cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
\Structural geology of the Rub' Al‐Khali Basin, Saudi Arabia

The Rub' Al-Khali basin lies below a Quaternary sand sea, and the structural evolution from the Late Precambrian to Neogene is known only from reflection seismic, gravity, and magnetic data, and wells. Gravity and magnetic data show north-south and northwest-southeast trends, matching mapped Precambrian faults. The deepest structures imaged on reflection seismic data are undrilled Precambrian rifts filled with layered strata at depths up to 13 km. The distribution of Ediacaran-Cambrian Ara/Hormuz mobile salt is restricted to an embayment in the eastern Rub' Al-Khali. The Precambrian rifts show local inversion and were peneplained at base Phanerozoic. A broad crustal-scale fold (Qatar Arch) developed in the Carboniferous and amplified in the Late Triassic, separating subbasins in the west and east Rub' Al-Khali. A phase of kilometer-scale folding occurred in the Late Cretaceous, coeval with thrusting and ophiolite obduction in eastern Oman. These folds trend predominantly north-south, oblique to the northwesterly shortening direction, and occasionally have steep fault zones close to their axial surfaces. The trend and location of these folds closely matches the Precambrian lineaments identified in this study, demonstrating preferential reactivation of basement structures. Compression along the Zagros suture reactivated these folds in the Neogene, this time the result of highly oblique, north-northeast to south-southwest shortening. Cretaceous-Tertiary fold style is interpreted as transpression with minor strain partitioning. Permian, Jurassic, and Eocene evaporite horizons played no role in the structural evolution of the basin, but the Eocene evaporites caused widespread kilometer-scale dissolution collapse structures in the basin center.
Demands and Devotion: Cultural Meanings of Work and Overload Among Women Researchers and Professionals in Science and Technology Industries

How do cultural meanings influence how people experience work-life demands? Much research, especially quantitative research, on the effects of structural work and family conditions does not account for employees’ cultural beliefs about the meaning of work in their lives. This article uses unique survey data to investigate the effects of employee embrace of elements of the “work devotion schema”—a cultural model that valorizes intense career commitment and organizational dedication—on their sense of “overload,” an experience that includes feeling exhausted and overloaded by all one's roles, net of actual hours on the paid job and family responsibilities. We argue that by cognitively, morally, and emotionally framing work as a valued end, the work devotion schema reduces feelings of overload. Using a case of senior women researchers and professional service providers in science and technology industries, we find that those who embrace work devotion feel less overloaded than those who reject it, net of work and family conditions. However, this effect is curtailed for mothers of young and school-aged children. We end by discussing implications for flexibility stigma and gender inequality.
An informatics-based approach to reducing heart failure all-cause readmissions: the Stanford heart failure dashboard.

Background Reduction of 30-day all-cause readmissions for heart failure (HF) has become an important quality-of-care metric for health care systems. Many hospitals have implemented quality improvement programs designed to reduce 30-day all-cause readmissions for HF. Electronic medical record (EMR)-based measures have been employed to aid in these efforts, but their use has been largely adjunctive to, rather than integrated with, the overall effort. Objectives We hypothesized that a comprehensive EMR-based approach utilizing an HF dashboard in addition to an established HF readmission reduction program would further reduce 30-day all-cause index hospital readmission rates for HF. Methods After establishing a quality improvement program to reduce 30-day HF readmission rates, we instituted EMR-based measures designed to improve cohort identification, intervention tracking, and readmission analysis, the latter 2 supported by an electronic HF dashboard. Our primary outcome measure was the 30-day index hospital readmission rate for HF, with secondary measures including the accuracy of identification of patients with HF and the percentage of patients receiving interventions designed to reduce all-cause readmissions for HF. Results The HF dashboard facilitated improved penetration of our interventions and reduced readmission rates by allowing the clinical team to easily identify cohorts with high readmission rates and/or low intervention rates. We significantly reduced 30-day index hospital all-cause HF readmission rates from 18.2% at baseline to 14% after implementation of our quality improvement program ( P = .045). Implementation of our EMR-based approach further significantly reduced 30-day index hospital readmission rates for HF to 10.1% ( P for trend = .0001). Daily time to screen patients decreased from 1 hour to 15 minutes, accuracy of cohort identification improved from 83% to 94.6% ( P = .0001), and the percentage of patients receiving our interventions, such as patient education, also improved significantly from 22% to 100% over time ( P < .0001). Conclusions In an institution with a quality improvement program already in place to reduce 30-day readmission rates for HF, an EMR-based approach further significantly reduced 30-day index hospital readmission rates.
A correlation for particle velocities in pneumatic conveying

Abstract The particle velocity data to develop a correlation for predicting the particle velocity as a function of experimental parameters and physical properties of the solids were obtained from electrostatic signals generated in pneumatic conveying of solids through a non-conductive section of piping in our laboratory. The cross-correlation of two signals was used as the measurement technique. Three different data sets under a wide spectrum of conditions were employed in the analysis. Comparison of the correlations developed was made with a recent correlation developed using data obtained by the use of high speed video camera on single particles. In comparing these correlations a single unifying correlation was elusive. The data obtained for the cross-correlations included data that was taken on a system operating up to 40 bars of pressure. This particle velocity data remained unique in the analysis.
A model of online collaboration for knowledge production

Large scale collaboration is a fundamental characteristic of human society, and has recently manifested in the development and proliferation of online communities. These virtual social spaces provide an opportunity to explore large scale collaborations as natural experiments in which determinants of success can be tested. In order to do this, we first review previous work on meddling online communities to build an understanding of how these communities function. Having thus identified the operating mechanisms inherent in online communities, we propose a population ecology model of online communities that seeks to explain a number of statistical patterns from a selection of such communities.
Designing Neuronal Optical Voltage-Sensing Probes using Artificial Proteins

Communication between neurons in neuronal networks is associated with changes in neuronal membrane potentials. The ability to image these changes on sub-ms timescales is vital for better understanding of inter-neuronal connections. Inorganic probes have been developed for this purpose and proved to be fast enough to detect neuronal action potentials with sufficient time resolution. However, these probes non-selectively partition into membranes other than plasma membranes and they cannot be targeted to specific cells. Protein-based optical voltage-sensing probes can address this problem, but current genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) lack behind the inorganic probes in speed and amplitude. Here, we present the design and characterization of new sensors that are based on artificial proteins (maquettes). These artificial membrane maquettes contain four membrane-spanning α-helices that are linked into a single protein chain and form electron transfer chain across a lipid bilayer. To facilitate in vitro characterization, they have been expressed in high yields in inclusion bodies of E. coli, purified and refolded in charged and uncharged detergent micelles, as well as in lipid vesicles. Circular dichroism studies revealed 70% α-helicity in SDS and no melting in high temperatures and common denaturants, indicating their strong structural stability. The maquettes assemble in different membrane environments and bind 3 hemes upon assembly in vesicles (two hemes strongly with 150 nM affinity and third one more weakly with kd ∼ 1 µM). The redox midpoint potentials of the three hemes at pH=8.0 are −38, −150, and −203 mV, suggesting that they will be in mixed oxidation states when incorporated in resting plasma membranes. We are currently conjugating these maquettes with fluorescent proteins and nanoparticles to enable fast electron and energy transfers that will lead to strong fluorescent signals deltaF/F as a function of transmembrane voltage.
The Application of Universal Jurisdiction in the Fight against Impunity

Most international lawyers and liberal internationalists agree that universal jurisdiction exists, but everyone has a different understanding of what it means. Enormous amounts of time and resources have been expended over the last two decades by learned bodies, intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations to ‘study and clarify’ the principle of universal jurisdiction. Even more resources have been expended to put it into practice. Yet to this day, less than two dozen trials have been conducted on the basis of universal jurisdiction, all but one in Western Europe. Thus after twenty years of ‘fighting impunity’ for gross human rights violations through universal jurisdiction, the results are meagre at best and far from ‘universal’ in any meaningful sense. This study examines not only what went wrong and why, but also which role, if any, the European Union (EU) can play to improve the principle’s application amongst EU Member States and third countries.
A Heuristic for environmental values and ethics, and a psychometric instrument to measure adult environmental ethics and willingness to protect the environment

Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University.
Trajectories of Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors in Preterm Children Admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Objective To examine the trajectories of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems of preterm children between 16 months and 6 years of age and predictors of trajectories, including gestational age, child dysregulation, maternal depression, socioeconomic status, and parenting. Study design This longitudinal study followed 148 children and their mothers from neonatal intensive care unit discharge until 6 years of age. Gestational ages ranged from 23 to 36 weeks. The study included assessment of maternal-reported behavior problems, maternal depression, neonatal and socioeconomic characteristics, and observations of dysregulated behavior and parenting. Trajectories were identified with a semiparametric group-based analytic method, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors. Results Three distinct trajectories for preterm children were found for both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. For the 2 groups with greater behavior problems (groups 1 and 2), trajectories reached their peak between 24 and 36 months of age, then leveled off or decreased. Group 3 showed a stable low level of externalizing behaviors, and a low, but slightly increasing level of internalizing behaviors. Maternal depression, child dysregulation, gestational age, and socioeconomic challenges were identified as risk factors that predicted less optimal behavior problem trajectories. Conclusions Children born prematurely followed 1 of 3 distinct developmental trajectories for both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The most severe behavior problems started early in development and were associated with increased child dysregulation, maternal depression, and lower socioeconomic status. These findings have implications for screening and monitoring preterm children.
Discussing sarcoma risks during informed consent for nonhysterectomy management of fibroids: an unmet need

There is no reliable way to distinguish symptomatic uterine fibroids from sarcoma without a surgical specimen. Many women with a uterine sarcoma are initially managed without hysterectomy under a presumed fibroid diagnosis, without understanding sarcoma risks. Currently many alternatives to hysterectomy, including medical and procedural interventions, for treatment of fibroids are promoted. The sarcoma incidence among women with presumed fibroids is 0.29% (1/340) to 0.05% (1/2000). Nonmetastatic leiomyosarcoma has a 63% 5-year survival rate whereas metastatic leiomyosarcoma has a 14% 5-year survival rate. In uterine sarcoma, we often cannot identify who has sarcoma before making a potentially cure-denying decision by delaying surgery. Therefore, women electing an alternative to hysterectomy for fibroids should undergo an informed consent process that specifically includes discussion of uterine sarcoma incidence and mortality. Alternatives to hysterectomy for presumed fibroids remain preferable treatment options for many women with symptomatic fibroids, so long as underlying sarcoma risks are adequately discussed. The challenge for obstetrician- gynecologists then is how to provide better informed consent and maintain the primacy of patient autonomy over our concern to "First, do no harm." Major threats to patient's autonomy are faced in the sarcoma risk discussion. How we should present sarcoma risk information to avoid being dismissive of sarcoma or frightening women toward hysterectomy is unstudied. Research is needed to determine how to provide sarcoma risk information with less bias during informed consent.
Primary diagnosis of angiosarcoma by fine needle aspiration: Lessons learned from 3 cases

Angiosarcomas are rare malignancies arising from cells of endothelial origin and are aggressive sarcomas that can occur in any anatomic site. They are reported to have predilection for the scalp, extremities and breasts. The incidence of these tumors is increasing, which has been suggested to be attributable to the growing use of radiotherapy to treat breast and other malignancies. There is currently limited literature describing the primary cytologic diagnosis of angiosarcoma on fine needle aspirate material. We describe the findings of three cases of angiosarcoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. Our three cases offer distinct radiologic, clinical and cytopathologic points-of-view: a thyroid angiosarcoma, a mediastinal angiosarcoma and a skin angiosarcoma. The cytomorphology of angiosarcoma is characterized by large highly atypical spindle to epithelioid cells with abundant cytoplasm in dispersed single cells or loose aggregates. The nuclei are large and pleomorphic with vesicular chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Mitoses are readily identified. The background can be bloody and/or necrotic. Occasional intracytoplasmic lumens are a helpful morphologic feature suggesting vascular differentiation. HHV-8 immunostaining may aid in the differential diagnosis with Kaposi sarcoma while epithelioid hemangioendothelioma can be distinguished based on morphologic features. Given the metastatic potential and high mortality rate associated with these tumors, this entity is an important consideration in the contexts herein described.
Some Delay Models for Juvenile vs. Adult Competition

Models of competition have played a central role in theoretical population dynamics and ecology. The vast majority of mathematical models of competitve interactions that have been formulated have been done so with regard to highly aggregate state variables at the total population level and have ignored differences between individual organisms, in effect treating all individuals of a species as identical. Biological populations generally consist, however, of individuals with diverse physiological characteristics, such as age, body size or weight, life cycle stages, etc., (with intra-species variances that in fact can exceed inter-specific variances amongst competing species) and it has become widely recognized that this diversity can have a significant influence upon population level dynamics (Werner and Gilliam (1984), Ebenman and Persson (1988), Metz and Diekmann (1986)). Models that ignore individual level physiological variances cannot, except in the simplest of cases, adequately account for the mechanisms that result in competition between individual organisms for limited resources. In particular, intra-specific competition can be accounted for in such models only in highly qualitative ways at best.
K-Theory of Crossed Products

In this section, we will develop exact sequences which allow computation of the K-groups of crossed products of C*-algebras by R or cyclic groups.
Max Weber on Law and the Rise of Capitalism

Max Weber dedicated much of his energy to explaining why industrial capitalism arose in the West. European law had unique features which made it more conducive to capitalism than were the legal systems of other civilizations. Weber’s decision to include law within a general sociological theory can be explained not only by his personal background as lawyer and legal historian, but also by the methods he employed to trace the rise of the distinctive form of economic activity and organization he called bourgeois capitalism. Weber believed that this type of capitalism required a legal order with a relatively high degree of “rationality.” Since such a system was unique to the West, the comparative study of legal systems helped answer Weber’s basic question about the causes of the rise of capitalism in Europe. Unique conditions in European history, Weber argued, led to the emergence of legalism.
Aspirin suppresses PGE2 and activates AMP kinase to inhibit melanoma cell motility, pigmentation and selective tumor growth in vivo

There are conflicting epidemiologic data on whether chronic aspirin (ASA) use may reduce melanoma risk in humans. Potential anticancer effects of ASA may be mediated by its ability to suppress prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and activate 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We investigated the inhibitory effects of ASA in a panel of melanoma and transformed melanocyte cell lines, and on tumor growth in a preclinical model. ASA and the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib did not affect melanoma cell viability, but significantly reduced colony formation, cell motility, and pigmentation (melanin production) in vitro at concentrations of 1 mmol/L and 20 μmol/L, respectively. ASA-mediated inhibition of cell migration and pigmentation was rescued by exogenous PGE2 or Compound C, which inhibits AMPK activation. Levels of tyrosinase, MITF, and p-ERK were unaffected by ASA exposure. Following a single oral dose of 0.4 mg ASA to NOD/SCID mice, salicylate was detected in plasma and skin at 4 hours and PGE2 levels were reduced up to 24 hours. Some human melanoma tumors xenografted into NOD/SCID mice were sensitive to chronic daily ASA administration, exhibiting reduced growth and proliferation. ASA-treated mice bearing sensitive and resistant tumors exhibited both decreased PGE2 in plasma and tumors and increased phosphorylated AMPK in tumors. We conclude that ASA inhibits colony formation, cell motility, and pigmentation through suppression of PGE2 and activation of AMPK and reduces growth of some melanoma tumors in vivo This preclinical model could be used for further tumor and biomarker studies to support future melanoma chemoprevention trials in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 11(10); 629-42. ©2018 AACR.
Engineering multi-specific antibodies against HIV-1

As increasing numbers of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HIV-1 enter clinical trials, it is becoming evident that combinations of mAbs are necessary to block infection by the diverse array of globally circulating HIV-1 strains and to limit the emergence of resistant viruses. Multi-specific antibodies, in which two or more HIV-1 entry-targeting moieties are engineered into a single molecule, have expanded rapidly in recent years and offer an attractive solution that can improve neutralization breadth and erect a higher barrier against viral resistance. In some unique cases, multi-specific HIV-1 antibodies have demonstrated vastly improved antiviral potency due to increased avidity or enhanced spatiotemporal functional activity. This review will describe the recent advancements in the HIV-1 field in engineering monoclonal, bispecific and trispecific antibodies with enhanced breadth and potency against HIV-1. A case study will also be presented as an example of the developmental challenges these multi-specific antibodies may face on their path to the clinic. The tremendous potential of multi-specific antibodies against the HIV-1 epidemic is readily evident. Creativity in their discovery and engineering, and acumen during their development, will be the true determinant of their success in reducing HIV-1 infection and disease.
Code/Art Approaches to Data Visualization

This chapter explores a code/art method to data visualization using a case study of the project Aperveillance: Watching with Open Data. The generative nature of coding affords a method for creating artistic visualizations that go beyond more traditional charts and graphs. What are the possibilities for leveraging the iterative nature of code in order to create visualizations that focus more on exploration than analysis and offer the chance to raise new questions? Whereas a more traditional approach to data visualization would seek to answer questions or create clearer explanations through the process of visualization, code/art visualizations instead aim to provoke further questions, such as those about the societal tensions between surveillance and privacy in the case study. In addition to explicating the underlying Digital Humanities methods associated with such a practice, this chapter offers a step-by-step guide showing how the Aperveillance project was created using the p5.js programming language.
How I approach iron deficiency with and without anemia

Iron deficiency anemia remains a common referral to the pediatric hematology-oncology subspecialist. Improved understanding of iron homeostasis, including the effects of the regulatory hormone hepcidin, recent adult and pediatric clinical trial data, as well as the availability of safer formulations of intravenous iron, have resulted in additional considerations when making treatment recommendations in such patients. Young children and adolescent females remain the most commonly affected groups, but children with complex medical or chronic inflammatory conditions including comorbid gastrointestinal disorders also require special consideration.
MRI of the Patellofemoral Articular Cartilage

Patellofemoral pain is common and can be disabling [19, 49]. In the absence of severe trauma or anatomical abnormality, the cause is frequently unclear. Mechanical factors that increase forces across the joint resulting in cartilage degeneration with concomitant greater stress to the subchondral bone are considered to be important etiological factors.
Lactase and starter culture survival in heated and frozen yogurts.

Yogurt customarily contains large numbers of viable starter culture, although some yogurt is heat-treated to inactivate the starter. It was found that heating to inactivate the starter also inactivated lactase. This could have a disadvantageous effect on lactose-intolerant consumers. Manufacture of frozen yogurt did not have any appreciable damaging effect on the yogurt culture or lactase activity.
Synthesis of Ethynyl-Substituted Quinquephenyls and Conversion to Extended Fused-Ring Structures†

An organometallic coupling, electrophile-induced cyclization strategy for the synthesis of p-terphenyl compounds has been extended to the synthesis of p-quinquephenyl systems. In this work we report the synthesis of various polycyclic aromatic systems containing nine annelated rings including the synthesis of functionalized polycyclic aromatic systems. An interesting side reaction which leads to an indenyl spiro ring system is also described. This side reaction can be suppressed by changing the electrophile (from H+ to I+) or by modification of the cyclization precursor. The UV−vis and fluorescence spectra of several of these polycyclic aromatics and the p-quinquephenyl precursors are also reported.
Plasma Phospholipid Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Across Pregnancy in Relation to Neonatal Size and Adiposity: A Longitudinal Study Within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies (P11-038-19)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for fetal growth and development, yet longitudinal data on objectively measured maternal PUFAs across pregnancy in relation to fetal growth remain elusive. We prospectively and longitudinally investigated plasma phospholipid PUFAs in pregnancy in relation to neonatal size and body composition. Within the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort (n = 2,802), individual plasma phospholipid PUFAs were measured in blood samples collected at gestational weeks (GW) 10–14, 15–26, 23–31, and 33–39 in a subset of 321 women. Birthweight (BW) was abstracted from medical records. Neonatal length and skinfolds were measured and fat mass (FM) and % body fat (BF) were estimated by Catalano's formula. We used linear regression models with robust variance and inverse probability weighting to standardize the sample. In late pregnancy at GW 33–39, after adjusting for covariates including prepregnancy body mass index, per unit increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was related to a 95.3 g (95% CI 33.6, 157.0) greater BW, 0.49 cm (0.09, 0.90) longer neonatal length, 41.2 g (13.6, 68.9) greater FM, and 0.79% (0.21, 1.37) higher BF. As for n-6 PUFAs, at GW 33–39, arachidonic acid per unit increase was associated with a 41.7 g (5.22, 78.3) greater BW and docosatetraenoic acid (DTA) per unit increase was related to a 462.3g (98.0, 826.6) and 145.5 g (12.1, 278.9) greater BW and FM, respectively. The PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio per unit increase at GW 33–39 was significantly related to a 14.6g (–29.2, –0.04) lower FM. Further, associations of n-3 PUFA with neonatal adiposity varied by prepregnancy obesity and exposure window. Total n-3 PUFA per unit increase at GW 23–31 and 33–39 was associated with 0.68-0.78% greater neonatal BF among women without obesity, whereas at GW 10–14 and 15–26 it was associated with 1.07–1.36% lower BF among women with obesity (P-interaction < 0.001). No significant associations were observed for individual PUFAs in early to mid-pregnancy with neonatal body composition, except for positive associations of DHA and DTA at GW 10–14 with BW. Our data suggest that maternal plasma phospholipid PUFAs are implicated in fetal growth and their roles may vary by prepregnancy obesity and timing in pregnancy. NICHD/NIH.
Third Degree of Freedom: Application

With the optimized sensor set determined in the previous chapters, a vehicle-specific algorithm can be developed on the basis of which the decision to fire the restraint systems is made. Diagram 11.1 shows the CITn values for all considered load cases in their temporal course and the behaviour of all considered load cases. The set of curves thus represents the number of load cases for which the algorithm must decide whether and, if so, when the restraint systems must be triggered.
Behavioral Activity of Methyl Benzoate Against the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

We evaluated a botanical compound, methyl benzoate, which was previously shown to have insecticidal activity on several agricultural pests, for its behavioral action on the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. Methyl benzoate, along with acetophenone and Cirkil™, a commercially available bed bug control product, exhibited repellent action against bed bugs in an EthoVision video system designed to track the movement of individuals.
Parental cyberbullying through a global lens: children’s digital rights and social media policies

This commentary draws attention to parental cyberbullying, a dangerous yet normalized form of abuse whereby parents share abusive behavior online for personal gain. Parental cyberbullying raises qu...
Danger, Sex, and Everything Else: A Comparison of Camera Angle and Camera Distance Effects Across Pictures of Varied Emotional Content

Abstract. This study tests the effects of camera distance and camera angle on emotional response across four categories of pictures covering a large emotional range (positive and negative miscellan...
A Hypothesis: Linking Phase Separation to Meiotic Sex Chromosome Inactivation and Sex-Body Formation

During meiotic prophase I, X and Y chromosomes in mammalian spermatocytes only stably pair at a small homologous region called the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). However, the rest of the sex chromosomes remain largely unsynapsed. The extensive asynapsis triggers transcriptional silencing - meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI). Along with MSCI, a special nuclear territory, sex body or XY body, forms. In the early steps of MSCI, DNA damage response (DDR) factors, such as BRCA1, ATR, and γH2AX, function as sensors and effectors of the silencing signals. Downstream canonical repressive histone modifications, including methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation, are responsible for the transcriptional repression of the sex chromosomes. Nevertheless, mechanisms of the sex-body formation remain unclear. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) may drive the formation of several chromatin subcompartments, such as pericentric heterochromatin, nucleoli, inactive X chromosomes. Although several proteins involved in phase separation are found in the sex bodies, when and whether these proteins exert functions in the sex-body formation and MSCI is still unknown. Here, we reviewed recent publications on the mechanisms of MSCI and LLPS, pointed out the potential link between LLPS and the formation of sex bodies, and discussed its implications for future research.
Teaching curriculum theory as a Baradian apparatus

This article is a discussion of the intersection between curriculum theory and agential realism as it emerged in the development of a curriculum theory course. During the process of designing such ...
Enhancing translational team effectiveness: The Wisconsin Interventions in Team Science framework for translating empirically informed strategies into evidence-based interventions.

Achieving the clinical, public health, economic, and policy benefits of translational science requires the integration and application of findings across biomedical, clinical, and behavioral science and health policy, and thus, collaboration across experts in these areas. To do so, translational teams need the skills, knowledge, and attitudes to mitigate challenges and build on strengths of cross-disciplinary collaboration. Though these competencies are not innate to teams, they can be built through the implementation of effective strategies and interventions. The Science of Team Science (SciTS) has contributed robust theories and evidence of empirically-informed strategies and best practices to enhance collaboration. Yet the field lacks methodological approaches to rigorously translate those strategies into evidence-based interventions to improve collaborative translational research. Here, we apply lessons from Implementation Science and Human-Centered Design & Engineering to describe the Wisconsin Interventions in Team Science (WITS) framework, a process for translating established team science strategies into evidence-based interventions to bolster translational team effectiveness. To illustrate our use of WITS, we describe how University of Wisconsin’s Institute for Clinical and Translational Research translated the existing Collaboration Planning framework into a robust, scalable, replicable intervention. We conclude with recommendations for future SciTS research to refine and test the framework.
Organizational and cellular mechanisms underlying chemical inhibition of a vertebrate neuron.

Publisher Summary Little is known so far about the cellular principles underlying integration in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) because few neuronal constellations permit meaningful comparison between anatomical and functional data; while the former have accumulated in the past, the latter have been obtained infrequently, primarily because of technical limitations. It can be expected, however, that investigations of basic networks may allow us to unravel some operative rules before generalization is attempted for higher brain functions. Such models should include morphologically well-defined post synaptic elements and their associated excitatory and inhibitory inputs. For instance, spinal motoneurons and neocortical pyramidal cells, with their excitatory afferents and intercalated inhibitory interneurons are imbedded in elementary circuits of this nature. This chapter presents analyses of apparently quite disparate arrays, such as those that involve the mammalian Purkinje cells (Pc) and the Mauthner cell (M-cell) of teleosts indicate common patterns that might be present in the other structures as well. This work has been made possible by the fact that both experimental materials, particularly that of the M-cell, are well suited for electrophysiological investigations and for extensive histological correlations.
Circulation and Lungs

The principal function of the blood flow in the cardiovascular system is to provide oxygen (O 2 ) and nutrients to the tissues of the body and to remove carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and waste products. The flow of blood through the cardiovascular system follows physical law’s known from fluid mechanics. Oxygen diffuses into capillaries, which surround the alveolus. The circulatory system carries the oxygen to all of the cells within the entire body. Mitochondria inside of bodily cells use this oxygen to produce cellular energy, adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), endogenous water and CO 2 , which is returned by venous blood into the lungs and exhalated into surroundings, during ventilation.
No Manipulation Results for Non-Bayesian Tests

In Dekel and Feinberg (2004) we suggested a test for discovering whether a potential expert is informed of the distribution of a stochastic process. This category test requires predicting a “small”– category I – set of outcomes. In this paper we show that there is a randomized category test that cannot be manipulated, i.e. such that no matter how the potential expert randomizes his prediction, there will be realizations where he will fail to pass the test with probability 1. The set of outcomes where he fails can be made large – a category II set – under the continuum hypothesis. Moreover, these results hold for the finite approximations of the category tests where the non-expert is failed in finite time and the expert is failed with small probability. JEL Classification: K9
Reaction of trivalent phosphorus compounds with α,β-unsaturated ketones

Abstract Crystalline β-ketoylides, X2YPC(CO·C6H5)(CH2·CO·C6H5), were prepared from the reaction of trans-dibenzoylethylene with amino, alkyl, and aryl phosphines. The ylides gave enolether salts with benzyl bromide, and diketophosphonium salts with hydrogen chloride. 31P NMR shifts for ylides, oxides and sulfides, X2YPZ, and for phosphines and phosphonium salts, were mesured at 40·5 Mc/s. 1H-31P spin-spin couplings of the β'-methylene protons were identical in β-ketoylides and in their enol-ether salts.
Host-Guest Complexation. Part 37. Synthesis and Binding Properties of a Transacylase Partial Mimic with Imidazole and Benzyl Alcohol in Place.

The design and 30-step synthesis of a transacylase partial mimic is described. The target catalyst combines a macrocyclic binding site, a hydroxymethyl group, and an imidazole group organized to act cooperatively through their attachment to a quaterphenyl support structure. The binding site is composed of three cyclic urea units in a tripod arrangement, rigidified by their incorporation into a macrocycle along with two anisyl and one m-xylyl spacer units. The binding and catalytic sites are complementary to amino acid ester salts. The host catalyst collects and orients through complexation the guest substrate to provide substantial rate enhancements for transacylation of amino ester salts. The free energies are reported for the host in CDCl3 binding the picrate salts of Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+,Cs+, NH4+, CH3NH3+ and t-BuNH3+.
Apparent Proteinuria as a Consequence of Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion

An infant who is brought to an emergency department with vague symptoms poses a difficult problem for the pediatrician. The presence of specific findings on laboratory screening tests often helps to narrow the differential diagnosis, enabling appropriate treatment. Unexpected laboratory results, however, may lead the physician astray in making the correct diagnosis. It is important to interpret laboratory results within the context of the entire clinical picture and to keep in mind the limitations of certain of these tests. We report a case of apparent proteinuria in a 7-week-old infant caused by the addition of baking soda to his formula, and point out that careful history-taking may help to avoid an extensive diagnostic workup.
Design tools for shaping spline models

Abstract A survey of high level methods for specifying tensor product splines is presented. Although relatively little work has occurred in this area, such methods are very important to give users effective means for rapidly specifying spline representations of geometric models. The need for more new methods is clear since good shape operators for specifying splines are used whenever possible and displace lower level techniques.
Coronal heating by resonant (A.C.) and nonresonant (D.C.) mechanisms

The solar coronal heating studies of Ionson (1984) and Heyvaerts and Priest (1984) invoke categorically different mechanisms involving the generation of ac currents, in the case of resonant mechanisms, and dc currents, in the case of nonresonant ones. Attention is presently given to Heyvaerts and Priest's finding that dc heating mechanisms are represented by the m = 0 harmonic of Ionson's unified theory of coronal heating, which is here extended to include all excitation harmonics, including m = 0. The efficiency of dc mechanisms is severely limited by the constraint that the dissipation time be comparable to the correlation time of the convective driver and smaller than the magnetic flux leakage time, suggesting for the solar case that dc processes dominate heating in young, active region loops, while ac ones dominate heating in both active region and large scale loops.
Anti-counterfeiting Using Memory Spots

We propose a new hardware and software solution for anti-counterfeiting that puts product authentication directly into the hands of end-users, enabling them to be confident of the authenticity of a product regardless of the integrity of the distribution chain. This is made possible by a new type of tamper-resistant hardware chip, called "memory spot", which has a unique combination of small size, very fast on-air data rate, relatively large memory, and integrated security features, in conjunction with a novel authentication protocol. In addition, the low cost of these new chips makes our proposed solution even more compelling than possible alternatives. Example applications include pharmaceutical anti-counterfeiting, asset tracking, secure-ID, brand protection and warranty fraud prevention. We will take pharmaceutical anti-counterfeiting as an example to explain our solution. A prototype system has been built to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system.
A Plate Element-Based Model for Mixed-Mode Debonding of Composite Stitched Stiffened Panels

An analysis based on plate finite elements and the virtual crack closure technique is used to study the effect of stitching on Mode I and Mode II strain energy release rates for a stitched warp-knit composite debond configuration. The stitches were modeled as discrete nonlinear fastener elements with a compliance determined by experiment. The axial and shear behavior of the stitches was considered with both the compliances and failure loads assumed to be independent. The effect of model slenderness ratio on the accuracy of the strain energy release rates determined with the plate element models for configurations without stitching was determined by comparison with similar plane strain models. The analysis showed that stitches are very effective in reducing Mode I strain energy release rate, G I , by closing the debond faces near the debond front; however, they are less effective in reducing the Mode II strain energy release rate, G I I .
Ontogeny of Cotton Seeds: Gametogenesis, Embryogenesis, Germination, and Seedling Growth

Production of a viable seed is of paramount importance to the survival of a plant species. Many plants, including cotton, amass large reserves of storage protein and oil in their seeds (oilseeds) to use during dormancy, germination, and seedling growth. These reserves are mobilized after imbibition when environmental conditions are favorable for growth. Due to their rich supply of protein and oil, e.g., approximately 80% of the dry weight of cottonseed kernels consists of protein and oil reserves (Doman et al., 1982), oilseeds have also been used as a human food source. The nutritional value of each oilseed variety or species differs; therefore, minor changes in either protein or oil composition could result in major nutritional improvements and increased economic value of the crop. Improving seed quality is not restricted to increasing its nutritional value; it can also be accomplished by increasing seed vigor, viability, cold tolerance, or resistance to disease. A better understanding of the cellular processes involved in the ontogeny of cottonseeds will lead to new approaches in seed improvement. Discussion of developmental events from gametogenesis to seedling growth will be presented and will focus on important processes involved in producing a viable cottonseed and plant.
Effect of syringe and aggregate filter administration on survival of transfused autologous fresh feline red blood cells.

Objective To assess the effect of transfusion using a syringe and microaggregate filter on short-term survival and circulating half-life of autologous feline RBCs. Design Prospective, internally controlled, observational study. Setting A University Teaching Hospital Animals Six apparently healthy, owned cats. Interventions Blood collection by jugular venipuncture. Transfusion with labeled, autologous, fresh RBCs. Measurements and Main Results Anticoagulated whole blood (35 mL/cat) was collected in 2 equal aliquots. RBCs were washed and labeled at 2 different biotin densities, before suspension in autologous plasma. Labeled RBCs were then transfused using 2 methods, gravity flow and pump delivery using a 20 mL syringe and 18 μm microaggregate filter. Whole blood samples were collected from each cat at 2-hour intervals for 12 hours following completion of the transfusions. Additional samples were collected at weekly intervals up to 6 weeks to assess circulating half-life of the transfused cells. Cell survival was assessed via flow cytometry. The proportion of transfused cells remaining in each of the 2 populations was measured. Biotinylated RBCs were readily detected in all cats over the 6-week sampling period. There was a significant decrease in both populations of labeled cells over the 6-week period (P < 0.01), as expected. There was no difference in probability that the RBCs would survive up to 12 hours immediately following transfusion, and no significant difference in survival between the 2 groups over 6 weeks. The average half-life of all labeled cells was approximately 23 days. Conclusions We conclude that, in contrast to findings from dogs, transfusion of autologous feline RBCs using a syringe + aggregate filter method does not significantly impact short- or long-term survival of the transfused cells.
Desalination and long-haul water transfer as a water supply for Dallas, Texas: A case study of the energy-water nexus in Texas

As existing water supplies become increasingly strained in some locations, water planners turn to alternative options to quench cities’ thirst. Among these options for inland cities is desalination of seawater or brackish groundwater with long-haul water transfer. Desalination using reverse osmosis membranes is the most common technology in use, yet high pressures required for operation make desalination an energy-intensive water supply option. The subsequent conveyance of desalinated water through long-haul pipelines also requires large amounts of energy. To analyze desalination and long-haul transfer as a drinking water supply, Dallas, Texas, was chosen as a test-bed with two scenarios: seawater desalination near Houston and brackish groundwater desalination near Abilene, both with long-haul transfer of desalinated water to Dallas. Combining the energy requirements for long-distance pumping with the energy demands for desalination, we estimate that desalination and long-haul transfer is nine to 23 times more energy-intensive per unit of water than conventional treatment of local surface water sources, an increase of 230 to 630 MWh/d for 20 million gal (75,700 m3). These results suggest that desalination and long-haul transfer as a water supply for Dallas is less sustainable, based on energy consumption, than use of local surface water sources or water conservation. Citation: Stillwell AS, King CW, Webber ME. 2010. Desalination and long-haul water transfer as a water supply for Dallas, Texas: A case study of the energy-water nexus in Texas. Texas Water Journal. 1(1)33-41. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v1i1.1042.
Neutrophil elastase in crevicular fluid: comparison of a middle‐aged general population with healthy and periodontitis groups

Abstract Neutrophil elastase (NE) was measured in crevicular fluid (GCF) collected from 3 subject groups. GCF was harvested at a single visit of subjects with periodontal health (n=21) and with periodontitis (n=28). Samples were obtained from 132 middle-aged, middle-class health conscious patients of a health maintenance organization (HMO) at baseline and 1 year later. GCF NE was higher in periodontitis than in health. Mean GCF NE of HMO subjects was much closer to health than to periodontitis. Few members of the HMO population had enzyme levels typical of periodontitis. Subjects and sites of the HMO population were segregated into 3 categories based on enzyme levels of the healthy and periodontitis subjects. Most HMO subjects and sites were in the activity category corresponding to healthy subjects. Only a small portion were in the activity category common in periodontitis. Enzyme levels in the highest activity category at both samplings were infrequent. High enzyme levels in the HMO population were not associated with attachment loss. Thus, assay of GCF NB provided little evidence of disease in a middle-aged, middle-class health conscious general population. This finding confirms an analysis of epidemiological surveys which concluded that a population such as studied here would not benefit from periodontal diagnostic testing.