cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Practical Side of Implementation Research

Research on the implementation of management science and information systems has been going on for the past 20 years, and articles describing it have appeared in this journal as well as others. The papers in this issue focus on how that research affects implementation practice. Three themes are highlighted: 1 things management can do to improve the chances of implementation success, 2 the effects of changing technology on implementation practice, and 3 changing views of the implementation process.
Raman scattering applied to hypersonic air flow

The Raman scattering technique was applied to measure the local static temperature and gas number density over a sharp-edge flat-plate model in a Mach 5 nozzle of the Langley nozzle test chamber with air as the test gas. The angle of attack varied from -5 to 15 deg, and the stagnation temperature varied from 317 to 442 K, with stagnation pressures ranging from 170 kN to 2.8 MN/sq m. The measured values of static temperature and density ranged from 60 to 100 K and from 0.03 to 0.8 kg/cu m, respectively. A comparison with calculated values based on static pressure measurements along the model shows that the Raman scattering technique is a viable measurement method in applications to high-speed three-dimensional flows.
Correlated Evolution of Defensive and Nutritional Traits in Native and Non-Native Plants

We performed a comparative analysis of defensive and nutritional plant traits responsible for differential herbivory in a series of experimental feeding trials with generalist herbivores. We measured three defensive traits (leaf strength, leaf mass per unit area and endophytic fungal infection) and two nutritional traits (foliar nitrogen and water) for 26 native and eight non-native plant species from coastal California shrublands. Our feeding trials involved three species of generalist herbivore (beet armyworm, cabbage looper and the garden snail) in two types of laboratory feeding trial (single plant species and preference tests). All traits were significantly related to the amount of leaf area consumed, with foliar nitrogen followed by leaf strength explaining most of the variation in herbivore damage. Defensive and nutritional traits were tightly correlated with one another. These correlations were still apparent after incorporation of the phylogenetic relationships of species using independent contrasts, suggesting that there has been repeated selection for certain trait combinations. Non-native species had lower defensive traits and greater nutrient content and therefore experienced greater herbivory damage than natives. Poorly defended, nutrient-rich species (like most of the non-natives in our study) may be better suited for rapid growth and nutrient acquisition, thus reducing the cost of replenishing leaf material lost to herbivores. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 163, 1–13.
The relationship between shift work, sleep, and cognition in career emergency physicians.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:85–91 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Abstract Objectives: The 24-hour physician coverage of the emergency department (ED) requires shift work, which can result in desynchronosis and cognitive decline. We measured changes in cognition and sleep disturbance in attending emergency physicians (EPs) before and after day and overnight shifts. Methods: Thirteen EPs were tested before and after day and overnight shifts using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), the University of Southern California Repeatable Episodic Memory Test (REMT), the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Stroop Color-Word Test. Sleep quality and fatigue were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire (CFQ). Saliva samples were collected from each physician immediately before and after day shifts and night shifts for neurohormonal assays. Results: Significantly fewer words were recalled on the REMT after both day (−2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −4.4 to −0.4) and overnight shifts (−4.6, 95% CI = −6.4 to −2.8). There was a significant postshift increase in words recalled from the last third of the REMT list after overnight shifts (6.6, 95% CI = 2.8 to 10.4). Sleep quality was worse in EPs (mean PSQI = 4.8, SD ± 2.5) compared to the normal population, with 31% of subjects reporting poor sleep quality. Postshift fatigue was correlated with the perceived difficulty of the shift. Salivary cortisol and melatonin demonstrated diurnal variation consistent with normal circadian rhythms. Morning cortisol peak was decreased or delayed in samples from physicians after a night shift. Conclusions: These data indicate that short-term memory appears to decline after day and overnight shifts and confirms the high incidence of disturbed sleep in this population.
Frequency-dependent Effects of Vibration on Physiological Systems: Experiments with Animals and other Human Surrogates

Occupational exposure to vibration through the use of power- and pneumatic hand-tools results in cold-induced vasospasms, finger blanching, and alterations in sensorineural function. Collectively, these symptoms are referred to as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Currently the International Standards Organization (ISO) standard ISO 5349-1 contains a frequency-weighting curve to help workers and employers predict the risk of developing HAVS with exposure to vibration of different frequencies. However, recent epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that this curve under-represents the risk of injuries to the hands and fingers induced by exposure to vibration at higher frequencies (>100 Hz). To improve the curve, better exposure-response data need to be collected. The goal of this review is to summarize the results of animal and computational modeling studies that have examined the frequency-dependent effects of vibration, and discuss where additional research would be beneficial to fill these research gaps.
Why Does it Cost How Much

There is great concern for the competitiveness of the aerospace industry today. This paper examines the concept of competitiveness by relating the levels of the genopersistation recursion to cost.
Aging‐dependent changes in the effect of daily melatonin supplementation on rat metabolic and behavioral responses

Pineal melatonin secretion has been reported to commonly decrease with aging, whereas intra-abdominal adiposity, plasma insulin and plasma leptin levels tend to increase. We recently demonstrated that daily melatonin administration starting at middle age suppressed male rat intra-abdominal fat, plasma leptin and plasma insulin to youthful levels, suggesting that aging-related changes in pineal melatonin secretion and in energy regulation may be functionally related. Accordingly, we have now investigated the effects of daily melatonin treatment on energy regulation in young versus middle-aged male Sprague Dawley rats. Addition of melatonin to the drinking water (0.2 microg/mL) produced nocturnal and diurnal plasma melatonin concentrations in middle-aged rats (12 months) equivalent to those of young adult (5 months) rats. Administration of this melatonin dosage every day for 10 wk starting at 10 months of age suppressed (P 0.10) any of these parameters. The melatonin administration stimulated (102%, P < 0.001) behavioral responsiveness of the middle-aged rats in a test of response to novelty, restoring youthful levels, but did not significantly alter behavioral responsiveness of the young rats. These results suggest that suppression of intra-abdominal adiposity and plasma leptin and insulin levels and stimulation of behavioral responsiveness in response to daily exogenous melatonin begins at middle age, coincident with and likely dependent upon the aging-associated decline in endogenous pineal melatonin secretion. These results further suggest that appropriate melatonin supplementation may potentially provide therapy or prophylaxis not only for the insulin resistance, increased intra-abdominal fat and resulting pathologies that occur with aging, but also for some aging-associated behavioral changes.
ATAC: a 1000-core cache-coherent processor with on-chip optical network

Based on current trends, multicore processors will have 1000 cores or more within the next decade. However, their promise of increased performance will only be realized if their inherent scaling and programming challenges are overcome. Fortunately, recent advances in nanophotonic device manufacturing are making CMOS-integrated optics a reality—interconnect technology which can provide significantly more bandwidth at lower power than conventional electrical signaling. Optical interconnect has the potential to enable massive scaling and preserve familiar programming models in future multicore chips. This paper presents ATAC, a new multicore architecture with integrated optics, and ACKwise, a novel cache coherence protocol designed to leverage ATAC's strengths. ATAC uses nanophotonic technology to implement a fast, efficient global broadcast network which helps address a number of the challenges that future multicores will face. ACKwise is a new directory-based cache coherence protocol that uses this broadcast mechanism to provide high performance and scalability. Based on 64-core and 1024-core simulations with Splash2, Parsec, and synthetic benchmarks, we show that ATAC with ACKwise out-performs a chip with conventional interconnect and cache coherence protocols. On 1024-core evaluations, ACKwise protocol on ATAC outperforms the best conventional cache coherence protocol on an electrical mesh network by 2.5x with Splash2 benchmarks and by 61% with synthetic benchmarks.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans Isolated from Patients with Endocarditis

Forty-one strains of Streptococcus mutans (34 from blood specimens from patients with endocarditis and 7 from stock cultures) were tested for susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, erythromycin, cephalothin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, gentamicin, streptomycin, and kanamycin. Minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were determined by a broth microdilution procedure. Most of the strains were very susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin, and erythromycin, with most strains having minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.08 mug/ml or less. Most of the strains were also susceptible to cephalothin, methicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and vancomycin. Gentamicin was the most effective aminoglycoside. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are similar to those of other viridans streptococci. S. mutans strains have proven to be difficult for some microbiologists to identify. But when organisms suggesting S. mutans are isolated from patients with endocarditis, they should be at least identified as nonenterococcal streptococci so that appropriate therapy can be initiated.
The Impact of the San Diego Wildfires on a General Mental Health Population Residing in Evacuation Areas

San Diego County Mental Health system clients completed a questionnaire after the October 2007 wildfires. As compared to those not in an evacuation area, those residing in an evacuation area reported significantly more impact of the fires. Clients who evacuated were most affected, followed by those in an evacuation area who did not evacuate. Evacuation strongly impacted client-reported emotional effects of the fire, confusion about whether to evacuate, and ability to obtain medications. Gender and clinical diagnosis interacted with evacuation status for some fire impact variables. Loss of control and disruption of routine are discussed as possibly related factors.
Copy Number Alterations among Mammalian Enzymes Cluster in the Metabolic Network

Using two high-quality human metabolic networks, we employed comparative genomics techniques to infer metabolic network structures for seven other mammals. We then studied copy number alterations (CNAs) in these networks. Using a graph-theoretic approach, we show that the pattern of CNAs is distinctly different from the random distributions expected under genetic drift. Instead, we find that changes in copy number are most common among transporter genes and that the CNAs differ depending on the mammalian lineage in question. Thus, we find an excess of transporter genes in cattle involved in the milk production, secretion, and regulation. These results suggest a potential role for dosage selection in the evolution of mammalian metabolic networks.
Application of a whole-body pharmacokinetic model for targeted radionuclide therapy to NM404 and FLT.

We have previously developed a model that provides relative dosimetry estimates for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) agents. The whole-body and tumor pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of this model can be noninvasively measured with molecular imaging, providing a means of comparing potential TRT agents. Parameter sensitivities and noise will affect the accuracy and precision of the estimated PK values and hence dosimetry estimates. The aim of this work is to apply a PK model for TRT to two agents with different magnitudes of clearance rates, NM404 and FLT, explore parameter sensitivity with respect to time and investigate the effect of noise on parameter precision and accuracy. Twenty-three tumor bearing mice were injected with a ‘slow-clearing’ agent, 124 I-NM404 (n = 10), or a ‘fast-clearing’ agent, 18 FFLT (3 � -deoxy-3 � -fluorothymidine) (n = 13) and imaged via micro-PET/CT pseudo-dynamically or dynamically, respectively. Regions of interest were drawn within the heart and tumor to create time-concentration curves for blood pool and tumor. PK analysis was performed to estimate the mean and standard error of the central compartment efflux-to-influx ratio (k12/k21), central elimination rate constant (kel), and tumor influx-to-efflux ratio (k34/k43), as well as the mean and standard deviation of the dosimetry estimates. NM404 and FLT parameter estimation results were used to analyze model accuracy and parameter sensitivity. The accuracy of the experimental sampling schedule
Spreading Chaos: The Role of Popularizations in the Diffusion of Scientific Ideas.

Scientific popularizations are generally considered translations (often dubious ones) of scientific research for a lay audience. This study explores the role popularizations play within scientific ...
GENETIC AND CYTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE PHENOMENA OF PRIMARY NON-DISJUNCTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

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High-resolution imaging technique for aperture-array dynamic sensing systems

Much of the research in imaging technology has been limited to creating three-dimensional images of static source distributions, by employing one of several common coherent illumination signals. The field of computer vision has been concerned more with dynamic source distributions, but has focused almost exclusively on the use of incoherent illumination in the infrared or visible ranges. The use of an incoherent source signal requires two cameras in a stereo configuration to provide range information, while coherent systems need only measure the complex wavefield with a single receiver array. The imaging technique presented in the present paper provides a means to bridge these two technical fields by providing a method to create dynamic images from aperture-array sensing systems. The imaging systems area will gain applications in medicine, target tracking, and trajectory prediction, and computer vision can benefit from the use of radar, sonar, or other scattering illumination signals. >
Patterns of Mother-Infant Interaction and Attachment: A Cluster-Analytic Approach

This study examined stability and change in patterns of mother-infant interaction between 5 and 10 months and their relation to attachment security at 18 months. Cluster analysis was used to identify patterns of dyadic interaction. There was significant, but not substantial, stability in cluster membership from 5 to 10 months. For females, being in the most optimal cluster at 5 months related to subsequent attachment security, regardless of the 10-month pattern of interaction. For males, who were significantly more likely to be insecure than females, insecure attachment was predicted by negative change from 5 to 10 months (moving from a more optimal to a less optimal cluster).
CTLA-4 Down-Regulates the Protective Anticryptococcal Cell-Mediated Immune Response

Cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses defined by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity to cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (CneF) can be either protective or nonprotective against an infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. The protective and nonprotective anticryptococcal DTH responses are induced by different immunogens and have differing activated-T-cell profiles. This study examined the effects of blockade of the interaction between cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and its ligands B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) on the anticryptococcal DTH responses and protection. We found that CTLA-4 blockade at the time of immunization with the immunogen that induces the protective response, CneF, in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or the immunogen that induces the nonprotective response, heat-killed cryptococcal cells (HKC), enhanced anticryptococcal DTH reactivity. In contrast, blocking CTLA-4 after the immune response was induced failed to enhance responses. Blockade of CTLA-4 in an infection model resulted in earlier development of the anticryptococcal CMI response than in control mice. Concomitant with increases in DTH reactivity in mice treated with anti-CTLA-4 Fab fragments at the time of immunization, there were decreases in cryptococcal CFU in lungs, spleens, and brains compared to controls. Blockade of CTLA-4 resulted in long-term protection, as measured by significantly increased survival times, only in mice given the protective immunogen, CneF-CFA. Anti-CTLA-4 treatment did not shift the response induced by the nonprotective immunogen, HKC, to a long-term protective one. Our data indicate that blockade of CTLA-4 interactions with its ligands may be useful in enhancing host defenses against C. neoformans.
A family of hybrid neural networks

The focus of this study is on a family of hybrid architectures for feed-forward multi-layer neural networks and issues that arise in their design. The main objective in the design of this family has been to reduce the complexity of hardware, and hence make possible the implementation of larger networks for practical applications, by two main ideas: trading time for circuit complexity by a multiplexing scheme and a modular characteristic that allows multi-chip realizations without a prohibitive number of interconnections. In this paper, we propose to bring the various forms of this architecture together, which are at this time scattered in the literature. After presenting the main points in its operation, we will proceed to permutations and trade-offs, some of which have not been published in accessible literature so far. We start with the introduction of the basic architecture. We then present modifications and discuss some I/O issues. Matching neural transfer characteristics is important to the performance of the system and we address this problem with a set of second order improvements. Another version of the architecture, with external weight memory, is introduced which allows interaction with a host computer, and finally, a pipelined version of the architecture is presented that improves system speed with a small increment in overall complexity.
Patterns of diabetic eye care by primary care physicians in the state of Indiana.

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of new blindness in the 20 to 74-age group in the United States. The American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) have recommended guidelines for eye examination to assist primary care physicians in managing these patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate the patterns of diabetic eye care offered by primary care physicians in the State of Indiana. A survey questionnaire was sent to 1279 primary care physicians in central Indiana. Of those surveyed, 259 (20%) responded. Thirty-five percent of respondents stated that they never refer patients for ocular examination while 26% refer all patients. The remainder refer on a case-by-case basis. Patients who are not referred have their fundus examined only 70% of the time by the primary care physician and 96% of these examinations are performed with an undilated pupil. When referred, 20% of Type 1 patients are referred at the time of diagnosis and 50% by one year. Of the Type ...
A “joke-filled romp” through end times: Radical environmentalism, deep ecology, and human extinction in Margaret Atwood’s eco-apocalyptic MaddAddam trilogy:

Canadian writer Margaret Atwood has spent years thinking and writing about the existential threat humanity now confronts in an era of an exponential growth in the global human population, accelerat...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Provides New Constraints on Theories of the Psychological Refractory Period

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the psychological refractory period (PRP), the delay in the response to the second of two tasks occurring in immediate succession. Our results were consistent with prior work on the PRP in that when two visual-manual tasks were presented within 100 ms of each other, the second response was delayed on the order of 500 ms, compared with when the two tasks were separated by 1,500 ms. Surprisingly, in brain regions postulated to be important for executive functions, there was virtually no increase in brain activation in the short-interval compared with the long-interval condition. These data suggest that passive queuing, rather than active monitoring, occurs during the PRP.
Effects of Values and Personality on Demand for Organic Produce

Personality and human values have shown effects on consumer preferences and willingness to pay. This paper analyzes simultaneously the impact of human values and personality on the demand for organic tomatoes applying open-ended choice experiments. Results show that consumers make a distinction between conventional and organic tomatoes, such that human values have a differential impact with regard to predicting demand for products associated with organic labels. Consumers with strong individualistic domains of hedonism and stimulation are more likely to have a higher demand for organic, the same holds for consumers with the strong collectivist domain conformity, and those values that regard both (security and universalism). Also, consumers distinguish between conventional and organic tomatoes, such that personality has a differential impact with regard to predicting demand for organic products. The more agreeable the consumer, the higher the demand for organic tomatoes. In addition, results indicate that when modeled simultaneously, values are more stable in affecting demand compared to effects resulting from personality. Overall, results indicate that human values and personality are able to explain a portion of the variability of demand.
Export Composition and Economic Growth in Sub- Saharan Africa: A Panel Analysis

This paper was guided by the hypothesis that it is not exports per se that matter, but different export components influence growth differently. We considered a sample of 35 sub-Sahara African countries based on availability of data on the key variables. Aggregate data were obtained from the most recent World Bank‟s World Development Indicators and International Monetary Fund‟s International Finance Statistics online facilities. Disaggregated data on exports and imports were obtained from the United Nation‟s Statistical Database under Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) Revision 4. The Generalized Methods of Moments estimator was employed during the analysis. We find that it is the growth in agricultural exports, and not manufactured exports, that is significantly associated with per capita income growth in our sample. These countries should adopt policies that increase agricultural exports in the medium term as they design strategies for increasing manufactured exports in the long term. Other factors significantly influencing growth are gross capital formation, capital goods imports, infrastructure, government consumption, and inflation rate, political systems and governance, and education. Author’s Note Edward Bbaale is a Visiting Fellow at the Centre for Global Development in Washington D.C. He obtained a PhD in Economics from the University of LinzAustria in 2008. His research interests include health care services and outcomes for women and children. John Mutenyo is a Research Fellow at the Africa Growth Initiative at the Brookings Institute Washington DC. Prior to that, he was a Visiting Scholar at the IMF in Washington DC and a Lecturer of Economics at Makerere University Kampala Uganda. He holds a PhD from University of Dar es Salaam Tanzania. His Research interests include but are not limited to Investment and Growth.
Event Related Potentials in Development, Aging and Dementia

An abnormal response to sensory information can result from deficits in sensory transmission, cognitive processing or response production. Recently it has become feasible to comprehensively evaluate sensory transmission using event related potentials (ERPs). With ERP techniques the functioning of the afferent pathways can now be reliably determined, and lesions in the pathways can, in many instances, be precisely localized (see Starr, 1978 for review). Among neurological patients, however, the problem often lies at one of the two remaining stages about which ERP procedures currently in clinical use provide little information. Among these patients, differentiating those with real deficits in cognitive function from those who are unable to interact with the examiner due to motor or language deficits, or who are unwilling to cooperate, is often a difficult and subjective task. Direct recording of brain activity in the form of ERPs is one way to overcome such obstacles of communication and cooperation since it requires no overt response on the part of the patient and only a modicum of cooperation. Also, since certain “endogenous” components of the ERP have been unequivocally associated with cognitive activity in a wide variety of studies (see Donchin et al., in press, and Tueting, in press, for reviews), it is now possible to unobtrusively monitor cognitive activity as well as sensory function. The purpose of the studies described here was to determine the feasibility of utilizing the endogenous components of the ERP as an objective measure of mental function in neurological diseases which produce cognitive deficits.
Transfusion-Associated Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most severe manifestation of infection with a newly recognized retrovirus known as HTLV-III/LAV (human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus). Persons with AIDS have a severe disorder of the immune system that renders them susceptible to a number of opportunistic infections and cancers. Over 80% die within 2 years of diagnosis. Thousands of people have developed AIDS. Most are homosexual/bisexual men or intravenous drug users in the United States or highly sexually active heterosexuals in central Africa or Haiti. Many countries, however, are reporting rapid increases in the number of cases. A small proportion of AIDS patients have been infected by contaminated clotting-factor concentrates or by blood transfusions. Although AIDS is a rare complication of blood transfusions, it has evoked more fear of transfusions than other more common infectious agents.
On Remarkable Points of Curves

(1912). On Remarkable Points of Curves. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 27-28.
Facilitating L2 Writers' Interpretation of Source Texts

Student success in higher education often involves the effective integration of source texts into students' writing (Horowitz, 1986); therefore, advanced second language (L2) students are particularly well served by effective reading-to-write instruction. Teaching L2 students to write from sources is challenging because of several issues, including limited practice with reading-to-write tasks and limited knowledge about the organizational structure (at many levels) of the texts they are reading and those they are expected to write (Ferris, 2009; Grabe & Zhang, 2013). In this pedagogical article the researchers present key reading-to-write instructional interventions that have been refined over eight semesters of university-level L2 writing instruction. The interventions promote reading-to-write development by moving from comprehension of source materials to a focus on students' capacities to interpret (i.e., summarize and paraphrase) source texts (Spivey, 1990). To provide an overview of the interventions, the authors first describe the curricular sequencing. Next, three lessons targeting specific focal skills are presented to provide instructors with readily adaptable activities and materials. Finally, general tips for successful summary and paraphrasing instruction are discussed. Appendices include samples of assignments and student work.
Breeding and Utilization of Indica CMS Line Teng 2A in Rice

Teng 2A is a new indica CMS line in rice,which is developed by China Seed Mianyang Rice Seed Co.Ltd. through testcrossing K17 A to the single plants selected from the F4 population of the cross between Gang 46 B and Zhong 9B followed by successive backcrossing over years. In August,2011,it was technically identified by Sichuan Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee. Teng 2A is characteristic of complete pollen sterility and high outcrossing rate as well as good plant type,high combining ability and good grain quality. Its hybrids perform well in integrated agronomic characters,grain quality and yielding potential. Among them,Tengyou 527( Teng 2A /Shuhui 527) was registered and released for commercial production in 2012 in Yunnan Province.
Estradiol stimulates glycogen synthesis whereas progesterone promotes glycogen catabolism in the uterus of the American mink (Neovison vison).

Glycogen synthesis by mink uterine glandular and luminal epithelia (GE and LE) is stimulated by estradiol (E2 ) during estrus. Subsequently, the glycogen deposits are mobilized to near completion to meet the energy requirements of pre-embryonic development and implantation by as yet undetermined mechanisms. We hypothesized that progesterone (P4 ) was responsible for catabolism of uterine glycogen reserves as one of its actions to ensure reproductive success. Mink were treated with E2 , P4 or vehicle (controls) for 3 days and uteri collected 24 h (E2 , P4 and vehicle) and 96 h (E2 ) later. To evaluate E2 priming, mink were treated with E2 for 3 days, then P4 for an additional 3 days (E2 →P4 ) and uteri collected 24 h later. Percent glycogen content of uterine epithelia was greater at E2 + 96 h (GE = 5.71 ± 0.55; LE = 11.54 ± 2.32) than E2 +24 h (GE = 3.63 ± 0.71; LE = 2.82 ± 1.03), and both were higher than controls (GE = 0.27 ± 0.15; LE = 0.54 ± 0.30; P < 0.05). Treatment as E2 →P4 reduced glycogen content (GE = 0.61 ± 0.16; LE = 0.51 ± 0.13), to levels not different from controls, while concomitantly increasing catabolic enzyme (glycogen phosphorylase m and glucose-6-phosphatase) gene expression and amount of phospho-glycogen synthase protein (inactive) in uterine homogenates. Interestingly, E2 →P4 increased glycogen synthase 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and hexokinase 1mRNA and protein. Our findings suggest to us that while E2 promotes glycogen accumulation by the mink uterus during estrus and pregnancy, it is P4 that induces uterine glycogen catabolism, releasing the glucose that is essential to support pre-embryonic survival and implantation.
Analysis on design of the filament-wound conical case

Based on the netting theory for the filament-wound structure,the balanced equation of the filament-wound conical case under internal pressure was derived.The analytical solution of fiber stress,thickness and equalization wound angle were obtained by solving the balanced equation.For spiral direction plus circumference direction winding,fiber thickness and equalization wound angle of the conical case can increase,and fiber stress can decrease gradually from big-end to small-end of the conical case.The calculation formulae of burst pressure of the conical case with spiral direction plus circumference direction winding as well as with single spiral direction winding were obtained by means of the maximum stress criterion.In order to make calculated results coincide with actual results,the developed fiber strength must be determined by the simulation test.
EMEA's consideration on strategy and design of clinical trials for new antibacterial agent

Design is the key point of clinical trials.This article is to introduce EMEA's(European Medicines Agency,EMEA)consideration on strategy and design of clinical trials for new antibacterial agent,hoping to give some reference to design and evaluation of clinical trials for new antibacterial agent in China.
Relationships among moral distress, sense of coherence, and job satisfaction.

Background:Since moral distress affects psychological aspects of psychiatric nurses, it is an important theme. Previous studies showed relationships between moral distress and job satisfaction; however, there are few studies which investigate relationships between moral distress and other effective variables and then we highlighted relationships among these variables.Objective:This study aimed to (1) examine relationships among moral distress, sense of coherence, mental health, and job satisfaction and (2) clarify the most predictive variable to job satisfaction.Research design:This study is a cross-sectional study. Participants were 130 psychiatric nurses in a hospital in Japan. They completed the Moral Distress Scale for Psychiatric nurses (Unethical conduct, Low staffing, and Acquiescence to patients’ rights violations), the sense of coherence scale (Comprehensibility, Manageability, and Meaning), the General Health Questionnaire, and the Job Satisfaction scale.Ethical consideration:This study was appr...
Abstract 2310: Loss of 14-3-3zeta attenuates miR-126 expression and results in neonatal lethality

The 14-3-3zeta protein, a member of the 14-3-3 family regulates multiple cellular processes during development and genomic amplification of 14-3-3zeta is observed in multiple cancers. To dissect the in vivo function of 14-3-3zeta in development and in cancer, we generated a 14-3-3zeta knockout (14-3-3zeta-/-) mouse model. Targeted deletion of 14-3-3zeta in the C57Bl/6 murine genetic background led to neonatal lethality due to respiratory distress and could be rescued by out-breeding to the CD-1 or backcrossing to the FVB/NJ congenic background. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2310. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2310
Thinking Styles and Intercultural Competencies

The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate specific strategies to deconstruct dichotomous, hierarchical, and linear thinking styles and to develop holistic thinking. Developing holistic thinking is the foundation of increasing intercultural competencies for students, faculty, managers, and CEOs. Holistic thinking style allows us to view the world from both Western (linear) and Eastern (non-linear) perspectives. Participants were 35 students (23 American and 12 South Korean students) in an intercultural competence course at a State College in the US. The study found that it is possible for Westerns to increase non-linearity (holistic thinking) by completing specific repetitious reflective writing on a regular basis without censoring. Limitations of the study were the small sample size (N=35) and the short duration (3 months).
Applications of Continuous-Time Stochastic Methods to General Equilibrium Endogenous Growth Models

Abstract This paper develops a continuous-time general equilibrium stochastic growth model After deriving the equilibrium, the model is used to analyze the determinants of the equilibrium growth rate. Equilibrium asset pricing and optimal tax issues are also considered. The paper concludes by indicating how the analysis can be extended to include: (i) money, (ii) adjustment costs in investment; (iii) utility-enhancing and productive government expenditure; (iv) applications to international economics.
Development of a smartphone-based pulse oximeter with adaptive SNR/power balancing

Millions worldwide suffer from diseases that exhibit early warnings signs that can be detected by standard clinical-grade diagnostic tools. Unfortunately, such tools are often prohibitively expensive to the developing world leading to inadequate healthcare and high mortality rates. To address this problem, a smartphone-based pulse oximeter is presented that interfaces with the phone through the audio jack, enabling point-of-care measurements of heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ). The device is designed to utilize existing phone resources (e.g., the processor, battery, and memory) resulting in a more portable and inexpensive diagnostic tool than standalone equivalents. By adaptively tuning the LED driving signal, the device is less dependent on phone-specific audio jack properties than prior audio jack-based work making it universally compatible with all smartphones. We demonstrate that the pulse oximeter can adaptively optimize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) within the power constraints of a mobile phone ( 2 error < 3.7%) against a clinical grade instrument.
The Strategic Use of Pensions by Not-for-profit Organizations

Defined benefit pension plans are an important and unexplored aspect of not-for-profit compensation, covering between 15% and 21% of the estimated national not-for-profit workforce. Here we consider whether pension contributions and actuarial assumptions are mechanisms for achieving not-for-profit financial management objectives such as smoothing consumption, managing reported net earnings, and minimizing pension liabilities. The empirical results indicate a variety of these behaviors. Not-for-profit pension plan sponsors use accumulated net assets to smooth consumption. Further, not-for-profits manage reported profits downwards when they exceed expectations by increasing pension contributions, but both minimize contributions and liberalize actuarial assumptions when they underperform relative to their desired earnings targets.
Strengthening School-Counseling Interventions

Once a school district has decided to implement comprehensive school-based mental health services, the goal is to tackle this effort following best practices. However, some schools and school districts are not yet ready to tackle this effort and may want instead to review what they are doing, move more slowly, and make improvements in what is already in place. There are a number of ways to approach either task, and both will require some to a great deal of change in a school. Change is not easy in any system. Both approaches are considered.
Geometry Detected by a Finite Part of the Spectrum

It is well known that although the spectrum of a manifold does not, in general, determine the geometry of the manifold, various geometric invariants such as volume and dimension are in fact determined. One of the goals of finite spectral geometry is to study, in an exact way, how information about these invariants is revealed by only a finite part of the spectrum. One is reminded of the fact that geometric detail about an optically detected object cannot be determined to a greater extent than the wavelength of the impinging radiation allows. Shorter wavelengths potentially reveal greater detail. This situation is studied in scattering theory and differs in many ways from the case of trying to use a finite part of the Laplace spectrum to gain geometric information about a manifold, but the general notion that access to higher eigenvalues (in analogy to shorter wavelengths) should give more geometric information still holds. The question is: what geometry can we expect to be missed due to not having information about the high end of the spectrum? If one where trying to estimate the area of a (microscopic) planar region via some kind of pixel counting, then the estimate can only be expected to be reasonable if one knew, a priori, that the region did not include something like a haze of thin tentacles extending beyond some central region (or some other complexity near the boundary). But this is exactly where the analogy with hearing the volume via the Laplace spectrum breaks down since a long thin tenticle, being similar to a long string, may indeed have a major effect on the smaller eigenvalues of the region and so cannot on principle be expected to escape detection. The question is: what aspects of a manifold can be expected to interfere with the finite spectral detection of a given geometric invariant such as volume?
Near and far-field hazards of asteroid impacts in oceans

Abstract Hazards resulting from asteroid ocean impacts were modelled using hydrocode simulations to examine the near-field effects including the initial formation and subsequent long range propagation of tsunami waves that can transport potentially damaging energy far from the impact site. Three-dimensional simulations of oblique impacts into deep water, with trajectory angles ranging from 27° to 60° above the horizontal, were performed with the Los Alamos Rage hydrocode. The simulations include atmospheric effects such as ablation and airbursts. These oblique impact simulations are performed in order to help determine whether there are additional dangers due to the obliquity of impact not covered by previous studies. The energy transferred to both the air blast wave and the water are calculated as well as the amount of sea water lofted into the upper atmosphere. Water crater sizes and subsequent surface elevation profiles, surface pressures, and depth-averaged mass fluxes within the water are prepared for use in far-field propagation studies. Like previous three-dimensional simulations, these simulations show that except at exceedingly shallow entry angles below those simulated here the resulting waves are roughly circular and that the initial waves and central jet oscillation are highly turbulent and dissipate a lot of the energy. Two-dimensional axisymmetric simulations of long range propagation of impact tsunami were performed using the Lawrence Livermore ALE3D hydrocode on the NASA Pleiades supercomputer. These simulations showed that impacts under 1 gigaton TNT equivalent into the deep ocean basins will create deep-water waves that undergo dispersion, whereas impacts onto continental shelves will create shallow-water waves that do not suffer dispersion. The simulations also showed that on the order of 1% of the kinetic energy of the impact is converted into the tsunami wave. This is an order of magnitude less than previous semi-empirical estimates of ∼15% based on explosion test data and laboratory scale impacts.
SYSTEMATIC ASSESSMENT OF GERIATRIC ELEMENTS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: NOVEL EXAM USING TECHNOLOGY (SAGE-NEXT)

The SAGE-AF study is an ongoing NHLBI-funded observational study of older adults with AF who are enrolled in the context of a regularly scheduled clinic visit and undergo a comprehensive geriatric examination, including assessments of cognition and physical function. This pilot study proposes to test the validity, feasibility, and acceptability of a cognitive self-assessment using Defense Automatied Neurobehavioral Assessment (DANA) and a wrist-based mHealth device (FitBit Charge) among SAGE-AF participants. This is a collaborative effort between an established researcher (Saczysnki, Pharmaceutical Sciences) with a junior faculty member (Ramdin, Nursing).
Antiretroviral Concentration in Hair as a Measure for Antiretroviral Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review of Global Literature.

This review aims to validate hair antiretroviral concentration (HAC) as a measure for antiretroviral medication adherence. This review included 31 studies that analyzed a total of 11 ARV drugs in four different drug classes. The associations between HAC and non-pharmacokinetic measures were generally lower than the association between HAC and other pharmacokinetic measures: the correlation coefficients (r) ranged from − 0.20 to 0.38 for self-report or pill counts and 0.20 to 0.85 for electronic drug monitoring; HAC and other pharmacokinetic measures were positively correlated with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.20 to 0.72, 0.34 to 0.86, 0.50 to 0.85 for antiretroviral concentration in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and dried blood spots, respectively. HAC was one of the strongest independent predictors of virologic responses. HAC of tenofovir was significantly associated with renal toxicity in large sample studies. This review suggests that HAC is a valid biomarker of antiretroviral medication adherence.
Role of Precision Medicine in Patients with CNS Metastasis

Brain metastases are associated with poor prognosis, due to significant neurologic morbidity and current lack of a durable central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy. Consequently, brain metastases are a critical unmet need, as the incidence is rising as treatment for systemic cancer improves. One recent breakthrough for brain metastases has been the recognition of spatial and temporal genomic heterogeneity across different metastatic sites. Recent genomic analyses have demonstrated the presence of actionable driver mutations within brain metastases not present in the paired primary tumors. This genomic heterogeneity likely contributes to the clinically observed divergent response seen with intracranial and extracranial disease burden. Another promising development has been the advent of next-generation targeted agents and immunotherapies, which have demonstrated improved tolerability and promising response rates for CNS disease. In this review, we discuss and highlight current noninvasive efforts to obtain genomic information, known genomic drivers of disease, and opportunities for targeted therapies for brain metastases.
Residual force enhancement due to active muscle lengthening allows similar reductions in neuromuscular activation during position- and force-control tasks.

Abstract Background Residual torque enhancement (rTE) is the increase in torque observed during the isometric steady state following active muscle lengthening when compared with a fixed-end isometric contraction at the same muscle length and level of neuromuscular activation. In the rTE state, owing to an elevated contribution of passive force to total force production, less active force is required, and there is a subsequent reduction in activation. In vivo studies of rTE reporting an activation reduction are often performed using a dynamometer, where participants contract against a rigid restraint, resisting a torque motor. rTE has yet to be investigated during a position task, which involves the displacement of an inertial load with positional control. Methods A total of 12 participants (6 males, 6 females; age = 22.8 ± 1.1 years, height = 174.7 ± 8.6 cm, mass = 82.1 ± 37.7 kg; mean ± SD) completed torque- and position-matching tasks at 60% maximum voluntary contraction for a fixed-end isometric contraction and an isometric contraction following active lengthening of the ankle dorsiflexors. Results There were no significant differences in activation between torque- and position-matching tasks (p = 0.743), with ∼27% activation reduction following active lengthening for both task types (p Conclusion These results indicate that rTE is a feature of voluntary, position-controlled contractions. These findings support and extend previous findings of isometric torque-control conditions to position-controlled contractions that represent different tasks of daily living.