cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One-Step Affinity Purification of Recombinant αvβ3Integrin from Transfected Cells

Abstract Vitronectin receptor (αvβ3integrin) is present on the surface of many types of cells. We describe a simple, fast, and reliable method of purification of recombinant human αvβ3from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with αvβ3(VNRC3 cells). The method consists of two steps: lysis of the cells and affinity chromatography of the lysate on a GRGDSPK–Sepharose column. The yield of the procedure was about 79%. The purified receptor migrated as two bands on a silver stained SDS–polyacrylamide gel, corresponding to the αvand β3subunits, and was recognized by monoclonal antibodies directed against αvand the αvβ3complex, but not by monoclonal antibody specific for the αIIbβ3complex. This receptor also bound to immobilized vitronectin, von Willebrand factor, and echistatin. However, binding to immobilized fibrinogen was not observed. Purified recombinant αvβ3demonstrated greater immunoreactivity with LM 609, an αvβ3complex-specific monoclonal antibody, than αvβ3purified from placenta. As visualized by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, preparations of placenta-derived αvβ3contained several contaminating proteins that were not present in preparations of recombinant αvβ3purified from the transfected CHO cells.
Tectonic tests of proposed polar wander paths for Mars and the Moon

A comparison of the lithospheric stress field predicted for rapid global reorientations against observed tectonic features is used to test the polar wander paths proposed for Mars by Schultz and Lutz-Garihan (1981). A calculation of the reorientation stresses leads to the suggestion that the formation of normal faults or graben in broad regions around the former rotation poles should be the minimum tectonic signature of a reorientation that generates lithospheric stresses in excess of the extensional strength of near-surface material. It is concluded that polar wander of the magnitude and timing envisioned by Schultz and Lutz-Garihan did not occur.
Fine‐needle aspiration of dedifferentiated acinic cell carcinoma: Report of a case with cyto‐histological correlation

Dedifferentiated Acinic Cell Carcinoma (DAcCC) is a rare salivary gland malignancy. It has a high tendency to recur and metastasize and thus has a poor prognosis. So far, to our knowledge, only one case of DAcCC has been reported in the cytology literature. Herein, we describe a second case of DAcCC from a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) along with its subsequent histological correlation.
Identification of substorms within storms

Abstract The storm–substorm relationship is one of the central issues in magnetospheric physics. Whether there is a unique relationship between substorms and storms is still being debated. During geomagnetic storm periods, magnetic disturbances take place globally, and auroras become very active over the entire oval. These often make identification of a substorm, which has smaller magnetic and optical effects, difficult, if not impossible. This study is based on 23 storms and 167 concurrent substorms that occurred from May 1996 to October 1998 with simultaneous global ultraviolet auroral observations from NASA's Polar mission. It is found that the auroral breakups occurred more frequently in the main phase than in the recovery phase within the storms; ∼45% of the studied events occurring within 10 h before the end (start) of the storm main (recovery) phase; the storm intensity (Dst) does not affect the occurrence of auroral breakup; and Dst changes (ΔDst) have no effect on the occurrence frequency of auroral breakup.
Fresnoite: Unusal Titanium Coordination

The crystal structure of fresnoite, Ba2(TiO)[Si2O7], consists of [Si2O7]6- double groups and titanium-centered square pyramids linked to form flat sheets. Intercalated between these sheets are Ba2+ ions in highly distorted pentagonal antiprisms. The structure of fresnoite is related to that of melilite, (Ca,Na)2(Mg,Al[Si27].
DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES IN CALCIUM SOURCES UTILIZED FOR CONTRACTION IN THE CAT'S UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

Isolated circular smooth muscle cells from the esophagus, fundus, and antrum in the adult cat and newborn kitten were compared. Dose response curves were obtained to Acetylcholine (Ach) in the presence of normal Calcium (Ca+2), zero Ca+2, and the Ca+2 channel blocker D600. Cells from the esophagus of the adult and kitten contracted similarly in Ca+2, but both failed to show any contraction in zero Ca+2 or D600. Fundic cells in both the adult and kitten contracted the same in Ca+2, and also showed maximal contraction in zero Ca+2 or D600. The contractile response of antral cells was no different between adult and kitten in normal Ca+2. However, the adult antrum contracted 53.3% and 47.6% of maximum in zero Ca+2 and D600 respectively, while the kitten's antrum contracted significantly less (p< .001) at 6.4% and 3.2% of maximum. Antral cells were then saponified (permeabilized) and exposed to inositol tri-phosphate (IP3), which releases intra-cellular Ca+2 stores. With IP3 adult antral cells contracted 52.1%, while the kitten antral cells failed to contract. We conclude that in response to Ach the esophagus and fundus of the adult cat and kitten utilize similar Ca+2 sources, with the esophagus using extracellular Ca+2 and the fundus depending upon intracellular Ca+2 stores. The adult antrum is able to utilize intracellular Ca+2 stores for part of it's contraction while the kitten is not. We speculate this may be due to a lack of intracellular Ca+2 stores in the newborn kitten antrum.
The unresolved unsteady flow in multistage compressor blade rows

Abstract A series of experiments are described that are directed at the quantitative investigation of turbomachine rotor blade row unsteady unresolved velocities and blade surface pressures generated by the wakes from upstream blade and vane airfoil rows. The ensemble-averaged velocities and pressures quantify the vane wake generated periodic and aperiodic unsteadiness, with the unresolved unsteadiness defined by the variance. The vane wake generated aperiodic, periodic, and unresolved axial and tangential unsteady velocities and correlations are quantified at the inlet to each rotor row of a three-stage axial flow research compressor by means of a rotating cross hot-wire probe. The rotor blade surface unresolved unsteady pressure—time distributions and time-averaged values are also quantified for each rotor row, accomplished by means of ultraminiature high-response pressure tranducers.
Soccer and the failure of East German sports policy

This essay reflects upon how the German Democratic Republic used sport to create a new socialist national identity. Unable to match West German democratic freedom and economic bounty, the East German authorities found it easier to compete in sports. In 1969 the Socialist Unity Party decided to concentrate on individual Olympic disciplines as the most cost-effective way of showcasing its socialist system, especially in comparison to capitalist West Germany. The medals count would be an objective measure of the two systems. Soccer and other team sports lost funding, and East German soccer teams were relegated to second-class status. East Germany’s development of elite Olympic athletes at the expense of soccer – the world’s most popular game – failed to create a loyal citizenry, as the exodus of East Germans after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 revealed.
Shape deformations in rough-surface scattering: improved algorithms

We present new, stabilized shape-perturbation methods for calculations of scattering from rough surfaces. For practical purposes, we present new algorithms for both low- (first- and second-) and high-order implementations. The new schemes are designed with guidance from our previous results that uncovered the basic mechanism behind the instabilities that can arise in methods based on shape perturbations [ D. P. Nicholls F. Reitich , J. Opt. Soc. Am. A21, 590 (2004)]. As was shown there, these instabilities stem from significant cancellations that are inevitably present in the recursions underlying these methods. This clear identification of the source of instabilities resulted also in a collection of guiding principles, which we now test and confirm. As predicted, improved low-order algorithms can be attained from an explicit consideration of the recurrence. At high orders, on the other hand, the complexity of the formulas precludes an explicit account of cancellations. In this case, however, the theory suggests a number of alternatives to implicitly mollify them. We show that two such alternatives, based on a change of independent variables and on Dirichlet-to-interior-derivative operators, respectively, successfully resolve the cancellations and thus allow for very-high-order calculations that can significantly expand the domain of applicability of shape-perturbation approaches.
Storage of patients' home medications during hospitalizations.

Medication reconciliation is a vital step in the hospital admission process. When done properly, patients will continue their intended regimens and not suffer harm from a change in continuity of care. However, the medication reconciliation process is often left incomplete, as patients do not always
Isolation of rabies virus from an insectivorous bat (Tadarida mexicana) in California.

SummaryThe virus of rabies has been isolated from a Mexican Freetail bat (Tad-arida mexicana) collected in northern California July 20, 1954. The isolation of this virus and certain aspects of its passage history merit further investigation.
Predicting in-service weatherability of automotive coatings: A new approach

The prediction of long-term weatherability of coatings has always been a difficult task. This task has been made significantly more difficult by the recent, rapid changes in coatings technology. Conventional weathering protocols which rely on observation of appearance changes after outdoor or laboratory exposures have not always been successful in anticipating in-service failures. This paper discusses the reason for this and describes a new approach for estimating inservice weatherability in coatings. The formalism begins by identifying specific failure modes and developing time-to-failure models which are based on fundamental studies of the chemistry and physics of failure. The statistical variation of the key material, process, and exposure parameters in the failure model are described in terms of distribution functions. Since photooxidation plays a critical role in most weathering issues, a specific distribution function for exposure harshness is estimated that can be used to describe the variation in photooxidation rate under actual in-service conditions. By combining a specific failure model with in-service variations in the key parameters, it is possible to estimate in-service failure rates as a function of material and processing variables, thus, allowing for improved risk assessment of any proposed material or processing change. The formalism also provides clearer direction in the design and use of specific laboratory and out-door exposures in predicting performance. The method is illustrated by deriving distributions of time-to-failure based on two different hypothetical mechanisms of photo-induced coating delamination.
Behavioral mechanisms underlying vocal communication in nonhuman primates

In the wild, nonhuman primate vocalizations signal the presence of different predators, provide information about the group’s location and movement, facilitate friendly interactions, and lead to reconciliation between individuals who have recently exchanged aggression. Current research examines the mechanisms that underlie such communication. Playback experiments demonstrate that subjects treat vocalizations as semantic signals, in the sense that they compare signals according to their referents and not just their acoustic properties. Results provide no evidence, however, that subjects recognize one another’s mental states. Calls that provide information about the group’s location or movement are given by baboons only when they themselves are lost; individuals at the group’s center apparently do not call to inform peripheral animals of their location. Calls that lead to reconciliation are best explained by assuming that callers and recipients have learned, through experience, that a vocalization is rarely followed by aggression and often followed by friendly behavior. The inability of animals to recognize what other individuals know, believe, or desire constitutes a fundamental difference between nonhuman primate vocal communication and human language.
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric assay for the quantitation in human plasma of ABT-888, an orally available, small molecule inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase

ABT-888, a PARP-inhibitor in clinical trials, potentiates DNA-damaging agents. We developed and validated, according to FDA guidelines, an LC-MS assay for sensitive, accurate and precise quantitation of ABT-888 and its metabolite M8 in 0.2 ml human plasma. After ethyl acetate extraction, separation is achieved with a hydro-Synergi column and a 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile/water-gradient. Detection uses electrospray, positive-mode ionization mass spectrometry. Between 10 (LOQ) and 1,000 ng/mL, accuracy was 95.5–98.5% for ABT-888 and 91.4–100.9% for M8, and precision was 0.1–4.9% for ABT-888 and 0–13.7% for M8. The assay is being applied to samples generated in several clinical trials.
Coulomb excitation of ground band rotational states inBk249

Coulomb-excitation probabilities for the first few members of the ${\frac{7}{2}}^{+}[633\ensuremath{\uparrow}]$ ground-state rotational band in $^{249}\mathrm{Bk}$ have been determined with 17.06-MeV $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ ions. These previously known excited states include the ${\frac{9}{2}}^{+}$ (41.8-keV), ${\frac{11}{2}}^{+}$ (93.7-keV), and ${\frac{13}{2}}^{+}$ (155.8-keV) members of the ${\frac{7}{2}}^{+}[633\ensuremath{\uparrow}]$ band. Within experimental uncertainties, the Coulomb-excitation probabilities for these rotational states are reproduced by calculated values when only $E2$ excitations are considered with an intrinsic quadrupole moment, ${Q}_{20}$, of 12.70\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.24 eb in the rigid rotor limit. The deduced ground-state spectroscopic quadrupole moment is 5.93\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.11 eb. Intraband $M1$ transition rates have been deduced by combining the ${Q}_{20}$ result with other experimental data. Within the rotational model, a ground-state magnetic moment of +3.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{N}}$ is indicated.
Characterization of the Flowfield Structure of an Annular Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuator

The flowfield structure about annular dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators is studied under quiescent flow conditions using particle image velocimetry. These actuators are currently under investigation for use as spanwise-periodic discrete roughness elements for laminar flow control on swept wings in both the wind-tunnel and flight. Aperture diameters considered vary from 3mm to 7 mm. Additionally, an arrayed actuator of five 3 mm apertures is considered. A complex flowfield is found to be generated, which consists of two counter-rotating vortices accompanied by a wall-normal jet region. The flowfield structure is shown to be sensitive to aperture size and applied voltage. For the arrayed actuator, the vortices contract dramatically due to the interaction of adjacent vortices from neighboring apertures. This work is the first step towards understanding the physical mechanism(s) of plasma actuators as discrete roughness elements for laminar flow control on swept wings.
Epidermal Lipoxygenase Products of the Hepoxilin Pathway Selectively Activate the Nuclear Receptor PPARα

Arachidonic acid can be transformed into a specific epoxyalcohol product via the sequential action of two epidermal lipoxygenases, 12R-LOX and eLOX3. Functional impairment of either lipoxygenase gene (ALOX12B or ALOXE3) results in ichthyosis, suggesting a role for the common epoxyalcohol product or its metabolites in the differentiation of normal human skin. Here we tested the ability of products derived from the epidermal LOX pathway to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARα, γ, and δ, which have been implicated in epidermal differentiation. Using a dual luciferase reporter assay in PC3 cells, the 12R-LOX/eLOX3-derived epoxyalcohol, 8R-hydroxy-11R,12R-epoxyeicosa-5Z,9E,14Z-trienoic acid, activated PPARα with similar in potency to the known natural ligand, 8S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (8S-HETE) (both at 10 μM concentration). In contrast, the PPARγ and PPARδ receptor isoforms were not activated by the epoxyalcohol. Activation of PPARα was also observed using the trihydroxy hydrolysis products (trioxilins) of the unstable epoxyalcohol. Of the four trioxilins isolated and characterized, the highest activation was observed with the isomer that is also formed by enzymatic hydrolysis of the epoxyalcohol. Formation of a ligand for the nuclear receptor PPARα may be one possibility by which 12R-LOX and eLOX3 contribute to epidermal differentiation.
Exploring quark-gluon degrees of freedom in nuclei☆

Abstract Lepton-nucleus scattering and ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions provide complementary means to study the interface of nuclear physics and QCD.This talk focusses primarily on the physics of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, and how they may produce deconfined, fully chirally symmetric phases of nuclear matter in which quark-gluon degrees of freedom may be studied over extended distance scales.
Leading National Advertisers' Uses of Advergames

Abstract By analyzing the 294 advergames integrated in the Web sites of the top 100 leading national advertisers ranked by total advertising expenditures, the current study provides a descriptive study of the actual use of advergames on the leading advertisers' Web sites. Although there were still many advertisers that had not yet adopted advergames, those that had implemented advergames were using them a great deal on their Web sites. The most prominent of such companies were in the food industry. The findings showed that branded products were often embedded as a major component of advergames that fit well with the products in terms of lifestyle and image fit. Regarding the strategic features of advergames, this study demonstrates that many advertisers did not use such features to their fullest potential. Implications of the findings for practitioners and future research were discussed.
Prevention of Lung Cancer: Summary of Published Evidence

Study objectives To describe empiric research related to lung cancer prevention strategies, including chemoprevention aimed at reducing lung cancer incidence and various smoking avoidance and cessation interventions aimed at reducing smoking rates. Design, setting, and participants Systematic searches of MEDLINE, HealthStar, and Cochrane Library databases to July 2001 and print bibliographies. For chemoprevention studies, we considered only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with lung cancer incidence as an end point. For studies of smoking avoidance or cessation, we selected systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and searched for individual RCTs only where high-quality and current reviews and meta-analyses were not available. Measurement and results Chemoprevention of lung cancer has been studied in five RCTs of primary prevention, no RCTs of secondary prevention, and five RCTs of tertiary prevention. None of these trials has shown evidence for efficacy of any agents tested, including retinol (vitamin A), β-carotene, N-acetylcysteine, and selenium. There is a great deal of evidence about a wide variety of clinician-based and community-based efforts at smoking avoidance or cessation. Certain approaches have been shown to be effective ( eg , mass media public education campaigns, direct restrictions on smoking, clinician-based approaches ranging from brief clinician advice to more in-depth sessions, and "life-skills training" in schools). Some approaches have intermediate or short-term effectiveness ( ie , youth access restrictions and school-based interventions), and others have been shown to be ineffective ( ie , acupuncture and provider education) or have been insufficiently studied ( ie , provider feedback). Conclusions There are no agents that have been proven to be effective for preventing lung cancer. Several clinician-based and community-based interventions show promise for reducing lung cancer incidence through smoking avoidance and prevention.
Collider phenomenology of the Higgsless models.

We identify and study the signatures of the recently proposed Higgsless models at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We concentrate on tests of the mechanism of partial unitarity restoration in the longitudinal vector boson scattering, which is crucial to the phenomenological success of any Higgsless model and does not depend on the model-building details. We investigate the discovery reach for charged massive vector boson resonances and show that all of the preferred parameter space will be probed with $100\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of LHC data. Unitarity restoration requires that the masses and couplings of the resonances obey certain sum rules. We discuss the prospects for their experimental verification at the LHC.
A life cycle inventory of coal used for electricity production in Florida

Abstract Coal-fired power plants are anticipated to be increasingly used as a source of energy in the United States, particularly in states such as Florida that are experiencing rapid population growth and energy demands. While the emissions from coal combustion are a focus of intense study, little attention has been given to the emissions' contributions from other stages involved in the life cycle of coal used for electricity generation. This study inventories material and energy inputs and emissions in not only the Materials Processing stage (coal combustion) but also in the Raw Material Extraction (including coal mining and preparation) and Material Disposal (involving coal combustion products) stages, using data collected from four coal-burning utilities in Florida and SimaPro software (version 5.1, PRe Consultants, The Netherlands). Total emissions to air from all three stages are significantly higher than to water or land, with 78% of the air emissions attributed to carbon dioxide from coal combustion. Coal mining and preparation contributes the largest quantities of non-methane volatile organic compounds and methane (over 98%) as well as the most total dissolved solids to water (over 76%). Disposal of coal combustion products, typically by either landfilling or surface impoundment, results in the largest emissions of particulate matter (PM 10 ) to air (41%), a significant emission of total dissolved solids to water (over 22%), and a variety of metals to land. These results verify the major contributions of coal combustion to air emissions and show that the emissions from the Raw Material Extraction and Material Disposal stages may result in a significant enough negative environmental impact to warrant pursuit of pollution control and prevention opportunities in these stages as well.
Correlation transfer equation for multiply scattered light modulated by an ultrasonic pulse: an analytical model and Monte Carlo simulation

We present derivation of the temporal correlation transfer equation (CTE) for multiply scattered light modulated by an ultrasound pulse. The equation can be used to obtain the time-varying specific intensity of light produced by a pulsed and nonuniform ultrasound field in optically scattering media that have a heterogeneous distribution of optical parameters. We also develop a Monte Carlo algorithm that can simulate the spatial distribution of the time-dependent power spectrum density of light modulated by a focused ultrasound pulse in optically scattering media with heterogeneous distributions of optically scattering and absorbing objects. Derivation is based on the ladder diagram approximation of the Bethe-Salpeter equation that assumes moderate ultrasound pressures. We expect these results to be applicable to a wide spectrum of conditions in the ultrasound-modulated optical tomography of soft biological tissues.
Simulating Sport Ball Impact Through Material Characterization

Abstract In finite element models of sport ball impacts, modeling the ball has been much more challenging than modeling equipment. Clubs, racquets, and bats tend to be largely linear-elastic, while sport balls are often non-linear, inelastic, and rate dependent. Obtaining ball material properties is further complicated by the difficulty in achieving the high deformation rates representative of impact. The following describes the implementation of a dynamic impact test apparatus that was designed to characterize sport ball materials. The apparatus was used to construct a loading and unloading stress-strain curve of polyurethane foam at deformation rates and magnitudes representative of play. The stress-strain response was used in explicit finite element simulations of ball impacts. The simulated impacts were compared with instrumented ball impacts. The foam material model provided closer agreement with experiment over a range of impact speeds and surfaces than viscoelastic material models that are commonly used.
NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF MULTI-COMPONENT, PACKED TOWER DISTILLATION PROBLEMS

Multi-component distillation in a packed tower is described by the usual first-order differential equations with boundary conditions at each end and feed addition in between. The equations for all ...
Anatomy of the patent foramen ovale for the interventionalist

Background: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an interatrial communication whose management is controversial. Several manufacturers have submitted protocols for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of their PFO closure device. The purpose of this study was to define anatomy relevant to percutaneous PFO closure, validate the clinical observation that most PFOs contain little tissue rim at the aorta, comment on proposed closure guidelines, and to discuss approaches to PFO closure. Methods: From the Mayo Clinic Tissue Registry, five normal hearts with PFO were selected from each sex from the first 10 decades of life (n = 100). Measurements (mm) included PFO length, diameter, and distance from FO-superior vena cava (SVC) and FO-aortic annulus (AoAn). Patient age, weight, and height were obtained from autopsy reports, and body surface area (BSA) was calculated. Results: PFO length and diameter increased with age (P = 0.029 and 0.001, respectively), and FO-SVC and FO-AoAn increased with BSA (P ≤ 0.0001 and 0.006, respectively). PFO diameter was larger in women than men (P = 0.028). Using current sizing guidelines, 66% (CI = 56–75%) of the 100patients would have been excluded from device closure, and only 31% could have received the smallest (18 mm) device. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the proposed device closure guidelines may result in inappropriate device sizing. In addition to excluding suitable candidates, strict application of the guidelines could also result in incomplete closure or device embolization. Suggestions for modification of the guidelines and options for device closure are discussed. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Moment of Na 23 by the Atomic Beam Resonance Method

The hyperfine structure of the $n=3^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}} \mathrm{and} ^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ excited atomic states of ${\mathrm{Na}}^{23}$ have been investigated using a modification of the atomic beam resonance method. The $C$ region is illuminated with resonance radiation from a sodium discharge lamp which brings some of the atoms into the excited levels where they have lifetimes of the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ sec. The application of an rf field of an appropriate frequency causes transitions among the excited state hyperfine levels and "scrambles" the populations of these levels. Since the atoms are essentially "tagged" by the deflection which they have undergone in the $A$ field, this "scrambling" will cause a change in the refocused intensity at the detector.Measurements of the hyperfine structure at weak fields give the values: ${a}_{\frac{1}{2}}=94.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ Mc/sec for the $3^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ state; ${a}_{\frac{3}{2}}=19.06\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.36$ Mc/sec for the $3^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state; and $b=+2.58\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ Mc/sec or $b=\ensuremath{-}21.64\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7$ Mc/sec for the $3^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state. The strong-field spectrum of the $3^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ state strongly indicates that the correct value of $b$ is +2.58\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3 Mc/sec. The possible values of $Q$ are +0.100\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.011\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ cm for $b=+2.58$ Mc/sec, or -0.836\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.028\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ cm for $b=\ensuremath{-}21.64$ Mc/sec.
A factor in serum of human beings and animals that destroys T. vaginalis.

SummaryHuman serums and serums from several species of animals have the capacity to kill and disintegrate T. vaginalis with great rapidity. This activity of serum is destroyed by exposure of the serum to 56°C for 30 minutes.
Isolation of prostate cancer cell subpopulations of functional interest by use of an on-chip magnetic bead-based cell separator

This work presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a modular magnetic bead-based cell separation device developed for the sequential sorting of a heterogeneous prostate cancer (CaP) cell population. The chief aim is cell sorting carried out on the basis of surface marker expression, serially selecting cellular subpopulations for capture by the use of antibody-coated magnetic beads. The markers of interest, prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and CD10 were selected for their relevance to ongoing CaP development research. The separation device was fabricated out of plastic, by the use of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) injection molding, nickel–iron electroplating and thermoplastic fusion bonding. Effective depletion and enrichment of cell subsets based on multiple surface markers was achieved. Various flow rates and incubation times were tested for optimizing the sorting procedure.
A validation study of the preference for consistency scale

Abstract Preference for consistency (PFC) refers to the value some people place on potential human characteristics such as stability, predictability, and reliability. Participants scoring high or low on the PFC Scale [ Cialdini, R. B.,Trost, M. R., & Newsom, J. T.(1995). Preference for consistency: The development of a valid measure and the discovery of surprising behavioral implications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 318–328.] responded to a scenario in which they were stood-up by a friend. The scenario included either a good reason for being stood-up (sufficient justification) or a poor reason (insufficient justification). In accord with predictions derived from cognitive dissonance theory [ Festinger, (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press], insufficient justification participants derogated the friend more than sufficient participants, but this effect was stronger for high PFC participants than for low PFCs. In addition, insufficient participants reported that they were more offended for being stood-up than did sufficient participants. Interestingly, high PFCs reported more offense than low PFCs, even under sufficient justification. These results provide strong support for the validity of the PFC construct in general and for the Cialdini et al. scale in particular.
Begging what is at issue in the argument

The usual characterization of begging the question begs the question of whether the fallacy must be explained in terms of logical theory. I think it is wrong to define it as the fallacy of asking the audience to accept a premise that presupposes the truth of the conclusion because, as I explained in the first essay of this collection, I reject the idea that all there is to an argument is a sequence consisting of a series of premises followed by a conclusion. Much energy has been devoted to explaining how begging the question could be a fallacy in argument: the fallacy cannot be with the logic of the argument, because the premises entail the conclusion; nor can it be with the truth of a premise because all the premises might be true. I want to insist that the very existence of this problem about how begging the question can be a fallacy begs the question of whether the fallacy must be understood in terms of logical theory. My position is based on what I understand to be at issue; by claiming that discussions of begging the question are question begging I am drawing attention to an issue that I think must be addressed, an issue that is ignored in the literature.
GROUP METHODS IN TRAINING AND PRACTICE: NONPROFESSIONAL MENTAL HEALTH PERSONNEL IN A DEPRIVED COMMUNITY*

Currently efforts are being directed toward developing mental health services which are therapeutically useful to disadvantaged persons. A program, staffed in large part by persons from deprived backgrounds, is presented. A model for group training of such nonprofessionals for their new roles is described.
Professional Development in the Accountability Context: Building Capacity to Achieve Standards

For professional development to be effective as an accountability policy mechanism, it must address challenges posed by accountability while also building teachers' capacity to change. This article details the role of professional development in the accountability system and provides a review of literature on effective professional development, discussed in the context of accountability. We set forth a framework for professional development that responds to accountability demands and examine trends in professional development participation to assess the extent to which professional development has grown to reflect this framework. Although participation in sustained, content-focused professional development has increased, greater attention to other critical features of professional development is necessary to foster instruction and achievement improvements that accountability policy is intended to induce.
Role of Kinks in Dyeing Crystals: Confocal Luminescence Microscopy from Single Molecules to Square Centimeters

Large (1 cm3) potassium hydrogen phthalate (KAP) crystals grown in the presence of the fluorescent dye 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) show patterns of luminescence characteristic of selective inte...
A Socioeconomic Model of Induced Innovations for Argentine Agricultural Development

I. The inducement of innovations, 412. — II. Decision processes in the inducement of innovations, 415. — III. The adoption of new technologies, 422. — IV. The adjustment path of actual to latent demand, 424. — V. Induced innovations and Argentine agricultural development, 428.
Energy Balance Measurements with Corn Meal and Ground Oats for Lactating Cows

Abstract Energy balance was measured with lactating cows consuming diets of 40% alfalfa hay, 5.5% soybean meal, and 54.5% of either corn meal or ground oats. The net energy value for lactation (Mcal/kg dry matter) of the oats diet (1.60) agreed with that predicted by −.12 + .0266 total digestible nutrients (% of dry matter) whereas the net energy value of the corn meal diet (1.67) was lower than predicted (1.72). The lower efficiency of the corn meal diet was associated with depression in milk fat content. Net energies of corn meal and ground oats determined by difference were 1.85 and 1.73 Mcal per kg of dry matter. Total digestible nutrient values of the total diets were considerably below comparable values listed in tables of feed composition published by the National Research Council. Actual total digestible nutrient values of the corn and oats dry matter by difference were 77 and 69%. Consecutive trials with animals consuming the same diets demonstrated that 1 wk was adequate for adaptation by cows previously unfamiliar with the respiration apparatus.
Mechanism of efficient V–V in collisions of N2+(ν>0) with N2

Abstract Fully quantum mechanical calculations of state-to-state cross sections in vibrationally deactivating collisions of N2+(ν>0) with N2 are reported. A study of the opacity function confirms that V–V is a longer range process than V–T, as previously inferred from experiments, but only marginally so. Variations in the transition probability are found to be of greater importance in determining the state-to-state cross sections. Multi-quantum V–V, while weaker than single-quantum V–V, is competitive with single-quantum V–T processes.
Effect of Restricted Light and Hormones on Subsequent Egg Production of Winter Hatched Turkeys

Abstract IN A PREVIOUS report by Harper and Parker (1957) it was shown that winter hatched turkeys become refractory when reared during a time of year with increasing daily light. Termination of refractoriness could be brought about by subjecting hens, when 22 to 24 weeks of age, to a shortened daily light period of nine hours for three or four weeks. Following restricted lighting and re-exposure to a long day length, the hens laid at a rate two to three times that of hens maintained on long hours of daily light. Progesterone was used in the above experiments in an attempt to overcome the refractory condition without dependence upon a change to a short daily light period. Levels of 40 and 80 mg. of progesterone were found to depress egg production. A review of the pertinent literature will be found in the previous paper. In a more recent study Van Tienhoven …
Modeling and Validating CORSIM Freeway Origin-Destination Volumes:

In CORSIM (CORridor SIMulation) 4.32, a simplified gravity model was implemented in the freeway network to convert user input turning percentages to origin-destination (O-D) trip percentages. During the conversion, there were no O-D volume calculations or iterations to balance the destination volumes. The unbalanced destination volumes were directly converted to the turning percentages, which were different from the ones the user specified. These deficiencies in CORSIM 4.32 were corrected in the 5.0 and later versions with the procedures and methodologies described. First a linear system is introduced to obtain the O-D volumes from the entrance volumes and the ramp turning percentages, which are specified by the CORSIM user. The gravity model in CORSIM is different from the traditional gravity model in that a CORSIM user can specify certain O-D trips (in percentages) as constraints. Therefore, the O-D trip table is split into a user-specified O-D trip table and a table for the gravity model calculation. T...
Compiler optimizations for nondeferred reference: counting garbage collection

Reference counting is a well-known technique for automatic memory management, offering unique advantages over other forms of garbage collection. However, on account of the high costs associated with the maintenance of up-to-date tallies of references from the stack, deferred variants are typically used in modern implementations. This partially sacrifices some of the benefits of non-deferred reference-counting (RC) garbage collection, like the immediate reclamation of garbage and short collector pause times.This paper presents a series of optimizations that target the stack and substantially enhance the throughput of nondeferred RC collection. A key enabler is a new static analysis and optimization called RC subsumption that significantly reduces the overhead of maintaining the stack contribution to reference counts. We report execution time improvements on a benchmark suite of ten C# programs, and show how RC subsumption, aided with other optimizations, improves the performance of nondeferred RC collection by as much as a factor of 10, making possible running times that are within 32% of that with an advanced traversal-based collector on seven programs, and 19% of that with a deferred RC collector on eight programs. This is in the context of a baseline RC implementation that is typically at least a factor of 6 slower than the tracing collector and a factor of 5 slower than the deferred RC collector.
Effect of a single dose of diazepam on balance measures in older people.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the effect of a single dose of diazepam on a spectrum of balance measures in healthy older subjects. The measures include static (postural sway), dynamic (anterior tibialis muscle activation latency), and a complex self-initiated task of balance (functional reach) in addition to neuropsychological tests of attention. DESIGN: A double-blind, two-period, cross-over trial. SETTING: The community surrounding a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling, nonsmoking volunteers 65 years of age and older MEASUREMENTS: Measures included response to unexpected perturbation (platform/EMG muscle latency), self-initiated perturbation (functional reach), and a static measure of balance (postural sway). Neurocognitive tests (digital symbol substitution test, card sorting) were included to document the cognitive effect. RESULTS: Twelve nonsmoking healthy subjects (average age = 70.4 years (66–76 years)) participated. The anterior tibialis muscle latency increased in response to a sudden perturbation with diazepam compared with placebo (TA latency 149 ms vs 142 ms, P < .001). Neurocognitive tests were adversely affected for 90 minutes after diazepam administration compared with placebo (P < .05). Other measures did not demonstrate significant effect of diazepam. CONCLUSIONS: This is among the first reports showing that benzodiazepines affect neuromuscular processing related to balance control. Increased muscle latency to sudden perturbations may represent an effect of diazepam upon the oligosynaptic spinal reflex distinct from the sedation. Surface electromyography may be a valuable noninvasive tool for future studies of drug effect on balance and falls risk among older people.
SU-E-J-63: Discrete-Event Simulation Modelling to Improve Radiation Therapy Planning Process

Purpose: Inadequate scheduling of RT treatment planning can result in underutilization of resources or, more importantly, in creation of bottlenecks and potentially hazardous situations. In this study we evaluate a method for design of robust and efficient RT planning processes through the use of discrete event simulation (DES) and a novel system for collection of real life planning statistics. Methods: DES is used to model systems which evolve over time by representation of state variables which change instantaneously at separate points in time. As such, DES is very well suited for modeling of RT operations. In this study, we use commercial DES software (ARENA, Rockwell Automation, Inc.). The software allows detail representation of clinical RT workflows and it also enables inclusion of typical RT resources and constraints. The RT planning model requires data describing the patient arrival process, typical task times, percentage of rework and the resource availability. To facilitate collection of real life data, we designed an electronic white board system which automatically captures relevant clinical statistics. The system requires minimal input by staff and the majority of data is collected through routine clinical activities. This design facilitates high compliance and accuracy of collected data. Results: The whiteboard system enabled efficient collection and analysis of real life clinical performance data. The Arena model was able to identify failures and delays in planning process and their propagation through the system. The model allowed estimation of the failure probabilities at different stages in the planning process and their impact on the overall system. In addition, the model facilitated investigation of the effects of workflow alteration and patient load on the system performance, and identification of optimal system design schemes. Conclusions: The proposed method can be used for improvement of safety, quality, and efficiency of RT operations.
Energetics of ions in quadrupole fields

Abstract The phase-space dynamics approach is used to calculate velocity distributions and mean kinetic energies of ions contained by quadrupole fields and to examine their dependence on the phase of the rf field.
Thin-wall back extrusion of partially remelted semi-solid Sn-Pb

A back extrusion technique was used to study the isothermal flow behavior of partially remelted Sn-15.6 pct Pb through thin-walled sections. Shear rates between 50 and 300 s−1 were used to produce cylinders with walls ranging from 1 to 2.5 mm in thickness. Back extrusion was found to be an unsuitable technique for characterizing the rheological behavior of high solid fraction semi-solid material through thin-walled sections. Inhomogeneous flow occurred, with the extruded product having a higher fraction of liquid than the original nonextruded sample. The fraction of liquid in the wall of the extruded product was found to be a function of the extrusion ratio, increasing with decreasing wall thickness.
Some Considerations for the Understanding of Small Herd Dynamics in East African Arid Zones: The Long-Term Consequences of Bridewealth Exchange Networks

While many recent studies of East African pastoralists have begun to consider the social and material contexts within which cattle come to be valued, few have stressed the importance of pastoral production for subsistence needs, and even fewer the conditions under which this production takes place. This paper will show that a thorough understanding of herd management strategies, including the circulation of cattle through bridewealth, demands that we consider the long-term environmental risks inherent in pastoral production in arid lands. A computer simulation demonstrates the manner in which, in the course of 50-year spans, stochastic and environmental factors affect small herds. I go on to show the manner in which differing levels of bridewealth payments can offset the risk associated with a highly fluctuating environmental context.
Goals for United States higher education: from democracy to globalisation

Although globalisation has been an increasingly important characteristic of United States higher education for over two decades, there has been little historical analysis of the process or its origins. This article argues that beginning in the early 1970s, institutional, national, and international events established a powerful context for the development of college and university goals that focus on globalisation. These goals are substantially different from the goals of improving the democracy and opportunities for full citizenship articulated in the report of the 1947 President’s Commission on Higher Education and subsequently affirmed in other national reports as late as 1971.
Trigger points and myofascial pain: toward understanding how they affect headaches

Myofascial pain, referred from hyperalgesic trigger points located in skeletal muscle and its associated fascia, is a common cause of persistent regional pain. Clinical and experimental literature on manifestations, pathophysiology, and management of pain from myofascial trigger points is reviewed with priority given to how pain referred from trigger points generates, triggers, and maintains headaches—especially chronic and recurrent ones. Because treating myofascial problems may be the only way to offer complete relief from certain types of headache, clinicians must learn to diagnose and manage trigger points in neck, shoulder, and head muscles.