cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Art in Medical Education: A Review

Background The use of fine art in medical education has a long history. Numerous studies have investigated the potential benefits of incorporating art in medical education; however, there are gaps in knowledge regarding the efficacy, methodology, and clinical significance of these studies. Objective This scoping review of the literature aims to describe the available literature on the incorporation of art education in medical school and residency. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, and MedEDPortal were queried from their inception dates through December 2019. English-language studies providing a detailed methodology and detailed analysis were included. A total of 37 studies were identified. Upon further screening of the studies' methodologies and results, 16 studies describing art education implemented with medical students and 12 studies describing art education implemented with residents were included for final review. Results Various methods of art education exist, including Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS), rigorous curricula, and unstructured roundtable discussions with art curators or artistically minded clinicians. Studies range in duration, art media, and type of analysis. Conclusions There has been an increasing effort to incorporate fine art education into medical training, primarily to enhance visual perception skills and empathy. Although there is limited research on its efficacy, and wide variations in study methodologies exist, results consistently indicate that participants find the incorporation of art into curricula beneficial. Further research analyzing which methodologies are most likely to yield statistically and clinically significant improvements in visual perception and empathy may lead to increased utilization of this teaching method.
Effect of Processing on Fish Protein Antigenicity and Allergenicity

Fish allergy is a life-long food allergy whose prevalence is affected by many demographic factors. Currently, there is no cure for fish allergy, which can only be managed by strict avoidance of fish in the diet. According to the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Sub-Committee, 12 fish proteins are recognized as allergens. Different processing (thermal and non-thermal) techniques are applied to fish and fishery products to reduce microorganisms, extend shelf life, and alter organoleptic/nutritional properties. In this concise review, the development of a consistent terminology for studying food protein immunogenicity, antigenicity, and allergenicity is proposed. It also summarizes that food processing may lead to a decrease, no change, or even increase in fish antigenicity and allergenicity due to the change of protein solubility, protein denaturation, and the modification of linear or conformational epitopes. Recent studies investigated the effect of processing on fish antigenicity/allergenicity and were mainly conducted on commonly consumed fish species and major fish allergens using in vitro methods. Future research areas such as novel fish species/allergens and ex vivo/in vivo evaluation methods would convey a comprehensive view of the relationship between processing and fish allergy.
Principles of Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Remodeling Disorders

Bone is constantly being remodeled to ensure development and maintenance of a healthy skeletal system. Normal bone remodeling is dependent upon several factors. Bone remodeling is under the auspices of osteoclasts which cause bone resorption, and osteoblasts which stimulate bone formation. This interplay between osteoclasts and osteoblasts is under a system of checks and balances through a complex signaling cascade that ensures healthy bone formation. Disruption of this signaling cascade can lead to abnormal bone remodeling and ultimately result in diseased bones. This can occur in a variety of manners that will be elaborated on in this chapter.
Local and network-level dysregulation of error processing is associated with binge drinking.

Abstract Binge drinking refers to the pattern of alcohol consumption that brings blood alcohol levels to or above legal intoxication levels. Commonly practiced by young adults, it is associated with neurofunctional alterations, raising health-related concerns. Executive deficits may contribute to the inability to refrain from excessive alcohol intake. As a facet of cognitive control, error processing allows for flexible modification of behavior to optimize future outcomes. It is highly relevant to addiction research, as a failure to inhibit excessive drinking results in relapses, which is a hallmark of alcohol use disorder. However, research on local and system-level neural underpinnings of inhibition failures as a function of binge drinking is limited. To address these gaps, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine local changes and interregional functional connectivity during response inhibition errors on a Go/NoGo task. Young adult binge drinkers (BDs) performed equally well as light drinkers (LDs), a group of demographically matched individuals who drink regularly but in low-risk patterns. In contrast, BDs exhibited greater fMRI activity to inhibition errors contrasted with correct NoGo trials in the rostral anterior (rACC) and posterior cingulate cortices (PCC), as well as right middle frontal gyrus (R-MFG). Furthermore, BDs showed increased connectivity between the rACC and right lateral prefrontal cortex, in addition to greater connectivity between the R-MFG and the left ventrolateral and superior frontal cortices. Imaging indices were positively correlated only with alcohol-related measures, but not with those related to moods, disposition, or cognitive capacity. Taken together, greater error-related activity and expanded functional connectivity among prefrontal regions may serve a compensatory role to maintain efficiency of inhibitory control. Aligned with prominent models of addiction, these findings accentuate the importance of top-down control in maintaining low-risk drinking levels. They provide insight into potentially early signs of deteriorating cognitive control functions in BDs and may help guide intervention strategies aimed at preventing excessive drinking habits.
Aircraft Operations on Floating Ice Sheets

This paper outlines the fundamental relations of load and support of a floating ice sheet and extends these concepts to problems of aircraft operations on this medium. The failure mechanism of ice sheets is explained and limiting load conditions for various failure-stages are indicated. Ice-survey procedure and the effects of variable factors on load capability are carefully set forth.
CROB: implementing a large instruction window through compression

Current processors require a large number of in-flight instructions in order to look for further parallelism and hide the increasing gap between memory latency and processor cycle time. These in-flight instructions are typically stored in centralized structures called reorder buffer (ROB), which is a centerpiece to handle precise exceptions and recover a safe state in the event of a branch misprediction. However, this structure is becoming so big that it is difficult to fit it in the power budget of future processors designs. In this paper we propose a novel ROB microarchitecture named CROB (Compressed ROB) that can compress ROB entries and therefore give the illusion of having a larger virtual ROB than the number of ROB entries. The performance study of CROB shows a tremendous benefit, with an average speedup of 20% and 12% for a 128-entry and 256-entry ROB respectively. For some benchmark categories such as SpecFP2000, speedup raise up to 30%.
ISDN applications deployment via prototyping

New ISDN automatic call distributor features have been demonstrated via a prototyping approach. The author demonstrates how a prototype can be used to uncover technical issues and identify an unfamiliar application. She shows how it gives an early evaluation of the practicality of the system/design and, hence, an evaluation of some business decision operations. >
Immunochemistry of sperm-whale myoglobin. XVII. Conformation and immunochemistry of derivatives modified at lysines 98, 140 and 145 by reaction with 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric anhydride.

Abstract Acylation of myoglobin (Mb) in the presence of 10 molar excess of TGA gave a heterogeneous reaction product which showed four major components by gel electrophoresis. Chromatography on CM-cellulose yielded four electrophoretically homogeneous tetramethyleneglutaryl-Mb components (TG-MbI, TG-MbII, TG-MbIII, TG-MbIV). The number of lysine residues acylated agreed well with the increase in electrophoretic mobility. TG-MbIV migrated like MbX and corresponded to residual unmodified MbX. The locations of the modified lysine residues in the derivatives were: TG-MbI, lysines 98, 140 and 145; TG-MbII, lysines 98 and 140; TG-MbIII, lysine 98. Absorption spectra of the four components were quantitatively identical with those of MbX. No conformational changes existed in TG-MbII or TG-MbIII as determined from measurement of molecular parameters and from ORD and CD studies. Slight conformational changes were observed in TG-MbI. Immunochemical studies with antisera to MbX showed that, with a given antiserum, TG-MbI, TG-MbII and TG-MbIII had equal antigenic reactivity which was 15–20% lower than the reaction of MbX with that antiserum. It was, therefore, concluded that lysine 98 is an antigenic reactive region in Mb. On the other hand, lysines 140 and 145 were clearly not part of a reactive region in Mb. From these findings and previously published results, it was possible to narrow down further a previously located antigenic reactive region in Mb so that it will now fall within sequence 146–151.
First branch, or root? the Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve

Much of the literature on the power of elected officials and bureaucratic agencies argues, from an empirical perspective, that bureaus appears to exercise autonomy. In this paper, a theoretical model sets out the conditions under which the Congress, the President, and one agency (we use the U.S. Federal Reserve as an extended example) can dictate policy outcomes. The results of the paper include the “Congressional Dominance” theorem: If more than 2/3 of House members, and more than 2/3 of Senate members, agree on something, they get it. The theorem is obvious (the “proof” is in the U.S. Constitution), but often forgotten in the substantive literature. More realistic results are derived for situations where the preferences of members of Congress are more diverse. Powers of the President to influence policy with, and without, appointments are also analyzed.
A fault-tolerance architecture for Kepler-based distributed scientific workflows

Fault-tolerance and failure recovery in scientific workflows is still a relatively young topic. The work done in the domain so far mostly applies classic fault-tolerance mechanisms, such as "alternative versions" and "checkpointing", to scientific workflows. Often scientific workflow systems simply rely on the fault-tolerance capabilities provided by their third party subcomponents such as schedulers, Grid resources, or the underlying operating systems. When failures occur at the underlying layers, a workflow system typically sees them only as failed steps in the process without additional detail and the ability of the system to recover from those failures may be limited. In this paper, we present an architecture that tries to address this for Kepler-based scientific workflows by providing more information about failures and faults we have observed, and through a supporting implementation of more comprehensive failure coverage and recovery options. We discuss our framework in the context of the failures observed in two production-level Kepler-based workflows, specifically XGC and S3D. The framework is divided into three major components: (i) a general contingency Kepler actor that provides a recovery block functionality at the workflow level, (ii) an external monitoring module that tracks the underlying workflow components, and monitors the overall health of the workflow execution, and (iii) a checkpointing mechanism that provides smart resume capabilities for cases in which an unrecoverable error occurs. This framework takes advantage of the provenance data collected by the Kepler-based workflows to detect failures and help in fault-tolerance decision making.
THE COLOR OF WELFARE SANCTIONING: Exploring the Individual and Contextual Roles of Race on TANF Case Closures and Benefit Reductions

This article investigates the individual and contextual roles of race on welfare sanctions: benefit cuts for failing to comply with work or other behavioral requirements under the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. Using six years of federal administrative data, I advance previous welfare research by providing a nationally representative analysis of participant-, county-, and state-level predictors of welfare sanctioning. Using theories of racial classification, racialized social systems, and racial threat as guiding frameworks, I find that black and Latina women are at a greater risk of being sanctioned than white women. Further, although odds of a sanction are slightly reduced for black women living in counties with greater percentages of blacks, the opposite holds for Latinas, who are at an increased risk of being sanctioned in counties with greater percentages of Latinos.
Answering Questions about Population Characteristics

It is often the purpose of a statistical investigation to answer a yes-or-no question about some characteristic of a population. An election candidate, for example, may employ a pollster to determine whether the proportion of voters intending to vote for him does or does not exceed 1/2. The polio vaccine trial was designed so that medical researchers could decide whether the incidence rate of polio is or is not smaller in a population of persons inoculated with the vaccine than in a population of persons not inoculated with the vaccine. Industrial quality control involves determination as to whether the average strength, lifetime, or concentration of the product in each manufacturing batch does or does not fall within acceptable limits.
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract Background: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome was first described by Call, Fleming and colleagues. Clinically this entity presents acute, with severe waxing and waning headaches ("thunderclap"), and occasional fluctuating neurological signs. Cases presentation: We present 4 subsequent cases of patients with severe, thunderclap headache and brain tomography with evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage. The brain angiogram showed no aneurysm but intracranial vasculopathy consistent with multiple areas of stenosis and dilatation (angiographic beading) in different territories Conclusion: Neurologists should be aware of Call Fleming syndrome presenting with severe headache and associated convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage. After and offending agent is ruled out as the cause, patients can be reassured about favorable prognosis with symptomatic management
Evidence from the asymmetry of fast-spreading ridges that the axial topographic high is due to extensional stresses

Along fast-spreading mid-ocean ridges such as the East Pacific Rise, there is an axial topographic high, 5–20 km wide, which stands 200–400 m above the background slope caused by thermally induced seafloor subsidence. There are also smaller topographic lows flanking the axial high along most of the East Pacific Rise from 20° S to 15° N. The existence of these lows is predicted by models of the origin of the axial high. One model postulates that the axial high is created by buoyant uplift from a narrow zone ofconcentrated partial melt extending tens of kilometres down into the mantle1,2,3,4. Another model requires no such buoyant zone, suggesting instead that the axial high is generated by dynamic, extensional stresses in the lithosphere and shallow asthenosphere5. Here we show that the observed asymmetry of the flanking lows can be used to distinguish between these two proposed mechanisms. Although either model can be adapted to match the asymmetry on individual profiles, the along-axis variation in degree of symmetry favours the model of dynamic, extensional stresses for the origin of the axial high and its flanking lows.
Harmonic compensation of commercial and industrial power systems

The harmonic currents drawn by many types of nonlinear loads have been described in the literature. However, there is still a need for a method for predicting the effects of combinations of three-phase and single-phase nonlinear loads. This paper presents a general method for estimating the root-mean-square (RMS) values of electric currents and total harmonic distortion (THD) due to any number of selected types of nonlinear loads on three-phase four-wire and single-phase three-wire distribution systems. Data was gathered from experimentation and was used to validate the proposed method. Results of simulations of various harmonic reduction and compensation techniques are also presented. >
PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING: UNIFIED APPROACH

ESSENTIAL LOGICAL DETAILS ARE EXPLAINED FOR A PROCEDURE THAT INTEGRATES TWO IMPORTANT NETWORK-BASED PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES: (1) RESOURCE ALLOCATION; AND (2) TIME-COST TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS. IN THE RESEARCH PROJECT UPON WHICH THE PAPER IS BASED, THESE TECHNIQUES WERE ALSO INTEGRATED WITH BASIC CRITICAL PATH NETWORKING, RESOURCE LEVELING, AND CASH FLOW ANALYSIS. ALL WERE DEVELOPED IN THE CONTEXT OF AN INTERACTIVE MAN-COMPUTER SYSTEM. THE PROEDURE RETAINS PROPERTIES OF NETWORKS ANALOGOUS TO THE "CRITICAL PATH" AND "FLOAT" WHILE OPERATING WITHIN RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS. A NEW "INTERVAL APPROACH" TO TIME-COST TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS ALSO OVERCOMES MANY THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF EARLIER OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES. HUMAN INPUT FORMS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE SYSTEM AS A SOURCE OF MANAGEMENT INSIGHT, JUDGEMENT, INTUITION, QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS, AND PRACTICAL EVALUATION. A STEP-BY-STEP EXAMPLE ILLUSTRATES THE BASIC CONCEPTS. /ASCE/
An environment for reusing software processes

While many reusable methods assume that developers will eventually become motivated to search for reusable components, few have addressed the issue of identifying when in the development process potentially reusable information exists. In this paper, a method is introduced that embeds reusable information in a process model that is customized to the specific needs of development efforts. By reusing these processes, projects draw on the collective experiences of the organization to apply known best practices to specific business requirements. A formal deviation process is used to allow development efforts to modify the process to suit their needs. To ensure continuous acquisition of reusable process information, deviations become part of the defined process so that future efforts with similar characteristics can use the same processes.
Is There a National Policy For Children and Youth With Serious Emotional Disturbance

This article examines the status of a national mental health policy for children in need of mental health services. The need for systems planning and services integration involving multiple agencies is presented. The different programs of the major governmental agencies involved in the delivery of services to children are reviewed, as are the range of services provided. This article demonstrates the fragmentation and duplication that is endemic in all aspects of mental health, and that consequently makes policy implementation exceedingly difficult.
Land Use Evolution in Hill Regions of the Dominican Republic

This study combines data from a social survey and an air photo time series to gain both a temporal and spatial understanding of Dominican hill land use evolution. Research results indicate that disparities in present land use and productivity between two hill land study sites stem from their different stages of development along a common land use continuum. The authors emphasize the importance of understanding land use history when identifying key constraints to long-term sustainability of hill land farming systems.
Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network and Its Association With Pain Networks in Irritable Bowel Patients Assessed via Lidocaine Treatment

Abstract The default mode network (DMN), a group of brain regions implicated in passive thought processes, has been proposed as a potentially informative neural marker to aid in novel treatment development. However, the DMN's internal connectivity and its temporal relationship (ie, functional network connectivity) with pain-related neural networks in chronic pain conditions is poorly understood, as is the DMN's sensitivity to analgesic effects. The current study assessed how DMN functional connectivity and its temporal association with 3 pain-related networks changed after rectal lidocaine treatment in irritable bowel syndrome patients. Eleven females with irritable bowel syndrome underwent a rectal balloon distension paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging in 2 conditions: natural history (ie, baseline) and lidocaine. Results showed increased DMN connectivity with pain-related regions during natural history and increased within-network connectivity of DMN structures under lidocaine. Further, there was a significantly greater lag time between 2 of the pain networks, those involved in cognitive and in affective pain processes, comparing lidocaine to natural history. These findings suggest that 1) DMN plasticity is sensitive to analgesic effects, and 2) reduced pain ratings via analgesia reflect DMN connectivity more similar to pain-free individuals. Findings show potential implications of this network as an approach for understanding clinical pain management techniques. Perspective This study shows that lidocaine, a peripheral analgesic, significantly altered DMN connectivity and affected its relationship with pain-related networks. These findings suggest that the DMN, which is hypothesized to represent non-goal-oriented activity, is sensitive to analgesic effects and could be useful to understand pain treatment mechanisms.
The influence of worries on emotional eating, weight concerns, and body mass index in Latina female youth

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effect of worries on weight concerns, emotional eating, and body mass index (BMI) percentile in an ethnically diverse sample of female youth. Methods This study used baseline and follow-up data from a brief school-based physical activity intervention trial involving minority female youth. Partial correlations adjusted for intervention status, age, and ethnicity were used to assess the relationships between emotional eating, weight concerns, and BMI percentile at follow-up. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze the relationships between baseline worries and follow-up emotional eating, weight concerns, and BMI percentile. Additional analysis assessed whether emotional eating mediated and/or moderated the relationship between baseline worries and follow-up BMI. Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.1. Results The sample consisted of 404 minority females (67.1% Latina; mean age=12.5 ± .6; 60.6% were of normal weight). Weight concerns were positively correlated with emotional eating and BMI percentile ( p p = .027) and weight concerns ( p p = .183). Emotional eating did not mediate the relationship between baseline worries and follow-up BMI percentile; however, it did moderate the relationship between baseline worries and follow-up BMI percentile ( p = .003). Conclusions In this sample, worries were associated with psychosocial variables but not with BMI percentile. Reducing worries in those with high emotional eating scores may influence future weight gain among Latina females.
Micro-entrepreneurship, new media technologies, and the reproduction and reconfiguration of gender in rural China

This article explores the connections between micro-entrepreneurship, new media technologies, and gender in rural China. Based on fieldwork among diverse individuals engaged in agricultural and non-agricultural micro-entrepreneurship, I examine how uses of technology in economic production become the site for the reproduction and/or reconfiguration of gender hierarchies. Grounding my analysis in feminist and critical theories of technology, I investigate the gendered uses and discourses of new media technologies that emerge from three types of entrepreneurial spaces: physical places where micro-entrepreneurship is based on new media technologies, such as internet cafes and mobile phone shops; virtual realms where new media technologies potentially facilitate entrepreneurship, including text messaging and various websites; and virtual spaces where informal learning and sharing take place via mediated networks formed around common occupations. I argue that in the context of entrepreneurship, even among wome...
The emergence of regularity and variability in marine ecosystems: the combined role of physics, chemistry and biology

Marine ecosystems play an integral role in the functioning of life on earth. To predict how they will respond to global changes, and to effectively manage and maintain services upon which humans rely, we must understand how biological processes at the cellular level generate macroscopic patterns in the oceans. Here, we discuss how physics and biogeochemistry influence and constrain marine ecosystem structure and function, and outline key regularities and patterns of variability that models should aim to reproduce. We identify unanswered questions regarding how size-dependent physiological and ecological processes are linked to turbulent mixing, dealing specifically with how size structure is related to mixing over a range of spatial scales and how it is linked to the fate of primary production in the sea.
Enzyme specificity under dynamic control II: Principal component analysis of α‐lytic protease using global and local solvent boundary conditions

The contributions of conformational dynamics to substrate specificity have been examined by the application of principal component analysis to molecular dynamics trajectories of α-lytic protease. The wild-type α-lytic protease is highly specific for substrates with small hydrophobic side chains at the specificity pocket, while the Met190→Ala binding pocket mutant has a much broader specificity, actively hydrolyzing substrates ranging from Ala to Phe. Based on a combination of multiconformation analysis of cryo-X-ray crystallographic data, solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and normal mode calculations, we had hypothesized that the large alteration in specificity of the mutant enzyme is mainly attributable to changes in the dynamic movement of the two walls of the specificity pocket. To test this hypothesis, we performed a principal component analysis using 1-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations using either a global or local solvent boundary condition. The results of this analysis strongly support our hypothesis and verify the results previously obtained by in vacuo normal mode analysis. We found that the walls of the wild-type substrate binding pocket move in tandem with one another, causing the pocket size to remain fixed so that only small substrates are recognized. In contrast, the M190A mutant shows uncoupled movement of the binding pocket walls, allowing the pocket to sample both smaller and larger sizes, which appears to be the cause of the observed broad specificity. The results suggest that the protein dynamics of α-lytic protease may play a significant role in defining the patterns of substrate specificity. As shown here, concerted local movements within proteins can be efficiently analyzed through a combination of principal component analysis and molecular dynamics trajectories using a local solvent boundary condition to reduce computational time and matrix size.
Combined C-H activation/cope rearrangement as a strategic reaction in organic synthesis: total synthesis of (-)-colombiasin a and (-)-elisapterosin B.

The total synthesis of (−)-colombiasin A (2) and (−)-elisapterosin B (3) has been achieved. The key step is a C−H functionalization process, the combined C−H activation/Cope rearrangement, between methyl (E)-2-diazo-3-pentenoate and 1-methyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalenes. When the reaction is catalyzed by dirhodium tetrakis((R)-(N-dodecylbenzenesulfonyl)prolinate), Rh2(R-DOSP)4, an enantiomer differentiation step occurs where one enantiomer of the dihydronaphthalene undergoes the combined C−H activation/Cope rearrangement while the other undergoes cyclopropanation. This sequence controls the three key stereocenters in the natural products such that the remainder of the synthesis is feasible using standard chemistry.
Studies of acid diffusion in low Ea chemically amplified photoresists

Critical lithographic dimensions will soon place particularly severe demands on the performance of chemically amplified (CA) resists. Although Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) and 193 nm (immersion interferometric) lithographic results have demonstrated half pitch imaging down to 35 nm there is nonetheless a concern that image blur due to acid diffusion will begin to seriously impact the utility of CA photoresists. Previously we demonstrated that low activation energy resists and E-Beam lithography can be used to print line/space arrays with resolution approaching 20 nm. We described the factors impacting the reactivity of ketal/pHOST based resists and compared the attainable resolution under different processing conditions. In this report we describe studies on acid diffusion emphasizing the role of water in low Ea systems. We also discuss methods for the control of water absorption in low Ea resists.
Coexisting generalist scavengers occupy different feeding niches

Generalist scavengers are perceived to exhibit broad feeding niches, and therefore, it is predicted that coexisting generalist scavengers should exhibit extensive food niche overlap. However, ecological theory suggests that no two species can coexist while using the same limited resources in the same manner because competitive differences between the species will result in one species being outcompeted. Thus, some differentiation of the diets of coexisting generalist scavengers must exist in order to avoid competitive exclusion. In this study, I analyzed the feeding niches of two species of coexisting generalist scavengers (hermit crabs; Clibanarius digueti and Paguristes perrieri) to determine whether the species overlap in their: (1) preferred food items and (2) past diets. Food choice experiments conducted in the field showed that the species’ preferences for the food items offered largely overlapped. However, gut content and stable isotope analyses of collected specimens revealed significant differences in the past diets of the species. These analyses suggest that C. digueti consumes more photosynthetic materials than P. perrieri. The results suggest that the species differentiate their diets despite both feeding opportunistically on carrion and detritus washed into the intertidal zone by the tides.
Polychlorinated biphenyls in honey bees.

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) may traverse a radius of several miles from their hives and contact innumerable surfaces during their collection of nectar, pollen, propolis and water. In the process, they may become contaminated with surface constituents which are indicative of the type of environmental pollution in their particular foraging area. Honey has also been analyzed as a possible indicator of heavy metal pollution. Insecticides used in the vicinity of bee hives have been found in bees and honey. It has been recently reported that appreciable concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been found in honey bees sampled throughout Connecticut. In the work reported here, an analytical survey was conducted on PCBs in honey bees, honey, propolis and related samples in several states to learn the extent of contamination and possible sources.
Thyroglobulin detection using competitive protein adsorption

We report a unique sensing mechanism based on competitive proteins' adsorption/exchange reaction, namely Vroman effect, for detecting a cancer biomarker, thyroglobulin (Tg). Implemented in a microfluidic system, the target protein, Tg, displaces a pre-adsorbed weak-affinity protein, IgG, on one surface, while a pre-adsorbed strong-affinity protein, fibrinogen, is not displaced by Tg on the other surface. Differential measurement using SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) allows the detection of Tg; the SPR angle changes offer a quantitative analysis of concentration of Tg in a sample. Using this technique, we demonstrate the selective detection of Tg in a protein mixture of albumin, haptoglobin, IgG and Tg.
Experimental deformation of polycrystalline H2O ice at high pressure and low temperature - Preliminary results

A preliminary study is carried out of involving 70 constant strain deformation tests on pure polycrystalline H2O ice under conditions covering most of the stability field of ice I sub h. Brittle failure of I sub h is found to be promoted by lower P, lower T, and higher strain rates. Ductile flow is found to be promoted by higher P, higher T, and lower strain rates. The brittle failure of ice I sub h is found to be most unusual. The fracture strength is a positive function of P only below 50 MPa. At pressures greater than this, the fracture strength is independent of P, and the fracture plane lies approximately 45 deg from the load axis. It is believed that existing extrapolation based on existing experimental data to Ganymede and Callisto may be badly in error.
Resolving feeding difficulties with early airway intervention in Pierre Robin Sequence.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To observe rates of gastrostomy tube (g-tube) placement in Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) and to determine whether relieving airway obstruction solves feeding difficulties. Study Design: All PRS referrals to a multidisciplinary cleft team for children at a tertiary pediatric hospital from January 1988 to June 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Methods: Patients were analyzed for occurrence of g-tube placement, neurologic disorders, and airway intervention including tracheotomy and mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Results: Sixty-seven PRS patients were divided into two categories: 51 (76.1%) isolated PRS (iPRS) and 16 (23.9%) with additional disorders and syndromes (sPRS). Patients were then placed into two subgroups: those who received early airway intervention and those who received late or no airway intervention. Of the 51 iPRS children, 12 (23.5%) received early airway intervention, none of whom required a g-tube. There were 39 (76.5%) children who received late or no airway intervention, and 5 (12.8%) of these required g-tube placement. Of the 16 sPRS children, 8 (50%) received early airway intervention, and 7 (87.5%) of these still required a g-tube. Of the remaining 8 (50%) sPRS patients who received late or no airway intervention, 5 (62.5%) required a g-tube. Conclusion: In children with iPRS, feeding difficulties can be resolved with early airway intervention. Delaying airway intervention may necessitate feeding assistance because all of the iPRS children who required a g-tube fell into this category. The presence of additional disorders and syndromes further complicates treatment because most of the sPRS children required g-tubes regardless of airway intervention.
Sensitive, label-free DNA diagnostics based on near-field microwave imaging.

Biological assays often rely on “reporter labels” to enhance measurement sensitivity, for example, by incorporation of a fluorescent dye or a nanoparticle into a nucleic acid or a protein. Use of labels, however, complicates sample preparation, increases assay costs, and can cause experimental artifacts by interfering with assay thermodynamics or limiting label stability. We evaluate near-field microwave imaging (NFMI) as an alternative, label-free technique for molecular diagnostics. Using DNA monolayers as an experimental model, NFMI is demonstrated to achieve sensitivities comparable to conventional fluorescence bioassays. Moreover, NFMI is shown to be compatible with imaging at resolutions required by microarray applications, as demonstrated by monitoring DNA hybridization in an array format.
At-speed scan tests: Reality or fantasy?

For almost two decades, at-speed scan tests have been actively pursued as a manufacturing test methodology in industry, and as an active field of research in academia. However, there is continued debate on the value and applicability of at-speed scan tests, specifically whether they will enable us to replace or significantly mitigate the need for at-speed functional tests. Numerous barriers still exist in the realization of this goal. The primary contributors to this barrier are design constraints (logical, timing and electrical) and the lack of comprehensive quality metrics beyond gross transition/path delay fault coverage. Besides the applicability of scan at-speed tests in screening subtle speed-dependent manufacturing defects, it is not clear if such tests have the resolution to address speed binning. Till such barriers to adoption of at-speed scan are lowered or overcome, at-speed scan as a universally applicable push-button methodology for comprehensive delay testing will remain a fantasy.
Atrial flutter: 1 to 1 conduction during treatment with quinidine and digitalis.

A TRIAL flutter is an uncommon cardiac arrhythmia found in less than 0.2 per cent of patients clinically suspected of having heart disease.lJ Its manifestations are, in large part, dep-ndent on the accompanying ventricular rate. Usually some degree of auriculoventricular block is present, resulting in a ventricular rate slower than the atria1 rate. Occasionally, however, the ventricular rate rises to the level of the atria1 rate. Persistence of such rapid ventricular rates, particularly in the presence of heart disease, is almost invariably associated with syncope, circulatory collapse, or pulmonary congestion.
Sarcoidosis of the spinal cord with extensive vertebral involvement : A case report

MRI, CT and plain X-ray findings are compared in a patient with intramedullary spinal cord sarcoidosis and extensive osteosclerotic sarcoid involvement of the vertebrae.
The Role of Metal Halides in Enhancing the Dehydration of Xylose to Furfural

Author(s): Enslow, KR; Bell, AT | Abstract: The dehydration of xylose yields furfural, a product of considerable value as both a commodity chemical and a platform for producing a variety of fuels. When xylose is dehydrated in aqueous solution in the presence of a Bronsted acid catalyst, humins are formed via complex side processes that ultimately result in a loss in the yield of furfural. Such degradative processes can be minimized via the insitu extraction of furfural into an organic solvent. The partitioning of furfural from water into a given extracting solvent can be enhanced by the addition of salt to the aqueous phase, a process that increases the thermodynamic activity of furfural in water. Although the thermodynamics of using salts to improve liquid-liquid extraction are well studied, their impact on the kinetics of xylose dehydration catalyzed by a Bronsted acid are not. The aim of the present study was to understand how metal halide salts affect the mechanism and kinetics of xylose dehydration in aqueous solution. We found that the rate of xylose consumption is affected by both the nature of the salt cation and anion, increasing in the order no salt
New Voltage Sensitive Dyes

To improve the photostability of voltage sensitive dyes (VSDs) we have explored structural modifications such as fluorination, trifluoromethylation, cyanation, and rigidification, on the classic ANEP (aminonaphthylethenylpyridinium) chromophore. Some new dyes show significantly improved photostability in confocal imaging of brain slices and in a photobleaching assay with a suspension of lipid vesicles. Most show high sensitivities to membrane potential changes when tested on a voltage-clamped hemispherical lipid bilayer (HLB) apparatus. The modifications also induce large spectral shifts, up to 50 nm in either blue or red direction, depending on the nature and position of modification. The high sensitivity and photostability of the new VSDs have already produced new applications, such as imaging of electrical signals in single dendritic spines. Because of the range of excitation and emission wavelengths covered by this array of new VSDs, they may be especially useful in multiplexed imaging of membrane potentials together with other fluorescent indicators in live cells and tissues. (Supported by NIH grant EB001963).
Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity microassay by cytofluorography

A cytofluorometric method for measuring lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity is described which employs acridine orange and ethidium bromide stains. These stains permits the rapid (approximately 45 sec per sample) differential enumeration of viable cells and are therefore valuable in the preparation and performance of a cytotoxicity assay. Reproducibility of viable target cell counts is good and, statistically, the same mean result is obtained when the cytofluorometric and an accepted radioisotopic method are compared. It is found that the method employing radioisotopic label ([125I]iododeoxyuridine) non-specifically killed 80% of the target cells, whereas the cytofluorographic method does not result in non-specific kill. Therefore, the cytofluorometric method reflects in vivo conditions more accurately. The cytofluorometric method also provides a more rapid and less technically demanding assay than those previously described.
Descartes' error revisited.

(2001). Descartes Error Revisited. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 192-194.
Simulation studies in JIT production

The success of Japanese industry and manufacturing has been attributed to several factors, including government co-operation with and support for industry, the Japanese management style, and the cultural and social structure of Japanese society. Recently, much attention has been focused on Japanese production management techniques, especially on the design and implementation of just-in-time (JIT) systems with kanban. Several methodologies have been used in studying JIT production, among which computer simulation has received the most attention. Yet, little effort has been put into synthesizing the related literature, nor has the researcher examined the status quo. The purpose of this paper is to examine how extensively and sufficiently simulation has been used in studying JIT production. As can be seen from the study, many simulation-related statistical issues were ignored or neglected in previous studies. This ignorance may leave simulation results suspicious and hard to explain.
What is the prevalence of a "nontherapeutic" thymectomy?

Background Thymectomy is often performed on the basis of computed tomography scan findings that are suspicious for thymoma. However, the final diagnosis may be a condition such as thymic hyperplasia or lymphoma for which thymectomy is not therapeutic. The present analysis was undertaken to determine the prevalence of a "nontherapeutic" thymectomy. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2000 through 2009 was queried to identify patients who underwent a thymectomy. Only adult patients who underwent a total thymectomy without other associated procedures were analyzed. Patients with a diagnosis of myasthenia were excluded. A nontherapeutic thymectomy was defined as a patient who underwent thymectomy with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis code of lymphoma, thymic hyperplasia, thymic cyst, or other benign diseases of the thymus. Results A total of 1,306 patients were identified. Overall, 72.2% (n = 943) of thymectomies were therapeutic and 27.8% (n = 363) were nontherapeutic. The most common diagnosis in the nontherapeutic group was thymic hyperplasia (n = 174). Mortality (0.32% versus 0%; p = 0.083) and overall complication rates (25% versus 17%; p p p = 0.085). Conclusions In this study, 27.8% of thymectomies were nontherapeutic, and most patients underwent an open approach. The most common benign diagnosis was thymic hyperplasia, a condition for which magnetic resonance imaging has a high predictive value. Consequently, further studies are warranted to determine the optimal evaluation of patients undergoing thymectomy for presumed thymoma.
GUIDANCE OF UNMANNED LUNAR AND INTERPLANETARY SPACECRAFT

Unmanned spacecraft guidance from earth based station - optimal control and orbit calculations
Making moral landscapes: John Rawls' original position

Abstract Rawls' theory of justice has had a tremendous impact in the United States. As a statement favoring helping those who are least well-off, it is an important rationale for state intervention. It is also thought to be a fundamental restatement of a deeply held belief in the principle of equality. An analytical critique of Rawls' theory is mounted, focusing upon the notion of the original position. This critique is concerned with the role of place and uncertainty in structuring agents' decisions and consciousness. Due regard is given, however, to recent attempts by Rawls to answer his critics.
Endogenous levels of abscisic acid in aging carnation flower parts

Aging carnation flower parts were used to determine whether or not any correlation existed between the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) and a predisposition of the tissue for ethylene synthesis. Levels of ABA were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following purification steps including prepacked silica gel columns. Increased ABA levels paralleled the increase of ethylene and the onset of irreversible wilting in the carnation petals. Neither the green tissue nor the receptacle showed any sign of wilting with the remainder of the flower parts, but increased ABA was detected in both tissues subsequent to, or coincident with, the ethylene climacteric peak in the senescing petals. An increase of ABA in both the styles and the ovary was detected in the preclimacteric flower, and did not appear to be triggered by the production of ethylene. Increased ABA in the gynoecium also did not result in the onset of ethylene production in the preclimacteric flower.
On the Cayley isomorphism problem

In this paper, we prove several results on the Cayley isomorphism problem concerning undirected graphs. Let φ be Euler's phi function. The main result is the following theorem. Let q1,...,qs be distinct primes and p a prime such that p2 < q1 and p2q1...qi < qi+1 for all 1 ≤ i ≤ s - 1. Let n=q1...qs. If gcd(np,φ(np))= 1, then Zp2 × Zn, is a CI-group with respect to graphs.
Chitin-decomposing actinomycetes associated with a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from a calcareous soil

SUMMARY Spores of Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul. were sieved from a calcareous, silty clay loam soil, washed in sterile water, and plated on chit in agar for the isolation of actinomycetes. Of the 190 spores examined, 100 were colonized by one or more chitin-decomposing microorganisms: 82% were colonized by actinomycetes, 17% by bacteria, and 1 % by fungi. Fifty-one actinomycete isolates were classified on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical criteria. Tentative identifications to genera and numbers of different isolates are as follows: Streptomyces (29); Nocardia (3); Streptosporangium (1); Streptoverticillium (1); Intrasporangium (1); Nocardiodes (1); and unidentified (15). This is the first study to report the prevalence and diversity of chitin-decomposing actinomycetes associated with spores of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in field soil.