cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equations in one dimension

Abstract We consider the question of global existence of small, smooth, and localized solutions of a certain fractional semilinear cubic NLS in one dimension, i ∂ t u − Λ u = c 0 | u | 2 u + c 1 u 3 + c 2 u u ¯ 2 + c 3 u ¯ 3 , Λ = Λ ( ∂ x ) = | ∂ x | 1 2 , where c 0 ∈ R and c 1 , c 2 , c 3 ∈ C . This model is motivated by the two-dimensional water wave equation, which has a somewhat similar structure in the Eulerian formulation, in the case of irrotational flows. We show that one cannot expect linear scattering, even in this simplified model. More precisely, we identify a suitable nonlinear logarithmic correction, and prove global existence and modified scattering of solutions.
Shock layer electron densities considering the effects of both chemical reactions and flow field variations

Abstract A method for the calculation of the variation of electron density with time in a non-equilibrium shock layer of a re-entry vehicle has been developed. The method includes the effects of changes in both temperature and density. The temperature and the density are each changed by both chemical reaction and the expansion of the gas in the flow field. These changes in turn affect the rate of the chemical reactions. Calculations on a simplified system of four reversible chemical reactions were made along given streamlines by an iterative method on a set of simultaneous equations for the rate of change of concentrations of the various species. An example is given for a calculation in which the electron density is far below the equilibrium value for a considerable time.
Growth and characterization of ZnTe:N; p-ZnTe/n-AlSb diodes

In recent months the successful p-doping of ZnSe and Zn(S,Se) using a nitrogen plasma source during growth by molecular beam epitaxy was one factor leading to the realization of diode lasers and light emitting diodes. This paper reports the results of the nitrogen doping of ZnTe using similar techniques. Doping levels exceeding the 1019 cm−3 range are reported along with electrical, optical, and microstructural characterization. The nitrogen-doped ZnTe is used to implement p-ZnTe/n-AISb diodes; the growth and characterization of these hetero-junction diodes are described.
Magnetoencephalography: evidence of magnetic fields produced by alpha-rhythm currents.

Weak alternating magnetic fields outside the human scalp, produced by alpha-rhythm currents, are demonstrated. Subject ard magnetic detector were housed in a multilayer magnetically shielded chamber. Background magnetic noise was reduced by signal-averaging. The fields near the scalp are about 1 x 10-9 gauss (peak to peak). A course distribution shows left-right symmetry for the particular averaging technique used here.
Manipulative therapy of secondary lymphedema in the presence of locoregional tumors

BACKGROUND. Complete decongestive therapy (CDT), including manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) is a manipulative intervention of documented benefit to patients with lymphedema (LE). Although the role of CDT for LE is well described, to the authors' knowledge there are no data regarding its efficacy for patients with LE due to tumor masses in the draining anatomic bed. Traditionally, LE therapists are wary of providing therapy to such patients with ‘malignant’ LE for fear of exacerbating the underlying cancer, and that the obstruction will render therapy less effective. In the current study, the authors' experience providing CDT for such patients is discussed. METHODS. Cancer survivors with LE were referred to therapists at 2 Atlanta-area clinics. CDT consists of treatment (Phase 1) and maintenance phases (Phase 2). During Phase 1, the patient undergoes manipulative therapy and bandaging daily until the LE reduction plateaus; at that point, Phase 2 (self-care) begins. At the beginning and end of Phase 1, LE is quantified and differences in girth volume calculated. The results for patients completing Phase 1 therapy for LE in the presence of locoregional masses were compared with results for patients with LE in the absence of such disease. Both volume reduction of the affected limb and number of treatments to plateau were analyzed. RESULTS. Between January 2004, and March 2007, LE of 82 limbs in 72 patients was treated with CDT and Phase 1 was completed. The median number of treatments to plateau was 12 (range, 4–23 treatments); the median limb volume reduction was 22% (range, −23 to 164%). Nineteen limbs (16 patients) with associated chest wall/axillary or pelvic/inguinal tumors had nonsignificant difference in LE reduction (P = .75) in the presence of significantly more sessions to attain plateau (P = .0016) compared with 63 limbs in 56 patients without such masses. CONCLUSIONS. Patients with LE may obtain relief with CDT regardless of whether they have locoregional disease contributing to their symptoms. However, it will likely take longer to achieve that effect. Manipulative therapy of LE should not be withheld because of persistent or recurrent disease in the draining anatomic bed. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Employees without a Cause: The Motivational Effects of Prosocial Impact in Public Service

ABSTRACT Public service employees often lack opportunities to see the prosocial impact of their jobs—how their efforts make a difference in other people's lives. Drawing on recent job design theory and research, I tested the hypothesis that the motivation of public service employees can be enhanced by connecting them to their prosocial impact. In a longitudinal quasi-experiment, a group of fundraising callers serving a public university met a fellowship student who benefited from the funds raised by the organization. A full month later, these callers increased significantly in the number of pledges and the amount of donation money that they obtained, whereas callers in a control group did not change on these measures. I discuss the implications of these results for theory, research, and practice related to work motivation in public service.
Identification of vertebrate scavengers of small mammal carcasses in a forested landscape

We identified vertebrate scavengers of small mammal carcasses at the 780-km2 Savannah River Site during the winter of 2000–2001. Rodent carcasses, differing in size and visual conspicuousness, were placed in upland pine forests and bottomland hardwood forests during six 2-week periods. Sixty-two of the 96 carcasses (65%) were removed by vertebrates. With the aid of remote photography, we identified 11 species of scavengers removing carcasses. RaccoonsProcyon lotor, gray foxesUrocyon cinereoargenteus, and feral pigsSus scrofa scavenged most frequently. The mean elapsed time for carcass removal was 5.6 days. The number of carcasses removed by vertebrates did not differ significantly with respect to carcass size, visual conspicuousness, or habitat type; however, air temperature was strongly correlated (positively) with carcass removal. Our study demonstrates that many mammal species are capable of utilizing small carrion items as a food resource, and suggests that scavenging may account for a higher proportion of the diet of some facultative scavengers than is now widely assumed.
From policy to practice: addressing snack quality, consumption, and price in after-school programs.

Abstract Objective To evaluate a community partnership between after-school programs (ASPs) and grocery stores to provide discounted pricing on snacks to meet the National Afterschool Association Healthy Eating Standards that call for serving a fruit or vegetable (FV) daily while eliminating sugar-based foods and beverages. Methods A single-group, pretest with multiple posttest design (spring, 2011–2013) in 4 large-scale ASPs serving 500 children/d was used, along with direct observation of snacks served, consumed, and cost. Results At baseline, FV, sugar-sweetened beverages, and desserts were served 0.1 ± 0.5, 1.7 ± 2.0, and 2.0 ± 1.4 d/wk. By spring, 2013, FV increased to 5.0 ± 0.0 d/wk, whereas sugar-sweetened beverages and desserts were eliminated. A total of 84% of children consumed the fruit; 59% consumed the vegetables. Cost associated with purchasing snacks resulted in a $2,000–$3,000 savings over a standard 180-day school year. Conclusions and Implications This partnership can serve as a model for successfully meeting nutrition policies established for ASP snacks.
High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of the metabolism of polyunsaturated molecular species of phosphatidylserine labeled in the polar group

A reversed-phase HPLC method to monitor the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into the polar group of individual polyunsaturated molecular species of phosphatidylserine (PS) is presented. PS labeled in the polar group was decarboxylated and subsequently converted to trinitrophenyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (Tnp-PE), which was separated into its molecular species by reversed-phase HPLC within 90 min, using a gradient of acetonitrile-methanol and ammonium acetate. A major feature of the method is the complete resolution of the stearoyl species, 18:0/20:4 and 18:0/22:6, at ambient temperature. By determining the amount of radioactivity incorporated into each fraction, the metabolism of individual molecular species of PS, and also of PE, labeled in the polar group can be investigated.
Ultrasensitive, optofluidic biomolecular fluorescence detection using flow-through, multi-hole capillary

A novel fluorescence detection platform is proposed and developed using a flow-through, multi-hole capillary, which provides integrated micro-/nanofluidic channels for fast, efficient analyte delivery and large surface area for ultrasensitive (sub-femotomolar) biomolecular detection.
Modeling the Role of Brand Alliances in the Assimilation of Product Evaluations

A model of context effects in product evaluations is tested in which brand alliances play a key role. This three-part study examined the extent to which evaluations of two restaurants are assimilated by virtue of their dual-branding strategic linkage. Key factors in the assimilation process are thought to be the ambiguity of the target restaurant's description and the degree of linkage between the target and the context as operationally defined by varying the shared features of the dual brands. Results support a model in which inferences about the qualities of an incompletely described target product arise from the assumed similarity between target and context, which is directly related to the degree of linkage between the two brands. These inferences include both specific attribute values and global evaluations of quality.
Understanding mechanisms of vitiligo development in Smyth line of chickens by transcriptomic microarray analysis of evolving autoimmune lesions

The Smyth line (SL) of chicken is an excellent avian model for human autoimmune vitiligo. The etiology of vitiligo is complicated and far from clear. In order to better understand critical components leading to vitiligo development, cDNA microarray technology was used to compare gene expression profiles in the target tissue (the growing feather) of SL chickens at different vitiligo (SLV) states. Compared to the reference sample, which was from Brown line chickens (the parental control), 395, 522, 524 and 526 out of the 44 k genes were differentially expressed (DE) (P ≤ 0.05) in feather samples collected from SL chickens that never developed SLV (NV), from SLV chickens prior to SLV onset (EV), during active loss of pigmentation (AV), and after complete loss of melanocytes (CV). Comparisons of gene expression levels within SL samples (NV, EV, AV and CV) revealed 206 DE genes, which could be categorized into immune system-, melanocyte-, stress-, and apoptosis-related genes based on the biological functions of their corresponding proteins. The autoimmune nature of SLV was supported by predominant presence of immune system related DE genes and their remarkably elevated expression in AV samples compared to NV, EV and/or CV samples. Melanocyte loss was confirmed by decreased expression of genes for melanocyte related proteins in AV and CV samples compared to NV and EV samples. In addition, SLV development was also accompanied by altered expression of genes associated with disturbed redox status and apoptosis. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of DE genes provided functional interpretations involving but not limited to innate and adaptive immune response, oxidative stress and cell death. The microarray results provided comprehensive information at the transcriptome level supporting the multifactorial etiology of vitiligo, where together with apparent inflammatory/innate immune activity and oxidative stress, the adaptive immune response plays a predominant role in melanocyte loss.
Multiple connected quantized resistance regions

Abstract We have examined the effects of inter-connected quantized resistance regions of Si inversion layers in magnetic fields up to 15 T at low temperatures, the quantized regions are connected in two different configurations: (1) isolated regions connected by regions of low resistance, and (2) contiguous quantized regions. Connected regions of type 1 allow the tailoring of Hall resistances to any desired rational fraction of the quantized resistance. These measured resistances are easily accurate to better than a few parts in 106 of the idealized resistance. This can be done with regions of either the same or differing Landau level index. In contrast to devices of type 1, the quantized regions of type 2 do not act as separate and distinct regions. These regions act as if they interact via the ϱxy, term which is dominated by the region characterized by the lowest Landau level index.
Neural ensemble communities: Open-source approaches to hardware for large-scale electrophysiology

One often-overlooked factor when selecting a platform for large-scale electrophysiology is whether or not a particular data acquisition system is ‘open’ or ‘closed’: that is, whether or not the system's schematics and source code are available to end users. Open systems have a reputation for being difficult to acquire, poorly documented, and hard to maintain. With the arrival of more powerful and compact integrated circuits, rapid prototyping services, and web-based tools for collaborative development, these stereotypes must be reconsidered. We discuss some of the reasons why multichannel extracellular electrophysiology could benefit from open-source approaches and describe examples of successful community-driven tool development within this field. In order to promote the adoption of open-source hardware and to reduce the need for redundant development efforts, we advocate a move toward standardized interfaces that connect each element of the data processing pipeline. This will give researchers the flexibility to modify their tools when necessary, while allowing them to continue to benefit from the high-quality products and expertise provided by commercial vendors.
EVOLUTIONARY-GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING 2-D STEADY-STATE CONDUCTION PROBLEMS

Genetic algorithms that can solve problems in conduction heat transfer have in the past encountered difficulties with increasing mesh resolution. The reasons for these difficulties were identified to be due to the np-hard nature of the problem. They were successfully resolved by means of a novel "genetic engineering" operator. As the data show, the new algorithm displays good convergence and can solve much finer meshes than previously possible. In addition, the algorithm was tested on different boundary conditions, such as fixed temperature, convection, and prescribed heat flux. Finally, the effect of different parameters and operators on the accuracy of the results was studied.
Effect of tranylcypromine on the mechanical activity of rabbit aorta and esophagus and guinea pig taenia coli.

Abstract Tranylcypromine (10−4 and 10−5M), but not iproniazid, pheniprazine or pyrogallol (10−4 and 10−5 M), increased the tension of rabbit aortic and esophageal strip and decreased the tension of guinea pig taenia coli. This effect was prevented by phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine (10−5 M) but not by propranolol or MJ1998 (both 10−5 M). Only pyrogallol (10−6 M) potentiated the norepinephrine response of the aortic strip. An alpha receptor stimulant action for tranylcypromine, and the relative unimportance of MAO in smooth muscle, are suggested by these results.
Output-Only Modal Identification of a Nonuniform Beam by Using Decomposition Methods

Reduced-order mass weighted proper orthogonal decomposition (RMPOD), smooth orthogonal decomposition (SOD), and state variable modal decomposition (SVMD) are used to extract modal parameters from a nonuniform experimental beam. The beam was sensed by accelerometers. Accelerometer signals were integrated and passed through a high-pass filter to obtain velocities and displacements, all of which were used to build the necessary ensembles for the decomposition matrices. Each of these decomposition methods was used to extract mode shapes and modal coordinates. RMPOD can directly quantify modal energy, while SOD and SVMD directly produce estimates of modal frequencies. The extracted mode shapes and modal frequencies were compared to an analytical approximation of these quantities, and to frequencies estimated by applying the fast Fourier transform to accelerometer data. SVMD is also applied to estimate modal damping, which was compared to the estimate by logarithmic decrement applied to modal coordinate signals, with varying degrees of success. This paper shows that these decomposition methods are capable of extracting lower modal parameters of an actual experimental beam.
Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization: Quantitative imaging of single RNA molecules

In situ detection of RNAs is becoming increasingly important for analysis of gene expression within and between intact cells in tissues. International genomics efforts are now cataloging patterns of RNA transcription that play roles in cell function, differentiation, and disease formation, and they are demonstrating the importance of coding and noncoding RNA transcripts in these processes. However, these techniques typically provide ensemble averages of transcription across many cells. In situ hybridization-based analysis methods complement these studies by providing information about how expression levels change between cells within normal and diseased tissues, and they provide information about the localization of transcripts within cells, which is important in understanding mechanisms of gene regulation. Multi-color, single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) is particularly useful since it enables analysis of several different transcripts simultaneously. Combining smFISH with immunofluorescent protein detection provides additional information about the association between transcription level, cellular localization, and protein expression in individual cells.
Endocarditis with Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysm Caused by Cardiobacterium valvarum sp. nov.

A fastidious gram-negative bacterium was isolated from the blood of a 37-year-old man who had insidious endocarditis with a sudden rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. Characterization of the organism through phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses revealed a novel species of Cardiobacterium, for which the name Cardiobacterium valvarum sp. nov. is proposed. C. valvarum will supplement the current sole species Cardiobacterium hominis, a known cause of endocarditis. Surgeries and antibiotic treatment cured the patient's infection and associated complications. During cardiac surgery, a congenital bicuspid aortic valve was found to be the predisposing factor for his endocarditis.
The development of a world class Othello program

Abstract In this paper we describe an Othello program, BILL, that has far surpassed the generation of Othello programs represented by IAGO. Its performance is due to a combination of factors. First, a wide variety of searching and timing techniques are used in order to increase its search depth. Furthermore, BILL efficiently uses a large amount of knowledge in its evaluation function. This efficiency is achieved through the use of pre-computed tables that can recognize hundreds of thousands of patterns in constant time. Finally, we applied Bayesian learning to combine features in BILL's evaluation function. This algorithm is automatic and optimal. It encapsulates inter-feature correlations, and directly estimates the probability of winning. These techniques are instrumental to BILL's playing strength, and we believe that they are generalizable to other domains.
Fishery Research Commission, Labrador and Newfoundland

Temperature- and salinity-stations—During 1933, 126 temperature- and salinity -stations, continuing the regular research-stations from 1932, were occupied, water-samples being taken from the surface to varying depths, the greatest of which was 400 meters. The area covered was from Hamilton Inlet, Labrador, in the north, around the Coast of Newfoundland, and over the Newfoundland Banks, with five stations on the Nova Scotia banks. This area is practically the same as that shown in Figures 1 to 10 at the end of our Annual Report for 1932. Besides these regular research-stations, ten stations were made on the south of Grand Bank and 27 on Sable Island Bank, on commercial fishing-cruises of the Cape Agulhas in the early spring.
The rabbit as a model for evaluating skin irritants: a comparison of results obtained on animals and man using repeated skin exposures.

A new animal test for evaluating the skin-irritant capacity of cosmetic and drug preparations and ingredients intended for repeated application is presented. The test is patterned on the 21-day occlusive test on man. Substances are applied 16 times (uncovered) to the skin of rabbits over a 3-wk period. The two parameters of the inflammatory response evaluated (16 times) throughout the test as indices of skin irritation are redness (cumulative irritation score) and fluid accumulation (changes in skinfold thickness). Measurements of these two parameters are highly correlated (r = 0·86; P < 0·001). Results on 60 test materials showed a significant correlation (r = 0·30; P < 0·02) between the cumulative irritation scores obtained on rabbits and those obtained on man. The usefulness and limitations of single-application (Draize type) and multiple-application tests for skin irritation are discussed. Exploratory results with hairless rats and hairless hamsters suggested that these species were not sufficiently responsive to be useful in skin-irritation studies. A radioimmunoassay of skin prostaglandin E disclosed no differences between irritated and control skin, suggesting that this technique cannot be used as an objective measure of skin irritation.
Psychological functioning, support for self-management, and glycemic control among rural African American adults with diabetes mellitus type 2.

OBJECTIVE To test a contextual-ecological model of factors relevant for glycemic control in an understudied and vulnerable population of persons with diabetes mellitus Type 2. DESIGN Rural African American adults (40-65 years old, n = 200) with Type 2 diabetes and 200 adult support persons whom the adults with diabetes nominated were interviewed in their homes. Adults with diabetes and support persons reported their own psychological functioning, which included depressive symptoms, self-esteem levels, and optimism levels as well as the quality of their relationship with one another. Adults with diabetes reported the extent and quality of the instrumental and emotional support they received from their support persons. RESULTS Structural equation modeling indicated that psychological functioning among the adults with diabetes and support persons was associated with the latter's provision of support for diabetes self-management. Support, in turn, was linked indirectly with glycemic control as assessed via glycosylated hemoglobin levels, through promotion of glucose monitoring. CONCLUSION Targeting sources of support in patients' immediate social contexts is important to the improvement of self-care and deterring of morbidity among rural African Americans with Type 2 diabetes.
Studying Religion in Motion: A Networks Approach

This essay offers some theoretical and methodological reflections on how the study of religion might look if we were to assume that complexity, connectivity, and fluidity are preponderant features of our present age, without ignoring the strong countervailing global logics of segregation, surveillance, and control. After characterizing transnational, global, and diasporic modalities of religion in motion, the essay explores the strengths and weaknesses of the analytical tools of flows, landscapes, and networks in the study of mobility. I argue that by placing power front and center, the concept of networks provides a necessary corrective to hydraulic models of flows and spatial metaphors of landscapes. These metaphors tend to overstate the pervasiveness of porous boundaries and movement or to privilege the hermeneutic and phenomenological dimensions of religious activity.
MR1-restricted mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and its human host have long co-evolved. Although the host cellular immune response is critical to the control of the bacterium information on the specific contribution of different immune cell subsets in humans is incomplete. Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a prevalent and unique T-cell population in humans with the capacity to detect intracellular infection with bacteria including Mtb. MAIT cells detect bacterially derived metabolites presented by the evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex-like molecule MR1. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of this T-cell subset and address the potential roles for MR1-restricted T cells in the control, diagnosis, and therapy of tuberculosis.
Trisomy 12 and K‐ras‐2 Amplification in human ovarian tumors

Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 11 benign and borderline ovarian tumors. Trisomy 12, identified as a sole abnormality in 6 tumors, is likely a specific karyotypic change in different benign and borderline tumors and may well be a primary chromosomal lesion in these tumors. The possible association between amplification of the proto-oncogene K-ras-2 which is located on chromosome 12 and trisomy 12 was investigated. DNA blotting analysis of 64 tumors indicates that trisomy 12 does not seem to be related to K-ras-2 amplification in ovarian tumors. K-ras-2 amplification was observed in 3 high-grade tumors from 3 patients with metastases.
Iberian Science in the Renaissance: Ignored How Much Longer?

The contributions of Portuguese and Spanish sixteenth century science and technology in fields such as metallurgy, medicine, agriculture, surgery, meteorology, cosmography, cartography, navigation, military technology, and urban engineering, by and large, have been excluded in most accounts of the Scientific Revolution. I review several recent studies in English on sixteenth and seventeenth century natural history and natural philosophy to demonstrate how difficult it has become for Anglo-American scholarship to bring Iberia back into narratives on the origins of “modernity.” The roots of this exclusion, to be sure, hark back to the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment. The oversight is unfortunate for it has blinded scholars to the fact that the Iberians first created a culture of empirical, experimental, and utilitarian knowledge-gathering of massive proportions that did not get its cues from the classics or the learned, but from merchants, enterprising settlers, and bureaucrats. The Portuguese ...
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ITERATIVE LEARNING CONTROL SYSTEM WITH INTERVAL UNCERTAINTY

Abstract This paper presents a stability analysis of the iterative learning control (ILC) problem when the plant Markov parameters are subject to interval uncertainty. Using the super-vector approach to ILC, vertex Markov matrices are employed to develop sufficient conditions for both asymptotic stability and monotonic convergence of the ILC process. It is shown that Kharitonov segments between vertex matrices are not required for checking the stability of interval super-vector ILC systems, but instead checking just the vertex Markov matrices is sufficient.
Positive solutions for a semipositone fractional boundary value problem with a forcing term

The authors obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of at least one and two positive solutions of a higher order semipositone fractional boundary value problem with a forcing term in the differential equation. Examples are included to illustrate the results.
Direct amplification of DNA from fresh and preserved ectomycorrhizal root tips

Methods are described by which DNA can be amplified directly from ectomycorrhizal root tip homogenates of a variety of plant species (Picea mariana (black spruce), Betula papyrifera (paper birch), Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) and Alnus sp.(alder)), including root tips that have been preserved in RNA Later (Ambion, Austin, TX). In most cases for extracts and homogenates diluted 10-fold prior to PCR, and in all cases for 100-fold dilutions, direct amplification of DNA from fresh root tip homogenates yielded as many or more ng of PCR amplicon (fungal ITS region) than amplification of DNA extracted from the same tips using a commercial kit or a manual ethanol precipitation-based method. For alder root tip extracts diluted 10-fold, the commercial kit method yielded more ng of PCR amplicon than 10-fold diluted, although direct use of homogenates still resulted in amplification in all tips tested. We also demonstrate consistent amplification of DNA from homogenates of birch, spruce and aspen ectomycorrhizal root tips preserved for 4 months in RNA Later.
Acute ethanol does not always affect delay discounting in rats selected to prefer or avoid ethanol.

Aims : The purpose of this study was to determine whether animals predisposed to prefer alcohol possess an altered acute response to alcohol on a delay discounting task relative to animals predisposed to avoid alcohol. Methods : We used rats selected to prefer or avoid alcohol to assess whether genotype moderates changes in delay discounting induced by acute ethanol exposure. Selectively bred rat lines of Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP; n = 8) and non-preferring (sNP; n = 8) rats, and alko alcohol (AA, n = 8) and alko non-alcohol (ANA, n = 8) rats were trained in an adjusting amount task to assess delay discounting. Results : There were no significant effects of line on baseline discounting; however, both lines of alcohol-preferring rats exhibit slowed reaction times. Acute ethanol (0, 0.25, 0.5 g/kg) treatment also had no effect on delay discounting in any of the selectively bred rat lines. Conclusion : Our data indicate that in these lines of animals, alcohol preference or avoidance has no impact on delay discounting following acute ethanol exposure. It is possible that other genetic models or lines may be differentially affected by alcohol and exhibit qualitatively and quantitatively different responses in delay discounting tasks.
The Relationship of Abuse to Women’s Health Status and Health Habits

The present study examined the relationship between exposure to abuse and women’s health status and health behaviors in a sample of rural women. One hundred forty-eight women visiting a community health care center completed survey packets that included measures that assessed: exposure to abuse, impairment associated with exposure to abuse, physical and mental health problems, health behaviors, and the extent of health care usage. Results indicated that exposure to abuse was positively and significantly related to the adoption of a negative psychological perspective, which in turn was negatively correlated with physical and mental health, as well as with the practice of healthy behaviors. Results also showed that women exposed to abuse engage in less healthy behaviors and utilize more health care resources than do women with no such exposure. Implications for improving the assessment and treatment of abuse in health care settings are discussed.
Random Walk of Processive, Quantum Dot-Labeled Myosin Va Molecules within the Actin Cortex of COS-7 Cells

Myosin Va (myoVa) is an actin-based intracellular cargo transporter. In vitro experiments have established that a single myoVa moves processively along actin tracks, but less is known about how this motor operates within cells. Here we track the movement of a quantum dot (Qdot)-labeled myoVa HMM in COS-7 cells using total internal reflectance fluorescence microscopy. This labeling approach is unique in that it allows myoVa, instead of its cargo, to be tracked. Single-particle analysis showed short periods (≤0.5 s) of ATP-sensitive linear motion. The mean velocity of these trajectories was 604 nm/s and independent of the number of myoVa molecules attached to the Qdot. With high time (16.6 ms) and spatial (15 nm) resolution imaging, Qdot-labeled myoVa moved with sequential 75 nm steps per head, at a rate of 16 s−1, similarly to myoVa in vitro. Monte Carlo modeling suggests that the random nature of the trajectories represents processive myoVa motors undergoing a random walk through the dense and randomly oriented cortical actin network.
Nonsolvolytic acetylation of homatropine by aspirin

A nonsolvolytic (solid-state) reaction between aspirin and homatropine, yielding acetylhomatropine and free salicylic acid, is reported. A GC assay for homatropine is described. In the presence of excess aspirin, the kinetics are pseudo first order with respect to homatropine. The apparent heat of activation is estimated and a possible mechanism of the reaction is discussed.
Evaluation of Anticoagulant Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure

A one year study evaluating anticoagulant drugs as an adjunct in the management of congestive heart failure has been carried out on 300 patients. Depo-Heparin and dicumarol were the drugs employed. The effect of anticoagulant therapy upon the incidence of thromboembolic complications and mortality has been studied.
Effect of oscillations during extrusion on rheology and mechanical properties of polymers

An experimental study associated with the applications of sound and ultrasonic waves to extrusion is conducted. Two laboratory setups are developed for these purposes incorporating orthogonal and parallel superposition of oscillations on pressure flow during extrusion. The orthogonal superposition of sound oscillations is imposed in an annular die. The parallel superposition of ultrasound oscillations is imposed in a circular die. Several materials including unfilled and filled thermoplastics, thermoplastic elastomer, and elastomer are tested. Die characteristics, power consumption, and die swell are determined during extrusion. The rheological properties, molecular weight, tensile properties, and impact strength of materials with and without sound and ultrasound treatment are investigated, indicating permanent changes in these properties. The observed effects are found to depend on melt temperature, flow rate, nature of polymer system, and oscillating parameters such as frequency and deformation amplitude.
Performance Analysis of a Continuous Rotating Annular Electrophoresis Column

Abstract A new continuous electrophoresis column is proposed which will allow for the continuous separation of industrial scale multicomponent mixtures. Computer simulated calculations predict steady-state bed temperature, separation distance, and power requirements. The proposed design compares favorably to previous designs in terms of minimizing peak bed temperature and power consumed.
Study of internal lattice strain distributions in stainless steel using a full-field elasto-viscoplastic formulation based on fast Fourier transforms

Abstract In this work, the evolution of internal lattice strains in face-centered cubic stainless steel under uniaxial tension is studied using a recently developed full-field elasto-viscoplastic formulation based on fast Fourier transforms. The shape of the diffraction peaks is simulated, and the predicted lattice strains (peak shift and broadening) are compared with the experimental measurements obtained by in situ tensile neutron diffraction. Detailed analysis of the lattice strain distributions reveal that {1 0 0} and {1 1 0} transverse families exhibit a bimodal nature, and that transverse lattice strains are more sensitive to local grain interactions compared with longitudinal lattice strains. A comparison with the results of a mean-field formulation indicates that type III (intragranular) stresses play a much larger role than type II (intergranular) stresses in diffraction peak broadening.
Sixty Day Continuous Use of Subdermal Wire Electrodes for EEG Monitoring During Treatment of Status Epilepticus

Use of continuous EEG in the ICU setting is increasing. The EEG electrode continues to be a weak link in the chain from recording to interpretation. The technical difficulties of maintaining artifact-free, low impedance data collection are magnified by the ICU environment and prolonged duration of monitoring often required for these patients. We describe a case demonstrating the longest reported continuous use of subdermal wire electrodes. Subdermal wire electrodes offer a safe method to overcome technical challenges while maintaining high-recording quality. Their advantages and disadvantages are considered in specific circumstances and in comparison to other electrode types.
‘Do Bangladeshi Factory Workers need Saving? Sisterhood in the Post-sweatshop Era’

This article revisits the figure of the ‘third world sweatshop worker’, long iconic of the excesses of the global expansion of flexible accumulation in late twentieth-century capitalism. I am interested in how feminist activists concerned with the uneven impact of neo-liberal policies can engage in progressive political interventions without participating in the ‘culture of global moralism’ that continues to surround conventional representations of third world workers. I situate my analysis in the national space of Bangladesh, where the economy is heavily dependent on the labour of women factory workers in the garment industry and where local feminist understandings of the ‘sweatshop economy’ have not always converged with global feminist/left concerns about the exploitation inherent in the (now not so new) New International Division of Labor. The tensions or disjunctures between ‘global’ and ‘local’ feminist viewpoints animate the concerns of this article. I argue that de-contextualized critiques derived from abstract notions of individual rights, and corresponding calls for change from above – calls on the conscience of the feminist and the consumer, for instance – can entail troubling analytical simplifications. They highlight some relations of power while erasing others, thereby enacting a different kind of violence and at times undermining mobilizations on the ground. I draw attention to the multiple fields of power through which much of the activism across borders continues to be produced and reproduced discursively. This kind of framing fits all too easily into existing cultural scripts about gender and race elsewhere, and produces ethical obligations to ‘save’ women workers.
Robust and Conventional Neuropsychological Norms: Diagnosis and Prediction of Age-Related Cognitive Decline

The aim of the study was to compare the performance of Robust and Conventional neuropsychological norms in predicting clinical decline among healthy adults and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The authors developed Robust baseline cross sectional and longitudinal change norms from 113 healthy participants retaining a normal diagnosis for at least 4 years. Baseline Conventional norms were separately created for 256 similar healthy participants without follow-up. Conventional and Robust norms were tested in an independent cohort of longitudinally studied healthy (n=223), MCI (n=136), and Alzheimer's disease (AD, n=162) participants; 84 healthy participants declined to MCI or AD (NL-->DEC), and 44 MCI declined to AD (MCI-->AD). Compared to Conventional norms, baseline Robust norms correctly identified a higher proportion of NL-->DEC with impairment in delayed memory and attention-language domains. Both norms predicted decline from MCI-->AD. Change norms for delayed memory and attention-language significantly incremented baseline classification accuracies. These findings indicate that Robust norms improve identification of healthy individuals who will decline and may be useful for selecting at-risk participants for research studies and early interventions.
Diversity in Genetic Counseling: Strategies from the LEND Network

To the Editor: We appreciate the article published 17 June 2008, “Diversity in Genetic Counseling: Past, Present and Future,” and its illumination of the issue concerning a lack of ethnic and racial diversity in genetic counseling. The lessons learned regarding the experiences of other health professions offer a solid basis for developing similar initiatives in the field of genetic counseling. Experiences within the network of Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities (LEND) Programs offer additional strategies to address diversity. LEND programs are federally funded, advanced level interdisciplinary training programs committed to training leaders in the field of neurodevelopmental and related disabilities. There are currently 38 programs in the U.S. In 2005, the Association of University Centers on Disabilities (AUCD) announced a grant opportunity within the LEND network to increase leadership training in genetic counseling programs, to increase the genetic content in LEND curricula and to develop innovative means to increase the number and diversity of genetic counselors serving children with special health care needs and their families. Three 3-year projects were funded. They included the LEND programs at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Funding was provided through the Health Resources and Services Administration’s Maternal and Child Health Bureau.
Dealing with web data: history and look ahead

The high rate of change and the unprecedented scale of the Web pose enormous challenges to search engines who wish to provide the most up-to-date and highly relevant information to its users. The VLDB 2000 paper "The Evolution of the Web and Implications for an Incremental Crawler" tried to address part of this challenge by collecting and analyzing the Web history data and by describing the architecture and the associated algorithms for an incremental Web crawler that can provide more up-to-date data to users in a timely manner. Experiments and theoretical analysis showed --- surprisingly at the time --- that a policy that allocates more resources to more frequently changing items does not necessarily lead to better performance. In this paper, we discuss what has happened in the 10 years since and talk about the challenges that lie head.
A note on generalized hold functions

Abstract In this note, we study the generalized hold functions for use of digital control of continuous-time systems. First we define and solve the problem of simultaneous stabilization and minimization. It is shown that every plant with a strictly proper transfer function is simultaneously stabilizable and minimizable, provided that the sampling interval is small enough. We also consider robust designs of generalized hold functions. A condition is given for the stability of a system using generalized hold functions in the presence of uncertainty.
Growth and characterization of Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Se alloys

A detailed evaluation of the influence of growth conditions on the radial and axial compositional variations in directionally solidified Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Se alloys was performed. The measured axial compositional profiles were fitted to theoretical profiles to determine the effective solute (CdSe) diffusion coefficient (D) for the Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Se system. The value for D was estimated to be 3.0 + or - 0.5 x 10 to the -5th sq cm/s and did not appear to be significantly affected by the rate of crystal growth. The axial crystal uniformity was shown to be highly growth-rate dependent, with the faster growth rates producing crystals of more uniform composition in the axial direction. The magnitude of the radial variations was also shown to be highly growth-rate dependent, with the slower growth rates producing crystals of greater radial uniformity. This translation rate dependence of the radial uniformity is discussed in terms of lateral solute diffusion and convective interfacial fluid flows.
Braided thermoplastic composites from powder-coated towpregs. Part I: Towpreg characterization

Textile preforms offer the potential for producing low cost, complex shaped, advanced composite structures. For thermoplastic composites in particular, it is advantageous to incorporate the resin in the low prior to textile processing since it is difficult to impregnate dry fabrics with thermoplastic melts. Incorporating resin in the tows tends to alter the properties of the tows that are critical for textile processibility. In this paper, carbon fiber tows coated with nylon powder are studied. They are characterized for flexibility and friction coefficient, which are critical for textile processibility, and for lateral compressibility, which is critical for composite moldability. These studies reveal that the powder coated tows have higher stiffness, friction coefficient, and bulk factor compared to uncoated and commingled tows. The influence of these towpreg properties on their braidability has been studied and is provided in Part II of this series.
Endoparasites of selected populations of cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) in the southeastern United States.

During the fall of 1966 and spring of 1967,260 cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) were collected from 13 sites in 8 southeastern states and examined for endoparasites. In order of prevalence, the endoparasites found were: Obeliscoides cuniculi, Trichostrongylus calcaratus, Trichostrongylus affinis, Taenia pisiformis (cysticerci), Raillietina salmoni, Eimeria spp., Longistriata noviberiae, Cittotaenia variabilis, Hasstilesia tricolor, Trichuris leporis, Dermatoxys veligera, Passalurus ambiguus, Dirofilaria scapiceps, Sarcocystis sp., Linguatula serrata, Nematodirus leporis, and Gongylonema pulchrum. Data are presented on prevalence and intensity of infection with each parasite along with information on geographic distribution. Cottontail rabbits in the southeastern United States show a higher level of parasitism than has been reported from other regions, although these higher parasite burdens were not necessarily associated with increased host morbidity.
A fast parallel implementation of a Berlekamp-Massey algorithm for algebraic-geometric codes

We obtain a parallel Berlekamp-Massey-type algorithm for determining error locating functions for the class of one point algebraic-geometric codes. The proposed algorithm has a regular and simple structure and is suitable for VLSI implementation. We give an outline for an implementation, which uses as main blocks /spl gamma/ copies of a modified one-dimensional Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, where /spl gamma/ is the order of the first nongap in the function space associated with the code. Such a parallel implementation determines the error locator for an algebraic-geometric code using the same time requirements as the underlying one-dimensional Berlekamp-Massey algorithm applied to the decoding of Reed-Solomon codes.
The fundamental role of causal models in cultural models of nature

Cultural Models (CMs) are a way to organize mental knowledge (Holland and Quinn, 1987; Bennardo and De Munck, 2014) within communities of various sizes. Regarding their internal organization, causality plays a major role in CMs' structure/s. A widely accepted way to represent causality in a variety of domains is that of using causal models (Sloman, 2009; Rips, 2011). I propose to think about and use the concept of causal model as a fundamental aspect of CMs. I provide a tentative exemplification of this proposal by looking at causal models in CMs of nature.