cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis of propylene over carbon active sites—I: Kinetics

Abstract The influence of carbon active sites on the pyrolysis of propylene was studied in the temperature range 873–1073 K at a starting pressure of 1.6 Pa. Graphon, a graphitized carbon black, was used as a substrate for pyrolysis and subsequent carbon deposition. Pyrolysis was carried out in a static reactor at low pressures where secondary products were less likely to form and complicate the system. The pyrolysis of propylene over the Graphon substrate may be described by the expression d (C 3 H 6 ) dt = (k) (C 3 H 6 ) (ASA) moles/sec where ASA is the active surface area (cm2) of the carbon measured by propylene chemisorption at 573 K, (C3H6) is the concentration of propylene in moles/cm3, and k is the specific reaction rate constant having a value of 109.62 exp (−57 kcal/mole/RT) cm/sec. The carbon active surface greatly enhanced the rate of cracking of hydro-carbons to elemental carbon which was deposited directly on the surface. The carbon was found to deposit on the active sites and become new active sites. Thus, the carbon deposit replicated the active surface area and was autocatalytic.
THE HOSPITAL MEMORIAL SERVICE: A CONTEMPORARY RESPONSE TO SOCIETY'S RITUAL NEEDS

(1990). THE HOSPITAL MEMORIAL SERVICE: A CONTEMPORARY RESPONSE TO SOCIETY'S RITUAL NEEDS. Religious Education: Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 536-547.
Genesis and Evolution of Water Masses

The main water masses of the oceans are described as they exist at the present time. It is postulated that at the height of the Wisconsin glacial period the mean salinity of the oceans was 35.7‰, one part per thousand more saline than it is now. The evolution and eventual dissipation of the Wisconsin bottom water mass is discussed together with the possible effect of this water mass on pelagic sediments.
Chapter 15 The Cultivation of Animal Cells and Production of Viruses in Serum-Free Systems

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the need for serum-free or chemically defined media and establishes many successful formulations but in practice these media are not used to any great extent, and the problems involved in their use are well documented. Serum supply hormones, vitamins, amino acids, trace elements, and other small molecules, and also supplies macromolecules. The chapter discusses the growth of animal cells in serum-free systems. The production of viruses in serum-free or chemically defined systems appears to present fewer problems than the growth of cells. The commercial production of viruses for human vaccine production does not make use of established cell lines however is restricted to primary cells (with the exception of W1-38), although veterinary vaccines are being developed using cell lines such as BHK-2 1. Therefore the serum-free systems for the growth of cells (and the production of viruses) developed so far probably have little or no commercial significance. The production of viruses in nonproliferating primary cell suspension may be of more value in some cases, as serum apparently is not required, provided that virus production is rapid and that large-scale purification of the virus can be carried out. The chapter summarizes the problems associated with the use of serum-free media and its current position in cell culture.
Electric Vehicle Battery Charger-power Line Interface

The interface between the battery chargers in electric vehicles and the power line is a source of several potentially s erious problems. Nonsinusoidal current and poor power factor at the charger input may adversely affect the power grid. Also variations in line voltage affect the performance of the charger. This p aper reports the results of a preliminary study of these problems. This study uses b oth analytical and experimental means. Preliminary results indicate that f urther study is needed, but that these problems cannot be ignored. They may become serious if electric vehicles are mass produced and the charging power becomes a significant p art of the nighttime load.
Testing CMOS logic gates for: realistic shorts

It is assumed that tests generated using the single stuck-at fault model will implicitly detect the vast majority of fault-causing defects within logic elements. This may not be the case. In this paper we characterize the possible shorts in the combinational cells in a standard cell library. The characterization includes errors on the cell outputs, errors on the cell inputs, and excessive quiescent current. The characterization provides input vectors to stimulate these errors. After characterizing the faults that occur due to possible electrical shorts, we compare the coverage of the logic faults using a single stuck-at test set and tests developed specifically to detect these shorts. We discuss the effectiveness of I/sub DDQ/ testing for these faults.
Aging characteristics of high-power lithium-ion cells with LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 and Li4/3Ti5/3O4 electrodes

Abstract The impedance rise that results from the accelerated aging of high-power lithium-ion cells containing LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 -based positive and graphite-based negative electrodes is dominated by contributions from the positive electrode. Data from various diagnostic experiments have indicated that a general degradation of the ionic pathway, apparently caused by surface film formation on the oxide particles, produces the positive electrode interface rise. One mechanistic hypothesis postulates that these surface films are components of the negative electrode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that migrate through the electrolyte and separator and subsequently coat the positive electrode. This hypothesis is examined in this article by subjecting cells with LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 -based positive and Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 -based negative electrodes to accelerated aging. The impedance rise in these cells was observed to be almost entirely from the positive electrode. Because reduction products are not expected on the 1.55 V Li 4/3 Ti 5/3 O 4 electrode, the positive electrode impedance cannot be attributed to the migration of SEI-type fragments from the negative electrode. It follows then that the impedance rise results from mechanisms that are “intrinsic” to the positive electrode.
Heats of solution of gaseous hydrocarbons in water at 15, 25, and 35°C

Calorimetrically measured heats of solution of eleven hydrocarbon gases into water are reported at 15 and 25°C. Gases studied are methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, 2-methylpropane, 2,2-dimethylpropane, cyclopropane, ethene, propene, 1-butene, and ethyne. These values in combination with previous results are used to derive heat capacity changes at 25°C. Comparison of enthalpy and heat capacity values with those from other studies shows satisfactory agreement. Correlation of the heat capacity change with the number of water molecules in the first solvation shell of the solute suggests that the observed heat capacity changes are primarily due to changes in the water molecules in this solvent shell.
Hereditarily indecomposable subcontinua of the product of two Souslin arcs are metric

We prove that if each of X and Y is a Souslin arc (a Hausdorff arc that is the compactification of a connected Souslin line), then every hereditarily indecomposable subcontinuum of X×Y is metric.
Multipath diffusion: a general numerical model

The effect of high-diffusivity pathways on bulk diffusion of a solute in a material has been modeled previously for simple geometries such as those in tracer diffusion experiments, but not for the geometries and boundary conditions appropriate for experiments involving bulk exchange. Using a coupled system of equations for simultaneous diffusion of a solute through two families of diffusion pathways with differing diffusivities, a general 1-D finite difference model written in FORTRAN has been developed which can be used to examine the effect of high-diffusivity paths on partial and total concentration profiles within a homogeneous isotropic sphere, infinite cylinder, and infinite slab. The partial differential equations are discretized using the θ-method/central-difference scheme, and an iterative procedure analogous to the Gauss-Seidel method is employed to solve the two systems of coupled equations. Using Fourier convergence analysis, the procedure is shown to be unconditionally convergent. Computer simulations demonstrate that a multipath diffusion mechanism can enhance significantly the bulk diffusivity of a diffusing solute species through a material. The amount of solute escaping from a material is dependent strongly on the exchange coefficients, which govern the transfer of solute from the crystal lattice to the high-diffusivity paths and vice versa. In addition, the exchange coefficients (ϰ1, and ϰ2) seem to control not only the amount of solute that is lost, but also the shape of the concentration profile. If |K1| < |K2|, concentration profiles generally are non-Fickian in shape, typically having shallow concentration gradients near the center (radius r = 0) and steep gradients towards the outer boundary of the material (r = R). When |K1| ⩾ |K2| a concentration profile is generated which resembles a Fickian (volume) diffusion profile with an apparent bulk diffusivity between that of the crystal lattice and that of the high-diffusivity pathways. Because the input parameters are general, this model may have widespread applicability in any area of earth sciences where diffusion considerations are important.
Intramolecular interaction involving the first excited singlet state of sulphur dioxide

Abstract The present study concerning the Renner-Teller effect in SO 2 has the advantage of offering an explanation for fluorescence lifetime lengthening and for the fluorescence quenching results as well.
Therapeutic evaluation and potential: the psychodynamic point of view.

Summary In summary, the clinical and therapeutic evaluation of patients from a psychodynamic point of view is a complex skill involving multiple activities in the therapist and an approach to the patient from varying directions and with varying points of focus simultaneously. Alexander 1 used the analogy of the therapist in the evaluation period as “a traveler standing on top a hill overlooking the country through which he is about to journey. At this time it may be possible for him to see his whole antieipated journey in perspective. When once he has descended into the valley, this perspective must be retained in his memory or else it will be gone. From this time on, he will be able to examine small parts of this landscape in much greater detail than was possible when he was viewing them from a distance, but the broad relations will no longer be so clear.” The general configurations of the patient's dynamic and genetic problems may be readily accessible to the therapist in these early sessions, and an overall survey of the patient, his adaptation, his strengths and weaknesses may be more easily possible at this time. Once the therapy has begun and the various individual vicissitudes and details of the patient's history, conflicts and transference relationship to the therapist become increasingly the focus of interest and therapeutic work, it becomes more difficult to develop or reestablish this broad perspective and attempts to do so at this point may impede the ongoing or evolving therapy and therapentic relationship. Thus, in all forms of psychotherapy the dynamic evaluation of the patient prior to the beginning of treatment can provide the therapist with an extremely useful overall survey and map which he can subsequently use to orient himself and to plot his course as the details of the subsequent treatment unfold.
On the dislocation-free zone and the modification of G by work hardening

Abstract On the basis that a crack may be represented by a dislocation continuum it is shown that a crack extension force (G) cannot occur in the absence of a dislocation-free zone (D.F.Z.). Given such a zone it is shown that G is apt to be sensitive to the variation of flow stress in the plastic zone and hence to work hardening.
Use of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Contrast echocardiography is useful in diagnosing the presence of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, particularly when it occurs in association with an atrial septal defect. Injections of saline solution, Cardiogreen or the patient's own blood were made in the inferior vena cava, left atrium and pulmonary veins of 27 patients. In all patients, the inferior vena caval injections showed only right heart clouding with no evidence of a right to left shunt. In 21 patients, the left atrial and pulmonary venous injections showed clouding of both the right and left heart structures, indicating a left to right atrial shunt and normal pulmonary venous connection. In six patients, the left atrial injections showed right and left heart clouding, but the right pulmonary venous injections showed only right heart structures, indicating a left to right atrial shunt with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Contrast echocardiography proved to be a sensitive method of diagnosing the anomalous venous connection without the use of dye curves. The method is not useful when a right to left atrial shunt is present and may show false positive results for partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection if left atrial visualization is not adequate during injection into the pulmonary vein.
Suppressor of Hairless, the Drosophila homolog of the mouse recombination signal-binding protein gene, controls sensory organ cell fates.

Abstract Suppressor of Hairless (Su(H)) is required at two stages of adult sensory organ development in Drosophila. Complete loss of Su(H) function results in a "neurogenic" phenotype in imaginal discs, in which too many cells adopt the sensory organ precursor cell fate. Su(H) is also involved in controlling the fates of sensillum accessory cells and is specifically expressed in two of these cells. Su(H) is the Drosophila homolog of the mouse J κ RBP gene, whose product binds specifically to the recombination signal sequence of immunoglobulin J κ segments. The SU(H) and J κ RBP proteins are 82% identical over most of their length, and share with bacteriophage integrases and yeast recombinases a motif that includes residues directly involved in catalyzing recombination.
Development and validation of a mechanistic model to predict solid particle erosion in multiphase flow

Prediction of erosion in flow systems requires an understanding of the complex interactions between the fluid and the solids. The complexity of the problem increases significantly in multiphase flow due to the existence of different flow patterns. Earlier predictive methods for erosion in multiphase flow were primarily based on empirical data and the applicability of those models was limited to the flow conditions of the experiments. A new mechanistic model for predicting erosion in elbows in multiphase flow is presented. Local fluid velocities in multiphase flow are used to calculate erosion rates in multiphase flow using particle tracking and simplified erosion equations. The predicted erosion rates obtained by the mechanistic model presented here are in good agreement with experimental data available in the literature for different flow regimes and a wide range of flow velocities.
Rayleigh criteria separation of optical correlation signals.

On introduit le critere de Rayleigh comme une mesure de differentiation de signaux de correlation optique
On the hyperelastic softening and elastic instabilities in graphene

Elastic material instabilities are precursors to failure in defect-free graphene single crystals. Elastic instabilities originate from softening in the material response (decay of tangent moduli) i...
The Role of Foreign Debt in Deforestation in Latin America

Much current controversy exists about the role that foreign debt plays in deforestation in Latin America. In an attempt to familiarize concerned biologists with this issue, we present an overview of the proposed positive and negative effects that foreign debt has had on neotropical forest loss. From the literature, we identify three main hypotheses as to how the large external debts of developing Latin American countries may contribute to deforestation. We find that (1) countries have not increased exports of tropical timber and beef in response to rising debt; (2) external debts have contributed to economic stagnation and an associated increase in poverty in Latin America, which in turn has caused the degradation of marginal lands, but the role of debt in this process cannot be isolated from other important contributing factors; and (3) while debt payments have probably led to governmental budget cutbacks in environmental spending, historically spending in these areas has not been high. On the positive side, we found that (1) innovative debt-for-nature swaps have traded devalued debt for a commitment and funds to create and protect nature reserves; and (2) debt could be exchanged for forestry and agricultural sectoral reform, which would have very large positive effects on the conservation and management of forests. En el presente existe mucha controversia sobre el rol que la deuda externa juega en la deforestacion de America Latina. En un intento de familiarizar a biologos interesados en este tema nosotros presentamos una resena sobre los efectos positivos y negativos que la deuda externa ha tenido en la perdida de selvas Neotropicales. A partir de la literatura sobre el tema, nosotros identificamos tres hopotesis principales sobre como las grandes deudas externas de los paises en vias de dasarrollo de America Latina contribuirian a la deforestacion. Encontramos que (1) los paises no han incrementado las exportaciones de madera tropical y carne como respuesta a la creciente deuda, (2) las deudas externas han contribuido al estancamiento economico y al asociado incremento de la pobreza en America Latina, lo que a su vez ha causado la degradacion de las tierras marginales; sin embargo, el rol de la deuda en este proceso no puede ser aislado de otros importantes factores cotribuyentes, y (3) si bien los pagos de la deuda probablemente han producido recortes en el presupuesto de gastos relativos a medio ambiente, historicamente los gastos en estas areas no han sido altos. Desde un punto de vista positivo, (1) el innovativo troque de deuda por naturaleza ha intercambiado deuda devaluada por un compromiso y fondos para crear y proteger reservas naturales y (2) la deuda puede ser intercambiada por una reforma en los sectores de bosques y agricultura, la cual puede tener un gran efecto positivo en la conservacion manejo de los bosques.
Identification of Contaminants in Lake Superior Through Landsat I Data

Abstract Remote sensing signatures are developed for using Landsat data in identification of four types of particulate contaminants in Lake Superior. The criteria are based on the residual Landsat signal intensities and signal ratios. The signatures work well in differentiation of river runoff from high background turbidity due to erosion and resuspension. The threshold concentrations for identification of suspended solids in lakes range on the order of 1 mg/L for clear lakes such as Lake Superior and 5 mg/L for light absorbing water characteristic of the Duluth-Superior Harbor.
Chromic Acid Adsorbed on Kieselguhr: A New Reagent for the Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes

Abstract A new reagent, chromic acid adsorbed on kieselguhr, suitable for the oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes is described.
Calculation of the libron spectrum in solid H2 and D2

Abstract The k = 0 libron energies in solid hydrogen are calculated including the interactions between widely separated molecules. Comparing these results with the observed Raman spectrum gives the interaction coefficients, Г eff = 0.48 cm -1 for H2 and Г eff = 0.67 cm -1 for D2. These values are respectively 20 and 15 per cent lower than those obtained neglecting these interactions.
Synthesis and photoelectrochemistry of In2S3

Abstract In2S3 was prepared by chemical vapor phase transport and gradient freeze techniques. A variety of differently doped samples were also synthesized. Both n, and n plus p photoresponses were observed depending on the dopant, quantity of excess sulfur, or sulfur atmosphere annealing. Photoetching significantly increased the photocurrent density at short circuit. In a polysulfide couple, the maximum power efficiency obtained with white light was 0.3% and the quantum efficiency of carrier collection at short circuit was 43%. Photocurrent onset occured near - 1.1 V which was shifted significantly positive in nonsulfide-sulfur containing couples. Band gap determinations were made. Stability studies as measured by In3+ in solution indicate a high (to 100%) stabilization which appears to be in conflict with visual observations. The behavior of photocurrent with time varies depending upon whether a negative or positive value of applied potential is involved.
Gamma-ray bursts and glitching neutron stars

Abstract Gamma-ray bursts, short flashes of nonthermal radiation, may shed light on the structure and formation rate of neutron stars. At least one and possibly all gamma-ray bursts originate from neutron stars, and the study of the mechanisms for generating bursts may elucidate the internal structure of these stars and, hence, the properties of high-density matter. This report summarizes salient observations of gamma-ray bursts and considers whether there is more than one class of gamma-ray burster and in what ways other astronomical systems have observed properties that resemble gamma-ray bursts. It then examines physical constraints on neutron star models of gamma-ray bursters and explores a particular model in which crustal glitches in neutron stars produce gamma-ray bursts.
Dexamethasone nonsuppression predicts the antidepressant effects of sleep deprivation

Abstract Twenty-two patients with major depression underwent a dexamethasone suppression test followed by 1 night of sleep deprivation. Clinical improvement occurred significantly more frequently in patients with dexamethasone nonsuppression than in those with normal dexamethasone suppression before sleep deprivation.
A national survey of endotracheal suctioning techniques in the pediatric population

Abstract Objective To examine the current suctioning practices nationally of experienced pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses. Design A written survey method was used for this descriptive study. Population All PICUs in the 92 hospitals listed in the 1991 National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions directory. Participants Staff nurses with more than 3 years experience were requested to complete the questionnaire in relation to their endotracheal suctioning practices of PICU patients. Results The questionnaire was returned by 80 (90%), PICUS. A wide range of suctioning techniques were used. Most respondents reported hyperoxygenation, hyperventilation, and/or hyperinflation of the patient's respiratory system before suctioning. Nursing judgment and the patient's clinical condition were used to determine when a suctioning procedure was needed. Most respondents (71%) indicated inserting the suction catheter until resistance was met. Normal saline-solution irrigant was used by all but one respondent. A manual resuscitation bag was used routinely during suctioning. Eighty percent of respondents reported that few patients displayed and adverse response to the suctioning procedure. Recommendations The study should be replicated with direct observations of actual PICU sucting practices. Suctioning techniques should be examined in relation to specific groups of PICU patients. Further research is needed to determine the optimal practice for rates of hyperventilation, percentage of oxygen increase during hyperoxygenation, and pressure increase during hyperinflation.
Formula Feedback and Central Cities: The Case of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act.

This study critically examines the measurement of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act's key allocation variable, unemployment. The analysis indicates that (1) actual unemployment rates during the study period (September-November 1975) in the research site (City of St. Louis), as measured by three independently conducted surveys, are much higher than the official government estimates; and (2) the methods used by the U.S. Bureau of the Census and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics to measure state and local unemployment have several weaknesses, some of which apparently lead to an under estimation of unemployment in older central cities.
Playing with karma: a buddhist board game

ABSTRACTReligious games have inspired some of the most popular board games of the modern era, but they have only recently garnered the attention of scholars of religion. This article examines a seventeenth-century Buddhist board game called Selection of Buddhas that was originally designed in response to the popular Chinese board game Promotion of Officials. The Buddhist game oriented its players towards becoming a Buddha instead of a government official, and it was meant to appeal to a broad range of players, providing beginners a means of learning religious practices in a low-stakes environment and advanced practitioners an alternative form of entertainment to secular games focused on gambling, status, and fame. Because it embedded religious practices within a game, blurring the boundaries between ritual and play, Selection of Buddhas garnered both praise and criticism. The article focuses especially on the complex understanding of karma reflected in the Buddhist game: while the board suggests a mechani...
Entropy Metrics for Agile Development Processes

Agile development processes are preferred by most of the software industry over plan-driven processes in recent years. The transition from plan-driven to agile processes has surfaced a problem: How to adopt metrics that will provide information about the product, such as complexity, design, quality, and size. Many software metrics that are used with plan-driven processes conflict with the agile values and principles. This paper is proposing to use the entropy concept from communication theory to develop complexity metrics that will help project managers to have a better view of the product.
A novel tandem reporter quantifies RNA polymerase II termination in mammalian cells.

Background Making the correct choice between transcription elongation and transcription termination is essential to the function of RNA polymerase II, and fundamental to gene expression. This choice can be influenced by factors modifying the transcription complex, factors modifying chromatin, or signals mediated by the template or transcript. To aid in the study of transcription elongation and termination we have developed a transcription elongation reporter system that consists of tandem luciferase reporters flanking a test sequence of interest. The ratio of expression from the reporters provides a measure of the relative rates of successful elongation through the intervening sequence. Methodology/Principal Findings Size matched fragments containing the polyadenylation signal of the human β-actin gene (ACTB) and the human β-globin gene (HBB) were evaluated for transcription termination using this new ratiometric tandem reporter assay. Constructs bearing just 200 base pairs on either side of the consensus poly(A) addition site terminated 98% and 86% of transcription for ACTB and HBB sequences, respectively. The nearly 10-fold difference in read-through transcription between the two short poly(A) regions was eclipsed when additional downstream poly(A) sequence was included for each gene. Both poly(A) regions proved very effective at termination when 1100 base pairs were included, stopping 99.6% of transcription. To determine if part of the increased termination was simply due to the increased template length, we inserted several kilobases of heterologous coding sequence downstream of each poly(A) region test fragment. Unexpectedly, the additional length reduced the effectiveness of termination of HBB sequences 2-fold and of ACTB sequences 3- to 5-fold. Conclusions/Significance The tandem construct provides a sensitive measure of transcription termination in human cells. Decreased Xrn2 or Senataxin levels produced only a modest release from termination. Our data support overlap in allosteric and torpedo mechanisms of transcription termination and suggest that efficient termination is ensured by redundancy.
Who's hogging the bandwidth: the consequences of revealing the invisible in the home

As more technologies enter the home, householders are burdened with the task of digital housekeeping-managing and sharing digital resources like bandwidth. In response to this, we created and evaluated a domestic tool for bandwidth management called Home Watcher. Our field trial showed that when resource contention amongst different household members is made visible, people's understanding of bandwidth changes and household politics are revealed. In this paper, we describe the consequences of showing real time resource usage in a home, and how this varies depending on the social make up of the household.
Synthesis of (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3β, 26-diol and its radiolabeled analog

A new, convenient and stereoselective route to the synthesis of (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3β,26-diol (1) and its radiolabeled analog 4 is described. The key step is a Julia condensation of sulfone 6 with aldehyde 12 to furnish compound 13. Further reduction of the α-hydroxysulfone moiety afforded 22,23-unsaturated i-steroid 14. The double was reduced by hydrogen and by tritium to provide substrates for the preparation of 1 and 4, respectively.
A Developmental-Interactionist theory of motivation, emotion, and cognition: Implications for understanding psychopathology

Developmental-Interactionist theory defines motivation as potential for behavior built into a system of behavior control; emotion as the readout of that potential when aroused by a challenging stimulus; and cognition as knowledge: of terrestrial events, of other creatures, of internal bodily processes. Knowledge is both direct, immediate knowledge-by-acquaintance and knowledge-by-description that reflects information processing. Biologically based motivational-emotional systems, which are specialpurpose processing systems (SPPSs) structured over the course of phylogeny, interact with general-purpose processing systems (GPPSs) structured by individual experience during ontogeny, producing three sorts of emotional readout: bodily homeostasis and adaptation involving the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems (Emotion I); spontaneous communication involving expressive displays and preattunements to those displays (Emotion II ); and subjective experience involving central neurochemical systems (Emotion III). The child learns about subjective experience - labels, display rules - in an emotional education process involving spontaneous communication: the result is a greater or lesser degree of emotional competence. Studies of spontaneous communication include initial studies with rhesus monkeys by R. E. Miller and colleagues in the 1960s, and studies of adults, children, and patient groups using the slide-viewing technique. One result of these studies is evidence that psychopathology is associated with disruptions of emotional communication, leading to a lack of emotional competence. Psychotherapy is seen as a way of increasing emotional competence via emotional reeducation.
Longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of C-reactive protein, equilibrated normalized protein catabolic rate, and serum bicarbonate on creatinine and albumin levels in dialysis patients

Abstract Background: Loss of muscle mass and hypoalbuminemia each may result in part from either malnutrition, inflammation, or a combination of both. Short-term acidosis increases muscle protein catabolism and inhibits albumin synthesis. Methods: We analyzed albumin and creatinine levels as outcome variables and their association with C-reactive protein (CRP) level, equilibrated normalized protein catabolic rate (enPCR), and serum bicarbonate level as independent variables from laboratory data obtained from patients in the Hemodialysis Study. Analyses controlled for race, sex, age, body mass index, and randomized treatment group. Results: Albumin level correlated with both enPCR and CRP level, but not serum bicarbonate level, in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Effects of CRP level and enPCR were not linear. Albumin level correlated positively with enPCR for an enPCR less than 1.0 g/kg/d, but not for a greater enPCR, and correlated inversely with CRP level for a CRP level greater than 13 mg/L. Similarly, creatinine level correlated with both enPCR and CRP level. As in the case of albumin level, effects were not linear. Creatinine level correlated positively with enPCR for values less than 1.0 g/kg/d, but not for greater enPCR values. In contrast to albumin level, creatinine level correlated negatively with serum bicarbonate level, even when adjusted for enPCR. Conclusion: Albumin and creatinine levels are independently associated with nutrition (enPCR) and inflammation (CRP level). The cross-sectional relationship with enPCR is apparent only at values less than 1.0 g/kg/d. CRP level is associated with reduced albumin and creatinine values when increased to values greater than 5.6 mg/dL. CRP may be increased to levels associated with increased cardiovascular risk with little or no effect on either serum albumin or creatinine level. Thus, a normal albumin level does not exclude elevated CRP levels.
Surgical issues in patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Early randomized trials of the addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) to the treatment regimen of patients with breast cancer failed to demonstrate an improvement in overall survival compared with conventional adjuvant therapy; nevertheless, the increased opportunities for breast conservation, owing to downstaging of the primary tumour, and enthusiasm regarding the potential to tailor systemic therapy based on responses observed in the neoadjuvant setting, resulted in the adoption of this approach as a useful clinical tool. That the effectiveness of NACT varies by molecular subtype is becoming increasingly clear, and although the potential of tailoring adjuvant systemic therapy based on treatment response before surgery remains to be realized, the increasing rates of pathological complete response following NACT have had a considerable impact on locoregional treatment considerations. For example, NACT reduces the need for mastectomy and axillary lymph-node dissection, thus decreasing the morbidity of surgery, without compromising outcomes. However, selection of the ideal candidates for preoperative chemotherapy remains critical, and personalizing local therapy based on the degree of response is the subject of ongoing clinical trials. This article reviews the current issues surrounding surgery of the breast and axilla in patients with breast cancer receiving NACT.
Design of a multifunctional composite material with enhanced structural and power storage capability

The paper presents results associated with the development of a carbon fiber weave based composite material with power storage capability. In the simplest layup, material coupons (commonly 75mm by 75mm) are made in a single layer configuration providing modest gains in terms of multifunctionality, i.e. the power storage capability is not significant compared to the overall loss in mechanical strength of the material, due to the changes in formulation dictated by the added power storage functionality. However, the multifunctional performance can be enhanced by stacking multiple single layer material coupons on top of each other, in various configurations, to achieve enhanced mechanical and/or electrical properties for the material. Four layup methods have been explored, and the results of the electromechanical characterization of these layups are presented and discussed here, in connection with the properties of the single layer coupons.
Synthesis and characterization of a new dicage ortho-carborane with a supramolecular structure directed by intermolecular C-Hcarborane⋯O bonds

Abstract Reaction between [HC≡CCH2SCH(CO2CH3)]2 (1) and the N,N-dimethylaniline adduct of decaborane(14), [{C6H5(CH3)2N}2B10H12], in refluxing toluene, affords meso-2,3-bis-(1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-1-yl-methylenethio)dimethylsuccinate, [C2B10H11CH2SCH(CO2CH3)]2 (2). The species was characterized by spectroscopic methods and a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The crystal structure of 2 reveals intermolecular hydrogen bonding involving the C-H unit of the carborane and the C=O group of the ester function, leading to a supramolecular assembly: one-dimensional ribbons packed in zigzag fashion on the bc plane of the unit cell.
Teacher Education to Attract Academically Gifted Students: A Model.

TEAGS is a proposed program model intended to attract academically gifted college students to preservice teacher education. The TEAGS program is based on the philosophies of the Paideia Proposal and a shared inquiry approach adapted from the Great Books approach to education.
Parents' Acceptance of Adolescent Immunizations Outside of the Traditional Medical Home

Abstract Purpose Numerous barriers to vaccination exist for adolescents. Using the medical home as the sole source of adolescent vaccination has potential limitations. The objectives of the present study were to examine parents' acceptance of adolescent vaccination outside of the medical home and parents' preferred setting for adolescent vaccination. Methods A standardized, pilot-tested telephone survey was administered to a stratified random sample (n = 1,998) of Colorado households between August 2007 and February 2008. Households with English-speaking parents and adolescent(s) aged 11–17 years were eligible. Results Survey response rate was 43%; there were no significant differences between respondents and nonrespondents for three known demographic variables. Although most parents (78%) preferred a doctor's office for adolescent vaccination, a majority were also definitively or probably accepting of vaccination in public health clinics (74%), school health clinics (70%), obstetrics and gynecology clinics (69%; asked for females only), and emergency departments (67%). Parents were less accepting of vaccination in family planning clinics (41%) and retail-based clinics (36%). Perceived convenience and adolescents' comfort in the setting were positively associated with vaccination acceptance in most settings; concern with keeping track of vaccines given outside of the medical home was negatively associated with acceptance. Parents in rural areas were more likely than parents in urban areas to identify a setting outside of the medical home as the preferred “best” setting for vaccination. Conclusions Most parents assessed a doctors' office as the best setting for adolescent vaccination. However, vaccination in certain settings outside of the medical home seems to be acceptable to many parents.
Significance of the Thin-Layer Navier—Stokes Approximation

A versatile technique has evolved for formulating the governing equations for inviscid and viscous compressible flows. The Navier—Stokes equations are first written in Cartesian coordinates in divergence or conservation form. With an arbitrary time-dependent transformation of coordinates, Peyret and Viviand [388] have obtained a general conservation form of the Navier—Stokes equations in the computational coordinates. This approach has also been used to solve the Euler equations. In many cases the Navier—Stokes equations are simplified by retaining only the viscous terms with derivatives in the coordinate direction normal to the body surface. This is the thin-layer Navier—Stokes-equation approximation, with the initial development of these equations given by Steger [389]. The thin-layer approximation along with additional assumptions is also used in the parabolized Navier—Stokes solution procedure.
Non-invasive, minute-to-minute estimates of systemic arterial pressure and pulse pressure variation using radial artery tonometry.

AbstractThe Tensys T-line uses tonometry to reproduce the arterial blood pressure tracing non-invasively. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between estimates of the T-line and an intra-arterial catheter (for both mean arterial pressure [MAP] and pulse pressure variation [PPV]) in the setting of spine surgery. Continuous blood pressure data were collected for 7507 minutes from 25 patients. Five increasingly aggressive T-line filters were applied. The mean bias for mean, diastolic and systolic blood pressure ranged from 3.4–6.4, 3.1–7.1 and 0.1–0.8 mmHg and 6.5–11.8% for PPV. Ninety-five per cent confidence intervals for mean, diastolic and systolic blood pressure ranged from 24–28, 23.1–24.7 and 33.4–35.6 mmHg for 14–21% for PPV. The limits of agreement preclude the use of the T-line for reliable estimation of MAP or PPV in spine surgery.
Learning of content and function words in nonsense syllable frames: A repetition and extension of Glanzer's experiment

Glanzer has reported that in paired-associate learning response triplets containing function words bounded by two nonsense syllables are learned significantly more readily than similar triplets containing content words. This finding was replicated in Exp. I, but in experiments in which exposure intervals were lengthened and in which short words were substituted for long words used by Glanzer the effects of grammatical class on the learning of the triplets were not significant. Pronunciability of the triplets was found to be predictive of their learning.
On relating some particle profile characteristics to the profile fourier coefficients

Abstract This paper describes a preliminary investigation of the problems inherent in the development of an interface between a particle shape pre-processor and a binary computer. In the experiment described, the set of data points of the particle profiles are converted into sets of Fourier coefficients, which in turn are converted to features that appear to be capable of human operator assessment. Real particle profiles are analyzed to yield features which are tested for clustering tendencies in the pattern space. Advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.
Harvesting Health: Effects of Three Types of Horticultural Therapy Activities for Persons with Dementia

Providing meaningful activities for persons with dementia in institutional care settings challenges many activity staff. Horticultural therapy (HT), is one approach to addressing this challenge. HT...
Colonization of Pedunculate oak by the Burgundy truffle fungus is greater with natural than with pelletized lime

European black truffles can be profitable agroforestry crops outside their native ranges. Truffle fungi grow symbiotically as ectomycorrhizae on the roots of host trees, notably hazels and oaks. Conditions in the central USA appear conducive to cultivation of the Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum Vitt. syn. T. uncinatum Chatin), but research is needed to determine effects of management practices on truffle establishment and fruiting. In a greenhouse study we tested the effect of lime type, inoculation technique, and two truffle sources on Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) growth and mycorrhizal colonization. We found that the type of lime used to raise potting mix pH can differentially affect the growth rate of root systems inoculated with different selections of Burgundy truffle inoculum. Seedlings inoculated with one selection of the truffle and grown in potting mixes amended with natural crushed dolomitic limestone developed larger root systems with more truffle mycorrhizae compared with potting mix amended with high-calcium pelletized quick-release lime. Seedlings inoculated with a second truffle selection were not affected by lime source and developed root systems as large as those developed with the first truffle source grown with natural lime. Supplemental root dip inoculation did not improve levels of colonization beyond those accomplished by potting mix infestation with truffle ascospores. Use of a hygroscopic polymer to maintain ascospore suspension in the inoculum slurry used to infest the potting mix had no effect on root system development or mycorrhiza formation.
Restoration mechanisms based on tunable lasers for handling channel and link failures in optical WDM networks

In this paper, we study restoration mechanisms to handle channel and link failures in an optical WDM wavelength-routed wide-area backbone network based on a mesh topology. The solution uses a small number of tunable lasers per link to provide restoration capability. In addition to link failures, we consider individual channel failures link-level mechanisms are presented: redirection algorithm (RDA) and disjoint path algorithm (DPA). These mechanisms use WDM-specific link information to compute the link restoration routes. We present results based on discrete-event simulations to understand the performance of the proposed mechanisms, in terms of restoration efficiency and restoration times. The results show that for networks of varying size and node degree with 32 wavelengths on each link, using as few as 8 tunable lasers per link provides good restoration efficiency under moderate traffic load. which might occur when one or more transceivers fail at the source of the lightpath or due to a failure in the switch fabric. Restoration is first attempted using the tunable lasers to transmit on the failed wavelengths. If all the failed lightpaths cannot be restored using the tunable lasers, unused wavelengths on the same link are used (this requires optical wavelength conversion at the nodes). For the remaining lightpaths requiring restoration, link-level restoration mechanisms are attempted. Two different© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
THE USE OF BLOWER-DOOR DATA *

The role of ventilation in the housing stock is to provide fresh air and to dilute internally-generated pollutants in order to assure adequate indoor air quality. Blower doors are used to measure the air tightness and air leakage of building envelopes. As existing dwellings in the United States are ventilated primarily through leaks in the building shell (i.e., infiltration) rather than by whole-house mechanical ventilation systems, accurate understanding of the uses of blowerdoor data is critical. Blower doors can be used to answer the following questions:. • What is the Construction Quality of the Building Envelope?
Why is Epistemic Evaluation Prescriptive

AbstractEpistemic evaluation is often appropriately prescriptive in character because believers are often capable of exercising some kind of control—call it doxastic control—over the way in which they regulate their beliefs. An intuitively appealing and widely endorsed account of doxastic control—the immediate causal impact account—maintains that a believer exercises doxastic control when her judgments about how she ought to regulate her beliefs in a particular set of circumstances can cause the believer actually to regulate her beliefs in those circumstances as she judges she ought to. I show here that the immediate causal impact account is ultimately untenable. Nevertheless, the immediate causal impact account gets something important about the nature of doxastic control right: exercising doxastic control involves being such that one’s conception of ideal belief regulation somehow shapes the way in which one actually regulates one’s beliefs. Thus, I develop here an alternative account according to which...