cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bottom-Up Coarse-Graining of Peptide Ensembles and Helix–Coil Transitions

This work investigates the capability of bottom-up methods for parametrizing minimal coarse-grained (CG) models of disordered and helical peptides. We consider four high-resolution peptide ensembles that demonstrate varying degrees of complexity. For each high-resolution ensemble, we parametrize a CG model via the multiscale coarse-graining (MS-CG) method, which employs a generalized Yvon-Born-Green (g-YBG) relation to determine potentials directly (i.e., without iteration) from the high-resolution ensemble. The MS-CG method accurately describes high-resolution models that fluctuate about a single conformation. However, given the minimal resolution and simple molecular mechanics potential, the MS-CG method provides a less accurate description for a high-resolution peptide model that samples a disordered ensemble with multiple distinct conformations. We employ an iterative g-YBG method to develop a CG model that more accurately describes the relevant distribution functions and free energy surfaces for this disordered ensemble. Nevertheless, this more accurate model does not reproduce the cooperative helix-coil transition that is sampled by the high resolution model. By comparing the different models, we demonstrate that the errors in the MS-CG model primarily stem from the lack of cooperative interactions afforded by the minimal representation and molecular mechanics potential. This work demonstrates the potential of the MS-CG method for accurately modeling complex biomolecular structures, but also highlights the importance of more complex potentials for modeling cooperative transitions with a minimal CG representation.
220 Cord Blood Chemerin and Obestatin in Large for Gestational Age Infants

Background and aims Increased neonatal adiposity is associated with childhood obesity and subsequent development of adult diseases. Chemerin was recently introduced as a novel adipocytokine inducing insulin resistance and regulating maternal-fetal metabolic homeostasis during pregnancy. Obestatin is a peptide hormone involved in the control of insulin secretion and adipocyte function. This study aimed to assess circulating concentrations of chemerin and obestatin in fetal samples from large-for-gestational-age-(LGA) and appropriate-for-gestational-age-(AGA) pregnancies and investigate their association with gender, parity and delivery mode. Methods Cord blood chemerin and obestatin concentrations were prospectively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 40 LGA (9 born from diabetic mothers and 31 born from non-diabetic mothers) and 40 AGA singleton full-term infants. Results Cord blood chemerin concentrations were significantly higher in LGA compared to AGA neonates, after controlling for confounding factors (b=38.91, p Conclusions Higher chemerin concentrations in LGA neonates, possibly implying predisposition to insulin resistance, may serve as an early prognostic marker for later development of the metabolic syndrome. Lack of difference in obestatin concentrations between LGA and AGA groups could possibly suggest that obestatin may not be directly involved in the regulation of fetal adiposity and insulin sensitivity.
The Strenthening Force Mechanism Design of the Low Speed Inertia Friction Clutch

For disolving the problem that the low speed Inertia Friction Cluch lacks force, this paper designs a kind of hinged mechanism with two strenthening force structures.On the basis of the special design and counting its times of the strenthening force and deciding its runing data, this paper analyses and explains the characters and properties of this kind of strenthening force mechanism.
The thinking about specification tendency of PE model research

This essay analyse the characteristic of the model of PE teaching and rebut the opinion of the model of PE teaching must decide its application scope and its corresponding teaching methods.I think there is essential difference between the model of PE teaching and the concrete teaching. The specific research of the model of PE teaching can't give well free to teacher's initiativeness and creativeness.We should pay attention to the following three aspects in deepening the model of PE teaching: Firstly, we should acquire a correct outlook towards the model of PE teaching.Secondly, streng then the comparative research of the model of PE teaching.Thirdly, pay more attention to the new model of PE teaching after its reformation.
Analysis of prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in some district of Ma'anshan

Objective To study the current situation of diabetes mellitus among residents in Ma'anshan,determine risk factors of diabetes mellitus,and provide elaborate information for policy development for preventing and controlling diabetes mellitus.Methods The probability proportional to size(PPS) sampling method and KISH table were adopted to recruit the objects,who accepted questionnaire investigation,body measurement and laboratory detection.Results The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 13.1%.There was statistical association between age,family history,blood fat,overweight or obesity and diabetes mellitus by one-way analysis(P0.05).Multiple logistic stepwise regression analysis suggested that the family history(OR=3.45),blood fat(OR=2.52),overweight or obesity(OR=1.65) were the independent risk factors for diabetes mellitus.Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Ma'anshan was high,but the residents were short of awareness of the disease prevention.Therefore,health education should be enhanced and early intervention should be carried out to reduce diabetes and raise the survival quality of diabetes patients.
Development of a Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience to Introduce Drug-Receptor Concepts

Course-based research experiences (CUREs) are currently of high interest due to their potential for engaging undergraduate students in authentic research and maintaining their interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors. As part of a campus-wide initiative called STEMCats, which is a living learning program offered to freshman STEM majors at the University of Kentucky funded by a grant from Howard Hughes Medical Institute, we have developed a CURE for freshmen interested in pursuing health care careers. Our course, entitled “Drug–Drug Interactions in Breast Cancer,” utilized a semester-long, in-class authentic research project and instructor-led discussions to engage students in a full spectrum of research activities, ranging from developing hypotheses and experimental design to generating original data, collaboratively interpreting results and presenting a poster at a campus-wide symposium. Student’s feedback indicated a positive impact on scientific understanding and skills, enhanced teamwork and communication skills, as well as high student engagement, motivation, and STEM belonging. STEM belonging is defined as the extent to which a student may view the STEM fields as places where they belong. The results obtained from this pilot study, while preliminary, will be useful for guiding design revisions and generating appropriate objective evaluations of future pharmacological-based CUREs.
New therapeutic approaches in atopic dermatitis.

Novel approaches to the therapy for atopic dermatitis (AD) can now be considered because of recent advances in the pathogenesis of the disease. Several of these concepts are being tested in clinical trials. The effectiveness of cyclosporin A, plus reports of adoptive transfer of AD, or its clearing, following bone marrow transplantation, verify the criticalness of immune cells in AD pathogenesis. Thus, there is renewed interest in immunosuppressives, such as azathioprine and methotrexate, as well as new adhesion molecule and T-cell activation inhibitors. Therapy with the T-cell lymphokine, interferon-gamma, or the thymic hormone, thymopentin, is designed to inhibit the IL-4-dominated response of AD T-cells. This approach, rather than directly suppressing all immune responsiveness, represents a more specific targeting to improve the balance of a chronically disordered immune response. Recent findings of a therapeutic advantage of longer-wavelength phototherapy over UVB therapy may relate to specific immunologic events following UVB vs UVA photoinjury that are critical to the exacerbation of AD. Complex herbal mixtures used in traditional Chinese medicine are currently being evaluated, but toxicity and palatability may be limiting. Other dietary approaches, such as modifying the lipid balance, have generally not had much benefit. Because the safety and efficacy of the above treatments need further exploration, the physician must continue to utilize fundamental methods, such as mitigating trigger factors (i.e., microbes and stress, and certain foods in persons with documented sensitivity), on improving the abnormal epidermal lipid barrier to irritation, and on reducing cutaneous inflammation with mild topical steroids.
A new and inexpensive non-bit-for-bit solution reproducibility test based on time step convergence (TSC1.0)

Abstract. A test procedure is proposed for identifying numerically significant solution changes in evolution equations used in atmospheric models. The test issues a fail signal when any code modifications or computing environment changes lead to solution differences that exceed the known time step sensitivity of the reference model. Initial evidence is provided using the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 5.3 that the proposed procedure can be used to distinguish rounding-level solution changes from impacts of compiler optimization or parameter perturbation, which are known to cause substantial differences in the simulated climate. The test is not exhaustive since it does not detect issues associated with diagnostic calculations that do not feedback to the model state variables. Nevertheless, it provides a practical and objective way to assess the significance of solution changes. The short simulation length implies low computational cost. The independence between ensemble members allows for parallel execution of all simulations, thus facilitating fast turnaround. The new method is simple to implement since it does not require any code modifications. We expect that the same methodology can be used for any geophysical model to which the concept of time step convergence is applicable.
Sequence Directed Formation of Covalent Protein-DNA Bonds

We have developed a novel method for linking proteins to DNA based on the HUH endonuclease family. HUH endonucleases are involved in replication of ssDNA in viruses and mobile bacterial plasmids. The HUH domain of the endonuclease nicks ssDNA at a specific sequence near the origin of replication, resulting in formation of a covalent phosphotyrosine intermediate between the DNA and catalytic tyrosine in the HUH protein. We have adapted these nucleases into small, soluble protein tags which robustly react with unmodified single-stranded DNA to form stable covalent bonds. We have shown that five of these proteins react with fully orthogonal DNA sequences and can be used for “one-pot”, site-specific labeling of complex structures. Three tags have shown robust activity in cultured mammalian cells, allowing single-step DNA-based fluorescent labeling of fusion proteins. We believe that this technology can expand the possibilities for DNA nanotechnology, both in vitro and in cultured cells.
7-Cycle pulses from an Er-fiber laser with self-similar evolution in comb-like dispersion-decreasing fiber

Self-similar evolution in a comb-like dispersion-decreasing fiber inside an erbium fiber laser is demonstrated. The laser generates 37-fs and 1.3-nJ pulses, which equal the shortest from an Er fiber laser but with 4 times the peak power.
Stability of Drugs, Drug Candidates, and Metabolites in Blood and Plasma

Determination of drug or drug metabolite concentrations in biological samples, particularly in serum or plasma, is fundamental to describing the relationships between administered dose, route of administration, and time after dose for achieving the optimal clinical response. While a well-characterized, accurate analytical method is needed to define these parameters, it must also be established that the analyte concentration in the sample at the time of analysis is identical to the concentration at sample acquisition. This is necessitated by the fact that drugs and their metabolites are susceptible to degradation in samples due to metabolism or to physical and chemical processes, resulting in a lower measured concentration than was in the original sample. Careful examination of analyte stability during processing and storage and, if necessary, adjustment of procedures and conditions to maximize stability, are a critical component of method validation to ensure the accuracy of the data. The protocols provided in this unit address the stability of the analytes in whole blood and blood-derived samples prior to sample preparation for analysis. Issues addressed include sample acquisition, processing of whole blood, and storage of blood-derived samples. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Severe Hypertriglyceridemia Induced by Sirolimus Treated With Medical Management Without Plasmapheresis: A Case Report.

Summary:Hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia are the most remarkable metabolic complications seen with long-term sirolimus therapy. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman status post bilatera...
SaeRS Is Responsive to Cellular Respiratory Status and Regulates Fermentative Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Biofilms are multicellular communities of microorganisms living as a quorum rather than as individual cells. The bacterial human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus uses oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor during respiration. Infected human tissues are hypoxic or anoxic. We recently reported that impaired respiration elicits a programmed cell lysis (PCL) phenomenon in S. aureus leading to the release of cellular polymers that are utilized to form biofilms. PCL is dependent upon the AtlA murein hydrolase and is regulated, in part, by the SrrAB two-component regulatory system (TCRS). In the current study we report that the SaeRS TCRS also governs fermentative biofilm formation by positively influencing AtlA activity. The SaeRS modulated factor fibronectin-binding protein A (FnBPA) also contributed to the fermentative biofilm formation phenotype. SaeRS-dependent biofilm formation occurred in response to changes in cellular respiratory status. Genetic evidence presented suggests that a high cellular titer of phosphorylated SaeR is required for biofilm formation. Epistasis analyses found that SaeRS and SrrAB influence biofilm formation independent of one another. Analyses using a mouse model of orthopedic implant-associated biofilm formation found that both SaeRS and SrrAB govern host colonization. Of these two TCRSs, SrrAB was the dominant system driving biofilm formation in vivo . We propose a model wherein impaired cellular respiration stimulates SaeRS, via an as yet undefined signal molecule(s), resulting in increasing expression of AtlA and FnBPA and biofilm formation.
The Molecular Machinery of Chloroplast Division

Recent studies advance understanding of the mechanisms, spatial control, and regulation of chloroplast division, but many questions remain.
The calcium channel proteins ORAI3 and STIM1 mediate TGF-β induced Snai1 expression

// Atrayee Bhattacharya 1 , Janani Kumar 1, 2 , Kole Hermanson 1 , Yuyang Sun 1, 3 , Humaira Qureshi 1, 4 , Danielle Perley 1 , Adam Scheidegger 1 , Brij B. Singh 1, 3 and Archana Dhasarathy 1 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA 2 Present address: MD Anderson Cancer Center, Mitchell Basic Sciences Research Building, TX, USA 3 Present address: UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA 4 Present address: Habib University, University Avenue, Gulistan-e-Jauhar, Karachi, Pakistan Correspondence to: Archana Dhasarathy, email: archana.dhasarathy@med.und.edu Keywords: calcium; TGF-β; SNAIL; EMT; ORAI3 Received: March 15, 2018 Accepted: June 09, 2018 Published: June 29, 2018 ABSTRACT Calcium influx into cells via plasma membrane protein channels is tightly regulated to maintain cellular homeostasis. Calcium channel proteins in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum have been linked to cancer, specifically during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cell state transition process implicated in both cancer cell migration and drug resistance. The transcription factor SNAI1 (SNAIL) is upregulated during EMT and is responsible for gene expression changes associated with EMT, but the calcium channels required for Snai1 expression remain unknown. In this study, we show that blocking store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) with 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2APB) reduces cell migration but, paradoxically, increases the level of TGF-β dependent Snai1 gene activation. We determined that this increased Snai1 transcription involves signaling through the AKT pathway and subsequent binding of NF-κB (p65) at the Snai1 promoter in response to TGF-β. We also demonstrated that the calcium channel protein ORAI3 and the stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) are required for TGF-β dependent Snai1 transcription. These results suggest that calcium channels differentially regulate cell migration and Snai1 transcription, indicating that each of these steps could be targeted to ensure complete blockade of cancer progression.
Ultrathin van der Waals Metalenses.

Ultrathin and flat optical lenses are essential for modern optical imaging, spectroscopy, and energy harvesting. Dielectric metasurfaces comprising nanoscale quasi-periodic resonator arrays are promising for such applications, as they can tailor the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light at subwavelength resolution, enabling multifunctional optical elements. To achieve 2π phase coverage, however, most dielectric metalenses need a thickness comparable to the wavelength, requiring the fabrication of high-aspect-ratio scattering elements. We report ultrathin dielectric metalenses made of van der Waals (vdW) materials, leveraging their high refractive indices and the incomplete phase design approach to achieve device thicknesses down to ∼λ/10, operating at infrared and visible wavelengths. These materials have generated strong interest in recent years due to their advantageous optoelectronic properties. Using vdW metalenses, we demonstrate near-diffraction-limited focusing and imaging and exploit their l...
Classification of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Lesions now classified as rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children are as a rule comprised of very primitive cells which do not show obvious features of fully developed muscle. It is not surprising that the early attempts to classify this group of tumors focused upon tumors that showed some recognizable features of skeletal muscle such as cross-striations. Stout (1946) gave credit to Weber as the first to describe such a tumor in 1854 in his classical description of RMS of the skeletal muscles. Weber described a patient who had a protruding tongue for several years that developed an obvious tumor mass about the size of a hand when it was removed at 21 years of age. The tissue consisted of small round or oval cells or nuclei with only scanty cytoplasm. A large proportion of the cells showed cross-striations. The conclusion of that author was that these cells were growing normal muscle fibers which were in different stages of development. He compared the microscopic appearance of these cells to those of a 4-5-month-old human embryo, but could not explain the tumor cells with scanty cytoplasm. He believed that these tumor cells developed out of inflammatory exudate which was found in the area of the excision. In retrospect, there can be little doubt that this was a neoplasm which would be diagnosed as an RMS today; it had enough cross-striations present to recognize that the tumors cells had a skeletal muscle origin.
Conclusion: Our Crisis of Authenticity

This is the final chapter of a detailed reading on the interplay between the authentic politics, theatrical politics, and institutional politics. McCool provides an explanation as to how the politics of authenticity became a cultural force for the Rousseau-inspired left in the 1960s and how right-wing populism has co-opted its anti-establishment ethos ever since, culminating in the crisis of Trumpism. He provides examples in which motive, intention, and private lives have become more central to political analysis than those things that are “outside and between” us, as Arendt urges. We are in a dangerous moment, warns McCool; the “tell-it-like-it-is” style, ironically, often does not correspond to the shared set of facts that a liberal democracy requires.
THE DRIFTLESS READER: Edited by Curt Meine and Keefe Keeley. xxxix and 348 pp.; maps, diagrs., ills., bibliog., index. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2017. $18.95 (cloth), isbn 9780299314804.

Thirteen years ago, shortly before Hurricane Katrina, I left New Orleans for Dubuque, Iowa. When I first committed to visiting Dubuque, I expected to fly from the flat Mississippi Delta to the flat...
The “Bad” French of Justin Trudeau: When Language, Ideology, and Politics Collide

This article discusses the ideological underpinnings and sociolinguistic factors driving the pervasive negative social discourse on the quality of the French language spoken by Canada’s current Pri...
Corporate Governance of SIFI Risk-Taking

This Inaugural Lecture in the Distinguished Visitor Public Lecture Series of Trinity College Dublin School of Law synthesizes, in a readily accessible form, several of my recent articles examining why and how governments should regulate risk-taking by banks and other systemically important financial institutions. Among other things, the Lecture argues that corporate governance law itself can cause excessive risk-taking by focusing corporate managers on consequences to the firm and its investors, largely ignoring systemic externalities that can harm the public. Additionally, the Lecture argues that even perfect regulation of systemically important firms will be insufficient because the failure of critical financial markets can also trigger a systemic economic collapse.
Aza-proline effectively mimics l-proline stereochemistry in triple helical collagen.

The prevalence of L-amino acids in biomolecules has been shown to have teleological importance in biomolecular structure and self-assembly. Recently, biophysical studies have demonstrated that natural L-amino acids can be replaced with non-natural achiral aza-amino acids in folded protein structures such as triple helical collagen. However, the structural consequences of achiral aza-amino acid incorporation has not been elucidated in the context of any relevant folded biomolecule. Herein, we use X-ray crystallography to provide the first atomic resolution crystal structure of an achiral aza-amino acid residue embedded within a folded protein structure, definitively illustrating that achiral aza-proline has the capacity to effectively mimic the stereochemistry of natural amino acids within the context of triple helical collagen. We further corroborate this finding with density functional theory computational analysis showing that the natural L-amino acid stereochemistry for aza-proline is energetically favored when arranged in the aza-proline-hydroxyproline-glycine motif. In addition to providing fundamental insight into peptide and protein structure, the incorporation of achiral stereochemical mimics such as aza-amino acids could have far reaching impacts in areas ranging from synthetic materials to drug design.
N-Acetyl Cysteine Is Associated With Dopaminergic Improvement in Parkinson's Disease.

This study assessed the biological and clinical effects in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), the prodrug to l-cysteine, a precursor to the natural biological antioxidant glutathione. Forty-two patients with PD were randomized to either weekly intravenous infusions of NAC (50 mg/kg) plus oral doses (500 mg twice per day) for 3 months or standard of care only. Participants received prebrain and postbrain imaging with ioflupane (DaTscan) to measure dopamine transporter (DAT) binding. In the NAC group, significantly increased DAT binding was found in the caudate and putamen (mean increase from 3.4% to 8.3%) compared with controls (P < 0.05), along with significantly improved PD symptoms (P < 0.0001). The results suggest NAC may positively affect the dopaminergic system in patients with PD, with corresponding positive clinical effects. Larger scale studies are warranted.
High spectral purity silicon ring resonator photon-pair source

Here we present the experimental demonstration of a Silicon ring resonator photon-pair source. The crystalline Silicon ring resonator (radius of 18.5μm) was designed to realize low dispersion across multiple resonances, which allows for operation with a high quality factor of Q~50k. In turn, the source exhibits very high brightness of >3x105 photons/s/mW2/GHz since the produced photon pairs have a very narrow bandwidth. Furthermore, the waveguidefiber coupling loss was minimized to 1900. The low coupling loss (3dB fiber-fiber) also allowed for operation with very low off-chip pump power of 20nm), which could be used in future wavelength division multiplexed quantum networks.
No Dataset Left Behind: Mechanistic Insights into Thyroid Receptor Signaling Through Transcriptomic Consensome Meta-Analysis.

Background: Discovery-scale omics datasets relevant to thyroid receptors (TRs) and their physiological and synthetic bioactive small-molecule ligands allow for genome-wide interrogation of TR-regulated genes. These datasets have considerable collective value as a reference resource to allow researchers to routinely generate hypotheses addressing the mechanisms underlying the cell biology and physiology of TR signaling in normal and disease states. Methods: Here, we searched the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify a population of publicly archived transcriptomic datasets involving genetic or pharmacological manipulation of either TR isoform in a mouse tissue or cell line. After initial quality control, samples were organized into contrasts (experiments), and transcript differential expression values and associated measures of significance were generated and committed to a consensome (for consensus omics) meta-analysis pipeline. To gain insight into tissue-selective functions of TRs, we generated liver- and central nervous system (CNS)-specific consensomes and identified evidence for genes that were selectively responsive to TR signaling in each organ. Results: The TR transcriptomic consensome ranks genes based on the frequency of their significant differential expression over the entire group of experiments. The TR consensome assigns elevated rankings both to known TR-regulated genes and to genes previously uncharacterized as TR-regulated, which shed mechanistic light on known cellular and physiological roles of TR signaling in different organs. We identify evidence for unreported genomic targets of TR signaling for which it exhibits strikingly distinct regulatory preferences in the liver and CNS. Moreover, the intersection of the TR consensome with consensomes for other cellular receptors sheds light on transcripts potentially mediating crosstalk between TRs and these other signaling paradigms. Conclusions: The mouse TR datasets and consensomes are freely available in the Signaling Pathways Project website for hypothesis generation, data validation, and modeling of novel mechanisms of TR regulation of gene expression. Our results demonstrate the insights into the mechanistic basis of thyroid hormone action that can arise from an ongoing commitment on the part of the research community to the deposition of discovery-scale datasets.
Iterative Test Generation for Gate-Exhaustive Faults to Cover the Sites of Undetectable Target Faults

Gate-exhaustive faults address the fact that not all the defect mechanisms and behaviors are known in advance, and not all of them can be translated into fault models. Therefore, it is advantageous to ensure that a test set covers unexpected defects by exhaustive testing of gates or subcircuits. This paper observes that these properties make gate-exhaustive faults suitable for providing extra coverage for sites where coverage is missing because of undetectable target faults from other fault models. Undetectable faults result from logic redundancy, and leave circuit sites uncovered. To allow subcircuits to be considered as gates while avoiding the need to consider large numbers of faults, the gate-exhaustive approach is applied selectively. Instead of using all the input patterns of every gate, the iterative procedure described in this paper uses increasing numbers of input patterns of gates that include undetectable target faults in order to achieve a coverage goal for these faults. Experimental results demonstrate the extent to which it is possible to cover the sites of undetectable single stuck-at faults using tests for gate-exhaustive faults.
Demonstration of Large-Size Vertical Ga 2 O 3 Schottky Barrier Diodes

Large-size vertical β -Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with various device areas were demonstrated on a Si-doped n -type drift layer grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on bulk Sn-doped (001) n -type β -Ga2O3 substrate. In this letter, the devices have two circular contacts with a diameter of 1500 and 500 μm and two square contacts with dimensions of 1600 × 1600 μm2 and 800 × 800 μm2, corresponding to the area of 0.2 × 10−2 cm2 (the smallest device), 0.6 × 10−2, 1.8 × 10−2, and 2.6 × 10−2 cm2 (the largest device). The breakdown voltage ( BV ) was determined to be −261 V for the largest device and −427 V for the smallest device. Also, the ideality factor ( η ) of vertical Ga2O3 SBDs with different device areas exhibited the same value of 1.07, except for the largest device area of 2.6 × 10−2 cm2 with an ideality factor of 1.21. At an applied forward bias of VF = 2 V, the specific on -state resistance ( RonA ) of all the Ga2O3 SBDs remains relatively low with values ranging from 1.43 × 10−2 Ω cm2 to 7.73 × 10−2 Ω cm2. The measured turn- on voltage ( Von ) of all the SBDs remains low with a narrow distribution.
Risk Premia and the Real Effects of Money

This paper proposes a flexible-price theory of the role of money in an economy with incomplete idiosyncratic risk sharing. When the risk premium goes up, money provides a safe store of value that prevents interest rates from falling, reducing investment. Investment is too high during booms when risk is low, and too low during slumps when risk is high. Monetary policy cannot correct this: money is superneutral and Ricardian equivalence holds. The optimal allocation requires the Friedman rule and a tax/subsidy on capital. The real effects of money survive even in the cashless limit.
Modeling daily and weekly moderate and vigorous physical activity using zero‐inflated mixture Poisson distribution

Recently developed accelerometer devices have been used in large epidemiological studies for continuous and objective monitoring of physical activities. Typically, physical movements are summarized as minutes in light, moderate, and vigorous physical activities in each wearing day. Because of preponderance of zeros, zero-inflated distributions have been used for modeling the daily moderate or higher levels of physical activity. Yet, these models do not fully account for variations in daily physical activity and cannot be extended to model weekly physical activity explicitly, while the weekly physical activity is considered as an indicator for a subject's average level of physical activity. To overcome these limitations, we propose to use a zero-inflated Poisson mixture distribution that can model daily and weekly physical activity in same family of mixture distributions. Under this method, the likelihood of an inactive day and the amount of exercise in an active day are simultaneously modeled by a joint random effects model to incorporate heterogeneity across participants. If needed, the method has the flexibility to include an additional random effect to address extra variations in daily physical activity. Maximum likelihood estimation can be obtained through Gaussian quadrature technique, which is implemented conveniently in an R package GLMMadaptive. Method performances are examined using simulation studies. The method is applied to data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos to examine the relationship between physical activity and BMI groups and within a participant the difference in physical activity between weekends and weekdays.
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamical Metamaterials

We introduce the concept of designing new optical materials from “meta-atoms” comprised of matter ultra-strongly-coupled to an optical cavity. Such “strongly-coupled” materials can have surprising properties, such as metallic behavior at low frequencies.
C-FLEX Advanced Finite Element Analysis Program for Flexible Pavement Analysis and Design:

The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has initiated an effort to modernize the Department of Defense (DOD) pavement design and evaluation...
Prostate cancer intensive, non-cross reactive therapy (PRINT) for CRPC: Interim analysis of efficacy endpoints.

e17027Background: The standard mCRPC treatment paradigm, with sequential single agents administered until resistance, may be limited due to heterogenous tumors comprised of clones differentially se...
Optimal Design of Camera Network with Wireless Connectivity Constraints

In this paper, we develop a unified framework to design a video surveillance network which also ensures that the selected cameras form a fully connected wireless network. The importance of including the wireless connectivity constraints in the design process is established. The results also show how the total number of cameras in the network can be traded-off with the number of terminals at which these cameras are installed. The advantages of including multiple camera types in the design is shown in reducing the minimum number of cameras that are needed. Essentially, our results allow these multiple camera types to be optimally selected to better tile and cover the desired area.
Black-White racial disparities in health care utilization and self-reported health among cancer survivors: The role of food insecurity

Background Non-Hispanic Blacks continue to have worse cancer outcomes than non-Hispanic Whites. Suboptimal health care utilization and poor self-reported health among non-Hispanic Blacks contribute to these disparities. The relationship between race, food security status (FSS), and health care utilization or self-reported health among cancer survivors is not clear. This study aims to fill this gap in the science. Methods The 2011-2018 National Health Interview Survey data were used. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between race (non-Hispanic Whites or non-Hispanic Blacks), FSS (high, marginal, low, or very low), health care utilization, and self-reported health among cancer survivors. Analyzed health care utilization measures included cost-related medication underuse (CRMU), cost-related delayed care, cost-related forgone care, seeing/talking to a medical specialist, seeing/talking to a general doctor, and overnight hospital stay. Results A higher proportion of Blacks reported very low food security in comparison with Whites (10.58% vs 4.24%; P ≤ .0001). Blacks were significantly less likely to report a medical specialist visit and more likely to report fair/poor health in the past 12 months even after adjustments for FSS. There was a dose-response relationship between FSS and CRMU, cost-related delayed care, cost-related forgone care, overnight hospital stay, and self-reported health status for both Whites and Blacks. Conclusions Significant disparities in health care utilization and self-reported health across race and FSS persist among cancer survivors. Interventions that target food insecurity have the potential to reduce suboptimal health care utilization and self-reported health among cancer survivors.
Exacting Inclusion: Property Theory, the Character of Government Action, and Implicit Takings

ABSTRACT Recent takings cases challenging inclusionary housing ordinances tap into an ongoing controversy about whether government interventions in the housing market do more harm than good. But they also raise much more general questions about takings law. This article uses the controversy raised by the recent housing cases to probe the relationship between the Supreme Court's regulatory takings jurisprudence and its exaction takings jurisprudence and to suggest a more coherent approach to implicit takings. The Court's exaction takings jurisprudence is well-designed if it is applied appropriately. As a general matter, it encourages the mitigation of socially harmful nuisances, incentivizes developers to make socially desirable decisions about how to develop their properties, and protects private property from overreaching administrators who might abuse their discretion to usurp surplus from the owners' development projects. This article offers guidelines for determining when the Court's exaction takings jurisprudence should apply. It also proposes that, in some circumstances, a property owner should be able to make an exaction takings claim and a regulatory takings claim. Finally, it offers a roadmap for analyzing implicit takings claims more coherently. Under that roadmap, whether inclusionary housing programs should be subjected to the nexus and rough proportionality tests depends upon how they are designed. Keywords: Inclusionary housing, Regulations, Exactions, Administrative discretion, Nuisances, Economic Efficiency, Implicit takings.
The Contribution of Racism-Related Stress and Adversity to Disparities in Birth Outcomes: Evidence and Research Recommendations

Abstract Racial and ethnic differences in adverse birth outcomes and infant mortality are some of the largest and most persistent health disparities in the U.S. today. This narrative review article synthesizes existing literature to present a conceptual model of how racism-related stress and adversity are critical determinants of such disparities. We describe how historical and ongoing racism has created conditions wherein women of color are disproportionately exposed to chronic, multilayered stress and adversity, and how the biological consequences of exposure to these stressors confers risk for adverse birth outcomes. Next, we identify important priorities and considerations for future research, including the heterogeneity of racism-related stressors, biomarkers and mechanisms, chronicity and sensitive periods of exposure, developmental programming of lifespan health, resilience, and community-engaged research methodologies.
Scaling Moore’s Wall: A Public-Private Partnership in Search of a Technological Revolution

The decline of corporate research and vertical disintegration of supply chains in many industries has led to an innovation ecosystem increasingly reliant on linkages between institutions. These shifts present new challenges for long-term technology development. Pre-commercial public-private research consortia offer one policy response, and yet the majority of past research has focused on public-private consortia created for short-term (1- to 3-years out) technology development and technology catch-up. Based on unprecedented access to archives of the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC), publically available data, 50 semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, we examine how one public-private partnership, the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative (NRI), emerged in response to arguably the most significant presumptive anomaly of our time: the end of Moore’s Law. NRI aimed to bridge the semiconductor industry’s past 40 years of unprecedented technology development — captured by Moore’s Law — with a radically new (and, as of this writing, not-yet-discovered) technology that will maintain this development indefinitely. We describe and analyze the processes by which NRI emerged. Building on a long history of collaborative university-industry research programs managed by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC), we suggest the NRI played a coordinating role within the scientific community. Specifically, we show how NRI incorporated industry expertise in manufacturing and design to inform and shape academic research aimed at inventing a successor to CMOS technology. We conclude by questioning the extent to which the effort was appropriately suited to the nature and importance of the end-of-Moore’s Law challenge and the extent to which lessons from NRI may be generalized to a broader set of industrial contexts requiring coordination to overcome major technological discontinuities. Given that the NRI program was ongoing as of the terminal date of our study, we make no normative judgment about NRI’s success or failure in meeting its objectives.
Amino acid sequence of a novel integrin beta 4 subunit and primary expression of the mRNA in epithelial cells.

Abstract Using the polymerase chain reaction, we have isolated cDNA clones that encode a new integrin beta subunit--beta 4. Its cDNA, which is 5676 bp in length, has one long coding sequence (5256 bp), a polyadenylation signal and a poly(A) tail. The deduced sequence of 1752 amino acids is unique among the integrin beta subunits. It contains a putative signal sequence as well as a transmembrane domain that divides the molecule into an extracellular domain at the N-terminal side and a cytoplasmic domain at the C-terminal side. The extracellular domain exhibits a 4-fold repeat of cysteine-rich motif similar to those of other integrin beta subunits. Certain features of the extracellular domain, however, are unique to the beta 4 subunit sequence. Of the 56 conserved cysteine residues found within the extracellular domain of other mature beta subunits, eight such residues are deleted from the beta 4 subunit sequence. The cytoplasmic domain is much larger (approximately 1000 amino acids) than those of other beta subunits (approximately 50 amino acids) and has no significant homology with them. A protein homology search revealed that the beta 4 subunit cytoplasmic domain has four repeating units that are homologous to the type III repetition exhibited by fibronectin. The beta 4 subunit mRNA was expressed primarily in epithelial cells. The restricted expression and the new structural features distinguish the integrin beta 4 subunit from other integrin beta subunits.
Infarction of the Cervical Spinal Cord Following Multilevel Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection: Case Report and Review of the Literature

AbstractBackground/Objective: Transforaminal epidural steroid injection is a widely utilized nonsurgical strategy for the management of cervical radicular and axial pain. The technique has been shown to be efficacious in relieving the patients' symptoms. Although effective, there are a range of possible complications associated with this procedure. We report the case of a patient with an acute infarction of the cervical spinal cord after a multilevel transforaminal epidural steroid injection.Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of a single case.Results: The patient suffered an acute brainstem and cervical spinal cord infarction despite the use of many techniques to minimize the occurrence of vascular injury during the procedure. The patient regained some function after medical and physical therapy.Conclusions: This complication, to our knowledge, has only been reported in the literature on 2 other occasions and serves as a reminder of the potentially devastating consequences of performing pr...
Punk, Metal and American Religions

Since their inception in the 1970s, ‘hard’ musical genres such as heavy metal and punk rock have come under attack for their criticism of institutionalized religion and their desecration of religious symbols. However, recent academic scholarship offers a more complex interpretation of the relationship between heavy metal/punk music and religion. Heavy metal and punk rock artists articulated a range of religious beliefs. Christian heavy metal bands used the Judeo-Christian religious symbolism deployed by secular bands as an entry point for a cultural conversation with mainstream heavy metal. Also, punk drew from a variety of traditions – including Rastafarianism, Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Scholars have also suggested that fans have created music-based subcultures – including metal, straight edge, ‘do-it-yourself’– that function as extra-institutional religions by providing a sense of identity and community as well as an ethical code for living.
Understanding the Effect of Prizes on Response Rates.

A controlled experiment is used in a survey of high school students to investigate the effect on response rates of prizes awarded for responding to a survey.
Accent in Uspanteko

Uspanteko (Guatemala; ∼2000 speakers) is an endangered K’ichean-branch Mayan language. It is unique among the K’ichean languages in having innovated a system of contrastive pitch accent, which operates alongside a separate system of non-contrastive stress. The prosody of Uspanteko is of general typological interest, given the relative scarcity of ‘mixed’ languages employing both stress and lexical pitch. Drawing from a descriptive grammar and from our own fieldwork, we also document some intricate interactions between pitch accent and other aspects of the phonology (stress placement, vowel length, vowel quality, and two deletion processes). While pitch accent is closely tied to morphology, the location of lexical tone is entirely a matter of surface phonology. We propose that the position of pitch accent and stress is determined by three factors: (i) feet are always right-aligned, and preferably iambic; (ii) pitch accent must fall on a stressed syllable; and (iii) pitch accent cannot fall on a final mora. These assumptions derive default final stress, as well as a regular pattern of tone-triggered stress shift. Interactions between prosody and segmental phonotactics are attributed to further constraints on footing. Surprisingly, we find robust evidence for foot structure in Uspanteko, even though these patterns could easily be described in non-metrical terms. Interactions between tone and vowel length also provide evidence for lexical strata within the Uspanteko vocabulary.
To Lease or Not to Lease from Storage Clouds

In this paper, storage clouds are online services for leasing disk storage. A new modeling tool, formulated from empirical data spanning many years, lets organizations rationally evaluate the benefit of using storage clouds versus purchasing hard disk drives. The business of selling infrastructure as a service through the Internet is growing. This technology trend, also known as cloud computing, lets individuals and organizations outsource their IT requirements to remote data centers, paying for only what they use.Several online services currently lease storage infrastructure. These storage clouds let anyone with a credit card purchase storage capacity online, paying a monthly fee for the storage they use. With the significant growth of society's storage requirements, and the availability of pay-per-use online storage services, when should a consumer consider using storage clouds? The paper focuses on the problem of resolving this buy-or-lease storage decision.