cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Apoptotic protein expression and activation of caspases is changed following cholinergic denervation and hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth in rat hippocampus

Following cholinergic denervation of the hippocampus by medial septal lesions, an unusual neuronal reorganization occurs in which peripheral adrenergic fibers arising from superior cervical ganglia grow into the hippocampus (hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth). Recent studies suggest that a similar process, in which sympathetic noradrenergic axons invade the hippocampus, can occur in Alzheimer's disease patients. In the last few years, the occurrence of apoptotic cell death has been studied in Alzheimer's disease patients and in animal models of this disorder. Several studies suggest that the hippocampus is an important area to be considered for apoptotic cell death. In our studies in the rat hippocampus, we have measured the expression of inducers and blockers of apoptosis in membrane, cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions, and the activity of caspases. The level of cytosolic Fas was increased in cholinergic denervation compared to control and hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth groups. The membrane Fas ligand expression was significantly increased in hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth and in cholinergic denervation compared to the control group. The level of caspase-3 (CPP32) was increased in the cholinergic denervation group compared to control and hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth groups. The cytosolic expression of bcl-x was increased in hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth compared to control and cholinergic denervation. The cytosolic activity of caspase-3 appeared to be significantly decreased in hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth and increased in cholinergic denervation groups compared to control and cholinergic denervation/hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth, respectively. From the present results, we suggest that cholinergic denervation may be responsible for pro-apoptotic responses, while hippocampal sympathetic ingrowth may protect neurons from apoptosis in rat dorsal hippocampus.
Consumer Evaluations of Sale Prices: Role of the Subtraction Principle

How exactly does the display location of a sale price relative to the original price affect consumers' evaluations? Across multiple studies, including field studies with actual choices and studies with nonstudent samples, this article shows that consumer evaluations are a function of the display location of the sale price, but such evaluations are moderated by discount depth. First, presenting the smaller number to the right (vs. left) makes it easier to initiate the subtraction task, a phenomenon the authors refer to as the “subtraction principle.” Second, given that evaluating sale prices inherently involves a subtraction task, locating sale prices to the right (vs. left) of the original price facilitates calculation of discount depth, increasing evaluations for moderate discounts but not for low discounts. These effects are potentially reversed in cases of both very low discounts and exaggerated discounts. The findings in this article offer novel and nonintuitive insights into how sale price display lo...
Painful ophthalmoplegia of the right eye in a 20-year-old man.

Abstract Background Painful ophthalmoplegia is an infrequent but very important presentation in the acute care setting and requires a thorough neurologic evaluation to determine its cause. This clinical sign has a large differential and generally indicates a serious cerebrovascular process. Case Report We describe a patient with a subacute presentation of painful ophthalmoplegia, ultimately diagnosed as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, a rare inflammatory process of the cavernous sinus. Conclusion This case highlights the importance for the Emergency Physician to quickly recognize painful ophthalmoplegia and rapidly elucidate the cause to prevent further complications for the patient.
Sounding rocket payload designed for investigations of the distribution and dynamics of the hot component of the interstellar medium using a field-widened spatial heterodyne spectrometer

We are developing a field-widened spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) for suborbital observations of the hot component of the diffuse interstellar medium. Our goal for these observations is to obtain the first velocity-resolved (20 km/s) line profiles of the C IV 154.8, 5.1 nm emission line from the Cygnus loop and from one direction at high galactic latitude. Long term, our interest is to develop an SHS instrument for a radial-velocity-resolved sky survey of the 105 K 'coronal gas' in the interstellar medium using a small satellite. This paper reviews the scientific motivation and SHS concept and then discusses in more detail the optical design of the sounding rocket payload and the data taking strategy for the observations.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Perinatal white matter injury: The changing spectrum of pathology and emerging insights into pathogenetic mechanisms

Perinatal brain injury in survivors of premature birth has a unique and unexplained predilection for periventricular cerebral white matter. Periventricular white-matter injury (PWMI) is now the most common cause of brain injury in preterm infants and the leading cause of chronic neurological morbidity. The spectrum of chronic PWMI includes focal cystic necrotic lesions (periventricular leukomalacia; PVL) and diffuses myelination disturbances. Recent neuroimaging studies support that the incidence of PVL is declining, whereas focal or diffuse noncystic injury is emerging as the predominant lesion. Factors that predispose to PVL during prematurity include hypoxia, ischemia, and maternal-fetal infection. In a significant number of infants, PWMI appears to be initiated by perturbations in cerebral blood flow that reflect anatomic and physiological immaturity of the vasculature. Ischemic cerebral white matter is susceptible to pronounced free radical-mediated injury that particularly targets immature stages of the oligodendrocyte lineage. Emerging experimental data supports that pronounced ischemia in the periventricular white matter is necessary, but not sufficient to generate PWMI. The developmental predilection for PWMI to occur during prematurity appears to be related to both the timing of appearance and regional distribution of susceptible oligodendrocyte progenitors. Injury to oligodendrocyte progenitors may contribute to the pathogenesis of PWMI by disrupting the maturation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. Chemical mediators that may contribute to white-matter injury include reactive oxygen species glutamate, cytokines, and adenosine. As our understanding of the pathogenesis of PWMI improves, it is anticipated that new strategies for directly preventing brain injury in premature infants will develop.
Welcome to Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders

We are witnessing dramatic and exciting shifts in the very foundations of mental health and psychiatry . At this time perhaps more than any other it is imperative that research into the biological underpinnings of psychopathology be given a proper outlet to inform, educate and advance these processes in the service of improving the human condition. Indeed, specialized outlets have been created for biological research in a number of disorders including autism, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder . Surprisingly, no such dedicated outlet has been available for mood and anxiety disorders, the most common forms of psychopathology, until now.
Cardiac crossroads: deciding between mechanical or bioprosthetic heart valve replacement

Nearly 15 million people in the United States suffer from either aortic or mitral valvular disease. For patients with severe and symptomatic valvular heart disease, valve replacement surgery improves morbidity and mortality outcomes. In 2009, 90,000 valve replacement surgeries were performed in the United States. This review evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical and bioprosthetic prosthetic heart valves as well as the factors for consideration in deciding the appropriate valve type for an individual patient. Although many caveats exist, the general recommendation is for patients younger than 60 to 65 years to receive mechanical valves due to the valve’s longer durability and for patients older than 60 to 65 years to receive a bioprosthetic valve to avoid complications with anticoagulants. Situations that warrant special consideration include patient co-morbidities, the need for anticoagulation, and the potential for pregnancy. Once these characteristics have been considered, patients’ values, anxieties, and expectations for their lifestyle and quality of life should be incorporated into final valve selection. Decision aids can be useful in integrating preferences in the valve decision. Finally, future directions in valve technology, anticoagulation, and medical decision-making are discussed.
Friedel–Crafts polymerization of fluorene with methylene chloride, methoxyacetyl chloride, and chloromethyl methyl ether†

The polymerization of fluorene with various chloromethylating reagents (methylene chloride, methoxyacetyl chloride, and chloromethyl methyl ether) in the presence of aluminum chloride was studied. The products that were obtained were insoluble, infusible, colored powders which contain a low concentration of aromatic radicals. Each of the polymers is composed predominantly of fluorene nuclei bridged at the 2 and 7 positions by methylene groups. In addition, the materials possess varying amounts of crosslinked and ring-fused moieties. Based on physical and spectral properties and reaction stoichiometry, the fluorene/methylene chloride polymer is the most highly crosslinked of the three. The fluorene/methoxyacetyl chloride and fluorene/chloromethyl methyl ether polymers are similar to each other in most respects.
Staged repair of extensive aortic aneurysm: improved neurologic outcome.

Objective We reviewed the adjuncts for brain and spinal cord protection and modifications of operative techniques. Summary background data Two-staged repair--the "elephant trunk" technique--has provided the means for successful repair of massive aortic aneurysms, although historically morbidity has been high. Methods Between February 1991 and February 1996, we operated on 512 patients for thoracic aortic aneurysm. Preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative predictors of morbid outcomes were studied in 63 patients treated with the elephant trunk technique. Data were analyzed by contingency table methods. Results After stage 1, there were no strokes among patients who received retrograde cerebral perfusion (0 of 53), two strokes occurred among patients who did not receive retrograde cerebral perfusion (2 of 10 [20%]), and early mortality occurred in 4 of the 63 patients (6%). Interval mortality occurred in 6 of 59 patients (10%); 3 (50%) of these 6 deaths were due to distal aortic aneurysm rupture. Thirty-eight patients have undergone stage two repair thus far. There was no incidence of neurologic deficit after stage 2, and early mortality occurred in 1 of the 38 patients (3%). Conclusions Extensive aortic aneurysm can be successfully treated using the elephant trunk technique. In this group of patients, retrograde cerebral perfusion eliminated neurologic complications.
The Politics of Federal Technology Policy: 1980–1988

This paper examines the politics of federal initiatives in technology during the period 1980–1988 that promote economic competitiveness. It finds that the ideological consistency of these new initiatives with the prevailing political climate, and the presence of business constituencies for technology are key to the adoption of new technology initiatives. In the absence of a strong business interest, agency politics and efforts dealing with the budget deficit dominate. Progress by new technology policy initiativesfbunders m is incremental at best. This paper also discusses the trend toward “industry-led” technology policy.
Synthesis and structure of a twisted, colossal quinone

Abstract A very large quinone was prepared by the double Diels–Alder reaction of 2,5,9,12-tetra( t -butyl)diacenaphtho[1,2- b :1′,2′- d ]thiophene and benzoquinone. The crystal structure of the polycyclic product shows that the central anthraquinone ring system is quite twisted (50°), and the overall structure possesses approximate D 2 symmetry.
Identification of structural motifs and amino acids within the structure of human heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase that mediate enzymatic function.

In an accompanying paper [J. R. Myette, Z. Shriver, J. Liu, G. Venkataraman, and R. Sasisekharan (2002) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 290, 1206-1213], we described the purification and biochemical characterization of a soluble, recombinantly expressed form of the human heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferase (3-OST-1). Such an important first step enables detailed structure-function studies for this class of enzymes. Herein, we describe a complimentary, structure-based homology modeling approach for predicting 3-OST-1 structure. This approach employs a variety of structural analysis and molecular modeling tools used in conjunction with protein crystallographic studies of related enzymes. In this manner, we describe important motifs within the predicted three-dimensional structure of the enzyme and identify specific amino acids that are likely important for enzymatic function.
Asking the right questions: model-driven optimization using probes

In several database applications, parameters like selectivities and load are known only with some associated uncertainty, which is specified, or modeled, as a distribution over values. The performance of query optimizers and monitoring schemes can be improved by spending resources like time or bandwidth in observing or resolving these parameters, so that better query plans can be generated. In a resource-constrained situation, deciding which parameters to observe in order to best optimize the expected quality of the plan generated (or in general, optimize the expected value of a certain objective function) itself becomes an interesting optimization problem.We present a framework for studying such problems, and present several scenarios arising in anomaly detection in complex systems, monitoring extreme values in sensor networks, load shedding in data stream systems, and estimating rates in wireless channels and minimum latency routes in networks, which can be modeled in this framework with the appropriate objective functions.Even for several simple objective functions, we show the problems are Np-Hard. We present greedy algorithms with good performance bounds. The proof of the performance bounds are via novel sub-modularity arguments.
Attention Increases Sensitivity of V4 Neurons

When attention is directed to a location in the visual field, sensitivity to stimuli at that location is increased. At the neuronal level, this could arise either through a multiplicative increase in firing rate or through an increase in the effective strength of the stimulus. To test conflicting predictions of these alternative models, we recorded responses of V4 neurons to stimuli across a range of luminance contrasts and measured the change in response when monkeys attended to them in order to discriminate a target stimulus from nontargets. Attention caused greater increases in response at low contrast than at high contrast, consistent with an increase in effective stimulus strength. On average, attention increased the effective contrast of the attended stimulus by a factor of 1.51, an increase of 51% of its physical contrast.
Modeling Outcomes With Floor or Ceiling Effects: An Introduction to the Tobit Model

In gifted education research, it is common for outcome variables to exhibit strong floor or ceiling effects due to insufficient range of measurement of many instruments when used with gifted populations. Common statistical methods (e.g., analysis of variance, linear regression) produce biased estimates when such effects are present. In practice, it is frequent for researchers to ignore ceiling effects and proceed with traditional analysis. However, the problems caused by ceiling effects are not without possible solutions. This Methodological Brief describes a variation of multiple regression, called the Tobit model, which is capable of correct inference when floor or ceiling effects are present. A brief simulation study illustrates the performance of the Tobit model with a dataset exhibiting a ceiling effect.
Pathologic and clinical spectrum of post-thymic T-cell malignancies.

(1984). Pathologic and Clinical Spectrum of Post-Thymic T-Cell Malignancies. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 413-426.
Compositional stability analysis based on dual decomposition

We propose a compositional stability analysis framework for verifying properties of systems that are interconnections of multiple subsystems. The proposed method assembles stability certificates for the interconnected system based on the certificates for the input-output properties of the subsystems. The decomposition in the analysis is achieved by utilizing dual decomposition ideas from optimization. Decoupled subproblems establish subsystem level input-output properties whereas the “master” problem imposes and updates the conditions on the subproblems toward ensuring interconnected system level stability properties. Both global stability analysis and region-of-attraction analysis are discussed.
Characterization of Silicon Carbide Differential Amplifiers at High Temperature

This paper reports the characterization and modeling of differential amplifiers constructed using integrated 6H-Silicon Carbide (SiC) depletion-mode n-channel JFETs operating at temperatures up to 450degC, along with off-chip passive components. The 3-stage amplifier has a differential voltage gain of -50 dB and a unity-gain frequency of -200 kHz at 450degC, limited by test parasiticus. With further improvements in the related interconnect technology, the JFET technology reported here would enable analog sensor interface circuits operating at temperatures as high as 600degC for use in data acquisition from high-impedance microsensors.
A Universal Process Control Interface

The Interface Configuration Adapter (ICA) implements most process I/O interfaces through four independently configured ports. Each port is configured under software control to interface ac, dc, or digital signals. An ICA based interface board can replace a multiplicity of signal-oriented interface boards. The ICA is inherently testable.
Regulative, Normative, and Cognitive Elements of Organizations: Implications for Managing Change

Drawing support from current and seminal work on institutional theory, this paper explores the role of three elementsinvolved in the management of change - regulative, normative, and cognitive. While organizational changetraditionally deals with challenges associated with changing technologies, structures, and employee abilities,effective change also depends on the values and behavioral reasoning that originate in the institutional context –whether people have to change, ought to change, or want to change. A conceptual model reflecting the interplay ofthese systems on organizational change is presented, and implications for change management research and practiceare extended.
Top journals selectivity index and me-too drugs

To assess the probability of success of an analgesic drug we have proposed a bibliometric indicator, the Top Journals Selectivity Index (TJSI) (Kissin 2011). It represents the ratio (as %) between the number of all types of articles on a particular drug in the top 20 biomedical journals and the number of articles on that drug in all (>5,000) journals covered by Medline over the first 5 years after that drug's introduction. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that TJSI may be used for the assessment of follow-on drugs (those that follow a first-in-class drug). The study tested two hypotheses. First, TJSI can detect the difference (in the same class) between drugs with distinguishing features and drugs without them ("me-too" drugs) better than other publication indices, i.e., the number of all types of articles on a drug in journals presented by Medline (AJI), and the number of articles covering only randomized controlled trials (RCT). Second, there is a relationship between the TJSI of "me-too" drugs and the order (sequential number) in which those drugs reached the market. The study was based on drug classes approved for marketing between the 1960's and the early 2000's. The eight classes that had 4 or more drugs were included for analysis. Five specific indicators were used to determine drug's distinguishing pharmacological properties. It was found that TJSI can detect the difference between follow-on drugs with distinguishing features and those without them better than the other publication indices (AJI or RCT). Our analysis also demonstrated a negative correlation (r = ?0.372, p = 0.014) between the TJSI of drugs without distinguishing features ("me-too" drugs) and the order of the drug's market entry. This implies that TJSI could be useful for the assessment of situations with multiple market entrants in the same class when a new addition has a questionable value.
Developmental maturation of astrocytes and pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders

Recent studies have implicated potentially significant roles for astrocytes in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders. Astrocytes undergo a dramatic maturation process following early differentiation from which typical morphology and important functions are acquired. Despite significant progress in understanding their early differentiation, very little is known about how astrocytes become functionally mature. In addition, whether functional maturation of astrocytes is disrupted in neurodevelopmental disorders and the consequences of this disruption remains essentially unknown. In this review, we discuss our perspectives about how astrocyte developmental maturation is regulated, and how disruption of the astrocyte functional maturation process, especially alterations in their ability to regulate glutamate homeostasis, may alter synaptic physiology and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Interaction of the Voluntary and Governmental Sectors: Toward an Understanding of the Coproduction of Municipal Services

Fiscal strain and the demandfor more responsive service delivery have combined to create an interest in new ways of involving citizens in municipal service delivery systems and of increasing the ef...
Decreased responsiveness to reward in depression

We have interpreted the literature showing left anterior hypoactivation in depression as reflecting a decrease in approach-related motivation and behaviour among depressed subjects. In support of this model, we have previously demonstrated a decreased responsiveness to reward in subclinically depressed dysphoric subjects. The current study was designed to replicate and extend those findings. Clinically depressed subjects who met DSM-IV criteria for major depression were compared to a group of nondepressed control subjects on a verbal memory task under three monetary payoff conditions: neutral, reward, and punishment. Although control subjects changed their pattern of responding in both the reward and punishment conditions, relative to the neutral condition, so as to maximise their earnings, depressed subjects did not do so during reward. The two groups did not differ during the punishment condition. These findings provide additional evidence of a decreased responsiveness to reward in depressed individuals...
Stability of interconnected dynamical systems described on Banach spaces

New stability results for a large class of interconnected dynamical systems (also called composite systems or large-scale systems) described on Banach spaces are established. In the present approach, the objective is always the same: to analyze large-scale systems in terms of their lower order and simpler subsystems and in terms of their interconnecting structure. The present results provide a systematic procedure of analyzing hybrid dynamical systems (i.e., systems that are described by a mixture of different types of equations). To demonstrate the method of analysis advanced, two specific examples are considered.
Ohmic contacts on n-type polycrystalline silicon carbide with Ti/TaSi 2 /Pt

We report a thermodynamically-stable Ti/TaSi 2 /Pt Ohmic contact on n-type, heavily-nitrogen-doped low-pressure chemical vapor deposited polycrystalline 3C-silicon carbide; this Ohmic contact metallization is suitable for stable high temperature operation. The contact shows excellent linearity and has a specific contact resistance (SCR) as low as 2×10−5 Ω-cm 2 , directly after sequential sputtering of 100 nm of Ti, 400 nm of TaSi 2 and 200 nm of Pt. The SCR of the metallization following a 20-mins anneal in nitrogen ambient at 600°C decreases to 3.9×10−6 Ω-cm 2 . The contact remains Ohmic throughout 1000 hours of aging in air at 550°C. Auger electron spectroscopy has been used to analyze the metal/semiconductor interface to understand the prevailing reactions in this metal-semiconductor contact.
AC plasma display device technology overview

AC Plasma display panel technology has reached maturity as evidenced by its manufacture for over five years and by several companies. The technology choices that one has in the fabrication of matrix-addressed panels operated with memory, are numerous. The effect on yield and reliability of some of the materials and processing options are discussed.
The Sensitivity of Simulated Supercell Structure and Intensity to Variations in the Shapes of Environmental Buoyancy and Shear Profiles

Abstract Convective storm simulations are conducted using varying thermal and wind profile shapes, subject to the constraints of strict conservation of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and hodograph trace. Small and large CAPE regimes and straight and curved hodographs are studied, each with a matrix of systematically varying thermal and wind profile shapes having identical levels of free convection and bulk Richardson numbers favorable to supercell development. Differences in storm intensity and morphology resulting from changes in the profile shapes can be profound, especially in the small CAPE regime, where, for the moderate shears studied here, storms are generally weak except when the buoyancy is concentrated at low levels. In stronger CAPE regimes, less dramatic relative enhancements of storm updraft intensity are found when both the buoyancy and shear are concentrated at low levels. Peak midlevel vertical vorticity correlates roughly with peak updraft speed in the small CAPE regime, but...
Core temperature and shape measurements from ignition implosions at the National Ignition Facility using multispectral x-ray imaging

Peak core temperature is an important measure of implosion performance, and will be a critical diagnostic of ignition implosion performance at the National Ignition Facility because peak temperatures must attain high values in order to form the hot-spot spark that ignites the main mass of deuterium-tritium fuel. We plan to measure peak core temperatures, resolved in space and time, using a gated pinhole camera that differentially filters the individual images in different continuum x-ray bands. Ross pair analysis allows the temperature profile to be measured directly. We describe the technique, the various challenges that include x-ray scattering, Abel inversion of noisy images that do not have perfect two-dimensional symmetry, calibrations, and background suppression, and we discuss how we expect to meet these challenges.
Structure-activity relationship of human bone sialoprotein peptides

In the current study, the relationship between the structure of the RGD-containing human bone sialoprotein (hBSP) peptide 278-293 and its attachment activity toward osteoblast-like (MC3T3) cells was investigated. This goal was accomplished by examining the comparative cell attachment activities of several truncated forms of peptide 278-293. Computer modeling of the various peptides was also performed to assess the role of secondary structure in peptide bioactivity. The elimination of the tyrosine-278 at the N-terminus resulted in a more dramatic loss of cell attachment activity compared to the removal of either tyrosine-293 or the arg-ala-tyr (291-293) tripeptide. Although the replacement of the RGD (arg-gly-asp) peptide moiety with peptide KAE (lys-ala-glu) resulted in a dramatic loss of cell attachment activity, a peptide containing RGE (arg-glyglu) in place of RGD retained 70-85 % of the parental peptide's attachment activity. These results suggest that the N-terminal RGD-flanking region of hBSP peptide 278-293, in particular the tyrosine-278 residue, represents a second cell attachment site that stabilizes the RGD-integrin receptor complex. Computer modeling also suggested that a β-turn encompassing RGD or RGE in some of the hBSP peptides may facilitate its binding to integrins by increasing the exposure of the tripeptide. This knowledge may be useful in the future design of biomimetic peptides which are more effective in promoting the attachment of osteogenic cells to implant surfaces in vivo.
Coping With Grief in Response to Caring for Persons With AIDS

AIDS has or will affect virtually every professional health care provider. Occupational therapists are in a key position to identify and intervene with the social and occupational changes and losses commonly experienced by this patient population. Suggestions are provided to assist occupational therapists in helping patients with AIDS maintain meaning in their lives. Strategies to help occupational therapists prevent burnout resulting from the emotional stress related to caring for patients with AIDS are suggested as well.
A Short History of the Use of Technology To Model and Analyze Student Data for Teaching and Research

The use of technology for teaching, learning and research has become almost ubiquitous in the chemistry classroom from student response systems, simulations and virtual environments, to online courses complete with assessments. The data generated by such activities can provide insight into how students learn and how we might provide environments that support learning. However, to take full advantage of the affordances of technology, the activities that students perfom must be meaningful and must generate useful data that can shed light on student learning and trajectories towards competence. In this paper we present examples from our work describing how we have used technology to investigate and assess student learning with large enrollment courses.
Total Hip Arthroplasty With an Uncemented Tapered Femoral Component in Patients Younger Than 50 Years of Age: A Minimum 20-Year Follow-Up Study

Abstract Background Previously, we reported the mean 16-year results of primary uncemented total hip arthroplasty using a tapered femoral component in patients Methods Between 1983 and 1990, 108 consecutive uncemented total hip arthroplasties were performed in 91 patients of age Results In the entire cohort of 108 hips, 9 femoral components (8%) have been revised, none for aseptic loosening. Five well-fixed stems were removed during acetabular revision, 3 stems were revised for infection, and 1 stem was exchanged because of a peroneal nerve palsy. Distal femoral osteolysis was identified around 1 hip. With failure defined as stem removal for any reason, implant survival was 90% (CI = 82-95) at 29 years. With failure defined as stem removal for aseptic loosening, implant survival was 100% at 29 years. Conclusion Primary total hip arthroplasty with the Taperloc femoral component in young patients was associated with a high rate of survival at 29 years.
Intersectionality and cyberbullying

Display Omitted Our paper applies an intersectional approach to the study of cyberbullying.We explore the conditional impact of race, gender, and sexuality on victimization.We conducted an original survey of students in a Midwestern high school (N=752).Race moderates the impact of gender (but not sexuality) on cybervictimization.Our results add much-needed complexity to the cyberbullying literature. Cyberbullying has been the focus of much empirical research in the past decade. Several scholars have examined the effects of gender on cyberbullying with mixed results. Little research, however, has considered the effects of race and sexuality, and analyzing these demographic characteristics individually (i.e., non-interactively) provides a limited view of the influences of race, gender, and sexuality on cybervictimization. Accordingly, we employ an intersectional approach that captures more fully the nuances between cyberbullying and social location. For example, given the centrality of race in American society, it is surprising that the research on cyberbullying among adolescents finds little evidence of a "race effect." We hypothesize that racial identity moderates the degree to which cybervictimization rates vary by gender and sexuality. Evidence from an original survey of students in a Midwestern high school (N=752) lends qualified support to our conditional hypotheses: the relationship between gender and victimization is stronger for white students than it is for students of color, but there are no racial differences in the impact of a student's sexuality and their experiences with cyberbullying.
Hairless is translocated to the nucleus via a novel bipartite nuclear localization signal and is associated with the nuclear matrix.

Hair follicle cycling is an exquisitely regulated and dynamic process consisting of phases of growth, regression and quiescence. The transitions between the phases are governed by a growing number of regulatory proteins, including transcription factors. The hairless (hr) gene encodes a putative transcription factor that is highly expressed in the skin, where it appears to be an essential regulator during the regression of the catagen hair follicle. In hairless mice, as well as humans with congenital atrichia, the absence of hr gene function initiates a premature and abnormal catagen due to a dysregulation of apoptosis and cell adhesion, and defects in the signaling required for hair follicle remodeling. Here, we report structure-function studies of the hairless gene product, in which we identify a novel bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the form KRA(X13) PKR. Deletion analysis of the mouse hr gene mapped the NLS to amino acid residues 409–427. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of cells transiently transfected with hairless-green fluorescent fusion proteins demonstrated that these amino acid residues are necessary and sufficient for nuclear localization. Furthermore, nuclear fractionation analysis revealed that the hr protein is associated with components of the nuclear matrix.
A Warning for the Wagner Polarization Cell

In the study of electrolytes it is crucial to determine the relative tranport numbers of ionic species and electronic species. One elegant method used to separate the elctronic components is through the use of a DC potential and a blocking electrode. This technique and the corresponding analysis was described by Carl Wagner in his classic 1957 paperl.
Developmental Studies in the Apple Fruit in the Varieties McIntosh Red and Wagener I. Vascular Anatomy

(1940). Developmental Studies in the Apple Fruit in the Varieties McIntosh Red and Wagener I. Vascular Anatomy. Journal of Pomology and Horticultural Science: Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 218-232.
Latent Cosmopolitan and Local Orientation Among Rural Emergency Service Volunteers

In rural regions, trained volunteer firefighters and medics provide emergency services, often with considerable personal risk and without financial reward. However, these Volunteers exhibit two dif...
A Tutorial on Secure Outsourcing of Large-scale Computations for Big Data

Today’s society is collecting a massive and exponentially growing amount of data that can potentially revolutionize scientific and engineering fields, and promote business innovations. With the advent of cloud computing, in order to analyze data in a cost-effective and practical way, users can outsource their computing tasks to the cloud, which offers access to vast computing resources on an on-demand and pay-per-use basis. However, since users’ data contains sensitive information that needs to be kept secret for ethical, security, or legal reasons, many users are reluctant to adopt cloud computing. To this end, researchers have proposed techniques that enable users to offload computations to the cloud while protecting their data privacy. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the secure outsourcing of large-scale computations for a big data analysis. We first introduce two most fundamental and common computational problems, i.e., linear algebra and optimization, and then provide an extensive review of the data privacy preserving techniques. After that, we explain how researchers have exploited the data privacy preserving techniques to construct secure outsourcing algorithms for large-scale computations.
Non-stationary spatio-temporal modeling of traffic-related pollutants in near-road environments.

A problem often encountered in environmental epidemiological studies assessing the health effects associated with ambient exposure to air pollution is the spatial misalignment between monitors' locations and subjects' actual residential locations. Several strategies have been adopted to circumvent this problem and estimate pollutants concentrations at unsampled sites, including spatial statistical or geostatistical models that rely on the assumption of stationarity to model the spatial dependence in pollution levels. Although computationally convenient, the assumption of stationarity is often untenable for pollutants concentration, particularly in the near-road environment. Building upon the work of Fuentes (2001) and Schmidt et al. (2011), in this paper we present a non-stationary spatio-temporal model for three traffic-related pollutants in a localized near-road environment. Modeling each pollutant separately and independently, we express each pollutant's concentration as a mixture of two independent spatial processes, each equipped with a non-stationary covariance function with covariates driving the non-stationarity and the mixture weights.
Performance Evaluation of Missile Weapon Systems Based on Advanced TOPSIS Theory

Because of the structural complexity of missile weapon systems and the limitation of decision-maker's knowledge,the indicators of performance evaluation are often vague and subjective. Therefore,how to translate the fuzzy attribution value into fixed value becomes an issue to be addressed first. In this paper,a weighted average method is introduced to translate the fuzzy attribution value into fixed value,and TOPSIS theory is introduced to evaluate the system. On this basis,the paper uses this method to model and analyze missile weapon systems,and uses Matlab to simulate and compute a specific example. The simulation result shows that the algorithm can effectively and efficiently translate fuzzy attribution value into fixed value,and can provide reliable conclusion for decision-makers.
CT manifestation of tuberculous meningitis in children (analysis of 151 cases)

Objective: To evaluate the value of CT in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in children. Methods: 151 patients were diagnosed as TBM clinically, and were examined by plain CT in which 78 cases also had contrast enhanced CT. 62 cases were reexamined 2-5 times. Results: Twenty-one cases were normal on CT and 130 cases were abnormal. Among them, 128 had hydrocephalus, the cerebral sulcus appeared widen in 73 cases, the basilar cisterns of 85 cases were obliterated and with increased density, 56 had abnormal meningeal vasculatures, 54 had ischemic infarct, 26 had tuberculoma and 22 had calcification. Conclusion: The value of CT in diagnosing childhood tuberculous meningitis is very important. The cerebral sulcus appeared widened on CT can be the only sign in early stage. The obliteration and enhancement of the basilar cisterns followed by hydrocephalus and ischemic infarct are the typical manifestations. The sensitivity of contrast enhanced CT in showing characteristic abnormal meningeal vasculatures and tuberculoma is better than that of plain CT.
Homochiral [2.2]Paracyclophane Self-Assembly Promoted by Transannular Hydrogen Bonding

[2.2]paracyclophane (pCp), unlike many π-building blocks, has been virtually unexplored in supramolecular constructs. Reported here is the synthesis and characterization of the first pCp derivatives capable of programmed self-assembly into extended cofacial π-stacks in solution and the solid state. The design employs transannular (intramolecular) hydrogen bonds (H-bonds), hitherto unstudied in pCps, between pseudo-ortho-positioned amides of a pCp-4,7,12,15-tetracarboxamide (pCpTA) to preorganize the molecules for intermolecular H-bonding with π-stacked neighbors. X-ray crystallography confirms the formation of homochiral, one-dimensional pCpTA stacks helically laced with two H-bond strands. The chiral sense is dictated by the planar chirality (Rp or Sp ) of the pCpTA monomers. A combination of NMR, IR, and UV/Vis studies confirms the formation of the first supramolecular pCp polymers in solution.
Global Perspectives on Global History: A term and a trend: contours in the United States

Change in academic landscapes As the previous chapter has shown, American universities were closely connected with several transnational movements criticizing facets of university-based historiography. While it would be erroneous to assume that the rising problem-consciousness regarding Eurocentric visions disseminated from the United States to other parts of the world, American academia played a significant role as a transaction hub in the global flows of theories. At the same time, many related academic transformations at US institutions of higher learning were not only caused by international movements of scholars: also a chain of domestic developments contributed to their growing presence. Since the specific rhythms of change were quite cacophonous, it is possible to sketch only some of the main forces which during the past half century were relevant for the significant changes in historical scholarship practiced on US campuses.
Integration of geometric and topological uncertainties for geospatial Data Fusion and Mining

Spatial distribution of the dynamic network is a complex and dynamic mixture of its topology and geometry. Historically the separation of topology and geometry in mathematics was motivated by the need to separate the invariant part of the spatial distribution (topology) from a less invariant part (geometry). The geometric characteristics such as orientation, shape, and proximity are not invariant. This separation between geometry and topology was done under the assumption that the topological structure is certain and does not change over time. New challenges to deal with dynamic and uncertain topological structure require reexamination of this fundamental assumption. Data Fusion and Mining (DFM) are critical for current and future geospatial data analysis. Both technologies heavily depend on topological and geometrical representation and the selection of similarity measures. Capturing and representing uncertainty of orientation, shape, proximity, connectivity, and similarity are of the highest interest in DMF. Challenges include representation of the topological structure of the spatial objects when noise, obstacles, temporary loss of communication and other factors make them uncertain. The change of the network structure over time is another challenge. This work proposes a methodology for capturing, representing, and recording the uncertain and dynamic topology and geometry for spatial data fusion and mining. The capability of the methodology is demonstrated on the mathematical models and vector-to-vector and raster-to-vector conflation/registration problems.
Net Neutrality| Net Neutrality and the Public Interest: An Interview With Gene Kimmelman, President and CEO of Public Knowledge (Forum)

President and CEO of Public Knowledge Gene Kimmelman discusses the role of public interest advocacy in the fight for net neutrality, and offers his views on effective strategies for activism, lobbying, and reform in charged political climates gleaned from decades of working for social justice in Washington, DC.
Nonparametric risk and stability analysis for multi-task learning problems

Multi-task learning attempts to simultaneously leverage data from multiple domains in order to estimate related functions on each domain. For example, a special case of multi-task learning, transfer learning, is often employed when one has a good estimate of a function on a source domain, but is unable to estimate a related function well on a target domain using only target data. Multitask/ transfer learning problems are usually solved by imposing some kind of "smooth" relationship among/between tasks. In this paper, we study how different smoothness assumptions on task relations affect the upper bounds of algorithms proposed for these problems under different settings. For general multi-task learning, we study a family of algorithms which utilize a reweighting matrix on task weights to capture the smooth relationship among tasks, which has many instantiations in existing literature. Furthermore, for multi-task learning in a transfer learning framework, we study the recently proposed algorithms for the "model shift", where the conditional distribution P(Y|X) is allowed to change across tasks but the change is assumed to be smooth. In addition, we illustrate our results with experiments on both simulated and real data.
The Effect of Different Preparations on Film-Induced Anxiety

To test the hypothesis that emotional responses can be affected by prior experience, three groups of subjects were prepared in three different ways. One group saw an anxiety-evoking autopsy film, one group saw a relaxing travel film, and the third group saw no film. Then all groups saw the stress film, Subincision. Subjects who saw the travel film showed the greatest anxiety response to Subincision, subjects who saw the autopsy film showed the least response, and no-treatment subjects fell between. This “contrast effect” is discussed in terms of Helson’s adaptation level theory.
Instructor-Led Approach to Integrating an Augmented Reality Sandbox into a Large-Enrollment Introductory Geoscience Course for Nonmajors Produces No Gains

ABSTRACT The augmented reality (AR) sandbox bridges the gap between two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) visualization by projecting a digital topographic map onto a sandbox landscape. As the landscape is altered, the map dynamically adjusts, providing an opportunity to discover how to read topographic maps. We tested the hypothesis that the AR sandbox is a more effective tool for teaching topographic maps than the traditional, paper-based approach alone. Students enrolled in an introductory geology course were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (N = 82) completed the paper-based topographic maps laboratory course. The experimental group (N = 94) completed the same laboratory course but also used the AR sandbox. Students spent 15–20 min working on an instructor-guided exercise to explore concepts such as contours, landforms, profiles, and gradients. The following week, all students took a topographic maps assessment. As in previous studies, these data suggest that male students...