cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linking cesium and strontium uptake to kaolinite weathering in simulated tank waste leachate

Weathering behavior of kaolinite was studied in batch systems under geochemical conditions characteristic of tank waste released to the vadose zone at the Hanford Site, WA (0.05 M AlT, 2 M Na+, 1 M NO3-, pH ∼14, Cs+ and Sr2+ present as co-contaminants). Time series experiments were conducted from 0 to 369 d, with initial Cs+ and Sr2+ concentrations ranging from 10-5 to 10-3 M. Dissolution of kaolinite increased soluble Si and Al to maximum levels at 7 d (Cs and Sr concentrations of 10-5 and 10-4 M) or 33 d (Cs and Sr concentrations of 10-3 M). Subsequent precipitation of Si and Al was coupled to the formation of oxalate-extractable solids that incorporated Cs and Sr. Strontium sorption was nearly complete within 24 h for initial Sr concentrations (Sr0) ≤ 10-4 whereas Cs uptake increased over the full year of the experiment for all initial Cs concentrations. Spectroscopic analyses revealed neoformed solids including the zeolite Na−Al silicate (Al-chabazite), and feldspathoids sodium aluminum nitrate silica...
Addressing the effects of culture on the boundary-keeping practices of psychiatry residents educated outside of the United States.

Objective: The author sought to develop a curriculum for international medical graduate (IMG) psychiatry residents that addresses their culture-based deviations from normative boundary-keeping practices common to U.S.-based psychotherapy practices. Methods: A group consisting of 12 IMG psychiatry residents and one United States graduate (USG) participated in a curriculum consisting of eight monthly, 1-hour seminars. An eight-item, Likert-type 7-point scale, post-then-pre questionnaire assessed the instructional impact of the curriculum. Results: Responses indicated that participation in the curriculum significantly increased the IMG residents’ levels of confidence with respect to boundary theory and practice. Conclusion: International medical graduates confidence levels regarding psychotherapeutic boundaries can be significantly increased through participation in a curriculum that addresses cultural differences.
Double whole mount in situ hybridization of early chick embryos.

The chick embryo is a valuable tool in the study of early embryonic development. Its transparency, accessibility and ease of manipulation, make it an ideal tool for studying gene expression in brain, neural tube, somite and heart primordia formation. This video demonstrates the different steps in 2-color whole mount in situ hybridization; First, the embryo is dissected from the egg and fixed in paraformaldehyde. Second, the embryo is processed for prehybridization. The embryo is then hybridized with two different probes, one coupled to DIG, and one coupled to FITC. Following overnight hybridization, the embryo is incubated with DIG coupled antibody. Color reaction for DIG substrate is performed, and the region of interest appears blue. The embryo is then incubated with FITC coupled antibody. The embryo is processed for color reaction with FITC, and the region of interest appears red. Finally, the embryo is fixed and processed for phtograph and sectioning. A troubleshooting guide is also presented.
Cell migration: regulation of force on extracellular-matrix-integrin complexes.

Abstract Cell migration relies upon forces generated by the cell. Recent studies have provided new insights into the processes by which cells generate and regulate the forces applied to extracellular matrix (ECM)-bound integrins and have led us to the working model described here. In this model, ECM binding to integrins in the front of lamellipodia causes those integrins to attach to the rearward-moving cytoskeleton. Integrin—cytoskeleton attachments in the front are strengthened as a result of ECM rigidity, enabling the cell to pull itself forward. The reduction in contact area at the rear compared with that at the lamellipodium concentrates the traction forces in the rear on fewer integrin—ECM bonds, facilitating release. In such a model, cell pathfinding and motility can be influenced by ECM rigidity.
Enrichment and Purification of Casein Glycomacropeptide from Whey Protein Isolate Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Processing and Membrane Ultrafiltration

Whey protein concentrates (WPC) and isolates (WPI), comprised mainly of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and casein glycomacropeptide (GMP), are added to foods to boost nutritional and functional properties. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO₂) has been shown to effectively fractionate WPC and WPI to obtain enriched fractions of α-LA and β-LG, thus creating new whey ingredients that exploit the properties of the individual component proteins. In this study, we used SCO₂ to further fractionate WPI via acid precipitation of α-LA, β-LG and the minor whey proteins to obtain GMP-enriched solutions. The process was optimized and α-LA precipitation maximized at low pH and a temperature (T) ≥65 °C, where β-LG with 84% purity and GMP with 58% purity were obtained, after ultrafiltration and diafiltration to separate β-LG from the GMP solution. At 70 °C, β-LG also precipitated with α-LA, leaving a GMP-rich solution with up to 94% purity after ultrafiltration. The different protein fractions produced with the SCO₂ process will permit the design of new foods and beverages to target specific nutritional needs.
Loyalty and Liturgy: Union Occupation and Religious Liberty in Wilmington, North Carolina, 1865

Examining the controversy surrounding the Union army's 1865 seizure of St James Episcopal Church in Wilmington, North Carolina, this article explores the role of churches as symbols of loyalty during the final days of the American Civil War. The Wilmington episode shows that Union commanders who targeted southern churches exposed themselves to complaints of violating shared principles of church–state separation. Commanders saw expressions of loyalty from the pulpit as essential to establishing Union authority, but the southern clergy vehemently opposed interference in church affairs. Perceiving an opportunity to reaffirm their claims to moral leadership, southern religious leaders tacitly defended the honor of the southern cause by associating it with the cause of religious liberty. In so doing, they laid the experiential and rhetorical groundwork for the discourse of southern “redemption” that played such an important role in the defeat of Reconstruction.
Comparison of a direct-reading device to gravimetric methods for evaluating organic dust aerosols in an enclosed swine production environment.

The production of livestock in enclosed facilities has become an accepted practice, driven by the need for increased efficiency.Exposure to organic dusts, containing various bioactive components, has been identified an important risk factor for the high rate of lung disease found among workers in these environments. Assessment of organic dust exposure requires technical skills and instrumentation not readily available to most agricultural enterprises. Development of a simple, cost-effective method for measuring organic dust levels would be useful in evaluating and controlling exposures in these environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the direct reading MIE PDM-3 Miniram for estimating organic dust concentrations in enclosed swine production facilities. Responses from the MIE PDM-3 Miniram were compared to gravimetric methods for total and inhalable dust. Total dust determinations were conducted in accordance with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health...
RecBCD helicase/nuclease

The RecBCD enzyme of Escherichia coli participates in several aspects of DNA recombination and repair. It is essential to the main pathway of genetic homologous recombination, where it contributes to the exchange of genetic material between homologous DNA molecules (i.e. conjugal recombination), and to the recombinational repair of potentially lethal chromosomal double-stranded breaks. Keywords: RecBCD; recombination; hotspot; DNA repair; E. coli
Dynamic processor allocation in hypercube computers

Fully recognizing various subcubes in a hypercube computer efficiently is nontrivial due to the specific structure of the hypercube. We propose a method with much less complexity than the multiple-GC strategy in generating the search space, while achieving complete subcube recognition. This method is referred to as a dynamic processor allocation scheme because the search space generated is dependent upon the dimension of the requested subcube dynamically, rather than being predetermined and fixed. The basic idea of this strategy lies in collapsing the binary tree representations of a hypercube successively so that the nodes which form a subcube but are distant would be brought close to each other for recognition. The strategy can be implemented efficiently by using shuffle operations on the leaf node addresses of binary tree representations. Extensive simulation runs are carried out to collect experimental performance measures of interest of different allocation strategies. It is shown from analytic and experimental results that this strategy compares favorably in many situations to any other known allocation scheme capable of achieving complete subcube recognition.
Highly sensitive qualitative and quantitative detection of reverse transcriptase activity: optimization, validation, and comparative analysis with other detection systems

An ultra-sensitive assay for reverse transcriptase (RT) activity called Amp-RT has been developed. An in vitro transcribed heteropolymeric RNA sequence was used as a template, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with Southern-blot hybridization served as a detection system for the cDNA product of the reaction. Titration of Mg2+ and Mn2+ concentrations using the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-I), respectively, showed optimal assay reactivity for both viruses at 2-20 mM of Mg2+. Analysis of density banded HIV-1 showed that the peak RT activity of the assay was associated with the fractions consistent with retrovirus particles. The sensitivity of Amp-RT was also compared with that of three conventional RT assays by using seven different retroviruses including HIV-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV), HTLV-I and HTLV-II, simian retrovirus type 2 (SRV-2), and gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV). HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and GALV could not be detected by the three conventional RT assays. Amp-RT was able to detect all these viruses in 10(1)-10(3)-fold dilutions. Similarly, Amp-RT was found to be 10(3)-10(6)-fold more sensitive than the other RT assays in detecting HIV-1, SIV< or CAEV. Culture supernatants from uninfected cell lines were all Amp-RT negative. A quantitative Amp-RT assay was also developed by using recombinant HIV-1 RT and signal quantitation. The assay was found to have a 5 log linear range, and therefore, provides a useful tool for quantitating RT and retroviruses. Amp-RT offers a sensitive generic tool for the qualitative and quantitative detection of known and unknown retroviruses.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma of the Thoracic Aorta Resulting in Aortic Obstruction and Congestive Heart Failure

A54-year-old white woman was referred for cardiac consultation because of increased dyspnea with exertion and leg pain. The patient’s past medical history was significant for smoking and recent onset of hypertension. On physical examination, she was found to have a blood pressure of 180/90 mm Hg and a heart rate of 110 bpm. The lungs were clear to auscultation. The carotid upstrokes were bounding, and there were bilateral carotid bruits. The central venous pressure was not elevated. The cardiac examination was significant for a loud, harsh systolic murmur (II to III/VI) across the precordium with radiation to the back. There was a left ventricular lift and a third heart sound. The abdominal examination was normal, and stool guaiac was negative. There was no peripheral …
Partial Nephrectomy Safely Preserves Renal Function In Patients With A Solitary Kidney

Purpose: We examined the success of partial nephrectomy in a group of patients in whom its role is paramount, namely those with a solitary kidney requiring surgery.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 84 consecutive patients who underwent partial nephrectomy from January 1995 to August 2000. Of these 84 patients 30 (36%) met our study criteria for an absolute indication for partial nephrectomy, which included namely a solitary kidney or bilateral renal masses for which radical nephrectomy was indicated for at least 1 renal unit. The variables examined included preoperative and postoperative renal function, pathological evaluation, surgical margins, major and minor complication rates, and the need for dialysis.Results: At a median followup of 24 months (range 1 to 74) median creatinine had increased from 1.5 mg./dl. preoperatively to 1.8 postoperatively. None of the 30 patients required dialysis in the perioperative period. Of the tumors 22 (73%) were renal cell carcinoma and 4 (13%) were onco...
I Cor. 15. 24–28 and The Future of Jesus Christ

‘Then comes the end, when he delivers the kingdom to God the Father, after destroying every rule and every authority and power. For he must reign until he has put all his enemies under his feet. The last enemy to be destroyed is death. “For God has put all things in subjection under his feet.” But when it says, “All things are put in subjection under him”, it is plain that he is excepted who put all things under him. When all things are subjected to him, then the Son himself will also be subjected to him who put all things under him, that God may be all in all.”
Behavioral Couple Therapy: Building a Secure Base for Therapeutic Integration

Behavioral couple therapy (BCT), one of the two most empirically supported approaches to the treatment of couple discord, has undergone enormous changes in its four decadeslong clinical and conceptual history. The evolution of thought about what maintains couple disaffection and distress and what can be done about it from a behavioral perspective is reviewed. These changes are considered in the larger context of the field of behavior therapy, noting shifts within BCT that parallel the three “waves” of development within that field. Integrative behavioral couple therapy (IBCT), the most visible and influential of the several BCT approaches, is examined, with particular attention to its functional–contextual base and the nature and role of functional analysis in clinical case conceptualization. It is argued that continuing enhancement and refinement of IBCT as an integrative therapeutic method will require greater flexibility in the techniques that are used and increased attention to the self of the IBCT therapist.
Friendship Patterns among African American, Asian American, and Latino Adolescents from Low-Income Families

Using quantitative and qualitative methods, the present study sought to explore: the patterns or types of closest, same-sex friendships among ethnic minority, low-income adolescents; the psychological and familial correlates of these patterns; and the adolescents' subjective experiences of each type of closest, same-sex friendships. Two hundred and thirteen African American, Latino, and Asian American high school students participated in the study. Results of cluster analyses suggested four types of closest, same-sex friendships: (i) `ideal'; (ii) `engaged'; (iii) `average'; and (iv) `disengaged.' Girls and Latinos were most likely to have `ideal' friendships, while boys and Asian Americans were most likely to have `disengaged' friendships. In addition, the `disengaged' adolescents reported significantly lower self-esteem, higher levels of depressive symptoms, and lower levels of family support than the adolescents in the other cluster groups. The qualitative data suggested across and within group variabi...
A concatenated space-time transmit diversity system with a class of high-rate low complexity channel codes

The concatenation of a multidimensional parity check code (MDPC) with space time block codes (STBC) is considered. An approximate expression for the bit error rate of the concatenated system is derived. Effects of imperfect channel estimation on the performance of the system is considered. A comparison with turbo convolutional code (TCC)-STBC system is presented. The error performance of MDPC-STBC system is found to be close to TCC-STBC system but with significantly low complexity.
Reperfusion induces myocardial apoptotic cell death

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether apoptosis is triggered during ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R) and whether I/R-induced apoptosis is correlated with changes in expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Methods: Anesthetized open-chest dogs were divided into two groups. Group I: 7 h of permanent I without R (PI, n =7); Group II: 60 min I followed by 6 h R (I/R, n =8). Apoptosis was identified as “DNA ladder” by agarose gel electrophoresis or confirmed histologically using the terminal transferase UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results: Collateral myocardial coronary blood flow during I, confirmed by colored microspheres was comparable in both groups. Although PI caused 72±5% infarct size, very few TUNEL-positive cells were detected in the necrotic area (0.2±0.1% of total normal nuclei), consistent with an absence of DNA laddering. In contrast, the appearance of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly displayed after 6 h R in the necrotic area in I/R group (26±4%, P <0.001 vs. PI group), and DNA ladder occurred in all experimental animals, suggesting that myocardial apoptosis is primarily elicited by R. Densitometrically, Western blot analysis showed significant reduction in expression of Bcl-2 (16±1%) and increase in Bax (29±8%) after 6 h R in the necrotic area compared with normal tissue while expression of these two proteins was not changed in the PI group. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) accumulation in the necrotic area determined either by immunohistochemistry with anti-CD18 antibody or by myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in the I/R group compared to the PI group (358±24 vs. 24±2, mm2 myocardium, P <0.01) and (2.9±0.3 vs. 0.4±0.1, U/100 mg tissue, P <0.01). There was a significant linear relationship between CD18-positive PMNs and TUNEL-positive cells ( P <0.05) in the I/R group. Conclusions: These results indicate that (1) PI without R did not induce apoptotic cell death, while two types of cell death, necrosis and apoptosis were found after I/R, (2) the Bcl-2 family may participate in early R-induced myocardial apoptosis, (3) PMN accumulation may play a role in the development of apoptosis.
The influence of mosquito resting behaviour and associated microclimate for malaria risk

The majority of the mosquito and parasite life-history traits that combine to determine malaria transmission intensity are temperature sensitive. In most cases, the process-based models used to estimate malaria risk and inform control and prevention strategies utilize measures of mean outdoor temperature. Evidence suggests, however, that certain malaria vectors can spend large parts of their adult life resting indoors. If significant proportions of mosquitoes are resting indoors and indoor conditions differ markedly from ambient conditions, simple use of outdoor temperatures will not provide reliable estimates of malaria transmission intensity. To date, few studies have quantified the differential effects of indoor vs outdoor temperatures explicitly, reflecting a lack of proper understanding of mosquito resting behaviour and associated microclimate. Published records from 8 village sites in East Africa revealed temperatures to be warmer indoors than outdoors and to generally show less daily variation. Exploring the effects of these temperatures on malaria parasite development rate suggested indoor-resting mosquitoes could transmit malaria between 0.3 and 22.5 days earlier than outdoor-resting mosquitoes. These differences translate to increases in transmission risk ranging from 5 to approaching 3,000%, relative to predictions based on outdoor temperatures. The pattern appears robust for low- and highland areas, with differences increasing with altitude. Differences in indoor vs outdoor environments lead to large differences in the limits and the intensity of malaria transmission. This finding highlights a need to better understand mosquito resting behaviour and the associated microclimate, and to broaden assessments of transmission ecology and risk to consider the potentially important role of endophily.
Translating tDCS into the field of obesity: mechanism-driven approaches

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is emerging as a promising technique for neuromodulation in a variety of clinical conditions. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that modifying the activity of brain circuits involved in eating behavior could provide therapeutic benefits in obesity. One session of tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can induce an acute decrease in food craving, according to three small clinical trials, but the extension of these findings into the field of obesity remains unexplored. Importantly, there has been little/no interaction of our current understanding of tDCS and its mechanisms with obesity-related research. How can we start closing this gap and rationally guide the translation of tDCS into the field of obesity? In this mini-review I summarize some of the challenges and questions ahead, related to basic science and technical aspects, and suggest future directions.
Treatment of osteoid osteoma of the proximal phalanx by use of cryosurgery

A case report of an osteoid osteoma of the proximal phalanx is presented in which radioisotope counting was employed as an intraoperative diagnostic aid and cryosurgery was combined with resection for tumor control.
Induced Operator Norms

State-space characterizations of the H∞ norm for linear time-invariant systems have been obtained for both continuous-time [16] and discretetime systems [52], by considering the connection between the norm bound ‖G‖∞ < γ and the existence of spectral factors of the Hermitian function I−γ−2G~G. In this chapter we provide the analogous characterization for the induced norm of both discrete-time and hybrid linear time-varying systems in terms of operator algebraic Riccati equations.
Impact of School Voucher Research

In an article otherwise lamenting political scientists' inability to influence public policy (“Politics, Political Science, and Specialization,” June 2002, pp. 187–190), Robert Jervis takes issue with recent research on school vouchers, to which we have contributed (2002). Jervis argues that voucher experiments “are largely irrelevant, or at best a first step.” Comparisons of students in private and public schools are of little value as long as most students remain in public school. Jervis therefore directs analysts to look for “large-scale improvements [that] can only come through the impact of the possibilities of choice on the bulk of the public school system.”
Genome-Wide Analysis of Natural Selection on Human Cis-Elements

Background It has been speculated that the polymorphisms in the non-coding portion of the human genome underlie much of the phenotypic variability among humans and between humans and other primates. If so, these genomic regions may be undergoing rapid evolutionary change, due in part to natural selection. However, the non-coding region is a heterogeneous mix of functional and non-functional regions. Furthermore, the functional regions are comprised of a variety of different types of elements, each under potentially different selection regimes. Findings and Conclusions Using the HapMap and Perlegen polymorphism data that map to a stringent set of putative binding sites in human proximal promoters, we apply the Derived Allele Frequency distribution test of neutrality to provide evidence that many human-specific and primate-specific binding sites are likely evolving under positive selection. We also discuss inherent limitations of publicly available human SNP datasets that complicate the inference of selection pressures. Finally, we show that the genes whose proximal binding sites contain high frequency derived alleles are enriched for positive regulation of protein metabolism and developmental processes. Thus our genome-scale investigation provides evidence for positive selection on putative transcription factor binding sites in human proximal promoters.
Primitive types in Java considered harmful

Expression evaluation raises doubts about Java as an exemplar programming language when teaching the object-oriented paradigm.
Health Policy for Prostate Cancer: PSA Screening as Case Study

The appropriateness of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening test for early-stage detection of prostate cancer impinges on different issues around the formation of health policies in the area of prostate cancer. In recent years, policy decisions and recommendations around prostate cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment have been vociferously debated without consensus. PSA screening is often the jumping off point for such debates, simply because decisions in connection with screening for a disease often have implications on the broader issues around the disease itself. For instance, if screening is conducted to detect asymptomatic disease, what benefits may accrue from such detection in terms of treatment, in terms of disease progression, and at what cost. Policy decisions related to screening protocols also depend on the accuracy of the screening technique. Any policy recommendations must necessarily consider all these issues, preferably in an evidence-based approach, in order to arrive at sound decisions. Identifying a starting point to sift through the issues and the available data is perhaps of utmost importance, and in the case of prostate cancer, the PSA-based screening test serves as an exemplary one because any policy decisions regarding screening logically lead to generalizable conclusions regarding prostate cancer health policy.
Entropy Budget of an Atmosphere in Radiative–Convective Equilibrium. Part II: Latent Heat Transport and Moist Processes

In moist convection, atmospheric motions transport water vapor from the earth’s surface to the regions where condensation occurs. This transport is associated with three other aspects of convection: the latent heat transport, the expansion work performed by water vapor, and the irreversible entropy production due to diffusion of water vapor and phase changes. An analysis of the thermodynamic transformations of atmospheric water yields what is referred to as the entropy budget of the water substance, providing a quantitative relationship between these three aspects of moist convection. The water vapor transport can be viewed as an imperfect heat engine that produces less mechanical work than the corresponding Carnot cycle because of diffusion of water vapor and irreversible phase changes. The entropy budget of the water substance provides an alternative method of determining the irreversible entropy production due to phase changes and diffusion of water vapor. This method has the advantage that it does not require explicit knowledge of the relative humidity or of the molecular flux of water vapor for the estimation of the entropy production. Scaling arguments show that the expansion work of water vapor accounts for a small fraction of the work that would be produced in the absence of irreversible moist processes. It is also shown that diffusion of water vapor and irreversible phase changes can be interpreted as the irreversible counterpart to the continuous dehumidification resulting from condensation and precipitation. This leads to a description of moist convection where it acts more as an atmospheric dehumidifier than as a heat engine.
Biomarker Discovery for Metastatic Disease

Emerging knowledge about the many features of metastasis offers numerous possibilities for discovery and exploitation of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and targets for therapy. A systems biology approach that encompasses differential expression of mRNAs (gene expression), microRNAs (gene regulators), and proteins in primary and metastatic tumors, in proximal biofluids, and in the blood plasma generates potentially complementary molecular signatures. We illustrate the use of Oncomine and Molecular Concepts Maps and the biological amplification of tumor protein signals with immune responses that produce autoantibodies in relation to lung cancers.
Academic Advisors and Students with Disabilities: A National Survey of Advisors' Experiences and Needs

During the last 25 years, the number of students with disabilities seeking higher education has tripled. However, these students may not readily identify their disability to those responsible for c...
Intraoperative Electroencephalogram-Guided Deep Hypothermia Plus Antegrade and/or Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion During Aortic Arch Surgery.

Background A number of intraoperative tools are used for brain monitoring in aortic arch surgery. We rely on intraoperative electroencephalogram (EEG) to guide deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Methods Between July 2012 and June 2014, 157 patients underwent aortic arch surgery with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest performed by a single surgeon. Intraoperative EEG was used in 141 patients (89.8%). Our intraoperative strategy was to continue systemic cooling until no electrical waves were observed on the EEG. Once we confirmed electroencephalographic silence, we induced deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for aortic arch reconstruction. Retrograde cerebral perfusion was also used during hemiarch and distal arch replacements. Antegrade cerebral perfusion was added to total arch replacements. Results Patients’ mean age was 59.1 ± 14.6 years. Hemiarch replacement was performed in 100 (63.7%), total arch replacement in 28 (17.8%), and distal arch replacement in 29 (18.5%). There were 30 urgent or emergency cases (19.1%). Circulatory arrest time was 28.8 ± 15.3 minutes. Thirty-day mortality occurred in four patients (2.5%). Postoperative stroke was diagnosed in five patients (3.2%). Major stroke led to 30-day mortality in two patients whose intraoperative EEG had shown abnormal recovery after systemic rewarming. One hundred thirty-five patients (95.7%) had normal recovery of EEG. Of these, three (2.2%) developed minor stroke consisting of minor hemiplegia. Conclusions Intraoperative EEG is a reliable monitoring tool for safe circulatory arrest. doi: 10.1111/jocs.12723 (J Card Surg 2016;31:216–219)
Does greater labour market freedom lead to lower new home prices in the US? An exploratory inquiry

ABSTRACTIn this study for the year 2014 for the United States, we find that the median price of new single-family homes was an increasing function of the state’s median family income, the number of miles of coastline in the state and the state’s population density. In addition, the evidence suggests that the median new home price may been a decreasing function of the crime rate. Finally, of particular interest to this study, is the finding that a higher degree of labour market freedom led to lower prices on newly constructed single-family homes.
The Transformation of San Diego's Naval Training Center

The federal Base Closure and Realignment Commission (BRAC) has closed 350 military installations since 1989. Yet few scholars have addressed the fact that many military bases have a rich public his...
Women's bodies, menstruation and marketing “protection:” interpreting a paradox of gendered discourses in consumer practices and advertising campaigns

ABSTRACTThis essay explores the various associations, conflicts, and resolutions that converge in consumer research to produce an advertising campaign for a feminine hygiene product. Ethnographic research identified a correspondence in beliefs and values among women who discuss menstruation as a natural process of rhythms and flow in their changing bodies. Building off the work of gender discourses in advertising, this paper claims women's “natural” discourse located in research differs from “protection” discourse in advertising, which holds a binary view of menstruation and associates menstruation socially with shame and secrecy. The research reveals that while women adopt a “natural” discourse of menstruation, discourses of “protection” still dominate marketing. Paradoxically, women incorporate both discourses in assemblages of constructing “feminine identities.” This research proposes a correspondence model that regards the consumption of consumer personal-care products in terms of embodiment rather th...
State-space models for count time series with excess zeros

Count time series are frequently encountered in biomedical, epidemiological and public health applications. In principle, such series may exhibit three distinctive features: overdispersion, zero-in...
The Role of Vorticity Transport in the Detachment of Unsteady Leading-Edge Vortices

Multi-plane particle image velocimetry data and surface pressure measurements are used to analyze the nominally two-dimensional flow field of a high-aspect-ratio flat-plate airfoil undergoing a pure-plunge motion, as well as the three-dimensional flow field produced by a plunging flat-plate wing with aspect-ratio 2. The sources and sinks of vorticity within these flows were quantified by means of a vorticity flux analysis, the results of which verified prior conclusions that the diffusive flux of vorticity from the surface of the airfoil acts primarily as a sink of leading-edge-vortex (LEV) vorticity, with a magnitude roughly half that of the flux of vorticity introduced by the leading-edge shear layer. Inspection of the chordwise distribution of the surface diffusive flux of vorticity within the 2D case showed it to correlate very well with the evolution of the flow field. Specifically, the diffusive flux experienced a major increase during the phase interval in which the LEV was still attached to the downstream boundary layer, which ultimately triggered the roll-up of the LEV and generation of the secondary vortex. It was also noted that the accumulation of secondary vorticity near the leading edge prevented the diffusive flux from continuing to increase after the roll-up of the LEV. This result was validated through analysis of the 3D case, which demonstrated that maintaining an LEV that stays attached to the downstream boundary layer produces a larger diffusive flux of vorticity–presumably consistent with an enhancement of both lift and thrust. Despite the increased diffusive flux, this state was maintained by a strong spanwise convective flux of vorticity. This observation provides a new interpretation of the role of spanwise flow on vortex evolution, and suggests a physical mechanism that may be leveraged to control the flow.
IMMUNOLOGIC COMPETENCE AND INDUCTION OF NEOPLASMS BY POLYOMA VIRUS.

SummaryThymectomy at 3 days of age in several inbred strains of mice and in an F1 hybrid resulted in a strikingly increased frequency of neoplasms following infection with polyoma virus. Age susceptibility was extended to at least 30 days of age in highly resistant C57BL mice. The usual stigmata associated with thymectomy at birth were not found in the 3-day thymectomized mice. Nonetheless the methods used to restore immunologically deficient thymectomized neonates were also effective in restoring the capacity to resist polyoma virus tumor induction: adult syngeneic spleen cells, thymus tissue in Millipore diffusion chambers and syngeneic thymus grafts. Growth curves of polyoma virus in kidney, salivary glands and liver were quite similar in thymectomized and intact litter mates. Hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies determined periodically up to 30 days after infection were also similar in both groups. These results are discussed in terms of a concept involving virus-specific “tumor” antigens and the im...
Diet in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis : a perspective for the elderly

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of coronary heart disease among older persons. With an increasing elderly population, cardiovascular disease has become an urgent public health concern. Diet plays an important role in atherogenesis with known beneficial effects on major risk factors among the younger population-cholesterol, hypertension, and diabetes. Intervention studies are needed to establish the benefits of diet therapy in the elderly segment of the population. Efforts are also needed to educate the elderly and health professionals about the benefits of a healthy Step I diet.
Deep Brain Stimulation in Atypical Parkinsonism

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) has gained widespread acceptance for improving motor function and disability. Patients with features suggestive of atypical parkinsonism (AP) tend have a much poorer and less sustained response to levodopa and also a poorer prognosis overall. DBS experience with this group of patients is very limited and evidence is lacking with regard to its efficacy and adverse effects. In this chapter, we review the available published experience of DBS surgery in patients with multiple system atrophy and other forms of secondary parkinsonism. Based on the limited data reviewed here, DBS for patients with multiple system atrophy is not recommended.
Interim Status Report for Risk Management for SFRs

Accident management is an important component to maintaining risk at acceptable levels for all complex systems, such as nuclear power plants. With the introduction of passive, or inherently safe, reactor designs the focus has shifted from management by operators to allowing the system's design to take advantage of natural phenomena to manage the accident. Inherently and passively safe designs are laudable, but nonetheless extreme boundary conditions can interfere with the design attributes which facilitate inherent safety, thus resulting in unanticipated and undesirable end states. This report examines an inherently safe and small sodium fast reactor experiencing a variety of beyond design basis events with the intent of exploring the utility of a Dynamic Bayesian Network to infer the state of the reactor to inform the operator's corrective actions. These inferences also serve to identify the instruments most critical to informing an operator's actions as candidates for hardening against radiation and other extreme environmental conditions that may exist in an accident. This reduction in uncertainty serves to inform ongoing discussions of how small sodium reactors would be licensed and may serve to reduce regulatory risk and cost for such reactors.
Male Infertility: a Harbinger of Future Health

Male infertility may be a harbinger of future health. Emerging data suggests that a man’s reproductive health may provide a window into future health. Several studies suggest an association between male infertility and incident cancer. Testis cancer represents the best studied cancer outcome in infertile men. Due to common genetic pathways, it is perhaps simple to imagine how impairments in testicular function may also lead to a high risk of cancer. Studies from several countries have demonstrated that infertile men have a higher risk of testis cancer. The association between prostate cancer and male infertility has also been examined, but there are currently conflicting reports in the literature. In addition, investigators have also examined the association between male infertility and mortality. To date, three studies have been conducted with two demonstrating an inverse relationship between semen quality and mortality. The etiology of the relationship remains uncertain with several plausible hypotheses.
Cryogenic implications of orbit selection of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF)

The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) which completed the first all sky survey in the infrared demonstrated the tremendous advantage of space-based infrared astronomy. The ability to cool the telescope optics and focal plane to liquid helium temperatures and the absence of atmospheric disturbances which cause “seeing” effects resulted in the discovery of 250,000 IR sources and many interesting phenomena including dust clouds around Vega and the infrared “cirrus” at 100 μm. To realize the true benefit of space infrared astronomy, NASA is now studying the Space Infrared Telescope Facility, a long-life space-based observatory, to follow up on the survey results of IRAS. The choice of orbits is a critical program decision. The objective of this paper is to compare the performance of an all superfluid helium SIRTF system in the two possible orbit inclinations, polar orbit (99°) and the low inclination orbit (28.5°).
Methylphenidate and Clonidine Combination Debated

The Debate Forum of the J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, in the May 1999 issue, addresses the concern regarding reported risk of fatalities in children receiving clonidine in combination with methylphenidate (MPH) for the treatment of ADHD with comorbid aggression, Tourette syndrome, or sleep disturbance.
A Qualitative Study of How Health Coaches Support Patients in Making Health-Related Decisions and Behavioral Changes

PURPOSE Although health coaches are a growing resource for supporting patients in making health decisions, we know very little about the experience of health. We undertook a qualitative study of how health coaches support patients in making decisions and implementing changes to improve their health. METHODS We conducted 6 focus groups (3 in Spanish and 3 in English) with 25 patients and 5 friends or family members, followed by individual interviews with 42 patients, 17 family members, 17 health coaches, and 20 clinicians. Audio recordings were transcribed and analyzed by at least 2 members of the study team in ATLAS.ti using principles of grounded theory to identify themes and the relationship between them. RESULTS We identified 7 major themes that were related to each other in the final conceptual model. Similarities between health coaches and patients and the time health coaches spent with patients helped establish the health coach–patient relationship. The coach-patient relationship allowed for, and was further strengthened by, 4 themes of key coaching activities: education, personal support, practical support, and acting as a bridge between patients and clinicians. CONCLUSIONS We identified a conceptual model that supports the development of a strong relationship, which in turn provides the basis for effective coaching. These results can be used to design health coach training curricula and to support health coaches in practice.
Envisioning the future: Financialization and the Indian entertainment industry reports

AbstractIt is now over 15 years since Arthur Andersen collaborated with the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry to issue the first ‘Entertainment Industry Report,’ an annual publication designed to gauge the net worth and growth potential of the Indian media industries for the global investment class. Arthur Anderson was supplanted by other transnational accounting services and management consultancies to produce the glossy trade report in association with India’s largest and oldest business organization. Published in March, the report has become a key reference for journalism and cultural policy, a vehicle of industry self-promotion, and an index of the industry’s corporate maturation and the overall economic health of the nation. While each report’s claims on accuracy are widely accepted, this article pays close attention to the visualization of data, reading the reports as critical to an emergent financial logic that jostles uneasily with the history of trade practices in the Indian ...
Survivorship and complications of total hip arthroplasty in patients with dwarfism.

Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common procedure used to treat bony hip deformities and skeletal dysplasia in dwarfism. These surgeries are often more difficult than conventional THA as they may involve malformed joints and poor bone quality, and may require smaller prostheses. This study aims to investigate whether implant survivorship and revision rates vary among patients with and without dwarfism undergoing THA. Methods A retrospective case-control study was performed for 102 THAs completed between 1997 and 2014 in patients under the height threshold of 147.32 cm. This cohort was matched 1:1.5 with patients of normal height with respect to age, gender, year of surgery, and Charlson comorbidities. All cases had a minimum follow-up of 1 year. A chart review was performed to identify patient and surgical characteristics, including outcomes. Radiographs were assessed for deformity, loosening, and periprosthetic fractures among other factors. Results The 2-, 5-, and 10-year survivorship of THA in patients with dwarfism was 92.9%, 92.9%, and 80.7%, respectively; and 94.4%, 86.4%, and 86.4% for controls, respectively (p = 0.95). The dwarfism cohort demonstrated an OR of 3.81 and 3.02 for revision for periprosthetic fractures (p = 0.11) and mechanical wear (p = 0.21), respectively. Conclusions THA in patients with dwarfism achieves comparable results to a non-dwarfism population with regards to implant survivorship; however, there is a trend toward increased periprosthetic fractures and wear-related failures. Surgeons should be aware of this potentially higher risk in this population and take morphological differences into account during surgical planning and technique.
Biochemical Characterization of WbkC, an N-Formyltransferase from Brucella melitensis.

It has become increasingly apparent within the last several years that unusual N-formylated sugars are often found on the O-antigens of such Gram negative pathogenic organisms as Francisella tularensis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Providencia alcalifaciens, among others. Indeed, in some species of Brucella, for example, the O-antigen contains 1,2-linked 4-formamido-4,6-dideoxy-α-d-mannosyl groups. These sugars, often referred to as N-formylperosamine, are synthesized in pathways initiating with GDP-mannose. One of the enzymes required for the production of N-formylperosamine, namely, WbkC, was first identified in 2000 and was suggested to function as an N-formyltransferase. Its biochemical activity was never experimentally verified, however. Here we describe a combined structural and functional investigation of WbkC from Brucella melitensis. Four high resolution X-ray structures of WbkC were determined in various complexes to address its active site architecture. Unexpectedly, the quaternary structure of Wb...
New perspectives on the neurophysiology of primate amygdala emerging from the study of naturalistic social behaviors

A major challenge of primate neurophysiology, particularly in the domain of social neuroscience, is to adopt more natural behaviors without compromising the ability to relate patterns of neural activity to specific actions or sensory inputs. Traditional approaches have identified neural activity patterns in the amygdala in response to simplified versions of social stimuli such as static images of faces. As a departure from this reduced approach, single images of faces were replaced with arrays of images or videos of conspecifics. These stimuli elicited more natural behaviors and new types of neural responses: (1) attention-gated responses to faces, (2) selective responses to eye contact, and (3) selective responses to touch and somatosensory feedback during the production of facial expressions. An additional advance toward more natural social behaviors in the laboratory was the implementation of dyadic social interactions. Under these conditions, neurons encoded similarly rewards that monkeys delivered to self and to their social partner. These findings reinforce the value of bringing natural, ethologically valid, behavioral tasks under neurophysiological scrutiny. WIREs Cogn Sci 2018, 9:e1449. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1449 This article is categorized under: Psychology > Emotion and Motivation Neuroscience > Cognition Neuroscience > Physiology.