cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Visually guided behavior after V1 lesions in young and adult monkeys and its relation to blindsight in humans.

Abstract After lesions of striate cortex in primates, there is still the capacity to detect and localize visual stimuli. In this chapter we review three aspects of our study of this phenomenon in macaques. First, we found that macaques that received their striate lesions as infants had considerably greater ability to detect and localize stimuli than those that received similar lesions as adults. Second, we suggest that the visual functions that survive striate lesions in macaques made in adulthood resemble those in human ‘blindsight’. Third, we report that monkeys with striate lesions made in infancy are able to discriminate direction of visual motion.
A circulating ligand for galectin-3 is a haptoglobin-related glycoprotein elevated in individuals with colon cancer.

Background & Aims: Galectin-3 is a β-galactoside-binding protein implicated in tumor progression and metastasis of colorectal cancers. To determine whether circulating galectin-3 ligands are related to the presence of colon cancer, we sought to identify and quantify ligands in serum that bind to galectin-3. Methods: Sera from patients with colon cancer, adenomas, and normal individuals were desialylated, reduced, and separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and blots probed with biotinylated galectin-3. Results: In colon cancer sera, the major galectin-3 ligand was a 40-kilodalton band distinct from mucin, carcinoembryonic antigen, and Mac-2 binding protein. Serum 40-kilodalton ligand was 10- to 30-fold higher in patients with colon cancer than in healthy subjects. Ligand was purified by gel filtration, affinity precipitation on galectin-3/agarose, and SDS-PAGE. When tryptic peptides were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry and protein database searching, the 40-kilodalton ligand was identified as haptoglobin β subunit. In confirmation of this finding, depletion of haptoglobin by immunoprecipitation also eliminated the 40-kilodalton ligand. Colon cancer sera had only a modest increase in total haptoglobin as compared with healthy subjects, suggesting that the structure rather than the amount of haptoglobin is altered in patients with colon cancer. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the absence of haptoglobin in normal colon and the ectopic expression of haptoglobin in colon cancers and adenomatous polyps. Conclusions: A major circulating ligand for galectin-3, which is elevated in the sera of patients with colon cancer, is a cancer-associated glycoform of haptoglobin.
Measuring the effectiveness of a test case

This work is concerned with the effectiveness of test cases used in program testing. It is well known that no matter which test-case selection method is used in program testing, some programming errors can still escape detection because the program may produce fortuitously correct results. One reason why a program may produce a fortuitously correct result is that it contains expressions of the form exp/sub 1/ op exp/sub 2/, and the test case used causes exp/sub 1/ to assume a special value such that exp/sub 1/ op exp/sub 2/=exp/sub 1/ regardless of the value of exp/sub 2/. In that event, if there is an error in exp/sub 2/, it will never be reflected in the test result.
Plasma cocaine and tetracaine levels following application of topical anesthesia in children

Study objectives: To measure plasma cocaine and tetracaine levels in children after standardized application of a solution of tetracaine 0.5%, epinephrine 0.05%, and cocaine 11.8% (TAC) to lacerations requiring suture repair. Design: Nonrandomized, controlled trial over a five-month period. Setting: University hospital emergency department. Type of participants: Stable children less than 16 years of age with uncomplicated lacerations. Measurements and main results: Blood was obtained at either 15 or 20 minutes (early; 32) or 45 or 60 minutes (late; 45) for measurement of plasma cocaine and tetracaine levels. Analysis for cocaine and tetracaine concentrations was performed using gas chromatographymass spectroscopy with a limit of detection for both assays of 0.5 ng/mL. Serum cocaine levels were low but measurable at both times in 75% of children. No tetracaine was measurable. Median cocaine levels were 1 ng/mL (range, 0 to 112 ng/mL) for the early group and 2 ng/mL (range, 0 to 274 ng/mL) for the late group ( P = NS). Only two children had levels of more than 100 ng/mL. No significant correlation between patient or laceration characteristics and cocaine levels was detected. No significant change in heart rate or blood pressure was detected. Children who required additional local anesthesia had nonfacial lacerations and lower cocaine levels than children with facial lacerations. Conclusion: Application of 3 mL of standard TAC solution for 15 minutes results in low but measurable plasma cocaine levels in 75% of children.
High Spatial Resolution Bidirectional Reflectance Retrieval Using Satellite Data

Worldview-2 imagery acquired over Duck, NC and Camp Pendleton, CA were analyzed to extract Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDF) for 8 visible/near-infrared spectral bands. Images were acquired at 15 azimuth/elevation positions at ten-second intervals during the Duck, NC orbit pass. Ten images were acquired over Camp Pendleton, CA. Orthoready images were coregistered using first-order polynomials for the two image sequences. BRDF profiles have been created for various scene elements. MODTRAN simulations are presented to illustrate atmospheric effects under varying collection geometries. Results from analysis of the Camp Pendleton, CA data are presented here.
Wideband Characteristic Mode Tracking

A method is proposed by which a large number of characteristic modes of an arbitrary structure are tracked over a very wide frequency range; it is necessary for any serious wideband modal analysis of complex structures. The method can track a large number of modes using the modal eigenvectors from a generalized eigenvalue problem parameterized by frequency and has been successfully applied to over one hundred antenna geometries. The method is detailed and applied to two distinct geometries and the results discussed.
SU-E-T-308: Dosimetry of a New Minimally Invasive Episcleral Brachytherapy Device

Purpose: Describe the dosimetry of an episcleral brachytherapy device. Methods: The SMD‐I device is designed to treat exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and employs a Sr‐90/Y‐90 source encapsulated in a stainless steel cylinder. The source is welded to a flexible wire allowing it to travel from a shielded vault in the SMD‐I handle to the distal end of a curved cannula to deliver a therapeuticdose of radiation through the sclera to the neovascular target in the subchoroidal space. The SMD‐I handle and vault are comprised of Ultem, a lightweight radiation tolerant plastic, which shields the surgeon. Dose calculations were performed using the MCNPXradiation transport code. The absolute dose rate was determined using radiochromic film (GAFChromatic© MD‐55) at a point in solid water 2.0mm from the source center perpendicular to the cannula. Dose rates at several depths were measured using Kodak EDR2 film in water equivalent phantoms to compare with the absolute dose rate measurement and MCNPX calculations. The surgeon's hand dose received while manipulating the device with the source in the vault was measured using standard TL (thermoluminescence) finger ring dosimeters, TL ChipstratesTM, and calculated with MCNPX.Results: The absolute dose rate 2.0mm from the source center is 0.45 Gy/min/mCi. The EDR2 film results agree with the absolute dose measurement and the MCNPX calculations. The dose rate decreases rapidly with depth so that the dose at the target depth (3mm) is approximately 8 times less than at 1mm depth (sclera). The dose distribution is sensitive to the angle between the cannula and the neovascular plane. Both TL methods yield a maximum dose rate of 6 μSv/min mCi to the surgeon's fingers consistent with the MCNPX calculation. Conclusions: The SMD‐I device permits accurate delivery of a therapeuticradiationdose for the treatment of exudative AMD. Russell J. Hamilton is a founder and currently serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of Salutaris Medical Devices, Inc. Wendell Lutz and Thomas Cetas serve on the Scientific Advisory Board of Salutaris Medical Devices, Inc. All authors have received financial support from Salutaris Medical Devices, Inc.
Mouse Piwi-interacting RNAs are 2'-O-methylated at their 3' termini.

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel class of small RNAs that are expressed specifically and abundantly in male germ cells. Here we report that the 3′ termini of piRNAs are 2′-O-methylated; this modification may have important implications for the biogenesis and function of piRNAs.
The influence of the foreign body response evoked by fibroblast transplantation on soluble factor diffusion in surrounding brain tissue

The transplantation of genetically engineered fibroblasts has been shown to be an effective approach for achieving continuous and site-specific delivery of therapeutic molecules to various regions of the central nervous system. However, to our knowledge no one has asked whether soluble factors released from the transplanted fibroblasts influence the delivery of therapeutic molecules from the engrafted cells. To address this issue, we used a newly developed cell encapsulation device to study the functional consequence of the foreign body response on soluble factor delivery from fibroblasts transplanted into adult brain tissue. We found that transplanted fibroblasts increased the level of inflammation and glial cell encapsulation at the transplantation site, and reduced the diffusion of a 70 kDa dextran probe through the reactive tissue. The response, however, did not prevent the diffusion of the 70 kDa dextran test probe indicating that the approach appears suitable for the delivery of neurotrophins and other therapeutic molecules with a molecular weight less than 70 kDa. The results suggest that less reactive cell types may be better suited for sustained delivery of therapeutic molecules into brain tissue.
Multi-image regeneration by white light processing

Abstract A technique of multi-image regeneration by white light processing is described. This white light method is very simple, versatile and economical, and it offers the advantages of multi-image regeneration and the elimination of coherent artifact noise that plagues coherent optical systems. Although this method is effective only in 1-D processing, nonetheless it also works very well for the 2-D multi-image deconvolution operation. A simple experimental demonstration of multi-image regeneration by this technique is also presented.
Fabrication and characterization of a latching magnetic optical switch

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of a new type latching magnetic optical switch. The basic optical switch has two stable states wherein an optical signal from the input port can be routed to either one of the two output ports. The key component of the optical switch is a cantilever made of soft magnetic material with a reflective surface. The optical switch is bi-stable because the cantilever has a tendency to align with the external magnetic field, and the torque to align the cantilever can be di-directional depending on the angle between the cantilever and the magnetic field. Switching between the two stable states is accomplished by momentarily changing the direction and/or the magnitude of the cantilever's magnetization by passing a short current pulse through a planar coil underneath the cantilever. In either of its stable states, the cantilever is held in its position by the combined influence of permanent external magnetic field and other mechanical forces, such as a physical stop or a mechanical torques produced by torsion flexures supporting the cantilever. Large angle deflection and bi-stable latching operations have been demonstrated. Characterization has been performed for optical switching performances. Computer simulation results were compared to the experimental results. The switching speed is 3.2 ms, optical insertion loss is -4 dB, and the energy consumption is 44 mJ for each switching event.
Inflation and burst of anisotropic aluminum tubes for hydroforming applications

Abstract Burst due to internal pressure and axial load is a common mode of failure in tube hydroforming. Comparison between numerical simulations and hydroforming experiments on aluminum tubes have indicated that localized wall thinning and burst can be very sensitive to the constitutive description employed for the material. This observation motivated the present combined experimental/analytical effort. The investigation assesses the performance of different anisotropic yield functions in predicting the response and burst of tubes loaded under combined internal pressure and axial load. The experiments involved Al-6260-T4 tubes loaded under combined internal pressure and axial tension or compression. Several radial paths in the axial-circumferential stress space were prescribed until failure occurred. In all cases deformation was initially uniform until a limit load instability was attained. For axial tension dominant loading paths, the tube eventually bulged axisymetrically, and localization resulted in circumferential rupture. For hoop stress dominated paths, the axisymmetric bulge evolved into a non-axisymmetric one leading to localized thinning and rupture along a tube generator. The results were used to calibrate the non-quadratic anisotropic yield functions of Hosford and Karafillis–Boyce. These were then employed in FE simulations of the experiments. The predicted structural responses are generally, but not universally, in good agreement with the experimental results, while the predicted strains at the onset of rupture are somewhat larger than the values measured. It is demonstrated that discrepancies between experimental and predicted results may be caused by inadequate representation of the anisotropy by the constitutive models adopted, and by the omission of deformation-induced anisotropy.
The relationship between attitudes toward diversity management in the Southwest USA and the GLOBE study cultural preferences

This study investigates the importance of diversity management as it relates to the GLOBE study cultural preferences. A survey of 225 students in undergraduate and graduate programs at a private Texas University concluded that collectivism was a strong predictor of how positively participants rated their organizations support for diversity, diversity recruitment efforts, diversity training for mentors, and employees with disabilities. The participants were nontraditional students who were also employed in a wide array of organizations. Collectivism and assertiveness were both strong predictors with regard to participant's ratings of chief executive officer (CEO) support of diversity and the organization's overall diversity training. With regard to leadership dimensions, humane-oriented leadership was a positive predictor of preference for a collective culture, which predicts diversity management ratings. Team-oriented leadership also predicted ratings of diversity management. The results of the study indi...
MicroRNAs in liver disease

Small, noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate diverse biological functions in the liver and increasing evidence suggests that they have a role in liver pathology. This Review summarizes advances in the field of miRNAs in liver diseases, inflammation and cirrhosis. MicroRNA-122, the most abundant miRNA in hepatocytes, has well-defined roles in HCV replication, and data indicate that it also serves as a viable therapeutic target. The role of miR-122 is also emerging in other liver diseases. Ample evidence exists for the important regulatory potential of other miRNAs in conditions associated with liver inflammation related to alcohol use, the metabolic syndrome or autoimmune processes. In addition, a broad array of miRNAs have been associated with the development of liver fibrosis both in animal models and human studies. The significance of the function and cellular distribution of miRNAs in the liver and the potential of miRNAs as a means of communication between cells and organs is discussed as well as the emerging utility of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of different forms of liver damage and as early markers of disease and progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Importantly, miRNA modulation in the liver represents a new therapeutic approach in the treatment armamentarium of hepatologists in the future.
Hyperspectral video for illumination-invariant tracking

Recent advances in electronics and sensor design have enabled the development of a hyperspectral video camera, which can capture hyperspectral datacubes at near video rates. In this work, we show how high-speed hyperspectral imaging can be used to address several challenging problems in video surveillance. In particular, we combine traditional methods for hyperspectral image analysis and computer vision to achieve illumination-invariant motion detection and object tracking. Experiments using real hyperspectral video images are provided.
Background Risk in the Principal-Agent Model

We examine the effect of background risk in the standard two-state, two-action principal-agent model. We analyse situations where the background risk is environmental (always present) and where the background risk is contractual (only present if the contract is accepted). With contractual background risk, expected wages always rise and the incentive scheme is flatter if the agent's preferences satisfy weak decreasing absolute risk aversion. With environmental background risk, the optimal incentive scheme becomes flatter if the agent is weakly prudent. We provide conditions under which the environmental background risk decreases the agent's expected wage.
Necessary and sufficient condition for perfect reconstruction matrix filter banks

A matrix filter is a linear and time-invariant operator on the space of vector-valued signals. Matrix filter bank is the generalization of filter bank. A perfect reconstruction matrix filter bank consists of an analysis matrix filter bank and a synthesis matrix filter bank. In the theory of filter design, generating a perfect reconstruction matrix filter bank from a given lowpass matrix filter is considered. Such a lowpass matrix filter is called a primary matrix filter. In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a lowpass matrix filter being primary and discuss the relation between perfect reconstruction matrix filter bank and biorthogonal multiwavelet.
Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Decompression for Anterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome: Technical Notes

Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (Nevin–Kiloh syndrome) is a rare entity caused by compression of the purely motor anterior interosseous nerve in the forearm. Historically, conventional surgical treatment has consisted of open decompression of the nerve. Unfortunately, open decompression is often complicated by scarring and significant morbidity. Endoscopic decompression is an alternative means of surgical intervention in the hands of well-trained surgeons comfortable with soft tissue endoscopy. In this report, we review relevant anatomy, offer technical hints, and present our personal experience with 4 illustrative cases, all with greater than 1.5 years of follow-up. Our patients showed considerable improvement of their symptoms with minimal scarring. No significant complications occurred.
Childhood Obesity, Academic Achievement, and School Expenditures

The authors examine whether childhood obesity affects student achievement and whether these effects differ by family income level. Although childhood obesity is a national concern, the issue is eve...
Depression and School Refusal Behavior: A Review with Comments on Classification and Treatment.

Abstract One of the most significant problems for school psychologists, teachers, and educators concerns children and adolescents who have difficulty attending or simply refuse to go to school. Part of this problem is the heterogeneity of behavior often displayed by this population, a fact that has traditionally led to difficulties in classification, assessment, and treatment. This is complicated by concurrent syndromes and symptoms of depression across subtypes of persons with school refusal behavior. This article reviews studies that have examined comorbid syndromal and symptomatic depression and school refusal behavior. Implications for classification systems are then discussed, including the need for flexible taxonomic strategies that include persons with severe collective, and less severe individual, symptoms of negative affectivity. Recommendations for assessment and treatment are also discussed, including a dimensional assessment of negative affectivity and the need to consider “profiles” of children with various levels of concurrent depression who refuse to attend school for various reasons.
Differential Sensitivity of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 to Human Interferon: Antiviral Effects of Interferon plus 9-β-d-Arabinofuranosyladenine

With use of a standard assay for antiviral compounds, in which the compound to be tested is added after absorption of virus, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of human interferon for several strain of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is five to 10 times greater than it is for two strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). This differential susceptibility of HSV types to interferon is found whether tests are done with a liquid overlay and microtiter plates or with agarose overlays and appears to be a distinguishing biological marker. When the MIC of interferon is tested by microtiter or agarose methods and interferon is allowed to incubate for 24 hr before virus is added, values for HSV-1 and HSV-2 are similar and much smaller in magnitude. These results support earlier data indicating that adenine arabinoside and interferon are synergistic against herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro and indicate that these agents are additive but not synergistic against herpes simplex virus type 2.
Diffusional kurtosis imaging reveals a distinctive pattern of microstructural alternations in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Objectives Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) arises from paroxysmal dysfunctions of the thalamo-cortical network. One of the hallmarks of IGE is the absence of visible abnormalities on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, recent quantitative MRI studies showed cortical–subcortical structural abnormalities in IGE, but the extent of abnormalities has been inconsistent in the literature. The inconsistencies may be associated with complex microstructural abnormalities in IGE that are not completely detectable using conventional diffusion tensor imaging methods. The goal of this study was to investigate white-matter (WM) microstructural abnormalities in patients with IGE using diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI). Materials and methods We obtained DKI and volumetric T1-weighted images from 14 patients with IGE and 25 matched healthy controls. Using tract-based spatial statistics, we performed voxel-wise group comparisons in the parametric maps generated from DKI: mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean kurtosis (MK), and in probabilistic maps of WM volume generated by voxel-based morphometry. Results We observed that conventional microstructural measures (MD and FA) revealed WM abnormalities in thalamo-cortical projections, whereas MK disclosed a broader pattern of WM abnormalities involving thalamo-cortical and cortical–cortical projections. Conclusions Even though IGE is traditionally considered a ‘non-lesional’ form of epilepsy, our results demonstrated pervasive thalamo-cortical WM microstructural abnormalities. Particularly, WM abnormalities shown by MK further extended into cortical–cortical projections. This suggests that the extent of microstructural abnormalities in thalamo-cortical projections in IGE may be better assessed through the diffusion metrics provided by DKI.
Effects of hydralazine on in vivo tumor energy metabolism, hematopoietic radiation sensitivity, and cardiovascular parameters.

Abstract Energy metabolism of murine FSaII foot tumors was studied by in vivo 31 P-MRS in C3Hf/Sed mice. Spectroscopy was performed following exposure to escalating doses of hydralazine (HYD) ip. At 0.25 mg/kg, HYD caused a 20% increase in PCr/Pi and had no significant effect on mean arterial blood pressure. HYD doses ≥2 mg/kg lead to hypotension which was associated with a decrease in PCr, NTP, pH, and an increase in Pi ( p
Building an organizational capability for radical innovation: The direct managerial role

Our research examines practices for managing project leaders as a component of an organization's capability for radical innovation. Our qualitative analysis of 246 interviews in twelve industry-leading corporations suggests that managers use performance-based assessment to select project leaders with demonstrated experience and skills for innovation, as well as passion that extends beyond a single project toward an awareness of its broader contribution to the organization's growth objectives. The managerial role includes concurrent hands-off/hands-on involvement, which balances autonomy and accountability with guidance. Additionally, downside/upside management involves removing the negative consequences associated with failure while providing recognition for the project leader's efforts.
Effect of surface antigen-1 (SA-1) immune lymphocyte subsets and naive cell subsets in protecting scid mice from initial and persistent infection with Cryptosporidium parvum.

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that adoptive transfer of immune spleen cell subsets from Cryptosporidium parvum antigen immunized, immunocompetent BALB c mice would prevent initial infection or terminate persistent infection in severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. Cell donor mice were immunized with either solubilized C. parvum oocysts and sporozoites (positive control) or a surface antigen-1 (SA-1) enriched C. parvum antigen fraction. Both groups of BALB c cell donor mice immunized with C. parvum antigens had increased antibody titers and lymphoproliferative responses when compared with negative control mice injected with phosphate buffered saline and adjuvant. Intravenous adoptive transfer of 5 × 106 cells of each cell subset (spleen cells, CD4 T and B lymphocytes, CD4 T lymphocytes or B lymphocytes) derived from immunized adult BALB c donor mice did not protect scid mice against initial infection of the gastrointestinal epithelium with C. parvum, despite flow cytometric evidence of CD4 T lymphocyte engraftment in the spleen and detectable levels of C. parvum-specific serum antibody. In contrast, intravenous injection of either naive or immune CD4 T and B lymphocytes combined, or CD4 T lymphocytes alone, terminated persistent C. parvum infection in scid mice. Intestinal infectivity scores were significantly reduced by 9 days post-engraftment in all groups and continued to decline throughout the remainder of the experiment. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated significantly increased CD4 T lymphocytes in the spleens of recipient scid mice when compared with infected scid mice receiving no cells. Cryptosporidium parvum-spceific antibody was detected on day 12 post engraftment in mice receiving SA-1 immune CD4 T and B lymphocytes but was not detectable in mice receiving naive cell subsets.
What's the Subject of Study Abroad?: Race, Gender, and "Living Culture"

Based on an ethnographic study that focused on the relations of students’ in- and out-of-class cultural learning during a 5-week study abroad program in Spain, this article analyzes processes of teaching and learning in a Spanish culture and civilization class, the experiences of the only African-American student on the program, and students’ responses to a class meeting in which race was overtly problematized. In contrast to the shared construction of cultural knowledge that characterized the class, discussion of race and gender was limited in its complexity, despite signs of new understandings among students. Given a need for all students to gain multiple cultural perspectives and growing evidence that peer groups constitute sources of identity and cross-cultural understanding for students abroad, we suggest that study abroad curricula incorporate sustained discussion of students’ sociocultural differences and resulting particularities in their experiences in the host culture as part of the formal curriculum.
Recent Findings from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Bangladesh

Abstract The Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS), a large multidisciplinary prospective cohort study in Araihazar, Bangladesh, was established in 2000 to evaluate the effects of a wide range of arsenic (As) exposures on various health outcomes, including premalignant and malignant skin lesions, total mortality, and children’s neuropsychological development (1). In this presentation, some important recent findings will be presented. Approximately 12,000 adults, aged 18-75, were recruited for the study; their well water As concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 864 ug/L. Since 2000, each participant has been evaluated roughly every other year. A total of 7.31, 9.95 and 2.03% of the participants completing 4 years of active follow-up reported having a chronic cough, breathing problem or blood in their sputum, respectively, as assessed by trained physicians. We found a dose-response relationship between As exposure and clinical symptoms of respiratory diseases (2). The mechanism of this effect, al...
Improved resolution in three-dimensional constant-time triple resonance NMR spectroscopy of proteins.

Two new protocols for the three-dimensional, triple resonance, constant-time HCA(CO)N NMR experiment are presented that significantly increase the experimental resolution attainable in the Cα frequency dimension. Experimental verification of the new experiments is provided by spectra of the IIA domain of glucose permease fromBacillus subtilis.
Resolution convergence and sensitivity studies with North Atlantic circulation models. Part I: The western boundary current system

Abstract The fidelity of numerical simulations of the general circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean in basin- to global-scale models have improved considerably in the last several years. This improvement appears to represent a regime shift in the dynamics of the simulated flow as the horizontal grid spacing decreases to around 10 km. Nevertheless, some significant biases in the simulated circulation and substantial uncertainties about the robustness of these results with respect to parameterization choices remain. A growing collection of simulations obtained with the POP primitive equation model allow us to investigate the convergence properties and sensitivity of high resolution numerical simulations of the North Atlantic, with particular attention given to Gulf Stream separation and the subsequent path of the North Atlantic Current into the Northwest Corner. Increases in resolution and reductions in dissipation both contribute to the improvements in the circulation seen in recent studies. We find that our highest resolution eddy-resolving simulations retain an appreciable sensitivity to the closure scheme. Our most realistic simulations of the Gulf Stream are not obtained at the lowest levels of dissipation, while the simulation of the North Atlantic Current continues to improve as dissipation is reduced to near the numerical stability limit. In consequence, there is a limited range of parameter space where both aspects of the simulated circulation can be brought into agreement with observations. This experience gained with the comparatively affordable regional North Atlantic model is now being used to configure the next generation of ocean climate models.
Some observations on carbide precipitation and grain boundary migration in a duplex stainless steel

(c) quenched end showed s amp le s quenched without u l t r a sonic energy to be mos t ly m a r t e n s i t e . In con t ra s t , a g r ea t e r volume of aus teni te was t r a n s f o r m e d into mix tu re of cement i te and f e r r i t e in samples t r ea t ed with u l t r ason ic energy , Fig. 4. The i r r ad ia t ion of u l t r a son i c energy on the 4340 s tee l dur ing the t r a n s f o r mat ion thus apparen t ly i n c r e a s e d the diffusion ra te of carbon and lowered i ts ha rdenabi l i ty . Th i s work was supported by the U.S. Army Resea rch Office under Grant No. DA-ARO(D)-31-124(d)
Practical Molecular Pathologic Diagnosis of Pilocytic Astrocytomas

The pilocytic astrocytoma is predominantly a tumor of childhood and the most common type of circumscribed astrocytoma. The indolent nature of this tumor allows for prolonged survival for most patients, rendering the disease a rather “chronic” one, with potential long-term sequelae that are occasionally related to treatment. Two critical features of this tumor are its tendency to remain dormant, or involute even after subtotal resection, and the exceptional anaplastic transformation, sometimes following adjuvant therapy. The biological behavior of pilocytic astrocytoma can often be related to molecular alterations in the MAPK pathway.
Abstract 1072: The FGF18/FGFR4 amplicon: Novel therapeutic biomarkers for ovarian cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among women and has the highest case-fatality rate among gynecologic cancers. High throughput genomic technologies have been instrumental in identifying new biomarkers and potential novel therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer. However, comprehensive functional validation studies on both the biological and clinical levels are needed to better understand the mechanistic basis for these biomarkers and realize their clinical significance and application. Fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) has been recently identified as an aberrantly expressed gene within an expression signature predicting poor rate of survival in patients with advanced stage serous ovarian cancers. In addition, genomic amplification of both FGF18 and FGFR4 has been shown to predict for poor overall survival among women with advanced stage high grade serous ovarian cancers. siRNA mediated knock-down of FGFR4 abolishes FGF18 induced phosphorylation of FRS2 and ERK1/2 in ovarian cancer cells, indicating the FGF18 signaling is at least partially conferred by FGFR4 in ovarian cancer cells. However, the exact role of FGF18/FGFR4 in the clinicopathologic properties of ovarian cancer has not been determined. Preliminary studies by ectopic FGF18 overexpression or recombinant FGF18 treatment demonstrate that FGF18 promotes the in vitro migration and invasion of both ovarian cancer cells and endothelial cells. In SCID mice xenograft models, FGF18 expression in ovarian cancer cells results in increased tumor formation. Microarray analysis identified up-regulation of a large number of proinflammatory cytokines by FGF18 which may mediate the increases in angiogenesis and infiltration of macrophages seen in FGF18 expressing xenografts. Pathway analysis further demonstrated participation of NF-κB signaling in FGF18 mediated cytokine production. Conversely, knock-down of FGF18 in ovarian cancer cells reduces the in vitro migration; inhibits the production of cytokines and impairs the in vivo tumorigenicity in SCID mice xenograft model. Taken together, FGF18/FGFR4 axis may play an important role in ovarian cancer pathogenesis and may serve as a novel therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1072. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1072
The Role of the Nurse-Practitioner in a Pediatric Team: Patient Definitions

Patient conceptions and evaluations of the nurse-practitioner role were explored in a random sample of families who attended a pediatric office team comprising a pediatrician and a nurse-practitioner. Patients do not perceive the nurse to have expertise in an exclusive domain of health problems. Thus, the majority of patients do not consider her addition to the office to have improved on the doctor services. Although many patients took advantage of the opportunity to discuss with the nurse issues they regarded unworthy of the doctor's time, they did not value time spent with the nurse as meriting dispensing with some of the doctor time or the payment of an additional fee. The low value placed by patients on the diffuse area of "care" as opposed to the application of medical science hinders the prospects of public recognition of the nurse-practitioner. This applies particularly to the nurse-practitioner as a team member, where an explicit attempt is made to articulate the unique domains and boundaries of the various professionals.
A two-dimensional automatic mesh generator for finite element analysis for random composites

Abstract In this paper a two-dimensional automatic mesh generation technique has been proposed for composites, in which the second phase consisting of particulates or unidirectional fibers are randomly dispersed in the matrix. The discretization is based on Dirichlet tessellation of the composite domain to yield an aggregate of convex polygons. These polygons, called Voronoi polygons or Dirichlet cells, will serve as the elements in the finite element analysis of a composite structure. Effects of arbitrary domain boundaries, shapes and sizes of the inclusions have been incorporated in the mesh generator.
A geomorphological reconnaissance of the submarine part of the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

More than half of the intensely active East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano crops out underwater along the crest of the submarine Puna Ridge. I present multibeam bathmetry of the entire ridge, near-bottom photographic and sonar observations of the plunging crest of its deeper distal half, and seismic profiles across the ridge tip and the adjacent structural moat. Analysis of large-scale relief, small-scale topography, and superficial rock types indicates that the rift zone is actively propagating across the moat but is probably a superficial structure that does not penetrate the underlying oceanic crust, that its tip is covered with large lava flows erupted at high rates and is surrounded with extensive debris flow deposits, and that the axial topography at depths of 2–4 km is dominated by gaping fissures and collapse pits, showing a preponderance of intrusive rather than extrusive events. Some aspects of this central-volcano rift zone, such as its geometry at small lateral offsets, resemble those at interplate rift zones along fast-spreading mid-ocean rises, but the great contrast in lithosphere thickness results in fundamental structural differences.
Studies in Projection: A Critique

(1957). Studies in Projection: A Critique. Journal of Projective Techniques: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 129-136.
The clinically tested N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist memantine blocks and reverses thermal hyperalgesia in a rat model of painful mononeuropathy

This study tested the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of memantine (1-amino-3,5-dimethyl-amandate), a clinically tested N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist on thermal hyperalgesia in a rat model of painful mononeuropathy. Persistent hyperalgesia induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve was significantly reduced for up to 14 days by prophylactic administration of memantine (3.0 mg/kg) via i.p. implanted osmotic micropumps for a period of 7 days. Therapeutic i.p. injections of memantine (10 mg/kg) given on post-injury days 7 and 14 completely reversed existing hyperalgesia for a short period of 1 h. These results provide evidence that memantine produces long-term prophylactic and short-term therapeutic effects on thermal hyperalgesia in a model of painful mononeuropathy.
Ornithopter flight stabilization

The quasi-steady aerodynamics model and the vehicle dynamics model of ornithopter flight are explained, and numerical methods are described to capture limit cycle behavior in ornithopter flight. The Floquet method is used to determine stability in forward flight, and a linear discrete-time state-space model is developed. This is used to calculate stabilizing and disturbance-rejecting controllers.
Secondarily Diurnal Geckos Return to Cost of Locomotion Typical of Diurnal Lizards

Abstract Previous studies showed that nocturnal geckos evolved a low energetic cost of locomotion (Cmin), which increases maximum aerobic speed and partially offsets the decrease in maximal oxygen consumption caused by activity at low nocturnal temperatures. Because the advantage of a low Cmin should apply at high diurnal temperatures as well as at low nocturnal temperatures, I hypothesized that Cmin remained low in geckos that have secondarily evolved diurnality. I measured Cmin in two secondarily diurnal gecko species, Rhoptropus bradfieldi (4.7 \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage[OT2,OT1]{fontenc} \newcommand\cyr{ \renewcommand\rmdefault{wncyr} \renewcommand\sfdefault{wncyss} \renewcommand\encodingdefault{OT2} \normalfont \selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textcyr}{\cyr} \pagestyle...
Sugar-casein interaction in deuterated solutions of bovine and caprine casein as determined by oxygen-17 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance: a case of preferential interactions.

17O NMR spectroscopy and 13C NMR spectroscopy have been used to study the mechanism of interaction of sugars with bovine and caprine caseins in D2O. The 17O NMR relaxation results showed in all cases an increase in water of hydration, as a result of added sugar; this was predominantly associated with “trapped” water in the caseins. Analysis of the virial coefficients, obtained from the 17O relaxation data, suggested that preferential interactions occur in the sugar−protein solutions. This could be the result of either sugar binding or a solute−solute thermodynamic effect, preferential hydration. The addition of sugars to deuterated solutions of bovine casein and caprine casein high in αs1-casein had little or no effect on either line width or chemical shilfts of the 13C NMR spectra of these milk proteins. 13C NMR studies of sucrose, at various concentrations (100−300 mM) in the presence of caprine casein high in αs1-casein, showed no changes in either chemical shifts or T1 values. This indicates that the ...
Gender Differences in Perceived Happiness and Well-Being of Individuals Who Engage in Contemptuous Communication

The present study investigated whether the relationship between contempt and mental health outcomes differed by gender. Participants (N = 214) completed measures of happiness, general well-being, and contempt expression. The findings indicate a contrast in mental health outcomes associated with contempt expression for males and females. Specifically, males who expressed high levels of contempt reported higher levels of happiness and general well-being than males who expressed low levels of contempt; whereas, females who expressed high levels of contempt reported lower levels of happiness than females who expressed low levels of contempt. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Differential effects of phenylbutazone and local anesthetics on nociception in the equine.

Abstract The effects of procaine, mepivacaine and phenylbutzone on pain perception in the equine were studied using two behavioral assays of nociception; the thermal evoked hoof withdrawal reflex and skin twitch reflex. Pain perception threshold was measured as the latency from onset of thermal stimuli to reflex withdrawal of the forelimb or contraction of the cutaneous musculature. Procaine 2% and mepuvacaine 2% prolonged the hoof withdrawal reflex latency when administered locally by producing a block of the palmar and metacarpal nerves. Significant analgesia lasted 90 min and 210 min for procaine and mepivacaine, respectively. Phenylbutzaone (7.3 mg/kg) failed to alter pain thresholds measured over a 36 h post-treatment period. However, pain thresholds rose over time with successive trials. These data suggest that in the equine (1) phenylbutazone does not alter normal cutaneous pain perception, and (2) successive presentation of painful stimuli increases nociceptive thresholds.
Actin inhibition increases megakaryocyte proplatelet formation through an apoptosis-dependent mechanism.

Background Megakaryocytes assemble and release platelets through the extension of proplatelet processes, which are cytoplasmic extensions that extrude from the megakaryocyte and form platelets at their tips. Proplatelet formation and platelet release are complex processes that require a combination of structural rearrangements. While the signals that trigger the initiation of proplatelet formation process are not completely understood, it has been shown that inhibition of cytoskeletal signaling in mature megakaryocytes induces proplatelet formation. Megakaryocyte apoptosis may also be involved in initiation of proplatelet extension, although this is controversial. This study inquires whether the proplatelet production induced by cytoskeletal signaling inhibition is dependent on activation of apoptosis. Methods Megakaryocytes derived from human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells were treated with the actin polymerization inhibitor latrunculin and their ploidy and proplatelet formation were quantitated. Apoptosis activation was analyzed by flow cytometry and luminescence assays. Caspase activity was inhibited by two compounds, ZVAD and QVD. Expression levels of pro-survival and pro-apoptosis genes were measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Protein levels of Bcl-XL, Bax and Bak were measured by western blot. Cell ultrastructure was analyzed by electron microscopy. Results Actin inhibition resulted in increased ploidy and increased proplatelet formation in cultured umbilical cord blood-derived megakaryocytes. Actin inhibition activated apoptosis in the cultured cells. The effects of actin inhibition on proplatelet formation were blocked by caspase inhibition. Increased expression of both pro-apoptotic and pro-survival genes was observed. Pro-survival protein (Bcl-xL) levels were increased compared to levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bak and Bax. Despite apoptosis being activated, the megakaryocytes underwent minimal ultrastructural changes during actin inhibition. Conclusions We report a correlation between increased proplatelet formation and activation of apoptosis, and that the increase in proplatelet formation in response to actin inhibition is caspase dependent. These findings support a role for apoptosis in proplatelet formation in this model.
Acute myeloid leukemia following intraperitoneal hyperthermic mitomycin C

Mitomycin C is uncommonly associated with therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia. We report a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 9 months after intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy with mito...
Ranking the presidential spouses

Abstract Numerous polls have offered rankings of the presidents but little effort has been made to rate the performance of the president's spouse. Not only has there been far less academic attention devoted to the first ladies, but there are difficulties inherent in assessing this “office” that presidential scholars need not worry about when ranking the commanders-in-chief. Yet, the first lady has emerged as a political “institution” worthy of scholarly attention, including an attempt at ranking them. This article provides the results of a poll ranking the first ladies, along with an analysis of the rankings between activist and traditionalist first ladies, first ladies of different historical periods, and between the presidents and their spouses.