cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Montreal Neurological Institute: training of the first African-American neurosurgeons.

BACKGROUND: Since its inception in 1934 by the legendary Dr. Wilder Penfield, the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) has provided world-renowned instruction in neurosurgery and related neurosciences, training many of the most prominent figures in the history of neurosurgery. Less well known is the role of the MNI in training the first African-American board-certified neurosurgeons. METHODS: A comprehensive review of pertinent modern and historical records spanning the past century was performed. RESULTS: From 1947-1965, the MNI trained the first African-American board-certified neurosurgeon, and three of the first four. The first, Dr. Clarence Greene, Sr., trained at MNI from 1947-1949. The next, Dr. Jesse Barber, Jr., trained at MNI from 1958-1961. Like Greene, Barber received his MD from the Howard University College of Medicine, was on the general surgery faculty at Howard before training at MNI under Penfield and returned to Howard following his training. The third, Dr. Lloyd Dayes, matriculated at MNI in 1960 after receiving his MD from the Loma Linda University School of Medicine and trained from 1961-1965 under Dr. Theodore Rasmussen, after which he returned to Loma Linda. Greene, Barber and Dayes were certified by the American Board of Neurological Surgery in 1953, 1963 and 1967, respectively, as the first, third and fourth African-American neurosurgeons. CONCLUSION: The willingness of the world-renowned MNI to train the first African-American neurosurgeons during a time of intense racial segregation in the United States played a major role in enabling subsequent African Americans to enter and enhance the field of neurosurgery.
Three Myths of Intentionality Versus Some Medieval Philosophers

This paper argues that three characteristic modern positions concerning intentionality – namely, (1) that intentionality is ‘the mark of the mental’; (2) that intentionality concerns a specific type of objects having intentional inexistence; and (3) that intentionality somehow defies logic – are just three ‘modern myths’ that medieval philosophers, from whom the modern notion supposedly originated, would definitely reject.
Immunochemical identity of peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase with the peroxisome-proliferation-associated 80,000 mol wt polypeptide in rat liver.

Peroxisome proliferators, which induce proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes, have been shown previously to cause a marked increase in an 80,000 mol wt polypeptide predominantly in the light mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of liver of rodents. We now present evidence to show that this hepatic peroxisome-proliferation-associated polypeptide, referred to as polypeptide PPA-80, is immunochemically identical with the multifunctional peroxisome protein displaying heat-labile enoyl-CoA hydratase activity. This conclusion is based on the following observations: (a) the purified polypeptide PPA-80 and the heat- labile enoyl-CoA hydratase from livers of rats treated with the peroxisome proliferators Wy-14,643 {[4-chloro-6(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid} exhibit identical minimum molecular weights of approximately 80,000 on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; (b) these two proteins are immunochemically identical on the basis of ouchterlony double diffusion, immunotitration, rocket immunoelectrophoresis, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis analysis; and (c) the immunoprecipitates formed by antibodies to polypeptide PPA-80 when dissociated on a sephadex G-200 column yield enoyl-CoA hydratase activity. Whether the polypeptide PPA-80 exhibits the activity of other enzyme(s) of the peroxisomal β-oxidation system such as fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity or displays immunochemical identity with such enzymes remains to be determined. The availability of antibodies to polypeptide PPA-80 and enoyl-CoA hydratase facilitated immunofluorescent and immunocytochemical localization of the polypeptide PPA- 80 and enoyl-CoA hydratase in the rat liver. The indirect immunofluorescent studies with these antibodies provided direct visual evidence for the marked induction of polypeptide PPA-80 and enoyl-CoA hydratase in the livers of rats treated with Wy-14,643. The present studies also provide immunocytochemical evidence for the localization of polypeptide PPA- 80 and the heat-labile enoyl-CoA hydratase in the peroxisome, but not in the mitochondria, of hepatic parenchymal cells. These studies, therefore, provide morphological evidence for the existence of fatty acyl-CoA oxidizing system in peroxisomes. An increase of polypeptide PPA-80 on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the subcellular fractions of liver of rodents treated with lipid-lowering drugs should serve as a reliable and sensitive indicator of enhanced peroxisomal β- oxidation system.
The validity of a rheumatoid arthritis medical records-based index of severity compared with the DAS28.

The objective of this work was to assess the convergent validity of a previously developed rheumatoid arthritis medical records-based index of severity (RARBIS) by comparing it with the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28). This study was conducted in subjects within the Brigham and Women's Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study (BRASS). We selected 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the BRASS with DAS28 scores equally distributed in four quartiles. The medical records were reviewed to calculate the RARBIS, which includes indicators from the following categories: prior surgical history, radiologic and laboratory findings, clinical and functional status, and extra-articular manifestations. The Spearman correlation between the RARBIS and the DAS28 was assessed in the total study population and in relevant subgroups. We re-weighted on subscales and recalculated the RARBIS score. This was performed based on findings of correlations between the DAS28 and subscales; and also the result from a multiple linear regression with the DAS28 (as a dependent variable) and five subscales (as independent variables). The mean RARBIS was 4.36 (range 0–11). Among the total study cohort, the RARBIS was moderately correlated with the DAS28 (r = 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23–0.56). In subgroup analyses, including age, gender, rheumatoid factor status, and disease duration, we found no statistically significant differences in the correlations. After re-weighting, the correlation between the RARBIS and the DAS28 was somewhat improved (r = 0.48, 95% CI 0.31–0.62). In conclusion, the RARBIS correlated moderately well with the DAS28 in this population. The RARBIS has both face and convergent validity for patients with RA and relevant subgroups and may have application for medical records studies in patients with RA.
The evolution of electronic reference sources

Purpose – To provide a historical look at the development of web versions of reference materials and discuss what makes an easy‐to‐use and useful electronic handbook.Design/methodology/approach – Electronic reference materials were limited to handbooks available on the web. Observations and assumptions about usability are tested with an information retrieval test for specific tasks in print and online editions of the same texts.Findings – Recommended adoption of those elements which create a well‐designed book in combination with robust search capabilities and online presentation result in an easy‐to‐use and useful electronic reference source.Research limitations/implications – The small sample size that was used for testing limits the ability to draw conclusions, and is used only as an indication of the differences between models. A more thorough look at difference between electronic book aggregates, such as ENGnetBASE, Knovel® and Referex would highlight the best features for electronic reference materi...
A novel strategy for broadband and miniaturized EBG designs: hybrid MTL theory and PSO algorithm

Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structures are increasingly utilized by a variety of microwave and optical devices as filters for unwanted signals. One such application is their incorporation in power distribution network (PDN) of electronic circuits where the EBG structure replaces one of the reference voltage planes thus forming a shielded EBG structure. The EBG induces a wide (on the order of few GHz) omni-directional stopband in the operating frequency range of the PDN which mitigates the so called simultaneous switching noise (SSN) on the power plane. The challenging aspect in designing an EBG for such applications is to achieve a wide stopband centered at low GHz frequencies while maintaining a reasonably small unit cell size and a low profile. Indeed, the dimensions of the unit cell of the EBG structure for low frequency designs can become relatively large with respect to the size of the host dielectric substrate. Therefore, availability of a systematic design approach that can provide a fast and accurate means of performance prediction to enable geometry tweaking and design optimization will be of critical importance in utilizing EBG structures in such applications.
Molecular mechanism of kNBC1—carbonic anhydrase II interaction in proximal tubule cells

We have recently shown that carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) binds in vitro to the C-terminus of the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter kNBC1 (kNBC1-ct). In the present study we determined the molecular mechanisms for the interaction between the two proteins and whether kNBC1 and CAII form a transport metabolon in vivo wherein bicarbonate is transferred from CAII directly to the cotransporter. Various residues in the C-terminus of kNBC1 were mutated and the effect of these mutations on both the magnitude of CAII binding and the function of kNBC1 expressed in mPCT cells was determined. Two clusters of acidic amino acids, L958DDV and D986NDD in the wild-type kNBC1-ct involved in CAII binding were identified. In both acidic clusters, the first aspartate residue played a more important role in CAII binding than others. A significant correlation between the magnitude of CAII binding and kNBC1-mediated flux was shown. The results indicated that CAII activity enhances flux through the cotransporter when the enzyme is bound to kNBC1. These data are the first direct evidence that a complex of an electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter with CAII functions as a transport metabolon.
Towards a domain-independent ASR-confidence classifier

This work addresses the problem of developing a domain-independent binary classifier for a test domain given labeled data from several training domains where the test domain is not necessarily present in training data. The classifier accepts or rejects the ASR hypothesis based on the confidence generated by the ASR system. In the proposed approach, training data is grouped into across-domain clusters and separate cluster-specific classifiers are trained. One of the main findings is that the cluster purity and the normalized mutual information of the clusters are not very high which suggests that the domains might not necessarily be natural clusters. The performance of these cluster-specific classifiers is better than that of: (a) a single classifier trained on data from all the domains, and (b) a set of classifiers trained separately for each of the training domains. At an operating point corresponding to low False Accept, the Correct Accept of the proposed technique is on an average 2.3% higher than that obtained by the single-classifier or the individual train-domain classifiers.
Conjugate-gradient subroutines for the IBM 3090 vector facility

This paper describes a set of optimized subroutines for use in solving sparse, symmetric, positive definite linear systems of equations using iterative algorithms. The set has been included in the Engineering and Scientific Subroutine Library (ESSL) for the IBM 3090 Vector Facility (VF). The subroutines are based on the conjugate-gradient method, preconditioned by the diagonal or by an incomplete factorization. They make use of storage representations of sparse matrices that are optimal for vector implementation. The ESSL vector subroutines are up to six times faster than a scalar implementation of the same algorithm.
A decomposition algorithm for locating a shortest path between two nodes in a network

A decomposition algorithm for locating a shortest path between two nodes of a network with circuits (directed cycles) and arbitrary arc distances (with the customary assumption of no negative circuits) is introduced. Unlike similar decomposition algorithms by Hu [12, 13], Yen [23], and Glover, Klingman, and Napier [10], this algorithm finds only the shortest distance between two specified nodes. Computational complexity of this algorithm is shown to be better than the previous decomposition algorithms.
Imaging Characteristics of Growing and Ruptured Vertebrobasilar Non-Saccular and Dolichoectatic Aneurysms

Background and Purpose— Vertebrobasilar, nonsaccular, and dolichoectatic aneurysms generally have a poor natural history. We performed a study examining the natural history of vertebrobasilar, nonsaccular, and dolichoectatic aneurysms receiving serial imaging and studied imaging characteristics associated with growth and rupture. Methods— We included all vertebrobasilar dolichoectatic, fusiform, and transitional aneurysms with serial imaging follow-up seen at our institution over a 15-year period. Two radiologists and a neurologist evaluated aneurysms for size, type, mural T1 signal, mural thrombus, daughter sac, mass effect, and tortuosity. Primary outcomes were aneurysm growth or rupture. Univariate analysis was performed with chi-squared tests for categorical variables and Student’s t test or analysis of variance for continuous variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables independently associated with aneurysm growth or rupture. Results— One hundred and fifty-two patients with 542 patient-years (mean 3.6±3.5 years) of imaging follow-up were included. Aneurysms were fusiform in 45 cases (29.6%), dolichoectatic in 75 cases (49.3%), and transitional in 32 cases (21.1%). Thirty-five aneurysms (23.0%) grew (growth rate=6.5%/year). Eight aneurysms (5.3%) ruptured (rupture rate=1.5%/year). Variables associated with growth and rupture on univariate analysis were size >10 mm (57.6% versus 16.0%, P <0.0001), mural T1 signal (39.7% versus 16.3%, P =0.001), daughter sac (56.3% versus 21.3%), and mural thrombus (45.5% versus 13.4%, P <0.0001). 26.7% of fusiform aneurysms, 9.3% of dolichoectatic aneurysms, and 59.4% of transitional aneurysms grew or ruptured ( P <0.0001). The only variable independently associated with rupture was transitional morphology ( P =0.003). Conclusions— Vertebrobasilar, nonsaccular, and dolichoectatic aneurysms are associated with a poor natural history with high growth and rupture rates. Further research is needed to determine the best treatments for this disease.
FOC3FASDFOC3-1POSTNATAL CHOLINE SUPPLEMENTATION MODIFIES ALTERATIONS IN miRNAs INDUCED BY DEVELOPMENTAL ALCOHOL EXPOSURE

Prenatal alcohol exposure can result in a range of physical and neurodevelopmental deficits, collectively termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). We have shown that supplementation with the nutrient choline reduces the severity of deficits in hippocampal-dependent behaviors associated with prenatal alcohol exposure, and normalizes aspects of hippocampal cholinergic development and DNA …
Ground Anoles (Anolis humilis) Discriminate between Aposematic and Cryptic Model Insects

Abstract Aposematic coloration allows predators to use visual cues to avoid eating potentially toxic or distasteful prey. Predators across many animal taxa actively avoid aposematically colored prey and remember distasteful brightly colored prey longer than cryptically colored prey. Lizards of many species are known to use aposematic coloration when foraging; however, most previous studies investigating the recognition of aposematic coloration by lizards have used live prey. This factor makes it difficult to determine whether lizards rely solely on visual cues or use a combination of sensory cues in prey selection. To determine whether anoles can select prey relying on only visual cues, we investigated the foraging response of Ground Anoles (Anolis humilis) to aposematic prey. By using clay models, we were able to remove any natural olfactory or behavioral cues that lizards may use in prey selection. We presented anoles with aposematically and cryptically colored insect models and found that lizards recog...
Theism and Scientific Method

What I have claimed then is that by employing the most elementary principles underlying scientific method we may construct certain aspects of the world as constituting empirical evidence confirming Theism. It is conceivable that someone should wish to object saying that Principles A and E, which are admittedly universally employed in the confirmation of scientific hypotheses, are not qualified to adjudicate between hypotheses like T, N, D and so on. Scientific hypotheses postulate that the universe has this but not that feature; that something is, while something else is not, a law of nature; that such and such physical entities, properties, events or processes exist and others do not. The dispute, however, between T and N for instance, is not about what features the universe possesses: T does not deny the existence of any law of nature affirmed by N or vice versa; nor are there any physical particulars whose existence is acknowledged by one hypothesis and disavowed by the other.
Focused azimuthally polarized vector beam and spatial magnetic resolution below the diffraction limit

An azimuthally electric-polarized vector beam (APB), with a polarization vortex, has a salient feature that it contains a magnetic-dominant region within which the electric field is ideally null while the longitudinal magnetic field is maximum. Fresnel diffraction theory and plane-wave spectral calculations are applied to quantify field features of such a beam upon focusing through a lens. The diffraction-limited full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the beam’s longitudinal magnetic field intensity profile and complementary FWHM of the beam’s annular-shaped total electric field intensity profile are examined at the lens’s focal plane as a function of the lens’s paraxial focal distance. Then, we place a subwavelength dense dielectric Mie scatterer in the minimum-waist plane of a self-standing converging APB and demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that a very-high-resolution magnetic near-field at optical frequency is achieved with total magnetic near-field FWHM of 0.23λ (i.e., magnetic near-field spot area of 0.04λ2) within a magnetic-dominant region located one radius (0.12λ) away from the scatterer. In particular, the utilization of the nanosphere as a magnetic nanoantenna (so-called magnetic nanoprobe) illuminated by a tightly focused APB is instrumental in boosting the photoinduced magnetic response and suppressing the electric response of a sample matter. The access to the weak photoinduced magnetic response in sample matter would add extra degrees of freedom to future optical photoinduced force microscopy and spectroscopy systems based on the excitation of photoinduced magnetic dipolar transitions.
Concurrent Academic and Pre-Licensure Supervision

Abstract Post-graduate supervision is a consistent requirement for those seeking counselor licensure. Supervisees completing licensure supervision requirements may also be enrolled in advanced graduate study requiring supervised placements. Such circumstances introduce the need for concurrent management of academic and pre-licensure supervision. Though concurrent supervision may be problematic in the counseling profession, it is likely that clinical training programs in other disciplines could encounter similar circumstances. This article features an examination of clinical and academic issues affecting concurrent supervision as well as recommendations for proactively structuring and managing supervisor responsibilities to avoid confusion and conflict.
Continuous Rearing of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, on a Holidic Diet

A sterile holidic diet was formulated that has sustained 18 generations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), an aphid generally restricted to legumes. Although apparently satisfactory for continuous propagation, the diet did not promote optimum growth and reproduction. Pea aphids reared on the diet showed a mean adult weight of 1.6 mg, 68% of that of plant-reared aphids. The mean number of progeny per diet-reared aphid per day was 0.54, compared to a mean of 6 per day among plantreared aphids. The mean generation period was 13.1 days for the first 10 generations on the holidic diet. A feeding apparatus was developed that allowed the aphids to feed undisturbed for a week, yet permitted the diet to be changed more frequently. The feeding apparatus consisted of a refillable diet chamber with a Parafilm® membrane above an aphid chamber. The aphids were placed directly on the membrane of the diet chamber when they were transferred from one feeding apparatus to another, eliminating the need for them to climb up to the membrane. As many as 200 adults were reared in a single cage, and adult populations of 600–1000 were maintained.
RECOVERY STUDY ON GAS INJECTION SIMULATION BY EOS IN GAS CONDENSATE RESERVOIR

Gas injection can prevent condensate oil from separating out from gas condensate reservoir. The PVTCOG application software developed by ourselves and the PR state equation were employed in a real closed condensate gas reservoir to study the depletion performance in different production stages, the influence of dry gas, the nitrogen and carbon dioxide on the dew point pressure, the gas injection time, the condensate oil reserve and the condensate oil recovery. The results showed that: different injection gas has different impact on dew point pressure; with more gas injection the condensate oil reserve will come down while the condensate oil recovery will go up; the optimum time for gas injection is not necessarily at pressure higher than dew point pressure.
Insulin and hyperaminoacidemia regulate by a different mechanism leucine turnover and oxidation in obesity

Seven normal glucose-tolerant obese subjects [ideal body weight (IBW) = 161%] and 18 controls (IBW = 102%) were studied with the euglycemic insulin clamp (10 and 40 mU.m-2.min-1) technique, [14C]le...
Settlement-funded tobacco control in Texas: 2000-2004 Pilot project effects on cigarette smoking

Because settlement proceeds allocated for tobacco control in Texas are insufficient for statewide activity at federally recommended funding levels, the Texas Department of State Health Services has used the available funds in quasi-experimental pilot studies in which varying amounts of support are provided for selected parts of the state. Trends in tobacco use were measured in telephone surveys of 7,998 (2000), 5,150 (2002), and 5,721 (2004) adults. Prevalence of cigarette smoking declined by almost one-third in the pilot area where comprehensive and sustained pilot activities to reduce tobacco use were organized at close to the federally recommended funding level. Significantly smaller reductions were observed in other parts of the state. In the group with the highest use, white non-Hispanic men, cigarette consumption declined by half in the pilot area. It is reasonable to expect similar reductions in tobacco use if funds are provided for statewide expansion of the pilot activities.
The effects of verapamil on left ventricular function in the presence of β-adrenergic blockade

Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias frequently complicate myocardial revascularization. Intravenous administration of verapamil has been effective in terminating these arrhythmias. To determine the effects of verapamil on left ventricular systolic function, we implanted ultrasonic dimension transducers in dogs and, after they had recovered from the operation, studied them while they were awake and unsedated. Intravenous administration of verapamil (0.2 mg/kg) resulted in an elevation of cardiac output above baseline because of reflex-induced tachycardia. Contractility, as measured by the load-independent end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, remained unchanged. When the animals were pretreated with atropine and propranolol, verapamil resulted in a fall in cardiac output and contractility. The intact animal responded to the vasodilatory effect of verapamil by releasing catecholamines to maintain cardiac output and hemodynamic stability. Only when this compensatory mechanism was blocked by a beta-adrenergic blocker do the inherently negative inotropic and chronotropic effects of verapamil become apparent. The clinical ramifications of this finding are of greater importance to the surgeon as more patients receive beta-adrenergic blocking agents up to the time of the immediate preoperative period. We conclude that verapamil should be administered with caution to patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias who have been receiving beta-adrenergic blocking agents.
Stakeholder Preferences on a Working Waterfront: Quality of Life, Land Uses and Planning Processes in Chelsea, Massachusetts

The focus of this research was to understand, through interviews and content analysis, how residents and officials in a medium-sized New England port community thought about urban planning issues around their working waterfront. In particular, it analyzed how the co-creation of knowledge by residents, activists, and planners could support future waterfront planning efforts and address some of the challenges faced in this port community. Despite similar visions for the waterfront, residents and city planning documents often framed and explained their visions differently. Residents frequently mentioned overall quality of life concerns (public health and safety) as well as environmental/ecosystem health concerns. City waterfront planning documents focused more heavily on sustainable development and economic concerns. Implications are that community dialogue through a non-profit can mobilize residents in implementing just sustainability and increasing community well-being.
Abstract AS06: Development and characterization of an oviduct-specific model of high-grade serous carcinoma

Recent studies suggest the most common and lethal type of “ovarian” cancer, high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), often arises from fallopian tube epithelium rather than the ovarian surface epithelium. Their intraperitoneal location and microscopic size make it very difficult to screen for, or study the biology of early tubal lesions in humans, as most are discovered incidentally in women with hereditary predisposition to ovarian cancer who elect prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy for cancer risk-reduction. Although most cases of pelvic HGSC probably originate in the fallopian tube, roughly one-third lack evidence of tubal origin. These cases may arise from ectopic tubal-type epithelium (endosalpingiosis) present in the ovary, peritoneum, or at other sites. Mouse models that closely mimic the genetics and biology of human HGSCs may be useful for clarifying how tubal and non-tubal pelvic HGSCs develop and progress. We have developed transgenic (Ovgp1-iCreERT2) mice allowing conditional (tamoxifen [TAM]-inducible) expression of Cre recombinase exclusively in the oviductal epithelium, using a single transgene. Using double transgenic Ovgp1-iCreERT2;R26LSL-eYFP mice in which TAM treatment activates eYFP reporter protein expression in oviductal epithelial cells, we have shown that tubal-type inclusion glands (endosalpingiosis) expressing both eYFP and OVGP1 are present in a subset of murine ovaries following treatment with TAM. The findings suggest that oviductal epithelium can detach from the oviduct and traffic to the ovaries, where it implants through breaks in the OSE and maintains its tubal-type differentiation. Preliminary data also suggest that the frequency of ovarian endosalpingiosis increases over time and by superovulating the mice. The latter finding raises the possibility that at least some of the protective effects of high parity and oral contraceptive use on human ovarian cancer risk is related to reduced likelihood of acquiring endosalpingiosis from which “ovarian” HGSCs may eventually arise. We have further shown that Ovgp1-iCreERT2;Trp53fl/fl;Brca1fl/fl mice develop oviductal lesions identical to human serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) after TAM treatment and have identified additional genetic alterations that cooperate with Trp53 and Brca1 inactivation in oviductal HGSC pathogenesis in our model system. Murine models of HGSC that recapitulate their human tumor counterparts provide excellent in vivo systems with which to define the cellular and molecular events associated with HGSC development and progression. Citation Format: Yali Zhai, Rong Wu, Tom C. Hu, Eric R. Fearon, Kathleen R. Cho. Development and characterization of an oviduct-specific model of high-grade serous carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 8-9, 2014; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(16 Suppl):Abstract nr AS06.
Old Joshu Lives On

AbstractJoshu was a Chan master back in Tang Dynasty China. Some of his dialogues became koans that are still widely used by contemporary Zen aspirants. Indian Buddhists originally employed the word ‘doubt’ in a way that developed new shades of meaning, both as Joshu played with the word, and as this term evolved further in the koan traditions of Sino-Japanese Buddhism. Joshu lived for 120 years. This extraordinary lifespan is far beyond that of today’s so-called ‘SuperAgers’. Recent research based on the brain imaging data and the telomere length from many long-term meditators suggests the possibility that some of old Joshu’s longevity reflected his one hundred years of prior meditative practice.
Attacking sleep from a new angle: contributions from zebrafish

Sleep consumes a third of our lifespan, but we are far from understanding how it is initiated, maintained and terminated, or what purposes it serves. To address these questions, alternative model systems have recently been recruited. The diurnal zebrafish holds the promise of bridging the gap between simple invertebrate systems, which show little neuroanatomical conservation with mammals, and well-established, but complex and nocturnal, murine systems. Zebrafish larvae can be monitored in a high-throughput fashion, pharmacologically tested by adding compounds into the water, genetically screened using transient transgenesis, and optogenetically manipulated in a non-invasive manner. Here we discuss work that has established the zebrafish as a powerful system for the study of sleep, as well as novel insights gained by exploiting its particular advantages.
Three-Body Hydrogen Bond Defects Contribute Significantly to the Dielectric Properties of the Liquid Water-Vapor Interface.

We present a simple model of aqueous interfacial molecular structure, and we use this model to isolate the effects of hydrogen bonding on the dielectric properties of the liquid water–vapor interface. We show that water’s interfacial molecular structure can be understood by considering the orientational preferences of a single molecule immersed in the environment of the average interfacial density field. We illustrate that depth-dependent orientational anisotropy is determined by the geometric constraints of hydrogen bonding, and we show that the primary features of atomistic simulation data can be reproduced by assuming an idealized, perfectly tetrahedral hydrogen bonding geometry. We demonstrate that nonideal hydrogen bond geometries are required to account for variations in the orientational polarization and polarizability of the interface. Finally, we highlight that these properties contain significant contributions from a specific type of geometrically distorted three-body hydrogen bond defect that i...
Comparison of Different Data Analysis Tools to Study the Effect of Storage Conditions on Wine Sensory Attributes and Trace Metal Composition

Storing Cabernet Sauvignon wine at three different temperatures and in four different packaging configurations led to significant changes of the elemental and sensory profiles. Two different exploratory data analysis techniques—principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variate analysis CVA)—were used to analyze both data sets separately to study the different data analysis outcomes. Additionally, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to correlate the two data sets to each other.
Exploring intermediate cell states through the lens of single cells

As our catalog of cell states expands, appropriate characterization of these states and the transitions between them is crucial. Here we discuss the roles of intermediate cell states (ICSs) in this growing collection. We begin with definitions and discuss evidence for the existence of ICSs and their relevance in various tissues. We then provide a list of possible functions for ICSs with examples. Finally, we describe means by which ICSs and their functional roles can be identified from single-cell data or predicted from models.
Analogical reasoning by intelligent robots

Robotics research has produced economically and organizationally satisfactory tools for industry, and exploration of and manipulation in outer space, under the ocean and other dangerous or difficult-to-access places. Intelligent robots, however, are still largely a promising possiblity around the horizon. The adaptation of Artificial Intelligence methodology for robots seems to be a difficult and lengthy process. Both general-purpose and domain-specific techniques are needed. In this paper, we investigate some fairly universal concepts within the block world context.
Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Impact of Stressful and Traumatic Life Events and Implications for Clinical Practice

Research findings suggest that behavioral interventions are effective in improving educational outcomes and fostering skill development in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, high rates of comorbidity between ASD and other psychological disorders, including depression and anxiety, indicate that standard behavioral approaches are not adequately addressing issues related to mental health in this population. Research emerging since the publication of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is advancing our understanding of the nature of childhood stress and trauma in people with ASD and its subsequent impact on mental health and wellbeing. Mounting evidence for stress and trauma as a risk factor for comorbidity and the worsening of core ASD symptoms may intimate a shift in the way clinical social workers and other clinical practitioners conceptualize and approach work with this population to include trauma-focused assessment strategies and clinical interventions. Future directions for research to better understand the nature of childhood stress and trauma and improve mental health in this population are also discussed.
Identifying vulnerable populations among breast cancer survivors.

176Background: Long term survival is common after breast cancer treatment with 5-year survival rate reaching almost 90%. Many breast cancer survivors (BCS) face varying degrees of quality of life (...
Die Einstein-Sitzung der Päpstlichen Akademie

Am 10. November 1979 fand eine Sitzung der Papstlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Rom zu Ehren des 100. Geburtstages von Albert Einstein statt. Den Vorsitz fuhrte Papst Johannes Paul II.
Prostate cancer disparities in Hispanics by country of origin: a nationwide population-based analysis.

We sought to evaluate prostate cancer (PCa) characteristics and outcomes of Hispanics living in the United States by country of origin in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program. Retrospective analysis of 72,134 adult Hispanics with PCa between 1995 and 2014. Origin was Mexican (N = 16,995; 24%), South/Central American (N = 6949; 10%), Puerto Rican (N = 3582; 5%), Cuban (N = 2587; 4%), Dominican (N = 725; 1%), Hispanic not specified (NOS, N = 41,296; 57%), as coded by SEER. Patient and PCa characteristics were analyzed with chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Overall and PCa survival were analyzed with Kaplan–Meier and Cox models adjusting for baseline variables. At diagnosis, Mexicans had more advanced stage, higher prostate-specific antigen, and higher Gleason score while Cubans and Dominicans had more favorable PCa at diagnosis (all P < 0.05). After a median follow-up of 69 months, 20,317 men died, including 6223 PCa deaths. Compared to Mexicans, Cubans (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = [1.14–1.30]) and Puerto Ricans (HR = 1.15 [1.08–1.22]) had worse overall survival while Dominicans (HR = 0.76 [0.64–0.91]), South/Central Americans (HR = 0.68 [0.65–0.72]), and NOS (HR = 0.81 [0.78–0.84]) had better overall survival. Compared to Mexicans, Cubans (HR = 1.08 [0.96–1.22]) and Puerto Ricans (HR = 1.03 [0.92–1.15]) had similar PCa survival while Dominicans (HR = 0.72 [0.53–0.98]), South/Central Americans (HR = 0.67 [0.60–0.74]), and NOS (HR = 0.68 [0.64–0.73]) had significantly better PCa survival. Among Hispanics in the United States, disparities in PCa characteristics and survival by country of origin exist, with Dominicans, South/Central Americans, and Hispanic NOS having better PCa survival compared to Mexicans, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans.
Annotated list of the assassin bugs (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) of Belize, with the description of two new species.

Fifty-one species of Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are recorded from Belize; literature citations are provided where relevant, and specimen data are included for examined material. Thirteen previously-described species are reported from Belize for the first time, ten of which represent new generic records: Eupheno histrionicus Stal, 1862 (Cetherinae); Ghinallelia signoreti (Dohrn, 1860) (Emesinae); Rasahus albomaculatus (Mayr, 1865) (Peiratinae); Leogorrus interruptus Champion, 1899; Microlestria laevis Champion, 1899; Nalata quadrituberculata Champion, 1899; Nalata setulosa Stal, 1862; Pseudozelurus superbus (Champion, 1899); Zelurus spinidorsis (Gray, 1832) (all Reduviinae); Oncerotrachelus conformis Uhler, 1894; Saica fuscipes Stal, 1862 (both Saicinae); Gnathobleda litigiosa Stal, 1862; and Stenopoda wygodzinskyi Giacchi, 1969 (both Stenopodainae). Among the ten subfamilies reported, Belizean records for one subfamily, Saicinae, are reported for the first time. Accompanying the checklist are the descriptions of Castolus omega Swanson sp. nov. (Harpactorinae) and Pygolampis aptena Swanson sp. nov. (Stenopodainae).
Stromal colony-stimulating activity production and myeloid colony- forming cells in human hemopoietic and nonhemopoietic bone marrow

In order to evaluate the role of the stromal bone marrow microenvironment in regulating granulopoiesis, we have examined the capacity of adult human proximal hemopoietic (PH) and distal nonhemopoietic (DNH) long bone to produce colony-stimulating activity (CSA), characterized the cellular sources of CSA, and quantitated the colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) of marrow from these sites. Stromal elements were obtained from slices of cancellous bone. PH bone marrow stroma contained CFU-GM concentrations similar to aspirated PH marrow and significantly more CFU-GM than DNH bone marrow: 20.7 +/- 4.8/10(5) cells and 25.8 +/- 12.0/mg bone versus 0.81 +/- 0.34/10(5) cells and 0.02 +/- 0.01/mg bone (p less than 0.001). Conditioned media prepared from PH and DNH bone were quantitated for CSA by their ability to promote in vitro granulocyte colony formation of nonadherent human marrow cells. Stromal CSA production was destroyed by freeze--thawing and was radioresistant (4400 rad). Of DNH stromal cells, 15%--30% were monocyte-macrophage, but the slow absolute numbers of these cells suggested alternative CSA cellular sources in distal bones. PH stroma produced significantly more CSA than DNH bone stroma: 0.72 +/- 0.10 versus 0.30 +/- 0.06 U/mg bone (p less than 0.01). The CSA concentration gradient between PH and DNH bones may contribute to the regulation of granulopoiesis in marrow and to the absence of hemopoiesis distally.
Impact of charge state on 193 nm ultraviolet photodissociation of protein complexes

As applications in mass spectrometry continue to expand into the field of structural biology, there have been an increasing number of studies on noncovalent biological assemblies. Ensuring that protein complexes maintain native-like conformations and architectures during the transition from solution to the gas phase is a key aim. Probing composition and arrangement of subunits of multi-charged complexes via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) may lead to protein unfolding and the redistribution of charges on the constituent subunits, leading to asymmetric charge partitioning and ejection of a high-charged monomer. Additionally, the overall dissociation efficiency of many ion activation methods is often suppressed for low charge states, hindering the effectiveness of MS/MS for complexes that have low charge density. Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) of proteins using 193 nm photons is a high-energy alternative to collisional activation and demonstrates little to no charge state dependence. Here the symmetry of charge partitioning upon UVPD is evaluated for an array of multimeric protein complexes as a function of initial charge state. The results demonstrate that high laser energies (3 mJ) for UVPD induces more symmetric charge partitioning and ejection of low-charged, presumably compact monomers than higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD).
Assessing the Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Primary High-Risk Truncal/Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcomas: An Analysis of the Multi-institutional U.S. Sarcoma Collaborative.

The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) for high-risk soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is questioned. This study aimed to define which patients may experience a survival advantage with NCT. All the patients from the U.S. Sarcoma Collaborative database (2000–2016) who underwent curative-intent resection of high-grade, primary truncal/extremity STS size 5 cm or larger were included in this study. The primary end points were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Of the 4153 patients, 770 were included in the study. The median tumor size was 10 cm, and 669 of the patients (87%) had extremity tumors. The most common histology was undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), found in 42% of the patients. Of the 770 patients, 216 (28%) received NCT. The patients who received NCT had deeper, larger tumors (p < 0.001). Of the patients with tumors 5 cm or larger and 8 cm or larger, NCT was not associated with improved RFS or OS. However for the patients with tumors 10 cm or larger, NCT was associated with improved 5-year RFS (51% vs 40%; p = 0.053) and 5-year OS (58% vs 47%; p = 0.043). By location, the patients with extremity tumors 10 cm or larger but not truncal tumors had improved 5-yearr RFS (54% vs 42%; p = 0.042) and 5-year OS (61% vs 47%; p = 0.015) with NCT. According to histology, no subtype had improved RFS or OS with NCT, although the patients with UPS had a trend toward improved 5-year RFS (56% vs 42%; p = 0.092) and 5-year OS (66% vs 52%; p = 0.103) with NCT. For the patients with high-grade STS, NCT was associated with improved RFS and OS when tumors were 10 cm or larger and located in the extremity. However, no histiotype-specific advantage was identified. Future studies assessing the efficacy of NCT may consider focusing on these patients, with added focus on histology-specific strategies.
Feasibility and acceptability of a proposed pharmacy-based harm reduction intervention to reduce opioid overdose, HIV and hepatitis C

Abstract Background Evidence-based harm reduction intervention components which might benefit pharmacy patients have not been integrated and studied. Objective To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a proposed pharmacy-based harm reduction intervention to reduce opioid overdose, HIV and hepatitis C called PharmNet. Methods Indiana managing pharmacists were surveyed in 2018 to assess the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention for opioid misuse screening, brief intervention, syringe and naloxone dispensing, and referrals provision. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research informed the survey development and analysis. Results The sample included 303 (30.8%) pharmacists; 215 (70.9%) provided detailed written comments. Intervention Characteristics: 83.3% believed PharmNet would benefit patients, and that staff could deliver the intervention with adequate training (70.0%). Inner Setting: While 77.2% believed their pharmacy culture supported practice change, 57.5% of chain pharmacists believed their pharmacies would not have time for PharmNet. Outer Setting: 73.3% believed additional addiction and overdose screening is needed in their community, and pharmacies should offer new services to help reduce opioid overdose and addiction among their patients (79.5%). A vast majority (97.7%) were asked by patients in the past 2 years about syringe related issues; 67.7% were asked about syringes for non-prescription injection drug use. Individuals Involved: While 62.4% believed PharmNet was within pharmacy scope of practice and 90.1% were comfortable consulting about syringe use, pharmacists reported that they had limited control over the implementation environment. Process: 38.0% of pharmacists indicated interest in advising the development of PharmNet. Conclusions An implementation trial of a modified version of PharmNet is likely feasible; yet will be challenged by structural pressures particularly in chain pharmacies. Successful implementation will involve the development of resources and policy components to manage outer and inner setting characteristics and align the intervention to the implementation environment.
Early Integrated Telehealth versus In-Person Palliative Care for Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer: A Study Protocol.

Abstract Introduction: Early palliative care (PC) integrated with oncology care improves quality of life (QOL), depression symptoms, illness understanding, and end-of-life (EOL) care for patients w...
Secreted Klotho Protects Against Aging-associated Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction via SIRT1 Activation

Background and Objective Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the world. Endothelial dysfunction is an initial step in the development of CHD and may be a critical early ta...
Neural Networks for Real-Time Adaptive Beamforming in Simultaneous Transmit and Receive Digital Phased Arrays: Student Submission

Fully digital phased arrays have become more common as technology advancements have driven down their cost. However, adaptive beamforming techniques can lead to extremely high computational costs when faced with handling the many high-rate data streams created by fully digital arrays. In this work, we focus on the particular challenge of adaptive beamforming for transmit/receive isolation required by Aperture-Level Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (ALSTAR) phased array architectures. We propose that the adaptive transmit and receive beamformers required for a 10-element uniform linear ALSTAR array can be generated by a neural network. In our simulations, the neural network generated beamformers achieved 165.8 dB of effective isotropic isolation at broadside, a gain of 39.7 dB over the non-adaptive beamformers and a loss of only 1.3 dB with respect to the beamformers generated by the ground-truth adaptive beamforming algorithm. This work demonstrates that shallow neural networks are capable of accurately learning the complex input-to-output mapping described by the adaptive beamforming algorithm required for the ALSTAR architecture. We also show that the neural networks generate the required adaptive beamformers to a high precision with a reduced computational complexity (compared to the previously proposed adaptive beamforming algorithm). Because Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementations of neural networks exist and can leverage their highly parallelizable structure, we also suggest that neural networks open a pathway to real-time adaptive beamforming in ALSTAR arrays. This is especially true as the FPGAs integrated into phased array platforms grow in size and performance.