cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lessons from multidisciplinary translational trials on anti-angiogenic therapy of cancer

The importance of multidisciplinary translational clinical trials is obvious; however, making them work is complex and challenging. Here I present an argument for designing and implementing multidisciplinary mechanistic trials and present the lessons our team at the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center has learned from two such trials in cancer patients with locally advanced rectal carcinomas and recurrent glioblastomas.
The problem of distributed intellectual property bundles: a transaction cost perspective

Technology is made up of bundles of ideas. Increasingly, these ideas are protected by intellectual property rights. Unfortunately, these intellectual property rights are often distributed across many different owners. Moreover, the technology itself is also used by many different legal entities. Thus, a burgeoning problem faced by creators of technology is how to coordinate the disseperate interests of various intellectual property owners in order to create useful technology. In this paper we apply transaction costs economics to explain the relative merits of different organization forms vis-a-vis the creation of technology that is made up of intellectual property.
The role of interpersonal context in the assessment of social problem-solving skills

Abstract Social problem solving (SPS) has often been conceptualized as a set of interrelated skills that can be applied generically to a variety of situations. This study examined differences in young adolescents' SPS skills as a function of the interpersonal features inherent in the problem situation, namely whether the partner was a friend or an acquaintance. It also assessed the differential association between SPS skills in each of these contexts and teacher ratings of students' social competence. Results indicated higher quality responses to a hypothetical peer conflict situation with a friend relative to an acquaintance. Furthermore, the SPS skills exhibited in the friendship condition were significantly correlated with teacher judgments of student competence, whereas the skills displayed in the acquaintance condition were unrelated to competence ratings. These findings suggest the importance of considering interpersonal features of the situation when conducting SPS skill assessments.
Estimating tree growth from complex forest monitoring data

Understanding tree growth as a function of tree size is important for a multitude of ecological and management applications. Determining what limits growth is of central interest, and forest inventory permanent plots are an abundant source of long-term information but are highly complex. Observation error and multiple sources of shared variation (spatial plot effects, temporal repeated measures, and a mosaic of sampling intervals) make these data challenging to use for growth estimation. We account for these complexities and incorporate potential limiting factors (tree size, competition, and resource supply) into a hierarchical state-space model. We estimate the diameter growth of white fir (Abies concolor) in the Sierra Nevada of California from forest inventory data, showing that estimating such a model is feasible in a Bayesian framework using readily available modeling tools. In this forest, white fir growth depends strongly on tree size, total plot basal area, and unexplained variation between individual trees. Plot-level resource supply variables (representing light, water, and nutrient availability) do not have a strong impact on inventory-size trees. This approach can be applied to other networks of permanent forest plots, leading to greater ecological insights on tree growth.
Determination of molecular multipole moments and potential function parameters of non-polar molecules from far infra-red spectra

The quadrupole, Θ, and hexadecapole, Φ, moments of N2 and O2, and the octupole, Ω, and hexadecapole moments of CF4 and SiH4 are obtained from far infra-red collision-induced absorption in the gas phase at low densities where bimolecular collisions predominate. An accurate theory for evaluating Θ and Φ for non-polar diatomic molecules is presented here ; the theory for evaluating Ω and Φ for tetrahedral molecules has been presented previously. A reliable value of a multipole moment obtained by a direct method which does not depend on the intermolecular potential can be used to obtain an accurate value of the molecular diameter, σ. Thus using the quadrupole moment of N2 obtained by induced birefringence and the far infra-red value of Θ2/σ5, we obtain σ and with this the value of Φ.
Geochemistry of Natural Gas in Appalachian Province: ABSTRACT

This paper contains the results of further studies on the variations in the composition and properties of natural gas by geologic and geographic distribution. New data corroborate the composite regional variations previously published. The regional map has been extended to include the gas and oil fields in Canada which lie in the Appalachian Province north of Lake Erie. Well to well variations in the composition of the gas in several individual reservoirs are given. Definite relationships exist between the composition of natural gas and associated oil both areal and quantitative. Numerous samples of near-surface gases and gases from coal seems have been analyzed. A resume of the geologic occurrence of methane, ethane and higher boiling saturated compounds, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide is given. Also the relationship of these gases to their associated constituents, i.e., sand, shale, limestone, coal, water, brine, calcium sulphate, are discussed. The origin, migration, and natural storage of gas and oil are discussed in the light of these data. End_of_Article - Last_Page 942------------
Coronary artery spasm at the site of angioplasty in the first 2 months after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

The clinical course of five patients manifesting coronary artery spasm at the site of previous successful percutaneous coronary angioplasty is reviewed. All patients showed this spasm on hemodynamically insignificant (
Agricultural sustainability: what it is and what it is not

Philosophy can help clarify hidden assumptions in alternative definitions and approaches to sustainability. Current usage reveals two main substantive approaches, resource sufficiency and functional integrity, as well as widespread non-substantive usage intended to promote social action. Although accounting based resource sufficiency approaches have been the main focus in technical approaches, functional integrity approaches may be more transparent with respect to value judgements that inform the notion of sustainable systems. The ‘paradox of sustainability’ arises because substantive, research based approaches to sustainability may be too complex to effectively motivate appropriate social responses. Nevertheless, debate over the meaning of sustainability can stimulate a fuller appreciation of the complex empirical processes and potentially contestable values that are implicated in any attempt to accomplish sustainability in agriculture.
Multiresolution Channel-Select Filter With Ultrawide Frequency Coverage

A multiresolution channel select filter topology is proposed for implementing a digitally-tunable bandpass response with ultra-wideband tuning range. This filter is composed of a chain of bimodal filter stages with self-complementary periodic frequency response. The frequency response behavior of this filter, the effect of parasitics, and the nonlinearities are studied in detail. A four-stage implementation is presented which is based on p-i-n diode switches and covers dc-2.5 GHz in 16 equal bandwidth channels with a maximum insertion loss of 6.7 dB.
Magnetic data analysis for the ALS lattice magnets

The Advanced Light Source (ALS), now under construction at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, is a third-generation synchrotron radiation source designed to produce extremely bright photon beams in the ultraviolet and soft X-ray regions. The lattice magnets to be installed in the two rings, a 1-1.9-GeV storage ring and 1.5-GeV booster synchrotron, have been magnetically measured to ascertain their excitation curves and field uniformity. The analysis of these data is discussed, and results for measured magnets are given. >
Carbon-fiber-reinforced concrete smart structures capable of nondestructive flaw detection

Electrically conducting concrete, as provided by the addition of short carbon fibers (0.2 - 0.4 vol.%) to concrete, can function as a smart structure material that allows non-destructive electrical probing for the monitoring of flaws. The electrical signal is related to an increase in the concrete's volume resistivity during crack generation or propagation and a decrease in the resistivity during crack closure. The linearity between the volume resistivity change and the compressive stress was good for the mortar containing carbon fibers together with methylcellulose as a dispersant; when the compressive stress was increased in the first cycle up to the fracture stress, the volume resistivity increased by 1040%. In contrast, mortars without carbon fibers showed no variation of the resistivity upon compression up to fracture.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
ChIPOTle: a user-friendly tool for the analysis of ChIP-chip data

ChIPOTle (Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation On Tiled arrays) takes advantage of two unique properties of ChIP-chip data: the single-tailed nature of the data, caused by specific enrichment but not specific depletion of genomic fragments; and the predictable enrichment of DNA fragments adjacent to sites of direct protein-DNA interaction. Implemented as a Microsoft Excel macro written in Visual Basic, ChIPOTle uses a sliding window approach that yields improvements in the identification of bona fide sites of protein-DNA interaction.
High-temperature, acid-hydrolyzed remains of Polytrichum (Musci, Polytrichaceae) resemble enigmatic Silurian-Devonian tubular microfossils.

Gametophytes and sporophyte components of two species of the evolutionarily early-divergent moss Polytrichum were separately subjected to high-temperature acid hydrolysis, and remains were examined by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Remains included fragments of capsule, seta, leaves, stems, and calyptra. Cell walls of all remains were autofluorescent in violet and UV excitation, suggesting occurrence of resistant polyphenolic compounds. Calyptras of both species dissociated into smoothwalled, acutely branched filamentous associations of tubular cells with distinctively thickened cell junctions. In these aspects and measurements of wall dimensions made from SEMs, the hydrolysis-resistant Polytrichum calyptra remains were similar to several tubular microfossils described from Silurian and Lower Devonian deposits, whose provenance is unknown or ascribed to fungi. Our data suggest the possibility that at least some ancient tubular microfossils might have originated from Polytrichum-like early mosses. They add to increasing evidence that bryophytes left microfossil evidence for their presence millions of years earlier than is indicated by their macrofossil record.
Magnetic permeability of stainless steel for use in accelerator beam transport systems

High-vacuum beam transport tubes are being designed for use in an accelerator under development at Los Alamos. In areas such as weld-heat-affected zones, the tubes will require localized magnetic permeability of less than 1.02. Seven austenitic stainless steel candidates, 304L, 310, 316L, 317LN, 20Cb-3, Nitronic 33, and Nitronic 40 have been evaluated to determine their permeability in cold-worked, annealed, and weld-affected zones. Candidates 30 and 20Cb-3 showed permeability after welding of less than 1.01. >
The Partisan Consequences of Majority-Minority Redistricting in the South, 1992 and 1994

This paper demonstrates that the creation of majority-minority districts was no more than an indirect cause of Democratic losses in 1992 and 1994, and the second-order effect of losing familiar voters was more important than the first-order effect of a reduced black constituency. Further, it demonstrates that a pro-GOP surge, independent of redistricting, was the critical factor without which neither new voters nor the reduced black population would have defeated many incumbent Democrats. These results integrate existing theory about voter behavior, the influence of short-term forces, incumbency dynamics, and structural adjustments such as redistricting to formulate a fuller account of the losses.
Remembering the Past and Contesting the Future of School Desegregation in Louisville, Kentucky, 1975–2012

This article examines memories of the long struggle for school desegregation in Louisville and Jefferson County, Kentucky, and considers the relationship between oral history and contemporary polic...
Cortisol circadian rhythms and response to stress in children with autism.

Summary Background : Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in communication, social interaction, repetitive behaviors and difficulty adapting to novel experiences. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical (HPA) system responds consistently to perceived novel or unfamiliar situations and can serve as an important biomarker of the response to a variety of different stimuli. Previous research has suggested that children with autism may exhibit dysfunction of the HPA system, but it is not clear whether altered neuroendrocrine regulation or altered responsiveness underlies the differences between children with and without autism. In order to provide preliminary data concerning HPA regulation and responsiveness, we compared circadian rhythms and response to a non-social, environmental stressor in children with and without autism. Methods : Circadian rhythms of cortisol were estimated in children with ( N =12) and without ( N =10) autism via analysis of salivary samples collected in the morning, afternoon and evening on 2 consecutive days. HPA responsiveness was assessed by examining the time course of changes in salivary cortisol in response to a mock MRI. Results : Both groups showed expected circadian variation with higher cortisol concentration in morning than in the evening samples. The children with autism, but not typical children, showed a more variable circadian rhythm as well as statistically significant elevations in cortisol following exposure to a novel, nonsocial stimulus. Conclusions : The results suggest that children with autism process and respond idiosyncratically to novel and threatening events resulting in an exaggerated cortisol response.
3T MR Imaging of the Brain

The advent of very high field clinical scanners that operate at 3T is taking structural and functional imaging to new levels and is reinvigorating clinical spectroscopy, fMR imaging, and noncontrast-enhanced methods of MRA. Most of the challenges that are related to 3T imaging have been addressed to facilitate routine clinical imaging. An awareness of the complexities that underlie the solutions to these challenges is important to the continued improvements to the 3T platform so that its maximal potential can be reached. The development of the multichannel-head coils and the improvement in the design of body coils, concurrently with the development of multichannel capabilities that enable parallel imaging, have benefited all field platforms. Perhaps the added value of parallel imaging has been greatest at 3T where the additional signal can be exploited. The definition of very high field is a moving target, and may be well on its way to 7.0 T, although in terms of the current clinical state of the art, 3T is our current reference.
GOVERNING SMALLER COMMUNITIES IN AZTEC MEXICO

The Nahua-speaking area of Postclassic central Mexico was composed of many city-states, which consisted of a nucleated and urbanized central area where the major political and economic centers were located, and a predominantly rural area where most of the people lived. This outlying area and its small communities had to be governed, and this paper identifies, from ethnohistorical sources, the most likely tasks of local government and the local officials responsible for carrying them out. Special attention is given to the role of the local nobility, where present, and of their equivalent, when not; to overseers of labor, and to leaders of the all-important labor squads which built and maintained the urban centers. The custodians of wealth and those most likely to have been military or ritual leaders are identified.
Dragonfly larvae and tadpole frog space use games in varied light conditions

Predators and prey often engage in a game where predators attempt to be in areas with higher prey densities and prey attempt to be in areas with lower predator densities. A few models have predicted the resulting distributions of predators and prey, but little empirical data exist to test these predictions and to examine how abiotic and biotic factors shape the distributions. Thus, we observed how Anax dragonfly nymphs and Pacific tree frog tadpoles (Pseudacris regilla) either together or separately distributed themselves in an arena with a high- and a low-prey resource patch. Trials were conducted in high- and low-light conditions to manipulate predation risk and to view the effects of this abiotic factor. Counter to the model predictions, we found that predators were not more abundant in high-resource (HR) patches, and they thus did not force prey toward being uniformly distributed. Using a model selection approach to assess what factors affected predator and prey patch-switching movement, we found that prey more often left patches that had more predators present, but predators surprisingly more often left patches with more prey present. Light levels did not affect predation risk; however, in the dark with the associated reduction in visual information predators preferred HR patches. This caused a lower coincidence of prey and predators in patches. Predators also switched patches less often when they occupied the same patch as the other predator. This suggests that predator distributions, and indirectly prey distributions, are affected by the risk of intraguild predation. Key words: movement rules, predator and prey spatial distributions, spatial games. [Behav Ecol]
Self-consistent modeling of higher pressure Microwave PACVD reactors

Self-consistent simulation of Microwave PACVD reactors at higher pressures is challenging as it involves coupling many different physical phenomena that are highly nonlinear. This paper presents a solution for these problems. Two major components of the simulation include a finite-difference frequency domain (FDFD) electromagnetic model, and a steady-state convective plasma flow model. These two components are run concurrently while converging toward a single, self-consistent solution. To our knowledge, this is the first model to describe in detail the various physical, chemical, and thermal processes occurring during Microwave PACVD diamond film growth at higher pressures (up to 40% atmosphere). Detailed results and comparisons with experimental data will be presented at the conference.
A framework for rapid-prototyping of context based ubiquitous computing applications

Ubiquitous computing application scenarios include clients and sentry nodes in a smart space, where clients request for services from the sentries. Providing services is subject to context, which is information derived from the system and environment. These client-sentry interactions and the evolving context of the system dictate the behavior of the application. We provide a framework for rapid-prototyping of such applications. It includes a language to specify policies, a data structure for representing them, and a model for execution. A simulation environment exploiting already existing tools is provided.
Comprehensive study of some well-known molecular numerical integration methods

In a previous study, we compared, both in terms of accuracy and efficiency, the performance of some of the well-known grids, which use the Becke partitioning scheme for molecular numerical integrat...
Running Promotes Wakefulness and Increases Cataplexy in Orexin Knockout Mice

Study objective People with narcolepsy and mice lacking orexin/hypocretin have disrupted sleep/wake behavior and reduced physical activity. Our objective was to identify physiologic mechanisms through which orexin deficiency reduces locomotor activity. Design We examined spontaneous wheel running activity and its relationship to sleep/wake behavior in wild type (WT) and orexin knockout (KO) mice. Additionally, given that physical activity promotes alertness, we also studied whether orexin deficiency reduces the wake-promoting effects of exercise. Measurements and results Orexin KO mice ran 42% less than WT mice. Their ability to run appeared normal as they initiated running as often as WT mice and ran at normal speeds. However, their running bouts were considerably shorter, and they often had cataplexy or quick transitions into sleep after running. Wheel running increased the total amount of wakefulness in WT and orexin KO mice similarly, however, KO mice continued to have moderately fragmented sleep/wake behavior. Wheel running also doubled the amount of cataplexy by increasing the probability of transitioning into cataplexy. Conclusions Orexin KO mice run significantly less than normal, likely due to sleepiness, imminent cataplexy, or a reduced motivation to run. Orexin is not required for the wake-promoting effects of wheel running given that both WT and KO mice had similar increases in wakefulness with running wheels. In addition, the clear increase in cataplexy with wheel running suggests the possibility that positive emotions or reward can trigger murine cataplexy, similar to that seen in people and dogs with narcolepsy.
Human Behavior and the Social Environment: Exploring Conceptual Foundations

Social and behavioral science theories represent a key source of knowledge for social work practice. One core function of social work scholarship is to select, synthesize, and translate this knowledge for specific use within the profession, including research, practice, and social work education. Because these theories have been generated for purposes that are oftentimes loosely related to goals and needs of the social work profession, a complex set of factors shape the “borrowing” process, including assessments of fit between theories and professional values, their evidentiary base, and their applicability and transportability to practice. There is surprisingly little social work literature explicitly addressing theory selection, synthesis, and translation in terms of constructs related to human behavior and development, environmental influences, and their interrelationship (Zaparanick & Wodarski, 2004). Indirect evidence related to theory selection can be culled from research on the HBS Taylor, Mulroy, & Austin, 2004). While CSWE standards call for selection of theoretical content related to “reciprocal relationships” between human behavior and social environments, there are few theoretical accounts that elaborate the nature and quality of these relationships (see Wakefield, 1996a, 1996b), though this gap is characteristic of the behavioral and social sciences in general (Lewis, 2000). Even if there was a general consensus around theory selection, the processes related to synthesis and translation still need elaboration. This volume summarizes explanatory theories that are (a) related to human behavior and development in the social environment and (b) can be used to inform social work practice. It represents, in many ways, an important attempt at selection, synthesis (summarizing core theoretical content, assessments of the evidentiary bases of theories), and translation (assessmentsofapplicabilitytopractice).Whileanintroductorychaptertoavolumesuchas thismightattempttoclassify,compare,and/orintegratethevarioustheoriespresented,there would need to be shared understanding and definitions of cross-cutting dimensions. We
Dexamethasone rapidly increases hypothalamic neuropeptide Y secretion in adrenalectomized ob/ob mice

A single intracerebroventricular injection of dexamethasone (DEX) rapidly (within 30 min) suppresses brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and increases plasma insulin concentrations in adrenal-ectomized (ADX) ob/ob mice but not in ADX lean mice. Intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y (NPY) administered intracerebroventricularly causes these same metabolic changes within 30 min in both ob/ob and lean ADX mice. We therefore hypothesized that DEX exerts these rapid-onset metabolic actions in ob/ob mice via a phenotype-specific enhancement of NPY secretion within the central nervous system. In support of this hypothesis, DEX (a type II glucocorticoid receptor agonist) administered intracerebroventricularly selectively lowered NPY concentrations in the whole hypothalamus of ADX ob/ob mice by 35% and in the arcuate nucleus region by approximately 70% within 30 min but not in the brain stem or hippocampus or in any of these regions of lean mice. DEX also functioned in vitro to enhance depolarization-dependent release of NPY from hypothalamic blocks of ADX ob/ob mice but not of ADX lean mice. Thus DEX acts in the hypothalamus of ob/ob mice in a phenotype-specific manner to evoke rapid transport of NPY from cell bodies within the arcuate nucleus to terminal regions including the dorsomedial and ventromedial hypothalamic regions for release.
Plaque-induced abnormalities in neurite geometry in transgenic models of Alzheimer disease: implications for neural system disruption.

Neurites that pass through amyloid-s deposits in Alzheimer disease (AD) undergo 3 changes: they develop phosphorylated tau immunoreactivity; the density of SMI-32-positive dendrites diminishes; and they also develop a marked alteration in their geometric features, changing from being nearly straight to being quite curvy. The extent to which the latter 2 phenomena are related to phosphorylated tau is unknown. We have now examined whether amyloid-s deposits in APP695Sw transgenic mice, which have only rare phosphorylated tau containing neurites, develop these changes. We found that dendritic density is diminished within the boundaries of amyloid-s plaques, with the greatest loss (about 80%, p , 0.001) within the boundaries of thioflavine S cores. Remaining dendrites within plaques develop substantial morphological alterations quanti- tatively similar to those seen in AD. A statistically significant but smaller degree of change in geometry was seen in the immediate vicinity around plaques, suggesting a propagation of cytoskeletal disruption from the center of the plaque outward. We examined the possible physiological consequences of this change in dendritic geometry using a standard cable-theory model. We found a predicted delay of several milliseconds in about one quarter of the dendrites passing through a thioflavine S plaque. These results are consistent with previous observations in AD, and suggest that thioflavine S-positive amyloid-s deposits have a marked effect on dendritic microarchitecture in the cortex, even in the relative absence of phosphorylated tau alterations.
Vertically stacked narrow-band filter at 1.5 µm in inGaAIAs/InP

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the quaternary InGaAlAs system, which permits the tailoring of the band gap over a broad range (important for wide-range tuning in network applications) combined with a large electro-optic coefficient and material dispersion. This material is relatively easy to grow lattice matched with InP a t an In content of 0.53, and it therefore represents an interesting alternative to InGaAsP. Moderate-loss waveguide structures and some associated devices, such as modulators1 and lasers,2 have already been demonstrated.
Exploring connections: aspiration levels, culture and the resource based view

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the linkages between two theories of firm performance, aspiration theory and the resource-based view (RBV), possible ways in which these theories may interact, and how the culture from which the firm originated can be a factor in how the firm may react to Schumpeterian shock issues suggested in RBV of the firm. Design/methodology/approach – This paper takes a theoretical approach. Findings – Firms generally look to firms sharing their own cultural backgrounds when selecting similar others. However when the environment is no longer beneficial to firms sharing these goals and objectives, the focal firm may consider firms from other cultural backgrounds when forming aspiration levels. Research limitations/implications – Empirical studies would be necessary to verify these finding: do firms show a preference to firms from their own cultural backgrounds when choosing firms to serve as reference groups for goals and objectives? Would Schumpeterian Shocks cause ...
Impedance changes in the cerebrum following concussion.

Since cellular injury is associated with impairment of cellular surface membranes (Osterhout1), it seems reasonable to surmise that cerebral concussion produces similar changes in the cerebrum. The electrocortico-gram does not permit definite conclusions (Walker, Kollros, and Case2) regarding the cellular surface films, since other factors may affect it. We approached this problem by measuring the A.C. impedance of the cerebral hemispheres in 14 cats in vivo and in 50 guinea pigs immediately post mortem, at a low frequency (1 = 570 cycles per second) and a high frequency (h = 5100 cycles), and computingδ is a measure of the polarizability. In agreement with Gildemeister's3 theory, we have given experimental evidence on artificial membranes and frog skin (Spiegel and Spiegel-Adolf4) that decrease of polarizability is associated with increase of electrolyte permeability. Acceleration concussion (Denny-Brown and Russell5) was produced by means of a pendulum, under nembutal anesthesia.Results. In control expe...
Variations on a theme from Heberden: symptoms in angina pectoris.

Typical angina pectoris is a distress, other than dyspnea, located in the upper half of the body precipitated by walking and relieved promptly by rest. Arteriographie evidence of severe coronary disease is almost always found in patients with typical symptoms. Although the diagnosis of angina pectoris may be simple, variations in the character and location of the distress, precipitating factors, accompanying symptoms, and means of obtaining relief may cause confusion. Awareness of these variations increases diagnostic precision. Certain symptoms are warnings that the discomfort may not be of cardiac origin. Some noncardiac diseases are more frequent in patients who have angina pectoris, especially angina due to coronary spasm.
Academic Characteristics of Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants from 2007 to 2014.

Background: Based on a relatively stable match rate, several authors have concluded that the competition for orthopaedic residency positions has not changed over the past 3 decades. However, the objective measures of applicant competitiveness have not been quantified in detail. Methods: National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) data from 2007 to 2014 for U.S. orthopaedic surgery applicants were compared with data for applicants to all specialties. Trends in the United Stated Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step-1 and Step-2 scores, publications and research experiences, Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) status, and the presence of an advanced degree are reported. Results: From 2007 to 2014, the match rate for orthopaedic surgery applicants remained stable near 80% (p = 0.14). For orthopaedic applicants who matched, the mean USMLE Step-1 scores increased from 234 points in 2007 to 245 points in 2014 (p = 0.005), and the mean scores increased from 220 points in 2007 to 229 points in 2014 for all applicants (p = 0.019). The mean USMLE Step-2 scores of orthopaedic applicants who matched increased from 235 points in 2007 to 251 points in 2014 (p = 0.005), and the mean scores of all applicants increased from 225 points in 2007 to 242 points in 2014 (p = 0.002). The mean number of research publications, presentations, and abstracts reported by orthopaedic applicants who matched more than doubled from 3.0 in 2007 to 6.7 in 2014 (p = 0.02) and increased less dramatically for all applicants from 2.2 in 2007 to 4.2 in 2014 (p = 0.004). The percentage of orthopaedic applicants elected to AOA or with advanced degrees did not significantly change (p > 0.2). Although orthopaedic applicants with AOA status experienced a very high match rate (97.1% in 2014), those with advanced degrees experienced match rates similar to or slightly lower than the applicant pool (73.7% in 2014). Conclusions: The USMLE Step-1 and 2 scores of U.S. orthopaedic surgery residency applicants have increased significantly from 2007 to 2014. Additionally, the number of publications and presentations reported by orthopaedic applicants has more than doubled. These factors signal an increasing level of academic accomplishment in orthopaedic surgery applicants despite a consistent match rate.
Reaction Coordinate-Free Approach to Recovering Kinetics from Potential-Scaled Simulations: Application of Kramers’ Rate Theory

Enhanced sampling techniques are used to increase the frequency of “rare events” during computer simulations of complex molecules. Although methods exist that allow accurate thermodynamics to be recovered from enhanced simulations, recovering kinetics proves to be more challenging. Here we present an extrapolation approach that allows reliable kinetics to be recovered from potential-scaled MD simulations. The approach, based on Kramers’ rate theory, is simple and computationally efficient, and allows kinetics to be recovered without defining reaction coordinates. To test our approach, we use it to determine the kinetics of barrier crossing between two metastable states on the 2D-Muller potential and the C7eq to αR transition in alanine dipeptide. The mean first passage time estimates obtained are in excellent agreement with reference values obtained from direct simulations on the unscaled potentials performed over times that are orders of magnitude longer.
The significance of the analyst's individual personality in the therapeutic relationship.

The purpose of this article is to highlight the individual personality of the analyst as an integral part of the analytic process above and beyond the vicissitudes of the transference-countertransference continuum
Narcissism Predicts Support for Hierarchy (At Least When Narcissists Think They Can Rise to the Top)

Five studies tested the relationship between narcissism and support for hierarchy. Narcissism was associated with endorsing group-based hierarchy, income inequality, and hierarchy in business (Studies 1a–1b) and with liking organizations with a hierarchical structure (Studies 2a–2b). Analyses suggested that more narcissistic participants’ preference for a hierarchy may have been due at least partly to their current high standing in that hierarchy (Studies 1a–1b) or their expectation that they will rise in rank (Studies 2a–2b). When participants learned about an organization where it was possible or impossible to rise in rank, there was a positive relationship between narcissism and support for hierarchy if it was possible to rise in rank, whereas the same relationship was negative if it was not possible to rise in rank (Study 3). These studies provide evidence consistent with the idea that narcissistic individuals prefer hierarchies because they are or think they will be on the top.
Resolving Ultrafast Dynamics of Electron Thermalization in Gold using Surface SHG

Using time-resolved surface second hannonic generation (SHG), an electron temperature dependent enhancement in the SHG signal is observed, for the first time in the high temperature regime, resolving the thennalization of non equilibrium hot electrons.
Shear induced alignment of short nanofibers in 3D printed polymer composites.

3D printing of composite materials offers an opportunity to combine the desired properties of composite materials with the flexibility of additive manufacturing in geometric shape and complexity. In this paper, the shear-induced alignment of aluminum oxide nanowires during stereolithography printing was utilized to fabricate a nanowire reinforced polymer composite. To align the fibers, a lateral oscillation mechanism was implemented and combined with wall pattern printing technique to generate shear flow in both vertical and horizontal directions. A series of specimens were fabricated for testing the composite material's tensile strength. The results showed that mechanical properties of the composite were improved by reinforcement of nanofibers through shear induced alignment. The improvement of tensile strength was approximately ~28% by aligning the nanowires at 5 wt% (~1.5% volume fraction) loading of aluminum oxide nanowires.
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): Participant Activity, Demographics, and Satisfaction

This paper examines activity patterns, participant demographics, and levels of satisfaction in multiple MOOC offerings at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from August 2012—December 2013. Using the following guiding questions: “Who are MOOC participants, how do they participate, and were they able to get what they wanted out of the course?” we have uncovered unique patterns of engagement that correlate with certain demographic characteristics. Our analysis employed both qualitative and quantitative methods, and serves as a model for further studies seeking to uncover the significance of participant activity within MOOCs.
A Determined “Hesitation” on H3K27me3 Empowers Stem Cells to Differentiate

To uncover the precise mechanisms coordinating proliferation and fate choice of stem cells, in this issue of Molecular Cell and in an accompanying paper in Cell Reports, Mazo and colleagues (Petruk et al. 2017a, 2017b) reveal that delayed accumulation of H3K27me3 on nascent DNA is essential to recruit pioneer transcription factors in stem cell differentiation.
Radio frequency heating of corn flour: Heating rate and uniformity

Abstract Non-uniform heating is a major challenge for using radio frequency (RF) heat treatment in pasteurization of low moisture food products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different electrode gaps, moisture content (MC), bulk density and surrounding materials on RF heating uniformity and rate in corn flour. Additionally, the dielectric and thermal properties of corn flour were determined as affected by MC, temperature (°C), and frequency (MHz). Changes in MC, water activity (a w ) and color in the sample after RF heating were measured to evaluate treatment effect on food quality. A precision LCR meter and a liquid test fixture were used to study DP of the sample at RF frequency ranging from 1 to 30 MHz. The RF heating uniformity and temperature profiles of corn flour as exposed to RF heating were obtained with an infrared camera and a data logger connected to a fiber optic sensor. The DP values increased with increasing MC and temperature, but decreased with frequency. The heating rate increased from 3.5 to 6.8 °C min − 1 with increasing MC (from 10.4 to 16.7%), but decreased from 12.7 to 5.2 °C min − 1 with increasing electron gap (from 11 to 15 cm). The corner and edge heating were observed at all layers of the samples for all the distances, and the hottest and the most uniform layer were determined as the middle layer at an electrode gap of 15 cm. Glass petri dish provided better uniformity than those of polyester plastic petri dish. Covering by foam led to more uniform RF heating uniformity in corn flour, and better moisture and a w distribution. This study provided useful information to develop an effective RF process as an alternative of conventional thermal treatments for pasteurization of low-moisture products. Industrial relevance This paper describes a novel methodology based on Radio Frequency heating to pasteurize food powder while maintaining the quality. The study addresses the ever-increasing global demand from consumers for safe food products.
Folate Stability in Folic Acid Enriched Corn Masa Flour, Tortillas, and Tortilla Chips over the Expected Shelf Life

Neural tube defects occur at higher rates in Hispanic populations in the United States. Such populations would benefit from folic acid fortification of corn masa flour (CMF). This study evaluated folate stability in fortified CMFs and tortillas and tortilla chips made therefrom. There was no significant loss of folate during the six-month shelf life of fortified tortilla CMF and tortilla chip CMF. There was a 13% loss (P < 0.05) of folate during tortilla baking and no loss during tortilla chip frying. Both tortillas and tortilla chips showed significant folate losses over the two-month shelf life for these products, with a 17% loss in fortified tortillas and a 9% loss in tortilla chips. Folate in fortified CMFs, tortillas, and tortilla chips is relatively stable and comparable to the stability of folate in wheat flour and breads.
Surveying the Effects of Limitations on Taxes and Expenditures: What Do/Don’t We Know?

The literature on tax and expenditure limitations (TELs) is extensive and continues to grow as the impact of these institutional constraints on fiscal and economic outcomes continues to develop. In this survey, we review the literature of both state- and local-level TELs in an attempt to provide an overview of their theoretical, operational, and empirical contexts. The study concludes with a discussion of future TEL research needs.
A Chemical Proteomics Approach to Reveal Direct Protein-Protein Interactions in Living Cells

Summary Protein-protein interactions mediate essential cellular processes, however the detection of native interactions is challenging since they are often low affinity and context dependent. Here, we develop a chemical proteomics approach in vivo CLASPI [iCLASPI] ( in vivo crosslinking-assisted and stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture [SILAC]-based protein identification) relying upon photo-crosslinking, amber suppression, and SILAC-based quantitative proteomics to profile context-dependent protein-protein interactions in living cells. First, we use iCLASPI to profile in vivo binding partners of the N-terminal tails of soluble histone H3 or H4. We identify known histone chaperones and modifying proteins, thereby validating our approach, and find an interaction between soluble histone H3 and UBR7, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediated by UBR7's PHD domain. Furthermore, we apply iCLASPI to profile the context-dependent protein-protein interactions of chromatin-associated histone H3 at different cell-cycle stages, and identify ANP32A as a mitosis-specific interactor. Our results demonstrate that the iCLASPI approach can provide a general strategy for identifying native, context-dependent direct protein-protein interactions using photo-crosslinking and quantitative proteomics.
The Heavy Lifting of Diversity: A Need for Scholar Administrators

Technological innovation and new economic terrain of the twenty-first century has called for higher education to re-examine how interdisciplinary ethnic studies and minority serving programs are positioned in the twenty-first century. This essay considers the utility of spaces like Black Studies departments and programs like the Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship within the structure of Liberal Arts education today from the vantage a recent graduate. In the wake increasing hostility towards minority students and unfavorable media coverage of incidents on campus, colleges and universities must consider how rolling back minority focused academic and programmatic offerings alongside dramatic increases in contingent faculty and administrative staff hiring has left cultural voids. As Liberal Arts educators grapple with narrowing budget constraints and changing campus climates, the call for higher education employees who understand why disciplinary and programmatic offerings are tied to campus climate and how to use such resources grows louder. Scholar Administrators, in their ability to straddle the historically divisive line between faculty and staff, can help usher in a type of diversity that allows each student, faculty, and staff person to bear witness to the humanity in others, which ultimately is the heavy lifting of diversity.
The Once and Future Liberal: After Identity Politics: by Mark Lilla, New York: Harper, 160 pp., ISBN: 978-0062697431, Publication Date: 2017

The subject of identity politics and its relation to contemporary liberalism is one that merits thorough analysis and poses pressing political strategy choices. Intellectual historian Mark Lilla (C...
Knockout of the Gsta4 Gene in Male Mice Leads to an Altered Pattern of Hepatic Protein Carbonylation and Enhanced Inflammation Following Chronic Consumption of an Ethanol Diet.

Background Glutathione S-transferase A4-4 (GSTA4) is a key enzyme for removal of toxic lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). In this study, we examined the potential role of GSTA4 on protein carbonylation and progression of alcoholic liver disease by examining the development of liver injury in male wild-type (WT) SV/J mice and SV/J mice lacking functional GSTA4 (GSTA4-/- mice). Methods Adult male WT and GSTA4-/- mice were fed chow (N = 10 to 12) or high-fat Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets containing up to 28% calories as ethanol (EtOH) (N = 18 to 20) for 116 days. At the end of the study, half of the EtOH-fed mice were acutely challenged with an EtOH binge (3 g/kg given intragastrically) 12 hours before sacrifice. Carbonylation of liver proteins was assessed by immunohistochemical staining for 4-HNE adduction and by comprehensive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of purified carbonylated proteins. Results Chronic EtOH intake significantly increased hepatic 4-HNE adduction and protein carbonylation, including carbonylation of ribosomal proteins. EtOH intake also resulted in steatosis and increased serum alanine aminotransferase. Hepatic infiltration with B cells, T cells, and neutrophils and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and interferon (IFN)γ was modest in WT mice. However, an EtOH binge increased hepatic necrosis, hepatic cell proliferation, and expression of TNFα mRNA (p Conclusions These data suggest long-term adaptation to EtOH in WT mice does not occur in GSTA4-/- mice. Products of lipid peroxidation appear to play a role in inflammatory responses due to EtOH. And EtOH effects on B-cell infiltration and autoimmune responses may be secondary to formation of carbonyl adducts.
A KNOWLEDGE ADOPTION MODEL BASED FRAMEWORK FOR FINDING HELPFUL USER - GENERATED CONTENTS IN ONLINE COMMUNITIES

Many online communities allow their members to provide information helpfulness judgments that can be used to guide other users to useful contents quickly. However, it is a serious challenge to solicit enough user participation in providing feedbacks in online communities. Existing studies on assessing the helpfulness of user-generated contents are mainly based on heuristics and lack of a unifying theoretical framework. In this article we propose a text classification framework for finding helpful usergenerated contents in online knowledge-sharing communities. The objective of our framework is to help a knowledge seeker find helpful information that can be potentially adopted. The framework is built on the Knowledge Adoption Model that considers both content-based argument quality and information source credibility. We identify 6 argument quality dimensions and 3 source credibility dimensions based on information quality and psychological theories. Using data extracted from a popular online community, our empirical evaluations show that all the dimensions improve the performance over a traditional text classification technique that considers word-based lexical features only.