cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On carbon dioxide utilization as a means to improve the sustainability of ready-mixed concrete

Abstract Concrete is the world's most important and widely used construction material. Carbon dioxide utilization in the production of ready mixed concrete was investigated through the injection of an optimal amount of CO2 during batching and mixing. The carbon dioxide improved the concrete compressive strength with minimal impact on fresh air content or workability. Three-way comparisons between a reference batch, reduced binder batch and reduced binder batch with CO2 addition, confirmed that the carbon dioxide could allow for a 5–8% reduction in binder loading without compromising strength. A model case shows that integrating a CO2 utilization step into conventional concrete production can, net of process emissions, reduce the carbon footprint of the concrete by 4.6%. The direct utilization is amplified to attain a carbon footprint improvement that is more than 35 times larger than the amount of carbon dioxide required. One year production at a medium sized producer would use about 24 tonnes of carbon dioxide to achieve nearly 897 tonnes of CO2 absorbed and avoided.
Hans Jonas’s Noble ‘Heuristics of Fear’: Neither the Good Lie Nor the Terrible Truth

In this essay, Jonas's political teaching is discussed through examining his judicious use of the natural sciences, especially evolutionary theory and scientific ecology, in developing a new ontology and a new ethic. His ontological and ethical arguments are considered in terms of their public communication via his "heuristics of fear,” with particular attention to his claim that an ontological axiom that he makes use of is an argumentum ad hominem. I also make the case that the accusations against him as being an ecoauthoritarian fail to consider that his suggestions regarding the necessity of tyranny and the use of the noble lie to halt an ecological crisis are themselves expressions of the heuristics of fear, which is intended to foster willful change now before change of a forced sort becomes the only option. With this interpretation in mind, one sees the ennobling character of his heuristics of fear.
Cardiac ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel: A Bi-Functional Channel/Enzyme Multimer

Maintenance of myocardial homeostasis critically depends on the ability of cardiac cells to adapt energy-dependent processes in response to metabolic challenge. This requires efficient monitoring of the cellular energetic status, secure delivery of information to energetic sensors and accurate translation of metabolic signals into cellular response. Although advances have been made in resolving the molecular identity of energy-response elements, mechanisms integrating metabolic sensor function with cellular metabolism are largely unknown. Sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are prototypic membrane metabolic sensors, which act as bi-functional protein multimers combining catalytic with ion conduction properties. In the hetero-octameric KATP channel complex, the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR2A) harbors an intrinsic ATPase activity and confers fine nucleotide modulation of K+ permeation through the pore-forming Kir6.2 subunit. The metabolic sensor role of KATP channels stems from the non-equivalent properties of nucleotide binding domains (NBD1 and NBD2) in SUR2A. NBD1 binds nucleotides whereas NBD2 hydrolyzes ATP, yet cooperative interaction, rather than the independent contribution of each NBD, is critical for KATP channel regulation. The ATP hydrolysis cycle at SUR2A drives conformational transitions with distinct outcomes on channel gating to adjust membrane potential in response to intracellular metabolic oscillations. Nucleotide exchange between the channel ATPase and the cellular phosphotransfer network provides a mechanistic basis for coupling cell energetics with KATP channel gating. Disruption of phosphotransfer genes produces aberrant metabolic sensing by KATP channels, and generates a cellular phenotype with electrical vulnerability to metabolic challenge. Assigning to the channel catalytic module a role in integrating ion permeation with intracellular enzymatic pathways identifies a novel principle in the regulation of cellular excitability, and defines an operational paradigm for channel/enzyme multimers.
Statistics Pattern Analysis: A Statistical Process Monitoring Tool for Smart Manufacturing

Abstract Statistical process monitoring (SPM) is an important component in the long-term reliable operation of any system and its importance can only become greater in the era of smart manufacturing (SM). Previously we proposed statistics pattern analysis (SPA) based on the idea of using various statistics to quantify process characteristics, and monitoring these statistics instead of process variables themselves to perform process monitoring. In this work we examine the SPA’s capability in handling process characteristics including dynamics, nonlinearity and data non-Gaussianity, and compare its performance to representative state-of-the-art SPM methods. In addition, we discuss how SPA can help address new challenges presented by smart manufacturing big data.
High-speed imaging of transient metabolic dynamics using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.

Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2P-FLIM) of autofluorescent metabolic coenzymes has been widely used to investigate energetic perturbations in living cells and tissues in a label-free manner with subcellular resolution. While the currently used state-of-the-art instruments are highly sensitive to local molecular changes associated with these metabolic processes, they are inherently slow and limit the study of dynamic metabolic environments. Here, a sustained video-rate 2P-FLIM imaging system is demonstrated for time-lapse lifetime imaging of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, an autofluorescent metabolic coenzyme involved in both aerobic and anaerobic processes. This system is sufficiently sensitive to differences in metabolic activity between aggressive and nonaggressive cancer cell lines and is demonstrated for both wide field-of-view autofluorescence imaging as well as sustained video-rate image acquisition of metabolic dynamics following induction of apoptosis. The unique capabilities of this imaging platform provide a powerful technological advance to further explore rapid metabolic dynamics in living cells.
Bullying Perpetration and Victimization among Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity in a Nationally Representative Sample.

Abstract Background: Adolescents with obesity are more likely to experience bullying in comparison to their healthy weight peers. However, it is unclear whether adolescents with obesity are more li...
Twenty-One Ways to Involve Families: A Practical Approach:

Theorists and practitioners agree that involving families in the education of a child with a disability is beneficial to all concerned. Unfortunately, initiating and sustaining that involvement is ...
Herbicide selection to terminate grass, legume, and brassica cover crop species

Cover crops provide a number of agronomic benefits, including weed suppression, which is important as cases of herbicide resistance continue to rise. To effectively suppress weeds, high cover crop biomass is needed, which necessitates later termination timing. Cover crop termination is important to mitigate potential planting issues and prevent surviving cover crop competition with cash crops. Field studies were conducted in Virginia to determine the most effective herbicide options alone or combined with glyphosate or paraquat to terminate a range of cover crop species. Results revealed that grass cover crop species were controlled (94% to 98%) by glyphosate alone 4 wk after application (WAA). Overall, legume species varied in response to the single active-ingredient treatments, and control increased with the addition of glyphosate or paraquat. Mixes with glyphosate provided better control of crimson clover and hairy vetch by 7% to 8% compared with mixes containing paraquat 4 WAA. Mix partner did not influence control of Austrian winter pea. No treatment adequately controlled rapeseed in this study, with a maximum of 58% control observed with single active-ingredient treatments and 62% control with mixes. Height reduction for all cover crop species supports visible rating data. Rapeseed should be terminated when smaller, which could negate weed suppressive benefits from this cover crop species. Growers should consider herbicide selection and termination timing in their cover crop plan to ensure effective termination.Nomenclature: Glyphosate; paraquat; crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.; hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth; Austrian winter pea, Pisum sativum L. ssp. sativum var. arvense; rapeseed, Brassica napus L.
Dropout Prediction over Weeks in MOOCs via Interpretable Multi-Layer Representation Learning

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have become popular platforms for online learning. While MOOCs enable students to study at their own pace, this flexibility makes it easy for students to drop out of class. In this paper, our goal is to predict if a learner is going to drop out within the next week, given clickstream data for the current week. To this end, we present a multi-layer representation learning solution based on branch and bound (BB) algorithm, which learns from low-level clickstreams in an unsupervised manner, produces interpretable results, and avoids manual feature engineering. In experiments on Coursera data, we show that our model learns a representation that allows a simple model to perform similarly well to more complex, task-specific models, and how the BB algorithm enables interpretable results. In our analysis of the observed limitations, we discuss promising future directions.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Facilitators of Cancer and Obesity-Induced Cancer

Immature myeloid cells at varied stages of differentiation, known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), are present in virtually all cancer patients. MDSC are profoundly immune-suppressive ce...
Adding noise to Markov cohort state-transition models

Abstract Following its introduction over thirty years ago, the Markov cohort model state-transition has been used extensively to model population trajectories over time (Markov trace) in decision modeling and cost-effectiveness studies. We recently showed that a cohort model represents the average of a continuous-time stochastic process on a multidimensional integer lattice governed by a master equation (ME), which represents the time-evolution of the probability function of an integer-valued random vector. Leveraging this theoretical connection, this study introduces an alternative modeling method using a stochastic differential equation (SDE) approach which captures not only the mean behavior but also the variance of the process. The SDE method constitutes the time-evolution of a random vector of population counts. We show the derivation of an SDE model from first principles by postulating the expected change in the distribution of population across states in a small time step. We then describe an algorithm to construct an SDE and solve the SDE via simulation for use in practice. We show the applications of SDE in two case studies. The first example demonstrates that the population trajectories, and their mean and variance, from the SDE and other commonly-used methods match. The second example shows that users can readily apply the SDE method in their existing works without the need for additional inputs beyond those required for constructing a conventional cohort model. In addition, the second example demonstrates that the SDE model is superior to a microsimulation model in terms of computational speed. In summary, an SDE model provides an alternative modeling framework which includes information on variance, can accommodate for time-varying parameters, and is computationally less expensive than microsimulation for a typical modeling problem in cost-effectiveness and decision analyses.
Critical tests of the continuous dual-process model of recognition.

Abstract Dual process recognition models assume recognition depends upon context recollection and/or item familiarity. While most assume recollection is more highly valued or weighted than familiarity during judgment, we tested a continuous dual process (CDP) model that instead assumes recollection and familiarity are equally weighted during recognition judgment. Experiments 1a and 1b used a joint rating scale in which each probe was rated for recollection and familiarity strength, which were then used to predict overall recognition confidence. In both, recollection dominated familiarity such that familiarity ratings were only predictive of confidence when recollection ratings were relatively weaker. In contrast, when recollection ratings were stronger, familiarity made no contribution to recognition confidence. Experiment 2 used a different, bifurcated rating scale previously demonstrating that strong ratings of familiarity can lead to better recognition yet worse contextual source memory than weak ratings of recollection. However, the current study failed to find this dissociation, instead demonstrating that weak recollection ratings were as or more accurate than the strongest familiarity ratings in both recognition and source memory. Replacing the CDP model equal weighting decision rule with one incorporating a strong relative preference for recollection over familiarity yielded simulation data more consistent with the empirical data and is more optimal if recollection is in fact more diagnostic of recognition than familiarity. Overall, these findings suggest that observers have a strong preference for relying on recollection over familiarity during recognition, presumably because it better situates the probe within a specific episode.
Single-stage hydrogen production and separation from fossil fuels using micro- and macromembrane reactors

In past years, hydrogen has attracted particular attention as an energy carrier for various applications and in special cases, for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Nevertheless, PEMFCs require high-grade hydrogen, which have drawbacks regarding storage and transportation. Therefore, in situ hydrogen generation and its separation from fossil fuels have been the subjects of many studies in the specialized literature. Indeed, in the field of hydrogen production and purification in a single stage, there has been a comprehensive literature on inorganic macromembrane reactor use but a limited literature on micromembrane reactors. Thus, this chapter illustrates the earlier state-of-the-art from an experimental point of view on hydrogen production and separation from fossil fuels in both micro- and macromembrane reactors.
Microwave instability thresholds

Taking the first orthogonal polynomials in the conventional radial mode expansion in the eigenvalue type perturbation approach, the usual Keil-Schnell criteria for the microwave instabilities can be obtained. In this way, a close relationship between the two approaches is established. The existing results are reviewed, and some comments and modifications are made.
THE ROLE OF OXYGEN IN YBa2Cu3O7−δ

Five observations concerning the role of oxygen in the high-Tc superconductors YBa2Cu3O7−δ are emphasized: (1) An internal electric field parallel to the c-axis constrains the redox reactions associated with the intercalation/disintercalation of oxygen primarily to the [CuO3−δ]3− layers located between Ba2+ layers. (2) Intercalation of O2− into the tetragonal YBa2Cu3O6 phase results in an ordering onto one of the basal-plane axes of the Cu(1) layer, the b-axis of the orthorhombic phase. (3) Ordering between and within b-axis chains gives rise to discrete phases predicted to occur at O6.875, O6.75, O6.5, O6.25, and O6.125. (4) An equilibrium oxidation state for the intercalation layer depends not only on the oxygen partial pressure and temperature, but also on the cations of the structure. (5) At higher oxidation states of the intercalation layer, any oxygen atom on the a-axis interacts with a near-neighbor oxygen on the b-axis to trap out holes in a peroxide ion (O2)2−.
GRR1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for glucose repression and encodes a protein with leucine-rich repeats.

Abstract Growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on glucose leads to repression of transcription of many genes required for alternative carbohydrate metabolism. The GRR1 gene appears to be of central importance to the glucose repression mechanism, because mutations in GRR1 result in a pleiotropic loss of glucose repression (R. Bailey and A. Woodword, Mol. Gen. Genet. 193:507-512, 1984). We have isolated the GRR1 gene and determined that null mutants are viable and display a number of growth defects in addition to the loss of glucose repression. Surprisingly, grr1 mutations convert SUC2, normally a glucose-repressed gene, into a glucose-induced gene. GRR1 encodes a protein of 1,151 amino acids that is expressed constitutively at low levels in yeast cells. GRR1 protein contains 12 tandem repeats of a sequence similar to leucine-rich motifs found in other proteins that may mediate protein-protein interactions. Indeed, cell fractionation studies are consistent with this view, suggesting that GRR1 protein is tightly associated with a particulate protein fraction in yeast extracts. The combined genetic and molecular data are consistent with the idea that GRR1 protein is a primary response element in the glucose repression pathway and is required for the generation or interpretation of the signal that induces glucose repression.
Reproducibility of three microdilution systems for identification of enterobacteriaceae, compared with API 20E and micro-ID test systems

Five systems for identifying Enterobacteriaceae were evaluated in terms of their ability to provide reproducible results. Frozen microdilution panels (Micro-Media Systems), prepared media ready for dispensing into microdilution trays (Dynatech laboratories), media prepared in our laboratories and dispensed into microdilution trays (UC media), the Micro-ID system (General Diagnostics), and the API 20E system (Analytab Products, Inc.) were all evaluated. Fifty selected isolates were tested with each system on three separate days. Although biotypes were some-what variable, the final identification was rarely affected. The API 20E system was the most variable and microdilution tests, with UC media, were the least variable. Precision of tests performed in microdilution trays was as good, if not better than, that obtained with the other two commercial products (Micro-ID and API 20E).
Molecular Spectrum of Hydrogen in Mixtures of Hydrogen and Helium

The anomalous rotation discovered by Richardson in the molecular spectrum of hydrogen mixed with helium was investigated. Helium was found to decrease vibration and increase rotation of the (0 - 0) bands in agreement with the results of O. W. Richardson and A. S. Roy. For high pressures of helium (400 mm) the rotation was also reduced. At liquid-air temperature the anomalous rotation was less marked than at room temperature. No anomalous rotation was observed in the (3 - 3) and (2 - 2) bands. These results agree with the process proposed by O. Oldenberg in which collisions between an excited hydrogen molecule and helium atoms change part of the vibration of the hydrogen molecule into rotation.
Effect of substrate temperature on d.c.-sputtered antimony-doped tin-dioxide films

The conductivity of d.c.-sputtered Sb-doped tin-dioxide films improves with higher substrate substrate temperatures. The conductivity is stable and is not influenced by the substrate material. Heating in open air does not deteriorate the film conductivity. The films are over 90% transparent in the visible spectrum.
A 3-D indoor radio propagation model for WiFi and RFID

Proliferation of indoor sensor infrastructure has created a new niche for communications technology to exploit, yet research in this field has not produced a pervasive dynamic indoor location system which utilizes this latent resource. Studies employing either RFID or WiFi networks have produced a plethora of applications, but most are presented with a paucity of effectiveness evaluation within the context of utilized radio technologies. Therefore, after exploring a realistic 3-D radio propagation model to approximate radio propagation in indoor environments, we conducted signal strength measurements of both RFID and WiFi in a two-story building and studied the effectiveness of both radio technologies in indoor wireless applications.
Teleconsultation Improves Primary Care Clinicians’ Confidence about Caring for HIV

BACKGROUND Telemedicine can facilitate communication between primary care clinicians and specialists. Generalists who use telemedicine for consultation (teleconsultation) may be able to practice more independently and reduce the number of formal referrals to specialists. In the United States, a federally funded human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) teleconsultation service (HIV Warmline) offers clinicians live telephone access to HIV specialists; however, its impact on clinicians’ self-perceived clinical competence and referral rates has not been studied.
The structure of vesicular stomatitis virus membrane. A phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance approach.

Abstract The proton decoupled 40.48 M Hz 31 P NMR spectrum of intact and unperturbed membrane-enclosed vesicular stomatitis virus (serotype Indiana) exhibited two distinct maxima. These can be resolved into a narrow, symmetric line and a broad asymmetric line. The 31 P NMR spectrum of a multilamellar (unsonicated) preparation of the extracted viral lipids exhibited a line shape similar to that of the intact virus. A sonicated vesicle preparation of the extracted viral lipids exhibited a narrow symmetric line. The narrow component in the intact virus spectrum may be attributed to small membrane fragments. Phospholipase C digestion of the intact virus resulted in substantial reduction in intensity of both components which suggests that much of the contribution to both peaks is due to phosphate in the phospholipid polar head groups. The phospholipid phosphates in both sonicated and unsonicated preparations of the extracted viral lipids exhibited substantially longer relaxation times than did those in the intact virus. The short relaxation time emanating from the intact virus preparation is caused by immobilization of the phospholipid head groups which could be due to lipid-protein interactions. Trypsin treatment of vesicular stomatitis virions, which results in complete removal of the exterior hydrophilic segment of the membrane glycoprotein, increased the 31 P relaxation time to a value similar to that observed in the protein-free total lipid extracts; this finding provides supporting evidence for the role of virus glycoprotein in shortened relaxation times. A reversible temperature-dependent change in apparent line width and absence of an effect of cholesterol on the 31 P phospholipid spectrum were also demonstrated.
Detection and characterization of exosomes in mid-trimester amniotic fluid

AMNIOTIC FLUID CLAUDEL JEAN-PIERRE, ALEXZANDER ASEA, ANN MARIE BONGIOVANNI, IARA LINHARES, DANIEL SKUPSKI, STEVEN WITKIN, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York, New York, Texas AM Hsp72 and the constitutively expressed heat shock protein; Hsc70. The concentrations of exosomes isolated from amniotic fluids of White (68 mg/ml), Asian (38 mg/ml), Hispanic (14 mg/ml) and Black (1 mg/ml) women differed. All women had an uneventful term delivery of a healthy neonate. CONCLUSION: Exosome levels in mid-trimester AF may vary according to maternal racial/ethnicity and may be one factor influencing the reported differences in the rates of preterm birth among the various groups.
Orderly dieting and disordered eating: a case report

A moderately obese 49-year-old woman who was enrolled in a nutrition and weight control clinic quickly attained her target weight through an individualized program of balanced deficit diet, routine exercise, and weekly counseling. Weight loss continued until she was 15% below Metropolitan Relative Weight, when family members grew concerned that she had developed an eating disorder. Despite nutritional and behavioral counseling, she has rigorously maintained her exaggerated weight loss. This case report illustrates a potentially serious but often overlooked reason for careful monitoring of patients undergoing treatment for obesity. Health professionals involved in weight control programs should routinely assess patients for potential eating disorders.
Effects of Ion Pair Separation on Inversion and Rotation of Sulfur‐, Selenium‐, and Silicon‐Stabilized Organolithium Reagents

Most vinyl,['] cyclopropyl,[*' and a -a lko~y[~] lithium reagents are configurationally stable. Other types racemize too rapidly for trapping experiments[4". '1 or require very low temperatures to avoid rapid eq~ilibration.[~"' 61 Advances in the utility of chiral organolithium reagents depend on detailed structural i n f ~ r m a t i o n ~ ~ ] and mechanistic understanding of their racemization. One limiting mechanism for organolithium reagent epimerization is a bimolecular associative process through intermediate l.[4b1 An alternative ion pair dissociation process via 2 has been frequently proposed since polar solvents usually accelerate racernization,"", 6a1 but this has not been directly testable since the ion pair status of most organolithium reagents is not known. Our hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA) titration techn i q ~ e ' ~ ' . ~ . *] addresses this problem by allowing the unequivocal identification of contact and separated ion pairs. The correlation between ion pair structure and inversion barriers for several organolithium reagents can now be established.
Measurement of human ribosomal DNA in relation to a possible deficiency

A biological rationale exists for the possibility that some cases of human dwarfism may be caused by a deficiency of DNA coding for ribosomal RNA (rDNA). The rDNA was measured by molecular hybridization with insect ribosomal RNA (rRNA) labelled in vivo; the heterologous rRNA-rDNA hybrid is demonstrably specific. A preliminary survey of dwarf patients shows the applicability of the procedure, although no difference in rDNA was found with a control population.
Immune complex-mediated disease not a factor in patients on maintenance venom immunotherapy

Abstract Although a serum sickness-like presentation has been reported as a sequela of Hymenoptera stings, the possible role of an immune complex-mediated pathologic condition in patients receiving regular venom immunotherapy has never been addressed. To evaluate this problem, 30 adult and 15 pediatric patients receiving regular monthly doses of venom (100 μg of antigen) were studied. All had been receiving immunotherapy for 12 to 29 mo. At the time of venom administration, a questionnaire related to symptoms of immune complex disease was completed. A urinalysis was performed 12 hr later. In addition, blood was drawn to evaluate the presence of immune complexes by C1q and Raji cell assays. Symptom surveys revealed no clinical manifestations suggestive of immune complex pathology. All urinalyses were negative for gross and microscopic hematuria. None of the specimens was elevated on the C1q assay. Only four of the 45 patients had significantly positive Raji cell assays. Prospective reevaluation showed the presence of immune complex before venom administration, with no change in acute-phase reactants or Raji cell titers 12 hr later. Monthly administration of Hymenoptera venom appears to be unassociated with immune complex-mediated disease, by either clinical or immunologic parameters.
Status and touching behavior

Frequency of intentional touching between legislators differing in political status was observed and recorded during legislative sessions on the floor of a Midwestern state’s house of representatives. On the basis of objective and subjective criteria of status rank, younger, lower status individuals were found to be more likely to initiate touching of a higher status conversational partner. These results are not consistent with implications of an earlier observational study of touching behavior. Reasons for the lack of agreement are offered.
Thermal stabilization and plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) by ester thiols : Update and current status

Abstract Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most important medical plastics. Recently, however, the safety of flexible PVC containing the common plasticizer, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, has been called into question. Widely used heat stabilizers for PVC that incorporate toxic heavy metals also have fallen into disfavor. In order to address these problems, we have synthesized and tested, as potential replacements, several organic thiols that contain one or more carboxylate ester functions and thus are highly compatible with the polymer. When introduced into PVC at high loading levels (e.g., 30–35 parts by weight), the ester thiols are extremely effective as heat stabilizers and also useful as primary plasticizers. When used at a low loading level (e.g., 3 parts by weight), they still are excellent heat stabilizers for both plasticized and rigid PVC. Importantly, their high potency is achieved in the absence of any costabilizers that incorporate heavy metals. Their syntheses are simple and straightforward, and their odors are not offensive, because their volatilities are low. Described here are some typical results obtained with this new additive technology, which was licensed for commercialization in 2005.
Wireless Vectorcardiogram system optimization using adaptive signal processing

We are designing an integrated wireless Vectorcardiogram (iVCG) that is of diagnostic quality, extremely small form factor, and is placed on the chest of the patient. In this paper, we consider the problem of transforming the three VCG component signals to the familiar 12-lead ECG for the convenience of cardiologists. We used an adaptive signal processing technique to obtain an ECG signal from the VCG measurements. The least mean-square (LMS) adaptive algorithm is employed to obtain the optimum 12×3 transformation matrix by minimizing the overall mean-square-error between the reference ECG (that is present during VCG configuration) signal and the ECG signal derived from the VCG. With this capability, the iVCG may become a truly transformative wireless medical device enabling continuous cardiac diagnosis.
Histopathology of Scarring and Nonscarring Hair Loss

This article reviews the histologic findings of alopecia, preceded by a brief discussion of biopsy and processing techniques, the normal follicular anatomy and cycle, and expected findings in transverse sections. Subtle histologic abnormalities will be missed unless the normal follicular anatomy and follicular cycle, when viewed in transverse sections, are understood.
Detection of dopamine receptor subtypes in the rat diaphragm.

Background The administration of dopamine using an in vivo animal model has been shown to prevent and treat diaphragm fatigue. Objective With the knowledge that dopamine stimulates alpha- and beta-adrenergic and dopamine receptors, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether dopamine receptors are present in the diaphragm. In addition, if dopamine receptors were detected, we would identify the class and subtype of dopamine receptors. Method Radioligand binding studies and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction experiments were used. Results The receptor binding studies were unable to establish whether dopamine receptors were present in the diaphragm. However, highly sensitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction experiments demonstrated that D 1 -like receptors (D 1 and D 5 receptors) were detected in the diaphragm. Conclusions This study is the first to report the class and specific subtype of dopamine receptors found in the diaphragm. By identifying dopamine receptors in the diaphragm, we have a better understanding of the mechanisms by which dopamine treats and prevents diaphragm fatigue.
Cytological response in embryonated eggs to inoculums from cases of common cold infection.

Summary(1) Influenza and mumps viruses induced increased numbers of histiocytes in the allantoic fluids of embryonated eggs. The significance of this response was enhanced by coincident hemagglutinin production and by an interference effect on both responses by specific antiserums. (2) Nasal washings from acute common cold (afebrile rhinitis) patients engendered increased numbers of histiocytes in the allantoic fluid of embryonated eggs. The agent(s) responsible for this cytological response were thermolabile, were not inhibited by penicillin and streptomycin, and produced no detectable growth in bacteriological media. The agent (s) were not demonstrable in nasal washings collected from the same patients during convalescence. (3) Nasal washings from cases of acute allergic rhinitis did not induce increased numbers of histiocytes in the allantoic fluid of inoculated eggs.
Mediating third-wave feminism: appropriation as postmodern media practice

In this essay, we explore how sensibilities of third-wave feminism are appropriated by and in the context of postmodern media such that they are commodified, reinscribed, and sold to audiences in an hegemonic fashion. To this end, we analyze gendered representations of women located at various mediated sites of popular culture in whom gender is conspicuous and primary: Alanis Morissette, Kate Moss, and Ally McBeal. We argue that, in each case, the appropriation of third-wave feminist tenets is accomplished via a postmodern aesthetic code of juxtaposition that serves to recontextualize and reinscribe those sensibilities in a way that ultimately functions to reify dominant patriarchal codes and discourses.
Government Coalitions and Legislative Success Under Presidentialism and Parliamentarism

Are government coalitions less frequent under presidentialism than under parliamentarism? Do legislative deadlocks occur when presidents do not form majoritarian governments? Are presidential democracies more brittle when they are ruled by minorities? We answer these questions observing almost all democracies that existed between 1946 and 1999. It turns out that government coalitions occur in more than one half of the situations in which the president's party does not have a majority, that minority governments are not less successful legislatively than majority coalitions in both systems, and that the coalition status of the government has no impact on the survival of democracy in either system. Hence, whatever is wrong with presidentialism, is not due to the difficulty of forming coalitions.
Transient response in a rod in terms of power series expansions

Abstract The transient response of a semi-infinite, isotropically elastic rod to a uniform pressure on its end is found in terms of power series expansions. The series are expansions in time about each of the three wave fronts represented in the Mindlin-McNiven approximate theory. The coefficients of the first four terms in each series are established by having the solutions satisfy the boundary and initial conditions. Numerical analysis is used to find the response at the end of the rod. It is shown how the first few terms of the series can be used to predict what the response would be if a large number of terms were used.
Overexpression of Mn-containing superoxide dismutase in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster.

The general objective of this study was to examine the role of mitochondria in the aging process. Two alternative hypotheses were tested: (i) that overexpression of Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) in the mitochondria of Drosophila melanogaster would slow the accrual of oxidative damage and prolong survival or (ii) that there is an evolved optimum level of superoxide anion radical, such that overexpression of Mn SOD would have deleterious or neutral effects. Microinjection and mobilization of a transgene, which contained a 9-kb genomic sequence encoding Mn SOD, produced 15 experimental lines overexpressing Mn SOD by 5-116% relative to the parental y w strain. Comparisons between these lines and control lines containing inserted vector sequences alone indicated that the mean longevity of the experimental lines was decreased by 4-5% relative to controls. There were no compensatory changes in the metabolic rate, level of physical activity, or the levels of other antioxidants, namely Cu-Zn SOD, catalase, and glutathione. There were no differences between groups in rates of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide release, protein oxidative damage, or resistance to 100% oxygen or starvation conditions. The experimental lines had a marginally increased resistance to moderate heat stress. These results are consistent with the existence of an optimum level of Mn SOD activity which minimizes oxidative stress. The naturally evolved level of Mn SOD activity in Drosophila appears to be near the optimum required under normal conditions, although the optimum may be shifted to a higher level under more stressful conditions.
50-Hertz magnetic field and calcium transients in Jurkat cells: results of a research and public information dissemination (RAPID) program study.

An effect on intracellular calcium continues to be proposed as a biochemical pathway for the mediation of biologic effects of electrical-power-frequency magnetic fields (MF). However, reproducible results among laboratories are difficult to attain and the characteristics of magnetic field effects on intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) are not well understood. We attempted to repeat the studies of Lindstrom et al. [Intracellular Calcium Oscillations in a T-Cell Line by a Weak 50 Hz Magnetic Field. J Cell Physiol 156:395-398 (1993)] by investigating the effect of a 1.5-G 50-Hz MF on [Ca(2+)](i) in the Jurkat lymphocyte T-cell line. Changes in [Ca(2+)](i) were determined using microscopic imaging of fura-2 loaded Jurkat cells on poly-l-lysine-coated glass coverslips. The MF was generated by a single coil constructed with bifilar wire and located in the same plane as the cells. Cells were randomly exposed for 8 min to MF, sham field (SF), or no field (NF) conditions. The exposure condition remained coded until data analysis was complete. Each exposure period was preceded by an 8-min data collection to establish a baseline for [Ca(2+)](i). After each exposure condition, cells were exposed to anti-CD3 antibody that induced a rapid increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in responsive cells; this provided a positive control. [Ca(2+)](i) was analyzed for individual cells as spatially-averaged background-corrected 340/380 nm ratios, and a [Ca(2+)](i) transient was considered significant for positive deviations from baseline of 3 [multiple] an estimate of noise in the baseline. Typically, 25-50 cells/field were viewed and approximately 50% had no [Ca(2+)](i) transients in the baseline period and also responded to positive control. Only cells responding to positive control and lacking changes in [Ca(2+)](i) during the baseline period were considered qualified for assessment during the exposure period. The incidences of [Ca(2+)](i) transients during the exposure period for two experiments (40 [multiple] objective) were 16.5, 14.6, and 14.2% for MF, SF, and NF, respectively, and were not statistically significantly different. Previous studies by Lindstrom et al. [Intracellular Calcium Oscillations in a T-Cell Line after Exposure to Extremely-Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields with Variable Frequencies and Flux Densities. Bioelectromagnetics 16:41-47 (1995)] showed a high response rate (92%) for exposure to 1. 5-G 50-Hz MF when individual cells were preselected for investigation. We found no such effect when examining many cells simultaneously in a random and blind fashion. These results do not preclude an effect of MF on [Ca(2+)](i), but suggest that responsive cells, if they exist, were not identified using the approaches that we used in this study.
Perceptions of care coordination in a population-based sample of diverse breast cancer patients

Objective To identify factors associated with perceptions of care coordination in a diverse sample of breast cancer patients.
Mucosal tattooing to locate osseointegrated implants.

One of the most tedious, and sometimes frustrating, facets of using osseointegrated implants in the jaws is locating the implants several months after placement. Several methods have been proposed to accomplish this, most involving a laboratory procedure to produce some kind of acrylic device that can be used to mark the implant location. These methods can be imprecise, somewhat costly, and associated with unnecessary tissue trauma when errant attempts are made to uncover the implant. In the past, radiation therapists have used India ink to mark portals of radiation to assure reproducibility.’ Mucosal tattooing using India ink also has been used in the oral cavity to indicate boundaries of oral carcinomas2 By adapting this method, it has been possible to precisely mark the location of implants in the overlying mucosa using India ink tattoos. These remain visible throughout the period of osseointegration, and facilitate the process of uncovering the implants.
Optic imaging of single and two-phase pressure-driven flows in nano-scale channels

Microfluidic and nanofluidic devices have undergone rapid development in recent years. Functions integrated onto such devices provide lab-on-a-chip solutions for many biomedical, chemical, and engineering applications. In this paper, a lab-on-a-chip technique for direct visualization of the single- and two-phase pressure-driven flows in nano-scale channels was developed. The nanofluidic chip was designed and fabricated; concentration dependent fluorescence signal correlation was developed for the determination of flow rate. Experiments of single and two-phase flow in nano-scale channels with 100 nm depth were conducted. The linearity correlation between flow rate and pressure drop in nanochannels was obtained and fit closely into Poiseuille's Law. Meanwhile, three different flow patterns, single, annular, and stratified, were observed from the two-phase flow in the nanochannel experiments and their special features were described. A two-phase flow regime map for nanochannels is presented. Results are of critical importance to both fundamental study and many applications.
A 12-year-old girl with sudden onset of numbness and tingling feet. Osseous Ewing's sarcoma of T2.

A 12-year-old, previously healthy girl presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department with back pain and decreased sensation and tingling in her bilateral lower extremities. She had back pain for the past 2 months; the initial episode lasted 2 to 3 days. At that point, she had missed 1 day of school. The pain disappeared, and she returned to her normal activities, including playing soccer and basketball. In fact, she stated, because she was an avid soccer player, that she thought she might have hurt herself. The night before being seen, she noticed back pain between her shoulder blades, together with the decreased sensation, which started in her feet. She was seen in a pediatric urgent care center, where she was examined and discharged with the advice to “go to the Emergency Department,” should her symptoms worsen. By the time she presented to the Emergency Department via Emergency Medical Services on the evening of the next day, her pain had intensifi ed since the morning of admission, and the numbness in her legs had now ascended to the level of her umbilicus. She denied headache, fever, chills, night sweats, and change in her weight. There was no shortness of breath, no cough, no chest or abdominal pain, no urinary or bowel incontinence, no loss of coordination or strength, and no change in her gait. Upon arrival, she was pleasant and in no acute distress. Her vital signs were stable. Her entire exam was norJulia Whitefield MD, PhD, FAAP, is Assistant Professor Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Address correspondence to: Julia Whitefi led, MD, PhD, FAAP, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC10 55601, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 871310001; e-mail: juliawhitefi eld@msn.com. Dr. Whitefi eld has disclosed no relevant fi nancial relationships. doi: 10.3928/00904481-20100422-06
Tales of Plagues and Carnivals: Samuel R. Delany, AIDS, and the Grammar of Dissent

While even today lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people might have cause to distrust the healthcare establishment, how much more fragile was the relationship between sexual minorities and health professionals in the first decade of the AIDS epidemic. Dissent from consensus healthcare and health research then was a question of survival in the face of political and medical intransigence. This article focuses on one version of AIDS dissent: The narrative representations of AIDS in fiction by the gay African-American fantasy writer Samuel R. Delany, which rejected the rigid binarism of “safe” and “unsafe” sex practices, Delany’s evidence-based dissent. He also engaged in a related form of cultural dissent: speaking the unspeakably obscene, at a time when Silence = Death. Delany called into question both the inferential leaps based on limited epidemiological research that were represented in safer sex guidelines and the widespread public reticence about sexual behavior.
O-36 - Topiramate at low dosage vs. placebo in alcohol dependence

Non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsant agents have been shown to be efficacious treatments for the prevention of alcohol relapse although the FDA has yet approved none of these agents. Several studies have demonstrated topiramate's efficacy in improving drinking behavior and maintaining abstinence. The objective of the present randomised, parallel, placebo-controlled trial was to compare topiramate at low dosage with placebo on alcohol drinking indices and craving in detoxified alcohol dependent subjects. Psychiatric symptomatology, quality of life and clinical global improvement have also been investigated. Sixty detoxified Alcohol Dependent (DSM-IV-TR) outpatients were recruited and randomly assigned to receive topiramate low dosage (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30). Patients have been evaluated after 30, 90 and 180 days of treatment. Withdrawal symptomatology was determined by the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA-Ar); craving for alcohol was evaluated by a 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VASc) and the Obsessive and Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). Psychiatric symptoms were evaluated with the Symptom Check List 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), quality of life with the QL-INDEX; the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) was also administered. As to our results, topiramate is more efficacy than placebo on both the improvement of withdrawal symptomatology and the reduction of relapses. Furthermore, it has resulted effective in reducing craving, the severity of global psychopathology and the quality of life. The data of this pilot study investigate and suggest a possible role for the anticonvulsants agents in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Topiramate could be an alternative option beyond the already approved agents for the treatment of alcohol dependence.
Blood composition in normothermic and hyperthermic kangaroo rats Dipodomysmerriami and laboratory rats Rattusnorvegicus

1. 1. The effects of hyperthermia on some blood constituents were studied in kangaroo rats, Dipodomys merriami, and laboratory white rats, Rattus norvegicus. 2. 2. Normothermic kangaroo rats had significantly higher concentrations of serum inorganic phosphate, urea nitrogen, cholesterol and reducing sugars than white rats. 3. 3. Normothermic kangaroo rats had significantly lower concentrations of serum total calcium and total protein than white rats. 4. 4. Serum levels of uric acid and alkaline phosphatase were similar in both species. 5. 5. Hyperthermia caused a significant increase in serum uric acid in both species. 6. 6. Other blood constituents that were measured did not change in hyperthermic kangaroo rats; however, hyperthermia in white rats caused a decrease in serum inorganic phosphate and cholesterol and an increase in urea nitrogen.