cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contingencies of Self-Worth, Academic Failure, and Goal Pursuit

Two studies examine the effects of failure on explicit and implicit self-esteem, affect, and self-presentation goals as a function of people's trait self-esteem and academic contingency of self-worth. Study 1 shows that participants with low self-esteem (LSE) who receive failure feedback experience lower state self-esteem, less positive affect, and less desire to be perceived as competent the more they base self-worth on academics. In contrast, participants with high self-esteem (HSE) who strongly base self-worth on academics show a slight boost in state self-esteem and desire to be perceived as competent following failure. Study 2 shows that following failure, academically contingent LSE participants downplay the importance of appearing competent to others and associate themselves with failure on an implicit level. Taken together, these findings suggest that academically contingent HSE people show resilience following failure, whereas academically contingent LSE people experience negative outcomes and di...
Safety of adult medical male circumcision performed by non-physician clinicians in Kenya: a prospective cohort study

Background: Male circumcision reduces the risk of heterosexually acquired HIV infection in men by approximately 60%. The Government of Kenya is rolling out voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) services, but struggles with health worker shortages, particularly with physician shortages. Objective: To evaluate the safety of male circumcision performed by non-physician clinicians in Kenya. Methods: Between December 2009 and December 2010, we conducted a prospective study of VMMC procedures performed by 15 nurses and 11 clinical officers, all trained to competence, in 11 public health facilities in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Providers reported surgical complications and adverse events (AEs), based on standardized definitions, immediately after the procedure and at 7 days and 60 days post-circumcision. We also assessed clients’ satisfaction with the circumcision at 60 days. Results: We recruited 2,244 men and boys, ages 13–54. The retention rate was high, with 2,192 participants (98%) returning for the 7-day follow-up visit and 1,845 (82%) for the 60-day visit. There was no difference in rates of moderate and severe AEs between participants whose circumcision was performed by a nurse (2.1%) or a clinical officer (1.9%) at 7 days post-circumcision. The most common AE was excess swelling (1.1%). Risk factors associated with an AE at 7 days post-circumcision included being employed and participant age > 18 years. Participants circumcised by a provider with > 6 years of professional experience were less likely to have an AE. Nearly all participants reported being satisfied with their circumcision at the 60-day follow-up visit. Conclusions: Trained nurses and clinical officers provided safe VMMC in Nyanza Province, Kenya. AE rates in this study were similar to those reported in typical service-delivery settings. These results add to the current body of evidence suggesting that trained non-physicians can provide safe medical male circumcision, thereby facilitating increased availability and access to circumcision services.
Small Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs)

Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are protein–ribonucleic acid (RNA) complexes defined by a core noncoding RNA of approximately 100–600 nucleotides and tightly bound proteins that together accumulate in the nucleus. The snRNPs are best known for their role in RNA splicing complexes, including U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6 snRNPs found in the spliceosome. Additional snRNPs are functionally diverse, but in many cases the RNA component of snRNPs can base-pair with a substrate for precise alignment and possible catalysis. The U7 snRNP directs 3′-end mRNA formation for histone transcripts, and the 7SK snRNP regulates transcription. Two special groups of snRNPs, small nucleolar RNPs (snoRNPs) and small Cajal-body RNPs (scaRNPs), are restricted to their named subnuclear compartments in order to direct post-transcriptional modification of ribosomal and splicing RNAs, respectively. Certain herpesviruses express high levels of novel snRNPs involved in the regulation of gene expression. Due to their important biological roles, there are many diseases associated with snRNPs. Key Concepts: The snRNPs are small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles, a class of dynamic RNA–protein complexes that accumulate in the nucleus. Major and minor splicing snRNPs form super-complexes (spliceosomes) that direct the precise splicing of messenger RNAs. In the special process of trans-splicing, splice leader (SL) snRNPs donate RNA to the ends of transcripts. The U7 snRNP coordinates 3′ end processing of metazoan histone messenger RNAs. The 7SK snRNP regulates transcription by selectively sequestering and rendering inactive the P-TEFb protein, a key modulator of RNA polymerase II. Two groups of snRNPs are singled out for specific subnuclear localisation: small nucleolar and small Cajal-body associated (sno/scaRNPs) direct methylation and pseudouridylation of splicing and ribosomal RNAs. Some mammalian herpesviruses express viral snRNPs, which have enigmatic and complex functions in gene regulation. Several diseases including lupus present autoantibody production of antibodies directed at snRNP-affiliated proteins such as Sm, Lsm and La. Most snRNPs have been affiliated with diseases and are therefore promising biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Keywords: mRNA splicing; splice leader RNA; snoRNA; scaRNA; U7; 7SK; EBER; HSUR; viral snRNPs; lupus
Hydraulic Theory for a Granular Heap on an Incline

We employ an especially simple form of the kinetic theory for identical, frictionless, nearly elastic spheres that applies to relatively dense aggregates in which the fluxes of momentum and energy in a shearing flow are due to interparticle collisions rather than to transport between collisions (e.g. [4]). The theory consists of balance equations for the particle mass, momentum, and energy and constitutive relations that relate the fluxes of momentum and energy to the mean fields of mass density, velocity, and energy and the spatial gradients of velocity and energy.
Comparative Study of Thin PZT Sol-gel Films Deposited on Pt and GaN Substrates

We provide a comparative study of the piezoresponse in thin Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) films deposited onto GaN/sapphire and Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using the sol-gel process. The effective piezoelectric coefficient was measured by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy. The resulting effective piezoelectric coefficient obtained for PZT(~180 nm)/GaN/sapphire structure is 16.7 ± 3.4 pm/V and for PZT(~180 nm)/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si structure is 7.8 ± 0.8 pm/V. We also discuss the substrate clamping effect of both structures and explain the relatively stronger piezoresponse of PZT on GaN by different orientation of films formed on the two types of substrates. In this investigation, the PZT thin films crystallized with preferred (100) and (110) orientations on platinum and GaN, respectively. The phase mode of the Piezoresponse Force Microscopy was used to demonstrate remanent polarization in PZT/GaN/sapphire structure.
Clinical features of 31 patients with Ki-1 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.

Thirty-one patients were diagnosed by morphologic and immunophenotypic features as having primary Ki-1 anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (Ki-1 ALCL). the median age was 35 years (range, 4 months to 78 years); the male:female ratio was 18:13. B symptoms were observed in 13 patients. Peripheral adenopathy was present in 26 patients, while mediastinal adenopathy occurred in five. There was extranodal disease in 13 patients; the most common extranodal site was skin with seven affected. Seventeen patients had stage III/IV disease. Immunophenotypes were T cell in 24 patients and B cell in four patients; immunophenotype could not be determined in three patients. Cytogenetic abnormalities in chromosomes 2, 5, and 7 were detected in three patients. Although therapy was heterogeneous, the actuarial 2-year survival was 73%. Two-year disease-free survival was 39% for all patients; for stages I and II, it was 62% compared with 20% for stages III and IV (P = .001). Complete remission (CR) occurred in 21 of 23 patients rec...
INFLUENCE OF GROWING ENVIRONMENT AND STORAGE DURATION ON QUALITY OF FRESH‐PACK CUCUMBER PICKLES3

Fruit of several pickling cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in 1978 and 1979 in several environments under two soil nitrogen levels (high vs. normal) were stored for various time periods before fresh-pack processing. Firmness, color and general appearance as examined after equilibration were all highly affected by cultivar, growing environment, and storage duration but somewhat less by nitrogen level. Unexpectedly, color and appearance improved during the first 24 h after harvest. Acceptable firmness was maintained for at least 72 h after harvest. Fruit of genetically firm cultivars generally showed less change in firmness than did fruit of less firm cultivars.
Neosaxitoxin in Rat Sciatic Block: Improved Therapeutic Index Using Combinations with Bupivacaine, with and without Epinephrine.

Background:Neosaxitoxin (NeoSTX) is a site-1 sodium channel blocker undergoing clinical trials as a prolonged-duration local anesthetic. Rat sciatic block and intravenous infusion models were used to assess efficacy and local and systemic toxicities for NeoSTX in saline (NeoSTX-Saline), bupivacaine
An alternative framework for responding to the amphibian crisis

Volumes of data illustrate the severity of the crisis affecting amphibians, where > 32% of amphibians worldwide are threatened with declining populations. Although there have been isolated victories, the current approach to the issue is unsuccessful. We suggest that a radically different approach, something akin to human emergency response management (i.e. the Incident Command System), is one alternative to addressing the inertia and lack of cohesion in responding to amphibian issues. We acknowledge existing efforts and the useful research that has been conducted, but we suggest that a change is warranted and that the identification of a new amphibian chytrid provides the impetus for such a change. Our goal is to recognize that without a centralized effort we (collectively) are likely to fail in responding to this challenge.
Identifying the Class of Term Structure Models Possessing Closed-Form Solutions for Bond and Bond-Option Prices: An Expectation Approach

What properties must a term structure model possess in order to have closed-form bond price solutions? Are there undiscovered models which offer simple bond price formula? Why do models that have closed-form bond price solutions also tend to have closed-form bond-option solutions? This paper attempts to answer these questions from an expectation approach. It is well known that the price of a derivative security can be expressed either as a solution to an expectation, or as a solution to a second order partial differential equation. Except for normally distributed random processes, the expectation approach has been difficult to implement. In this paper we demonstrate that when the expectation is expressed as a path integral, and the law of iterated expectations is used, implementation becomes straightforward. Using this technique, the class of models which have closed form bond and bond-option solutions is identified. The approach also explains why closed-form solutions typically exist for both bond and bond-options, or neither. In addition, the approach allows one to evaluate bond-option prices when the model is infinite factor, where no PDE representation even exists.
Shh and p50/Bcl3 signaling crosstalk drives pathogenesis of BCCs in Gorlin syndrome

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that is due, in large measure, to aberrant Shh signaling driven by mutations in the tumor suppressor gene Ptch1. Here, we describe the development of Ptch1+/-/ SKH-1 mice as a novel model of this disease. These animals manifest many features of NBCCS, including developmental anomalies and are remarkably sensitive to both ultraviolet (UVB) and ionizing radiation that drive the development of multiple BCCs. Just as in patients with NBCCS, Ptch1+/-/SKH-1 also spontaneously develops BCCs and other neoplasms such as rhabdomyomas/rhabdomyosarcomas. Administration of smoothened inhibitors (vismodegib/itraconazole/cyclopamine) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (sulindac/sulfasalazine) each result in partial resolution of BCCs in these animals. However, combined administration of these agents inhibits the growth of UVB-induced BCCs by >90%. Employing small molecule- and decoy-peptide-based approaches we further affirm that complete remission of BCCs could only be achieved by combined inhibition of p50-NFκB/Bcl3 and Shh signaling. We posit that Ptch1+/-/SKH-1 mice are a novel and relevant animal model for NBCCS. Understanding mechanisms that govern genetic predisposition to BCCs should facilitate our ability to identify and treat NBCCS gene carriers, including those at risk for sporadic BCCs while accelerating development of novel therapeutic modalities for these patients.
Attention demands of language production in adults who stutter.

Abstract Objective We investigated whether language production is atypically resource-demanding in adults who stutter (AWS) versus typically-fluent adults (TFA). Methods Fifteen TFA and 15 AWS named pictures overlaid with printed Semantic, Phonological or Unrelated Distractor words while monitoring frequent low tones versus rare high tones. Tones were presented at a short or long Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) relative to picture onset. Group, Tone Type, Tone SOA and Distractor Type effects on P3 amplitudes were the main focus. P3 amplitude was also investigated separately in a simple tone oddball task. Results P3 morphology was similar between groups in the simple task. In the dual task, a P3 effect was detected in TFA in all three distractor conditions at each Tone SOA. In AWS, a P3 effect was attenuated or undetectable at the Short Tone SOA depending on Distractor Type. Conclusions In TFA, attentional resources were available for P3-indexed processes in tone perception and categorization in all distractor conditions at both Tone SOAs. For AWS, availability of attentional resources for secondary task processing was reduced as competition in word retrieval was resolved. Significance Results suggest that language production can be atypically resource-demanding in AWS. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
An Economic Interpretation of the Pashtunwalli

This essay analyzes the Pashtunwalli, the tribal code of the Pashtuns, from a political economy perspective. Though it bears some similarity with customary laws of other Afghan tribes, the Pashtun customs are distinctive both for their persistence and harshness. The norms of the Pashtunwalli provide an illustration of the logic of retaliation in private legal systems as well as an institutional solution – the jirga – to minimize the threat of escalation. The paper also considers two normative problems associated with the Pashtunwalli: gender inequities and relatively high levels of violence. It considers a simple strategy for introducing greater normative coherence to the Pashtunwalli that might also ameliorate its morally troubling aspects – the expansion of literacy. While not a panacea, greater levels of education could potentially facilitate clearer substantive norms as well as improved quality of life for women.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Polybrominated Dioxins from the Marine Environment

Polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins are arguably among the most toxic molecules known to man. In addition to anthropogenic sources, marine invertebrates also harbor polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins of as yet unknown biogenic origin. Here, we report that the bmp gene locus in marine bacteria, a recently characterized source of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, can also synthesize dibenzo-p-dioxins by employing different phenolic initiator molecules. Our findings also diversify the structural classes of diphenyl ethers accessed by the bmp biosynthetic pathway. This report lays the biochemical foundation of a likely biogenetic origin of dibenzo-p-dioxins present in the marine metabolome and greatly expands the toxicity potential of marine derived polyhaloganated natural products.
On the Methods of Conducting and Improving Chinese Teaching by US Liberal Arts Colleges

Due to their special position in the US university system,liberal arts colleges adopt quite a few methods of conducting and improving Chinese teaching.They seek for the financial and institutional guarantee,conduct effective language teaching via computer and other multi-media equipments,establish the cross-disciplinary connection and hold cultural activities,bring the students' subjective initiative into full play,popularize the Chinese projects and employ language teaching assistant,implement cooperation projects with China's universities and offer information related to employment.
Interdisciplinary psychoanalysis and the education of children: psychoanalytic and educational partnerships.

(2007). Interdisciplinary Psychoanalysis and the Education of Children. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child: Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 180-207.
Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Gangliosides

It is pertinent to an understanding of the metabolism of brain gangliosides to consider their concentration and their more or less specific location within neural cells. The CNS of vertebrates characteristically has a relatively high level of gangliosides (Wiegandt, 1968; Brunngraber et al., 1972). Those gangliosides containing the more highly sialylated (tri- and tetrasialosyl) ganglio- tetraoses, e.g., II3(NeuAc)3-GgOse4Cer, or GTIc; IV3(NeuAc)II3(NeuAc)2- GgOse4Cer, or GTlb; IV3(NeuAc)2II3(NeuAc)2-GgOse4 Cer, or GQlb, appear to occur specifically in the brain of animals, and additionally, those containing IV3(NeuAc)2 II3(NeuAc)3-GgOse4Cer, or GPlc, are found in fish brain (Avrova, 1971). Sialosyl gangliotetraosyl ceramides also occur to a varying degree in cellular membranes in organs other than brain. Sialosyl lactosyl and gangliotriaosyl ceramides (Gm3 and Gm2) occur largely in nonneural as well as neural cells. For a discussion of the structures and distribution of the (“brain”) gangliosides, see Chapter 1.
On the arbitrage price of European call options

ABSTRACTWe show that in a discrete price and discrete time model for option pricing, specifically that given by the Cox–Ross–Rubinstein model, the arbitrage price of a European call option can depend on parameters other than volatility (the standard deviation of the log asset price). We provide two theorems to illustrate this phenomenon. Our first theorem considers two securities with the same volatility so that at a specified time n0, with probability near 1, the two securities are equal. If their call options differ, both the discounted securities will be martingales. Our second theorem considers two securities with the same volatility so that at times n = 0, ..., N − 1 the securities are equal with probability near 1. If their call options differ, one of the discounted securities will be a martingale and the other discounted security will be a supermartingale.
Stem Cells and the Regenerating Heart

The restricted regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart remains a perplexing exception. The regenerative response launched by other injured organs involves local populations of self-renewing precursor cells, or recruitment of circulating stem cells to replace or repair the injured areas. In response to functional stress, the heart can increase its muscle mass through cellular hypertrophy, but the damaged heart needs a rapid response to repair damage to the muscle wall and maintain adequate blood flow to the rest of the body. Paradoxically, this most critical organ cannot restore the muscle loss that accompanies myocardial infarction and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Instead, interruption of the coronary blood supply results in apoptosis and fibrotic scar formation at the cost of functional muscle. As a result, the remaining cardiomyocytes undergo cellular hypertrophy, leading to decompensated function and congestive heart failure, an increasingly prevalent disease in the industrialized world.
Pharmacological Inhibition of EGFR Signaling Enhances G-CSF Induced Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization.

Abstract Mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from bone marrow into peripheral blood by the cytokine G-CSF has become the preferred source of HSPCs for clinical stem cell transplants. However, up to 10% of donors fail to mobilize sufficient numbers of stem cells impeding autologous transplants or significantly delaying transplant recovery time. Consequently, novel regimens are warranted to increase the number of stem cells in peripheral blood upon mobilization. Using a forward genetic approach in the mouse, we map the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to a genetic region on murine chromosome 11 modifying G-CSF-mediated HSPC mobilization. Expression levels of EGFR in HSPCs were inversely correlated with HSPC mobilization, implying a negative role for EGFR signaling in mobilization. Genetic reduction of EGFR activity (waved2 mice) or treatment with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib increased stem cell mobilization up to 5-fold in combination with G-CSF. Increased mobilization due do alteration of EGFR activity correlated with reduced activity of Cdc42 and consequently, inhibition of Cdc42 activity in vivo by a specific Cdc42 inhibitor similarly enhanced mobilization. Our findings reveal a novel signaling pathway regulating stem cell mobilization and thus provide new rationale for targeted pharmacological approaches to further improve HSPC mobilization and thus transplantation outcomes.
Increased Risk of Chronic Multisymptom Illness in Spouses of Gulf War Era Veterans

ABSTRACTObjective: In 1995, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defined chronic multisymptom illness (CMI), a symptom complex in deployed veterans (DVs) of the 1991 Gulf War 1. The specific aim of this work is to determine the prevalence of CMI in spouses of DV and nondeployed veterans (NDVs) and whether veteran CMI is associated with spouse CMI, and to describe the physical and psychological profile of spouses with CMI. Materials and Methods: To determine whether veteran CMI was associated with CMI in their spouses, we used retrospective data from the “National Health Survey of Gulf War Veterans and Their Families.” Cross-sectional data were collected from spouses of veterans enrolled in the study, including those of 482 DVs and 532 NDVs who participated in an in-person examination between 1999 and 2001. In addition to a physical examination, this study evaluated health-related quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36, SF-36), psychological symptoms, and post-traumatic stress diso...
Reflections on the neuroscientific legacy of Jaak Panksepp (1943–2017)

Nature has placed mankind under the government of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure … they govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think: every effort we can make to throw off our s...
Quality in the Vascular Laboratory

The role of quality in vascular laboratory services has never been more important than today. Consumers of healthcare—patients, providers, health systems, and payers, both private and governmental—rightly demand value in all facets of care. The traditional focus of quality efforts simply on diagnostic accuracy judged by external validation is no longer sufficient to fully assess the performance of a vascular lab. Comprehensive quality programs are needed to develop, maintain, and constantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of services provided in the vascular noninvasive lab and to allow the vascular lab to continue to function as a central and essential component in the management of vascular disease.
Attenuated first-rank symptoms and conversion to psychosis in a clinical high-risk cohort.

Aim We sought to examine attenuated first-rank symptoms (FRS) and subcomponents of the Unusual Thought Content (P.1.) section of the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) to investigate the robust relationship between total P.1. and conversion. We hypothesized that attenuated FRS would drive the association and, additionally, be most predictive of a schizophrenia diagnosis. Method We assessed 189 clinical high-risk participants. Two independent raters separately scored attenuated FRS and each subcomponent of P.1. as if each were the only symptom reported. Total P.1. was also scored. Participants were evaluated for conversion up to 2 years. Results While total P.1. score significantly predicted conversion in the 54 converters, attenuated FRS, which were relatively uncommon in this sample, nor any subcomponent of P.1., was independently predictive. FRS did not predict conversion to schizophrenia among 35 subjects. Conclusion Although attenuated FRS, and subcomponents of P.1. of the SIPS, did not significantly predict transition to psychosis, our results support previous research affirming the value of total P.1. score as a tool for predicting conversion to psychosis.
Trichosporon asahii septic thrombophlebitis following lower extremity amputation in an immunocompetent host

A 59-year-old man with a history of peripheral vascular disease status post femoral popliteal bypass presented with critical limb ischaemia of the left leg. An arterial Doppler ultrasound showed an occluded graft requiring an above knee amputation. Five days after surgery, the patient developed fever, leucocytosis, significant stump swelling and pain, and serosanguinous discharge from his wound. Wound swab cultures from the stump grew Trichosporon asahii. A venous Doppler ultrasound revealed extensive thrombosis of the left lower extremity. Biopsy of the left thigh muscle showed necrotic thrombus with fungal hyphae in the clotted blood vessel. The left femoral vein was subsequently resected, and the excised venous tissue also grew T. asahii. The patient was successfully treated with voriconazole based on antifungal susceptibilities. This case describes an invasive fungal infection in the absence of typical immunosuppressive conditions commonly associated with Trichosporon spp. It also illustrates the role of a combination of antimicrobial and surgical management in achieving cure.
Learning from CIK plants.

The stem cell niche in plant shoots is maintained by carefully orchestrated feedback between a series of CLAVATA (CLV) receptors and their ligand CLV3, and the transcription factor WUSCHEL. A new clade of co-receptors, CLV3-insensitive receptor kinases (CIKs), provides an important missing link in CLV signalling.
Irritability, Externalizing, and Internalizing Psychopathology in Adolescence: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations and Moderation by Sex

Irritability is a common feature of many psychiatric disorders, including both externalizing and internalizing disorders. There is little research, however, examining associations between irritabil...
Evaluation of a modeling-based plasma input function estimation algorithm for unbiased quantification of ligand receptor dynamic PET

157 Objectives To develop and validate noninvasive method for unbiased quantification of ligand receptor dynamic PET. Methods A non-parametric PIF based (i.e., not based on analytic formulation of the PIF) iterative estimation algorithm was derived by applying deconvolution operation to a two-tissue compartment model. The algorithm was evaluated by 55 [11C]raclopride (D2 receptor; cerebellum as reference tissue), 3 baboon and 1 human [18F]AZAN (α4β2-nAChR receptor) dynamic PET studies, where there is no reference tissue for [18F]AZAN study. The measured PIF was obtained in each PET study by arterial blood sampling. Fifteen ROIs were manually drawn on the co-registered MRI images and then copied to dynamic PET images to extract ROI kinetics. For comparison, both estimated and measured PIFs were normalized by area under curve. The Logan plot using PIF was used for ROI kinetic based DV estimation. To avoid noise-induced underestimation in the Logan plot, a bi-graphical plot developed by Zhou et al. (Neuroimage 2010, 49(4):2947-57) was used for generating DV images. The binding potential (BPND) was also calculated as BPND = DV(ROI)/DV(cerebellum) -1 after DV estimation in [11C]raclopride studies. Results The estimated PIFs (estPIF) were similar to the measured PIFs (mPIF) in terms of curve shape. Linear correlations between the DVs from estPIF and mPIF were obtained as: DV(estPIF) = 1.01DV(mPIF) + 0.01, R2=1.00, and BP(estPIF) = 1.00BP(mPIF) + 0.00, R2=1.00 for [11C]raclopride; and DV(estPIF) = 1.03DV(mPIF) - 1.57, R2=1.00 for [18F]AZAN. The DV images generated by estPIF were virtually identical to those obtained by mPIF for both [11C]raclopride and [18F]AZAN studies. Conclusions The modeling-based plasma input function estimation algorithm is validated by this study for unbiased noninvasive estimation of DV and/or BPND in [11C]raclopride and [18F]AZAN dynamic PET studies. The algorithm is robust to distinct tracer kinetic properties. The methodology has potential to facilitate PET applications in neuroimaging and drug development
Manipulating transverse photovoltage across plasmonic triangle holes of symmetry breaking

The transverse photo-induced voltages generated by the photon drag effect under normally and obliquely incident circularly polarized light across the plasmonic symmetry-breaking isosceles-triangle holes and right-triangle holes have been characterized. It is observed that the sign of transverse photovoltage flips when the incident circular polarization is switched for both types of plasmonic triangle holes. However, the unbalanced photovoltage between two circular polarizations is achieved across the plasmonic right-triangle holes, compared to the balanced photovoltage in the plasmonic isosceles-triangle holes. Such manipulation of the sign and the amplitude of transverse photovoltage is enabled by the broken symmetries of the electric and magnetic field patterns supported in the asymmetric triangle holes due to the interplay between the light helicity of circular polarization and the shape symmetries of triangle holes, together with the incident angle. These results will create opportunities for many applications relevant to nonlinear optics, photodetection, and chiral sensing.
Fat Shaming in Medicine: Overview of Alternative Patient Strategies

As the rate of obesity-related diseases rise, physicians are spending more time in their practices working to motivate patients to lose weight. Historically, to change the lifestyle behaviors of patients, physicians have detailed the consequences of excess weight gain and offered predictions of obesity-related complications and early demise. Although this motivational technique has been widely used in medicine, this “tough love” educational approach can have unintended consequences and be ineffective or even harmful in some patients. Behavioral change models and the positive psychology literature provide tools and methods to assist providers in the care of patients living with or at risk of weight-related morbidity and mortality. These techniques motivate patients without unintentionally disempowering them or their families.
Big data analytics: a link between knowledge management capabilities and superior cyber protection

As cybersecurity threats increase in frequency and sophistication, organizations are realizing that one of their strongest resources to combat cyberattacks lies in the growing volume of data at their disposal. However, traditional knowledge management technologies have limited capabilities to effectively process and analyze these larger data volumes that can provide managers with pertinent information to make better-informed security decisions. Using survey data from 479 business and information security executives and drawing from the resource-based view, I find that 69% of organizations that deployed big data analytics reported significant improvements in their cyber knowledge management capabilities. Second, the findings also confirm a significantly positive association between big data analytics and cyber agility. In particular, 72% of organizations that deployed big data analytics solutions reported significant improvements in their ability to detect and respond faster to cyber threats. Lastly, compared to 56% of organizations without big data analytics, 78% of companies that have deployed big data analytics technologies considered their cyber security capabilities adequate and robust enough to protect critical information assets from cyberattacks. Overall, the results demonstrate that organizations need advanced data analytics capabilities to effectively leverage IT resources, allowing them to respond to cyber incidents with speed and agility which ultimately cumulates in the superior cyber protection of valuable information assets. The results also provide some useful implications for research and managerial practices.
Uplink Multi-panel Transmission Enhancements on Multi-beam Operation

The reliability and robustness of information transmission is very important for emergency communication. In order to improve the reliability and robustness of transmission this paper presents uplink multi-panel transmission enhancements on multi-beam operation in 5G NR, including uplink multi-panel transmission schemes, identifier for indicating UE panel and UE panel activation/de-activation. Furthermore, UL simultaneous transmission for a single TRP case in the indoor hotspot scenario is evaluated. From the evaluation results, it can be observed that UL simultaneous transmission approach can obtain significant performance gains over the panel-selection based approach in the 30GHz indoor hotspot scenario. Therefore, it is proposal that the signaling design for multi-beam enhancements in Rel-16 NR should also take UL simultaneous transmission into account for the future enhancements in Rel-17 NR.
GlobalFlow: A Cross-Region Orchestration Service for Serverless Computing Services

With the development of serverless computing, orchestration of multiple serverless computing services is highly desired by many cloud-based applications. In this paper, we present GlobalFlow, an orchestration service that can coordinate various geographically distributed but logically dependent serverless computing services through copy-based or connector-based strategy. Through preliminary evaluation, the proposed service has demonstrated its effectiveness in orchestrating various AWS Lambda functions in different regions without significant overhead.
The relationship between men’s peer and social media muscularity ideal discrepancies and body satisfaction:

Previous studies have shown that discrepancy between perceptions of one’s actual body type and the ideal bodies of their peers is an important factor for one’s body satisfaction. However, there is ...
Video Confirmation of Head Impact Sensor Data From High School Soccer Players

Background:Recent advances in technology have enabled the development of head impact sensors, which provide a unique opportunity for sports medicine researchers to study head kinematics in contact ...
In reply: Myasthenia gravis

Readers comment on problems with the definition of myocardial infarction (December 2013) and on the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (November 2013).
Using Online Survey Software to Enhance Rigor and Efficiency of Knowledge Synthesis Reviews

With the explosion of scientific literature, information technologies, and the rise of evidence-based health care, methodologies for literature reviews continue to advance. Yet there remains a lack...
A short proof for stronger version of DS decomposition in set function optimization

Using a short proof, we show that every set function f can be decomposed into the difference of two monotone increasing and strictly submodular functions g and h, i.e., $$f=g-h$$ , and every set function f can also be decomposed into the difference of two monotone increasing and strictly supermodular functions g and h, i.e., $$f=g-h$$ .
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nutrition and Dietary Intervention for Early Care and Education Providers.

Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary impact of the Create Healthy Futures program, a self-paced, 6-lesson, web-based intervention on promoting healthy eating for Early Care and Education (ECE) providers, using a group-randomized controlled trial design with 3 repeated measurements. Methods Nine ECE facilities in Ohio were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention (N = 4) and comparison (N = 5). The 111 participants are mostly female (97.3%), college graduated (59.5%), and overweight or obese (75.2%). Nutrition-related psychosocial and environmental factors and individual behaviors were assessed at baseline, post-test, and 3-month follow-up. We used mixed model analyses to compare changes between time points, controlling for ethnicity, age, and center effect, and calculated effect size to assess the magnitude of change. Results We observed significant between-group changes in improving nutrition knowledge (p = .003), increasing perceived support for staff wellness (p = .038), and reducing perceived barriers to eating fruits and vegetables (p = .004) and promoting nutrition in classrooms (p = .038), with small to medium effect sizes. The study demonstrated high feasibility with 94.1% enrollment rate, 87.5% intervention completion rate, and 83.8% retention rate. Conclusions This pilot study demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability of nutrition intervention programs using an online platform among ECE providers.
Implementing an at-home smell test for early assessment of COVID-19 in high-risk healthcare workers

Background: Smell loss has been recognized as an important, and potentially early, sign of COVID-19 However, to date smell loss has only been assessed in retrospective, COVID+ cohorts, and largely through self-report The objective of this study was to implement a daily standardized behavioral test of smell sensitivity in healthcare workers (HCW) to capture changes in smell sensitivity over time and to assess whether these changes occur prior to positive COVID test Methods: The study enrolled 500 high-risk COVID-negative HCW during the COVID-19 epidemic in Connecticut, beginning March 28, 2020 (80% F, mean age 38, 58% nurses) Initially, HCW received a daily symptom questionnaire with parosmia screening questions On April 23 we introduced the “Jiffy”, a daily at-home psychophysical test of smell sensitivity, where olfactory stimuli are sampled and rated for perceived intensity SARS-CoV-2 infection was tested every three days by PCR of nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva Results: Of the first 500 enrolled HCW, 376 HCW (75%) completed the Jiffy 4528 times (mean 12 times/HCW) 17/500 HCW (3 4%) had a COVID+ test, of which 9/17 (53%) reported smell loss through the Jiffy or the daily symptom survey 6/9 (67%) reported smell loss that preceded or was concurrent with a COVID+ test 8/17 COVID+ HCW completed the Jiffy, with 5/8 (63%) reporting reductions in smell versus 42/368 (11%) COVID- HCW (OR=13, 95% CI: 2 4-85, p= 001) COVID+ HCW rated their greatest reduction in smell sensitivity as slight (40%) and severe (60%), versus slight (88%) and moderate (12%) in COVID- HCW 16/17 COVID+ HCW completed a daily symptom survey (mean 14 times/HCW), with 8/16 (50%) ever reporting parosmia versus 90/466 (19%) of COVID- HCW (OR=4 2, 95% CI: 1 3-13, p= 007) Overall, parosmia was the first reported symptom in 3/13 (23%) COVID+ HCW who reported symptoms Conclusion: We conducted a prospective study of smell testing in a population at high risk for COVID-19 using two parallel approaches Our results demonstrate the feasibility of at-home smell testing for assessing parosmia during COVID-19, in some cases even prior to a positive PCR result Given the urgent need for widespread, lowcost, non-invasive testing for COVID-19, we are now developing an easy-to-use app to distribute this survey more widely to high-risk populations (Table Presented)
Editor, Ethical Challenges in Discharge Planning: Stories from Patients

This symposium includes twelve personal narratives from patients and their caregivers who have navigated challenges in planning for discharge from the hospital and transition to care at home, a rehabilitation facility, long-term care facility, or hospice. Three commentaries on these narratives are also included, authored by experts and scholars in the fields of medicine, bioethics, and health policy with particular interest in vulnerable populations. The goal of this symposium is to call attention to the experiences of patients during transitions in care and to enrich discussions of ethical issues in discharge planning.
Validation of self-reported incident cancer diagnoses in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study: A tool for population-based cancer and aging research.

312Background: Population aging and improving cancer survival rates are resulting in a growing population of older cancer survivors in the United States (US). As a result, there is an increasing ne...
A Semi-Supervised Approach for Abnormal Event Prediction on Large Operational Network Time-Series Data.

Large network logs, recording multivariate time series generated from heterogeneous devices and sensors in a network, can often reveal important information about abnormal activities, such as network intrusions and device malfunctions. Existing machine learning methods for anomaly detection on multivariate time series typically assume that 1) normal sequences would have consistent behavior for training unsupervised models, or 2) require a large set of labeled normal and abnormal sequences for supervised models. However, in practice, normal network activities can demonstrate significantly varying sequence patterns (e.g., before and after rerouting partial network traffic). Also, the recorded abnormal events can be sparse. This paper presents a novel semi-supervised method that efficiently captures dependencies between network time series and across time points to generate meaningful representations of network activities for predicting abnormal events. The method can use the limited labeled data to explicitly learn separable embedding space for normal and abnormal samples and effectively leverage unlabeled data to handle training data scarcity. The experiments demonstrate that our approach significantly outperformed state-of-the-art approaches for event detection on a large real-world network log.
Bis[μ-2-(2-pyridylmethyl-amino-meth-yl)phenolato]-κN,N',O:O;κO:N,N',O-bis-[(thio-cyanato-κN)copper(II)].

The centrosymmetric binuclear complex, [Cu2(C13H13N2O)2(NCS)2], formed via phenolate oxygen bridges, involves the CuII atoms in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination [τ = 0.197 (1)]. A Cu⋯Cu separation of 3.2281 (3) A is observed. The in-plane Cu—Ophenolate distance [1.9342 (8) A] is shorter than the axial distance [2.252 (8) A]. The Cu—Namine and Cu—Npy distances are similar [2.0095 (10) and 2.0192 (10) A, respectively]. The Cu—Nthio­cyanate distance [1.9678 (11) A] is in the range found for Cu—N distances in previously determined structures containing coordinated thio­cyanate anions. There is an inter­molecular hydrogen bond between the amine H atom and the S atom of a coordinated thio­cyanate anion.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome

The Guillain-Barre syndrome is an acute or subacute, relatively symmetric lower motor neuron paralysis from which greater than 85 per cent of patients obtain a full or functional recovery. Diagnosis is made by recognition of a characteristic set of clinical features that can be confirmed by electrodiagnostic and other laboratory findings. It is a neurologic emergency in which patients are subject to respiratory failure and cardiac arrhythmias.
Stress Generation and Depression

Publisher Summary Risk factor for depression is exposure to stress that occurs at least in part because of a person's characteristics, behaviors, and circumstances. Such dependent negative life events may be largely interpersonal in content, although it is an interesting question whether such events are universally more likely to occur or to trigger depression compared to other events. This chapter reviews research specific to depressive disorders and addresses not only the empirical evidence for stress generation, but also the factors that help to clarify its predictors and mechanisms. It is likely that residual depressive symptoms themselves impair functioning and contribute to negative life events; research also suggests that additional factors may contribute to stress generation. These include certain personality styles, as well as dysfunctional beliefs, attitudes, and cognitions, and maladaptive behaviors and social problem-solving skills. Clinical features may also increase the risk of stress generation, including comorbidity with other disorders, and likely also chronicity and number of episodes of depression. A vicious cycle of stress and depression presents challenges and opportunities for intervention and for predicting the course of depression.
Improper Joinder: Confronting Plaintiffs' Attempts to Destroy Federal Subject Matter Jurisdiction.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 49 I. Plaintiffs’ Strategies for Avoiding Removal 53 A. Federal Subject Matter Jurisdiction 53 B. Plaintiff as Master of the Case 55 1. Forum selection 55 2. Plaintiffs’ preference for state courts 57 C. The Removal Exception 59 D. Strategies to Avoid Removal 60 1. Joinder of a non-diverse defendant 61 2. Joinder of an in-state defendant 62 3. Joinder of a non-removing defendant 63 II. Defendant’s Response: The “Fraudulent Joinder” Claim ....... 64 A. The “No Possibility” Test 65 B. The Rule 11 Standard 67 C. The Benefit-Burden Test 69 D. The Summary Judgment Standard 71 III. Analysis 73 A. Defining One Clear Standard for Improper Joinder ........ 74 B. No Intention to Pursue 76 Conclusion 80
Enhanced CDMA cellular system using interpolated circular arrays

A spatial interpolation algorithm for the upsampling, beyond spatial aliasing, of uniform circular arrays (UCAs) is presented. Its usage at the base station of a cellular code division multiple access (CDMA) system is considered. The motivation is to improve the user-capacity and array resolution and reduce the fading and coupling effects with a minimal hardware and processing cost. To do so, the real array elements are placed farther apart than /spl lambda//2, where /spl lambda/ is the free space wavelength. This increase in aperture enhances the resolution, minimizes coupling, and provides a form of spatial diversity to combat fading. To increase the user-capacity and at the same time eliminate any spatial ambiguities, the UCA is interpolated to within the spatial Nyquist rate. This is done by placing a virtual antenna element on the imaginary circumference half way between every two real adjacent antenna elements.
Mechanical reliability assessment of 28nm Back End of Line (BEoL) stack using finite element analysis and validation

In order to address the Chip-Package Interaction (CPI) challenges at an early stage of the product development, GLOBALFOUNDRIES has developed Finite Element (FE) models to simulate the mechanical stress in Backend of Line (BEoL). This paper elaborates the methodology involved in developing a single bump simulation model to assess failure risk under mechanical loading. The paper also highlights the FE models validation by comparing the simulation results to the experimental test data.