cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery on Outpatient Recovery after Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Study Objective Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathways have led to improved perioperative outcomes in hospital quality of care and cost parameters in gynecologic surgery. There is less data on the impact of ERAS on patient-reported recovery experience after laparoscopic hysterectomy in the outpatient setting. Design An IRB-approved single-blinded non-randomized prospective cohort study compared two cohorts of patients who underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy: perioperative ERAS protocol or standard perioperative care at a single institution. Surveys were distributed to patients at their initial postoperative appointment. Setting Urban academic-affiliated community tertiary care center. Patients or Participants Women undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy by high volume surgeons (>10 hysterectomies per year). Interventions Perioperative ERAS protocol; postoperative self-administered survey 2 weeks after surgery. Measurements and Main Results Between 8/1/18 and 4/9/19, 73 patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy were surveyed: 37 (ERAS) cases and 44 under standard perioperative care (controls). 8 surveys from the control group were excluded due to predefined criteria. The patients responded to Likert scaled questions regarding ability to perform daily activities (ascending difficulty from 1 to 5). Conclusion Implementation of ERAS does not adversely affect self-reported patient recovery. At two weeks following laparoscopic hysterectomy, the majority of patients returned to baseline physical activity, bowel function, appetite & diet, and required no additional narcotic medications.
Subscapularis sparing total shoulder arthroplasty through a superolateral approach: a radiographic study

Background Most anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (ATSA) techniques release and reattach the subscapularis tendon. The risk of failed healing is a widely recognized complication. The purpose of this study was to radiographically compare a traditional deltopectoral (DP) approach and a superolateral subscapularis sparing (SSS) technique through the rotator interval. Methods A single, independent, blinded, reviewer analyzed preoperative and postoperative radiographs of patients undergoing ATSA performed by a single surgeon. The reviewer assessed humeral head height, humeral head medial offset, humeral head diameter, head-neck angle, humeral head centering, and coracohumeral offset, and used the anatomic reconstruction index (ARI) to evaluate overall reconstruction quality. Results There were 70 SSS and 20 DP patients included. When comparing preoperative with postoperative differences, we found that there was no difference between groups in humeral head height (P = .19), humeral head medial offset (P = .38), and coracohumeral offset (P = .07). The DP group had a mean humeral head diameter oversizing of 1.4 mm, whereas the superolateral group had an undersizing of 2.8 mm (P Discussion and Conclusions Radiographic comparison of these 2 ATSA techniques identified no statistical significant difference in 4 of 7 radiographic measurements and ARI. The SSS ATSA is a reasonable approach that yields similar radiographic measurements as a traditional DP total shoulder arthroplasty approach.
Transient Absorption Spectroscopy Offers Mechanistic Insights for an Iridium/Nickel-Catalyzed C-O Coupling.

We report mechanistic insights into an iridium/nickel photocatalytic C–O cross-coupling reaction from time-resolved spectroscopic studies. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, energy transfer f...
Virial expansion of attractively interacting Fermi gases in one, two, and three dimensions, up to fifth order

The virial expansion characterizes the high-temperature approach to the quantum-classical crossover in any quantum many-body system. Here, we calculate the virial coefficients up to the fifth order of Fermi gases in one, two, and three dimensions, with attractive contact interactions, as relevant for a variety of applications in atomic and nuclear physics. To that end, we discretize the imaginary-time direction and calculate the relevant canonical partition functions. In coarse discretizations, we obtain analytic results featuring relationships between the interaction-induced changes $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{3}, \mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{4}$, and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{5}$ as functions of $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{2}$, the latter being exactly known in many cases by virtue of the Beth-Uhlenbeck formula. Using automated-algebra methods, we push our calculations to progressively finer discretizations and extrapolate to the continuous-time limit. We find excellent agreement for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{3}$ with previous calculations in all dimensions and we formulate predictions for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{4}$ and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{5}$ in one and two dimensions. We also provide, for a range of couplings, the subspace contributions $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{31}, \mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{22}, \mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{41}$, and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{b}_{32}$, which determine the equation of state and static response of polarized systems at high temperature. As a performance check, we compare the density equation of state and Tan contact with quantum Monte Carlo calculations, diagrammatic approaches, and experimental data where available. Finally, we apply Pad\'e and Pad\'e-Borel resummation methods to extend the usefulness of the virial coefficients to approach and in some cases go beyond the unit-fugacity point.
Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Using the Apohemoglobin-HaptoglobinComplex as a Carrier of Aluminum Phthalocyanine

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to effectively treat cancer by producing cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) via excitation of photosensitizers (PS). However, most PS lack tumor cell ...
Behavioural inhibition system sensitivity is no longer associated with psychotic‐like experiences after controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms

Aim Elevated behavioural inhibition system sensitivity has been reported among schizophrenia patients. Yet, no study has investigated the relationship between behavioural inhibition system sensitivity and the occurrence of psychotic-like experiences (subthreshold psychotic symptoms considered to be less severe or impairing), despite evidence that behavioural inhibition system sensitivity is related to other forms of psychopathology known to co-occur with psychotic-like experiences, such as depression and anxiety. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between behavioural inhibition system levels and psychotic-like experiences while controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms. We hypothesized that behavioural inhibition system sensitivity would be positively associated with the number of reported psychotic-like experiences, and that this association would be nonsignificant after accounting for depression and anxiety symptoms. Methods Psychotic-like experiences, behavioural inhibition system sensitivity, depression symptoms, and anxiety symptoms were measured in 1162 young adults. Bivariate correlations were calculated and linear regressions performed to measure the relationship between variables of interest. Results Psychotic-like experiences, behavioural inhibition system sensitivity, and symptoms of depression, and anxiety were all significantly and positively correlated with one another. Behavioural inhibition system sensitivity was no longer related to the number of psychotic-like experiences reported after controlling for anxiety symptoms, with and without controlling for depression symptoms. Discussion These findings suggest that the hypersensitivity to threat observed among individuals reporting higher levels of psychotic-like experiences is likely related to co-occurring depression and anxiety symptoms. Thus, behavioural inhibition system sensitivity may be more reflective of a transdiagnostic phenotype of general psychopathology than specifically related to psychosis.
Analysis of Scholarly Discourse in Biosecurity from 1986-2020

Scholarly discourse in Biosecurity is complex and interdisciplinary. The term Biosecurity has different meanings depending on the discipline. This term most often strives to capture efforts to prepare for and respond to threats posed by infectious organisms1. Increasing complexity of discourse in this interdisciplinary field and lack of common definitions can pose communication challenges. We use text mining of scholarly articles to characterize the interdisciplinary field of Biosecurity and the uses of this term over the past 35 years; a context evolution model is built to describe major changes in this field, and it shows a progression toward health security in recent years. Understanding the shifts in discourse predominance helps to illuminate the major challenges facing biosecurity research and academic community, and contributes to enhancing communication across disciplines within the Biosecurity field.
OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO THE USE OF SATELLITE DATA IN FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

Due to the extensive spatial and temporal coverage of ocean satellite data products, these data have great potential for operational oceanographic applications. Yet these data are underutilized in many operational activities of NOAA, including stock assessments. Here we describe two different efforts underway to increase the transition of oceanographic satellite data into operational usage. The West Coast Node (WCN) of CoastWatch has been collaborating with the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC) to develop an online tool that will make it easier for stock assessment scientists to incorporate environmental satellite data into their annual stock assessments. This specialized webpage serves time-series of remotely sensed products (e.g., chlorophyll and sea-surface temperature data) for fisheries management regions around Alaska. WCN has also been working to increase oceanographic satellite data utilization through the NOAA CoastWatch Ocean Satellite Course that they have been teaching since 2006.
Qualities of Academic Librarians Who Advance into Middle Management: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

The path to management is difficult for academic librarians without formal supervisory experience, especially in public services. However, little research on how frontline librarians without superv...
Lower hybrid current drive in a tokamak for correlated passes through resonance

Standard quasilinear descriptions are based on the constant magnetic field form of the quasilinear operator so improperly treat the trapped electron modifications associated with tokamak geometry. Moreover, successive poloidal transits of the Landau resonance during lower hybrid current drive in a tokamak are well correlated, and these geometrical details must be properly retained to account for the presence of trapped electrons that do not contribute to the driven current. The recently derived quasilinear operator in tokamak geometry accounts for these features and finds that the quasilinear diffusivity is proportional to a delta function with a transit or bounce averaged argument (rather than a local Landau resonance condition). The new quasilinear operator is combined with the Cordey (Nucl. Fusion, vol. 16, 1976, pp. 499–507) eigenfunctions to properly derive a rather simple and compact analytic expression for the trapped electron modifications to the driven lower hybrid current and the efficiency of the current drive.
Compendium of causative genes and their encoded proteins for common monogenic disorders

A compendium is presented of inherited monogenic disorders that have a prevalence of >1:20,000 in the human population, along with their causative genes and encoded proteins. "Simple" monogenic diseases are those for which the clinical features are caused by mutations impacting a single gene, usually in a manner that alters the sequence of the encoded protein. Of course, for a given "monogenic disorder", there is sometimes more than one potential disease gene, mutations in any one of which is sufficient to cause phenotypes of that disorder. Disease-causing mutations for monogenic disorders are usually passed on from generation to generation in a Mendelian fashion, and originate from spontaneous (de novo) germline founder mutations. In the past monogenic disorders have often been written off as targets for drug discovery because they sometimes are assumed to be rare disorders, for which the meager projected financial payoff of drug discovery and development has discouraged investment. However, not all monogenic diseases are rare. Here, we report that that currently available data identifies 72 disorders with a prevalence of at least 1 in 20,000 humans. For each, we tabulate the gene(s) for which mutations cause the spectrum of phenotypes associated with that disorder. We also identify the gene and protein that most commonly causes each disease. 34 of these disorders are caused exclusively by mutations in only a single gene and encoded protein.
Multiplexing-Based Flyback Converter for Multi-Port USB Power Delivery with True Power-Sharing

Universal serial bus power delivery (USB-PD) chargers are more attractive to consumers with multiple output ports. Existing multiple port charger designs take multi-stage approach thus increase power loss and charger size. Also, ports are normally designed with different power capability thus the high-power port becomes under-used if the connected device is fully charged while the other lower power ports cannot take over the unused power. This is mainly limited by the power architecture design. This paper addresses this issue by presenting a multiplexing based multi-port quasi-resonant flyback converter. The design achieves true power-sharing with high efficiency, small size, and simple analog implementation. This paper discusses the operating principle and design considerations. A GaN-based 60 W dual port charger verifies the proposed scheme while achieving 76% size reduction and 1% efficiency improvement than state-of-the-art.
Spectroscopy of broadband harmonic generation

The spectral measurements of frequency-tripled, broad-bandwidth Nd:glass laser light (/spl Delta//spl lambda/=1.2 nm at /spl lambda/=1054 nm), coupled with a comprehensive theoretical model, provides a unique diagnostic tool for understanding multiple frequency interactions in the tripling process.
The Scale Dependence of Inclusive ep Scattering in the Resonance Region

We examine the scale dependence in the resonance region of inclusive ep scattering. In particular we discuss the invariants other than Q^2, which have been proposed as a scale for pQCD evolution in a kinematical regime where both infrared singularities and power corrections are expected to be largest. We show that the region where most of the present data are available, can be described using NLO pQCD evolution at fixed invariant mass, W^2, plus a leading order power correction term. We find that the coefficient of the power correction at W^2 < 4 GeV^2 is relatively small, i.e. comparable in size to the one obtained in the large W^2 region.
Incremental Process Modeling through Stakeholder-Based Hybrid Process Simulation

Both the process modeling and process simulation are necessary components of process automation. A Process Modeling Language (PML) is a set of description tools that define processes attributes and constrains in a specific domain. Process modeling stakeholders may have different levels of dependencies on different types of PMLs. They also have various perspectives for modeling a process. Discrete and continuous PMLs are complimentary in modeling the process at different levels of abstraction and to address different stakeholders' perspectives. The hybrid process simulation combines micro-level discrete process models with the macro-level continuous process models to capture process dynamics and deploy process optimization. This paper proposes an incremental approach based on the hybrid simulation in modeling a software process at different levels of abstraction in order to address different stakeholders' perspectives. By addressing stakeholders' concerns in hybrid simulation at each process segment, this approach incrementally integrates internal process dynamics and modifications due to external changes into process model that cannot be easily achieved by individually using discrete or continuous modeling approaches.
A 5-GHz f T monolithic IC process for high-speed digital circuits

A junction-isolated monolithic IC circuit process with an f T of 5 GHz, affording substantially faster E2L circuits than previously available, will be discussed. A monolithic binary chip has been fabricated successfully with a maximum toggle rate of 1.8 GHz.
A large scale study of English-Chinese online dictionary search behavior

This paper presents a large scale study of user search behavior on a popular online dictionary website. Our goal is to understand the current status of online dictionary, especially English-Chinese dictionary user search behavior by analyzing 10 million queries on Dict.cn website during the period form late 2006 to early 2007. We believe our findings will help traditional dictionary publishers and online dictionary providers to improve their existing products and services, and further develop innovative services to better serve the unique needs of their users.
Multiple Electron-Spin Echoes in Ti O 2 : V 4 +

An electron-spin-echo experiment has been performed on ${\mathrm{V}}^{4+}$ paramagnetic impurities in a single crystal of Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. The high microwave dielectric constant of Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and the simple geometry of the sample give rise to high-$Q$ dielectric resonant modes in the sample. The strong interaction between the paramagnetic impurities and the dielectric modes produces multiple spin echoes when two microwave pulses are applied under certain conditions. A simple model is presented to explain the process of multiple-echo formation, and a quantum-mechanical description is given.
Spectrophotometry of supernovae

Absolute spectral energy distributions for supernovae of both types I and II have been obtained. These observations demonstrate three facets of supernova spectra. First, both SN I’s and SN II’s have a continuum that varies slowly and uniformly with time, and which carries the bulk of the radiated flux at early epochs. Second, some lines in both SN I’s and SN II’s have P Cygni profiles: broad emissions flanked on their violet edges by broad absorptions. Third, some lines are common to SN I’s and SN II’s and persist throughout the evolution of the spectrum. The continuum temperatures for both SN I’s and SN II’s are about 10000 K at the earliest times of observation and drop in one month’s time to about 6000 K for SN II’s and about 7000 K for SN I’s. After several months, the continuum may cease to carry the bulk of the flux, which might be in emission lines, but continues to exist, as shown by the presence of absorption lines. The P Cygni line profiles indicate expansion velocities of 15000 km s-1 in SN II’s and 20000 km s-1 in the SN I 1972e in NGC 5253. Line identifications for SN II’s include Hα, Hβ, H and K of Ca n, the Ca n infrared triplet at λ 8600, the Na I D-lines, the Mg I b-lines at λ5174, and perhaps Fe II. The [O I] lines λλ6300, 6363 and [Ca II] lines λλ7291, 7323 appear after eight months. For SN I’s, the lines identified are H and K of Ca II, the infrared Ca II lines, the Na I D-lines, and the Mg I b-lines. There is some evidence that Balmer lines are present two weeks after maximum. The strong and puzzling λ4600 features drifts with time from λ4600 near maximum light to λ4750 after 400 days.
Practical Dynamic Load Balancing for Irregular Problems

In this paper, we present a cohesive, practical load balancing framework that addresses many shortcomings of existing strategies. These techniques are portable to a broad range of prevalent architectures, including massively parallel machines such as the Cray T3D and Intel Paragon, shared memory systems such as the SGI Power Challenge, and networks of workstations. This scheme improves on earlier work in this area and can be analyzed using well-understood techniques. The algorithm operates using nearest-neighbor communication and inherently maintains existing locality in the application. A simple software interface allows the programmer to use load balancing with very little effort. Unlike many previous efforts in this arena, the techniques have been applied to large-scale industrial applications, one of which is described herein.
INTERCHROMOSOMAL BIASED GENE CONVERSION, MUTATION AND SELECTION IN A MULTIGENE FAMILY

A mathematical model of the effects of interchromosomal biased gene conversion, mutation and natural selection on a multigene family is developed and analyzed. The model assumes two allelic states at each of n loci. The effects of genetic drift are ignored. The model is developed under the assumption of no recombination, but the analysis shows that, at equilibrium, there is no linkage disequilibrium, which implies that the conclusions are valid for arbitrary recombination among loci. At equilibrium, the balance between mutation, gene conversion and selection depends on the ratio of the mutation rates to the quantity [s + g(2 alpha - 1)/n], where s is the increment or decrement in relative fitness with each additional copy of one of the alleles, g is the conversion rate, and alpha is a measure of the bias in favor of one of the alleles. When this quantity is large relative to the mutation rates, the allele that has the net advantage, combining the effects of selection and conversion, will be nearly fixed in the multigene family. A comparison of these results with those from a comparable model of intrachromosomal biased conversion shows that biased interchromosomal conversion leads to approximately the same equilibrium copy number as does intrachromosomal conversion of the same strength. Interchromosomal conversion is much more effective in causing the substitution of one allele by another. The relative frequencies of interchromosomal and intrachromosomal conversion is indicated by the extent of the linkage disequilibrium among the loci in a multigene family.
Sexual Dysfunction among Male Veterans Returning from Iraq and Afghanistan: Prevalence and Correlates

ABSTRACT Introduction Sexual dysfunction (SD) is not well described in the Iraq/Afghanistan veteran population despite high prevalence of multiple risk factors for this issue. Aim To estimate the prevalence and examine the association of various sociodemographic, mental health, comorbid conditions and life style factors with sexual dysfunction in Iraq/Afghanistan veterans. Methods This exploratory cross‐sectional study was conducted using data from the VA administrative database. A total of 4,755 Iraq/Afghanistan veterans were identified who sought treatment from the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center inpatient and outpatient clinic between September 2007 and August 2009. Main Outcome Measures Sexual dysfunction was determined by ICD9‐CM codes related to sexual health issues and/or by specific medications, primarily phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors (PDE5i), prescribed for erectile dysfunction. Results The overall prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 5.5% (N = 265). By age category, it was 3.6% (N = 145) for Iraq/Afghanistan veterans aged 18–40 years and 15.7% (N = 120) for Iraq/Afghanistan veterans aged > 40 years, respectively. A multivariate logistic‐regression model revealed that annual income, marital status, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and hypertension were significant risk factors of SD (all P P Conclusions These data demonstrate that a significant proportion of Iraq/Afghanistan veterans have SD and that the risk factors differ between younger and older veterans. Our findings also suggest that SD is likely under‐coded. To better identify the scope of the problem, systematic screening for sexual dysfunction may be appropriate perhaps as part of an initial post‐deployment health evaluation. Hosain GMM, Latini DM, Kauth M, Goltz HH, and Helmer DA. Sexual dysfunction among male veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan: Prevalence and correlates. J Sex Med **;**:**–**.
Cultivating Student Research and Study Skills in Web-based Learning Environments

The use of Web-based learning environments involves cultivating new types of study and research skills among students. Students must be able to find authoritative sources efficiently, evaluate the quality of documents thoroughly, and use and cite materials properly. Students may also need guidance in what constitutes appropriate conduct in respect of the Internet and Web. They need to understand the difference between citing a source and plagiarizing it, how to communicate effectively and courteously by email, and how copyright law applies to resources they wish to use. These issues can be addressed in classroom discussion or in exercises woven into online learning materials and assignments.
Optimal and suboptimal stationary controls for Markov chains

The problem studied is that of controlling a Markov chain so as to minimize the long run expected cost per unit time. Three results are obtained. First, a necessary and sufficient condition for optimality is given. The second gives for any strategy u , an easily computable bound B (u) \geq J(u)-J^{\ast} , where J*is the minimum cost. The third result consists of an algorithm which, starting with any strategy, successively generates alternative strategies so that the bound B (u) decreases monotonically to zero.
Application of Exponential Smoothing for Nosocomial Infection Surveillance

Detection of outbreaks of infection or increases in bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is an essential component of hospital infection control surveillance. The authors applied the method of exponential smoothing to microbiology data from 1987-1992 to investigate a suspected outbreak of gentamicin resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria at the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, in 1991-1992. The years 1987-1990 were used to develop the baseline for the forecast model. Application of the model indicated that two observed prominent peaks in the annual cumulative incidence of gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa were within the upper bounds of their respective 95% confidence intervals as estimated by the forecast model--i.e., that no epidemic was in progress. This prediction was supported by investigations by the hospital's infection control team which indicated that the apparent increases were due to readmission of patients previously known to harbor these organisms. In contrast, application of a typically employed method that ignores the time series data structure indicated that there were 6 months in which incidence rates exceeded the upper bounds of their respective 95% confidence intervals, thereby erroneously suggesting that an epidemic was in progress. Recursive algorithms and some simplifying assumptions that do not affect the validity of inferences make the application of this method practical for nosocomial infection control programs.
Distance education in a global age: a perspective for internationalizing online learning communities

As global online access grows, so does the prospect that online classes will contain students from various cultures and countries. Within this educational environment, cultural differences can affect how students share ideas, comprehend concepts, and access course-related materials. Effective instruction in international online classes therefore requires instructors to address those cultural differences that could most greatly affect learning in such environments. This essay provides an overview of some of the more problematic factors related to international online classes. In examining these factors, the essay also presents strategies for mitigating related problems. The essay then concludes with an annotated list of free online resources educators can use to learn more about cultural factors that could affect learning in online classrooms.
Pain coping strategies in rheumatoid arthritis: Relationships to pain, disability, depression and daily hassles

The present study investigated the relation of pain coping strategies to physical disability, pain, psychological disability, depression and daily hassles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Subjects were 65 RA patients recruited from an outpatient rheumatology clinic. Each subject completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), The Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Hassles Scale. Correlational analyses indicated that the Pain Control and Rational Thinking (PCRT) factor of the CSQ was strongly related to measures of adjustment. Regression analyses revealed that after controlling for demographic variables (age, gender) and medical variables (functional classification, disability support status), the PCRT factor of the CSQ explained a significant proportion of variance in physical disability, pain, psychological disability, depression, and hassles severity. Patients scoring high on the PCRT factor had lower levels of physical disability, pain, psychological disability, depression and hassles severity. Taken together, these findings suggest that pain coping strategies in RA patients are significantly related to pain and disability.
The legitimation of inequality in American education

The literature substantiating inequality in American education, and its social ramifications, revolving largely about the Bowles-Gintis thesis, is by now well established. This paper strives to move beyond this established relationship, to explore its social acceptance. The legitimation of inequality is viewed primarily as a product of early stratification in education and its cumulative reinforcement, in a cultural context of contests as an equality of opportunity.
Cyclenones IX1: A Convenient Synthesis of 3-Methyl-5-alkyl-4-carbethoxycyclohex-2-enones

Abstract We wish to report a synthesis of homologs of Hagemann's ester (1~. R=H) which permits the high yield preparation of these compounds in a “one flask reaction” from ethyl acetoacetate and an aldehyde.
Category and Position Competition in Free Recall.

Summary The present two experiments were designed to investigate the effects of two competing retrieval strategies—category and position cueing. One hundred college students participated in Experiment I in which Presentation Rate, List Type, and Stimulus Position were manipulated within an FR paradigm. Sixty students participated in Experiment II in which Formal Response Similarity and Stimulus Position were manipulated within a PA paradigm. Findings were the following: (a) that greater clustering and FR is obtained at slower presentation rates; (b) that greater than chance clustering occurs with a category list structure; and (c) that HS response learning is more difficult than LS response learning. No support was found for position cueing. Results were discussed within FR cueing, von Restorff, and intentional versus incidental learning paradigms as possible explanations for the nonsignificant position cueing results in the present experiments. A competing strategy hypothesis of category and position cue...
Parasitic screening of a refugee population in Illinois

In a one year period in Illinois, 4,695 stool specimens from refugees for parasitologic screening and 733 diarrheal specimens from non-refugees were tested by routine ova and parasite examination- concentration and permanent stained smear. Patients infected with pathogens were as follows: African group (48.9%), Middle Eastern group (56.5%), Southeast Asian group (48.9%), Eastern European group (46.6%), Hispanic group (38.0%) and non-refugee group (20.7%). The study showed differences between the various groups of refugees and the non-refugee group. The need for routine screening of this population was clearly shown.
Fatigue of the respiratory muscles

The word "fatigue" has several meanings: in daily life, it is often used to express tiredness or weakness, whereas a technical definition may also include impaired intellectual or motor performance, increased EMG activity for a given performance, shift of the EMG power spectrum to lower frequencies, and/or the inability of muscle to generate force. In an NHLBI workshop, fatigue was defined as a loss of capacity to develop force and/or velocity in response to a load, which is reversible by rest [1]. As a first approximation, fatigue of the respiratory muscles may be defined as an inability to continue to generate sufficient pressure to maintain alveolar ventilation. Fatigue is distinguished from weakness, a reduction in force generation that is fixed and not reversible by rest, although muscle weakness may be a predisposition to muscle fatigue. Despite the considerable amount of research that has been done over the past century, the site and mechanism of fatigue remain subjects of controversy. Theoretically, fatigue may occur at any point along the extensive chain of command involved in voluntary muscle contraction, beginning with the brain and ending with the contractile machinery (i.e. brain, spinal cord, nerve, neuromuscular junction, muscle cell membrane, transverse tubular system, calcium release, actin-myosin activation and crossbridge formation) (Fig. 1). Globally, fatigue is subdivided into two categories: failure to generate force due to reduced central motor output (central fatigue) and failure to generate force due to fatigue either at the neuromuscular junction or within the muscle machinery (peripheral fatigue). The question, first formulated in the early part of this century [2], thus arises: when the respiratory system is presented with a fatiguing load, do the respiratory controllers become too tired to drive the muscles to maintain adequate ventilation, or do the muscles themselves become unable to generate the required force, despite on adequate neural drive? Davies, Haldane and Priestly the first researchers to study respiratory muscle fatigue, affirmed the existence of both types of fatigue, central and peripheral. Recently, an increasing amount of evidence has emerged in support of the notion that roughly equal proportions of the force decline during diaphragmatic fatigue can be attributed to reduced central motor drive and peripheral muscle contractile failure, respectively [1, 3]. However, it is not yet clear whether such a depression of the central nervous system (CNS) is due to a primary central failure or to a protective adaptation of the CNS to changes in the contracting muscle, intended to prevent an undue reduction of intrinsic muscle fiber strength.
Morphological analysis for health care systems planning

Abstract Health care planners are continually challenged by the difficulty of ordering and understanding of the complexities of health care delivery systems. Methods are needed which can aid in extending thought processes into multi-dimensional solution space and rationalizing the thinking of various health care interests. This paper describes a useful approach to designing and evaluating health care systems utilizing a case study of a large metropolitan community.
Two-layer quasi-geostrophic turbulence in a simple special case

Abstract In the case of equal layer depths and uniform vertical energy density, the quadratic integral invariants of two-layer rotating flow are close analogs of the corresponding invariants of two-dimensional turbulence. A simple theory based on the invariants and on the selection rules governing triad interactions qualitatively explains the major features of forced equilibrium flow. The general physical picture is very similar to that of Rhines (1977). In the geophysically interesting case. net baroclinic energy is produced at low wavenumbers and moves toward hisher wavenumbers in relatively nonlocal triad interactions which are unhampered by the constraint to conserve enstrophy. The energy converts to barotropic mode and moves back toward low wavenumbers in more local interactions which are similar to those in two-dimensional turbulence. Equilibrium wavenumber spectra are obtainable from a simple Markovian turbulence closure model in which the estimate of turbulent scramhling rate includes a contributi...
Changes in water relations for leaves exposed to a climate-warming manipulation in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado

Abstract Relative water content (RWC) and water potential were compared for leaves of several plant species exposed to a warming manipulation at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, near Crested Butte, Colorado, USA, to test the hypothesis that species-specific changes in water relations parameters will occur in response to future increases in planetary air temperatures. Leaves of Artemisia tridentata, Erigeron speciosus, Festuca thurberi, Helianthella quinquinervis, Potentilla fruticosa, Potentilla gracilis and Rhodiola integrifolia were collected from plants growing in situ in control and infrared (IR)-heated (22 W m −2 ) plots in a meadow near the upper elevational distribution limit for A. tridentata . For six of the seven herbaceous species, RWC was not significantly different from that for A. tridentata (0.903 ± 0.019 on control plots and 0.846 ± 0.031 from heated plots). However, RWC was 0.644 ± 0.04 and 0.596 ± 0.029 for F. thurberi on control and heated plots, respectively. Water potential (ψ) varied from −1.04 MPa for A. tridentata (control plots) to −4.83 MPa for leaves of F. thurberi (heated plots); ψ for the other species ranged from −1.08 MPa ( R. integrifolia on control plots) to −2.62 MPa ( P. gracilis on heated plots). To characterize further the responses of water relations parameters to the IR heating treatment, pressure-volume isotherms were generated for A. tridentata and P. gracilis . Both species exhibited effects of the IR heating treatment on saturated osmotic potential and the relative symplastic water content. Based on changes in osmotic potential and relative water content, an increase in osmotically active solutes was exhibited for leaves collected from plants under heaters. Species-specific patterns of RWC and water potential (as well as effects on cellular water relations) may influence the ability of plant species to cope with changes in soil water content that are expected to occur with global warming for montane ecosystems in the western USA.
A field trial of the effectiveness of behavioral treatment for sexual dysfunctions

The present study was a field trial of behavioral sex therapy for 365 married couples presenting with a range of sexual dysfunctions. Treatment occurred at an outpatient sexual dysfunction clinic of a large medical center using a multidisciplinary staff. Findings supported the external validity of behavioral sex therapy. The success rate for the total sample (65%) was comparable to that of previous investigations, and there were very few dropouts (1.6%) from treatment. In addition, outcomes did not vary significantly as a function of diagnoses, gender, or a history of sexual abuse. The amount of sensate focus completed in the last week of treatment was the strongest predictor of successful treatment. For some diagnoses, however, couple comorbidity reduced treatment success. Results indicated that behavioral sex therapy is effective in real-world clinical settings.
Modeling Seismic Attributes of Pn Waves using the Spectral-Element Method

To investigate the nature of Pn propagation, we have implemented the spectral-element method (SEM) for vertically and laterally varying media with and without attenuation. As a practical measure, essential features of the Pn waves are distilled into seismic attributes including arrival times, amplitudes and pulse frequencies. To validate the SEM simulations, we first compare the SEM results with reflectivity calculations of Braile and Smith (Geophys. J.R. Astr. Soc. 40, 145–176, 1975) and then to the asymptotic results of Cervený and Ravindra (Theory of Seismic Headwaves, University of Toronto Press, pp. 235–250, 1971). Models with random, laterally varying Moho structures are then simulated, where the amplitude and pulse frequency characteristics are found to be stable to small Moho interface perturbations. SEM calculations for models with different upper-mantle velocity gradients are next performed where it is found that interference effects can strongly influence the Pn amplitudes and pulses frequencies. For larger-scale, laterally varying structures, SEM models similar to that found along the Hi-CLIMB array in Tibet are then performed. It is observed that large-scale structures, along with small-scale structures, upper-mantle velocity gradients and attenuation, can all significantly affect the Pn attributes. Ambiguities between upper-mantle velocity gradients and attenuation are also found when using Pn amplitudes and pulse frequency attributes. These ambiguities may be resolved, to some degree, by using the curvature of the travel times at longer regional distance, however, this would also be complicated by lateral variability.
Dynamic non-preemptive single machine scheduling

Abstract Considering a dynamic single machine problem in which operations cannot be split, we first develop a decision theory based heuristic called DT-TD (Decision Theory-Tactically Delayed) of computational complexity O ( n 2 ). Using a simple look-ahead procedure, it produces, actically delayed (TD) schedules. We then develop a branch-and-bound (BB) algorithm (which uses DT-TD to obtain the initial upper bound) to obtain the optimum schedule. The optimum schedules are examined to identify conditions where TD schedules are necessary. Results based on 540 test problems suggest that TD schedules are important, for job shop scheduling under the range of conditions examined, when due dates are arbitrary and utilization is low. Additional test results indicate that the difference between the optimum schedule and the optimum non-delay schedule could be substantial. Finally, the performance of the DT-TD heuristic is analyzed by comparing its solution to the optimum solution obtained using the BB algorithm. The results indicate that the DT-TD heuristic is effective.
Bile duct changes in alcoholic liver disease

The histologic significance of various changes in the bile ductal structures as observed by cytokeratin immunoperoxidase assay was studied in 122 patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) as a part of a large Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on alcoholic hepatitis. Four types of morphologic changes in the biliary structures were observed: 1) proliferation of interlobular bile ducts in the portal tracts; 2) marginal bile ductular proliferation at the periphery of the portal tracts; 3) appearance of bile duct type cells ("oval cells") in the liver parenchyma; and 4) metaplasia of bile duct epithelium to cells resembling hepatocytes. These bile ductal changes correlated strongly with liver fibrosis (p = 0.0003; 0.0003; 0.05; 0.0035, for 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively), cirrhosis (p < 0.0001 for all four parameters), portal inflammation (p < 0.0001 for 1, 2, and 4; p = 0.0024 for "oval cells"), and with overall histologic severity scores (p < 0.0001; p = 0.0001; p = 0.0017; p = 0.0005, respectively). However, these changes did not correlate significantly with fatty change, parenchymal degeneration and necrosis, cellular infiltrate or Kupffer cell hyperplasia, suggesting that they are probably not the direct consequences of liver cell necrosis. Periportal piecemeal necrosis correlated significantly with both portal bile duct (p = 0.0041) and marginal (p = 0.0078) bile ductular proliferation. Among all these changes, only marginal bile ductular proliferation correlated significantly with Mallory bodies present both in the hepatocytes (p = 0.05) and the bile ducts (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abasic Oligodeoxyribonucleoside Phosphorothioates as Inhibitors of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Phosphorothioate Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase and Interactions with Syrian Hampster Fibroblast (V79) Cells

Abstract An abasic oligonucleoside phosphosphorothioate has been synthesized and evaluated as an inhibitor of HIV-I reverse transcriptase. The cellular binding to and mutagenicity of the abasic phosphorothioate with Syrian hampster fibroblasts have also been evaluated.
Induction of heme oxygenase-1 attenuates sFlt-1-induced hypertension in pregnant rats

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of fetal and maternal morbidity, affecting 5–10% of all pregnancies, and lacks an effective treatment. The exact etiology of the disorder is unclear, ...
Towards understanding fairness judgments associated with computer performance monitoring: An integration of the feedback, justice, and monitoring research

Abstract We integrate and extend research and theory on organizational justice, performance feedback, and performance monitoring to develop a model of individuals' reactions to computer monitoring. The model proposes that the perceived interpersonal and procedural fairness of monitoring-related feedback are key to understanding individuals' attitudinal and performance reactions to monitoring. Based on the feedback, justice, and monitoring literatures, the model further suggests that feedback constructiveness, feedback source (whether monitored employees receive feedback from the computer monitoring system or from their supervisors), and control over the feedback are three key feedback dimensions expected to drive fairness judgments. Implications for management and research on feedback, justice, and computer monitoring are described.
Lead pollution in soils adjacent to homes in Tampa, Florida.

In the United States, the study of lead pollution in soil has focused on older cities throughout the industrialised northern tier of states often referred to as the rust belt. Researchers have not studied the magnitude and extent of contamination in the newly developed portions of the sunbelt region of the south. In order to assess the significance of lead pollution in soils in these areas, an analysis of the lead content in 146 soil samples collected at a one km grid throughout residential portions of Tampa, Florida was undertaken. The results reveal that lead contaminated (>500 μg g−1) soil is present in the older portions of the city and near expressways. A comparison of the results with data collected in an older, northern city demonstrates that the magnitude and extent of the contamination in Tampa are less than found in the larger rust belt city. However, the presence of hazardous levels of lead in soil collected in Tampa is evidence that sunbelt cities must address lead pollution in the urban environment.
Effect of Temperature and Molecular Weight on Binding between Poly(ethylene oxide) and Cationic Surfactant in Aqueous Solutions

The formation of a polymer−surfactant complex upon mixing a nonionic polymer, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), with a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC), is studied by observing the changes in conductivity, specific viscosity (ηsp), and hydrodynamic radius (Rh) in terms of the solution temperature and PEO molecular weight. The conductivity data show clearly that an interaction between PEO and HTAC occurs at a temperature above 25 °C, as indicated by a decrease in the critical association concentration in the presence of PEO relative to the critical micelle concentration of a surfactant in the absence of PEO. Diminishing hydrophilicity of PEO upon increasing temperature is suggested to induce a stronger interaction between PEO and HTAC. The higher the temperature and the PEO molecular weight are, the more pronounced the peaks in ηsp and Rh will be. The amount of surfactant molecules per chain varies with molecular weight, but it is independent of temperature. Our results suggest tha...