cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Primary Cutaneous CD30-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in Childhood: Report of 4 Cases and Review of the Literature

We present the clinicopathologic findings in 4 children with primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL). The patients ranged in age from 13 months to 8 years, with 3 females and 1 male. All presented with a rapidly enlarging mass involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Histologic evaluation showed sheets of large pleomorphic lymphoid cells that were diffusely and strongly CD30+. Tumor cells were CD45+ in 1 of 4 cases. Cells were of T-cell phenotype, with variable positivity for CD3 (3 of 4 cases) and CD5 (2 of 4 cases). All 4 cases were positive for CD4 and clusterin. Staining for anaplastic lymphoma kinase was negative in all cases. No evidence of systemic involvement was noted at initial presentation or over a follow-up of 5 to 78 months, although 3 patients had cutaneous recurrences. Primary C-ALCL has only rarely been described in the pediatric population. The high-grade histologic appearance of this lymphoma belies its generally favorable clinical course and prognosis. Recognition of this entity and its differentiation from other T-cell lymphomas that secondarily involve the skin is important to avoid unnecessarily aggressive therapy in these children.
Self-Consistent Field Theory of Polyelectrolyte Systems†

A self-consistent field theory is applied to inhomogeneous polyelectrolyte systems. We consider the smeared and the annealed charge distributions, corresponding to strongly and weakly dissociating polymers, respectively. The electrostatic interactions are described by the nonlinear Poisson−Boltzmann equation, where the dielectric constant of the system is treated as position-dependent to take into account the large difference between those of hydrophobic polymers and water-like solvents. We present results for several systems, including the interface of a phase-separated polyelectrolyte solution in a poor solvent, the lamellar structures of symmetric diblock polyelectrolytes, and the phase behavior of polyelectrolyte blends.
Review: Antiplatelet therapy does not reduce mortality in chronic kidney disease

Source Citation Palmer SC, Di Micco L, Razavian M, et al. Effects of antiplatelet therapy on mortality and cardiovascular and bleeding outcomes in persons with chronic kidney disease: a systematic ...
Evaluation of an asynchronous physician voicemail sign-out for emergency department admissions.

Study objective Communication failures contribute to errors in the transfer of patients from the emergency department (ED) to inpatient medicine units. Oral (synchronous) communication has numerous benefits but is costly and time consuming. Taped (asynchronous) communication may be more reliable and efficient but lacks interaction. We evaluate a new asynchronous physician-physician sign-out compared with the traditional synchronous sign-out. Methods A voicemail-based, semistructured sign-out for routine ED admissions to internal medicine was implemented in October 2007 at an urban, academic medical center. Outcomes were obtained by pre- and postintervention surveys of ED and internal medicine house staff, physician assistants, and hospitalist attending physicians and by examination of access logs and administrative data. Outcome measures included utilization; physician perceptions of ease, accuracy, content, interaction, and errors; and rate of transfers to the ICU from the floor within 24 hours of ED admission. Results were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively with standard qualitative analytic techniques. Results During September to October 2008 (1 year postintervention), voicemails were recorded about 90.3% of medicine admissions; 69.7% of these were accessed at least once by admitting physicians. The median length of each sign-out was 2.6 minutes (interquartile range 1.9 to 3.5). We received 117 of 197 responses (59%) to the preintervention survey and 113 of 206 responses (55%) to the postintervention survey. A total of 73 of 101 (72%) respondents reported dictated sign-out was easier than oral sign-out and 43 of 101 (43%) reported it was more accurate. However, 70 of 101 (69%) reported that interaction among participants was worse. There was no change in the rate of ICU transfer within 24 hours of admission from the ED in April to June 2007 (65/6,147; 1.1%) versus April to June 2008 (70/6,263; 1.1%); difference of 0%, 95% confidence interval –0.4% to 0.3%. The proportion of internists reporting at least 1 perceived adverse event relating to transfer from the ED decreased a nonsignificant 10% after the intervention (95% confidence interval –27% to 6%), from 44% preintervention (32/72) to 34% postintervention (23/67). Conclusion Voicemail sign-out for ED–internal medicine communication was easier than oral sign-out without any change in early ICU transfers or the perception of major adverse events. However, interaction among participants was reduced. Voicemail sign-out may be an efficient means of improving sign-out communication for stable ED admissions.
Nonlinear data fitting for controlled release devices: An integrated computer program

Abstract A computer program, MSFIT, was developed for nonlinear fitting of release data from controlled release devices. The program is written in the C language, based on the high level user-interface Macintosh operating system. Five popular release models are implemented in the program. Initial estimates of the parameters are obtained by linear transformation followed by linear fitting of the fraction released-time data. Nonlinear model fitting is based on the maximum likelihood estimation method and is performed by the Levenberg-Marquardt method based on the χ2 criterion. Several methods are available to aid the evaluation of the fitting results. The MSFIT program was used for the nonlinear fitting of several release data sets and results were satisfactory.
Public outreach events at 2011 AGU Fall Meeting

On Sunday, 4 December, three free family events planned by AGU Education and Public Outreach will lead off this year's Fall Meeting. The events begin at noon with the public lecture, which, AGU is thrilled to announce, will be delivered by NASA astronaut Drew Feustel, who holds a Ph.D. in geophysics. In 2009, Feustel served on the crew of STS- 125, the final space shuttle mission to the Hubble Space Telescope, and, earlier this year, STS-134, which traveled to the International Space Station (ISS). He served as the lead space walker during STS-134; the mission delivered to ISS the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), a state-of-the-art cosmic ray particle physics detector designed to examine fundamental issues about matter and the origin and structure of the universe. He will speak about the Hubble STS-125 mission and the STS-134 mission, as well as about how his experiences as a geophysicist influenced his experiences as an astronaut.
High-definition Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging of prostate tissue

Breast cancer diagnosis relies on staining serial sections of a biopsy in a process that can be time intensive and costly. Fourier transform infrared imaging (FT-IR) is a non-destructive, label-free chemical imaging technique that uses the vibrational structure of the biological molecules of the sample to provide contrast for images at any absorption peak in the mid-infrared. The full potential of spectroscopic imaging has been limited by the spatial resolution provided by most commercial instruments. By increasing the magnification and numerical aperture of the microscope, image pixel sizes on the order of 1.1 micron can be achieved, allowing HD FT-IR spectroscopic imaging to provide high quality images that could aid in histopathology, diagnosis, and studies of breast cancer progression.
A filter microplate assay for quantitative analysis of DNA binding proteins using fluorescent DNA.

Abstract We present a rapid method for quantifying the apparent DNA binding affinity and capacity of recombinant transcription factors (TFs). We capture His6-tagged TFs using nickel–nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni–NTA) agarose and incubate the immobilized TFs with fluorescently labeled cognate DNA probes. After washing, the strength of the fluorescence signal indicates the extent of DNA binding. The assay was validated using two pluripotency-regulating TFs: SOX2 and NANOG. Using competitive binding analysis with nonlabeled competitor DNA, we show that SOX2 and NANOG specifically bind to their consensus sequences. We also determined the apparent affinity of SOX2 and NANOG for their consensus sequences to be 54.2 ± 9 and 44.0 ± 6 nM, respectively, in approximate agreement with literature values. Our assay does not require radioactivity, but radioactively labeling the TFs enables the measurement of absolute amounts of immobilized SOX2 and NANOG and, hence, a DNA-to-protein binding ratio. SOX2 possesses a 0.95 DNA-to-protein binding ratio, whereas NANOG possesses a 0.44 ratio, suggesting that most of the SOX2 and approximately half of the NANOG are competent for DNA binding. Alternatively, the NANOG dimer may be capable of binding only one DNA target. This flexible DNA binding assay enables the analysis of crude or purified samples with or without radioactivity.
Cerebellar responses to penicillin-induced cerebral cortical epileptiform discharge.

Abstract In locally anesthetized, paralyzed cats with penicillin-induced foci in sensorimotor cortex, simultaneous microelectrode recordings were made in the cerebellum and in the anterior sigmoid gyrus near the site of penicillin injection. Cerebellar recordings were made from Purkiinje cells (P-cells) and from cells located in the dentate nucleus. Data reveal distinct patterns of cerebellar responsiveness to the developing epileptogenic focus. Within 15 min after penicillin injection, high frequency (100–140 c/sec) P-cell discharges were evoked throughout the cerebellar cortex by focal “spike” activity of the cerebral cortex. These P-cells discharges outlasted short (2–10 sec) epileptiform burst; however, if P-cell discharges ceased during periods of sustained focal discharge, prolonged (up to 60 sec) convulsive episodes developed and became synchronous and maximal in both cerebral hemispheres. P-cell discharge did not reappear until after termination of the seizure. In the dentate nucleus, epileptiform activity evoked complex patterns of cellular activity. In contrast to the P-cells, cells in the dentate nucleus discharged at high frequencies during prolonged epileptiform episodes. The proposed role of the cerebellum in the control of cortical excitability is discussed.
Standardizing MELD Exceptions: Current Challenges and Future Directions.

Since Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)-based allocation was implemented in 2002, a system of exception points has been in place in order to award increased waitlist priority to those patients whose severity of illness or risk of complications are not captured by the MELD score. These exceptions, categorized as standardized and non-standardized, have been used with increasing frequency over time. Several challenges to the exception point system have emerged, including lack of standardization in the criteria used to approve such exceptions, geographic variability in the use and approval of such exceptions, and a limited evidence base to support certain exceptions. Herein, we summarize the current implementation of exception points, the challenges facing the transplant community, and suggestions for improving and standardizing the current exception point system.
Photoinduced charge transfer involving a MoMo quadruply bonded complex to a perylene diimide.

Evidence, based on femtosecond transient absorption and time resolved infrared spectroscopy, is presented for photoinduced charge transfer from the Mo2δ orbital of the quadruply bonded molecule trans-Mo2(TiPB)2(BTh)2, where TiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropyl benzoate and BTh = 2,2′-bithienylcarboxylate, to di-n-octyl perylene diimide and di-n-hexylheptyl perylene diimide in thin films and solutions of the mixtures. The films show a long-lived charge separated state while slow back electron transfer, τBET ∼ 500 ps, occurs in solution.
Testing Alternative Models of Reciprocity Against Interaction During the Cold War

Three models of reciprocity–simple, trend, and comparative–are applied to events data which describe interaction between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The comparative reciprocity model–which predicts that change in each actor's behavior will be based on prior differences in the rivals' actions–received the greatest, although limited, support. There was little agreement in the results of the three reciprocity models for specific years. Overall, while there is some evidence of reciprocity when using either the simple reciprocity or the comparative reciprocity model, reciprocity does not appear to have been a robust process in U.S.-Soviet interaction. It tended to occur most often at times of high tension and conflict.
Predicting ventilation failure in children with inhalation injury

Despite advances in mechanical ventilatory support for patients with smoke inhalation injury, including the use of high-frequency flow-interruption ventilators such as the VDR, inhalation injury alone may increase mortality by as much as 20% in patients with thermal injury, and up to 60% when pneumonia occurs. Inhalation injury causes a primary large and small airway epithelial insult that results in ventilation abnormalities, rather than a primary alveolar lesion that results in oxygenation abnormalities as occur in multiple-system organ failure. Patients with inhalation injury requiring high ventilatory pressures experience complications of barotrauma and frequently succumb to necrotizing tracheobronchitis and oxygenation abnormalities after 2 to 4 weeks of mechanical ventilation. Ventilatory indexes obtained early in the postburn period allow the development of accurate predictive formulae that identify patients who will not be adequately supported by mechanical ventilation after smoke inhalation injury. Early identification of such patients will allow rapid conversion to other methods of ventilatory support that effect gas exchange, with minimal risk of further barotrauma, while inhalation injury healing occurs. Such predictors may be developed for other disease processes that are characterized by severe pulmonary ventilatory dysfunction.
DNA fork displacement rates in Bloom's syndrome fibroblasts

Abstract DNA fork displacement rates were measured in three lines of Bloom's syndrome cells and in a normal diploid fibroblast line. Fork displacement rates in Bloom's cells were approx. 55–65% of the rate in normal fibroblasts.
Polar actions on Hilbert space

An isometricH-action on a Riemannian manifoldX is calledpolar if there exists a closed submanifoldS ofX that meets everyH-orbit and always meets orbits orthogonally (S is called a section). LetG be a compact Lie group equipped with a biinvariant metric,H a closed subgroup ofG ×G, and letH act onG isometrically by (h1,h2) ·x = h1xh2−1 · LetP(G, H) denote the group ofH1-pathsg: [0, 1] →G such that (g(0),g (1)) ∈H, and letP(G, H) act on the Hilbert spaceV = H0([0, 1], g) isometrically byg * u = gug−1 −g′g−1. We prove that if the action ofH onG is polar with a flat section then the action ofP(G, H) onV is polar. Principal orbits of polar actions onV are isoparametric submanifolds ofV and are infinite-dimensional generalized real or complex flag manifolds. We also note that the adjoint actions of affine Kac-Moody groups and the isotropy action corresponding to an involution of an affine Kac-Moody group are special examples ofP(G, H)-actions for suitable choice ofH andG.
Portraying the New: Communication between University Innovators and Potential Users.

How do academics communicate their research to external constituents? As U.S. research universities seek to emphasize knowledge application through outreach, answers to this question increase in im...
Cation dopant distributions in nanostructures of transition-metal doped ZnO: Monte Carlo simulations

Monte Carlo simulations of cation doping within the ZnO lattice were utilized to evaluate dopant distributions in nanoparticles and thin films. In structures with a high surface-to-volume ratio, dopant distributions deviate significantly from predictions based on probabilistic expressions for infinitely large bulk lattices. We present empirical expressions that accurately predict dopant bonding configurations as a function of film or particle size, shape, and dopant concentration for any substitutional dopant (cation or anion) within a tetrahedrally coordinated compound, including zinc-blende, wurtzite, and diamond structures.
Pestiferous scale insects on native epiphytic orchids in south Florida: a new threat posed by exotic species

Abstract Scale insects belong to the superfamily Coccoidea, which includes serious plant pests such as soft scales, armored scales, and mealybugs. In 2009, in a natural habitat surrounded by urban development in Naples, FL, pestiferous scale insects (Coccidae) and mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) were discovered on inflorescences of Dendrophylax lindenii (Ghost Orchid). The next year, a follow-up survey was initiated to also include plants in two orchid-rich habitats within the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge. There, exotic scales were found on six different epiphytic orchid taxa. Of the scales encountered, Coccus hesperidum (Brown Soft Scale) and Diaspis boisduvalii (Boisduval Scale) are both well-known and serious pests of cultivated plants. Of particular concern is the possibility that these invasive insects have thoroughly infiltrated isolated, natural habitats of rare native orchids.
Real-time flat-panel detector-based cone beam volume CT breast imaging: phantom and specimen study

Conventional film-screen mammography is the most effective tool for the early detection of breast cancer currently available. However, conventional mammography has relatively low sensitivity to detect small breast cancers (under several millimeters) owing to an overlap in the appearances of benign and malignant lesions, and surrounding structure. The limitations accompanying conventional mammography is to be addressed by incorporating a cone beam volume CT imaging technique with a recently developed flat panel detector. Computer simulation and preliminary studies have been performed to prove the feasibility of developing a flat panel detector-based cone beam volume CT breast imaging (FPD-CBVCTBI) technique. In this study, a specimen experiment is performed to confirm the findings in the computer simulation and previous phantom studies using the current prototype cone beam volume CT scanner. The results indicate that the CBVCTBI technique effectively removes structure overlap and significantly improves the detectability of small breast tumors. More importantly, the results also demonstrate CBVCTBI offers good correlation with pathology images with the radiation dose level less than or equal to that of conventional mammography. The results from this study suggest that FPD-CBVCTBI is a potentially powerful breast-imaging tool.
Quality-of-Life issues in home care

Quality-of-life issues in home care are complex. Nurses not only must help the family consider these factors for the patient at home, but also they must examine the effects of home care on the primary caregiver and the entire family. Nurses use a holistic view in assessment to diagnose the needs of the client and the caregiver. Physiologic, psychologic, cultural, spiritual, and sociologic aspects are all considered. Nurses have an important role in assisting clients and their families to maximize the benefits of home care. They can help them with the provision of care in the current situation and to plan for the future for appropriate levels of care as the client's condition changes. These actions will result in an optimum quality of life for the client and the client's family.
Magnetic and photic responses in snails

Das Ausmass, in dem sich die SchneckeNassarius obsoleta asymmetrischem Licht zuwendet, ist einer fruher beschriebenen Orientierungsreaktion ubergeordnet, die selbst bei symmetrischer Beleuchtung eintritt. Ausserdem lasst diese Lichtreaktion eine physiologische Asymmetrie erkennen, die durch ein schwaches magnetisches Feld geandert werden kann.
A mandate for nursing education leadership: Change

Changes occurring in both the internal and external environments are causing the role of the nurse education executive to undergo a major revolution. Health care reform, and numerous other events in society, are causing organizations, corporations, and states to experience an unprecedented rate of change to redesign administrative and work group structures and functions, and to realign decision making. Because of the complexity and magnitude of change, it is imperative that faculty and administration design the work of the organization to prevent duplication of effort and be active, innovative, and creative in their respective areas of responsibility. The nurse education executive's challenge is to be prepared to lead change and to manage rapid change in an ambiguous and flexible environment.
Robotic Arm for Automated Assembly of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stacks

We present an innovative, inexpensive end-effector, the robot workcell, and the fuel cell components used to demonstrate the automated assembly process of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack. The end-effector is capable of handling a variety of fuel cell components including membrane electrode assemblies, bipolar plates and gaskets using vacuum cups mounted on level compensators and connected to a miniature vacuum pump. The end-effector and the fuel cell components are designed with features that allow an accurate component alignment during the assembly process within a tolerance of 0.02 in. and avoiding component overlapping which represents a major cause of overboard gas leaks during the fuel cell operation. The accurate component alignment in the stack is achieved with electrically nonconductive alignment pins permanently mounted on one fuel cell endplate and positioning holes machined on the fuel cell components and on the end-effector. The alignment pins feature a conical tip which eases the engagement between them and the positioning holes. A passive compliance system consisting of two perpendicularly mounted miniature linear blocks and rails allow compensating for the robot's limitations in accuracy and repeatability.
Riboflavin transport by rabbit renal basolateral membrane vesicles

Abstract The present study examined riboflavin (RF) uptake by isolated rabbit renal basolateral membrane (BLM). RF uptake was linear during the initial 10 seconds and leveled off thereafter with longer incubation. Studies on RF uptake as a function of incubation medium osmolarity indicated that the BLM RF uptake was the results of transport (∼45%) into the intravesicular space as well as binding (∼55%) to membrane surfaces. The RF binding to BLM was Na + -dependent so that replacement of Na + by other cations eliminated the binding component of RF uptake. The process of BLM RF uptake was saturable as a function of substrate concentration and was significantly inhibited by cis -addition of its structural analogs, lumiflavin and lumichrome, indicating the involvement of a carrier-mediated process. The BLM RF uptake was affected by changes in extravesicular pH so that, as compared to pH 7.5, RF uptake was lower at pH 6.5 and higher at pH 8.5. The effect of extravesicular pH persisted when the transmembrane H + gradient was dissipated by FCCP, indicating the direct effect of pH on BLM RF uptake. The BLM RF uptake was not affected by alterations of the transmembrane electrical potential, induced by either the presence of anions with different membrane permeability (Cl − = NO − 3 > SO − 4 >gluconate − ) or using nigericin (10 μg/mg protein) with an outwardly or inwardly directed transmembrane K + gradient. The BLM RF uptake was, however, inhibited by probenecid and p -aminohippurate, and was enhanced by trans -RF. In summary, these results demonstrate the existence of a Na + -dependent BLM binding of RF and a membrane-associated carrier system for RF uptake by renal BLM.
Computer image modeling of pentamer packing in polyoma virus “hexamer” tubes

Polymorphic assemblies of polyoma virus capsomeres that have been called “hexamer” tubes (because the morphological units are six-coordinated) are, in fact, built of pentamers, as is the icosahedrally symmetric T = 7d virus capsid. We have established the pentameric form of the capsomeres in the “hexamer” tubes by analysis of low-irradiation micrographs. Methods for generating computer image models with adjustable parameters have been developed to fit micrographs of negatively stained, flattened tubes. The image model has been refined to define the packing arrangement and substructure of the pentametric capsomeres in the superimposed top and bottom layers of the tube and to represent the differential flattening, lateral distortion and staining of the two sides. Information about the structure that is not directly accessible by conventional image filtering methods can be obtained by image modeling methods.
Organization of ribosomal DNA in the basidiomycete Thanatephorus praticola

The plant pathogenic fungus Thanatephorus praticola (=Rhizoctonia solani AG4) was found to share a similar pattern of rDNA organization with other members of the Basidiomycotina. The 8.8 kb rDNA repeat unit from T. praticola contains coding regions for the 5S RNA as well as the major 17S–25S transcript. Major rDNA length variation between intraspecific strains was not observed. The number of rDNA repeat units in the genome was estimated to be 59.
Effect of antibiotics on motion characteristics of cooled stallion spermatozoa

Abstract The control of bacteria in semen of stallions has been most effective with the use of seminal extenders containing suitable concentrations of antibiotics. However, the detrimental effect of antibiotics on sperm motility may be greater in stored, cooled semen due to the prolonged exposure to the antibiotic. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the effect of various antibiotics on sperm motion characteristics following short term exposure and during cooled storage of semen. Reagent grade amikacin sulfate, ticarcillin disodium, gentamicin sulfate and polymixin B sulfate were added to a nonfat, dried, skim milk - glucose seminal extender at concentrations of 1000 or 2000 μg or IU/ml. Aliquots of raw semen were diluted with extender-antibiotic combinations to a concentration of 25 × 10 6 spermatozoa/ml. An aliquot was also diluted with extender without antibiotic. Aliquots were incubated at 23°C for 1 h. In addition, portions of the aliquots were cooled from 23 to 5°C and stored for 48 h. During 1 h of incubation of extended semen at 23°C, there was a significant (P 0.05) improve motion characteristics of spermatozoa over control samples. However, levels of gentamicin sulfate greater than 1000 μg/ml and of polymixin B sulfate equal to or greater than 1000 IU/ml should be avoided in seminal extenders used for cooled semen.
Light-induced disintegration of robust physically cross-linked polymer networks.

Photodegradable physically cross-linked polymer networks are prepared from self-assembly of photolabile triblock copolymers. Linear triblock copolymers composed of poly (o-nitrobenzyl methacrylate) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) segments of variable molecular weights were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization. Triblock polymers with low-molecular-weight PEG segments form solid films upon hydration with robust mechanical properties including a Young's modulus of 76 ± 12 MPa and a toughness of 108 ± 31 kJ m−3. Triblock polymers with high-molecular-weight PEG segments form physically cross-linked hydrogels at room temperature with a dynamic storage modulus of 13 ± 0.6 kPa and long-term stability in hydrated environments. Both networks undergo photodegradation upon irradiation with long wave UV light.
Application of an On-Line Digital Computer at EBR-II

A brief description of the EBR-II reactor and its supporting digital computer (which was designed to be transparent to the operator or experimenter) are discussed. Details of the system hardware and software are noted which allow the system to function as an operational and experimental support tool. Two types of experiments are discussed which demonstrate use of operational data for experimental support and the use of the computer in a dedicated experiment.
Effect of malathion on nutrient composition of eggs and flavor of meat from laying hens.

SUMMARY— Malathion in the feed of laying hens did not produce any indications of adverse effects on the flavor of the cooked meat or on the nutrient composition of the egg whites and egg yolks.
Gramsci's concept of common sense: a useful concept for anthropologists?

Abstract The article begins with a brief look at the anthropological notion of culture and some of its ghosts, contrasting this with Gramsci's very different approach. It goes on to look in detail at Gramsci's concept of ‘common sense’, arguing that common sense as theorized by Gramsci provides anthropologists (whose discipline is so concerned with the quotidian) and others, with a useful theoretical tool with which to map everyday life. Gramsci's understanding of common sense encompasses its givenness – how it is both constitutive of our subjectivity and confronts us as an external reality – but also stresses its contradictions, fluidity and potential for change. To help clarify the specific character of the Gramscian notion of common sense, the article compares it with another concept that has been widely embraced within anthropology and elsewhere: Pierre Bourdieu's notion of habitus – a notion, I argue, that remains in many ways tethered to its anthropological origins.
Synaptic connectivity of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals in the striatum of normal, heterozygous and homozygous weaver mutant mice.

Striatal dopamine deficiency in weaver mutant mice is associated with loss of mesencephalic dopamine neurons. The maximum dopamine concentration in the striatum of weaver mutants is found on postnatal day 20, when it represents 50% of the control value. By day 180, it declines to 25% of the control value. Correspondingly, the number of nigral dopamine neurons is 58% of the normal number on day 20 and becomes 31% of the normal value by day 90. The aim of the present study was to examine whether dopamine axon terminals in the weaver striatum establish synaptic connections with postsynaptic neurons at the time when striatal dopamine concentration is at its peak value (i.e. on postnatal day 20), and if so, to compare the profile of synaptic connectivity of dopamine axon terminals found in the striatum of normal mice with that of heterozygous and homozygous weaver mutants. To that end, 20-day-old weaver homozygotes, along with age-matched weaver heterozygotes and wild-type mice were studied by electron microscopy after immunocytochemical labelling for tyrosine hydroxylase. A single micrograph of each of 1543 dopamine axon terminals was examined in total in the three genotypes; quantitative analyses of the relations of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals were carried out in the dorsolateral striatum, which receives the dopamine projection from the substantia nigra proper. In all three genotypes, junctional contacts formed by tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals in the striatum were predominantly of the symmetrical type. In wild-type and heterozygous mice, the majority of contacts (92% and 91% respectively) were formed with dendrites and spines. In weaver mutant mice, the majority of contacts (87%) were also with dendrites and spines, but the proportion of axosomatic contacts was double that found in normal animals. The proportions of contacts that displayed junctional membrane specializations in single sections were 27% in wild-type mice, 29% in weaver heterozygotes, and 17% in homozygous weaver mutants. Taking into consideration that the plane of the section might not always have included the synaptic specialization, a stereological formula was applied. It was estimated that 85–89% of the contacts may be truly junctional in the striatum of normal and heterozygous mice, whereas only 53% may be junctional in the striatum of weaver homozygotes. The reduced incidence of junctional synapses in weaver homozygotes may suggest either inadequate synaptogenesis, or an early loss of synapses after their formation, or both. Further, the increased incidence of axosomatic contacts may be indicative of synaptic immaturity, as such contacts are commonly seen in early developmental stages. Our results support the developmental nature of the nigrostriatal deficit in weaver mutants, since the synaptic investment of striatal neuronal elements by dopamine afferents appears to be immature at the time when nigrostriatal synaptogenesis is normally complete.
FLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN A RADIALLY SPREADING THIN LIQUID FILM

Abstract Improvements in the theoretical model and computational procedure for the prediction of film height and heat transfer coefficient of the free surface flow of a radially spreading thin liquid film adjacent to aflat horizontal surface of finite extent are presented. Flows in the presence and absence of gravity are considered. Theoretical results are compared to available experimental data with good agreement. In the presence of gravity, a hydraulic jump is present, isolating the flow into two regimes: supercritical upstream from the jump and subcritical downstream. In this situation, the effects of surface tension are important near the outer edge of the disk where the fluid experiences free fall. A region of flow separation is present just downstream of the jump. In the absence of gravity, no hydraulic jump or separated flow region is present. The variation of the heat transfer coefficient for flows in the presence and absence of gravity is also presented.
Watching the Detectives: Reading Dime Novels and Hard-Boiled Detectives Stories in Context

This paper is an essay-length review of four books: The Mammoth Book of Pulp Fiction, Edited by Maxim Jakubowski, Hard-boiled: Working-Class Readers and Pulp Magazines, by Erin A. Smith, Detective Fiction and the Rise of Forensic Science, by Ronald R. Thomas and Mechanic Accents: Dime Novels and Working-Class Culture in America (Revised Edition), by Michael Denning. Moreover, in the process of subjecting these four books to critical analysis, this paper asserts that pulp fiction, perhaps more than any other kind of literature, is inextricably linked to a specific time and place and argues, therefore, that a proper understanding and appreciation of dime novels and hard-boiled detective stories is contingent upon their cultural (re)contextualization.
Differences in expression of cystic fibrosis in blacks and whites.

• The recent identification of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene confirms that genetic heterogeneity occurs in CF. A three—basepair deletion in exon 10 resulting in a loss of the phenylalanine residue at amino acid position 508 of the gene product, termed the CF conductance regulator protein , accounts for 70% of cases of CF in white subjects. However, this gene defect occurs in only 37% of affected blacks. Analysis of CF genes from American blacks has revealed a number of mutations, most of which are unique to that population. We therefore searched for potential differences in expression of CF between 24 black and 48 white patients with CF matched for birth date and gender. Black patients more frequently presented with only respiratory symptoms (38% vs 10%). Black patients had fewer hospitalizations for pulmonary exacerbations (2 vs 6.9), a better mean forced vital capacity (77% vs 62% of predicted), and higher chest roentgenogram scores (18.2 vs 14.4) than white patients. Complication rates were similar except for a higher incidence of hyponatremic dehydration (21% vs 2%) and peptic ulcer disease (13% vs 0%) in blacks. Survival time appeared to be longer in blacks, but the difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that phenotypic differences exist between black and white patients with CF, which may be due to the genetic heterogeneity between these two populations. ( AJDC . 1991;145:94-97)
A COMPARISON OF 3.3-mm BURSTS AND H$alpha$ EMISSION DURING FLARES.

Radio bursts observed at a wavelength of 3.3 mm are always associated with flares. The enhancement in the millimeter emission is strongly correlated with some optical event that is associated with the flare. Emissions in the bursts observed thus far, with the possible exception of those associated with proton flares, have not been large increases over quiescent readings and can be explained by a thermal mechanism.
Comparative studies on mitochondrial coupling factor B and FB

Abstract Beef heart mitochondrial protein factor FB [Higashiyama et al , Biochemistry 14 , 4117–4121 (1975)] was purified and its properties were compared with those of coupling factor B. Both proteins stimulated ATP-driven NAD+ reduction in ammonia and EDTA-treated (AE-) submitochondrial particles, but the extent of stimulation (maximum activity of particles) was very low with FB. FB was found to be ineffective in stimulating Pi-ATP exchange in either AE-particles or reconstituted oligomycin-sensitive ATPase vesicles. Furthermore, FB failed to stimulate ATP-driven NAD+ reduction activity of AE-particles in the presence of saturating amounts of dithiothreitol (DTT). DTT alone stimulates the particle activity extensively as reported earlier. Rabbit antiserum to FB did not show a precipitin band with purified Factor B, nor did the antibody inhibit Factor B stimulated activity of the AE-particles. The data suggest that FB and Factor B are two different molecular species with different functions and fail to provide evidence that FB is a coupling factor.
Stem cell transplantation in AIDS-lymphoma

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is the treatment of choice for HIV-negative patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive lymphoma. However, this paradigm has not been universally applied to patients with AIDS-related lymphoma, at least until recently.
Myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac tamponade associated with Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4] A 25-year-old woman presented with sepsis syndrome and diffuse purpuric rash (A) . The electrocardiogram showed diffuse ST-segment elevation (B) . Cardiac troponin-I and creatine kinase-myocardial band levels were markedly
Solar-driven microbial photoelectrochemical cells with a nanowire photocathode

We report a self-biased, solar-driven microbial photoelectrochemical cell (solar MPC) that can produce sustainable energy through coupling the microbial catalysis of biodegradable organic matter with solar energy conversion. The solar MPC consists of a p-type cuprous oxide nanowire-arrayed photocathode and an electricigen (Shewanella oneidensis MR-1)-colonizing anode, which can harvest solar energy and bioenergy, respectively. The photocathode and bioanode are interfaced by matching the redox potentials of bacterial cells and the electronic bands of semiconductor nanowires. We successfully demonstrated substantial current generation of 200 μA from the MPC device based on the synergistic effect of the bioanode (projected area of 20 cm2) and photocathode (projected area of 4 cm2) at zero bias under white light illumination of 20 mW/cm2. We identified the transition of rate-limiting step from the photocathode to the bioanode with increasing light intensities. The solar MPC showed self-sustained operation for...
Retinoic acid affects the organization of reticulospinal neurons in developing Xenopus.

Abstract The effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on the differentiation of the reticulospinal system were studied in Xenopus . RA was applied in concentrations of 10 −5 and 10 −6 M for 30 min at stage 12. When siblings had reached stages 46–48, the spinal cord was transected in anesthetized control and experimental animals and the reticulospinal cells were visualized through retrograde transport of fluorescing dextran amines. The lower concentration of RA led in many animals (22%) to the formation of multiple Mauthner-like cells. Higher concentrations resulted in the formation of two uninterrupted longitudinal columns of rather uniform reticulospinal cells. These data suggest that the normal expression of Hox genes pattern—known to be altered by RA—may be necessary for the differential specification of compartments of the reticulospinal system.
Revenues and e-learning: do universities need an online presence?

In this paper, we examine the role of e-learning enrolments in revenue functions for four-year public universities. Many universities have moved into e-learning as a resource to overcome the funding shortfall which has been an outcome of the recent economic climate. It is hypothesised that an e-learning presence will enhance revenues for universities in varying capacities. We use panel data from the Department of Education and the Southern Regional Education Board, covering the years 2006–2008. We estimate a fixed effects regression to control for unobserved heterogeneity across universities. Results indicate that e-learning enrolment decreases revenue derived from state appropriations. One possible explanation is that traditional universities have found a new revenue outlet in e-learning that decreases the need for state funding. Our results lend support for universities seeking to break away from being a public entity and towards a profit maximising firm.
Movement of the esophagus during left atrial catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the extent of esophageal mobility that occurs during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation under conscious sedation. Background Ablation along the posterior left atrium may cause an atrioesophageal fistula. One strategy for avoiding this risk is to not deliver radiofrequency energy at sites in contact with the esophagus. Methods In 51 consecutive patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent left atrial ablation under conscious sedation, digital cine-fluoroscopic imaging of the esophagus was performed in two views after ingestion of barium paste at the beginning and end of the ablation procedure. Movement of the esophagus was determined at the superior, mid-, and inferior parts of the posterior left atrium in reference to the spine. Results Mean esophageal movement was 2.0 ± 0.8 cm (range = 0.3 to 3.8 cm) at the superior, 1.7 ± 0.8 cm (range = 0.1 to 3.5 cm) at the mid-, and 2.1 ± 1.2 cm (range = 0.1 to 4.5 cm) at the inferior levels. In 67% of the 51 patients, the esophagus shifted by ≥2 cm, and in 4% there was ≥4 cm of lateral movement. The mean change in esophageal luminal width was 5 ± 7 mm (range = 0 to 36 mm) at the superior, 5 ± 7 mm (range = 0 to 32 mm) at the mid-, and 6 ± 7 mm (range = 0 to 21 mm) at the inferior levels of the posterior left atrium. Conclusions The esophagus often is mobile and shifts sideways by ≥2 cm in a majority of patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation under conscious sedation. Therefore, real-time imaging of the esophagus may be helpful in reducing the risk of esophageal injury during radiofrequency ablation along the posterior left atrium.
An inexpensive method of improving magnet performance for ESR spectroscopy

Abstract The design and performance of a set of concentric shim coils for use in an electron spin resonance spectrometer are described. These are particularly advantageous in magnets with wide gaps operating at high fields.
Mars viewed through Viking eyes

The Surface of Mars. By Michael H. Carr. Pp.232. ISBN 0-300-02750-8. (Yale University Press: 1982.) $45, £35.
Cigarette Smoking, Academic Lifestyle, and Social Impact Efficacy: An Eight‐Year Study from Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood1

Two hundred and twenty-one males and 518 females were followed for 8 years from early adolescence. A causal model was proposed that related five constructs measured in adolescence to four corresponding constructs measured 8 years later. The predictor constructs included smoking involvement, academic lifestyle orientation, emotional well-being, social impact efficacy, and peer smoking behavior. Academic lifestyle orientation was found to be a central organizing construct, with the strongest within-time and across-time correlations with other constructs. The relatively weak causal influences of teenage smoking and teenage social impact efficacy suggested an explanation for the limited impact of past drug abuse prevention programs. Policy implications are discussed.
Inferior frontal junction biases perception through neural synchrony

How the primate attentional control network interacts with posterior sensory regions to bias perception is not fully understood. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) supplemented by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a recent study reported that human inferior frontal junction (IFJ) could play a key role in biasing perception through neural synchrony with posterior sensory regions.
Enantioseparation of extended metal atom chain complexes: unique compounds of extraordinarily high specific rotation.

Extended metal atom chains (EMACs) contain a linear metal chain wrapped by various ligands. Most complexes are of the form M3(dpa)4X2, where M = metal, dpa = 2,2′-dipyridylamide, and X = various anions. The ligands form helical coils about the metal chain, which results in chiral EMAC complexes. The EMACs containing the metals Co and Cu were partially separated in polar organic mode using a vancomycin-based chiral stationary phase. Under similar conditions, two EMACs with Ni metal and varying anions could be baseline separated. The polar organic mode was used because of the instability of the compounds in aqueous mobile phases. Also, these conditions are more conducive to preparative separations. Polarimetric measurements on the resolved enantiomers of Ni3(dpa)4Cl2 indicate that they have extraordinarily high specific rotations (on the order of 5000 deg cc/g dm). Chirality, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Categorical and spatial modes of representation in young children's recall.

Abstract Preschool children aged 4 and 6 were asked to recall a set of line drawings under two conditions: pictures blocked in category groups, and pictures blocked in noncategory groups. For 4-year-olds, the blocking condition made no difference in the structure of their recall; but for the 6-year-olds, the category blocking served as a support for category clustering of their recall lists. No purely spatial clustering appeared at either age. It was concluded that 6-year-olds' use of classes is closely linked to concrete spatial arrangement of objects.
Technical Alternatives In Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Imaging

In this paper we consider the choice of the magnetic field for an imaging system based on the nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen. We show by analysis that the quality, or contrast-to-noise ratio, of images based on T1 discrimination increases with field or frequency up to 2 T or 85 MHz. After a brief discussion of potential engineering limitations we present results showing that images of the human head with excellent anatomic detail can be produced at 1.5 T or 64 MHz.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.