cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
History of nutrient inputs to the northeastern United States, 1930–2000

[1] Humans have dramatically altered nutrient cycles at local to global scales. We examined changes in anthropogenic nutrient inputs to the northeastern United States (NE) from 1930 to 2000. We created a comprehensive time series of anthropogenic N and P inputs to 437 counties in the NE at 5 year intervals. Inputs included atmospheric N deposition, biological N2 fixation, fertilizer, detergent P, livestock feed, and human food. Exports included exports of feed and food and volatilization of ammonia. N inputs to the NE increased throughout the study period, primarily due to increases in atmospheric deposition and fertilizer. P inputs increased until 1970 and then declined due to decreased fertilizer and detergent inputs. Livestock consistently consumed the majority of nutrient inputs over time and space. The area of crop agriculture declined during the study period but consumed more nutrients as fertilizer. We found that stoichiometry (N:P) of inputs and absolute amounts of N matched nutritional needs (livestock, humans, crops) when atmospheric components (N deposition, N2 fixation) were not included. Differences between N and P led to major changes in N:P stoichiometry over time, consistent with global trends. N:P decreased from 1930 to 1970 due to increased inputs of P, and increased from 1970 to 2000 due to increased N deposition and fertilizer and decreases in P fertilizer and detergent use. We found that nutrient use is a dynamic product of social, economic, political, and environmental interactions. Therefore, future nutrient management must take into account these factors to design successful and effective nutrient reduction measures.
Structure scattering of feed antenna in a dual reflector antenna system

In this paper, the impact of the structure scattering between the horn and subreflector of a Cassegrain reflector antenna system has been presented. Typical design steps involve (1) feed design that has very good VSWR and (2) use the far field pattern to compute the illumination on the subreflector and subsequently the main reflector to determine the far field pattern of the whole antenna system.
Platelet-derived growth factor modulates rat vascular smooth muscle cell responses on laminin-5 via mitogen-activated protein kinase-sensitive pathways

A treatment to remove vascular blockages, angioplasty, can cause damage to the vessel wall and a subsequent abnormal wound healing response, known as restenosis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) lining the vessel wall respond to growth factors and other stimuli released by injured cells. However, the extracellular matrix (ECM) may differentially modulate VSMC responses to these growth factors, such as proliferation, migration and adhesion. Our previous reports of low-level expression of one ECM molecule, laminin-5, in normal and injured vessels suggest that laminin-5, in addition to growth factors, may mediate VSMC response following vascular injury. To elucidate VSMC response on laminin-5 we investigated-the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) in activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade as a possible link between growth-factor initiated phenotypic changes in vitro and the ECM. Using a system of in vitro assays we assessed rat vascular smooth muscle cell (rVSMC) responses plated on laminin-5 to the addition of exogenous, soluble PDGF-BB. Our results indicate that although laminin-5 induces haptotactic migration of rVSMC, the addition of PDGF-BB significantly increases rVSMC migration on laminin-5, which is inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the MAPK inhibitor, PD98059, and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1). In addition, PDGF-BB greatly reduces rVSMC adhesion to laminin-5, an effect that is reversible by MAPK inhibition or the addition of TGF-β1. In addition, this reduction in adhesion is less significant on another ECM substrate, fibronectin and is reversible using TGF-β1 but not MAPK inhibition. PDGF-BB also strongly increased rVSMC proliferation on laminin-5, but had no effect on rVSMC plated on fibronectin. Finally, plating rVSMC on laminin-5 did not induce an increase in MAPK activation, while plating on fibronectin or the addition of soluble PDGF-BB did. These results suggest that rVSMC binding to laminin-5 activates integrin-dependent intracellular signaling cascades that are different from those of fibronectin or PDGF-BB, causing rVSMC to respond more acutely to the inhibition of MAPK. In contrast, our results suggest that fibronectin and PDGF-BB may activate parallel, reinforcing intracellular signaling cascades that converge in the activation of MAPK and are therefore less sensitive to MAPK inhibition. These results suggest a partial mechanism to explain the regulation of rVSMC behaviors, including migration, adhesion, and proliferation that may be responsible for the progression of restenosis.
How Long to Squeeze the Creative Juice? An Empirical Study of the Impact of Movie Production Timing on Financial Performance

We empirically examine the financial impact of production duration in a multi-stage production process for creative products. In particular, we analyze a novel data set from the movie industry to shed light on how the total production time and duration of individual stages affects box office revenues. We find that total production time is negatively associated with box office revenues. In particular, 1% additional total production delay may lower box office revenues by approximately 0.94% on average. In terms of the individual production stages, the duration of the post-production and distribution phases are critical, since both are negatively associated with box office revenues. Our study can help studios better understand how to prioritize production planning and minimize the negative impacts of production delays.
Improved S-2 Glass Fabric Insulation for $\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Rutherford Cable

A direct-braid fiberglass cloth insulation has been developed and evaluated for use on Rutherford cable. The fabric is directly woven onto the cable, using fine-filament yarn sized with a silane mixture. The total thickness of the cloth on each face of the cable is ~55 microns. The sizing is compatible with subsequent reaction heat treat without decomposition, and provides improved wetting and adhesion in the final epoxy impregnation. Ten-stack assemblies of cable segments have been processed through typical coil heat treatment and impregnation and tested for high-voltage insulation and yield strength under mechanical shear.
Visual adaptation: a case of nonlinear summation.

Abstract The intensity-voltage ( I–V ) function of photoreceptors is known to be linear at low response levels and to saturate at higher levels. Both the increment threshold and dark adaptation are associated with steady-state signals upon which the threshold response is superimposed. The first derivative of the I–V function provides the gain at any steady-state signal level and thus determines the threshold.
The passerine hippocampus is a site of high aromatase: inter- and intraspecies comparisons.

The vertebrate hippocampus (HP) plays a critical role in the organization of memory. Estrogens alter synaptic morphology and function in the mammalian HP and may potentiate memory performance. Previous studies suggest that the songbird HP itself is a site of significant aromatase expression, intimating that local estrogen synthesis may provide a source of this steroid to estrogen-sensitive neural circuits. To explore the potential role of local estrogen synthesis on HP structure and function, we have characterized aromatase message and activity in the zebra finch HP. Toward this end we have compared (a) HP aromatase mRNA with that at other neural loci, (b) HP aromatase activity between adults of both sexes, and (c) HP and hypothalamic preoptic area (HPOA) aromatase activity among songbirds and nonsongbirds. Finally we asked whether aromatase activity was intrinsic to the HP by maintaining it in culture, isolated from the rest of the telencephalon. The HP of every songbird studied expresses aromatase, with comparable levels across sexes. Notably, aromatase activity was found at higher levels in the songbird HP than in the HPOA. In both nonsongbird species investigated, however, HP aromatase activity was undetectable under identical assay conditions. Additionally, the developing songbird HP continues to express aromatase when cultured in isolation from the rest of the telencephalon. The data suggest that HP aromatase is characteristic of passeriformes and, as in the HPOA, may represent a mechanism whereby estrogen is made available to neural circuits. Passerines may prove invaluable animal models for investigations of the estrogenic modulation of HP structure and function.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, cell cycle regulation, toxicity, and tumorigenesis

Most effects of exposure to halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). It has long been recognized that the AHR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a central role in the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and hence in xenobiotic detoxification. Of late, it has become evident that outside this well-characterized role, the AHR also functions as a modulator of cellular signaling pathways. In this Prospect, we discuss the involvement of the AHR in pathways critical to cell cycle regulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, immediate-early gene induction, and the functions of the RB protein. Ultimately, the toxicity of AHR xenobiotic ligands may be intrinsically connected with the perturbation of these pathways and depend on the many critical signaling pathways and effectors with which the AHR itself interacts.
dsRNA-mediated gene silencing in cultured Drosophila cells: a tissue culture model for the analysis of RNA interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a form of post-transcriptional gene silencing that has been described in a number of plant, nematode, protozoan, and invertebrate species. RNAi is characterized by a number of features: induction by double stranded RNA (dsRNA), a high degree of specificity, remarkable potency and spread across cell boundaries, and a sustained down-regulation of the target gene. Previous studies of RNAi have examined this effect in whole organisms or in extracts thereof; we have now examined the induction of RNAi in tissue culture. A screen of mammalian cells from three different species showed no evidence for the specific down-regulation of gene expression by dsRNA. By contrast, RNAi was observed in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in S2 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by transfection of dsRNA corresponding to gfp when GFP was expressed either transiently or stably. This effect was structure- and sequence-specific in that: (1) little or no effect was seen when antisense (or sense) RNA was transfected; (2) an unrelated dsRNA did not reduce GFP expression; and (3) dsRNA corresponding to gfp had no effect on the expression of an unrelated target transgene. This invertebrate tissue culture model should allow facile assays for loss of function in a well-defined cellular system and facilitate further understanding of the mechanism of RNAi and the genes involved in this process.
Comment: The Financial Times business schools ranking: What quality is this signal of quality?

This comment starts with a personal account of experiences with business school rankings, which provides an introduction and illustration to the main points that follow. The first point is that noise dominates real news in published rankings, accounting for at least half and possibly much more of observed ranking changes. Thus, while ranking innovations have very real consequences in terms of applications, giving, and stakeholder perceptions, they need to be heavily discounted as carriers of new information. The second main point is that Devinney et al.'s finding of stable rankings for top schools and volatile rankings for lower-ranked schools is to be expected given what rankings measure and how they are constructed. Top schools reside in the thinly populated right tail of the school quality distribution, and therefore real differences in their quality are much more substantial and enduring than those for lower-ranked schools residing in more densely populated regions of this distribution. Published rankings, however, project these varying real differences into uniformly spaced ordinal rankings, obscuring the fact that ranking differences mean very different things for top schools and lower-ranked schools. The comment concludes with some ideas about how to improve the rankings.
Benzo[a]pyrene-collagen interactions.

Abstract In vitro interactions of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) with acid-soluble type I collagen from rat tail tendon have been investigated. The fluorescence of BaP increases in the presence of collagen. Bound BaP inhibits the formation of collagen fibrils in solution. When BaP-collagen complexes are irradiated in air with UV (365 nm) light, BaP rapidly undergoes photooxidation with the further inhibition of fibril formation. Viscosity and circular dichroism (CD) studies show that neither BaP nor further UV-irradiation alters the size or helical conformation of the protein. During thermal denaturation of collagen, BaP fluorescence changes. Collagen from young rat tail tendon shows a pronounced drop at about 38°C, whereas that from old rat tail tendon exhibits an increase with a plateau in the same temperature range. These anomalous changes are observed when tyrosine residues, present only in the non-helical terminal telopeptides of collagen, are excited at 275 nm, but not by direct BaP excitation at 387 nm. These findings suggest that the specific hydrophobic telopeptide region, which plays an important role in fibril formation, are affected by bound BaP.
The metabolic fate of fatty acids derived from dietary triglycerides.

The metabolic fates of dietary tricaprylin, trimyristin, tripalmitin, triolein, and trilinolein at the 15% level were followed with tracer doses of the corresponding C14-labeled acids. Distribution of the label in respiratory C14O2 and in fatty acids of adipose tissue and liver lipids as well as the fatty acid composition of these unfractionated tissue lipids led to the following conclusions:
Object localization from acoustic emissions produced by other sonars (L)

When multiple active sonars, such as dolphins, bats, or mobile robots, interrogate the environment simultaneously, one view is that each sonar considers the signals produced by the others to be interference, while another view is that these signals contain useful information. A listening sonar can typically detect the time delay between another sonar’s interrogation emission and its corresponding echo from an object and possibly also the emission and echo directions. This letter first shows that, even if the directions of these two signals and relative delays are known, determining the object location is an ill-posed problem, supporting the interference view. It then shows the time delay alone provides useful information, indicating that no echo-producing object can be closer than a perceived minimum range. Echoes from specular surfaces provide similar information but also require self echolocation to refine the range estimate. Experimental acoustic waveforms illustrate the approach. The results indicate that traveling in fixed formation and emitting identifiable echolocation sounds faciliate cooperative echolocation by biological sonars.
Genetic and Environmental Changes Possible in Milk Composition

Abstract The possibility of changing milk constituent percentages in lactation records through environment is small. Fat percentage can be reduced by feeding high-concentrate low-roughage rations, low-fiber feeds, pellets, etc. Changes in milk composition are possible through breeding, as heritabilities for yields are around .25, percentages .50 to .60, and ratios .60, but gains in protein and solids-not-fat (SNF) percentages would be less than fat gains because of their smaller variation. Genetic correlations among yields are highly positive, .9; between percentages, .3 to .9%; and between yields and percentages generally negative, – .2 to – .4. Selection for protein or SNF percentage alone would be effective but would result in a correlated loss in milk (75 to 100 kg per generation) with small gains in protein or SNF yields. Selection for milk would generally result in a correlated increase in protein yield, which is about 90% as effective as direct selection for protein yield but would decrease protein percent slightly. However, selection for protein yield gives about 70% as great an increase in milk yield as selection for milk alone and increases protein percent about 20% as much as selection for protein only. Selection indices have been constructed so as to maintain the percentages while improving milk yield. In practice, Holstein dairymen in this country and in Holland have increased fat percent and milk yield.
Alcohol and Cigarette Free: Examining Social Influences on Substance Use Abstinence among Black Non-Latina and Latina Urban Adolescent Girls

Increases in substance use prevalence among girls, as well as a lack of research conducted with urban girls of color, highlight the importance of understanding both predictors and outcomes of substance use abstinence (SUA) within this population. This study addresses gaps in SUA research through a longitudinal investigation conducted with urban black non-Latina and Latina girls (N = 597) as they transitioned through junior high school. Multivariate logistic regressions found social influences (i.e., friend/family use, drug access) to be significantly associated with girls’ SUA, although differential associations were found by race/ethnicity. SUA was also associated with positive adjustment and wellness by ninth grade. Implications for gender-specific prevention programming are discussed.
Error estimates in high count rate experiments

Abstract We have investigated the effects of pulse counting rate on chi-square calculations for the experimental arrangement used in Mossbauer effect studies.
Transcription of repeated and unique DNA sequences in brain nuclei.

—It is generally believed that leucine serves primarily as a precursor for protein synthesis in the central nervous system. However, leucine is also oxidized to CO2 in brain. The present investigation compares leucine oxidation and incorporation into protein in brain slices and synaptosomes. In brain slices from adult rats, these processes were linear for 90min and 14CO2 production from 0·1 mm-l-[l-14C]leucine was 23 times more rapid than incorporation into protein. The rate of oxidation increased further with greater leucine concentrations. Experiments with l-[U-14C]leucine suggested that all of the carbons from leucine were oxidized to CO2 with very little incorporation into lipid. Oxidation of leucine also occurred in synaptosomes. In slices, leucine oxidation and incorporation into protein were inhibited by removal of glucose or Na+, or addition of ouabain. In synaptosomes, replacement of Na+ by choline also reduced leucine oxidation; and this effect did not appear to be due to inhibition of leucine transport. The rate of leucine oxidation did not change in brain slices prepared from fasted animals. Fasting, however, reduced the incorporation of leucine into protein in brain slices prepared from young but not from adult rats. These findings indicate that oxidation is the major metabolic fate of leucine in brain of fed and fasted animals.
Equivalence of the Sudden Approximation to the High-Energy Limit of the First Born Approximation

The ratio of total cross sections for two different inelastic events in a given target as predicted by the sudden approximation is shown to be equal to the high-energy limit of the corresponding first Born approximation to the ratio. This relationship between the two theories is established for the special cases of the ratio of single to double ionization of helium atoms by electrons and by hydrogen atoms. The electron-helium-atom ratio is found to be the same as the hydrogen-atom-helium-atom ratio. The proof supposes that the same approximate wave functions were used in both theories and that the dominant term in the high-energy expansion of the first Born total cross section is independent of energy-conservation requirements. This latter point is established for a general ionization event.
Effects of ionizing radiation on the infrared transmittance of polycrystal CsI

The radiation-induced optical transmittance loss in polycrystal Csl was investigated in the 2.5- to 40-μm infrared region. Exposure of polycrystal Csl to ionizing radiation doses in the 0.3- to 1-Mrad range using a research reactor causes a significant degradation of the optical transmittance. Losses of up to 50% over the infrared transmiffance spectrum are reported; however, changes saturate at l 1 Mrad. The loss is particularly evident at shorter infrared wavelengths, shifting the threshold wavelength for transmittance to higher wavelengths. Results also show that cerium-doped polycrystal Csl exhibits improved radiation resistance.
Now you see it, now you don't: emerging contrary results in economics

Abstract A number of empirical literatures in economics display the following pattern of results. First, evidence accumulates to support an empirical result. As time passes, however, contrary results emerge that challenge that initial result. This phenomenon raises important issues about (i) what part empirical findings play in how economists come to believe things; and (ii) how believable inferences are to be made from literatures displaying such contrary results. This paper documents this ‘emerging contrary result’ phenomenon, and investigates the factors causing it. It considerably expands the list of emerging contrary results contained in my 1995 JEM paper. Of more importance, this paper identifies alternative explanations for these instances, and explores whether particular explanations can be plausibly assigned to the 26 examples in this paper.
Problem solving and diabetes self-care

An important objective of diabetes care is to provide patients with self-regulation skills. For patients to assume responsibility for their own regimens, they need to have good problem-solving skills to cope with ongoing personal, social, and environmental barriers to adherence. Therefore, a Diabetes Problem Solving Interview for adults was developed and evaluated with 126 non-insulin-dependent outpatients. Interviewers elicited problem-solving strategies patients would use to cope with a variety of situations potentially interfering with dietary, exercise, and glucose testing adherence. Interviews were tape recorded and coded by trained raters to produce scores on both overall problem-solving skill ratings and frequency of use of different types of strategies. Results revealed only minor influences of patient characteristics on problem-solving measures. Prospective analyses revealed that problem-solving measures were significant and independent predictors of levels of dietary and exercise self-care at a 6-month follow-up.
Integral relations for the asymptotic normalization of the triton

Lehman and Gibson have recently derived an integral relation for C/sub t/, the normalization of the n-d tail of the triton wave function. We give (1) a concise alternative derivation of the Lehman-Gibson result, and (2) an explicit evaluation of C/sub t/ in momentum space for the case in which the two-body interaction is not purely local or purely separable. This evaluation in general involves a five dimensional integration. (AIP)
Characterization of the surface hydrolysis of kevlar‐49 fibers by diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy

A modified diffuse reflectance technique is used to characterize the surface hydrolysis of Kevlar-49 fibers. Treatment with 10 wt% NaOH solution produces carboxylate groups on the surface which increase rapidly up to treatment times of about 20 min at room temperature or 50 min in boiling solution. After this maximum the carboxylate groups decrease and then level out. This behavior can be explained by considering the increase as due to hydrolysis of the surface amide groups, competing with the decrease due to removal of the extensively hydrolyzed, fragmented molecules into the treatment solution. Our results shows that mild conditions (10 wt% NaOH and room temperature) as well as relatively small treatment times (less than 20 min) can be used for modifying the surface of the Kevlar-49 fiber without destroying the skin and thus deteriorating the mechanical properties of the fiber.
Allergic encephalomyelitis: inhibition of cellular passive transfer by exogenous and endogenous steroids.

Injektionen des Antientzundungssteroids Dexamethasone oder eine Hypersekretion des endogenen Kortikosteroids als eine Reaktion zum unspezifischen Stress verhindern die zellulare passive Ubertragung allergischer Enzephalomyelitis. Deshalb kann angenommen werden, dass Steroide die enzephalitogene Wirkung von vollkommen immunisierten Lymphoidzellen verhindern.
The electrical conductivity of weight diluted and concentrated standard seawater as a function of salinity and temperature

The ratios R_{s,t,o} of electrical conductivity of seawater samples of precisely known salinity to standard seawater at the same temperature have been measured over a wide range of salinities from 0 to 42\permil S and over the full range of oceanic temperatures from -2 to 35\deg C. The samples with S were prepared by accurate weight dilution of standard seawater with distilled water. High salinity samples were prepared by fast evaporation of standard seawater and subsequent weight dilution into the already determined 35\permil range. An equation was derived which expresses the S versus R_{s,t,o} relationship very precisely from 1-42\permil and at all temperatures, i.e., S = f_{1}(R_{s,t,o}) + f_{2}(R_{s, t,o},t) =\Sigma_{n=0}^{5} a_{n}R^{n/2}+ \frac{\Delta t}{1+k\Delta t} \Sigma_{n=0}^{5} b_{n}R^{n/2} where \Delta t = t-15\deg C, R = R_{s, t.o} ; only the first term f_{1} is required at 15\deg C. The effeet of temperature on the electrical conductivity of standard seawater was also measured. The ratio r_{t} of the conductivity at temperature t to the conductivity at 15\deg C ( C_{35,t, o}/C_{35,15,o} ) is very aeenrately expressed by a fourth degree equation in t . i.e, r_{t}=\Sigma_{n=0}^{4} c_{n}t^{n} These two equations are sufficient for all salinity determinations at normal atmospheric pressure.
Analyses of intrinsic water-use efficiency indicate performance differences of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir in response to CO2 enrichment

Aim: Increasing intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) in trees is a global-scale response to increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (Ca). Our primary goal was to determine whether significant differences in either iWUE or radial growth exist between locally co-occurring ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. ponderosa; PIPO) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca; PSME) trees growing in minimally disturbed environments and exposed to gradually increasing levels of Ca. Methods: We developed 14 tree-ring chronologies, calculated basal area increment (BAI) and examined stable carbon isotope ratios (d13C) contained in the tree cores to determine: (1) the consistency of climate/BAI responses and iWUE between the two species and the magnitude of climate change for the primary drivers of BAI; (2) changes in iWUE and BAI values during ad 1850–present; and (3) the extent of pan-regional consistency in iWUE, BAI and climatic responses.Results: PIPO and PSME experienced exponentially increasing iWUE rates during ad 1850–present suggesting either increased net photosynthesis or decreased stomatal conductance, or both. There was pan-regional consistency, with similar temporal trends in iWUE and climate/growth relationships between species. Both species experienced above-average BAI in the latter half of the 20th century despite no favourable changes in climate. We found substantive differences between species as PIPO has experienced greater increases in iWUE and BAI relative to PSME. The trends in BAI and iWUE were significantly correlated for PIPO, but not for PSME.Main conclusions: Differential radial growth and iWUE responses exist among co-occurring species and are most pronounced during the period of highest Ca. As PIPO and PSME forests have extensive geographical ranges and are critical to North American forestry, any substantive change in forest dynamics related to water use and growth may have ecological and economic implications.
RACE, ETHNICITY AND BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONALS FOLLOW-UP STUDY

Purpose: We examined whether the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) varies by racial or ethnic origin in a large cohort of American male health professionals.Materials and Methods: Included in our study were 1,508 men who underwent surgery for BPH between 1986 and 1994, and 1,837 with high moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms assessed by the American Urological Association symptom index in 1992 or 1994. “Noncases” comprised 23,246 asymptomatic participants. Self-reported major ancestry was black in 201 men, Asian in 413, other origin in 604 and white in 25,373. White heritage was further classified as southern European in 6,408 men, Scandinavian in 2,951 and other white in 16,014. The relative risk of BPH and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking and physical activity were calculated by logistic regression.Results: Black men were not at increased risk for BPH (relative risk 0.85, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.31) compared with white men. ...
Challenges of Referral Decisions in College Counseling

Abstract As counseling centers grapple with increasing clinical demand and shrinking resources, many creative strategies are being explored for better serving university communities. Session limits and the adoption of brief therapy models are a popular solution. Limiting counseling has led to the dilemma of what to do with students who are not a good fit for time-limited services. Referral to off-campus resources is a natural response to this challenge. Some of the rationales, issues and obstacles to off-campus referrals are highlighted in this review of the literature.
Effect of Zinc Deficiency on the Biosynthesis of Phosphatidylcholine in Rat Microsomes

Phosphatidylcholine is the major lipid of all cellular membranes. Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in microsomes involves two enzyme pathways, choline phosphotransferase and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine methyltransferase. The present study was designed to examine the effect of zinc deficiency on these two enzymes. Male, weanling Long-Evans rats were fed a biotin-enriched 20% egg white diet deficient in zinc for 15-45 d. The specific activity (pmol phosphatidylcholine formed/min/mg microsomal protein) of choline phosphotransferase, phsophatidylethanolamine methyltransferase, and phos-phatidyldimethylethanolamine methyltransferase was determined. The latter assay measures the third methylation of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine. Zinc deficiency resulted in a significant increase over controls in the specific activity of phospha-tidylethanolamine methyltransferase and phosphatidyldimethyl-ethanolamine methyltransferase in liver and spleen microsomes. A significant increase in the picomoles of phosphatidylcholine formed by the choline phosphotransferase pathway occurred in liver microsomes of zinc-deficient animals. In the brain microsomes a significant decrease in specific activity of phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine methyltransferase, and choline phosphotransferase occurred among zinc-deficient ani-mals. These data suggest that zinc deficiency alters the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, the major lipid of cellular membranes.
Effects of reserpine and chlorpromazine on nest building and thermal preference in rats.

SummaryEffects of reserpine, chlorpro-mazine and combined drugs on nest building and thermal preference of rats are described. In the doses used, reserpine alone had a marked and persistent effect on these functions. It depressed nest building while promoting choice of a warm environment. The differential behavioral effect is thought to be related to the great differences in persistence of activity required for the two tests and the ability of reserpine-treated animals to maintain alertness for brief periods after handling.
Macroscopic Hematuria Secondary to Hypercalciuria and Hyperuricosuria

An adult presenting with asymptomatic gross hematuria attributable to hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria is described. Extensive evaluations for other causes of hematuria were negative, and the gross hematuria resolved with treatment of the hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria. Hematuria commonly attributable to these metabolic causes in children may also occur in adults. A 24-hour urine collection for the measurement of calcium and uric acid excretion in adults without nephrolithiasis may play an important role in the evaluation of hematuria.
Relation of hormones in ductal lavage fluid to age, tamoxifen treatment, and breast cancer risk

Breast ductal lavage provides a source of both cells and fluid from the breast in a non-invasive manner. The fluid contains freely diffusible steroid hormones and other factors that may be secreted or released from the epithelial cells that line the alveoli and ducts of the breast as well as from myoepithelial cells, stomal cells, and immune cells that populate the breast. The purpose of the present study was to determine how perturbations of the system are reflected in ductal lavage fluid (DLF). We examined changes associated with menopausal status, tamoxifen treatment, and Gail model breast cancer risk scores.
Allowed supersymmetric vacuums

We construct the vacuum connection associated with a Yang-Mills theory of the graded Lie group of real, general linear transformations on superspace that is induced by supersymmetry transformations. This gives rise to a class of supersymmetric ''vacuum metrics,'' most of which are noninvertible and/or involve theories with torsion. All of these connections are nonsingular and no limiting procedures are involved, even in the case of the original Wess-Zumino-Salam-Strathdee supersymmetric line element. Many of them are a priori compatible with the internal-symmetry group SU(2) x U(1) and extensions to include color.
Tripartite interactions between two phase qubits and a resonant cavity

Micrometre-scale superconducting circuits are at present explored as the building blocks for scalable quantum information processors. In a system where two such qubits are coupled to a resonant cavity, tripartite interactions and controlled coherent dynamics have now been demonstrated. This platform should allow for a fuller exploration of multipartite quantum states and their deterministic preparation.
Ruptured Papillary Muscle Following Myocardial Infarction with Long Survival Report of Two Cases

Two cases of rupture of a papillary muscle of the left ventricle are presented. We believe that these are the two longest recorded survivals of this complication of acute myocardial infarction. A presumptive clinical diagnosis is possible from the characteristic history of sudden deterioration together with the development of a loud apical systolic murmur. The differential diagnosis and the possibility of corrective surgery in a patient who survives the acute event are discussed.
Stress model and strain energy release rate of a prescribed crack in scarf joint/repair of composite panels

An analytical model for stress distribution was derived and an analytical model for determining the strain energy release rate of a prescribed crack in a scarf joint or a bonded scarf repair of a composite panel was developed. The crack closure method was used to calculate the strain energy release rate at the crack tip after a prescribed crack was inserted at high adhesive stress locations. In the stress model, the first-order laminated plate theory was applied to the composite panels, including the following: (1) scarfed parent substrate and corresponding repair panel for a bonded scarf repair or (2) both adherend panels for a scarf joint, assuming a linear elastic adhesive. The bondline was presumed to be thin, so the adhesive stresses were presumed to be uniform through the thickness. The coupled second-order differential equations obtained via kinematics and force equilibrium were solved semi-numerically using the symbolic computational tool Maple. Finite element analyses using the commercial softwar...
MCMI-diagnosed personality disorders among agoraphobic outpatients: Prevalence and relationship to severity and treatment outcome

Abstract The prevalence of personality disorders among 165 agoraphobic outpatients was assessed with the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, Versions I or II. Over 90% of clients met criteria for one or more Axis II diagnoses, the most common of which were avoidant and dependent. Scores on the personality scales were not significantly related to agoraphobic avoidance or panic frequency, but were often related to social phobia and dysphoria. Avoidant, dependent, and histrionic, but not severe personality disorders, were significantly associated with one or more indices of outcome for a sample of 64 clients in a naturalistic psychosocial treatment study, whereas paranoid PD was linked with early termination (
A Reconsideration of Some Aspects of the Utility Sacrifice Rules of Taxation

This paper derives the type of tax system (progressive, proportional or regressive) required by different marginal income utility functions to satisfy the equal absolute and equal proportional sacr...
The status of female coaches in two year colleges.

(1991). The Status of Female Coaches in Two-Year Colleges. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 62, No. 2, pp. 22-28.
Effects of Irradiation on Leukemic Cells in Marrow Cultures.

SummaryIn irradiated marrow cultures of nonleukemic cells the ratio of effect of 50 r of irradiation on progranulocytes to the effect on the more susceptible lymphocyte is the same as with a dose of 400 r of irradiation. An increase of 8 times in the amount of irradiation, that is from 50 r to 400 r, produced an increase of only about 1.7 times in the effect on either progranulocytes or lymphocytes. Leukemic progranulocytes showed a greater decrease from a dose of 300 r than nonleukemic progranulocytes from a dose of 400 r, but the character of the curves is similar which suggests that the mechanism of action of irradiation on leukemic cells is probably a prevention of the onset of cell division as was shown to be the case for nonleukemic cells. Leukemic progranulocytes which failed to mature in the patient also failed to mature in cultures in a medium containing normal human cord serum with or without irradiation. All of these observations are explained if the action of irradiation is to prevent the onse...
Passive tracking and detection of underwater narrow-band acoustical spectral signatures

Tracking, detection and classification of targets is complicated in presence of multiple targets located at close or overlapping bearings. Assuming that the respective targets exhibit unique spectral signatures, which include narrow-band (NB) tonals and associated harmonics, this problem is addressed in several steps using conventionally beam-formed array data. The first two include detection of signals and associated bearings, followed by clustering bearings and associated frequencies. Signal and bearing detections are carried out independently analyzing their time-frequency distributions sorted along bearing in direction of descending spectral power. Values of power and bearings are grouped independently from each other into vectors, which in turn form sets called time-frequency (TF) cells. The Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) test of empirical centres of masses of respective TF cells in an inner product space is a similarity measure used for required detections. Respective MMD's of power and bearing TF cells are used to obtain weights used to cluster detected bearings and associated frequencies. A signal detected at a given frequency is used to start a single frequency-bearing Kalman tracker (SFBT). A multivariate frequency-bearing tracker (MFBT) is started when the SFBTs associated by a common bearing are observed repeatedly at relative frequency exceeding a predefined threshold. A state vector of MFBT is propagated in time if detections are observed at least at two out of N associated SFBTs. For each SFBT frequency gates of few per cent of central frequency are used. Inconsistency check of latest MFTB bearings observed at different frequencies is used for MFTB stopping decision. Along bearing of each MFTB a mean spectrum is calculated. This spectrum corresponds to a target signature, which can be used for classification purposes in future.
Activated fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 is an oncogene that contributes to tumor progression in multiple myeloma

The t(4;14) translocation occurs frequently in multiple myeloma (MM) and results in the simultaneous dysregulated expression of 2 potential oncogenes, FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) from der(14) and multiple myeloma SET domain protein/Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate gene 1 from der(4). It is now shown that myeloma cells carrying a t(4;14) translocation express a functional FGFR3 that in some cases is constitutively activated by the same mutations that cause thanatophoric dysplasia. As with activating mutations of K-ras and N-ras, which are reported in approximately 40% of patients with MM, activating mutations of FGFR3 occur during tumor progression. However, the constitutive activation of ras and FGFR3 does not occur in the same myeloma cells. Thus the activated forms of these proteins appear to share an overlapping role in tumor progression, suggesting that they also share the signaling cascade. Consistent with this prediction, it is shown that activated FGFR3-when expressed at levels similar to those seen in t(4;14) myeloma-is an oncogene that acts through the MAP kinase pathway to transform NIH 3T3 cells, which can then generate tumors in nude mice. Thus, FGFR3, when overexpressed in MM, may be not only oncogenic when stimulated by FGF ligands in the bone marrow microenvironment, but is also a target for activating mutations that enable FGFR3 to play a ras-like role in tumor progression.
Tunable mismatch shaping for quadrature bandpass delta-sigma data converters

Quadrature bandpass delta-sigma data converters are widely used in low-IF receiver applications where high linearity is required over a narrow bandwidth. A quadrature delta-sigma modulator with multibit quantization requires a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for each of the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) paths. Device mismatch errors in the DAC can seriously degrade overall converter performance by adding I/Q path-mismatch and distortion. Mismatch noise shaping is an established technique for overcoming these limitations in a complex DAC, but usually anchors the signal band to a fixed frequency location. In order to apply mismatch shaping to applications that require tunable signal band locations, this paper presents a technique that allows the center frequency of the mismatch noise shaping transfer function through the complex DAC to be adjustable over the entire Nyquist range.
The Heart on the Sleeve and the Secret Self: Estimations of Hidden Emotion in Self and Acquaintances

This research investigated how estimations of subjectively experienced emotion and estimations of displayed emotion varied with the familiarity of the target person Subjects imagined themselves, a close friend, a moderate friend, or a casual acquaintance in a series of brief affect-eliciting situations, and then estimated the degree to which the designated person would both feel and display specific emotions Subjects consistently estimated that people, including themselves, would feel more emotion than they displayed This discrepancy between experienced feeling and displayed feeling increased as a linear function of familiarity with the person The amount of undisplayed affect–the estimated “secret self”–was generally smallest for a casual acquaintance, greater for a moderate friend, still greater for a close friend, and greatest of all for the self The magnitude of this familiarity effect, however, varied with the social desirability of the emotion If an emotion was socially desirable, subjects estimated that familiar persons would both feel the emotion more and display it more than less familiar others would If an emotion was socially undesirable, subjects also estimated that familiar others would feel it more than unfamiliar others would However, they estimated that familiar and less familiar others would display socially undesirable emotions to about the same degree, and estimated that they themselves would display these emotions significantly less than others Consequently, although subjects always perceived
PS3-52: Heart Health in Your Pocket: Lessons Learned from the Development of a Smartphone App.

Background/AimsAs part of the Million Hearts national initiative to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are increasing calls to leverage health information technology. The Marshfield Clinic developed a Heart Health Mobile application (app) that is designed to improve awareness of CVD risk and promote risk factor control among regional smartphone users. It deploys an engaging user interface that provides a brief CVD risk assessment that takes into account self-reported behavioral, familial, and biometric risk factors, including blood pressure and lipids. Users are then directed to nearby community pharmacies, clinics, and other locations where more advanced CVD risk factor screenings can be obtained. Along with social media connections and measurement prompts, basic education materials are provided on key CVD prevention topics such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, weight management, and tobacco cessation.MethodsA multidisciplinary team of 24 members was created to develop the app over a 30-day timeframe. This team included a broad cross-section of clinical professionals from medicine, epidemiology, health IT, usability and graphic designers, business analytics, and marketing. An Agile programming method was used to promote adaptive planning and evolutionary development in self-organizing, cross-functional teams.ResultsThe iOS app was successfully developed, tested, and launched within the 30-day timeframe. It was submitted competitively as part of the Million Hearts Risk Check Challenge, a CVD prevention app contest sponsored by Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. The final product is shown in detail at . The app was developed in six different languages, and epidemiologic data on downloads, unique users, geo-segmentation, risk factor profile, and customer loyalty, among other data points, are actively collected.ConclusionsHealth-related consumer smartphone apps can be developed rapidly and brought to scale as part of healthcare delivery systems’ business and clinical strategies. They provide users with important information, education, and directions on CVD prevention and have wide-ranging potential across numerous health conditions. From an HMORN perspective, such apps also provide real-time data collection methods that can be used to identify health trends at a lower cost (and comparable quality) relative to traditional population research methods.