cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Property, Capital, and Race: Rural Capitalism and Racialized Landscapes in Nineteenth-century Massachusetts

Historical archaeologists utilize data from the documentary record, and deeds in particular. Property records allow archaeologists to define site boundaries and place people in time and space, facilitating the connection of people with the material record they created in the past. Deeds also can provide details about people’s integration into the networks of collective life in a community and access to marketplaces of financial capital. As such, deeds hold the potential to make visible the race, class, and gender lines of the past. This exploratory study, centered at the W. E. B. Du Bois Homesite in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, presents an attempt to use the property records of the Burghardt family—Du Bois’ ancestors and owners of the property for over a century—to more deeply examine African-American life in rural New England. I also examine the Burghardt family members’ interactions with finance capital and how they negotiated the post-emancipation color line in western Massachusetts.
Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Which Strategy to Sustain Nuclear Renaissance?

By proposing a credible response to the growing demand for energy while emitting no greenhouse gas, nuclear power will more than likely expand in the future, leading to increased quantities of used nuclear fuel to manage. Recycling the energy from this used fuel and an efficient waste management are key components for a sustainable development of nuclear energy. Current closed fuel cycle enables 25% in uranium savings, reduces the volume of waste by a factor 5 while its radiotoxicity is divided by a factor 10. Excellent track records of existing recycling plants participate to the competitiveness of MOX (Mixed Oxide) and ERU (Enriched Reprocessed Uranium) fuels compared to ENU (Enriched Natural Uranium) fuel. By offering a sound solution for nuclear waste management, recycling also contribute to favour nuclear acceptance. The advantages of closed fuel cycle have been demonstrated by the successful policy of recycling implemented in Europe for more than 30 years, with 35 reactors using MOX fuel with an excellent return of experience. The AREVA industrial recycling platform (La Hague and Melox plants) has treated more than 24,500 tons of used fuel and fabricated more than 1,600 tons of MOX fuel. With the new AREVA EPR™ reactor, recycling will take another step forward, enabling MOX fuel loading of up to 100%, thus offering optimized management options of recycled fuel, and giving more flexibility to its customers.© 2010 ASME
Quantum well states as mediators of magnetic coupling in superlattices.

Quantum well states are found at the Fermi level in Cu on Co(100) and Ag on Fe(100) using inverse photoemission. They appear every 5.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 layers in Cu/Co(100), which agrees with the 5.5- to 6-layer oscillation period of the magnetic coupling in Cu/Co(100) superlattices. For Ag/Fe(100) they connect with minority-spin interface states observed below ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{F}}$ previously, providing a magnetic coupling channel through the noble metal. These properties are explained in terms of the bulk band structure.
Parents' Influence on Youths' Civic Behaviors: The Civic Context of the Caregiving Environment

The family system, or the caregiving environment, facilitates the socialization of youth into society. This article explores the influence of parents' civic behavior within the caregiving environment on the prosocial civic behaviors of their late adolescent and young adult children. Using secondary data from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement National Youth Survey, this exploratory study examines behaviors among 1,000 youths ages 15 to 25 years. Parents' voting behaviors and parent—child political communication were significant measures related to youths' value of voting and performance of service (volunteering). The findings suggest that an altruism-rich, caregiving environment is a significant familial context to promote and sustain civic engagement among youths.
Examination of factors determining fault in two-vehicle motorcycle crashes

Motorcycle crashes frequently involve a combination of high-risk behaviors by the motorcyclist or the other crash-involved driver. Such behaviors may include riding or driving without appropriate licensure or while under the influence of alcohol, as well as deciding not to use a safety device such as a helmet or safety belt. Given that these factors frequently occur in combination with one another, it is difficult to untangle the specific effects of individual factors leading up to the crash outcome. This study assesses how various rider-, driver-, and other crash-specific factors contribute to at-fault status in two-vehicle motorcycle crashes, as well as how these same factors affect the propensity for other high-risk behaviors. Furthermore, the interrelationships among fault status and these other behaviors are also examined using a multivariate probit model. This model is developed using police-reported crash data for the years 2006-2010 from the State of Ohio. The results show that younger motorcyclists are more likely to be at-fault in the event of a collision, as are riders who are under the influence of alcohol, riding without insurance, or not wearing a helmet. Similarly, motorcyclists were less likely to be at-fault when the other driver was of younger age or was driving under the influence of alcohol, without insurance, or not wearing their safety belt. Crash-involved parties who engaged in one high-risk behavior were more likely to engage in other such behaviors, as well, and this finding was consistent for both motorcyclists and drivers. The results of this study suggest that educational and enforcement strategies aimed at addressing any one of these behaviors are likely to have tangential impacts on the other behaviors, as well.
Sensitivity of discrete systems to variation of sampling interval

The purpose of this paper is to extend the methods of sensitivity analysis to discrete systems, with major emphasis on the determination of the effects of perturbations in sampling frequency on system performance. A method for the derivation of a sensitivity difference equation is presented. The method is applied to the study of both local effects (i.e., effects upon the next sampled value) and global effects (i.e., effects upon the entire solution sequence). The global sensitivity function is applied to extrapolation of system performance. The local sensitivity function is used as a basis for the synthesis of a discrete system with an adaptive sampling control law.
The impact of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy on health care systems

Abstract Impiantabic cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are now widely used for the secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death and are being offered as a primary preventive therapy. This technology has potential for significant fiscal impact on health care budgets. Technologic innovation will result in more complex devices that are more effective and better accepted by patients and physicians. The clinical impact of these devices will be predicated, in part, by absolute survival benefits but also by their relative advantages over alternative therapies in terms of survival, safety, morbidity, quality of life, and cost. The impact on public health will depend on the effectiveness of screening methods for identification of populations likely to benefit from primary prevention. Risk stratification algorithms are now being tested in several ongoing clinical trials. Dilution of benefit by competing illnesses may occur to different extents in individual patient populations. The economic impact is predicated on the future cost of ICD systems, limitation of hospitalization costs associated with this therapy, and accurate prospective stratification in primary prevention populations. Cost efficacy analyses and quality of life assessment in ongoing and future clinical trials are essential to the development of this therapy and its diffusion into different health care systems. Achievement of clinical benefits, functional independence, and a return to gainful employment by patients will be important determinants of the support lent by health care systems to the dissemination of this therapy.
Hiding latency in Coarray Fortran 2.0

In Numrich and Reid's 1998 proposal [17], Coarray Fortran is a simple set of extensions to Fortran 95, principal among which is support for shared data known as coarrays. Responding to short-comings in the Fortran Standards Committee's addition of coarrays to the Fortran 2008 standards, we at Rice envisioned an extensive update which has come to be known as Coarray Fortran 2.0 [15]. In this paper, we chronicle the evolution of Coarray Fortran 2.0 as it gains support for asynchronous point-to-point and collective operations. We outline how these operations are implemented and describe code fragments from several benchmark programs to show we use these operations to hide latency by overlapping communication and computation.
High-breakdown-voltage pn-junction diodes on GaN substrates

Abstract GaN pn-junction diodes have been grown on GaN and sapphire substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy and their electrical characteristics have been studied. For the diode on the GaN substrate, the reverse leakage current is lower and the breakdown voltage V B is higher than those on the sapphire substrate owing to the lower dislocation density. The breakdown voltage is further improved with decreasing Mg concentration in p-GaN layers. Analysis of the depletion-layer capacitance of pn diodes has revealed that the Mg acceptors are fully ionized in the depletion layer. By optimizing the growth conditions, the diodes on GaN substrates show extremely low leakage current and the ideal hard breakdown at −925 V. The breakdown field is estimated to be 3.27 MV/cm. The specific on-resistance R ON of 6.3 mΩ cm 2 is obtained, leading to the figure of merit, V B 2 / R ON , of 136 MW/cm 2 .
Hybrid Procedure for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: The Nemours Approach

These reportsestablished the feasibility, safety, and efﬁcacy of this strategyto stabilize the circulation in patients with HLHS waiting forhearttransplantation.Althoughinbothseries,ductalpatencyby stent implantation was achieved effectively, the overallsuccess of this approach was inconsistent due to difﬁcultyachieving appropriate control of pulmonary blood ﬂow.More recently, Mitchell and colleagues documented theeffectiveness of mechanical limitation of pulmonary bloodﬂowasabridgetohearttransplantationinolderinfantswithHLHS.
W-band monolithic oscillator using InAlAs/InGaAs HEMT

A W-band monolithic integrated oscillator circuit was designed and fabricated using submicron HEMT technology. The oscillation frequency was around 81 GHz and the power was -7 dBm at the chip level. This is the first report of an InAlAs/InGaAs monolithic oscillator operating at the W-band.
Clinical and Exercise Test Predictors of All-Cause Mortality: Results From > 6,000 Consecutive Referred Male Patients

Objective: To report the prevalence of abnormal treadmill test responses and their association with mortality in a large consecutive series of patients referred for standard exercise tests, with testing performed and reported in a standardized fashion. Background: Exercise testing is widely performed, but few databases exist of large numbers of consecutive tests performed on patients referred for routine clinical purposes using standardized methods. Even fewer of the available databases have information regarding all-cause mortality as an outcome. Methods: All patients referred for evaluation at two university-affiliated Veterans Affairs medical centers who underwent exercise treadmill testing for clinical indications between 1987 and 2000 were determined to be dead or alive using the Social Security death index after a mean 6.2 years (median, 7 years) of follow-up. Clinical and exercise test variables were collected prospectively according to standard definitions; testing and data management were performed in a standardized fashion using a computer-assisted protocol. All-cause mortality was utilized as the end point for follow-up. Standard survival analysis was performed, including Kaplan-Meier curves and a Cox hazard model. Results: There were 6,213 male patients (mean SD age, 59 11 years) who underwent standard exercise ECG treadmill testing over the study period with a mean follow-up duration of 6.2 3.7 years. There were no complications of testing in this clinically referred population, 78% of whom were referred for chest pain, or risk factors or signs or symptoms of ischemic heart disease. Overlapping thirds had typical angina or history of myocardial infarction (MI). Five hundred seventy-nine patients had prior coronary artery bypass surgery, and 522 patients had a history of congestive heart failure (CHF). Indications for testing were in accordance with published guidelines. Twenty percent died over the follow-up period, for an average annual mortality rate of 2.6%. Cox hazard function chose the following variables in rank order as independently and significantly associated with time to death: exercise capacity (metabolic equivalents 65 years, history of CHF, and history of MI. A score based on these variables (summing up the four variables [if yes 1 point]) classified patients into low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups. The high-risk group (score > 3) has a hazard ratio of 5.0 (95% confidence interval, 4.7 to 5.3) and a 5-year mortality rate of 31%. Conclusion: This comprehensive analysis provides rates of various abnormal responses that can be expected in patients referred for exercise testing at a typical medical center. Four simple variables combined as a score powerfully stratified patients according to prognosis. (CHEST 2001; 120:1003–1013)
Molecular Screening of Alcohol and Polyol Adsorption onto MFI-type Zeolites

Configurational-bias grand canonical Monte Carlo (CB-GCMC) simulations and expanded ensemble (EE)-CB-GCMC simulations were performed to obtain adsorption isotherms of alcohols and polyols onto MFI-type zeolites from the gas phase and aqueous solution. In adsorption from both phases, Henry’s constants and heats of adsorption at infinite dilution for straight-chain alcohols, diols, and triols in silicalite-1 are found to increase, and the saturation loadings decrease with increasing carbon number. Adsorption of straight-chain alcohols is more favorable than that of branched-chain alcohols. Henry’s constants increase with increasing number of hydroxyl groups for gas-phase adsorption but decrease for adsorption from aqueous solution due to the strong hydrophilic solvent effect of water. The location of the hydroxyls does not affect significantly the adsorption from aqueous solution but does so in gas-phase adsorption. The saturation pressures for gas-phase adsorption decrease by orders of magnitude from the a...
Dry Peeling of Tomato by Infrared Radiative Heating: Part II. Model Validation and Sensitivity Analysis

In an accompanying study, a predictive mathematical model was developed to simulate heat transfer in a tomato undergoing double sided infrared (IR) heating in a dry-peeling process. The aims of the present study were to validate the developed model using experimental data and to investigate different engineering parameters that most strongly influence the rate and uniformity of IR heating. The mode was verified by comparison of the predicted temperature profiles with experimental data for tomatoes with three dimensions. Uniformity of temperature distribution at tomato surface was quantified by surface-averaged temperatures and a derived temperature uniformity index. The predicted temperatures agreed well with experimental data (r 2 > 0.9). Simulation results illustrated that IR heating induced a dramatic temperature increase on the tomato surface, which extended to 0.6 mm beneath (>90 °C) during a 60-s heating period, whereas interior temperature at the tomato center remained low (<30 °C). Sensitivity analysis suggested that strategies to enhance IR heating rate and uniformity can be implemented through varying emissive power, adjusting the distance between emitters, and presorting tomatoes according to size. The validated model provides an effective design tool for better understanding the complex IR radiation heating in developing the innovative IR dry-peeling process.
SU‐E‐T‐865: Biologically Optimized 4D Dose Distributions for the Treatment of Incurable Glioblastoma

Purpose: A patient‐specific method to optimize IMRTtreatment of incurable disease by maximizing tumorcell death and minimizing dose to normal tissue is proposed. Methods: A multiobjective evolutionary algorithm was used to optimize IMRT dose distributions on an example patient throughout treatment using a published patient‐specific 4D mathematical model of glioblastoma proliferation and invasion [Rockne 2010] to calculate the distribution of diffusely invaded tumorcells, hypoxia, and radiosensitivity and recalculate distributions after each week of treatment. Each optimized IMRT plan was designed to maximize EUD for tumorcells while holding constant the EUD for normal tissue. Dose distributions were scaled such that the EUD delivered to the normal tissue for each fraction was equal to the EUD delivered from one fraction using the current clinical protocol of 1.8 Gy to the frank tumor with a 2.5 cm margin. Results: The mathematical model predicted that the total volume of tumor was reduced by 41.0% after one week and 72.5% after two weeks of treatment using the proposed protocol. The current clinical protocol was shown to reduce volume by only 5.5% after one week and 11.2% after two weeks for the same EUD delivered to normal tissue. After 7 weeks of treatment using the clinical protocol and 250% higher normal tissue EUD, the tumor burden was only reduced by 40.4%. Conclusions: A patient‐specific mathematical model showed that a 4D treatment plan that maximizes tumorcell killing while sparing normal tissue reduces the tumor volume more in one week than in seven weeks using current clinical protocol for the same EUD delivered to normal tissue. This approach has the potential to optimize and tailor IMRTtreatment planning to individual patient's disease through an iterative dialog between a mathematical model for disease and response to therapy with objective‐based treatment optimization.
Crystal Structure of the Intermetallic Compound Mg 3 Cr 2 Al 18

A TERNARY intermetallic phase with the approximate composition MgCrAl8, called the E-phase, was observed by Erdmann-Jesnitzer1 in his examination of the magnesium–chromium–aluminium system. Little, Axon and Hume-Rothery2 found that the magnesium content of the E-phase can vary considerably, and that, furthermore, zinc is soluble in the phase to some extent. Crystals extracted from two ternary alloys were found on analysis to have the compositions Mg3Cr2.01Al24.2 and Mg3Cr2.01Al26.4, and those of an E-phase sample containing zinc were found to have the composition Mg3Cr1.52Zn0.06Al16.4. The results of micrographic investigation indicated that the range of composition extends at least from Mg3Cr2Al25 to Mg3Cr1.3Al15.
Self-Help Audiocassette Tapes: Adjunct to Psychological Counseling.

The use of self-help audiocassette tapes in psychological counseling can accelerate the introduction of therapeutic ideas, promote continuity of counseling between sessions, and reinforce behavioral and attitudinal changes. The rationale and description of a program in which this approach is used in brief counseling of college students is discussed.
Fields and trajectories in the magnicon

The magnicon is a type of deflection-modulated microwave amplifier that has great potential for high-power, high-efficiency microwave generation. The magnicon has two TM/sub 110/ cavities, each with fields rotating at microwave frequencies. The first cavity deflection-modulates an electron beam into an expanding spiral path, and the second extracts kinetic energy from the modulated beam. Static magnetic fields employed in the second cavity produce cyclotron motion at frequencies that are multiples of the microwave frequency. The results of calculations performed on this beam-wave system, with a first-order numerical model, provide guidance for magnicon experimental designs. Field calculations have also been done with the three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation code, MAFIA. >
Comparative Analysis of Amphotericin B Lipid Complex and Liposomal Amphotericin B Kinetics of Lung Accumulation and Fungal Clearance in a Murine Model of Acute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

The reformulation of amphotericin B (AMB) into a lipid complex (AMB lipid complex [ABLC]) or liposomal carrier (liposomal AMB [L-AMB]) changes the rate and extent of drug distribution to the lung. The importance of pharmacokinetic differences among the various lipid AMB formulations in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains unknown. We compared the kinetics of AMB lung accumulation and fungal clearance of ABLC- and L-AMB-treated mice with acute IPA. BALB/c mice were immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide and cortisone before intranasal inoculation with 1.5 × 106 Aspergillus fumigatus 293 conidia. ABLC or L-AMB was administered in daily intravenous doses (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of body weight), starting 12 h after infection and continuing until day 5. At predetermined times (0, 24, 72, and 120 h), mice were euthanized, and lungs were harvested for determinations of lung fungal burdens (quantitative PCR) and total AMB lung tissue concentrations. Both ABLC and L-AMB were effective at reducing lung fungal burdens at doses of ≥5 mg/kg/day. Clearance of A. fumigatus during the first 24 h was associated with AMB tissue concentrations of >4 μg/g. At 5 mg/kg/day, ABLC produced a more rapid fungal clearance than did L-AMB, but at the end of therapy, fungal burden reductions were similar for both formulations and were not improved with higher dosages. These data suggest that ABLC delivers active AMB to the lung more rapidly than does L-AMB, resulting in faster Aspergillus clearance in an experimental model of IPA. However, pharmacodynamic differences between the two formulations were less apparent when mice were dosed at 10 mg/kg/day.
Effect of Oxygen Pressure on Microstructure and Coercive Force of Magnesium Ferrite

The precipitate formed during partial reduction of magnesium ferrite raises the coercive force by setting up high stresses in the ferrite matrix as a result of the difference in thermal expansion of the two phases. The slower the cooling rate, the smaller is the final stress and the smaller the influence on the coercive force. Only the magnitude and not the sign of the difference in thermal expansion is of importance, as is shown by making additions of inert phases with thermal expansions both larger and smaller than that of the ferrite. The maximum radial tensile stress set up in the ferrite by the reduced phase is approximately 40,000 1b. per sq. in. in a specimen air-quenched from 1400° C. The formation of a reduced phase in magnesium ferrite is accompanied by a fourfold reduction of the residual porosity. It is not known whether this is the result of a change in stoichiometry of the ferrite with the development of an oxygen-deficient structure and hence enhanced oxygen diffusion rate, or whether the reduced phase prevents grain growth until most of the vacancies have collapsed. The reoxidation of such a two-phase material gives a polycrystalline material with greatly improved magnetic properties.
Zinc uptake in swine intestinal brush border membrane vesicles using a 65Zn/69mZn duel isotope experiment

Supplemental zinc as ZnO is routinely added to nursery pig diets at 15 to 20 times the nutritional requirement to alleviate physiological stress and enhance performance. The mechanism by which Zn accomplishes this function is unknown, however, high concentrations of Zn are excreted in the environment at undesirable levels. To study Zn uptake, we developed a multi-stage digestion model followed by exposure to swine intestinal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). We report on the feasibility of using a duel label (65Zn and 69mZn) to simultaneously quantify the competitive uptake of Zn from co-existing zinc supplements using our BBMV model.
α-Enolase Autoantibodies Cross-Reactive to Viral Proteins in a Mouse Model of Biliary Atresia

Background & Aims Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal cholangiopathy of unknown etiology. The bile duct injury that occurs in patients with BA might result from a hepatobiliary viral infection followed by an autoimmune response against the bile duct epithelia. We aimed to identify autoantigens recognized by serum antibodies in the Rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-induced mouse model of BA; findings were correlated with BA in humans. Methods Bile duct epithelial proteins were screened for their reactivity with serum antibodies from the mouse model of BA using immunoblot assays. Unique proteins that reacted with sera antibodies were identified by mass spectrometry and verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot analyses. Candidate autoantibodies in BA patient sera were analyzed by ELISA. Results A bile duct epithelial antigen that reacted strongly with serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G from the mouse model of BA was identified as α-enolase. α-Enolase autoantibody specificity was confirmed by ELISA and immunoblot analyses. Anti-RRV and anti-enolase antibodies cross-reacted with enolase and RRV proteins; we identified regions of sequence homology between RRV and enolase. Serum samples from patients with BA had increased levels of anti-enolase IgM and IgG. Conclusions We have identified autoantibodies against α-enolase in a mouse model of BA (infected with RRV) and in serum samples from patients, indicating a role of humoral autoimmunity in disease pathogenesis. The cross-reactivity between an anti-enolase antibody and RRV proteins indicates that molecular mimicry might activate humoral autoimmunity in BA patients; further studies are required.
Heterosexual experience differentially affects the expression of sexual behavior in 6- and 8-month-old ram lambs

Abstract The sexual performance of 6- and 8-month-old ram lambs (175 and 26 subjects, respectively) was quantified when individually exposed to four estrous ewes for 30 min on four occasions 7 days apart. In addition, half of the animals in each age class (experimental subjects) were exposed to 16 estrous females for 6, 16 or 24 h after testing on Test Days 1, 2 and 3. Control subjects received no additional exposure to females. Sexual performance improved for all groups over the 4 weeks of testing. However, 6-month control rams improved at a slower rate than 6-month experimental rams. By the fourth weekly test, 58% of the control rams and 85% of the experimental rams had attained ejaculatory competence. Treatment did not affect the sexual performance of the 8-month-old subjects; both control and experimental groups had attained 100% ejaculatory competence by the fourth week. Length of the extended exposure to females did not affect the results. It was concluded that the sexual responsiveness of ram lambs toward females is sufficiently undeveloped at 6 months (i.e. puberty) that extended exposure to sexually receptive ewes is needed for many males to exhibit adult levels of sexual performance. At 8 months, the sexual development of ram lambs has sufficiently matured so that relatively brief encounters with estrous females releases the full expression of adult sexual behaviors. These findings may be of benefit to sheep breeders who wish to use ram lambs in their breeding programs.
Low-cost, high-impact video production techniques for laboratory instructional materials

Video production techniques have been developed to produce laboratory instructional materials that are low cost, both in terms of cash outlay and in instructor development time, and yet which achieve high impact in terms of student learning effectiveness. This paper reviews the instructional needs of the students that motivate the specific choice of production techniques, and presents assessment results from classroom use of the methods. The techniques have been developed to support lab-oriented courses that require students to become proficient users of a set of CAD tools.
Finite-difference time-domain calculation of the spontaneous emission coupling factor in optical microcavities

We present a general method for the /spl beta/ factor calculation in optical microcavities. The analysis is based on the classical model for atomic transitions in a semiconductor active medium. The finite-difference time-domain method is used to evolve the electromagnetic fields of the system and calculate the total radiated energy, as well as the energy radiated into the mode of interest. We analyze the microdisk laser and compare our result with the previous theoretical and experimental analyses. We also calculate the /spl beta/ factor of the microcavity based on a two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal in an optically thin dielectric slab. From the /spl beta/ calculations, we are able to estimate the coupling to radiation modes in both the microdisk and the 2-D photonic crystal cavity, thereby showing the effectiveness of the photonic crystal in suppressing in-plane radiation modes.
Capturing dynamics on multiple time scales: A hybrid approach for cluttered electromagnetic data

Many problems in electromagnetic signal analysis exhibit dynamics on a wide range of time scales against nonstationary clutter and noise. We consider a problem in which the relevant time scales can range from nanoseconds to hours or days (12 or 13 orders of magnitude). We present a hybrid algorithm currently designed to capture the dynamic behavior at scales from nanoseconds to milliseconds (6 orders of magnitude) while remaining robust to clutter and noise. We draw from techniques of adaptive feature extraction, statistical machine learning, and discrete process modeling and present results on a simulated multimode problem. Our goals are to find a representation of the signal that allows us to identify which pulses were produced by a target emitter and to determine the operational mode of the target.
What Is Beyond the Big Five

Previous investigators have proposed that various kinds of person- descriptive content—such as differences in attitudes or values, in sheer evalu- ation, in attractiveness, or in height and girth—are not adequately captured by the Big Five Model. We report on a rather exhaustive search for reliable sources of Big Five-independent variation in data from person-descriptive adjectives. Fifty-three candidate clusters were developed in a college sample using diverse approaches and sources. In a nonstudent adult sample, clusters were evaluated with respect to a minimax criterion: minimum multiple correlation with factors from Big Five markers and maximum reliability. The most clearly Big Five- independent clusters referred to Height, Girth, Religiousness, Employment Status, Youthfulness, and Negative Valence (or low-base-rate attributes). Clus- ters referring to Fashionableness, Sensuality/Seductiveness, Beauty, Masculin- ity, Frugality, Humor, Wealth, Prejudice, Folksiness, Cunning, and Luck appeared to be potentially beyond the Big Five, although each of these clusters demonstrated Big Five multiple correlations of .30 to .45, and at least one correlation of .20 and over with a Big Five factor. Of all these content areas, Religiousness, Negative Valence, and the various aspects of Attractiveness were found to be represented by a substantial number of distinct, common adjectives. Results suggest directions for supplementing the Big Five when one wishes to
An architectural approach to autonomic computing

We describe an architectural approach to achieving the goals of autonomic computing. The architecture that we outline describes interfaces and behavioral requirements for individual system components, describes how interactions among components are established, and recommends design patterns that engender the desired system-level properties of self-configuration, self-optimization, self-healing and self-protection. We have validated many of these ideas in two prototype autonomic computing systems.
Estimation of biogas composition in a catalytic reactor via an extended Kalman filter

Catalytic reforming of biogas for use in a solid oxide fuel cell is a promising method of stationary fuel cell power generation. Potential challenges include the variable composition of input biogas and the resulting effects on the lifetime of the catalytic reactor. Environmental factors cause variability in the produced biogas stream which requires either expensive post processing of the biogas or operation of the reactor at a less efficient operating point. State estimation can be combined with a low-order model of the catalytic reactor to estimate the unknown composition of the biogas. The model used is a continually stirred reactor combined with surface chemistry. This model utilizes a predetermined reaction mechanism for hydrocarbons over a rhodium catalyst. The model reduces to a differential algebraic equation system with order one. An extended Kalman filter is used to estimate the unknown composition of the biogas. Results are presented based on both experimental and model based data.
Laparoscopic evaluation for a contralateral patent processus vaginalis: part III

Abstract Objectives. Between May 1, 1992 and August 1, 1996, 759 consecutive children younger than 10 years of age were evaluated and treated for known inguinal hernia. These children were participating in a prospective investigation of the potential role of diagnostic laparoscopy in the evaluation of the contralateral inguinal anatomy. The initial two series of data (parts I and II of this three-part series) were previously presented at the 1993 and 1995 American Academy of Pediatrics meetings. Methods. Of 759 patients, 100 children were diagnosed with bilateral inguinal hernias and therefore did not undergo laparoscopy. Thirty-two patients did not undergo laparoscopic evaluation due to technical difficulties or complicated clinical situations. The patient's contralateral inguinal region was carefully examined under anesthesia, and predictions were made regarding the likelihood of contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV). Six hundred twenty-seven children underwent diagnostic laparoscopy to confirm the presence or absence of CPPV. Laparoscopy was initially exclusively performed through the umbilicus prior to repair of the known hernia, but over the last 26 months, 250 children successfully underwent laparoscopy through the ipsilateral hernia sac. Results. Of patients younger than 1 year of age, 114 were diagnosed with both a known unilateral hernia and CPPV, whereas 132 had a unilateral hernia only (46% versus 54%). Among children older than 1 year of age, 148 (39%) were diagnosed with unilateral hernia and CPPV, and 233 (61%) were diagnosed with a unilateral hernia alone. After examination under anesthesia, 233 of the 627 patients were suspected of having a CPPV, and 107 were confirmed at laparoscopy (46%). The remaining 394 patients were not believed to have a CPPV. Normal inguinal anatomy was confirmed in 234 patients (59%), but 160 patients were found at laparoscopy to have a CPPV (41%). Conclusions. A contralateral patent processus vaginalis may be present in a surprising number of young patients being evaluated for a known inguinal hernia. Laparoscopy can be performed without a separate incision when the ipsilateral hernia sac is of sufficient width to allow passage of the scope. Laparoscopy is the best method for evaluating the contralateral inguinal region, particularly in younger children, as it prevents unnecessary inguinal exploration and it decreases the risk that the child will later present with a clinical contralateral hernia.
Physical Violence Between Siblings A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

This study develops and tests a theoretical model to explain sibling violence based on the feminist, conflict, and social learning theoretical perspectives and research in psychology and sociology. A multivariate analysis of data from 651 young adults generally supports hypotheses from all three theoretical perspectives. Males with brothers have significantly higher levels of sibling violence than the other three types of sibling pairs. As predicted, conflict and abuse between parents are associated with negative parent-child interactions, which in turn are related to problems in siblings' relationships with each other. All of these predict sibling violence.
Global asymptotic stability in a periodic Lotka-Volterra system

A set of easily verifiable sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a globally asymptotically stable periodic solution in a Lotka-Volterra system with periodic coefficients.
Querying for Information Integration: How to go from an Imprecise Intent to a Precise Query?

In this paper, we address the problem of query formulation in the context of multi-domain integration of heterogeneous data on the Web. We argue that efiectively tackling this problem requires solutions to query speciflcation and reflnement, development and organization of domain taxonomies, and designing query templates to incorporate spatial and temporal conditions across multiple domains. We discuss our approaches in designing the query formulation component for InfoMosaic, our proposed framework for multi-domain information integration.
Effects of Septal Myectomy on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Left Atrial Volume in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Ventricular septal myectomy in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) has been shown to reduce left ventricular (LV) outflow tract (LVOT) gradient and improve symptoms, although little data exist regarding changes in left atrial (LA) volume and LV diastolic function after myectomy. We investigated changes in LA size and LV diastolic function in patients with HC after septal myectomy from 2004 to 2011. We studied 25 patients (age 49.2 ± 13.1 years, 48% women) followed for a mean of 527 days after surgery who had serial echocardiography at baseline and at most recent follow-up, at least 6 months after myectomy. In addition to myectomy, 3 patients (12%) underwent Maze surgery and 13 (52%) underwent mitral valve surgery, of whom 5 had a mitral valve replacement or mitral annuloplasty. Patients with mitral valve replacement or mitral annuloplasty were excluded from LV diastolic function analysis. LA volume index decreased (from 47.2 ± 17.6 to 35.9 ± 17.0 ml/m 2 , p = 0.001) and LV diastolic function improved with an increase in lateral e′ velocity (from 7.3 ± 2.9 to 9.8 ± 3.1 cm/sec, p = 0.01) and a decrease in E/e′ (from 14.8 ± 6.3 to 11.7 ± 5.5, p = 0.051). Ventricular septal thickness and LVOT gradient decreased, and symptoms of dyspnea and heart failure improved, with reduction in the New York Heart Association functional class III/IV symptoms from 21 (84%) to 1 (4%). In conclusion, relief of LVOT obstruction in HC by septal myectomy results in improved LV diastolic function and reduction in LA volume with improved symptoms.
A switched systems approach for the analysis and control of mode transitions in biological networks

This work presents a methodology for the analysis and control of mode transitions in biological networks. The proposed approach is predicated upon the notion of orchestrating switching between the domains of attraction of the steady-states of the constituent modes. Initially, the overall network is modeled as a switched nonlinear system that consists of multiple modes, each governed by a set of continuous-time differential equations. The transitions between the continuous modes are triggered by discrete events (changes in model parameters that correspond to alterations in physiological conditions). Then, following the characterization of the steady-state behavior of each mode, Lyapunov techniques are used to characterize the domains of attraction of the steady-states. Finally, by analyzing how the domains of attraction of the various modes overlap with one other, a switching rule is derived to determine when, and if, a given mode transition at a given time results in the desired steady-state behavior. The proposed approach has implications both for understanding the outcome of naturally-occurring mode transitions and for the ability to manipulate network behavior by enforcing mode transitions. The proposed approach is demonstrated using a model of a biological network that arises in the bacteriophage /spl lambda/-switch system.
Granular cell astrocytoma of the cerebellum: report of the first case.

Granular cell astrocytomas are an uncommon morphologic variant of infiltrating gliomas characterized by relatively large tumor cells with granular cytoplasm occupying variable proportions of the tumor. These tumors are thought to be more aggressive than similar tumors with no granular cell component. The tumor occurred in a 9-year-old girl who was immunocompromised owing to liver transplantation. Histologically, the tumor corresponded to World Health Organization grade II. It extensively infiltrated the cerebellum and was composed, predominantly, of large cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. These cells coexpressed glial fibrillary acidic protein and CD68. Of the 49 cases of granular cell astrocytomas reported to date, none have involved the cerebellum. To our knowledge, the tumor described herein represents the first case of cerebellar granular cell astrocytoma. Pathologic features and diagnostic pitfalls are explored.
Mysteries of α1-antitrypsin deficiency: emerging therapeutic strategies for a challenging disease

The classical form of α1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD) is an autosomal co-dominant disorder that affects ~1 in 3000 live births and is an important genetic cause of lung and liver disease. The protein affected, α1-antitrypsin (AT), is predominantly derived from the liver and has the function of inhibiting neutrophil elastase and several other destructive neutrophil proteinases. The genetic defect is a point mutation that leads to misfolding of the mutant protein, which is referred to as α1-antitrypsin Z (ATZ). Because of its misfolding, ATZ is unable to efficiently traverse the secretory pathway. Accumulation of ATZ in the endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells has a gain-of-function proteotoxic effect on the liver, resulting in fibrosis, cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma in some individuals. Moreover, because of reduced secretion, there is a lack of anti-proteinase activity in the lung, which allows neutrophil proteases to destroy the connective tissue matrix and cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by loss of function. Wide variation in the incidence and severity of liver and lung disease among individuals with ATD has made this disease one of the most challenging of the rare genetic disorders to diagnose and treat. Other than cigarette smoking, which worsens COPD in ATD, genetic and environmental modifiers that determine this phenotypic variability are unknown. A limited number of therapeutic strategies are currently available, and liver transplantation is the only treatment for severe liver disease. Although replacement therapy with purified AT corrects the loss of anti-proteinase function, COPD progresses in a substantial number of individuals with ATD and some undergo lung transplantation. Nevertheless, advances in understanding the variability in clinical phenotype and in developing novel therapeutic concepts is beginning to address the major clinical challenges of this mysterious disorder.
Mechanical aspects of mesenchymal morphogenesis.

Many embryonic cells generate substantial contractile forces as they spread and crawl.These forces mechanically deform each cell9s local environment, and the resulting distortions can alter subsequent cell movements by convection and the mechanisms of contact guidance and haptotaxis. Here we develop a model for the cumulative effects of these cell-generated forces and show how they can lead to the formation of regular large-scale patterns in cell populations. This model leads to several predictions concerning the effects of cellular and matrix properties on the resulting patterns. We apply the model to two widely studied morphogenetic processes: (a) patterns of skin-organ primordia, especially feather germ formation, and (b) the condensation of cartilagenous skeletal rudiments in the developing vertebrate limb.
ML phase estimation for π/4-QPSK modulated signals

The maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is derived for the phase of a π/4-QPSK modulated signal in AWGN. This estimator is not practical for real-time carrier synchronisation so the high and low SNR asymptotic forms are examined and planar filtered architectures are investigated in detail.
Vertical motions of the Puerto Rico Trench and Puerto Rico and their cause

[1] The Puerto Rico trench exhibits great water depth, an extremely low gravity anomaly, and a tilted carbonate platform between (reconstructed) elevations of +1300 m and −4000 m. I argue that these features are manifestations of large vertical movements of a segment of the Puerto Rico trench, its forearc, and the island of Puerto Rico that took place 3.3 m.y. ago over a time period as short as 14–40 kyr. I explain these vertical movements by a sudden increase in the slab's descent angle that caused the trench to subside and the island to rise. The increased dip could have been caused by shearing or even by a complete tear of the descending North American slab, although the exact nature of this deformation is unknown. The rapid (14–40 kyr) and uniform tilt along a 250 km long section of the trench is compatible with scales of mantle flow and plate bending. The proposed shear zone or tear is inferred from seismic, morphological, and gravity observations to start at the trench at 64.5°W and trend southwestwardly toward eastern Puerto Rico. The tensile stresses necessary to deform or tear the slab could have been generated by increased curvature of the trench following a counterclockwise rotation of the upper plate and by the subduction of a large seamount.
Structural learning with amortized inference

Training a structured prediction model involves performing several loss-augmented inference steps. Over the lifetime of the training, many of these inference problems, although different, share the same solution. We propose AI-DCD, an Amortized Inference framework for Dual Coordinate Descent method, an approximate learning algorithm, that accelerates the training process by exploiting this redundancy of solutions, without compromising the performance of the model. We show the efficacy of our method by training a structured SVM using dual coordinate descent for an entity-relation extraction task. Our method learns the same model as an exact training algorithm would, but call the inference engine only in 10% - 24% of the inference problems encountered during training. We observe similar gains on a multi-label classification task and with a Structured Percep-tron model for the entity-relation task.
Multiple Forms of Cytochrome C Oxidase Observed in Heart Tissue, Myocytes, and Mitochondria by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Cytochrome c oxidase is the terminal enzyme in electron transport. It catalyzes the transfer of four electrons from cytochrome c and four protons of unknown origin to dioxygen, which is converted into two molecules of water. (For a thorough review see Wikstrom et al., 1981). Mammalian cytochrome oxidase is a large Y-shaped molecule that spans the inner mitochondrial membrane (Deatherage et al., 1983; Kim et al., 1985), and consists of one copy of each of 1–13 subunits (Kadenbach et al., 1986; Kuhn-Nentwig and Kadenbach, 1985 & 1986; Buse et al., 1985; Capaldi and Zhang, 1986). The enzyme has two functional domains: cytochrome a, which contains one heme (aFe) and one copper (CuA); and cytochrome a3, which contains the remaining herae (a3Fe) and copper (CuB). Cytochrome a3 is the site of ligand binding and dioxygen reduction.