cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urban Form, Individual Spatial Footprints, and Travel: Examination of Space-Use Behavior

Physical planning can benefit from deeper insight into the space-use options that individuals have. This paper examines how individuals' uses of space are related to urban form factors at their residences, after controlling for traffic congestion, weather, and individual or household characteristics. The behavioral data analyzed came from the 2006 Greater Triangle Region Travel Study in North Carolina. Individuals' uses of space were measured by daily activity space—the minimum convex polygon that contains all the daily activity locations—and daily travel distance, and were estimated by the use of spatial regression models. The results showed that the residents of densely developed neighborhoods with more retail stores and better-connected streets generally have a smaller area of daily activity space and a shorter daily travel distance. In addition, urban form factors were compared in terms of their importance in explaining individuals' space-use behavior. It was found that retail mix and street connectiv...
Multiple ubiquitin mRNAs during xenopus laevis development contain tandem repeats of the 76 amino acid coding sequence

Abstract A cDNA clone, pXIgC20, was isolated from a library constructed from poly(A) + RNA from stage 10 X. laevis gastrulae. This sequence hybridizes with up to nine different RNA species ranging in size from 1600 to 3500 nucleotides, regularly spaced at intervals of about 230 nucleotides. Clone pXIgC20 contains two complete repeats of a 228 bp sequence as well as part of a third repeat, all adjacent and in the same orientation. One possible translational reading frame in pXIgC20 completely spans the repeat sequences, coding for a protein composed of tandem 76 amino acid units. The amino acid sequence of each unit completely matches that of human ubiquitin. Ubiquitin is translated in the form of a multimeric precursor molecule containing several units. We show that genomic DNA fragments exist that contain at least 12 of these units in tandem and propose that the different mRNA size classes vary in their number of ubiquitin coding sequences.
Polarization in π − p elastic scattering at 1180, 1250, and 1360 MeV/ c

We have measured the polarization parameter in ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ elastic scattering at laboratory momenta of 1180, 1250, and 1360 MeV/c in the angular interval $65\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}l{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}l115\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$. The results were used to show that the polarized target used in these (and other similar) experiments was uniformly polarized. These measurements were also used to resolve pre-existing experimental discrepancies in the determination of the polarization parameter, and to clarify the behavior of scattering amplitudes in this energy range. We show that local measurements of this type are important in resolving discrete ambiguities affecting the energy continuation of the amplitudes. An important by-product of this experiment is the development of a fast method of reconstructing particle trajectories and fitting the elastic events, which could have a significant impact for future high-statistics experiments.
Preparation of Stable, Granular Formulations ContainingFusarium oxysporumPathogenic to Narcotic Plants☆

Abstract Biomass of formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum pathogenic to the narcotic plants coca ( Erythroxylum coca ) and opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum ) was incorporated into wheat flour–kaolin granules (Pesta). Shelf life (inoculum viability) of samples with the coca pathogen (strain EN4-S; 2.6 × 10 7 colony-forming units (cfu)/g, mostly chlamydospores) was at least 1 year at 35°C when stored at a water activity ( a W ) of 0.12 (equal to 12% relative humidity) and 2 years when stored at 25°C. Shelf life of samples with the poppy pathogen (strain CP3A; 3.4 × 10 7 cfu/g, mostly microconidia) was about 10 months at 33°C and 0.33 a W . Shelf life was maximized by optimizing water activity (near 0.12 a W for F. oxysporum ) and incorporating at least 5 × 10 6 cfu/g of chlamydospore inoculum. Multikilogram quantities of granular formulations were produced by scaling up the production process by using twin-screw extrusion and fluid-bed drying.
Comment on ``carbon isotope systematics of a mantle hotspot: a comparison of Loihi Seamount and MORB glasses'' by R.A. Exley, D.P. Mattey, D.A. Clague and C.T. Pillinger

Commentaire sur l'article de R.A. Exley, D. P. Mattey, D. A. Clague et C. T. Pillinger paru dans Earth planet. sci. Letters, NLD, 1986, 78, 189-199
Nogo 3′-untranslated region CAA insertion: failure to replicate association with schizophrenia and demonstration of marked population difference in frequency of the insertion

Abstract Novak et al. [Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 107 (2002) 183] reported that a CAA insertion in the 3′-untranslated region of the Nogo gene was associated with schizophrenia. We examined the frequency of this CAA insertion in 57 European American subjects with schizophrenia and 243 controls, and in a smaller group of African American subjects (N=72; 20 with schizophrenia). We found a similar frequency of the CAA insertion for patients and controls in both populations, but a large difference in CAA insertion frequency between the two racial groups.
Study of the Impact of Change of Clearance on the Flow Field and Rotordynamic Coefficients for a Smooth, Whirling Annular Seal

The flow field and the rotordynamic coefficients for a smooth, whirling annular seal were investigated by means of a CFD study involving a full 3D model. The preliminary model (of clearance 1.27mm) was validated by comparison to existing experimental flow field data after which CFD simulations were made for a smaller clearance (0.127mm). The flow field changed significantly with the change in clearance and it was seen that the larger clearance showed an inertia dominated flow regime as opposed to the viscous flow regime for the small clearance. Upon the implementation of Childs’ theory for the computation of rotordynamic coefficients, it was observed that forces for the larger clearance did not exhibit the whirl ratio dependence assumed in this theory. The smaller clearance however showed the expected trend with values of the coefficients in the range predicted.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Falsification and Belief

In general, there are two main approaches to settling the alleged conflict between religion and science. On the first approach, one argues that there is not even the possibility of such a conflict, since the uses of religious utterances are sufficiently different from those of scientific ones to constitute them a distinct logical type. Thus, if religion appears to conflict with science, either this is merely an appearance, or else one of them, at least, is also performing the function of the other, in which case their conflict is really either a scientific conflict or a religious conflict. In no case, however, can the truth of a scientific utterance be any reason for inferring the falsity of a religious one, and much less can it be any reason for entertaining doubts about the religious utterance's logical propriety.
FAST observations of the solar illumination dependence of upflowing electron beams in the auroral zone

[1] Electron beams accelerated upward out of the ionosphere are commonly observed in the auroral acceleration region. We present a statistical study of their distribution in magnetic local time, invariant latitude, and altitude, and its dependence on whether the ionospheric foot point of the satellite is illuminated or dark. The occurrence probability maximizes at ∼12% near 70° invariant latitude (ILAT) and midnight when the ionosphere is in darkness, and at ∼1% near ∼78° ILAT from ∼0600 to 1300 magnetic local time (MLT) when the ionosphere is illuminated. When the ionosphere is in darkness, there is approximately an order of magnitude increase in the probability from ∼1000 to ∼4000 km in almost all local time sectors. When the ionosphere is sunlit, the rapid increase begins at a higher altitude, ∼2500 km. The probability also increases with solar zenith angle, with the increase being slower and occurring at a higher solar zenith angle at lower altitudes. These observations are consistent with a scale-height and density-dependent mechanism for the parallel potential in the downward current region. More than 90% of the observed upflowing electron beams have characteristic energies between ∼50 and ∼300 eV. The statistical results suggest that there are many more beams with durations of <5 s (latitude widths of <0.2°) and with lower energies.
Transient acoustic radiation from impacted beam-like structures

Abstract Transient acoustic radiation from transverse vibrations of beams and beam-like structures is obtained by modelling the structure as a series of contiguous dipoles. A time-dependent expression is developed for sound radiation from a dipole source by Fourier synthesis. Acoustic radiation from the beam is obtained by integrating the sound pressure from the differential dipole elements over the beam length. Time-dependent integration limits are used to account for the transient effects. An analogous discrete formulation is described for beams of arbitrary geometry and density. The radiation patterns of a uniform unbaffled beam are given for frequencies below and above the critical frequency. The results are applied to model the sound radiation from an impact-excited beam.
An incremental algorithm for building temporal quadtrees

Research involving applications such as geographic information systems, digital cartography, machine-drawing understanding systems, and medical imaging systems has recently focused considerable attention on spatial databases that support temporal reasoning. To develop such applications, several spatiotemporal data models have been proposed. In this work, an incremental algorithm is presented for building temporal quadtrees from a sequence of time-stamped grids. The temporal quadtree data model is particularly well-suited for applications involving highly homogeneous spatiotemporal data. Analysis of the algorithm reveals that an upper bound on its execution time is proportional to the product of the number of time-stamped grids involved and the number of cells in each grid.
Intestinal metabolism of fructose.

. The metabolism of fructose by the small intestine can be analyzed in terms of the following scheme: 1) hydrolysis of fructose containing saccharides especially sucrose; 2) movement of fructose into the intestinal cell; 3) transformation of fructose into glycolytic metabolic intermediates; 4) formation of fructose from glucose via sorbitol; 5) adaptive regulation of fructose metabolizing enzymes; 6) adaptive responses of other enzymes to fructose. The hydrolysis of sucrose is dependent upon the brush border enzyme sucrase which shows an adaptive response to sucrose diets. The entrance of fructose into the small intestine and the intermediary metabolism of fructose is reviewed. Fructose metabolizing enzymes, fructokinase and fructose-1-phosphate aldolase, are regulated by the presence or absence of fructose, folic acid and drugs. Fructose causes adaptive changes in small intestine glycolytic enzymes and decreases the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-diphosphatase. Actinomycin D inhibits the adaptive effect of fructose on glycolytic enzymes which suggests that fructose acts via the protein synthetic mechanism.
Colorimetry in Parafoveal Fields.* I. Color-Matching Functions

Minor defects in the 1931 CIE Standard Observer System, derived from 2° foveal viewing conditions, have increased interest in large parafoveal viewing fields. As the parafoveal region of the retina gives rod as well as cone responses, the CIE is considering a new observer system (recommended for adoption at the June 1963 CIE meetings in Vienna, Austria, by the Experts of Committee E 1.3.1) in which contributions of the rods to over-all vision have been removed so that the system reflects only the cone response. The author, a normal trichromat in 2° foveal vision, has measured his 10°-field color-matching functions on the Wright visual tristimulus colorimeter. These color-matching functions, reported here, are compared with other such data, and with data taken for foveal, parafoveal, and extrafoveal fields. The author’s 10°-field data confirm, with the retinal illuminance achieved in the Wright visual tristimulus colorimeter, that rod responses are an important part of the total visual response. It is concluded that rod responses should not be neglected in color-matching with retinal illumination less than 1000 trolands.
Risk of adverse events after coronary artery bypass graft and subsequent noncardiac surgery.

Aims: Coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs) are increasingly performed in elderly patients. Risk factors and outcomes are poorly described for those undergoing noncardiac surgery within 1 year after CABG. Our objectives were to assess the risk and predictors of major adverse events associated with noncardiac surgery within 1 year after CABG. Methods: In a retrospective review of medical records at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN, USA), over a period of 5 years, we identified patients who underwent noncardiac procedures within 1 year post-CABG. All events that occurred within 30 days after noncardiac surgery and deaths within 1 year after noncardiac surgery were considered to be related to CABG. Results: We identified 211 patients; of these, 21 patients had 24 adverse events. Within 1 year, 11 died, and within the first 30 days, three myocardial infarctions, six acute congestive heart failure episodes, three cerebrovascular accidents and one deep vein thrombosis episode had occurred. Predictors of an adverse ev...
Breath condensate pH in children with cystic fibrosis and asthma: a new noninvasive marker of airway inflammation?

Study objectives The noninvasive assessment and monitoring of airway inflammation could be important in respiratory disease. The pH of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a promising marker. Although pH has been measured in the EBC of adults with inflammatory airway diseases, no study has measured this in children. Design This study aimed to assess whether there is a change in pH in the EBC of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma, and to try to determine whether pH could be used as a marker of airway inflammation. Furthermore, the relationships among EBC pH, severity of disease, and oxidative stress were studied. Patients and methods We studied 20 children with CF (mean [± SEM] age, 7 ± 3 years), 20 children with asthma (mean age, 7 ± 2 years), and 15 age-matched healthy children (mean age, 7 ± 2 years). The pH of EBC was measured using a pH meter. Measurements and results Lower pH values were observed in the EBC of children with CF and asthma compared to control subjects (mean pH, 7.23 ± 0.03 and 7.42 ± 0.01 vs 7.85 ± 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, relationships among EBC pH, severity of asthma, and the presence of an infective exacerbation of CF was found. There was a negative correlation between exhaled pH and exhaled leukotriene B 4 concentrations ( r = −0.5; p Conclusion We conclude that the measurement of EBC pH may be useful in the evaluation of airway inflammation in children with asthma and CF.
New Urbanism and Selection Bias in the Formation of Social Capital

Over the past several decades, there has been a decline in social capital in American communities. New urbanism has been proposed as a tool to reverse some of this decline. This study seeks to understand the potential benefits of new urbanism in terms of social capital. Differences in social capital between a new urbanist subdivision (NUS) and a standard suburban subdivision (SSS) are compared. The findings of this study suggest that residents of NUSs have more social capital than residents of SSSs. However, many of the differences between the two communities disappeared when a social bias control was added to the model.
Effect of glutathione peroxidase activity on lipid peroxidation in biological membranes

Results are presented indicating that, although glutathione peroxidase activity inhibits lipid peroxidation in membranes, it does not appear to do so by reducing membrane lipid peroxides to lipid alcohols, as has been shown by others to be the case for free fatty acid peroxides in solution. Lipid peroxidation was studied in an enzymic system (microsomal NADPH oxidase) and in a non-enzymic system (mitochondria plus ascorbate). A study of the fatty acids in the phospholipids of microsomes and mitochondria demonstrated that detectable amounts of hydroxy fatty acids were not formed in the membranes when the latter were incubated in the presence of the glutathione peroxidase system even under conditions known to have generated significant levels of lipid peroxides in the membrane. Fatty acid analyses of the microsomal and mitochondrial particles indicated that glutathione peroxidase activity inhibited loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids when these organelles were exposed to peroxidizing conditions. If glutathione peroxidase activity were inhibiting the formation of malondialdehyde (a product of lipid peroxidation) by converting peroxide groups to alcohols, the loss of the constitutive polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane should not have been appreciably affected by addition of the peroxidase system. The protective effect cannot be due to quenching of an autocatalytic type of lipid peroxidation (at least in the microsomal system) since it has been established that the microsomal enzyme system (NADPH oxidase) catalyzes a continuous attack on microsomal polyunsaturated fatty acyl groups during the reaction and that the peroxidative process is not autocatalytic in nature. It appears, therefore, that glutathione peroxidase activity must exert its effect on this system by preventing free radical attack on the polyunsaturated membrane lipids in the first place. A possible mechanism for the interruption of a free radical attack on the lipids is proposed.
A world economic equalization program: Refinements and sensitivity analysis

Abstract This paper refines and updates a computer simulation experiment in world economic development originally described in an article published in 1976. The results of the experiment suggest that a dramatic amount of equalization in living standards across the world could be achieved by means of a major economic development program, at the minor cost of a modest retardation in the rate of growth of living standards in the richer contributing regions. Sensitivity experiments further suggest that this basic result is not unduly diminished by reasonable variations in the parameters of the model. It is concluded that the aspirations embodied in calls for a New International Economic Order (NIEO) may not be as Utopian as they are often assumed to be by Western economists.
The historical evolution of the Department of Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program.

The intent of this article is to provide historical information limited to the early phases of the work and the recall of the many participants involved in the development of the Department of Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VA NSQIP). This article is meant to fill in a 13-year historical reference gap from the enactment of Public Law 99-166 in December, 1985 to publications related to VA NSQIP beginning in 1998. In 1984, to obtain the necessary VA authority to measure VA surgical care in comparison with private sector surgical care, Dr Gerald McDonald, then Associate Director of Surgery in the VA Central Office, initiated a request to Congress for enactment of a public law. Dr McDonald stated that his initiative was not due to external or internal criticism of a presumed high VA operative mortality (personal communication). The Department of Veterans Affairs was required to begin exploration of the measurement of surgical quality of care by the enactment of Public Law 99-166, section 204, December 3, 1985. This law stated: The VA Chief Medical Director shall:
Disparities in Mental Health Service Utilization among Low-Income African American Adolescents: Closing the Gap by Enhancing Practitioner’s Competence

The lack of racial and ethnic match as a barrier to care in mental health treatment services has received considerable attention. In systems of care, which provide public mental health services to African American adolescents, the provider base is largely non-African American. This difference presents a challenge for African American adolescents and their parents who want a provider who is sensitive to the issues, which define their lives. Racial disparities in the utilization of mental health treatment services are well documented; and many providers want to development mental health treatment interventions, which increase access and utilization. However, the findings associated with increasing access and utilization are generally predicated on the structural barriers to care. Very little attention has been given to the non-structural barriers for access to and utilization of mental health treatment services. The purpose of this paper is to increase practitioners’ knowledge of the interpersonal barriers to treatment, which can result from the socio-cultural environment of many African American adolescents. Enhancing the provider knowledge base is viewed as one strategy to closing the racial disparity gap in access to and utilization of adolescent mental health services for African Americans.
Phase distribution in complex geometry conduits

Abstract Bubbly air/water two-phase flow data have been taken as an isosceles triangle using hot film probes. It was found that a 3-D two-fluid model was able to predict these data and those taken previously in circular conduits. It appears that mechanically-based CFD predictions of bubbly two-phase flows is possible for many cases of practical concern.
The Whale Shark in the Waters Around Ceylon

FROM time to time since 1862, whale sharks have been reported from the waters around Ceylon. In addition a number of incidental accounts based on erroneous identifications have been published. In the progress of an article on the geographical distribution of this great fish, these references have been looked up and it now seems a good opportunity to set forth the accurate accounts and designate those which are erroneous.
Protein phosphatases 2A and 1 interact with occludin and negatively regulate the assembly of tight junctions in the CACO-2 cell monolayer

Occludin is hyperphosphorylated on Ser and Thr residues in intact epithelial tight junction (TJ); however, the role of this phosphorylation in the assembly of TJ is unclear. The influence of protein phosphatases PP2A and PP1 on the assembly of TJ and phosphorylation of occludin was evaluated in Caco-2 cells. Protein phosphatase inhibitors and reduced expression of PP2A-Cα and PP1α accelerated the calcium-induced increase in transepithelial electrical resistance and barrier to inulin permeability and also enhanced the junctional organization of occludin and ZO-1 during TJ assembly. Phosphorylation of occludin on Thr residues, but not on Ser residues, was dramatically reduced during the disassembly of TJ and was gradually increased during the reassembly. PP2A and PP1 co-immunoprecipitate with occludin, and this association was reduced during the assembly of TJ. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay using recombinant GST-occludin demonstrated that cellular PP2A and PP1 bind to the C-terminal tail of occludin, and these interactions were also reduced during the assembly of TJ. A pairwise binding assay using GST-occludin and purified PP2A and PP1 demonstrates that PP2A and PP1 directly interacts with the C-terminal tail of occludin. In vitro incubation of phospho-occludin with PP2A or PP1 indicated that PP2A dephosphorylates occludin on phospho-Thr residues, whereas PP1 dephosphorylates it on phospho-Ser. This study shows that PP2A and PP1 directly interact with occludin and negatively regulate the assembly of TJ by modulating the phosphorylation status of occludin.
Translating scientific advances to improved outcomes for children with sickle cell disease: a timely opportunity

Despite the recent advances made in the care of children with sickle cell disease (SCD), premature mortality, especially among older children and young adults, remains a hallmark of this disease. The lack of survival gains highlights the translational gap of implementing innovations found efficacious in the controlled trial setting into routine clinical practice. Health services research (HSR) examines the most effective ways to finance, organize, and deliver high quality care in an equitable manner. To date, HSR has been underutilized as a means to improve the outcomes for children with SCD. Emerging national priorities in health care delivery, new sources of funding, and evolving electronic data collection systems for patients with SCD have provided a unique opportunity to overcome the translational gap in pediatric SCD. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive HSR agenda to create patient-specific evidence of clinical effectiveness for interventions used in the routine care setting, understand the barriers faced by clinicians to providing high quality care, assess and improve the interactions of patients with the health care system, and measure the quality of care delivered to increase survival for all children and young adults with SCD.
Results from the Analysis of Crystal Ball Meson Production Measurements at BNL

The Crystal Ball spectrometer, with its nearly complete angular coverage, is an efficient detector of photon and neutron final states. While installed in the C6 beamline of the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) of Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), this feature was used in a series of precise measurements of reactions with all-neutral final states. Here we concentrate on the analysis of data from the pion-induced reactions: π-p → γn, π0n, ηn, and π0π0n.
Effects of Stocking Rate, Breed and Stage of Production on Energy Expenditure and Activity of Meat Goat Does on Pasture

Abstract Beker, A., Gipson, T.A., Puchala, R., Askar, A.R., Tesfai, K., Detweiler, G.D., Asmare, A. and Goetsch, A.L. 2009. Effects of stocking rate, breed and stage of production on energy expenditure and activity of meat goat does on pasture. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 36: 159–174. Sixteen Boer and 16 Spanish multiparous does were used to determine how stocking rate (SR), breed and stage of production influence energy expenditure and behavioral activities on pasture and to develop a simple method of predicting energy used for activity. The experiment began in late spring at an average of 24 d after kidding. Litter size was two and kids were Boer and Spanish. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. There were five periods, 56, 60, 63, 64 and 73 d in length, corresponding to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation and mid-gestation. During period 1 and the first part of period 2, two additional does with kids of each breed grazed in four High SR pastur...
Phytogeography and paleoclimatic interpretation of the Maestrichtian

Abstract Insight into the true nature of Cretaceous climate can best be grained through a worldwide study of the preserved climatic indicators. This study focuses on reconstructing the climate of the Maestrichtian (latest Cretaceous) based on the abundant published information from the geologic record. Specifically, the approach taken was to reconstruct the general patterns of the terrestrial ecological biomes based on the fossil megaflora and pollen record. Once the biomes were delineated, the climatic constraints on the present counterparts of these biomes were used to determine the prevailing climate of each region. Biome boundaries were recognized by discontinuities in the phytogeographic distributions of a variety of fossil plant groups. Detailed comparisons of fossil plant assemblages with present-day climatic preferences of nearest living relatives allowed each region to be assigned to a modern biome. Further comparisons with fossil leaf physiognomic studies and tree ring studies, integrated with an extensive database of climatically important sediments, helped to refine the biomal and climatic assignments. Altogether, 12 climatic zones corresponding to 7 major biome types have been recognized for the Late Cretaceous period.
Effect of Spatial Scale on Modeling and Predicting Mean Cavity Tree Density: A Comparison of Modeling Methods

Cavity trees are integral components of healthy forest ecosystems and provide habitat and shelter for a wide variety of wildlife species. Thus, monitoring and predicting cavity tree abundance is an important part of forest management and wildlife conservation. However, cavity trees are relatively rare and their abundance can vary dramatically among forest stands, even when the stands are similar in most other respects. This makes it difficult to model and predict cavity tree density. We utilized data from the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project to show that it is virtually impossible to accurately predict cavity tree occurrence for individual trees or to predict mean cavity tree abundance for individual forest stands. However, we further show that it is possible to model and predict mean cavity tree density for larger spatial areas. We illustrate the prediction error monotonically decreases as the spatial scale of predictions in-creases. We successfully explored the utility of three classes of models for predicting cavity tree probability/density: logistic regression, neural network, and classification and regression tree (CART). The results provide valuable insights into methods for landscape-scale mapping of cavity trees for wildlife habitat management, and also on sample size determination for cavity tree surveys and monitoring.
Focusing and collimating laser diodes and laser diode arrays

Computer-generated holograms for laser diode (LD) focusing are described. A quantitative description of design tradeoffs is given. The LD parameters (not parallel input light) are included. Multiple CGH lenses, nonequal focal lengths in x and y, positive and negative focal lengths in the same lens, circular focal spots and equal variance focal spots, attention to focusing angles, and 1-D LD array collimation for optical data processing applications are considered.
Iowa family physician's reporting of elder abuse

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine family practice physician's knowledge of state laws regarding elder abuse, perceived barriers to reporting suspected cases of elder abuse, and factors associated with reporting elder abuse in practice. Methods: Mailed questionnaire to 1,030 Iowa Academy of Family Practice Physicians with 378 (37%) returned. Chi-square tests modified for trend and stepwise logistic regression were used to determine influences on whether physicians saw a case of elder abuse in the past year, and whether physicians chose to report those cases. Results: A strong predictor for number of cases seen and if cases had been reported, was the physician asking the elderly patient direct questions about elder mistreatment. Other positive associations were if the physician's office had a protocol for reporting elder abuse, and if physicians lived in the most rural areas. Conclusion: Knowledge of elder abuse legislation increases physician likelihood of reporting elder abuse, but not of seeing cases of eld...
Tricyclic antidepressants: effects on the firing rate of brain noradrenergic neurons

Abstract The spontaneous activity of the norepinephrine-containing cells of the locus coeruleus was recorded in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats. The effect of seven tricyclic antidepressants on the firing rate of single cells in the locus coeruleus was studied. All the drugs tested, except iprindole markedly decreased the rate of firing of the noradrenergic cells. Antidepressants having a secondary amine in the side chain, desipramine, nortriptyline and chlordesipramine, were more potent than their respective tertiary amine analogues, imipramine, amitriptyline and chlorimipramine. Alteration of the rate drug metabolism by pretreatment with SKF-525 A or phenobarbital did not change the doses of tertiary antidepressants required to decrease norepinephrine cell firing. Depletion of the norepinephrine stores by pretreatment with α-methyl-p-tyrosine and reserpine markedly increased the dose of desipramine required to depress the norepinephrine cells. The results are in good agreement with previous studies showing that secondary amine antidepressants are more potent than their tertiary amine homologues in blocking the uptake of norepinephrine into brain and peripheral tissues. Despite their lower potency it is concluded that tertiary antidepressants act on noradrenergic neurons in their unchanged form and not via secondary amine metabolites formed during the recording experiments since alterations in liver metabolism did not influence the response. The findings are consistent with the suggestion made from studies on transmitter turnover that antidepressants by inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine cause a stimulation of postsynaptic receptors which decreases the activity of the presynaptic neurons by a feed-back mechanism. This view is further supported by the finding of an inverse relation between the norepinephrine content of the brain and the dose of desipramine required to decrease the firing rate of the noradrenergic neurons.
Fermiology and superconducting gap anisotropy of cuprate superconductors

Recent experiments demonstrate that high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission is a unique new experimental tool to address key issues of high-temperature superconductors such as the low-energy excitations above Tc and the superconducting gap anisotropy below Tc.
Priapus as wooden god: confronting manufacture and destruction

quodsi in animum quis inducat, tormentis quibus et quibus machinis simulacrum omne formetur, erubescet timere se materiem ab artifice, ut deum faceret, inlusam. deus enim ligneus, rogi fortasse vel infelicis stipitis portio, suspenditur, caeditur, dolatur, runcinatur; et deus aereus vel argenteus de immundo vasculo, ut saepius factum Aegyptio regi, conflatur, tunditur malleis et incudibus figuratur; et lapideus deus caeditur, scalpitur et ab impurato homine levigatur, nec sentit suae nativitatis iniuriam, ita ut nec postea de vestra veneratione culturam. nisi forte nondum deus saxum est vel lignum vel argentum. quando igitur hic nascitur? ecce funditur, fabricatur, sculpitur: nondum deus est; ecce plumbatur, construitur, erigitur: nec adhuc deus est; ecce ornatur, consecratur, oratur; tunc postremo deus est, cum homo illum voluit et dedicavit. (Minucius Felix, Oct. 22)
Columbia space shuttle: Failure analysis of a fuel valve

A crater was formed on a fuel valve of the Columbia by an unknown high-temperature heat source during re-entry and catastrophic failure of the space shuttle. Stereomicroscopy, light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze the failure. Aluminum deposits were found on the surface of the valve as well as on the fracture surface, indicative of molten deposition during breakup of the Columbia. The area around the crater contained higher-than-usual levels of delta ferrite, probably because of reheating of the valve into the ferrite region during re-entry and then slow cooling as a result of the descent to earth.
A Meta‐analysis of Complications Attributed to Anticoagulation among Patients following Cutaneous Surgery

BACKGROUNDThe frequency of postoperative bleeding and other complications in anticoagulated patients undergoing cutaneous surgery has not been firmly established and consensus on perioperative continuation of treatment is lacking.OBJECTIVEThe objective was to ascertain the risk of postoperative comp
Manipulation of TGF-β to control autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases

Defining the mechanisms whereby transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) controls physiologic inflammation and the immune response and how it contributes to pathology when it is dysregulated is critical to our ability to manipulate the levels and activity of this potent cytokine for therapeutic benefit. In keeping with its dichotomous nature, recent evidence suggests that overproduction and/or activation contribute to persistent inflammation and that antagonists of TGF-β delivered locally can break the cycle of leukocyte recruitment and fibrotic sequelae. On the other hand, systemic routing of TGF-β can also inhibit inflammatory pathogenesis by multiple mechanisms as exemplified by systemic injections of the protein and by recent gene transfer studies. In addition, enhanced levels of circulating endogenous TGF-β appear to be an instrument of suppression during the development of oral tolerance, cyclosporin treatment, and following administration of retinoic acid. Although treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases is an important goal, the multiplicity of actions of TGF-β and the nearly ubiquitous expression of TGF-β and its receptors dictate a cautious approach to the use of this powerful cytokine as a therapeutic agent.
Distributed cell-averaging CFAR detection in dependent sensors

Constant false alarm rate detection is considered in a decentralized, two-sensor context. Cases with observations which are dependent from sensor to sensor are investigated, for which results have been lacking. The in-phase and quadrature components of the received narrowband observation at each sensor consist of a common weak random signal in additive Gaussian combined clutter and noise. The sensors use cell-averaging CFAR tests to each generate binary decisions which are sent to a fusion center. Optimal sensor thresholds are found and the performance of the best schemes using AND and OR fusion rules are compared. The ability of these schemes to maintain constant false alarm probability in the presence of clutter edges is also studied. >
Cables1 controls p21/Cip1 protein stability by antagonizing proteasome subunit alpha type 3.

Cables1 controls p21/Cip1 protein stability by antagonizing proteasome subunit alpha type 3
Modeling inventory requirements to optimize supply chain management in public healthcare facilities

Over $270M dollars were spent on medical supplies in a regional hospital system, consisting of eight hospitals and twenty-four outpatient clinics, in Federal fiscal year 2012. In this period of heightened fiscal austerity, the need to maximize savings is more apparent than ever. An opportunity to decrease expenditures through the standardization of medical supplies has been identified through standardization of inventory items. This study attempts to determine what product characteristics will result in the greatest cost savings through the establishment of indefinite quantity contracts through a sensitivity analysis of a Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation will also examine acquisition activity costs and their impact on savings, and the findings will be used to sequence strategic sourcing efforts by identifying buy characteristics most likely to generate savings of 15%-35% per item. Data from hospitals of varying complexities will be used to validate the model and determine applicability to other facilities.
On the complexity of edge traversing

It is shown that the Chinese Postman Problem, although tractable in the totally directed and the totally undirected cases, is NP-complete in the mixed case. A simpler version of the same problem is shown algorithmically equivalent to the max-flow problem with unit edge capacities.
Critique and Analysis in Media Studies: Media Criticism as Practical Action:

Practitioners in media studies have generated varying styles of research: critiques, analyses, polemics, etc., each of which is a different form of discourse. In the course of evaluating such resea...
Exposure to High or Low Glucose Levels Accelerates the Appearance of Markers of Endothelial Cell Senescence and Induces Dysregulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase

To test the hypothesis that aging impairs endothelial cell response to glucose stress, we utilized a human umbilical vein endothelial cell in vitro model in which clinically relevant concentrations of normal (5.5 mM), high (25 mM), and low (1.5mM) glucose were tested. With advancing population doubling, exposure to normal glucose gradually decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and activity, resulting in slow, progressive development of markers of cell senescence (by population doubling level [PDL] 44). High or low glucose treatment accelerated the appearance of markers of senescence (by ~PDL 35) along with declines in endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and activity. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to alternating low and high glucose gave even more rapid acceleration in the appearance of markers of senescence (by ~PDL 18) and reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels. Thus, exposure to low and high glucose induces earlier appearance of markers of endothelial cell senescence and dysregulation of the nitric oxide synthase gene and protein expression and function. These findings will help to elucidate endothelial dysfunction associated with glucose intolerance and improve future therapy for diabetic seniors.
Long Term Follow Up of Pediatric ACL Reconstruction in New York State: High Rates of Subsequent ACL Reconstruction.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to determine the rate of subsequent ACL reconstruction and additional non-ACL knee surgery in children that had previously undergone ACL reconstruction in New York State. The secondary aim was to assess factors associated with additional ACL and non-ACL knee surgery.
Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli-Induced Pneumonia in Three Kittens and Fecal Prevalence in a Clinically Healthy Cohort Population

Three kittens, ages 5, 9, and 17 weeks, were found dead by separate caregivers and were submitted for necropsy. At gross necropsy, each kitten had hemorrhagic or bloody fibrinoserous thoracic fluid and differing distributions of pulmonary consolidation. On histologic examination, the pulmonary lesion in each kitten was similar and was characterized by acute necrotizing and hemorrhagic pneumonia and pleuritis, with numerous intralesional small Gram-negative rods. A pure culture of a distinct serotype of Escherichia coli was identified in lung tissue from each kitten (O4:H5, O6:H7, O6:H5). Lung isolates, genotyped by polymerase chain reaction, carried genes that are characteristic of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), including cnf-1, papG allele I, papA, papC, sfa, fim, hlyD, malX, iroN, fyuA, kpsMII, and ompT. Escherichia coli isolates from the intestines of 2 of the kittens were 100% related to the respective lung isolate, as determined by pulsed- field gel electrophoresis. Cultures of fecal samples collected from a clinically healthy cohort population of kittens revealed 16 of 19 tested kittens (84%) to be shedding hemolytic E. coli. Ten different serotypes were identified from 43 hemolytic E. coli fecal isolates from the cohort population, each of which had a genetic profile consistent with that typical of ExPEC. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to describe a cluster of isolated cases of pneumonia in kittens caused by distinct serotypes of ExPEC and to evaluate the prevalence of hemolytic E. coli carrying ExPEC-associated genes in the feces of a cohort population of kittens.
SoKey: New security architecture for zero-possibility private information leak in social networking applications

We propose new security architecture, Socially Keyed (SoKey) architecture, to achieve zero possibility for personal information leak from social network sites (SNS). SoKey makes sure that the private information provided to a social networking server will never leak even in the worst cases, such as when the security administrators involve in information thefts, at the same time it allows flexible access controls to the users who have access permission. The master key server is also introduced, which guarantees no possible leak of the master keys. We designed and conducted a questionnaire to study how much SoKey would contribute to SNS users by mitigating or eliminating their fear for possible information leak. We found that SoKey will contribute to the people who are already using a social networking application.
CO2 dissociation on rhodium: measurement of the specific rates on Rh(111)

The measured rates for CO, dissociation on Rh(ll1) are reported for a Ha/CO, reaction mixture at a total pressure of 100 Torr and a CO, partial pressure of 1 Torr. The activation energy associated with the conversion of CO, to CO is 17 kcal/mol. The reaction probabilities for CO, dissociation range from 10-s at 750 K to 10-s at 444 K. The probability of CO, dissociation on Rh(ll1) is shown to be on the order of lo-” at 300 K rather than the previously reported value near 10-l.
Development of binocular vision in the kitten's striate cortex

Studies of the development and plasticity of the visual pathway are well documented, but a basic question remains open: what is the physiological status of the system prior to extensive visual experience? Somewhat conflicting answers have been put forward, and in a major area, binocular vision, reports have ranged from severe immaturity to well-developed maturity. This is an important question to resolve since binocular cells in the visual cortex are thought to be the neural substrate for stereoscopic depth perception. We have addressed this question by recording from single cells in the striate cortex of kittens at postnatal ages 2, 3, and 4 weeks and from adults for comparison. Gratings with sinusoidal luminance distribution are presented to left, right, or both eyes. For each cell, we determine optimal values for orientation and spatial frequency. Relative phase (retinal disparity) is then varied in a dichoptic sequence so that binocular interaction may be studied. Results are as follows. In the normal adult, we have shown in previous work that most binocular interaction in the visual cortex can be accounted for on the basis of linear summation. Results from 3 and 4 week postnatal kittens are closely similar to those from adults. All types of binocular interaction found in adults are present in kittens. This includes phase-specific and non-phase-specific suppression or facilitation. Furthermore, monocular and binocular tuning characteristics are comparable in kittens and adults. The clear changes that occur with age are optimal spatial frequencies and peak responses. In addition, at 2 weeks, there is a substantially higher proportion of monocular cells compared to other ages and correspondingly, lower relative numbers of cells that exhibit phase-specific or suppressive binocular interactions. From increases in optimal spatial frequency and interpupillary distance with age, we calculated predicted changes in binocular disparity thresholds (stereo acuity) with age. Although there are methodological limits with respect to the behavioral testing of young kittens, the predicted results are comparable to some of the values obtained. Considered together, our results show that the physiological apparatus for binocular vision is functional at an early stage in postnatal development. It is possible that the connections that underlie this function are developed rapidly during early postnatal experience. An alternative possibility is that there is an elaborate genetic organization of binocular vision, but our study does not address this issue directly. A combination of these factors may be applicable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)