cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in empathy-related cry responding as a function of time: A time course study of adult's responses to infant crying.

Abstract Describing temporal relations between perceptual and emotional elements underlying responses to infant crying is important to our understanding of sensitive parenting. Prior research on adults’ responses to infant crying has mostly relied on playback and snapshot approaches to obtaining recall of responses following exposure to relatively short cry stimuli. This study documented continuous temporal relations in the perception of the infant's distress and affect-related processes in response to a 4-min-long bout of crying. Three visual-analog slider scales were used to collect 90 participants’ real-time responses on perceived aversiveness of the cry, empathic concern for the infant, and personal distress elicited by the cry, respectively. The results highlighted a moderating role of empathic concern at certain second in the relation between personal distress and empathic concern at the following second. In addition, personal distress moderated the relation between concurrent perceived aversiveness and empathic concern. The findings carry potentially important implications for cognitive and emotional regulation in adaptive parenting.
Dispersal of Particulate Waste on an Open Continental Shelf

Recent work on hazards associated with ocean dumping points to the overriding importance of particulate constituents of waste, the prototype example being the solid content of sewage sludge. Near a release site on an open continental shelf the background concentration of sludge particles (thatoutside freshly released batches or plumes of waste) may well build up to a level comparable to the concentration of those naturally existing fine particles which are products of marine life.
Overseer, or "The Decider"? The President in Administrative Law

All will agree that the Constitution creates a unitary chief executive officer, the President, at the head of the government Congress defines to do the work its statutes detail. Disagreement arises over what his function entails. Once Congress has defined some element of government and specified its responsibilities, we know that the constitutional roles of both Congress and the courts are those of oversight of the agency and its assigned work, not the actual performance of that work. But is it the same for the President? When Congress confers authority on the Environmental Protection Agency to regulate various forms of pollution, on the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to regulate workplace safety, on the Food & Drug Administration to regulate the safety of food, drugs and medical devices, etc., etc., is it in legal contemplation giving the President the authority to decide these matters, or only to oversee them? One might think this a fairly elementary question, yet it is one that has divided Attorneys General from the beginning of the Republic and that divides scholars still. Does it deny the unitary characteristic of the American presidency to suggest that in relation to the general concerns of administrative law, and absent actual congressional delegation of decisional authority to the President, his role is limited to executive oversight of the agency on whom that authority is statutorily conferred? Our Constitution explicitly gives us a unitary head of state, but it leaves the framework of government almost completely to congressional design. If its text makes any choice between President as overseer of the resulting assemblage, and President as necessarily entitled "decider," the implicit message is that of oversight, not decision. Congress's arrangements of government are a part of the law that the President is to assure will "be faithfully executed," and the text anticipates that those arrangements will place "duties" elsewhere in the executive branch it defines. The size and ambition of contemporary government, in a country dedicated to the rule of law and resolute to defend itself against unchecked individual power, point the same direction. Congress can, to be sure, give the President decisional authority, and it has sometimes done so. In limited contexts - foreign relations, military affairs, coordination of arguably conflicting mandates - the argument for inherent presidential decisional authority is stronger. But in the ordinary world of domestic administration responsibilities that Congress has delegated to a particular governmental actor it has created, that delegation is a part of the law whose faithful execution the President is to assure. Oversight, and not decision.
A query language for NC (extended abstract)

We show that a form of divide and conquer recursion on sets together with the relational algebra expresses exactly the queries over ordered relational databases which are NC-computable. At a finer level, we relate k nested uses of recursion exactly to ACk, k≥ 1. We also give corresponding results for complex objects.
A Modified Cast-on Method for the Reinforcement of Aluminum Castings with Dissimilar Metals

A modified cast-on method has been developed to reinforce aluminum castings with steel insert. Defect-free bond between the steel insert and the aluminum casting has been consistently obtained. Data obtained from a push-out experiment indicated that the bond strength was much higher than that obtained using the Al-Fin approach. This paper introduces this modified method in four sections: the coating of the steel pins, the cast-on method, microstructure characterization, and the bond strength. The section on the coating of the steel pins contains coating material selection, electroplating technique for plating Cu and Ni on steel, and diffusion bonding of the coatings to the steel. The section on cast-on method deals with factors that affecting the quality of the metallurgical bond between the coated steel and the aluminum castings. The results of microstructure characteristics of the bonding are presented in the microstructure characterization section. A push-out experiment and the results obtained using this method is described in the section of bond strength/mechanical property.
Vanadium Pentoxide Gels: Structural Development and Rheological Properties

Cryogenic transmission electron Microscopy (cryo-TEM) and rheological characterization were conducted in order to understand structural development of vanadium pentoxide gels during processing. Sols were prepared by ion exchange from sodium metavanadate solutions. Cryo-TEM revealed that fine threads about 1.5nm wide initially form and grow into ribbons approximately 25nm wide and at least 1000nm long. The threads appear to self assemble into the ribbons. During this structural development, the dynamic viscosity increased. Upon steady shearing of the sols, the system exhibited thixotropy, i.e. the viscosity decreased with time under constant shear stress and subsequently rheopexy, the viscosity increased with time. Comparison of the structure before and after shearing indicated that during the rheological experiments aggregation of small particles or fragments was occurring.
Repair of Radiation-Induced DNA Strand Breaks Does Not Occur Preferentially in Transcriptionally Active DNA

Certain DNA base lesions induced by ionizing radiation or oxidative stress are repaired faster from the transcribed strand of active genes compared to the genome overall. In this study, it was investigated whether radiation-induced DNA strand breaks are preferentially repaired in active genes compared to the genome as a whole in CHO cells. The alkaline unwinding technique coupled to slot-blot hybridization with specific DNA probes was used to study the induction and repair of DNA strand breaks in defined DNA sequences. Results using this technique showed a linear dose response for the formation of radiation-induced DNA strand breaks in the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene. Furthermore, the half-life of radiation-induced strand breaks was less than 5 min in the DHFR gene, in the ribosomal genes, and in the genome as a whole. These results suggest that the repair of DNA strand breaks is fast and uniform in the genome of mammalian cells.
Integration of Multicomponent Processing and Interpretation of the Pouce Coupe Time-Lapse Survey: Focus on Shear-Wave Splitting Analysis

Multicomponent seismic processing and interpretation have become disconnected in industry practice, hindering the ability to extract meaningful reservoir characterization conclusions. Integrating seismic processing with the final interpretation goals elevates seismic characterization and drives advancements in processing algorithms. The focus of this study was on seismic characterization using convertedwaves (C-waves) because of their high sensitivity to the azimuthal anisotropy caused by preferential fractures and differential stress, and ultimately because they provide a method of correlating hydraulic stimulation success to the enhanced permeability pathways created in the hydraulic completion process.
Orthogonal Dreamlet Decomposition And Its Application to Seismic Imaging

Dreamlets have localizations in both time and space. In this paper, we present the orthogonal dreamlet atoms generated by the tensor products of local cosine basis, namely applying the local cosine transforms to both spatial and temporal decompositions. These dreamlet atoms form an orthogonal basis with good localization in time-frequency and space-wavenumber. Both the wavefield and the oneway propagator are decomposed by the orthogonal dreamlets and the wavefield is extrapolated directly in the dreamlet domain. Since the space-time records obtained from the acquisition system are real serials, the wave propagation in the dreamlet domain using the multidimensional local cosine basis will be kept in real number calculation through the process. This outstanding feature can save computer memory and accelerate the propagation/imaging process significantly. We present the formulation of the wavefield and propagator decomposition using the orthogonal dreamlets. Its applications to a 5-layer model and SEG/EAGE A-A’ salt model demonstrate the validity of the formulation and good imaging quality of this prestack depth migration approach.
Strategies to Improve Health Care Ethics Consultation: Bridging the Knowledge Gap.

Strategies for improving health care ethics consultation should appeal to key stakeholders in hospitals and not just the academic bioethics community.
Secrecy, Intimacy, and Workable Rules: Justice Sotomayor Stakes Out the Middle Ground in United States v. Jones

This Essay was written for the Yale Law Journal Forum’s symposium, The Early Jurisprudence of Justice Sotomayor. The Essay analyzes Justice Sotomayor’s already oft-discussed concurrence in United States v. Jones, which exemplifies her attempt to stake out a “middle ground” approach to Fourth Amendment debates over surveillance and technology, and foregrounds intimacy and common-sense rules as guiding principles.
Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair

The advent of arthroscopy and advanced arthroscopic techniques has made meniscal repair the preferred approach for many meniscal tears. This article reviews the blood supply of the meniscus and discusses the supporting scientific evidence, decision making, and techniques for meniscal repair.
Correlation between viral load measurements and outcome in clinical trials of antiviral drugs.

Background : As evidence is emerging that viral load can be correlated with clinical outcome in HlV-infected patients, new assays have been developed to measure viral load in vivo. These include biological assays that involve assessment of viral load by limiting dilution cultures of plasma or peripheral blood mononuclear cells and nucleic acid-based amplification techniques including RNA-based polymerase chain reaction and branched-chain DNA signal amplification. Viral load quantitation in clinical investigation : The advent of RNA polymerase chain reaction and branched-chain DNA technology has allowed direct measurements of plasma HIV RNA levels. Several studies, including AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 116B/117, the Veterans Administration Study VA CSP 298 and, more recently, ACTG 175, have indicated that viral load monitoring is a powerful predictor of disease progression and clinical outcome. A change in viral load of approximately 1 log unit is associated with an increase in CD4 cell count of about 85 cells/mm 3 . Conclusions : Viral load monitoring, particularly when combined with other laboratory markers, can be correlated with clinical outcome. In routine clinical practice, viral load monitoring may be used to assess the need for changes in antiretroviral therapy, allowing individualized therapy. Viral load monitoring may also reduce the time needed for the clinical development of new therapeutic approaches, allowing earlier patient access to promising anti-HIV therapies.
Review: HACLab Pittsburgh: Imagining the Modern

HACLab Pittsburgh: Imagining the Modern Heinz Architectural Center, Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh 12 September 2015–2 May 2016 Entering the exhibition HACLab Pittsburgh: Imagining the Modern , visitors were caught between two black-and-white photographs by Edward Massery. To the right was a photograph of the Civic Arena—the Igloo, as it was nicknamed by Pittsburghers—before it was torn down, rising in a luminous dome, its perfect curvature made even more beautiful by the stubborn verticality of other modernist buildings behind it (Figure 1). To the left was a photo of the Civic Arena halfway through demolition (Figure 2). Here the Igloo is reduced to a mere quadrant, which, while still rising majestically, now looks like a single fin of the Sydney Opera House marooned in downtown Pittsburgh. You might say that the rest of the exhibition lived, indeed thrived, in the uneasy tension between these twin photographs: the potential seduction of the grand architectural gesture foreclosed by the disenchantment with modernism; the boosterism of urban redevelopment shadowed by the shameful legacy of uprooted communities and cultural fragmentation; and the heroic rhetoric of Pittsburgh's Renaissance smacking of maudlin sloganeering. Figure 1 Edward R. Massery, Civic Arena from Wylie Avenue, 9.27.2011 , inkjet print (Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh; Purchase: Second Century Acquisition Fund. © Ed Massery). Figure 2 Edward R. Massery, Civic Arena Yields to the Pittsburgh Skyline, 3.6.2012 , inkjet print (Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh; Purchase: Second Century Acquisition Fund. © Ed Massery). The exhibition was the first of a series of …
Selective absence of IgA: a family study.

Abstract This paper describes an immunologic and family study of an adult with a selective absence of serum IgA and no diminution of serum IgG and IgM. Parameters of immunologic competence, including humoral antibody production, delayed hypersensitivity response, and lymphocyte function as measured by mitogen-induced transformation and incorporation of precursors into DNA and RNA were normal. The transformed lymphocytes failed to stain with fluorescein-conjugated anti-IgA but showed bright fluorescence with anti-IgG and anti-IgM conjugates. The half-life of transfused IgA was normal; this IgA, however, did not appear in the saliva of the propositus, although salivary transport piece was present. In addition to the propositus, one other family member had a complete selective absence of IgA. Minor quantitative abnormalities of IgG or IgM were present in 5 of 10 first-degree relatives; autoantibodies, however, were rare. Neither of the two individuals with a selective absence of IgA were plagued by recurrent sinopulmonary infections. These data suggest that the sole immune defect present in the propositus was an inability, perhaps genetically determined, to synthesize IgA. Furthermore, it would seem that the selective absence of IgA does not necessarily predispose one to recurrent infections.
The Role of Leadership Education: Benefits and Challenges for At-Risk Students

Student involvement in leadership education initiatives can have a notable impact on the undergraduate student experience. By actively participating in these initiatives, students have an opportunity to learn more about the concepts, strategies, and tools for effective leadership, while also enhancing their leadership behaviours through guided practice. These programs often provide critical experiences for self-awareness, discovery, and fulfilment. This chapter explores the importance of leadership education as one approach to cultivating student success in higher education, particularly in equipping at-risk students with the communication skills and co-curricular opportunities to succeed. As demonstrated by a number of existing programs, including the Emerging Leaders Institute at Villanova University, these opportunities create the conditions for students to increase their self-confidence, identify their leadership potential, and integrate a nuanced leadership identity into the way they make sense of themselves and the way that they live their lives as college students and aspiring professionals.
nab -Paclitaxel for the treatment of pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-P) plus gemcitabine (Gem) became a standard treatment option for metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) following positive results from a global phase III trial (MPACT). A large number of studies have now published results on the use of nab-P/Gem to treat advanced and early-stage disease, warranting a comprehensive review. The main goal of this systematic review is to summarize the efficacy and safety data of nab-P/Gem for the treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS This systematic review includes results from studies that either published results in a peer-reviewed journal or presented the results at a major oncology conference. RESULTS Sixty-two studies were included (50 in the advanced/metastatic setting and 12 in the locally advanced setting). Most studies on the treatment of MPC were exclusively first line (33/50). Nevertheless, the studies in this review comprised a broad spectrum of patients, including those <65 and ≥65 years of age and those with a Karnofsky performance status of 70-100. Median overall survival (OS) in studies of nab-P/Gem in the advanced/metastatic setting ranged from 8.7 to 13.5 months. In addition, 15 studies of patients with advanced/metastatic PC examined nab-P/Gem as a backbone on which to add a variety of agents, including cancer stem cell inhibitors, stromal disrupting agents, and immune-modulating agents (median OS, 6.9-17 months). Ongoing trials are investigating nab-P/Gem with or without other agents across disease settings. DISCUSSION Studies conducted after MPACT have demonstrated that nab-P/Gem is an effective regimen for the first-line treatment of MPC for a wide range of patients. Regimens using nab-P/Gem as a backbone on which to combine additional agents are being studied actively, particularly in the advanced disease setting. Ongoing studies will yield valuable insights on the utility of nab-P-containing regimens to improve patient outcomes in PC in both earlier-stage and advanced disease.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of N-Sulfonylaziridines and Alkenylboronic Acids: Stereospecific Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines with Di- and Trisubstituted Alkenes

A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-alkylaziridines with alkenylboronic acids to give homoallylamines is presented. The reaction is highly regioselective and stereospecific and provides convenient access to enantioenriched amines with 1,1-disubstituted, 1,2-disubstituted, and trisubstituted alkenes. The modular synthesis of a 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidine natural product was completed in three steps and 67% overall yield.
Incidence of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) under different pesticide regimes in the lower Columbia basin.

Zebra chip is a potato disease transmitted by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) and distributed across several regions of the United States. Because of its potentially devastating effects, the disease represents a threat to the potato production and the industry particularly in the Pacific Northwest, where it was first detected in 2011. Efforts to control the disease primarily focus on managing the vector using pesticides. In this study, the effectiveness of two pesticide spray programs in 2012 ("FULL" and "REDUCED") and three in 2013 ("FULL 1," "FULL 2," and "REDUCED") against the potato psyllid was evaluated. Yellow sticky cards were used to monitor the adults, whereas immatures were evaluated by sampling the leaves. Overall, the vector infestation level in both years was low. The mean total number of adults per trap in 2012 was 1.5, 5, and 12 for "FULL," "REDUCED," and the control, respectively, while in 2013 was 10.3, 20.7, 17.7, and 52 for "FULL 1," "FULL 2," "REDUCED," and the control, respectively. For each particular year, season-long regimes were most effective at controlling the pest than targeted applications; however, there was no statistical difference among regimes ("FULL" or "REDUCED") after early July, when the first psyllids were detected, until mid-August. Moreover, this number was similar to the control. Also, psyllid density was uniform across sticky traps, and no clear relationship was found between the proportion of Lso-infective psyllids and zebra chip disease intensity.
Natural canopy bridges effectively mitigate tropical forest fragmentation for arboreal mammals

Linear infrastructure development and resulting habitat fragmentation are expanding in Neotropical forests, and arboreal mammals may be disproportionately impacted by these linear habitat clearings. Maintaining canopy connectivity through preservation of connecting branches (i.e. natural canopy bridges) may help mitigate that impact. Using camera traps, we evaluated crossing rates of a pipeline right-of-way in a control area with no bridges and in a test area where 13 bridges were left by the pipeline construction company. Monitoring all canopy crossing points for a year (7,102 canopy camera nights), we confirmed bridge use by 25 mammal species from 12 families. With bridge use beginning immediately after exposure and increasing over time, use rates were over two orders of magnitude higher than on the ground. We also found a positive relationship between a bridge's use rate and the number of species that used it, suggesting well-used bridges benefit multiple species. Data suggest bridge use may be related to a combination of bridge branch connectivity, multiple connections, connectivity to adjacent forest, and foliage cover. Given the high use rate and minimal cost, we recommend all linear infrastructure projects in forests with arboreal mammal populations include canopy bridges.
O10.6 Clearance of mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vaginalis among adolescents and young adults with pelvic inflammatory disease: results from the tech-n study

Introduction While the broad-spectrum antibiotics recommended for treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) effectively treats Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), coverage may be inadequate for Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV). Untreated MG and TV may result in vaginal dysbiosis, increasing the risk for recurrent STIs and HIV. The objective of this study is to evaluate longitudinal MG and TV outcomes compared with GC/CT outcomes over the 90 day following treatment. Methods 259 Female AYA aged 13–25 years with mild-moderate PID enrolled in a randomised trial of a technology enhanced community health nursing study designed to prevent STIs after PID. Participants completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews and provided vaginal specimens at baseline, 30 days and 90 days and were notified and referred for treatment for positive results. Generalised estimating equations were used to measure changes in the prevalence of MG and TV compared with GC/CT over time. Results At baseline, 29% were positive for CT or GC at baseline (25% CT and 8% GC), 19% for MG, and 16% for TV. Ninety-four percent of the effective sample was retained at 90 days and 44% reported completing all medication doses. At 30 days, 17 (8%) of women were positive for CT or GC, while 36 (17%) were MG positive, and 22 (10%) were positive for TV. At 90 days, 13 (6%) were positive for CT or GC, 39 (18%) for MG, and 30 (14%) for TV. GC/CT infection was declining on average over time (odds ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.63 per additional month). MG was not significantly changing over time (odds ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.05), at a different rate than GC/CT (p Conclusion Youth treated with the recommended syndromic management protocols clear infection with GC/CT, but often have recurrent, persistent, and/or new MG/TV infections during the 90 day post-PID follow-up period.
Methods for Measuring Meat Texture

Abstract Tenderness of broiler breast meat is one of the most important attributes to consumers. Broilers have traditionally been considered an inherently tender product; however, there are factors that can negatively impact the tenderness of broiler breast meat including deboning time, age of the broiler, and moisture the product. A majority of the poultry industry has moved to shortened aging periods for broilers, which has a direct impact on resultant meat quality. Deboning times can vary greatly in industry. Therefore, there is a need for quality control programs, specifically focusing on tenderness/texture, to meet minimal standards in efforts to provide high quality poultry products. There are several methods that are proven for use in assessing meat tenderness in whole muscle products using instrumental or sensory methods. However, instrumental methods would be more conducive for quality control programs. Methods including Warner-Bratzler shear force analysis, Allo-Kramer shear force analysis, texture profile analysis, and Meullenet-Owens razor shear analysis will be discussed.
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and the Developing Adolescent: Influences of and Strategies to Reduce STI Acquisition

In this chapter, we describe the sexually transmitted infection (STI) problem among adolescents, noting the disproportionately high rates of STIs reported each year among adolescents. We open with an overview of STIs by providing a list of common STIs presenting in adolescents and describing the physical and psychological sequalae that can result from STIs. We then discuss the detection of STIs among adolescents and factors associated with adolescents’ delayed care seeking. In the second part of this chapter, we discuss the contextual factors that increase adolescents’ risk for STIs, which include cervical ectopy, their sexual behaviors, and their exposure to infected partners. This chapter ends with a discussion of various strategies designed to reduce the STI epidemic, including routine screening, partner notification, comprehensive sex education, and new biomedical approaches, including vaccines and microbicides. In so doing, we note the need to address the challenges and barriers associated with implementation of each strategy in order for them to be effective in reducing the STI rates among adolescents.
Extensive cell-mediated cross-reactivity between diverse influenza strains in the ferret model (VIR5P.1143)

Influenza causes widespread epidemics affecting the world’s population. The virus achieves this on a yearly basis due to its ability to escape prior immunity by rapidly mutating surface proteins, the target of neutralizing antibodies. In contrast, the internal viral proteins, targets of the cell-mediated immune (CMI) response, are highly conserved, and have potential for cross-protection. However, little has been done to comprehensively evaluate the true extent of CMI cross-reactivity between influenza strains. Unvaccinated or vaccinated ferrets were challenged with 2008-2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza, A/Perth/16 (H3N2), or mock challenged. Cellular responses were examined 14d post-infection by stimulation with a diverse array of influenza viruses, and IFN-γ production by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells was assessed by flow cytometry. CMI responses exhibited extensive cross-reactivity across the majority of strains examined, but not to an unrelated virus, canine parainfluenza. Cross-reactivity was observed even between influenza A and B strains. While prior vaccination had little effect on the breadth of cross-reactivity, cross-reactive CD4+, but not CD8+ responses were heightened by prior vaccination. Challenge with pandemic H1N1 drove better cross-reactivity with B strains. These results confirm the widely held belief that CMI responses exhibit extensive cross-reactivity and extend this concept to strains considered antigenically distant such as influenza A and B strains.
Detection of guided-wave plasmon polariton modes in a high-index dielectric MIM structure

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are surface charge density oscillations localized to a metal-dielectric interface. In addition to being considered as promising candidates for a variety of applications, structures that support SPPs, including metal-insulator-metal (MIM) multilayers, are of fundamental interest because of the variety of collective plasmonic modes they support. Previously, a particular class of “forbidden” plasmon polariton modes (PPMs) was proposed that includes plasmon polariton modes confined to a region of dispersion space not typically accessible to surface-constructed collective excitations. Specifically, for these modes, known as Guided Wave PPMs (GW-PPMs), due to the dielectric asymmetry of the central layer, the solution to the wave equation in the center insulator layer is oscillatory while remaining surface bound both to the supporting substrate and the exposed surface. These modes are supported by a simple physical structure that results from a minor symmetry modification of the traditional MIM structure, specifically the use of a central insulator layer with a higher refractive index than the supporting substrate. However, they display fundamental properties that are distinctly different from those of standard SPPs and from recently reported hybrid plasmonic modes. While GW-PPMs have been explored theoretically, they have not yet been realized experimentally. In this article, we present the first experimental demonstration of GW-PPMs. Specifically, we excite and detect GW-PPMs at visible frequencies and match model predictions to experimental results with remarkable accuracy using minimal parameter fitting. In addition to the experimental detection, we calculate and report on other interesting and relevant features of the detected modes, including the associated electric field profiles, confinement values, and propagation lengths, and discuss in terms of the applications-relevance of GW-PPMs.Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are surface charge density oscillations localized to a metal-dielectric interface. In addition to being considered as promising candidates for a variety of applications, structures that support SPPs, including metal-insulator-metal (MIM) multilayers, are of fundamental interest because of the variety of collective plasmonic modes they support. Previously, a particular class of “forbidden” plasmon polariton modes (PPMs) was proposed that includes plasmon polariton modes confined to a region of dispersion space not typically accessible to surface-constructed collective excitations. Specifically, for these modes, known as Guided Wave PPMs (GW-PPMs), due to the dielectric asymmetry of the central layer, the solution to the wave equation in the center insulator layer is oscillatory while remaining surface bound both to the supporting substrate and the exposed surface. These mode...
A Better Tomorrow: Toward a Stronger Science of Youth Purpose

Having a sense of purpose in life has been discussed as a psychological asset for promoting positive youth development. Yet confidence in the benefits of purpose has accumulated faster than rigorou...
An efficient analytical homogenization technique for mechanical-hygrothermal responses of unidirectional composites with applications to optimization and multiscale analyses

Abstract The elasticity-based Locally Exact Homogenization Theory (LEHT) is extended to study the mechanical-hygrothermal behaviors of unidirectionally-reinforced composites. Based on the framework developed previously, thermal and moisture effects are incorporated into the LEHT to study the homogenized and localized responses of heterogeneous materials, which are validated using available analytical and numerical techniques. The LEHT programs are then encapsulated as subroutines with Input/Output (I/O) interfaces, to be readily applied in different computational scenarios. In order to illustrate the efficiency of the LEHT, the theory is firstly coupled to the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in order to minimize the axial thermal expansion mismatch in hexagonal and square fiber arrays by tailoring the fiber volume fraction. The LEHT is then implemented into the lamination theory to study fabrication-induced residual stresses arising during the cool-down process which introduces local laminate stresses owing to thermo-mechanical property mismatch between plies. Both of these applications illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the LEHT in generating effective properties and local stress distributions, making the theory a golden standard in validating other analytical or numerical techniques as well as a reliable tool in composite design and practice for professionals and non-professionals alike.
Sequential Screening to Improve Behavioral Health Needs Detection in Primary Care.

Objective This study evaluates sequential screening to improve behavioral health needs detection, reduce unnecessary referrals, and discern adverse impacts (false negatives) for pediatric primary care populations. Method Monte Carlo simulation methodology was used to generate performance data for six sequential screening programs based on known technical properties of three broadband behavioral health measures and general psychopathology base rate estimates in pediatric primary care. Descriptive statistics, least-squares power regression, and data visualization were used to compare performance across programs. Results Ratio of reduced referrals to net false negatives was differentially affected by measure choice, administration order, and technical properties. Certain screening programs showed greater differences at lower base rates of psychopathology (approximately 12.8:1 ratio at 3% prevalence for SDQ-PSC [SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, PSC = Pediatric Symptom Checklist] program), despite observed net sensitivity/specificity (0.47/0.97) that was comparable to other programs. Conclusion Sequential screening is a viable alternative to traditional single-measure behavioral health screening practices in primary care. However, stakeholders must be deliberate with instrument selection and implementation to maximize anticipated benefits and minimize costs. Closer examination of practical issues is necessary to further discern advantages of a screening workflow in pediatric primary care.
Long-Term Research on Wolves in the Superior National Forest

The seeds for the blossoming of the wolf ( Canis lupus ) population throughout the upper Midwest were embodied in a long line of wolves that had persisted in the central part of the Superior National Forest (SNF) of northeastern Minnesota, probably since the retreat of the last glaciers. This line of wolves had withstood not only the various natural environmental factors that had shaped them through their evolution but also the logging, fires, market hunting of prey animals, and even the bounties, aerial hunting, and poisoning that had exterminated their ancestors and their dispersed offspring only a few wolf pack territories away in more accessible areas. The dense and extensive stretch of wild land that is now labeled the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness had proven too formidable a barrier even for the foes of the wolf who had strived to eliminate the animal and had succeeded everywhere else in the contiguous 48 states of the United States. The wolves of the SNF became the reservoir for the recolonization of wolves throughout Minnesota and into neighboring Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The only other part of the 48 contiguous United States where wolves still survived in the late 1960s was Isle Royale in Lake Superior, just 32 km off Minnesota’s coast (Vucetich and Peterson, this volume). Those wolves had crossed Lake Superior’s rare ice bridge to the 540-km 2 island from Ontario or possibly Minnesota in 1949. At that time, Isle Royale was a national park, and the wolves that reached the island were fully protected there from bounties, poisons, and aerial hunting. The wolves of the central SNF also were those that wildlife biologist, wilderness enthusiast, and writer Sigurd Olson (1938) had trailed in the snow in the late 1930s and that Milt Stenlund (1955) had studied later. Although neither worker realized it, molecular geneticists would eventually debate whether the wolves they studied were an interesting blend of animals descended from the most recent colonization of North America across the Bering land bridge ( Canis lupus ), such as those in northwestern Canada and Alaska, and wolves that evolved in North America ( Canis lycaon ), such as inhabit southeastern Ontario (Wilson et al. 2000) . Wolves with both types of genetic markers sometimes live in the same pack, and apparently
Laser ultrasonics of concrete

Abstract This paper examines the use of laser ultrasonic techniques to investigate the propagation of elastic waves in concrete. Laser ultrasonics provides a repeatable, broad band generation source and an absolute detection system that does not interfere with the process being monitored. The experimental procedure examines the propagation characteristics of elastic waves in concrete. This study examines the effects of aggregate size and propagation distance on the form and frequency content of ultrasonic waves in concrete. As a result, the influence of elastic wave scattering in unflawed concrete is determined and this paper establishes the fundamentals for the application of laser ultrasonics for the nondestructive evaluation of concrete.
Quantifying the setup uncertainty of a stereotactic murine micro-image guided radiation therapy system.

Objective:Investigate the reproducibility of murine cranial positioning using solely a stereotactic stage, and quantify the potential improvements from the on-board image guidance of the X-RAD SmAR...
Pediatric Antibiotic Guide

This is a must-have guide to antibiotic therapy with both disease-specific suggested treatment and a quick guide to common pediatric antibiotics and their dosages. Truly a “Quick Hit” for antibiotics keeps you efficient while keeping your patient safe. The chapter even concludes with a table illustrating the bacterial coverage of the most commonly used antibiotics to ensure adequate antibacterial coverage as indicated.
Determining tumor category of ocular surface squamous neoplasia: science or art?

Cancer staging is the process of determining the extent of disease. The goals of staging classification are to plan treatment and assess prognosis. Staging classifications are also valuable in evaluating the results of treatment and in improving communications for clinicians and cancer researchers.
Active Release of an Antimicrobial and Antiplatelet Agent from a Nonfouling Surface Modification.

Two major challenges faced by medical devices are thrombus formation and infection. In this work, surface-tethered nitric oxide (NO)-releasing molecules are presented as a solution to combat infection and thrombosis. These materials possess a robust NO release capacity lasting ca. 1 month while simultaneously improving the nonfouling nature of the material by preventing platelet, protein, and bacteria adhesion. NO’s potent bactericidal function has been implemented by a facile surface covalent attachment method to fabricate a triple-action coating–surface-immobilized S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SIM-S). Comparison of NO loading amongst the various branching configurations is shown through the NO release kinetics over time and the cumulative NO release. Biological characterization is performed using in vitro fibrinogen and Staphylococcus aureus assays. The material with the highest NO release, SIM-S2, is also able to reduce protein adhesion by 65.8 ± 8.9% when compared to unmodified silicone. SIM-S2 de...
Detecting RTL Trojans using Artificial Immune Systems and High Level Behavior Classification

Security assurance in a computer system can be viewed as distinguishing between self and non-self. Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) are a class of machine learning (ML) techniques inspired by the behavior of innate biological immune systems, which have evolved to accurately classify self-behavior from non-self-behavior. This work aims to leverage AIS-based ML techniques for identifying certain behavioral traits in high level hardware descriptions, including unsafe or undesirable behaviors, whether such behavior exists due to human error during development, or due to intentional, malicious circuit modifications, known as hardware Trojans, without the need for a golden reference model. We explore the use of Negative Selection and Clonal Selection, which have historically been applied to malware detection on software binaries, to detect potentially unsafe or malicious behavior in hardware. We present a software tool which analyzes Trojan-inserted benchmarks, extracts their control and data-flow graphs (CDFGs), and uses this to train an AIS behavior model, against which new hardware descriptions may be tested. The proposed model is capable of detecting the specified (Trojan or Trojan-like) behavior with an accuracy of ~85% and an average false negative rate of 12.6% for Negative Selection and 12.8% for Clonal Selection.
Adolescents’ and Parents’ Expression of Empathy: A Social Neuroscience Perspective

Empathy is a critical component of emotional and moral development, which makes it an important construct to study within adolescence. However, few studies have examined the role of brain activity in the expression of empathy during adolescence. In order to add to the literature, the current study utilized social neuroscience theory as a lens to explore the relationships between brain activity, empathy, and parent–adolescent communication. 15 adolescent–mother–father triads participated in conversations while their brain activities were monitored through the use of an EEG. Their conversations were coded for empathy and positive and negative affect, and alpha asymmetry scores were created from the EEG data. After calculating Pearson correlation scores to test the relationships among empathy, alpha asymmetry, and affect, several statistically significant relationships were identified. For example, adolescents’ expression of empathy was positively correlated with their alpha asymmetry score. In addition, fathers’ empathic expression was negatively related to adolescents’ alpha asymmetry, therefore indicating a greater presence of alpha asymmetry in the right prefrontal cortex in adolescents. These findings suggest important links between brain activity, parent–adolescent communication, and adolescents’ empathic expression. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Association of Gender and Parenthood With Conference Attendance Among Early Career Oncologists.

This survey study evaluates the association of gender and parenthood status with conference attendance among career oncologists.
A randomized pragmatic clinical trial of gestational diabetes screening (ScreenR2GDM): study design, baseline characteristics, and protocol adherence.

BACKGROUND ScreenR2GDM is a pragmatic randomized clinical trial designed to investigate if one of two gestational diabetes (GDM) screening and treatment protocols results in improved outcomes in the context of standard clinical care. METHODS Pregnant women are randomized to one of two GDM screening strategies: 1-step: 2-h, 75 g, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or 2-step: 1-h, 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) followed by 3-h, 100 g OGTT if GCT-positive. Providers are prompted within the electronic medical record to order the assigned test but were given the option to order the alternate test. Collected data include maternal and pregnancy characteristics, GDM testing, and outcomes for mother and newborn. We describe the study design and baseline characteristics and evaluate characteristics associated with adhering to the randomized protocol. RESULTS Baseline characteristics of the 23,792 randomized pregnancies were comparable between the two groups. Adherence to assigned test differed between the two strategies: 66.1% for 1-step and 91.7% for 2-step (p < .0001). 27% of the women randomized to receive the 1-step completed the 2-step test vs 2% randomized to the 2-step who completed the 1-step (p < .0001). Patient characteristics related to adherence included obesity, age, prior GDM, Medicaid insurance, race and nulliparity. Clinician characteristics related to adherence included provider type, age and gender. CONCLUSIONS Both patient and provider characteristics were related to adherence to the randomized GDM screening protocol. Analytical techniques that incorporate these findings into the formal evaluation of the two protocols on GDM-associated outcomes will be necessary to account for potential biases introduced by non-adherence.
A Novel G385E Variant in the Cold Region of the T3-Binding Domain of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta Gene and Investigations to Assess Its Clinical Significance.

Background Resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) is characterized by elevated thyroid hormone and unsuppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), caused by thyroid hormone receptor beta gene (THRB) defects. Most mutations producing RTHβ phenotype are located in CG-rich regions of THRB, encoding the T3-binding and hinge domains of the receptor. However, a region encompassing codons 384-425 is virtually devoid of RTHβ-causing mutations, termed "cold region." Case A 49-year-old woman was diagnosed with Hashimoto thyroiditis in her twenties, and levothyroxine (LT4) was initiated. During LT4 treatment she had slightly elevated free thyroxine and TSH levels, suggesting the possibility of RTHβ. Results Sequencing of THRB identified a heterozygous missense variant c.1154G>A producing p.G385E in the proband. Since this variant of unknown significance (VUS) has not been reported in RTHβ individuals and considering its location in the "cold region" of THRB, we questioned its relevance. In silico functional prediction algorithms showed conflicting results: PolyPhen-2 predicted this VUS to be probably damaging with a score of 1.000, while SIFT predicted it to be tolerated with a score of 0.07, thus making additional investigations necessary. Genotyping of family members revealed that the proband's mother and sister, without RTHβ phenotype, also harbored the same variant. This indicates that the THRB G385E variant is unlikely to manifest RTHβ phenotype and confirms its "cold" status. Conclusions This study illustrates that assigning causality of a THRB VUS for RTHβ based only on in silico prediction algorithms is not always fully reliable. Additional phenotype-genotype segregation in family members can assist in predicting functional consequences of missense mutations.
Centenary of the death of Józef Brudziński: on his contribution to early bacteriology.

Jozef Brudzinski died December 18th, 1917 at the age of 43. In his short life, he achieved prominence as a pediatrician, neurologist, bacteriologist, and also as a political figure. In Poland, he is remembered as the first rector of Warsaw University (fig.1) following its revival after a century of turmoil (partition of Poland, several uprisings, and World War I). He was also wholehea rtedly involved in organizing several pediatric hospitals in Poland, at the time among the most modern in Europe.