cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Growth Hormone and Cortisone on Glucose and Gluconeogenic Substrate Regulation in Fasted Hypopituitary Children

Panhypopituitarism may be associated with spontaneous hypoglycemia and marked insulin sensitivity. Five children with both growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) insufficiency were studied in three periods: a) on no therapy; b) during cortisone acetate; and c) during GH and cortisone acetate replacement. With total caloric restriction prior to therapy, all patients became hypoglycemic (109 +/- 18 leads to 37 +/- 3.5 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM) and ketonemic (beta-hydroxybutyrate 0.10 +/- 0.02 leads to 3.04 +/- 0.63 mM and acetoacetate 0.05 +/- .01 leads to 0.80 +/- 0.15 mM) within 30 hours. Glutamine and alanine concentrations fell with fasting (511 +/- 13 leads to 293 +/- 26 muM and 394 +/- 58 leads to 137 +/- 12 muM, respectively) but to levels lower than in normal children. However, only alanine was significantly lower (P less than 0.05). With cortisone plus GH therapy, fasting glycemia was improved (73 +/- 6 mg/dl) at 30 hours fasting and was associated with increased alanine and glutamine concentrations (206 +/- 28 muM and 448 +/- 40 muM, respectively) and less ketonemia (beta-hydroxybutyrate 1.13 +/- 0.39 mM). Cortisone therapy alone resulted in intermediate improvement of these values. Only combined therapy resulted in increased lactate and pyruvate concentrations, which fell to normal with fasting. Fasting urinary ammonia excretion was unchanged whereas urea nitrogen excretion decreased significantly with therapy. The responses to alanine infusions following each study period in one patient were normal. The glycemic response to iv glucose was similar during each study period; however, post-prandial and glucose-stimulated insulin responses were increased with cortisone and cortisone plus GH therapy. We suggest that the hypoglycemia observed in hypopituitary patients is a substrate-mediated phenomenon, and that cortisone and growth hormone replacement therapy improve fasting glucose homeostasis, increase circulating alanine and glutamine concentrations, and decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis. These effects may be mediated through an increase in fat catabolism.
D and z Values of Salmonella, Listeria innocua, and Listeria monocytogenes in Fully Cooked Poultry Products

: The D and z values of Salmonella, Listeria innocua, and Listeria monocytogenes were obtained for different ready-to-eat poultry products, including chicken, turkey, and duck. The D values of Salmonella, L. innocua, and L. monocytogenes were 151.5 to 0.1 min at 55 to 70°C, and the z values of Salmonella, L. innocua, and L. monocytogenes were 4.9 to 7.0 °C. Significant differences were found for the heat resistance of Salmonella, L. innocua, and L. monocytogenes among turkey, duck, and chicken products, indicating that the kinetic values of a certain pathogen in a specific product should be used for determining process lethality in fully cooked and vacuum-packaged poultry products during post-cook heat treatments.
Extracting diagnoses from discharge summaries.

We have developed a program for extracting the diagnoses and procedures from the past medical history and discharge diagnoses sections in the discharge summary of a case and coding these using SNOMED-CT in the UMLS. The program uses a limited amount of natural language processing. Rather, it makes use of the relatively standard structure of the discharge summary, a small dictionary to divide the text into phrases, and the extensive collection of phrases for concepts in the UMLS to do the coding. With this approach the program finds 240 of 250 desired concepts with 19 false positives in 23 discharge summaries.
A novel engineering outreach to high school education

The demand for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) students consistently outpaces supply. One of the recognized means for improving the readiness of high school students for STEM-related careers is outreach to high school programs. The newly created Ingram School of Engineering at Texas State University - San Marcos has partnered with the E3 Alliance and Project Lead The Way (PLTW) to create an opportunity for high school students to receive college credit in engineering disciplines for a set of advanced high school STEM courses.
A microsatellite-based genetic linkage map of the waterflea, Daphnia pulex: On the prospect of crustacean genomics

We describe the first genetic linkage map for Daphnia pulex using 185 microsatellite markers, including 115 new markers reported in this study. Our approach was to study the segregation of polymorphisms in 129 F2 progeny of one F1 hybrid obtained by crossing two genetically divergent lineages of Daphnia isolated from two Oregon populations. The map spanned 1206 Kosambi cM and had an average intermarker distance of 7 cM. Linkage groups ranged in size from 7 to 185 cM and contained 4 to 27 markers. The map revealed 12 linkage groups corresponding to the expected number of chromosomes and covers approximately 87% of the genome. Tests for random segregation of alleles at individual loci revealed that 21% of the markers showed significant transmission ratio distortion (primarily homozygote deficiency) likely due to markers being linked to deleterious recessive alleles. This map will become the anchor for the physical map of the Daphnia genome and will serve as a starting point for mapping single and quantitative trait loci affecting ecologically important phenotypes. By mapping 342 tentative orthologous gene pairs (Daphnia/Drosophila) into the Daphnia linkage map, we facilitate future comparative projects.
Photosynthesis and yield reductions from wheat stem sawfly (Hymenoptera: Cephidae): interactions with wheat solidness, water stress, and phosphorus deficiency.

ABSTRACT The impact of herbivory on plants is variable and influenced by several factors, The current study examined causes of variation in the impact of larval stem mining by the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), on spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. We performed greenhouse experiments over 2 yr to 1) study whether biotic (hollow versus solid stemmed host wheat) and abiotic (water, phosphorus stress) factors interact with C. cinctus stem mining to influence degree of mined stem physiological (photosynthesis) and yield (grain weight) reductions; and 2) determine whether whole plant yield compensatory responses occur to offset stem-mining reductions, Flag leaf photosynthetic reduction was not detected 16–20 d after infestation, but were detected at 40–42 d and doubled from water or phosphorus stresses. Main stem grain weight decreased from 10 to 25% from stem mining, largely due to reductions in grain size, with greater reductions under low phosphorus and/or water levels. Ph...
Multi-Modal Microscope for Biomedical Research

Microscopists often use different instruments to exploit the different types of contrast available in complicated biological media. A new multi?modal microscope makes it possible to acquire the different images nearly simultaneously, without moving the specimen. Rather than simply observing different contrast mechanisms in a specimen which has been moved, the user can now obtain registered images in different modes for image fusion or data fusion. The first application area is imaging of embryo health.
Laser Irradiation of InSb:Ge Thin Films

The effect of 647nm Kr-ion laser and 514.5 nm Ar-ion irradiation on 1 and 7 μm diameter regions, respectively, of (In43Sb57)87 Ge13 thin alloy films was determined. Laser irradiation times of 50ns - 20μs produce different reflectivity states. An amorphous state of increased reflectivity with respect to the as-deposited amorphous state was produced only with the smaller beam after short pulse (∼100ns to ∼500ns) laser irradiation. Slightly longer pulses caused formation of surface corrugations. The corrugation morphology occurred in the nanosecond regime both in air and vacuum. Further laser annealing caused crystallization and decreased reflectivity. The crystallization microstructures were random cellular for the irradiation in air. Irradiation in vacuum produced three, distinct concentric structures.
Phase controlled synthesis of ZnS nanobelts: zinc blende vs wurtzite

Bulk crystals of ZnS usually take the zinc blende structure. However, the vapor deposited one-dimensional ZnS nanostructures normally take the metastable wurtzite structure. This Letter investigates the conditions under which the formed phase can be controlled between zinc blende and wurtzite in nanomaterials synthesis. The formation of pure zinc blende structured ZnS nanobelts is related not only to the lower deposition temperature (680–750 � C), but also to the size of the Au catalyst particle ( 750 � C) disregard the size of the Au catalyst particles. � 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Do Strong Boards and Trading in Their Own Firm's Stock Help CEOs Make Better Decisions? Evidence from Corporate Acquisitions by Overconfident CEOs.

Little evidence exists on whether boards help managers make better decisions. We provide evidence that strong and independent boards help overconfident CEOs avoid honest mistakes when they seek to acquire other companies. In addition, we find that once-overconfident CEOs make better acquisition decisions after they experience personal stock trading losses, providing evidence that a manager's recent personal experience, and not just educational and early career experience, influences firm investment policy. Finally, we develop and validate a new CEO overconfidence measure that is easily constructed from machine-readable insider trading data, unlike previously-used measures.
MicroRNAs in platelet function and cardiovascular disease.

Despite being anucleate, platelets contain RNA transcripts, including microRNAs, which are involved in regulating platelet function and which can also be transferred to other vascular cells. In this Review, McManus and Freedman summarize the mechanistic roles of platelet-derived miRNAs in acute atherogenic and thrombotic diseases, such as acute coronary syndromes and stroke. These miRNAs might also be used as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease susceptibility, prognosis, and treatment.
The renin system for understanding human hypertension: evidence for blood pressure control by a bipolar vasoconstriction-volume mechanism. Prorenin as a determinant of renin secretion.

A body of evidence indicates that all hypertensive phenomena ranging from mild disorders to fulminant malignant hypertension can be profitably analyzed by assessing the relative contribution of two final determinants of the arterial blood pressure – the degree of arteriolar vasoconstriction and size of the volume filling the arterial tree. The latter function is largely determined by the state of sodium balance. Renin-sodium profiling and separate testing with specific pharmacologic probes are the basic tools for quantifying these factors in individual patients.This bidimensional analysis of blood pressure phenomena has considerable practical value for identifying and treating curable renovascular and adrenocortical forms. Beyond this, the analysis provides pathophysiologic information of practical value for characterizing and treating individual patients in the whole spectrum of human hypertensive diseases including essential hypertension. This new analytical scaffold also identifies key physiologic ques...
The Monoceros Ring, and Other Substructure Near the Galactic Plane

The outer Milky Way stellar structure known as “The Monoceros Ring” was discovered in imaging data in 2002. Since then, numerous photometric and spectroscopic explorations of this structure, some 18 kpc from the Galactic center and at low Galactic latitudes, have led to a rich discussion in the field on its composition, possible origins, and relevance for theories of galaxy formation and studies of dark matter. This substructure was initially thought to be either a tidal stream from a disrupted dwarf galaxy or the result of a warping and flaring of the Milky Way disk. A newer conjecture is that the structure is due to disk oscillations, possibly caused by a massive Milky Way satellite passing through the disk.
Iodine salt result analysis in Changxing District between 2005 and 2008

Objective: To find out the situation about the iodine salt production and the resident eating no wadays in the wholedistrict,find questions in time and adopt relevant intervenient measures,and guarantee all the people eat iodine salt.Methods:According to The National Iodine Salt Monitored Plan,we carry out random selective examination and result judgement to the iodine salt of resident gradation.Results:Between 2005 and 2008 years.The rate of Non-iodized salt is 1.48%.the rate of coverage about iodine salt is 98.52%.the rate of qualified iodine salt is 97.57% The rate of utilization about qualified iodine salt is 97.57%.The median of iodine salt is 30.5 mg/kg.Conclusion:Between2005 and 2008 years.The rate of Non-iodized salt,coverage about iodine salt,qualified iodine salt,utilization about qualified iodine salt achieved National Standards,The rate of Non-iodized salt raised.
LARGE-SCALE MUSIC SIMILARITY SEARCH WITH SPATIAL TREES

Many music information retrieval tasks require finding the nearest neighbors of a query item in a high-dimensional space. However, the complexity of computing nearest neighbors grows linearly with size of the database, making exact retrieval impractical for large databases. We investigate modern variants of the classical KD-tree algorithm, which efficiently index high-dimensional data by recursive spatial partitioning. Experiments on the Million Song Dataset demonstrate that content-based similarity search can be significantly accelerated by the use of spatial partitioning structures.
Effects of fluid flow on intracellular calcium in bovine articular chondrocytes

Fluid flow-induced shear stress results in a variety of morphological and metabolic changes in cultured bovine articular chondrocytes (BAC). However, the mechanism by which the flow signal is transduced into a biological response is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of fluid flow on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in BAC. Cells loaded with fura 2 were exposed to steady and pulsatile (0.5 Hz) flow at 9, 18, and 34 ml/min in a parallel-plate flow chamber. In response to flow, there was a significant and flow rate-dependent increase in the percentage of cells showing a rise in [Ca2+]i, but no effect on the [Ca2+]i response amplitude. There was no significant difference between the [Ca2+]i responses to steady and pulsatile flow. Mean intracellular Ca2+ response values ranged between 26.2 +/- 1.6 (9 ml/min) and 38.0 +/- 6.8 nM (34 ml/min) above basal [Ca2+]i (81.3 +/- 24.1 nM, n = 90). Removal of extracellular Ca2+ or addition of Gd3+ significantly reduced the percentage of cells responding, suggesting that influx of Ca2+, possibly through mechanosensitive channels, contributes to the rise in intracellular Ca2+. Our data suggest fluid flow-induced mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ may contribute to the mechanism by which mechanical loads are transduced by chondrocytes.
Blood velocity at mitral valve during atrial arrhythmias in man.

By means of the Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter catheter, phasic instantaneous left ventricular blood velocity was measured at the mitral valves of 184 conscious human subjects during atrial arrhythmias. Atrial extrasystoles and pacemaker-induced atrial tachycardias reduced peak mitral valve blood velocities in direct relation to shortened diastolic cycle length. Atrial fibrillation with irregular ventricular responses produced beat-to-beat alterations of peak mitral blood velocity, with smaller peak mitral blood velocities usually associated with shortened R-R intervals on the electrocardiogram. This report represents the first comprehensive description of instantaneous and continuous phasic blood velocity at the mitral valve during atrial arrhythmias in man. It is concluded that atrial tachyarrhythmias exert an adverse influence on left ventricular filling velocities.
Brief Report: Prolonged Intravenous Iron-Dextran Therapy in a Patient with Multiple Hereditary Telangiectasia

Quantitative measurements of blood and iron whole body radioiron loss, total body iron, and iron and erythrocyte kinetics are presented in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia treated with massive quantities of an iron-dextran complex given intravenously. This iron therapy enabled the patient to maintain a hemoglobin concentration of 6 Gm./100 ml. despite the loss of 600-900 ml. of blood per day. Though considerable hemosiderosis was present at the time of death, no apparent tissue injury was present. The excess iron present constituted a very small fraction of the total iron administered, was only slowly mobilizable for hemoglobin synthesis and, consequently, did not obviate the need for continued administration of fresh dextran iron.
Energy efficient methods of increasing data rate for ultrawideband (UWB) communications systems

This paper investigates energy efficient methods of increasing data rate for m-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) of impulse-based ultra wideband (UWB) systems in a multipath environment. The data rate of m-ary PPM can be increased by decreasing the pulse repetition interval (PRI) and/or increasing the number of bits transmitted per symbol. However, increasing the data rate beyond a certain limit degrades energy efficiency in a multipath environment. We investigate the relationship between data rate and energy efficiency and seek suitable bounds on the number of bits per symbol and the PRI.
Endoscopy after esophagectomy: Safety demonstrated in a porcine model.

Abstract Background Endoscopy is useful in assessing conduit ischemia and anastomotic leaks after esophagectomy but poses a theoretical threat of anastomotic disruption. We used a porcine model to evaluate the safety of endoscopy after esophagectomy. Methods We performed esophagectomies in 10 live pigs and performed endoscopy with progressive air insufflation and continuous intraluminal pressure monitoring. We stopped insufflation when the intraluminal pressure reached a plateau. We assessed the integrity of the conduit and anastomosis via endoscopy. We also performed pulse oximetry of the stomach and Doppler velocimetry of the right gastroepiploic artery on 5 live pigs to study the effects of endoscopic gastric insufflation. Results With gentle air insufflation, there was no measurable increase in intraluminal pressure, disruption of the conduit or anastomosis, or significant gastric distension. With progressive insufflation, the intraluminal pressure reached a plateau at a maximum of 8.7 ± 2.1 cm H 2 O (95% confidence interval, 7.2-10.2). At this plateau, air leaked retrograde via the mouth, which prevented further gastric distension. There were no significant changes in oxyhemoglobin saturation along various regions in the stomach even with maximal insufflation sustained for 10 minutes. There was a momentary reduction in gastroepiploic flow from 12.0 ± 1.0 [95% confidence interval, 10.8-13.2] mL/min/100 g to 9.6 ± 1.5 [95% confidence interval, 7.8-11.4] mL/min/100 g immediately after maximal insufflation, but flow recovered to 11 ± 1.3 [9.6, 12.8] mL/min/100 g after 10 minutes of sustained insufflation. Conclusions Endoscopy after esophagectomy with gentle or maximal air insufflation results in safe endoluminal pressures and minimal disturbance of blood flow and oxygenation.
An Experimental Topographic Amplification Study at Los Alamos National Laboratory Using Ambient Vibrations

Abstract An experimental study aimed at investigating potential topographic amplification of seismic waves was conducted on a 50‐m‐tall and 185‐m‐wide soft‐rock ridge located at Los Alamos National Laboratory near Los Alamos, New Mexico. Ten portable broadband seismograph stations were placed in arrays across the ridge and left to record ambient vibration data for ∼9 hours. Clear evidence of topographic amplification was observed by comparing spectral ratios calculated from ambient noise recordings at the toe, slope, and crest of the instrumented ridge. The inferred resonance frequency of the ridge obtained from the experimental recordings was found to agree well with several simple estimates of the theoretical resonance frequency based on its geometry and stiffness. Results support the feasibility of quantifying the frequency range of topographic amplification solely using ambient vibrations, rather than strong or weak ground motions. Additionally, comparisons have been made between a number of widely used experimental methods for quantifying topographic effects, such as the standard spectral ratio, median reference method, and horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio. Differences in the amplification and frequency range of topographic effects indicated by these methods highlight the importance of choosing a reference condition that is appropriate for the site‐specific conditions and goals associated with an experimental topographic amplification study.
Rapidly Progressing Myelodysplastic Syndrome Initially Presenting as Acute Leukemia

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) refers to a group of various stem cell disorders, characterized by dysplastic and ineffective production in one or more cell lines. In general, MDS tends to present slowly over months to years and is commonly detected with routine bloodwork by primary care physicians. Patients may be asymptomatic and depending on age, comorbidities and risk classification of MDS may not require aggressive therapy. However, MDS carries the risk of progressing to acute leukemia over time. We present a case of rapidly progressive MDS in a previously healthy middle-aged female, originally presenting and treated as acute leukemia.
Mechanics of Texturing Thermoplastic Yarns: Part III. Experimental Observations of Torsional Behavior of the Texturing Threadline for Pre-Drawn PET Yarns

The nature of transient changes in twist distribution across the texturing threadline has indicated the presence along me threadline of regions with widely differing torsional rigidities. The current study serves to confirm this variation in rigidities, indicating the presence of torsionally soft spots at the entry to the cold zone and at the entry to the heater. The remaining segments of the threadline reflect torsional response to incremental twist changes which are orders of magnitude greater than the torsional formation response to twisting at the soft spots. Thus, the threadline responds to changes in line torque and/or spindle speed by increasing or decreasing twist at the soft zones, and these changes must propagate across the cold and hot zones before steady-state conditions at new twist levels can be achieved.
The Changing World of Mongolia's Nomads, photography and text by Melvyn C. Goldstein and Cynthia M Beall. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1994

The Changing World of Mongolia's Nomads, photography and text by Melvyn C. Goldstein and Cynthia M Beall. University of California Press, Berkeley (1994) pp. 1-176. Photographs, tables, figures, index. Reviewed by John A Young, Professor and Chair, Anthropology Department, Oregon State University.
Encoded Sensing for Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy efficient communication is a fundamental design problem in wireless networks significantly affecting network performance and the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We introduce encoded sensing—an approach for collaborative encoding and transmission of sensors data—that drastically reduces communication energy expenditure in WSN. Encoded sensing exploits the inherent spatial structure in sensed data to adaptively partition a WSN into groups of sensor nodes, so that nodes in each group sense highly correlated values. Each group encodes all individual measurements sensed by its nodes at time $t$ into a single binary sparse codeword via novel minimum distance combinatorial encoding local algorithm. When the codeword’s Hamming weight equals $w$ , a subset of $w$ nodes in the group cooperatively transmits a single binary symbol each. Upon receiving the $w$ bits, the sink has enough information to decode a measurement estimate, which is within a small error from each of the group nodes’ individual measurements. The error is bounded and guaranteed to satisfy a priori QoS accuracy requirements. We compare encoded sensing to non-cooperative state-of-the-art transmission protocols and demonstrate at least a factor of two in energy savings, without significant loss of measurement quality. Encoded sensing achieves at least 80% the energy savings of theoretically optimal cooperative transmission distributed beamforming architectures. We show by simulations and theoretical derivations that as the size of a node group grows the performance of encoded sensing converges to the optimal transmission energy efficiency.
Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer recurrence: Data from the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE).

70Background: Multivitamin (MV) use is common among men with prostate cancer (PCa). Yet, data on MV use and risk of PCa recurrence are limited. Methods: We conducted a prospective study among 1,373 men with non-metastatic PCa to examine whether MV use after diagnosis was associated with risk of recurrence. Participants completed a comprehensive lifestyle survey a median of 2 y after diagnosis and were followed through 2016. We defined an event of recurrence as the first of the following: PCa death, bone metastasis from PCa, biochemical recurrence, or initiation of secondary treatment. Multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards regression models were used to calculate hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between MV use and PCa recurrence. We adjusted for time between diagnosis and the survey, age at diagnosis, Gleason grade, clinical T-stage, PSA at diagnosis, smoking, BMI, walking pace, and primary treatment. We also explored whether age at diagnosis, BMI, time since diagn...
Malignant and Benign Diseases of the Eye and Orbit

All eye/orbit malignancies are uncommon: per ACS, approximately 2,390 new cases/year. Percentage of malignant tumors increases with age, due to increases in primary orbital lymphoma (OL) and metastatic lesions in the elderly (both in choroid and in the orbit). Most common intraocular malignancy in adults: choroidal metastasis, usually adenocarcinoma, especially from lung, breast, and prostate. Most common primary eye malignancy in adults: uveal melanoma. Most common primary eye malignancy in children: retinoblastoma. Most common primary orbital malignancy in adults: lymphoma. Most common primary orbital malignancy in children: rhabdomyosarcoma. This chapter will discuss uveal melanoma, OL, intraocular lymphoma (IOL), thyroid ophthalmopathy, and orbital lymphoid hyperplasia (for Retinoblastoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma, see Part XI).
Extremes in Hydrology

Several variables are needed for proper description of extremes in hydrology, such as peaks or lowest values, volume of excess or deficit, time duration above or below a critical value, etc. Selections of the type of extremes and the underlying hydrologic processes are needed in definition of extremes.
Tungsten and Molybdenum Coated Nonmetallic Powders

Uniform coatings of tungsten or molybdenum can be applied to several types of ceramic powders having irregular shapes. Of two processes tested, the oxide process seems more favorable.
Dismantling Slavery: Frederick Douglass, William Lloyd Garrison, and Formation of the Abolitionist Discourse, 1841-1851. By Nilgün Anadolu-Okur. (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2016. Pp. xii, 330. $60.00.)

In this study Nilgun Anadolu‐Okur promises an examination of the partnership of William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass in creating a discourse that shaped the antislavery movement of the 184...
Efficiency of care and cost for common emergency general surgery conditions: Comparison by surgeon training and practice

Background Our institutional emergency general surgery service is staffed by both trauma and critical care–trained surgeons and other boarded general surgeons and subspecialists. We compared efficiency of care for common emergency general surgery conditions between trauma and critical care–trained surgeons and boarded general surgeons and subspecialists. Methods Adults admitted between February 2014 and May 2017 with acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, intestinal obstruction, incarcerated hernia, or other acute abdominal diagnoses seen by emergency general surgery service were included. Demographic characteristics, consulting surgeon, operations, outcomes, and cost data were obtained. Results A total of 1,363 patients were included: 384 (28.2%) with acute appendicitis, 477 (35.0%) with acute cholecystitis, 406 (29.8%) with intestinal obstruction, 22 (1.6%) with incarcerated hernia, and 74 (5.4%) with other acute abdominal diagnoses. Trauma and critical care–trained surgeons saw 836 (61.3%) patients. There was no difference in operative management between the two groups, however, trauma and critical care–trained surgeons had significantly less time to the operative room (7.0 vs 12.9 hours; P Conclusion Compared with boarded general surgeons and subspecialists, trauma and critical care–trained surgeons provide more efficient care for common emergency general surgery conditions, with less time from consultation to the operative room.
Action and Passivity as Proportional to Available Self-Control (Metabolic) Energy: Self-Control Use, Diabetes, and Action

The capacity for action may be directly proportional to the amount of its available energy. After having used self-control, participants showed reduced action, or increased passivity, in the form of reduced activity during a social interaction (Studies 1 and 2) and less talking during a group discussion (Study 3). This effect occurred only among people who typically are highly active in such situations those with low anxieties and high extraversion. A final study suggested that the effect may be mediated by metabolism, showing that people with diabetes tend to watch more television than do people without. Action might rely on the same energy as self-control and on that which is disrupted during diabetes, indicating metabolic energy as underlying a broad capacity for action.
We Cannot Treat the Dead.

An introduction to an article applying an epidemiological tool for modeling infectious disease trajectories is presented. Opioid policy and the opioid epidemic in the U.S. is also discussed, which focuses upon death and overdose prevention, harm reduction, and governmental public health policy on the issue.
Vehicle-to-Factory

Kurzfassung Stationare Energiespeicher konnen zur Kostenminimierung der Stromversorgung von produzierenden Unternehmen beitragen, indem sie fur die Reduzierung von Lastspitzen, zur Lastverschiebung...
Turning the Table: Developing Students’ Skills in Receiving Feedback:

Developing skills in soliciting, receiving, and responding effectively to critical or negative performance feedback is at least as important as delivering feedback well. Organizational Behavior cou...
Evaluation of an external fetal electrocardiogram monitoring system: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective The objective of the study was to compare interpretability of 2 intrapartum abdominal fetal heart rate–monitoring strategies. We hypothesized that an external fetal electrocardiography monitoring system, a newer technology using wireless abdominal pads, would generate more interpretable fetal heart rate data compared with standard external Doppler fetal heart rate monitoring (standard external monitoring). Study Design We conducted a randomized controlled trial at 4 Utah hospitals. Patients were enrolled at labor admission and randomized in blocks based on body mass index to fetal electrocardiography or standard external monitoring. Two reviewers, blinded to study allocation, reviewed each fetal heart rate tracing. The primary outcome was the percentage of interpretable minutes of fetal heart rate tracing. An interpretable minute was defined as >25% fetal heart rate data present and no more than 25% continuous missing fetal heart rate data or artifact present. Secondary outcomes included the percentage of interpretable minutes of fetal heart rate tracing obtained while on study device only, the number of device adjustments required intrapartum, clinical outcomes, and patient/provider device satisfaction. We determined that 100 patients per arm (200 total) would be needed to detect a 5% difference in interpretability with 95% power. Results A total of 218 women were randomized, 108 to fetal electrocardiography and 110 to standard external monitoring. Device setup failure occurred more often in the fetal electrocardiography group (7.5% [8 of 107] vs 0% [0 of 109] for standard external monitoring). There were no differences in the percentage of interpretable tracing between the 2 groups. However, fetal electrocardiography produced more interpretable fetal heart rate tracing in subjects with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. When considering the percentage of interpretable minutes of fetal heart rate tracing while on study device only, fetal electrocardiography outperformed standard external monitoring for all subjects, regardless of maternal body mass index. Maternal demographics and clinical outcomes were similar between arms. In the fetal electrocardiography group, more device changes occurred compared with standard external monitoring (51% vs 39%), but there were fewer nursing device adjustments (2.9 vs 6.2 mean adjustments intrapartum, P Conclusion Fetal electrocardiography performed similarly to standard external monitoring when considering percentage of interpretable tracing generated in labor. Furthermore, patients reported overall greater satisfaction with fetal electrocardiography in labor. Fetal electrocardiography may be particularly useful in patients with a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2.
CRT-100.35 Comparison of Biodegradable-Polymer Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Durable-Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stent—a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials

Newer-generation drug-eluting stents (DES) reduce mortality and late stent thrombosis compared with bare metal stents and early generation DES. Recent randomized controlled trials (RCT) showed reduction in target lesion revascularization with ultrathin biodegradable-polymer (BP) stents but similar
Maternal Smoking and Psychosocial Functioning: Impact on Subsequent Breastfeeding Practices.

Introduction: Breastfeeding is a protective factor for women and children. Women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy are less likely to initiate or persist in breastfeeding. However, less is know...
Characterizing the Areal Density and Desorption Kinetics of Physically Adsorbed Polymer in Polymer Nanocomposite Melts

The interfacial regions between nanoparticles (NPs) and polymers in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) underlie enhanced properties, and the temporal stability of these bound polymer layers is necessary...
Resuscitating the Socratic Method: Student and Faculty Perspectives on Posing Probing Questions During Clinical Teaching.

PURPOSE Teaching by way of asking questions is a time-honored practice that has taken on the negative connotation of "pimping" among medical students and has made some faculty hesitant to ask students questions during clerkship rotations. Yet, quantitative studies exploring student perspectives on this practice are limited. This study aimed to solicit student and faculty views and investigate faculty perceptions of students' preferences. METHOD Students who completed their internal medicine clerkship during the 2017-2018 academic year (n = 165) and were from the 2020 graduating class and their supervising faculty (n = 144) at the University of Michigan Medical School were asked to complete a Likert response survey in April 2019. The survey solicited perspectives on questions probing medical knowledge posed to students by faculty. Surveys were constructed using an iterative process, and data were analyzed using t tests and linear regressions. RESULTS A total of 140 (85%) students and 112 (78%) faculty participated. Of those, 125 (89%) students and 109 (97%) faculty agreed that probing questions are valuable for student education, but only 73 (65%) faculty perceived that students agreed with this statement (P < .001). In addition, 115 (82%) students preferred to be asked too many questions than none at all. Fifty-five (39%) students agreed that they feel humiliated when they answer a question incorrectly. However, only 7 (5%) students agreed that faculty ask questions to humiliate them, and only 20 (14%) preferred that faculty stop asking questions if they answer a question incorrectly. CONCLUSIONS Students valued probing questions more than faculty perceived, which argues against a withdrawal from the Socratic teaching method in the clinical arena. The students' experience of humiliation when answering incorrectly requires further study and perhaps can be tempered by more explicit framing of the role of the questioning process.
Inequalities in air pollution exposure are increasing in the United States

Abstract Exposure to ambient air pollution contributes substantially to the global burden of disease, and in 2015, ambient exposure to PM2.5 (fine particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm) was the fifth-ranking risk factor of mortality globally. We analyzed data from the US zip code tabulation areas (N=32047) for 2000-2016 and found strong evidence of inequalities in exposure to PM2.5 among both racial/ethnic and income groups. Most alarming, we found that these inequalities have been increasing over time. From 2010 to 2016 inequalities in the exposure to PM2.5 levels above 8 μg/m3 across racial/ethnic, and income groups increased by factors of 1.6 and 4.0 respectively. As shown in our powerful map visualizations, these results indicate that air pollution regulations must not only decrease PM2.5 concentration levels nationwide but also prioritize reducing environmental injustice across the US.
An approach of Feature extraction of ECG signal of CLAS database

A noise cancellation and MTEO removal filtering for extracting of basic elements of ECG signal is applied in the research, presented in this paper. The processing is performed on ECG signals from CLAS: A Database for Cognitive Load, Affect and Stress Recognition. The algorithms used are implemented in Matlab, the extraction of elements from the ECG signal has been successfully performed.
Strategies for Clinical Discussions About Climate Change.

This commentary links the climate crisis with the pandemic in how both are the subject of campaigns to doubt the science. The authors discuss how clinicians have a clear role to play in countering misinformation.
A missed opportunity: underutilization of inpatient behavioral health services to reduce injection drug use sequelae in Florida

People who inject drugs (PWID) suffer high morbidity and mortality from injection related infections (IRI). The inpatient setting is an ideal opportunity to treat underlying substance use disorder (SUD), but it is unclear how often this occurs. To quantify the utilization of behavioral health services for PWID during inpatient admissions for IRI. Data for all hospital admissions in Florida in FY2017 were obtained from the Agency for Healthcare Administration. Hospitalization for IRI were obtained using a validated ICD-10 algorithm and treatment for substance use disorder was quantified using ICD-10-Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) codes. Among the 20,001 IRI admissions, there were 230 patients who received behavioral health services as defined by ICD-10-PCS SAT codes for treatment for SUD. In a state with a large number of IRI, only a very small portion of admissions received behavioral health services. Increased efforts should be directed to studying referral patterns among physicians and other providers caring for this population and increasing utilization of behavioral health services.
Superconvergence and a posteriori error estimates of the DG method for scalar hyperbolic problems on Cartesian grids

In this paper, we analyze the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element method for the steady two-dimensional transport-reaction equation on Cartesian grids. We prove the L2 stability and optimal L2 error estimates for the DG scheme. We identify a special numerical flux for which the L2-norm of the solution is of order p + 1, when tensor product polynomials of degree at most p are used. We further prove superconvergence towards a particular projection of the directional derivative. The order of superconvergence is proved to be p + 1/2. We also provide a very simple derivative recovery formula which is O ( h p + 1 ) superconvergent approximation to the directional derivative. Moreover, we establish an O ( h 2 p + 1 ) global superconvergence for the solution flux at the outflow boundary of the domain. These results are used to construct asymptotically exact a posteriori error estimates for the directional derivative approximation by solving a local problem on each element. Finally, we prove that the proposed a posteriori DG error estimates converge to the true errors in the L2-norm at O ( h p + 1 ) rate and that the global effectivity index converges to unity at O ( h ) rate. Our results are valid without the flow condition restrictions. We perform numerical experiments to demonstrate that theoretical rates proved in this paper are optimal.
Predicting Prion Propensity of Human Proteins

In humans only a single prion-forming protein named PrP c (for “ c ellular pr ion p rotein”) is currently known, yet many more neurodegenerative disorders involve aberrant protein aggregation. The classical model for these diseases has involved cell-autonomous aggregation, assuming that aggregation occurs independently in each cell within a diseased patient. However, more recent models have proposed a non-cell-autonomous progression of disease in which aggregates formed in one cell may be transmitted to neighboring cells. These aggregate seeds then cause aggregation of the soluble protein in the “infected” cells, similar to the prion diseases. Within the past few years, a number of proteins that exhibit prion-like aggregation and spread to neighboring tissues have been discovered in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Although ALS has been studied for a number of decades, these proteins were only recently linked to ALS by chance. This demonstrates a clear need for an accurate method to systematically identify additional proteins that may play a pathological role in neurodegenerative disorders. Taking advantage of the compositional similarity of these proteins to the known yeast prions, I plan to use the prion prediction methodology that our lab has pioneered to develop an entirely new algorithm specifically suited for this class of neuronal proteins.
Institutional Design and Liquidity at Stock Exchanges around the World

The paper investigates the trading mechanism and other structural features of 51 stock exchanges and analyzes the impact of these institutional characteristics on liquidity measures such as closing bid-ask spreads, volatility and trading turnover. Exchange-design features such as narrower tick sizes, designated market makers, consolidated limit order books, hybrid trading mechanisms, automated trade execution, consolidated order-flow, and better shareholder rights are associated with lower spreads. These features also influence volatility and trading turnover, which in turn further affect spreads. Overall liquidity is highest on hybrid trading mechanisms compared to pure limit order books or quote-based dealer system because the former have two sources of liquidity. These results have important implications for investors' trading strategy, firms' listing strategy, and exchanges' organizational strategy.
Rethinking Earth's Early Atmosphere

More than 50 years ago, Miller performed his groundbreaking experiments that showed that an atmosphere containing methane and ammonia could yield amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Today, many authors favor a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere, but such an atmosphere is much less suitable for producing organic molecules. In his Perspective, Chyba highlights the report by Tian et al ., who propose instead that the early atmosphere was carbon dioxide--based but may have contained many times more molecular hydrogen than previously thought. Such an atmosphere would have supported the abiotic synthesis of organic molecules far better than a carbon dioxide atmosphere with very small amounts of hydrogen.
Excitation-contraction coupling in hibernating myocardium.

The new sophistication in revascularization therapy for coronary artery disease has heightened our awareness of the diverse effects of perfusion on cardiac function. Total ischemia leads to a prompt cessation of contraction (1) by mechanisms that include a decrease in myocardial turgor, metabolite accumulation, and eventual inexcitability (2). A more subtle form of contractile failure is myocardial “hibernation” (3, 4), defined as the reversible contractile depression that occurs during a mild to moderate decrease in coronary perfusion. Considerable evidence favors the notion that force can respond to changes in flow even in the absence of ischemia (“Gregg’s phenomenon”), but the mechanism remains unclear (5).
Stability of bellows used as expansion joints between superconducting magnets in accelerators

For superconducting magnets, one needs many bellows for connection of various helium cooling transfer lines. There could be approximately 20,000 magnet interconnection bellows in the SSC exposed to an internal pressure. When axially compressed, internally pressurized, or insufficiently supported at their ends, bellows can become unstable, leading to gross distortion or complete failure. If several bellows are contained in a magnet assembly, failure modes might interact.
Minors of Toeplitz Matrices

This chapter can be read immediately after Chap. 39. It may also be skipped without loss of continuity. It gives further examples of how Frobenius–Schur duality can be used to give information about problems related to random matrix theory.
Decoding of plan and peri-movement neural signals in prosthetic systems

In this paper we introduce a theoretical framework for improved processing of peri-movement neural activity for neurally controlled prosthetic systems through maximum likelihood sequence estimation. This framework further suggests a computational method for integrating plan and peri-movement neural activity. We show that combining plan activity, usually associated with target specification, with peri-movement neural activity yields more accurate estimates of the trajectory of an arm movement. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in simulation. Performance as a function of the specific number of plan and peri-movement neurons, as well as other system and design parameters is analyzed. The algorithm presented is also compared against previous, sample-based approaches, specifically a "point-process" filter for plan activity and a standard linear filter framework in the peri-movement regime.
Information Poverty and the Latino Community: Implications for Social Work Practice and Social Work Education.

Abstract Social work education can help students to reach a higher understanding of the impact of information poverty on the Latino community by systematically integrating this content into social work curriculum areas of information society, information poverty, and Latino communities. The authors examine the prospects for poverty and inequality in the Latino community as the United States emerges into the information economy and suggest that the Latino population may continue to be at risk for poverty in the information age. This article reviews indicators such as education, access to computers and network communications that may influence access to the emerging economic order and offers technology-based practice strategies, such as community net works and e-commerce, to create local empowerment. It provides recommendations for curriculum development.