cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nineteen New Species of Taperinha (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)

ABSTRACT Nineteen new species are added to the Genus Taperinha Linnavouri from South America. The new species are Taperinha nuda, T. trigona, T. angulata, T. hamata, T. media, T. ungulata, T. lobata, T. anisota, T. lapayensis, T. odonta from Colombia; T. retusa, T. zanolae from French Guiana; T. dozieri, T. longicornis from Ecuador; T. elongata from Suriname; T. stypa from Venezuela; and T. bulba, T. stenostyla, T. peruviana from Peru. A key to the species known from Colombia is included.
Bazinganomics: Economics of The Big Bang Theory

URL: http://www.bazinganomics.comThe Web site is designed to provide instructors with clips, explanations, and lesson plans related to economics concepts from TV's second most-watched broadcast sho...
High Quality NdFeB Permanent Magnetic Materials

The process for producing NF40H grade NdFeB magnet materials is described in this paper. NdFeB magnet materials with B r =1.298 T ,H cB =963 kA/m ,H cJ =1408 kA/m , and (BH) max =318 kJ/m 3 have been manufactured by using composite additives and antioxidant. The oxidation mechanism during the process is analyzed initially. Microstructure analysis is performed on the samples by SEM back diffraction imaging. An applicable antioxidant is found for sinterecl NdFeB magnets.
Application of the “Three Controls” nutrient management technology for irrigated rice

The"Three Controls" nutrient management technology(TCNM) was demonstrated in farmer's fields in different regions of Guangdong province during 2005～2006.Compared with farmer's fertilizer practice,the TCNM saved 10%～30% nitrogen fertilizer and the nitrogen recovery was 10% higher.Unproductive tiller and the maximum tiller number were lower and the productive tiller percentage was 17.7% greater.The plant architecture was improved,with 33.3% increase in light transmission ratio of the canopy and 21.3% decrease in light extinction coefficient.The occurrences of rice leaf roller and sheath blight severity was 75% and 35.5% lower and 1～3 times less pesticide and fungicide application is needed.In average,the TCNM technology yielded 5%～10% more grain and obtained an additional 50～100 yuan income per 667 m2.
Stochastic Operations and Planning

This document discusses PNNL's efforts to mitigate the changing patterns of electrical system behavior, how it is dispatched, and exchanges of energy.
Development and preliminary evaluation of a simulation-based diabetes education module.

Many Individuals with type II Diabetes fail to self-manage their disease effectively. Faulty Mental Models of the disease and of the role of lifestyle have been implicated as one cause. Simulation based education could help to provide better mental models of the disease and the effects of behavior on glycemia. We have developed a simulation-based module designed to educate and motivate individuals with DM II. In this paper we describe the development of our simulation-based education module as well as a formative evaluation of an introductory module’s understandability. Implications regarding web based education materials are discussed.
Molecular Regulation of Exercise-Induced Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy

Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a widely sought exercise adaptation to counteract the muscle atrophy of aging and disease, or to improve athletic performance. While this desired muscle enlargement is a well-known adaptation to resistance exercise training (RT), the mechanistic underpinnings are not fully understood. The purpose of this review is thus to provide the reader with a summary of recent advances in molecular mechanisms-based on the most current literature-that are thought to promote RT-induced muscle hypertrophy. We have therefore focused this discussion on the following areas of fertile investigation: ribosomal function and biogenesis, muscle stem (satellite) cell activity, transcriptional regulation, mechanotransduction, and myokine signaling.
Surfactant and its role in chronic sinusitis.

Although numerous studies have focused on the nature and defensive role of surfactant in the lower airways, relatively little is known about its role in the upper airways. Decreased levels of the main component of surfactant - phospholipids - have been implicated in atrophic rhinitis. The lamellar body arrangement of phospholipids has now been demonstrated in both normal and diseased sinus tissue, resulting in the implication that these structures may play a crucial role in mucociliary clearance against inhaled pathogens, as well as in the regulation of mucous viscosity. Furthermore, they may be secreted from sinonasal ciliated epithelium. Surfactant proteins (SPs) make up a relatively smaller proportion of surfactant, but appear to have an important role in innate immunity. Altered levels of SPs have been observed in a number of respiratory tract diseases. These SPs may prove to play a significant role in chronic sinusitis. Demonstrated expression of SP-A and SP-D in diseased and normal sinus tissue may mean that these SPs are excreted into the airway-lining fluid of the sinuses. Additionally, initial contact and interaction between pathogens and SP-A and SP-D may occur relatively early after inhalation and deposition into the mucus of the respiratory tract. These findings may lead to potential therapeutic options for difficult-to-treat sinus disease in the future.
Bilingual Parsing with Factored Estimation: Using English to Parse Korean

We describe how simple, commonly understood statistical models, such as statistical dependency parsers, probabilistic context-free grammars, and word-to-word translation models, can be effectively combined into a unified bilingual parser that jointly searches for the best English parse, Korean parse, and word alignment, where these hidden structures all constrain each other. The model used for parsing is completely factored into the two parsers and the TM, allowing separate parameter estimation. We evaluate our bilingual parser on the Penn Korean Treebank and against several baseline systems and show improvements parsing Korean with very limited labeled data.
Oxidation of N-nitroethylenediamine, a GABA analog from Agaricussilvaticus, by GABA aminotransferase

Abstract N-Nitroethylenediamine is a mushroom product which closely resembles the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutyrate, GABA. The nitramine is sequentially accepted as a substrate by the GABA-catabolizing enzymes GABA aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.16). In view of the steric and ionic similarity of the nitramino group to the carboxymethyl group, nitramines may prove generally useful for enzymological and pharmacological purposes as analogs of carboxylic acids.
Atypical forms of paroxysmal positional nystagmus.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common cause of vertigo, and has a typical constellation of physical findings. Atypical forms of paroxysmal positional nystagmus (APPN) also exist, and are thought to represent conditions which are in fact not benign. We studied 100 consecutive patients with positional vertigo in order to learn whether APPN differed from classic BPPV in etiology or clinical fate, and to learn the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders in these patients. APPN was present in 38% of these patients with diverse causes. One-fourth had CNS disorders or vascular insufficiency, the remainder, otogenic or idiopathic. APPN was more likely than BPPV to have a prolonged (persistent or recurring) clinical course. Although most cases eventually resolved, duration of symptoms tended to be longer, regardless of etiology. We conclude that APPN has a less favorable prognosis than typical BPPV, and that a CNS etiology should be suspected in prolonged cases.
GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS OF THE PARTIAL AMINO ACID SEQUENCES OF H-2K AND H-2D ALLOANTIGENS

Abstract Techniques have been developed for the amino acid sequence analysis of picomole quantities of polypeptides. These techniques have been applied to characterize β2-microglobulin and transplantation antigens of the mouse isolated by indirect immunoprecipitation from spleen cells. Eleven residues were identified throughout the N-terminal 27 residues of the β2-microglobulin. All were consistent with residues seen at the corresponding positions of β2-microglobulins from other species. Two K and two D transplantation antigens were examined and the following generalizations emerged from the limited partial amino acid sequence data: l) the K and D molecules are homologous to one another; 2) they do not show amino acid sequence homology with immunoglobulins; 3) the two K molecules differ from one another by multiple amino acid substitutions as do the two D molecules; and 4) the K molecules as a class cannot be distinguished from the D molecules as a class. The genetic and evolutionary implications of these observations are discussed.
Validations of apomorphine-induced BOLD activation correlations in hemiparkinsonian rhesus macaques.

Abstract Identification of Parkinson's disease at the earliest possible stage of the disease may provide the best opportunity for the use of disease modifying treatments. However, diagnosing the disease during the pre-symptomatic period remains an unmet goal. To that end, we used pharmacological MRI (phMRI) to assess the function of the cortico-basal ganglia circuit in a non-human primate model of dopamine deficiency to determine the possible relationships between phMRI signals with behavioral, neurochemical, and histological measurements. Animals with unilateral treatments with the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), that expressed stable, long-term hemiparkinsonism were challenged with the dopaminergic receptor agonist, apomorphine, and structure-specific phMRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation responses were measured. Behavioral, histopathological, and neurochemical measurements were obtained and correlated with phMRI activation of structures of the cortico-basal ganglia system. Greater phMRI activations in the basal ganglia and cortex were associated with slower movement speed, decreased daytime activity, or more pronounced parkinsonian features. Animals showed decreased stimulus-evoked dopamine release in the putamen and substantia nigra pars compacta and lower basal glutamate levels in the motor cortex on the MPTP-lesioned hemisphere compared to the contralateral hemisphere. The altered neurochemistry was significantly correlated with phMRI signals in the motor cortex and putamen. Finally, greater phMRI activations in the caudate nucleus correlated with fewer tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) nigral cells and decreased TH+ fiber density in the putamen. These results reveal the correlation of phMRI signals with the severity of the motor deficits and pathophysiological changes in the cortico-basal ganglia circuit.
V02-11 HOLMIUM LASER ENUCLEATION OF THE PROSTATE USING MOSES TECHNOLOGY IN TREATING BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is the most efficient and durable minimally invasive technique in treating men with lower urinary tract symptoms second...
The Qur’ānic Hints about Epistemic Responsibility: An Analysis of Etymological Variants of ‘i-l-m in the Text

In this chapter we examine some of the verses about perceptual, intellectual, and revelatory knowledge. It is argued that these Qur’ānic verses are best understood as ways of defining knowledge in terms of certain natural and acquired epistemic dispositions or virtues. Human beings are held accountable by the Qur’ān for the proper use of their perceptual and rational faculties. The Qur’ānic concept of revelation as God’s testimony is highlighted along with the Qur’ānic emphasis on the Prophet’s responsibility for proper communication of the content of revelation. It is argued that knowledge for the Qur’ān seems to involve effective exercise of our natural perceptual, rational, and intuitive faculties as well as acquired dispositions or intellectual virtues. The Qur’ānic verses talk both about proper use of natural faculties and exercise of acquired intellectual virtues for acquisition of knowledge. Hence, it is suggested that the divide between responsibilist and reliabilist camps of virtue epistemology needs to be bridged. Some developments in this direction are noted.
Generic Drugs, Used Textbooks, and the Limits of Antitrust Liability for Product Improvements

A key issue in "product-hopping" cases is how to reconcile society's interest in increased price competition with the need for continued pharmaceutical innovation, particularly where a new product formulation presents genuine therapeutic benefits. Some courts have proposed to weigh the acknowledged therapeutic value of a new pharmaceutical product against the monetary effects of suppressed generic competition. But the task of "weighing" such radically incommensurable social values lies well beyond the competence of generalist tribunals. Michael Carrier and Steve Shadowen have proposed to side-step this problem through what they call a "no business sense" test. Although this approach would avoid a direct comparison of therapeutic benefits and monetary harms, it would present intractable implementation problems of its own, and it asks the wrong conceptual question in any event. In the final analysis, developing and marketing a new formulation should not subject a manufacturer to antitrust liability if the formulation presents genuine therapeutic benefits for patients. We underscore these points by comparing the pharmaceutical marketplace to the economically similar marketplace for college textbooks. That marketplace, too, features a "price disconnect," where the professors who assign textbooks do not pay for them, and the students who pay for textbooks do not choose them. Yet no one seriously proposes to subject publishers and authors to antitrust liability for conduct strikingly similar to pharmaceutical product-hopping: introducing new editions more often than they otherwise would allegedly in order to suppress competition from used booksellers. There is no principled reason for applying different rules to successful reformulations of existing pharmaceutical products.
A secure low-power approach for providing mobile encryption

Despite advancing technology, most mobile embedded devices (i.e. PDAs and cellphones) have weak wireless communication security. While some of the more powerful mobiles can perform public-key encryption, many devices are left with paltry, if any, encryption capabilities. In the marketplace, battery life and size concerns trump security. However, as our world increasingly relies on these devices for sensitive data (banking, business and financial correspondence, payments, etc.) and on the instant connectivity to these services that such mobiles offer, the need for developing low-power security methods is imperative.
Using eService-Learning to Practice Technical Writing Skills for Emerging Nonprofit Professionals

Undergraduate students entering the nonprofit sector receive theoretical information on working in nonprofits but may need practical skills. Universities can assist in developing these practical skills through service-learning opportunities. Nonprofit courses and programs are increasingly being offered online and students may lack the opportunity to participate in traditional service-learning classes. Service-learning— linking service to course learning outcomes—as a pedagogy is transforming to meet the needs of these virtual classrooms. One key transformation is the rise of eServicelearning, a method that is mediated by technology and is delivered online. This paper discusses ways that eService-learning was effectively utilized in an online nonprofit course by students to practice technical writing skills. It provides an example of a project in which students developed practical skills and created a professional product for nonprofits. The paper also discusses challenges and successes with the project with recommendations for use by others. Subscribe to JNEL
Food Bank-Based Diabetes Prevention Intervention to Address Food Security, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity in a Food-Insecure Cohort at High Risk for Diabetes.

Purpose and objectives Although food insecurity is associated with poor dietary intake and risk of chronic disease, few studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of diabetes prevention interventions delivered through food banks. Food banks serve vulnerable communities. The purpose of this pilot project was to assess the effectiveness of a food bank-delivered intervention aimed at improving food security and reducing risk factors for type 2 diabetes among at-risk clients. Intervention approach We screened adult English- and Spanish-speaking food bank clients for type 2 diabetes risk at 12 community food distribution sites in Alameda County, California. Screening and enrollment for a pilot intervention took place from November 2017 to March 2018. Intervention components were delivered from November 2017 through March 2019. The intervention included monthly diabetes-appropriate food packages, text-based health education, and referrals to health care. Evaluation methods Food bank staff members administered surveys to participants at baseline, 6 months (midpoint), and 12 months (postintervention); participants self-reported all responses. Primary outcomes assessed were food security status, dietary intake, health-related behaviors, and body mass index (BMI). Information on demographic characteristics, food pantry access, health care use, and symptoms of depression was also collected. Results We screened 462 food bank clients for eligibility. Of the 299 who were eligible, 244 enrolled; 90.6% were female, 80.1% were Hispanic, and 49.1% had an annual household income less than $20,000. At baseline, 68.8% of participants had low or very low food security. At midpoint, participants had significant improvements in food security status, dietary intake, physical activity, health status, and depression scores. Mean BMI did not change. Implications for public health This intervention demonstrated that food banks can effectively screen clients at high risk for diabetes and improve household food security and other risk factors for diabetes. Food banks may be an important and strategic partner for health care systems or community-based organizations working to prevent diabetes in food-insecure populations.
Densification and oxidation behavior of spark plasma sintered Hafnium Diboride-Hafnium Carbide composite

Abstract This study reports on the sintering and oxidation behaviors of Hafnium Diboride (HfB2) and Hafnium Carbide (HfC) based ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) composites. Pure Hafnium Diboride, Hafnium Carbide, and HfB2-50 vol% HfC composite were consolidated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) without the use of sintering aids. HfB2-HfC composite displayed a high sintered density of 98% as compared to 87% density of pure HfB2. The increased density of the HfB2-HfC composite is attributed to the bimodal powder distribution, which allowed for the smaller HfC particle to occupy the voids between the larger HfB2 particles resulting in improved packing efficiency. Moreover, the higher planar surface energy, for the (111) and the (200) planes for HfC, contributed to the smaller HfC particle being a significant driving force in the sintering process. Oxidation studies of each material were carried out by exposing them to a high-speed plasma jet in a temperature exceeding 2700 °C. The results of these studies show an improved oxidation resistance of HfB2-HfC composite by 54% and 70% over pure HfC and HfB2, respectively. The enhanced oxidation behavior is attributed to B2O3 filling in the porosity between the HfO2 scale and protecting the underlying material. This study provides a new alternative to improve the sinterability of UHTC diborides by introducing another UHTC (i.e., HfC) to form a fully dense composite without sintering aid and superior oxidation resistance.
Gamer's Thrombosis: A Review of Published Reports

Background: Thrombosis, well known as a condition of the elderly, is occurring in the otherwise healthy adolescent population. Immobility is a significant risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE), and adolescents who play video games are immobile for extended periods of time. Some are presenting with VTE. When other risk factors such as obesity are present, the risk of VTE formation increases. We provide a review of published case reports regarding gaming and thrombosis. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO for articles published through July 2019, using the keywords "computer game thrombosis," "computer game pulmonary embolism," "computer game deep vein thrombosis," "video game thrombosis," "video game pulmonary embolism," and "video game deep vein thrombosis." Results: Of the 26 articles we identified, we included 12 articles in our review that report a total of 15 cases, of which 2 resulted in fatalities. Modifiable risk factors included cigarette use, being overweight, birth control use, and prolonged immobility. Anticoagulation was the principal treatment modality in patients presenting with gaming thrombosis. Conclusion: We strongly encourage screening gamers for possible VTEs if clinically warranted.
Assessing the Potential for Enhanced Bio Accumulation of Heavy Metals from Produced Water Discharges to the Gulf of Mexico

More than 140 million m3 of produced water per year are discharged to surface water from more than 3000 production platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Reilly et al., 1991; LeBlanc, 1994). Concentrations of heavy metals in this produced water can be enriched by factors of 10 to greater than 10,000 relative to ambient seawater (Boesch and Rabalais, 1989; Ray and Engelhardt, 1992). Concern for the fate and effects of such discharges continues to prompt a variety of research and monitoring programs.
E-cigarettes epidemic and the need for education

E-cigarettes are now the most used form of tobacco in the USA despite recently reported illnesses associated with them. E-cigarettes are still popular among 12 million Americans and hence nursing programs need to keep pace providing education. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were conducted using secondary data. The sample consisted of 21,177 participants. Findings indicate that participants consumed e-cigarettes to quit smoking, for enjoyment, or to reduce tobacco cigarette smoking. Age (p = .024, odds ratio of 1.038), insurance status (p = .030, odds ratio of .186), and education level (p = .002, odds ratio of 13.045) played a significant role in consumption. Study findings suggest that e-cigarette users consume the product for various reasons. This presents an educational opportunity for nursing programs to address e-cigarette misconceptions, particularly for first-time users. Utilisation of the 5As model for smoking cessation in addressing e-cigarette consumption is proposed.
Utilization of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) in New York

This paper presents New York State Department of Transportation’s (NYSDOT) experience with Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) using Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems (PBES) with field-cast UHPC joints. New York State frequently is in need of bridge deck and superstructure replacement using short term closures to maintain acceptable levels of mobility within the highway network. It has a long history of using PBES for accelerating bridge construction. While the objective of accelerating the construction was routinely achieved, long term durability of these structures was a big concern. The reason for this was the inferior performance of joints between pre-fabricated components. Starting from 2008 NYSDOT has been deeply involved in the development, testing, trial application and utilization of field-cast UHPC joints between prefabricated elements for ABC. As of now this technology has been utilized in a large number of bridges within the state. Performance of these bridges, many of them carrying interstate highways with exposure to high levels of chlorides has been very good. This paper will narrate the case studies of the construction of different bridge types using this construction technology.
Nonlinear photocarrier dynamics and the role of shallow traps in mixed-halide mixed-cation hybrid perovskites

We examine the role of surface passivation on carrier trapping and nonlinear recombination dynamics in hybrid metal-halide perovskites by means of excitation correlation photoluminescence (ECPL) spectroscopy. We find that carrier trapping occurs on sub-nanosecond timescales in both control (unpassivated) and passivated samples, which is consistent within a shallow-trap model. However, the impact of passivation has a direct effect on both shallow and deep traps. Our results reveal that the effect of passivation of deep traps is responsible for the increase of the carrier lifetimes, while the passivation of shallow traps reduces the excitation density required for shallow-trap saturation. Our work demonstrates how ECPL provides details about the passivation of shallow traps beyond those available via conventional time-resolved photoluminescence techniques.
Functional decline in the aphasic variant of Alzheimer's disease

Introduction Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a clinical dementia syndrome associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Impairment in activities of daily living is essential for dementia diagnosis, yet less is known about the neuropathologic impact on functional decline in PPA, especially over time. Methods Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADLQ) ratings were compared by suspected underlying pathology between 17 PPAAβ+ and 11 PPAAβ- participants at 6-month intervals for 2 years using a linear mixed-effects model. A general linear model examined associations between functional decline and cortical thickness at baseline. Results Groups did not differ in demographics or aphasia severity at baseline, yet overall and subdomain scores of the ADLQ were significantly worse for PPAAβ+ compared to PPAAβ- (P = .015) at each interval across 18 months. Discussion Functional decline appears more pronounced and disrupts more aspects of life activities for individuals with non-semantic PPA with suspected AD versus non-AD neuropathology.
Species-specific responses to restoration interventions in a Tamaulipan thornforest

Abstract In the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) of south Texas, native thornscrub forest restoration has been ongoing for the past four decades, yet few assessments of their efficacy exist, and no study has yet quantified species-specific responses. Seedling transplantation in conjunction one or more restoration interventions (RIs) remains the method of choice at most sites, and thus the initial months following transplantation, when seedlings are especially vulnerable to drought and animal damage, are a critical time for determining restoration success. To this end, we evaluated the survival, growth, and animal damage of 3600 native seedlings of 24 thornforest species in response to RIs incorporating a combination of seedling shelters and slow-release moisture, as well as a mycorrhizae-biostimulant admixture (MBS). We surveyed seedlings on a bi-monthly basis over one year following planting at a semi-arid upland site in the LRGV. We found that while shelters had a pronounced and lasting impact on height growth (increased by 15–27% on average), reduction of mortality by seedling shelter RIs was only modest (reduced on average by 5–12% per species), with significant benefits accruing from cocoon shelters only, which provide slow-release moisture to the seedling roots during the initial month after planting. Species-specific responses were the most variable, with mortality ranging from 8 to 69%. While shelters in some cases reduced mammalian herbivory, the growth of leggier stems and degradation of biodegradable shelters may reduce their overall efficacy. We conclude that thornforest restoration may be most effective when seedling performance is considered in species selection and costly restoration interventions are applied on species-specific basis. These results contribute an important first step towards optimizing forest restoration efforts in the LRGV on the basis of species identity and kickstart a species-specific database of seedling demographic responses in semi-arid forest restoration.
Notch Intracellular Domain Plasmid Delivery via Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanoparticles to Upregulate Notch Signaling

Abstract Notch signaling is a highly conserved signaling system that is required for embryonic development and regeneration of organs. When the signal is lost, maldevelopment occurs and leads to a lethal state. Liposomes and retroviruses are most commonly used to deliver genetic material to cells. However, there are many drawbacks to these systems such as increased toxicity, nonspecific delivery, short half-life, and stability after formulation. We utilized the negatively charged and FDA approved polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) to encapsulate Notch Intracellular Domain-containing plasmid in nanoparticles. In this study, we show that primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells readily uptake the nanoparticles with and without specific antibody targets. We demonstrated that our nanoparticles also are nontoxic, stable over time, and compatible with blood. We also determined that we can successfully transfect primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with our nanoparticles in static and dynamic environments. Lastly, we elucidated that our transfection upregulates the downstream genes of Notch signaling, indicating that the payload was viable and successfully altered the genetic downstream effects.
Research on Network Optimization and Network Security in Power Wireless Private Network

With the explosive growth of communication demand, all kinds of services require higher and higher wireless communication indicators, and the power wireless private network and 4G public network are not enough to support the massive connection, bandwidth access and low delay service requirements in the unit area, and can not support the development of the power internet of things. On the basis of this situation, this paper puts forward planning research of technologies in power system, analyzes the requirements of network in detail, and the coverage and capacity planning of network. As an important infrastructure to support the development of power system, the network will greatly promote the development of energy Internet strategy, and will greatly promote and upgrade the power services.
How much potable water is saved by wastewater recycling? Quasi-experimental evidence from California

Abstract Recently, California has made large investments in wastewater recycling to replace applications that use potable water. It may be expected that the use of recycled water reduces potable water use, but such an equivalency is not assured. The addition of recycled water infrastructure in a large Californian water district creates a natural experiment where this work tests how recycled water usage affects primary potable water. This is done using econometric methods for causal inference in an observational setting that mirror a randomized control trial (RCT). From 2001 to 2014, a number of public parks were given recycled water infrastructure, while others in those regions remained exclusively on potable supply. A two-way fixed effects regression is used to produce a difference-in-differences estimate of the average treatment effect of recycled water on total and potable water usage. The results indicate that potable water usage is reduced significantly when a park is connected to the recycled water supply. The estimated rate of displacement in the study period is 81.7%, meaning each unit of recycled water use avoided 0.817 units of potable water usage, which implies the connection of parks to recycled water supply increases total water use. The analysis provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first empirical estimate of the water savings claimed by urban water recycling programs, and the first empirical estimate of displacement using quasi-experimental methods. The methodology can be utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of recycling programs around the world.
The Relationships Between Selected Organizational Variables and ATM Technology Adoption in Campus Networking

ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) is an emerging technology in computer networking, which, in turn, is the physical media of information systems and networking/telecommunication systems. The technology provides potentiality for universities to build their networks based on the future vision of uniting voice, data, and video communications on ATM-technology-based equipment. A review of the literature revealed that minimal evidence exists to indicate whether the size, type, financial factors, and information processing maturity of a university affect a university's high-tech innovation adoptions. No research of this nature has been undertaken in the study of ATM adoption in any institutions of higher learning, nor has any research of this nature been found in other organizations, either. Such evidence is needed by university administrators, information systems managers, and LAN managers to understand their universities better, whether they have or have not adopted ATM, and to evaluate their current administrative, academic, and financial situations and current campus networking situations. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between ATM adoption and four organizational variables: university size, type, finances, and information processing maturity. Another purpose of the study was to identify the current status of ATM adoption in campus networking in the United States. Logistic regression was used as the statistical data analysis method. The results of the study provided evidence to show that ATM adoption in campus networking is significantly related to university size, university type, university finances, and university information processing maturity.
Analysis of Successive Interference Cancellation in M-ary Orthogonal DS-CDMA System with Single Path Rayleigh Fading

Compensating for near/far and fading effects is critical for satisfactory performance of DS/CDMA systems. So far, practical systems have used power control to over come fading and near/far effects. Another approach which has a fundamental potential in not only eliminating near/far effects but also in substantially raising the capacity, is the multiuser detectors and interference cancellers. Various optimal and sub-optimal schemes have been investigated. These schemes, however, get too complex even for considerably simple systems. Previously, we analyzed a simple successive interference cancellation scheme for a simple coherent BPSK modulation scheme. We now extend the simple successive interference cancellation scheme to a more complex (robust) modulation scheme, namely, M-ary Orthogonal modulation. We analyze the performance of the successive IC scheme under Rayleigh fading, where the order of cancellation changes as fast as fading (of the order of every 1 ms). The analysis indicates that the successive IC scheme not only increases the mean post-cancellation SNR (signal to noise ratio), but also lowers the coefficient of variation of the SNRs. This translates to lower BER, increased capacity and near far resistance.
Thermal performance trade-offs for point focusing solar collectors

Solar thermal conversion performance is assessed in this paper for representative point focusing distributed systems. Trade-off comparisons are made in terms of concentrator quality, solar receiver operating temperature, and power conversion efficiency. Normalized system performance is presented on a unit concentrator area basis for integrated annual electric energy production.
Preparing DNA Libraries for Multiplexed Paired‐End Deep Sequencing for Illumina GA Sequencers

Whole genome sequencing, also known as deep sequencing, is becoming a more affordable and efficient way to identify SNP mutations, deletions and insertions in DNA sequences across several different strains. Two major obstacles preventing the widespread use of deep sequencers are the costs involved in services used to prepare DNA libraries for sequencing and the overall accuracy of the sequencing data. This Unit describes the preparation of DNA libraries for multiplexed paired-end sequencing using the Illumina GA series sequencer. Self-preparation of DNA libraries can help reduce overall expenses, especially if optimization is required for the different samples, and use of the Illumina GA Sequencer can improve the quality of the data.
Caffeine alters plasma adenosine levels

Since the delights of tea were discovered by Emperor Shen Nung in 2737 BC, methylxanthines have been common in the human diet. Today, the methylxanthine caffeineis the most commonly consumed drug in the world1, with actions mediated primarily by adenosine receptor blockade2. We now report that caffeine increases plasma adenosine concentration in a manner that is dose-related, saturable, and mimicked by peripheral adenosine receptor blockade. Opposite effects are seen after caffeine withdrawal, indicative of a receptor-mediated effect.
Epigenetic Targets in GABAergic Neurons to Treat Schizophrenia

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the epigenetic targets in γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neurons to treat schizophrenia (SZ). In the cortical GABAergic neurons of SZ patients, transcriptional downregulation of genes, encoding several proteins critical for neuronal plasticity, such as reelin and GAD 67 , is related to an epigenetic hypermethylation of their corresponding promoters by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), which is selectively overexpressed in these neurons. Epigenetic changes in the regulation of reelin and GAD 67 contribute to the sculpting of speciﬁc neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and behavioral endophenotypes in SZ. These changes can be treated by targeting the aberrations in epigenetic function detected in the cortical GABAergic neurons of SZ patients. A multicenter double‐blind study shows that atypical antipsychotics have a faster onset of response when combined with valproic acid (VPA). VPA is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor that suggests that supplementation of atypical anti-psychotics with HDAC inhibitors elicits a faster onset of speciﬁc epigenetic transcriptional changes underlying antipsychotic efﬁcacy. The ﬁndings discussed in the chapter offer new opportunities for “epigenetic treatments” aimed at decreasing the hypermethylation of promoters that are associated with GABAergic dysfunction in SZ.
MOVEMENTS AND MOTOR PATTERNS OF THE BUCCAL MASS OF PLEUROBRANCHAEA DURING FEEDING, REGURGITATION AND REJECTION

SUMMARY Feeding, regurgitation, and rejection in the marine gastropod Pleurobranchaea all involve similar but not identical rhythmic movements of buccal mass structures such as the radula, jaws and lips. The part of the motor pattern which produces rhythmic radula movement, as recorded in the major external muscles of the buccal mass of behaving semi-intact preparations, was similar during the three different types of behaviour, suggesting that they share a common motor-pattern generator. Other parts of the motor pattern were only obviously different during the vomiting phase of regurgitation. Differences in the function and motor patterns of feeding and rejection are presumably accounted for by differences in the activity of muscles which could not be recorded from in this study (e.g. jaw muscles). A general conclusion is that buccal rhythms in gastropods cannot automatically be assumed to underlie feeding, and this is particularly true for dissected preparations which do not execute a clear behavioural response. It would be necessary either to record motor activity that is unique for a given behaviour, or to employ preparations which execute unambiguous behavioural responses.
I/O and File Systems for Data-Intensive Applications

Largecany other knowledge discoveries. During the evolution of parallel computing, it forms two major camps: high-performance computing (or Supercomputing) and cloud computing. HPC is computing-oriented and the typical applications are scientific simulation, numerical computation, and etc. They rely on low-latency networks for message passing and use parallel programming paradigms such as MPI to enable parallelism [1]. Cloud computing is usually data-processing-oriented and the typical framework is designed for large-scale batch data processing.
Spatial and temporal intensification of lateral hyporheic flux in narrowing intra‐meander zones

Meander bends in alluvial rivers morphologically evolve towards meander cut-off with narrowing intra-meander necks, and this should steepen hydraulic gradients and intensify intra-meander hyporheic flux. This research used dye tracking and head loss measurements in a 1 : 500 planimetrically scaled laboratory river table to quantify the spatial and temporal intensification of intra-meander flux rates at two evolution ages. The younger meander bend, M1, had a sinuosity of 2.3, a river neck width of 0.39 cm, and 0.6% river slope, and the older meander bend, M3, had a sinuosity of 5.2, a river neck width of 0.12 cm, and 0.5% river slope. Flux into and out of the meander bend was estimated along the normalized curvilinear distance s*, with the meander neck at s* = 0.1 and s* = 0.9, the meander centroid at s* = 0.37 and s* = 0.63, and the apex at s* = 0.5. Between the meander centroid and neck, we documented a 60% spatial intensification for M1 and a 90% spatial intensification for M3. Between M1 and M3, we documented a 135% temporal intensification at the neck and a 100% intensification at the centroid. Our empirical spatial and temporal intensification rates involving the M1 and the M3 scenario were one to three times lower than theoretical rates derived from a river evolution model with equivalent M1 and M3 planimetry. Overestimation by the theoretical model was attributed to exaggerated head loss caused by the model neglecting groundwater contributions to river stage. Hyporheic exchange provides critical ecosystem services, and its spatial and temporal variation with meander evolution should be considered in river management. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trigeminal and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia

Trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia are two causes of paroxysmal craniofacial pain. Either can be debilitating in affected individuals. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options for these disorders.
Investigating the impact of off-nominal events on high-density ‘green’ arrivals

Trajectory-based controller tools developed to support a schedule-based terminal-area air traffic management (ATM) concept have been shown effective for enabling ‘green’ arrivals along Area Navigation (RNAV) routes in moderately high-density traffic conditions. A recent human-in-the-loop simulation investigated the robustness of the concept and tools to off-nominal events-events that lead to situations in which runway arrival schedules require adjustments and controllers can no longer use speed control alone to impose the necessary delays. Study participants included a terminal-area Traffic Management Supervisor responsible for adjusting the schedules. Sector-controller participants could issue alternate RNAV transition routes to absorb large delays. The study also included real-time winds/wind-forecast changes. The results indicate that arrival spacing accuracy, schedule conformance, and tool usage and usefulness are similar to that observed in simulations of nominal operations. However, the time and effort required to recover from an off-nominal event is highly context-sensitive, and impacted by the required schedule adjustments and control methods available for managing the evolving situation. The research suggests ways to bolster the off-nominal recovery process, and highlights challenges related to using human-in-the-loop simulation to investigate the safety and robustness of advanced ATM concepts.
Some limitations of regional econometric models

Because of the many theoretical and statistical problems inherent in the construction of regional econometric models, I believe that considerable caution should be exercised by anyone who tries to use one of these models. I intentionally chose to emphasize the negative aspect of these models because I believe there is widespread misuse of econometrics and I fear that many people do not realize how tenuous the conclusions drawn from econometric models really are. This does not mean that I recommend the abandonment of econometric techniques in regional analysis. Instead, I wish to emphasize the weaknesses of regression analysis which are usually not treated by model builders.
Electron Detachment in Low-Energy Collisions of H- and D- with He

The applicability of the complex-potential theory to H(-)-He collisions is investigated. Measurements are conducted of the elastic differential cross section for H(-)-He collisions, taking into account energies in the range from 5 to 120 eV. A preliminary determination is made of the energy spectrum of detached electrons. The results are interpreted in terms of the complex-potential theory. The crossing point is determined together with the general shape of the HeH(-) potential curve.
HEMORRHAGE AND THROMBOSES ASSOCIATED WITH NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS.

Abstract Thrombosis and hemorrhage constitute systemic manifestations of neoplastic disease. Thrombosis may be caused by alteration in platelet adhesiveness, release of thromboplastic material, increased antihemophilic globulin content, diminished antifibrinolytic activity and dysproteinemias, such as cryofibrinogenemia or cryoglobulinemia. Increased hemorrhagic tendency in cancer is due to thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia (either with or without fibrinolysis), anticoagulants, and dysproteinemias. The same mechanism for the production of a thrombotic state can predispose, under certain circumstances, to a hemorrhagic state. The mechanisms whereby the hematologic abnormalities produce clinical symptomatology have been detailed. In our present state of knowledge, the explanation for some of the phenomena remains a mystery.
3P and 3C chemical-shift tensors in zirconium phosphonates

Abstract The orientations of the 31 P phosphonate and 13 C carboxyl chemical-shift tensors in the molecular frame of layered Zr(O 3 PCH 2 OOH) 2 have been determined. The magnitudes of the three principal elements of these tensors were extracted from the 31 P and 13 C chemical-shift anisotropy (CSA) powder patterns, respectively, of Zr(O 3 PCH 2 OOH) 2 The orientation of the principal axes of the 31 P phosphonate chemical shielding tensor in Zr(O 3 PCH 2 OOH) 2 was determined by simulating the 31 P- 13 C dipolar perturbation of the 31p CSA powder pattern of 13C-labeled Zr(O 3 PCH 2 OOH) 2 . The least shielded tensor element, δ 33 , was found to lie in the PCC plane approximately 17° from the PC bond vector. The PCC plane also bisects the right angle formed by the remaining two tensor elements, δ 11 and δ 22 . The orientation of the 13 C carboxyl chemical shielding principal-axis system was determined by modeling the 13 C 13 C perturbation of the 13 C CSA powder pattern of Zr(O 3 PCH 2 OOH) 2 . This orientation was found to be typical of carboxylic acid shielding tensors previously reported in the literature. The most shielded tensor element, δ 33 , is nearly perpendicular to the COOH plane, while δ 11 and δ 22 lie in the COOH plane, with δ 11 approximately 10° off the bisector of the OCO angle and δ 22 approximately 20° off the C0 bond.