclude that after a mild but repeated hypoxic insult there is marked histological alterations and induced apoptosis in skeletal muscle. We postulate that variable periods of hypoxia in the critically ill may be playing a role in the etiology of CIM.
Application of supergeneralized matched filters to target classification

The matched filter (MF) is the optimum linear operator for distinguishing between a fixed signal and noise, given the noise statistics. A generalized matched filter (GMF) is a linear filter that can handle the more difficult problem of a multiple-example signal set, and it reduces to a MF when the signal set has only one member. A supergeneralized matched filter (SGMF) is a set of GMFs and a procedure to combine their results nonlinearly to handle the multisignal problem even better. Obviously the SGMF contains the GMF as a special case. An algorithm for training SGMFs is presented, and it is shown that the algorithm performs quite well even for extremely difficult classification problems.
Coulometric studies of the reduction of nitric oxide, nitrous acid and nitrogen dioxide in acidic halide media with a platinum flow-through electrode

Abstract The apparent values of n for the reduction of NO, HNO 2 and NO 2 in acidic halide solutions of intermediate concentration have been determined coulometrically. The value of n app for HNO 2 is 1.0 in HCl solutions for intermediate flow rates at potential values in the range of the first two cathodic waves observed in voltammetric data. The value of n app exceeds 1.0 at low flow rate. The values of n app for reductions of NO in 5 M HC1 and NO 2 in 3.0 M HClO 4 containing 0.1 M bromide are 0.5. These results are explained on the basis of chemical reactions coupled to the electrode processes.
A Life History Theory of Father Absence and Menarche: A Meta-Analysis:

Is the absence of biological fathers related to their daughters' earlier age at menarche? Drawing on evolutionary psychology and life history theory, prior research has suggested such a relationship (Belsky, Steinberg, and Draper, 1991; Draper and Harpending, 1982; Ellis, 2004). Although qualitative reviews have shown narrative support for this relationship (Allison and Hyde, 2013; Ellis, 2004; Kim, Smith, and Palermiti, 1997; Susman and Dorn, 2009), no quantitative review exists to provide empirical support for this relationship or to explain mixed results. Thus, we conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of correlations (Card, 2012) on father absence and daughter menarcheal age (k = 33; N = 70,403). The weighted mean correlation was .14, 95% CI [.09, .19], suggesting that father absence was significantly related to earlier menarche; effect sizes were heterogeneous. Egger's regression (Egger, Smith, Schneider, and Minder, 1997) showed no evidence of publication bias (file-drawer effect; r = .34, p = .05...
An analysis of interaction structure in the discussion of a ranking task

(1970). An analysis of interaction structure in the discussion of a ranking task. Speech Monographs: Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 249-256.
Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy Associated With Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Case Report, Literature Review, and Proposed Treatment Algorithm

UNLABELLED We report a case of a 31-year-old man with metastatic fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) treated with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin complicated by hyperammonemic encephalopathy biochemically consistent with acquired ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Awareness of FLHCC-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy and a pathophysiology-based management approach can optimize patient outcome and prevent serious complications. A discussion of the management, literature review, and proposed treatment algorithm of this rare metabolic complication are presented. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Pathophysiology-guided management of cancer-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy can improve patient outcome and prevent life-threatening complications. Community and academic oncologists should be aware of this serious metabolic complication of cancer and be familiar with its management.
Innovation goes global.

By taking a U.S.-national approach to innovative capabilities and comparing the present with the postwar period, W. B. Bonvillian (“Advanced manufacturing policies and paradigms for innovation,” Policy Forum, 6 December 2013, p. [1173][1]) ignores the truly transformational change that has occurred over the past several decades: the growth of the global science system. The critical knowledge needed to innovate into the next generation of production is increasingly distributed across the globe, and it is just as likely to be located in India or China as in Ohio. The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development reports that the growth in the number of triadic patents demonstrates the worldwide spread of innovative activities ([ 1 ][2]). U.S. researchers are actively tapping this global resource by collaborating with researchers from many other countries. The global network of international links (drawn from coauthorships on publications) has tripled in density over the past 20 years ([ 2 ][3]), with many new members joining the global network from developing countries, particularly China. Chinese addresses now appear more frequently than any other country in publications coauthored with U.S. researchers. Scientific globalization does not threaten an end to U.S. excellence in innovation; quite the opposite. The diffusion and rooting of scientific capacity to new places provides opportunity for greater efficiency in research activities, particularly by removing redundancy. Creative problem-solving can be enhanced by having new entrants grapple with technological challenges, as many U.S. companies are finding as they invest in foreign research. Culturally tied knowledge is often important to market access in foreign countries. These goods require a deliberate policy shift on the part of U.S. agencies from pushing knowledge creation to fomenting knowledge scanning and integration. Scanning the globe for the best new knowledge and ensuring local uptake is the more promising approach to closing the gaps in U.S. know-how than building a U.S.-only R&D effort, as Bonvillian suggests. 1. [↵][4] OECD, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2013 (OECD Publishing, Paris, 2013). 2. [↵][5] 1. L. Leydesdorff, 2. C. Wagner , J. Informetrics 2, 317 (2008). [OpenUrl][6][CrossRef][7][Web of Science][8] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1242210 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #ref-2 [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text" [5]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2 in text" [6]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ.%2BInformetrics%26rft.volume%253D2%26rft.spage%253D317%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.joi.2008.07.003%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [7]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.joi.2008.07.003&link_type=DOI [8]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000260903700007&link_type=ISI
Efficacy of a tobacco quitline among adult survivors of childhood cancer.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy of two evidence-based tobacco quitlines in adult survivors of childhood cancer who regularly smoke cigarettes. METHODS A total of 519 adult survivors of childhood cancer were randomized to either Proactive + 4 weeks of medication (Counselor-initiated intervention, n = 260) or a Reactive + 2 weeks of medication (Participant-initiated intervention, n = 259) condition. Both conditions received telephone counseling to quit smoking as well as nicotine replacement therapy. The primary outcome was biochemically verified (i.e. cotinine) point prevalence smoking cessation at 12 months follow-up. RESULTS Participants randomized to the Proactive + 4 weeks of medication condition self-reported a higher rate of cessation than those survivors in the Reactive + 2 weeks of medication condition at 8 weeks (33.2% vs. 17.0%, p < .001), but cessation rates were not significantly different at 12 months (23.0% vs. 18.7%, p = .29). However, 80% of participants claiming abstinence failed biochemical verification, indicating marked falsification of self-reported smoking status. Adjusted cessation rates were less than 2% in both intervention conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that neither a Proactive + 4 weeks of medication or Reactive + 2 weeks of medication quitline significantly impacted long-term smoking cessation rates. Our results further indicate that self-reports of smoking status are unreliable in survivors of childhood cancer, a population in considerable need of tobacco abstinence. Rates of smoking cessation may be markedly overestimated in studies of childhood cancer survivors that rely on self-reports of tobacco abstinence, and future studies need to include biochemical verification of tobacco status in this population.
Self-injurious behavior in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries.

Study design: A case report of self-injurious behavior in four children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Objectives: To report a relatively unusual complication of pediatric-onset SCI, focusing on the potential role that dysesthesia may play in self-injurious behavior. Setting: A Spinal Cord Injury Program in a Children's Hospital in Chicago that serves children from midwestern and south-central United States of America. Method: Case reports and literature review. Results: Case reports are presented of four children or adolescents with SCI who exhibited self-injurious behavior. Two of the subjects had symptoms consistent with dysesthesia. The self-injurious behavior in these two subjects and a very young child responded to treatment with anticonvulsants. The self-injurious behavior in the fourth patient was probably the result of poor technique of using his mouth to move his hands, which responded to conservative management including education, occupational therapy and gloves. Conclusion: Self-injurious behavior is a relatively unusual complication of pediatric onset SCI, and may be a manifestation of dysesthesia and be responsive to treatment with anticonvulsants.
Abstract 3355: Identification of unique tumoricidal genes in rat umbilical cord matrix stem cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Umbilical cord matrix stem cells (UCMSC) represent a promising source of therapeutics for various diseases including cancer. We have shown that naive rat UCMSC significantly attenuate Fisher 344 rat-derived mammary adenocarcinoma (Mat B III) cell proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. To study the underlying mechanisms and genes involved in the Mat B III growth attenuation, we investigated gene expression profiles of naive rat UCMSC alone co-cultured with Mat BIII cells by cDNA microarray analysis. Total RNA was extracted from the naive rat UCMSC alone and those co-cultured with Mat B III in transwell culture dishes. The comparison of gene expression profiles between untreated and co-cultured rat UCMSC identified five up-regulated (Follistatin (FST), Sulfatase1 (SULF-1), Glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), HtrA serine peptidase (HTRA1), and Adipocyte differentiation-related protein (ADRP)) and two down-regulated (Transforming growth factor, beta-induced (TGFBI), Podoplanin (PDPN)) candidate genes based upon the following screening criteria: 1) candidate gene expression should show at least a 1.5 fold change in rat UCMSC co-cultured with Mat B III cells; 2) candidate genes encode secretory proteins; and 3) candidate genes encode cell growth-related proteins. Following confirmation of gene expression by real time-PCR, ADRP, SULF-1 and GPI were selected for further analysis. Addition of specific neutralizing antibodies against these three gene products individually or all together in the co-culture of Mat B III cells and 1/20 cell number of rat UCMSC significantly increased [3H] thymidine uptake in the Mat B III cells implying that these gene products are functionally produced under the co-cultured condition and attenuate cell growth. Immunoprecipitation followed by Western Blot analysis demonstrated that these proteins are indeed secreted into the culture medium. We are investigating the siRNA-dependent down regulation of these genes in rat UCMSC to confirm their tumor suppressor function. These results suggest that ADRP, SULF-1 and GPI act as tumor suppressor genes and these genes might be involved in rat UCMSC-dependent growth attenuation of rat mammary tumor. This work was supported by the Kansas State University (KSU) Terry C. Johnson Center for Basic Cancer Research, KSU College of Veterinary Medicine Dean's Fund, NIH P20 RR017686, p20RR1556, R21CA135599, Kansas Bioscience Authority research fund and by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute on Aging. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3355. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3355
Anterior ankle impingement.

Describe the clinical presentation. A patient reports anterior ankle pain that is worse with dorsifl exion. He or she points to the anterior aspect of the ankle as the location of the pain. Ascending hills are worse because they require more ankle dorsifl exion. Squats hurt for the same reason. Heel lifts feel better. Swelling in the ankle may be present. The motion of the ankle can be less in dorsifl exion than on the opposite side.
Transurethral Ultrasonography in Bladder Cancer

AbstractBladder tumors were staged preoperatively by transurethral ultrasonography in 62 patients. The technique enabled us to determine the degree of tumor invasion of the bladder wall and was useful to help select appropriate therapy. Other applications included the monitoring of transurethral resection to determine its adequacy as a treatment modality.
Bacteria in blood for transfusion. A review.

Objective: To summarize reports of bacterial contamination of blood components for transfusion during this century, considering implicated microorganisms and patient outcomes, with identification and discussion of recommended methods to reduce or eliminate this problem. Data Sources: Articles published in the English-language literature from which summary tables of all reported bacterial infections were prepared by collating published case reports, including fatalities, emphasizing recent concerns about Yersinia contamination. Study Selection: All case reports and related review articles relevant to issues about bacteria implicated in transfusion-associated sepsis were included. Data Extraction: The author personally extracted all data
The Mammalian Pineal Gland as an End Organ of the Visual System

Abstract Visible light is the major environmental factor controlling the circadian production of melatonin in the mammalian pineal gland. Regardless of the activity pattern a species displays, i.e. diurnal, nocturnal or crepuscular, high melatonin production is always associated with the dark phase of the light: dark cycle. Light has two effects on the circadian melatonin rhythm; it precisely entrains the rhythm to 24 hours and light exposure during the night rapidly depresses high nighttime melatonin levels. The intensity of light required to inhibit nocturnal melatonin production varies widely among species with melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of nocturnal animals having a much greater sensitivity (lower threshold) to light than that of diurnally active animals. While optic enucleation prevents all actions of light on the 24 hour melatonin cycle, destruction of the majority, if not all, the retinal photoreceptors does not alter the ability of light to synchronize the melatonin rhythm and only slightly increases the threshold of the pineal gland to acute light exposure. Beside luminance or intensity, the specific wavelength of light is important in determining its efficacy as an inhibitor of pineal melatonin synthesis. In general, blue-green wavelengths seem to be most inhibitory to the melatonin forming ability of the pineal. Red light (>600 nm) exposure, however, also suppresses pineal and serum melatonin levels. The ability of red light to achieve this effect is retained in rats with total or near total destruction of the retinal photoreceptors. To date there is no adequate explanation as to the retinal mechanisms involved in mediating the inhibitory effect of light on the pineal gland. It is possible, however, that the classical photoreceptors, i.e. the rods and cones, may not be involved in this process.
The Hybrid Operating Room: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach

Recent advances in catheter-based endovascular procedures have changed treatment strategies toward less invasive forms of therapy for patients with cardiovascular diseases. This has generated interest in the development of “hybrid operating rooms”. These suites combine the capability of a traditional cardiac surgery operating room with advanced endovascular facilities that previously have been available only in catheterization laboratories. This arrangement offers patients the best available therapy for any specific subset of cardiovascular disease problems. At the Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute, the hybrid operating room is used to perform coronary artery bypass grafting concurrently with percutaneous coronary interventions. Also, minimally invasive mitral valve and direct coronary artery bypass operations are combined with percutaneous coronary interventions. Our multi-disciplinary team facilitated the design and functionality plan of our hybrid operating room. To provide optimal patient care, close cooperation has been necessary between individuals from various disciplines, including interventional cardiology, cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary perfusion, cardiac anesthesiology, electrophysiology, and echocardiography, as well as specially trained nursing/support staff.
Human-robotic exploration of space and enabling technologies

Following on recent robotic exploration of Mars by twin Exploration Rovers (MER), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is now moving into a new program of human-robotic (H-R) exploration. This "National Space Vision" was introduced in January 2004 by the US White House. The range of such exploration spans the inner planets and Earth moon, to outer planets, their moons and small bodies. Applicable systems and technologies include autonomous mobile robots operating on-and-near solar system bodies, telerobotic servicers, and ultimately, H-R work crews operating at lower and higher gravitational libration points as well as sustaining outposts on lunar and planetary bodies. In this invited talk, we give a brief technical perspective on the evolution from robotic to H-R space exploration.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Law and Voluntary Association in the Early United States

This chapter explores the cultural meanings and legal consequences ascribed to the concept of individual, voluntary membership by the first generations of American citizens, between 1783 and 17840. Within their own groups, joiners and organizers of American associations emphasized law and procedural fairness as the best way to cohere. And their legalistic framing of their own efforts to act collectively meant that people came to conceive of their participation as one of well-defined rights and obligations. Thus, legal institutions (chiefly, courts of law) occupied an important position in the monitoring of those internal relationships. Together, the everyday practices of association and the judicial protections of the personal rights of members reveal a belief that effective collaboration came from law-minded and law-bound ways of joining together.
Doing and Undoing Gender in Commuter Marriages

Much recent literature has focused on how women and men “do” (and potentially “undo”) gender when juggling home and work responsibilities. Commuter marriages—in which dual-income professionals live apart due to the demands of their jobs—present a strategic context in which to investigate these gendered processes. Drawing upon theoretical work on doing and undoing gender, prior literature about gender dynamics at the nexus of home and work, and data from in-depth interviews with 97 other-sex commuter spouses, this analysis finds that in some ways these nontraditional arrangements are unique sites for undoing gender; yet, in other respects, standard gender roles are crystallized within these relationships. Specifically, for some women, these arrangements provide a respite from domestic demands, enabling them to function as hyper-productive, “masculinized” workers. However, commuter spouses also perform gender in ways that replicate the conventional gender structure. For example, living apart crystallizes many women’s roles as caregivers. These findings have implications for broader literature on gender, family, and work. They also have implications for counselors, institutional practices, and social policy; for instance, they caution against equating female autonomy with gender parity in making family policy.
A Tactile Robot for Developmental Disorder Therapy

Developmental disorders, such as Attention-Deficit-- Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), have clinical symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms are often accompanied by tactile and sensorimotor impairments. We introduce a CAretaker RoBOt (CARBO) to standardize and automate therapy for children with developmental disorders. CARBO is autonomous, mobile, self-contained, and focuses on tactile interactions with children. By providing a surface that encourages touch and a suite of interactive games, CARBO addresses impairments in tactile sensitivity and social interaction observed in children with developmental disorders. We conducted a small feasibility study with children having different development disorders. Children found the interactions with CARBO to be engaging for, and data CARBO recorded was sensitive to different impairments. The present study shows promising results for using CARBO as an automated form of Sensory Integration Therapy (SIT) in the future.
Clinical Efficacy of Short Contact Topical 5-Fluorouracil in the Treatment of Keratoacanthomas: A Retrospective Analysis

Objective: To determine the efficacy of treating patients with a recent onset, biopsy-proven keratoacanthoma with short-contact topical 5% 5-fluorouracil cream twice daily until resolution. Design: Chart review of 10 patients who applied 5% 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of biopsy-proven keratoacanthoma. Setting: Outpatient clinic of a board-certified dermatologist. Participants: The study population was 90-percent women (9/10), 10-percent men (1/10) and ranged in ages from 52 to 92 years old with a mean age of 74.4. Measurements: Patients were followed for weekly visits for the duration of their treatment and at varying, less-frequent intervals after resolution of the lesion clinically. Photographs were taken at each visit. Results: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 10 patients with biopsy-confirmed keratoacanthomas treated with topical 5-fluorouracil. One patient elected to have Mohs surgery after one week of topical 5-fluorouracil due to personal concern and cosmetic appearance and did not complain of any side effects due to the drug. Of the nine patients that remained on topical 5-fluorouracil, all patients had complete resolution of the lesion within six weeks. The range in the number of weeks to resolution was four to six weeks. Two patients required a one- to two-week drug holiday secondary to erythema, which resolved without any further complication or patient discomfort. All nine patients who continued therapy reported satisfaction with the results and showed excellent compliance with treatment. Conclusion: Short-contact topical 5% 5-fluorouracil appears to provide excellent cosmetic results and is well-tolerated by patients. This should be an initial consideration for the treatment of keratoacanthomas and does not preclude future surgical intervention if deemed necessary.
Theoretical investigation of the structure of the (√3×√3)R30°-Au/Si(111) surface

Abstract The structure of the ( 3 × 3 ) R 30°- Au/Si (111) surface is investigated using first principles total energy calculations. Most models proposed by experiments have been tested. The lowest energy model is a conjugate honeycomb-chained-trimer (CHCT-1) configuration which consists of a top layer of trimers formed by Au atoms lying above a “missing top layer” Si(111) substrate with a honeycomb-chained-trimer structure for its first layer. The electronic charge densities from bands around the Fermi level give a good description of the images observed in STM experiments.
Intelligent Grasping Classification Method for a Smart Prosthetic Hand

The main contribution of this work is the development and evaluation of the first step of a novel approach for a prosthetic hand to learn motor skills for more effective and fast object manipulation and grasping. Inspired from how initially untrained muscles acquire newly formed motor skills in neuromuscular brain development process, we try to implement an intelligent way of making a prosthetic hand be able to learn motor skills through a babbling stage. The ability of learning motor skills by the smart hand will decrease the need for amputee's attention and increase the efficiency of the manipulation and grasping of objects. In this study, object's distances and hand orientation data are used for classifications to more effective and fast object manipulation and grasping.
Deep acceptors and their diffusion in Ga2O3

β–Ga2O3 is a wide-bandgap material with promising applications in high-power electronics. While n-type doping is straightforward, p-type doping is elusive, with only deep acceptors available. We explore the properties of these acceptors, from the point of view of achieving stable semi-insulating layers, which are essential in many device structures. Using hybrid density functional theory, we obtain the comprehensive first-principles results for a variety of deep-acceptor impurities in Ga2O3. Among the impurities examined, nitrogen on an oxygen site and magnesium on a gallium site have particularly low formation energies, making them prime candidates for acceptor doping. Closer inspection of various configurations shows that Mg can incorporate not only on Ga sites (where it acts as a deep acceptor under n-type conditions) but also on O sites, where it acts as a deep donor. Mg interstitials adopt a split-interstitial configuration, sharing a site with a host Ga atom. Similarly, N substituting on an O site acts as a compensating center, but N can also incorporate on the Ga site. We evaluate the diffusivities of these species in the crystal by calculating migration barriers and considering which native defects assist in diffusion. We find that diffusion of N is dominantly assisted by O vacancies, while Mg diffusion is assisted by gallium interstitials. Diffusion of Mg proceeds with significantly lower activation energies than diffusion of N. Our results can be used to assess activation energies and diffusion mechanisms for other impurities in Ga2O3.
Dysregulation of Gap Junction Function and Cytokine Production in Response to Non-Genotoxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an In Vitro Lung Cell Model

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), prevalent contaminants in our environment, in many occupations, and in first and second-hand smoke, pose significant adverse health effects. Most research focused on the genotoxic high molecular weight PAHs (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene), however, the nongenotoxic low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs are emerging as potential co-carcinogens and tumor promoters known to dysregulate gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), activate mitogen activated protein kinase pathways, and induce the release of inflammatory mediators. We hypothesize that inflammatory mediators resulting from LMW PAH exposure in mouse lung epithelial cell lines are involved in the dysregulation of GJIC. We used mouse lung epithelial cell lines and an alveolar macrophage cell line in the presence of a binary PAH mixture (1:1 ratio of fluoranthene and 1-methylanthracene; PAH mixture). Parthenolide, a pan-inflammation inhibitor, reversed the PAH-induced inhibition of GJIC, the decreased CX43 expression, and the induction of KC and TNF. To further determine the direct role of a cytokine in regulating GJIC, recombinant TNF (rTNF) was used to inhibit GJIC and this response was further enhanced in the presence of the PAH mixture. Collectively, these findings support a role for inflammation in regulating GJIC and the potential to target these early stage cancer pathways for therapeutics.
A mass-customizable dermal patch with discrete colorimetric indicators for personalized sweat rate quantification.

In this paper, we present a disposable, colorimetric, user-friendly and mass-customizable dermal patch for chronological collection and discrete real-time in situ measurement of sweat secretion over a small area of skin. The patch consists of a laminated filter paper patterned into radially arranged channels/fingers with water-activated dyes at their tips. As channels are filled during perspiration, their tips change color once fully saturated, providing easily identifiable levels of water loss which in turn can be mapped to personal dehydration levels. The patch can be manufactured at low cost in a variety of sizes to allow hydration monitoring for individuals participating in activities under different conditions (intensity, temperature, humidity, etc.). Furthermore, we describe an analytical model that enables mass customization of such a flexible wearable system accommodating a broad range of sweat rates and volumes to generate patch designs that are personalized to an individual’s sweat rate, desired time of usage, and the temporal resolution of the required feedback. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we characterized laser-fabricated patches that cover (7 cm × 5 cm) area of skin having various wicking materials, thicknesses (180–540 µm), and pore sizes (3–11 µm). Tests were conducted at various flow rates simulating different sweating intensities in the range of 1.5–15 mg/cm2/min. Experimental results for the case of a half-marathon runner targeting 90 min of usage and sweating at a rate of 1.5 mg/cm2/min indicated measurement accuracy of 98.3% when the patch is completely filled. Scientists have developed a low-cost wearable skin patch that can monitor the level of perspiration from the human body, and could be used to track hydration levels in athletes, firefighters, and construction workers. Hydration is an important physiological marker, where even small deviations from normal levels can have negative impacts on a human’s cognitive and physical performance and can lead to serious conditions, such as heat exhaustion and stroke. Now, Babak Ziaie, Vaibhav Jain, Manuel Ochoa, and colleagues from Purdue University in the United States have developed a patch made from laminated filter paper patterned with “finger”-shaped channels that contain activated dyes which change color as perspiration increases, providing an inexpensive and adaptable way to monitor hydration levels. The patches can be mass customized into forms that are personalized to an individual.
Steps 5 and 6 of EBP: Finalizing the Treatment Plan and Practice Evaluation

Step 5 of the EBP process is to finalize the treatment plan with the client and to formally document it in the client’s record. Step 5 builds on the collaborative exploration of relevant and potentially effective treatments done in Step 4. Step 6 of the EBP process is to implement the treatment, including monitoring and evaluation of the client’s progress. This chapter explores several issues related to finalizing the treatment plan. Clinical expertise is often required to ensure the treatment plan is feasible. Further, differences between the research designs most often found in systematic reviews and prioritized in the EBM/EBP hierarchy of evidence are compared and contrasted with research designs most often used in evaluating individual client progress. Several approaches to qualitative and quantitative clinical practice evaluation are also described and critically examined.
Augmented Pulmonary Vasoconstrictor Reactivity after Chronic Hypoxia Requires Src Kinase and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling.

Chronic hypoxia augments pressure- and agonist-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction through myofilament calcium sensitization. NADPH oxidases contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension, ...
Western Pacific Tropical Cyclone Adaptive Observing of Inner Core Life-cycle Structure and Intensity Change

Abstract : Major goals for this project are three-fold: 1) provide a quality-controlled WC-130J airborne observation data set for the flights conducted during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 field program (TCS-08), 2) diagnose the interaction of mature Western Pacific (WPAC) tropical cyclones (TCs) with their underlying ocean features and provide new observations simultaneously, both within the TC itself as well as the ocean below, to the developing Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) coupled TC modeling effort (COAMPS(tm)1-TC) and 3) utilize TCS-08 field program datasets to improve understanding of TC life cycle, especially genesis stage and rapid intensification mature-stage episodes associated with oceanic and large-scale atmospheric environmental changes.
Religious Accommodation in the Age of Whole-Self Employment

For decades, litigants and legislators alike have attempted unsuccessfully to overturn Trans World Airlines v. Hardison, the 1977 Supreme Court decision holding an employer does not have to provide a religious accommodation to an employee if the accommodation would impose more than de minimis cost on the employer. This effectively gutted Title VII’s religious accommodation requirement by enabling employers to avoid accommodating employees for almost any reason at all. This Article does not advocate for a change in the law, as others have, but instead proposes a new way forward. It makes the case that employers should voluntarily provide religious accommodations beyond what the law requires. This is because we now live in the age of whole-self employment, wherein employees are no longer content to check their personal lives at the workplace door, but instead expect to be able to bring their entire selves—including their religious beliefs and practices—with them to work. Accommodation facilitates whole-self employment by allowing religious employees to express a fundamental dimension of themselves in the workplace. Empirical research overwhelmingly confirms employees who are allowed to express their authentic selves at work are happier, harder working, and more loyal to their employers. Research also shows that a content workforce is a productive workforce. Thus, employers should approach religious accommodations not as a burden but as an investment—an opportunity to allow employees to display a part of themselves that will make them better workers. While employers would incur upfront costs in voluntarily accommodating employees, the potential return on this investment justifies its expense.
Chapter 2 – Anemia During the Neonatal Period

Publisher Summary During neonatal period anemia is caused by hemorrhage, hemolysis, or failure of red blood cell production. The condition of hemorrhage arises when blood loss occurs during the prenatal, intranatal, or postnatal period. Prenatal blood loss may be transplacental, intraplacental, or retroplacental or may be due to a twin-to-twin transfusion. Hemolytic anemia in the newborn is usually associated with an abnormally low haemoglobin level, an increase in the reticulocyte count and with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The hemolytic process is often first detected as a result of investigation for jaundice during the first week of life. The causes of hemolytic anemia in the newborn are listed in this chapter. The failure of red blood cell production can be congenital or acquired. Viral interference (e.g., CMV, HIV) with fetal hematopoiesis may cause anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in the newborn. HIV disease may be associated with a number of hematologic abnormalities. Other kinds of anemia such as anemia of prematurity and physiologic anemia are also described in this chapter. Lastly, the chapter outlines the diagnostic approach to anemia in new born and also highlights the treatment procedure in respective cases.
Correction to: Measurement Strategies for Evidence-Based Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Delivery: Trends and Associations with Patient-Reported Outcomes

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The co-author name was incorrectly published with the middle initial in the author list.
The evolution of financial toxicity in patients with lung cancer.

e19406Background: Financial toxicity (FT), or the cost-related side effect of cancer therapy, has been linked to poor clinical outcomes, greater symptom burden, and worse quality of life. While the...
5-FU Cardiotoxicity: Vasospasm, Myocarditis, and Sudden Death

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most common causes of cardiotoxicity associated with chemotherapy. The manifestations of 5-FU cardiotoxicity are diverse, and there are no established clinical guidelines addressing the diagnosis and management of this condition. Here we summarize the mechanistic and clinical data available to guide clinicians in caring for patients with suspected 5-FU cardiotoxicity. The decision to resume 5-FU treatment in patients with suspected cardiovascular toxicity remains challenging. Testing for predisposing genetic variants may be helpful, particularly in patients with other signs of 5-FU toxicity. Uridine triacetate is a recently approved antidote that can improve clinical outcomes in patients with life-threatening fluoropyrimidine cardiotoxicity. 5-FU cardiotoxicity remains poorly understood, with limited mechanistic or prospective clinical trial data available to define risk factors or effective management strategies. Risk stratification and therapeutic decisions should be individualized, based on the risk-benefit ratio of continuing 5-FU therapy for each patient.
Endoscopic Robotic Retrieval of a Migrated Subclavian Vein Stent from the Right Ventricle

A 54-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis with access through a right arm arteriovenous fistula presented with right arm swelling. Venography demonstrated right subclavian ve...
Third-Party Vehicle Data Collection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Analysis:

Logs of vehicle controller area network (CAN) bus traffic supplemented by accelerometer and GPS data can provide valuable information about the use and operation of advanced driver assistance syste...
Modeling the effect of laser heating on the strength and failure of 7075-T6 aluminum

Abstract The effect of rapid laser heating on the response of 7075-T6 aluminum has been characterized using 3-D digital image correlation and a series of thermocouples. The experimental results indicate that as the samples are held under a constant load, the heating from the laser profile causes non-uniform temperature and strain fields, and the strain-rate increases dramatically as the sample nears failure. Simulations have been conducted using the LLNL multi-physics code ALE3D, and compared to the experiments. The strength and failure of the material was modeled using the Johnson–Cook strength and damage models. In order to capture the response, a dual-condition criterion was utilized which calibrated one set of parameters to low temperature quasi-static strain rate data, while the other parameter set is calibrated to high temperature high strain rate data. The thermal effects were captured using temperature dependent thermal constants and invoking thermal transport with conduction, convection, and thermal radiation.
La experiencia es una intervención bioquímica: una reconceptualización del "trastorno mental con base biológica"

La evidencia empirica pone en cuestion la validez discriminante del constructo "trastorno mental con base biologica" (TMBB). Los datos indican que intervenciones tales como la psicoterapia, el placebo o la medicacion producen, cuando resultan eficaces, cambios similares en la fisiologia cerebral. Los estudios sobre farmacos y con tecnicas de neuroimagen demuestran que los fenomenos psicologicos y bioquimicos se influyen mutuamente. Los datos sugieren que los trastornos mentales se expresan biologicamente, no que sean epifenomenos de un proceso biologico. En este trabajo se aportan sugerencias de investigacion futura y conceptualizacianes alternativas que pueden conducir a cambios en la politica sanitaria.
Panel: Power Minimization in IC Design

Mobile and portable information systems are pushing electronics and the development process. In their wake are new requirements that drive low-power design. This is however by no means the only driving force behind the need for a dramatic reduction of power dissipation in digital ICs. There also exists a strong demand on producers of high end products to reduce power consumption. Power minimization is thus vital for different reasons in different applications. Design knowledge and experience in minimizing power while optimizing performance is very limited. Low-power design is in its infancy. The same can be said for design tools. The opportunities for ultra low power tools and methodologies that achieve dramatic reduction of power and push higher up the design entry point are all around us. However, the need for tools that broaden the low-power design envelope is not being articulated by the user community very strongly. This panel seeks to expose solutions that designers and EDA vendors have, to present proper vehicles for transferring the low power design techniques and methodologies to the user community, and to provide a forum for exploring what is still needed. What design paradigms make sense, what levels of accuracy and speed are acceptable to the users and what tools have the highest payoff are part of what this panel is all about.
WD-repeat proteins: structure characteristics, biological function, and their involvement in human diseases.

Defined by the presence of four or more repeating units containing a conserved core of approximately 40 amino acids that usually ending with tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD), WD-repeat proteins belong to a large and fast-expanding conservative protein family. As demonstrated by the crystal structure of the G protein β subunit, all WD-repeat proteins are speculated to form a circularized β propeller structure. The importance of these proteins is not only demonstrated by their critical roles in many essential biological functions ranging from signal transduction, transcription regulation, to apoptosis, but is also recognized by their association with several human diseases. Defining the function of a WD-repeat protein is the current challenge. It is, however, paramount to uncover the function of individual WD-repeat proteins, explore the protein interaction mechanism through WD-repeat domains and, ultimately, understand the complex biological processes and organisms themselves.
The Spontaneous Concentration of Magnetic Field in the Photosphere of the Sun

Magnetic fields at the surface of the sun exhibit the remarkable property of fragmentation and concentration into separate tubes of 1–2 kilogauss. In newly emerging active regions the separate tubes cluster together to produce the sunspot phenomenon, with the magnetic field compressed further, to 2–4 kilogauss. Magnetic fields are concentrated by compressive forces which must equal the magnetic pressure B2/8π in the flux tubes. In the surface of the sun B2/8π exceeds the dynamical pressure of the observed fluid motions by a factor of ten or more, and exceeds any other pressure differences known to observation or theory except those produced by cooling of the gas over several vertical scale heights. There is, however, no evidence of cooling in the individual flux tubes.
An American's view of Canadian medical education

Undergraduate medical education in Canada and the United States is remarkably similar, except for the fact that Canadian medical schools are supported by their provincial governments. However, the systems diverge sharply at the postgraduate level. In Canada, the number and specialty mix of residents are negotiated by medical schools in response to educational and social needs; in the United States, these factors are largely determined by hospital service needs. The Canadian systems of accreditation, certification and payment for medical education after graduation are much simpler than those of the United States, and the accreditation and certification systems are more objective. In addition, the US system promotes subspecialization and a costly specialty imbalance, whereas Canada9s system has achieved an appropriate balance of specialists and generalists. In general, Canadian medical education appears to be simpler, more accountable and more socially responsive.