cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complete sequence of the human tissue factor gene, a highly regulated cellular receptor that initiates the coagulation protease cascade.

Tissue factor (TF) is the high-affinity receptor for plasma factors VII and VIIa. TF plays a role in normal hemostasis by initiating the cell-surface assembly and propagation of the coagulation protease cascade. outside the vasculature, TF expression is highly dependent upon cell type. TF can also be induced by inflammatory mediators to appear on monocytes and vascular endothelial cells as a component of cellular immune responses. As an initial step toward elucidating the regulatory regions involved in control of TF gene expression, we have established the organization of the 12.4 kbp human TF gene and its complete DNA sequence. There are six exons separated by five introns. Within intron 5, we have mapped the single nucleotide difference which leads to the previously described MspI polymorphism; the same intron also contains an apparently polymorphic PstI site. The TF gene also contains three full-length Alu repeats and one partial Alu repeat. A single major transcription start site was identified 26 bp downstream from a TATA consensus promoter element. The putative promoter and first exon are located within a 1.2 kbp region of very high G + C content which fits the criteria of an HTF island. A cluster of predicted binding sitesmore » for a number of known transcription factors was found to coincide with this putative promoter region. These factors included AP-1 and AP-2 which can mediate the effects of phorbol esters, agonists known to induce TF expression in monocytes and vascular endothelial cells.« less
Age-dependent changes in ecosystem carbon fluxes in managed forests in Northern Wisconsin, USA

The age-dependent variability of ecosystem carbon (C) fluxes was assessed by measuring the net ecosystem exchange of C (NEE) in five managed forest stands in northern Wisconsin, USA. The study sites ranged in age from 3-year-old clearcut to mature stands (65 years). All stands, except the clearcut, accumulated C over the study period from May to October 2002. Seasonal NEE estimates were −655 ± 17.5 g C m–2 in the mature hardwood (MHW), −648 ± 16.8 in the mature red pine (MRP), −195 ± 15.6 in the pine barrens (PB), +128 ± 17.1 in the young hardwood clearcut (YHW), and −313 ± 14.6 in the young red pine (YRP). The age-dependent differences were similar in the hardwood and conifer forests. Even though PB was not part of either the hardwood or conifer chronosequence, and had a different disturbance agent, it still fits the same general age relationship. Higher ecosystem respiration (ER) in the young than in the mature stands was the combined result of earlier soil warming in spring, and higher temperature and greater biological activity in summer, as indicated by temperature-normalized respiration rates. The fire-generated PB had lower ER than the harvest-generated YHW and YRP, where high ER was sustained partly on account of logging residue. During the main growing season, the equivalent of 31 (MHW), 48 (MRP), 68 (PB), 114 (YHW) and 71% (YRP) of daily gross ecosystem production (GEP) was released in ER during the same day. The lower ER:GEP ratio in the mature stands was driven by greater age-dependent changes in ER than GEP. The magnitude of the increase in ER:GEP ratio in spring and fall was interpreted as the extent of the decoupling of ER and GEP. Decoupling (sustained high ER despite decreasing GEP) was observed in YHW, PB and MHW, whereas in coniferous stands (MRP and YRP) the stable ER:GEP ratio suggested preferential use of new photosynthates in ER. The results indicate that a great part of the variation in landscape-level C fluxes can be accounted for by mean stand age and associated parameters, which highlights the need to consider this source of heterogeneity in regional C balance estimates.
Subcritical crack growth of trip steels in air under static loads

Abstract Pre-fatigued compact tension fracture toughness specimens of TRIP steel were held at constant loads at 25°C in 40 per cent r.h. air. Testing was done using an MTS closed loop universal test machine in the load control mode and the displacement was monitored as a function of time using a clip-on gauge and a strip chart recorder. Subcritical crack growth was observed and the experimental data was used to obtain a correlation between stress intensity and the rate of crack growth. The curves usually exhibited three distinct regions, including a plateau of stress intensity insensitive constant crack growth rates which have been observed by other investigators for titanium alloys and high strength steels. Based on comparisons with other investigators, the mechanism of subcritical flaw growth was tentatively identified as being due to hydrogen embrittlement. Fracture was observed to follow austenite grain boundaries and it was hypothesized that the austenite → martensite transformation sensitizes them to hydrogen by causing a large strain accumulation to be accommodated at the boundaries resulting in a large dilatation. Metallography revealed that the crack growth rate decreased as the strain-induced martensite increased and this was attributed to crack tip blunting by plastic deformation due to the invariant shear of the transformation. There are thus two apparently competing processes in the subcritical flaw growth of TRIP steels. Fractography showed that numerous fracture micromechanisms were operative. The subcritical crack growth characteristics compared favorably with other high strength steels tested under almost equivalent conditions and an apparent threshold for subcritical growth in air was determined to occur at about 56 per cent of KIC.
Response Surface Modeling and Optimization in Multiresponse Experiments Using Seemingly Unrelated Regressions

In most response surface methodology experiments involving multiple responses, a model is fitted to each response using ordinary least squares (OLS). It is shown that another approach to multiple-response problems, seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR),..
Complete denture construction on an alveolar process containing endodontically treated roots

1. he preservation of the alveolar ridges following multiple extractions has alway.~ been of prime concern to the oral surgeon and the prosthodontist. The ability ot the mandibular ridge to provide a favorable base for ;I complete denture is especiaily important because of the problem of achieving adequate function and comfort. Endodontic therapy and preservation of the roots of selective teeth ma)alleviate the problem of mandibular denture support. The retention of roots, rather thar? extraction, results in a negligible loss of alveolar bone height. This allows for construction of a much more stable denture than one constructed on :I ridge rn which all of the teeth have been cxtrarted and the necessary. alveolectomy has been performed and after bone resorption has occurred. Noting the individual patienr characteristics is of great importance before initiatirq this method of treatment. They involve such variables as the position and number of teeth irr the arch, tht degree oi periodontal and carious involvement. the I)atient’s desire for su(‘h trratmerit, and especially thorough understanding of the oral hygicrre rrc+rirrd tc. maintain oral health.
Controllability of general nonlinear systems

Consider the nonlinear system $$\dot x(t) = f(x(t)) + \sum\limits_{i = 1}^m {u_i (t)g_i (x(t)), x(0) = x_0 \in M}$$
HSIL cervical tests: can we omit colposcopy?

Abstract Objective: To determine whether patients with high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) on Pap test can omit colposcopic examination and proceed directly to therapeutic loop excision. Methods: Sixty-eight women referred with an HSIL on Pap test were prospectively evaluated by a standard treatment protocol that included repeat cytology and colposcopy. Loop excision was performed for biopsy-proven HSIL or a discrepancy between repeat Pap test and colposcopy. We calculated the predictive value (PV) for referral Pap (Pap 1) using histologically confirmed HSIL as the outcome variable. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were determined for a diagnosis of HSIL on repeat Pap (Pap 2) and for a colposcopic diagnosis of HSIL. Results: Forty-seven women underwent indicated loop excision; however, 21 were downgraded by repeated Pap test and colposcopy and did not require treatment. A total of 34/68 (50%) patients overall had histologically confirmed HSIL. Conclusions: A “see-and-treat” algorithm based solely on referral HSIL Pap test predicted a tissue diagnosis of HSIL only 50% of the time and cannot be recommended. However, when a second Pap test confirms HIL, the PPV improves by 50% and is equivalent to the PPV of colposcopy. We conclude that a “see-and-treat” algorithm omitting colposcopy may be implemented in the management of confirmed HSIL on a Pap test. Sens. Spec. PPV NPV Pap1 N/A N/A 50% N/A Pap 2 94% 77% 76% 94% Colpo. 100% 62% 72% 100%
The two faces of Narcissus? An empirical comparison of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory

Areas of convergence and divergence between the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin & Terry, 1988) and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI; Pincus et al., 2009) were evaluated in a sample of 586 college students. Summary scores for the NPI and PNI were not strongly correlated (r = .22) but correlations between certain subscales of these two inventories were larger (e.g., r = .71 for scales measuring Exploitativeness). Both measures had a similar level of correlation with the Narcissistic Personality Disorder scale from the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (Hyler, 1994 )( r = .40 and .35, respectively). The NPI and PNI diverged, however, with respect to their associations with Explicit Self-Esteem. Selfesteem was negatively associated with the PNI but positively associated with the NPI (r = .34 versus r = .26). Collectively, the results highlight the need for precision when discussing the personality characteristics associated with narcissism.
The inherent ambiguity partial algorithm problem for context free languages

It is shown that there is no “partial algorithm” (effective procedure that may fail to terminate) by which, given a context free grammar, one can always find an unambiguous context free grammar generating the same language if such an unambiguous grammar exists. The argument turns on the degree of unsolvability of the inherent ambiguity problem for context free languages.
Negative regulation of signaling by a soluble form of toll-like receptor 9.

Nucleic acids structures are highly conserved through evolution and when self nucleic acids are aberrantly detected by Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) they contribute to autoimmune disease. For this reason, multiple regulatory mechanisms exist to prevent response to self nucleic acids. TLR9 is a nucleic acid sensing TLR that is regulated at multiple levels including association with accessory proteins, intracellular localization and proteolytic processing. In the endolysosomal compartment TLR9 is proteolytically processed to an 80 kilodalton form (p80) and this processing is a prerequisite for activation. Here we identified a soluble form of TLR9 generated by a novel proteolytic event that cleaved TLR9 between amino acids 724–735. Similar to p80, sTLR9 was generated in endosomes. However, generation of sTLR9 was independent of the cysteine protease cathepsin B active at acidic pH, but partially dependent on cathepsin S, a protease active at neutral pH. Most importantly, sTLR9 inhibited TLR9-dependent signaling. Together, these data support a model where an intrinsic proteolytic processing mechanism negatively regulates TLR9 signaling. Proper balance between the independent proteolytic events likely contributes to regulation of TLR9 mediated innate immunity and prevention of autoimmune disease.
The effects of Internet use on adolescents’ first romantic and sexual relationships in Taiwan

Internet use and digital networking are increasingly an integral part of adolescents’ social lives. This study examines the influences of Internet use in Taiwan on two important adolescent social b...
The transition from metal-metal bonding to metal-solvent interactions during a dissolution event as assessed from electronic structure

Abstract A model for the electrochemical interface appropriate to the simulation of metal atom deposition and dissolution processes using electronic structure methods has been constructed and analyzed to observe the key steps governing the movement of a metal atom across the electrochemical double layer. A transition from metal–metal bonding to metal–solvent bonding occurs at a distance of 1 A. Shortcomings in this model are assessed and related to the difficulty of dynamical sampling in ab initio treatments. The model is shown to provide a flexible basis for understanding the effect of system perturbations to the structure of the dissolution potential energy surface.
Offense classification and social facilitation in juvenile delinquency

Considerable research has investigated the effects of social facilitation on either positive or neutral behaviors, but little if any research has examined whether the presence of others can lead to greater levels of negative behavior. The purpose of this project was to explore the influence of social facilitation on patterns and severity of offenses committed by juvenile delinquents. Study l compared the severity of crime (as measured by the offense classification) as a function of 130 currently incarcerated juvenile delinquents’ self-reports of whether their crime was committed alone or with others. Results suggested that juveniles tend to act in concert with others in delinquent acts. White females tended to act in concert with others more than African-American female adolescents in the commission of delinquent acts. However, no significant effects were found for social facilitation and severity of crime, even when controlling for MMPI lie scores. Study 2 addressed the same question, but used an archival approach. Data was obtained for criminal charges and whether the crime happened in the presence or absence of others from random sample of 30 records from a juvenile delinquency home. The best predictor of a severity of crime from this sample was the number of people involved with the crime. The study therefore provides limited support for Zajonc’s drive theory that suggests social facilitation can have a nondirectional effect on behavior.
The reliability and validity of birth certificates.

Objectives To summarize the reliability and validity of birth certificate variables and encourage nurses to spearhead data improvement. Data sources A Medline key word search of reliability and validity of birth certificate, and a reference review of more than 60 articles were done. Study selection Twenty‐four primary research studies of U.S. birth certificates that involved validity or reliability assessment. Data extraction Studies were reviewed, critiqued, and organized as either a reliability or a validity study and then grouped by birth certificate variable. Data synthesis The reliability and validity of birth certificate data vary considerably by item. Insurance, birthweight, Apgar score, and delivery method are more reliable than prenatal visits, care, and maternal complications. Tobacco and alcohol use, obstetric procedures, and delivery events are unreliable. Birth certificates are not valid sources of information on tobacco and alcohol use, prenatal care, maternal risk, pregnancy complications, labor, and delivery. Conclusions Birth certificates are a key data source for identifying causes of increasing U.S. infant mortality but have serious reliability and validity problems. Nurses are with mothers and infants at birth, so they are in a unique position to improve data quality and spread the word about the importance of reliable and valid data. Recommendations to improve data are presented. JOGNN , 35, 3‐12; 2006. DOI: 10.1111/J.1552‐6909.2006.00016.x
Optimization of Co-Pt and Co-Cr-Pt-Ta thin films for use in magnetic data storage devices

Abstract Co-Pt and Co-Cr-Pt-Ta thin films were deposited via magnetron deposition. The co-Pt films were deposited without heat or an underlayer. By proper optimization of sputtering conditions, it was found that 55 nm Co-Pt films with coercivities above 2300 Oe and saturation magnetizations of 760 emu cm-3 could be produced. Slower deposition rates, higher argon and base pressures produced the highest coercivity and lowestMs films. These results indicate the potential importance of grain boundary oxidation effects in determining the magnetic properties of these films. Results from atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of these films are also discussed. The influence of Pt content on the magnetic and recording properties of Co-Cr-Pt-Ta alloys was also studied. The platinum content was varied from 0 to 13 at.%. In general, the addition of platinum was found to decrease media saturation magnetization, coercive squareness and signal-to-noise ratio. Additions of a few atomic per cent platinum dramatically increased the coercivity of the alloy.
Correlates of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Female University Students

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most frequently occurring sexually transmitted infection in the United States, but only one third of adolescent girls have received the HPV vaccine (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2012; Committee on Infectious Diseases, 2012). Understanding correlates of vaccination behavior among young women has important implications for health care delivery and public service messages targeting HPV vaccination. Female college students (N = 313) completed web-based surveys during their sophomore (second) year of college, fall 2008. Surveys included questions about HPV vaccination, demographic factors (ethnicity/race, socioeconomic status [SES]), individual characteristics (romantic relationship status, grade point average, religiosity), and sexual behavior. Lifetime HPV vaccination was reported by 46.5% of participants. Being African American/Black was associated with a lower likelihood of vaccination. Having a mother with more education, adhering to religious teachings about sex-related principles, and having engaged in recent penetrative sex were associated with a higher likelihood of vaccination. Health care providers should consider young women to be an important group for HPV vaccine education and catch-up, particularly for African American/Black young women and young women from lower SES backgrounds. Providing vaccine education and access to young women before they become sexually active is critical.
The Life Cycle of a Cyclone Wave in the Southern Hemisphere. Part I: Eddy Energy Budget

Abstract The energetics of a Southern Hemisphere cyclone wave have been analyzed using ECMWF data and the results of a limited-area model simulation. An analysis of the energy budget for a storm that developed in the eastern Pacific on 4–6 September 1987 showed the advection of the geopotential height field by the ageostrophic wind to be both a significant source and the primary sink of eddy kinetic energy. Air flowing through the wave gained kinetic energy via this term as it approached the energy maximum and then lost it upon exiting. Energy removal by diffusion, friction, and Reynolds stresses was found to be small. The most important conclusion was that, while the wave grew initially by poleward advection of heat as expected from baroclinic theory, the system evolved only up to the point where this source of eddy energy and the conversion of eddy potential to eddy kinetic energy (typically denoted “ωα”) was compensated for by energy flux divergence (dispersion of energy), mainly of the ageostrophic ge...
A model for the organization of the poly(A) . protein complex in messenger ribonucleoprotein.

The slime mold, Phy~~rn ~olyce~h~~~rn was used as a source of the poly(A) - protein complex. Plasmodia were cultured and labeled for 2 h with [3H]adenosine (48 Ci/mmol; ICN Radiochemicals, Irvine, CA) at 20 /&!i/ml as in [2 11. Labeled plasmodia were collected, homogenized [21], and the homogenate was centrifuged for 10 min at 20 000 X g to obtain a post-mitochond~al supernatant. Poly(A) + protein complexes were detached from the superAddress correspondence to W.R.J.
OxyContin and a Regulation Deficiency of the Pharmaceutical Industry: Rethinking State-Corporate Crime

On May 10, 2007, three executives of the pharmaceutical company Purdue Pharma pled guilty in federal court to misleading doctors and patients about the risk of addiction and potential for abuse of OxyContin. Additionally, Purdue Pharma paid over $600 million in fines and other payments to the United States government and the Commonwealth of Virginia. The drug OxyContin was first introduced to the market in December of 1995. Warning signs of the drug’s potential for abuse were almost immediate, and there were reports of copious amounts of the drug being diverted into the black market for recreational use. In some cases, criminologists have argued that if the government fails to protect its citizens from the harm of a corporation then such behavior should be considered state-corporate crime. We critically evaluate the case of OxyContin to see if it falls under the state-corporate crime paradigm. Further, we argue the state-corporate crime paradigm can benefit from an increased focus on the organizational structures of regulation agencies.
Heat Flow in the Austrian Alps

Summary Data on underground temperature obtained during the construction of the Arlberg and Tauem tunnels in Austria have been combined with measurements of the thermal conductivity of 42 samples of rock from near the tunnels to calculate the terrestrial heat flow. The value in the Arlberg is found to be (I -9 i- 0.2) x 10-6 cal/cm2 s, and in the Tauern, (I -8 f 0-2) x 10-6 cal/cm2 s. The new results are in good agreement with the value I -9 x 10-6 cal/cm2 s found earlier in the Loetschberg tunnel in Switzerland, and indicate that relatively high geothermal fluxes extend into the eastern Alps. The high flux can be attributed to radioactive heat generation in a thickened crust.
Abundance and Growth of Redeye Bass in Two South Carolina Reservoirs

Abstract Annual catches of redeye bass Micropterus coosae per 100 gill-net sets increased in Keowee Reservoir from 0.4 fish in 1973 (5 years after impoundment) to 13.8 in 1981 and in Jocassee Reservoir from 2.0 fish in 1975 (4 years after impoundment) to 17.4 in 1981. Redeye bass grew at similar rates in both reservoirs; these rates were considerably greater than those reported for the species in southern streams but somewhat lower than those reported for ponds. Mean back-calculated total lengths at annuli I-V in Keowee and Jocassee reservoirs were 125, 226, 270, 309, and 326 mm and 122, 216, 276, 313, and 317 mm, respectively.
Class acts: When leaders are teachers, good things happen

More and more companies seeking a systematic approach to leadership development are creating corporate universities. At least one company has instituted as an integral element of its corporate university the practice of having most of the programs taught by the organization's own leaders. So far the benefits–for the leaders, the program participants, and the organization–have been impressive.
Executive insight: evaluating the market size for service franchising in emerging markets

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to propose a framework for analyzing the comparative economic market size for service franchisors in emerging markets using current and available data from the World Bank.Design/methodology/approach – Data is transformed through simple manipulations to derive information‐filled rankings of 20 popular emerging markets. Emerging markets constitute the largest and most dynamic markets for international franchisors.Findings – The findings show that Brazil, Russia, and Mexico outranked China and India as the markets with the largest economies for service franchising. Future research should enhance the economic analysis and measures developed in the article and use them in conjunction with other environmental, industry, and company variables to estimate the market potential and select the appropriate markets for entry.Practical implications – Attempting to estimate the market size of emerging markets is often only the first step in international market selection.Original...
The Generalized Gradient at a Multiple Eigenvalue

Abstract When a symmetric, positive, isomorphism between a reflexive Banach space (that is densely and compactly embedded in a Hilbert space) and its dual varies smoothly over a Banach space, its eigenvalues vary in a Lipschitz manner. We calculate the generalized gradient of the extreme eigenvalues at an arbitrary crossing. We apply this to the generalized gradient, with respect to a coefficient in an elliptic operator, of(i) the gap between the operator′s first two eigenvalues and (ii) the distance from a prescribed value to the spectrum of the operator.
Kant and Naturalism Reconsidered

Reconstructions of Kant are prominent in the contemporary debate over naturalism. Given that this naturalism rejects a priori principles, Kant's anti‐naturalism can best be discerned in the “critical turn” as a response to David Hume. Hume did not awaken Kant to criticize but to defend rational metaphysics. But when Kant went transcendental did he not, in fact, go transcendent? The controversy in the 1990s over John McDowell's Mind and World explored just this suspicion: the questions of the normative force of reason and of the ontological “space of reasons” vis‐a‐vis the world. “Bald naturalism” appears to “extrude” rationality both ontologically and epistemologically from the natural world. Kant sought to discriminate a transcendental middle ground, safe from either extrusion. But was Kant's notion of the autonomy and spontaneity of reason as metaphysically innocent as McDowell's critics would have it? Situating Hume and naturalism in the eighteenth‐century German context can help us understand the “cri...
The pair correlation of homotetic images of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function

We investigate the pair correlation of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function, ζ(s), and zeros of the function ζ(k(s−1/2)+1/2), for any fixed positive integer k.
Iodide binding in thyroid mitochondrial and microsomal fractions.

Thyroid mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were isolated by two different centrifugation methods, and their capacity of in vitro synthesis of organic iodides, as well as their electron microscopical appearance, was studied. When using a simple centrifugal procedure, there was no difference between the synthetic capacity of mitochondria and microsomes, and the mitochondrial fractions were strongly contaminated with microsomes. With a more complex centrifugation scheme, less contaminated mitochondrial fractions were obtained, the iodide-organifying capacity of which was significantly lower than that of the microsomes.
Expression of Phenolic and Tyrosyl Ring lodothyronine Deiodinases in Xenopus laevis Oocytes is Dependent on the Tissue Source of Injected Poly(A)+ RNA

The phenolic (5′ position) and tyrosyl (5 position) ring deiodinases which catalyze the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones have proven difficult to purify and characterize biochemically. The present studies used Xenopus laevis oocytes as an in vivo translational assay system for detecting and quantitating mRNA for these enzymes. The injection of poly(A)+ RNA prepared from a human term placenta induced 5-deiodinase activity in oocytes. The expressed activity increased for up to 96 h after injection, was proportional to the amount of RNA injected, and manifested a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for T3 of 1.6 nM. In oocytes injected with poly(A)+ RNA prepared from rat liver, anterior pituitary gland, or brown adipose tissue, 5-deiodinase activity could not be demonstrated. The injection of poly(A)+ RNA from 15-day-old chick embryonic liver induced both 5′- and 5-deiodinase activity, with the 5′-deiodinase activity being sensitive to inhibition by 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil. X. laevis oocytes can thus be ...
Growth Hormone Deficiency in a Young Patient with Alopecia Areata

A young female child aged 7 years presented initially with chronic alopecia areata, which over 2 years progressed to alopecia areata universalis.
Stratigraphic Classification of Coals and Coal-Bearing Sediments

Coal beds are normal lithologic components of numerous Stratigraphic sequences of sedimentary rock and therefore should be amenable to the same basic principles of lithostratigraphic classification and terminology as other common sedimentary-rock types. However, because of the distinctive lithologic character of coal and its commercial value, the individual bed of coal is particularly important and serves to point up the role of bed as a formal lithostratigraphic unit. Sequences of several distinct but associated coal beds may constitute the basis for unification of strata into larger formally named coal-bearing lithostratigraphic units of the rank of member, formation, or group. The general principles of lithostratigraphic classification and terminology are reviewed with particular reference to coals and coal-bearing strata, and hypothetical situations are diagrammatically illustrated to show the application of these principles.
Abstract 624: Synergistic effects of combining the Akt inhibitor triciribine with erlotinib in EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are clinically useful agents for the treatment of NSCLC, yet resistance ultimately develops. In an effort to develop strategies to combat resistance and prolong patient benefit, EGFR TKIs were combined with the Akt inhibitor triciribine in a panel of EGFR TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines. The combination synergistically reduced proliferation in cells that expressed a variety of resistance mechanisms, including intrinsic EGFR T790M mutations, K-Ras mutations, and Met amplification. The combination of erlotinib and triciribine significantly increased apoptosis in H1975 and H1650 cells. It also decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and PRAS40, C-Raf, MEK, and ERK to a greater extent than either drug alone. Unbiased analysis using reverse phase lysate arrays confirmed decreased activation of PI3K/Akt pathway components as well as ERK. The effect of the combination appeared to depend on downregulation of Akt, since a constitutively active form of Akt abrogated the decreased proliferation and increase in cell death caused by the combination. In vivo, the combination inhibited the growth of H1975 xenografts to a greater extent than either drug alone. When tested in an invariably progressive, transgenic model of EGFR-driven lung tumorigenesis (EGFR L858R/T790M), the combination did not cause regression of tumors but stabilized disease in approximately 80% of mice. We conclude the combination of triciribine with EGFR TKIs is promising and should be explored clinically, and that combining inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt pathway with EGFR TKIs may be a useful strategy to overcome EGFR TKI resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 624.
Maternal Intervention Strategies in Enforcing Children's Bicycle Helmet Use

We investigated maternal methods of enforcing helmet usage in children. Although the American Academy of Pediatrics recently called for stronger parenting strategies to increase bicycle-helmet use, there has been virtually no study of typical parenting strategies to influence children to wear their helmets. In the present study, mothers of second- and eighth-grade children responded to 12 vignettes portraying typical excuses children give for not wearing a helmet. Even after continued child refusal, mothers reported they would try to persuade, discuss or command their child to wear the helmet, more often than they would use consequences. Initially, there were no age or gender effects, but as the vignettes portrayed the child protesting, mothers of second-grade girls suggested the use of consequences more often than mothers of eighth-graders. The reverse was true for mothers of second-grade boys, although these differences typically did not reach statistical significance. Overall, the data support the Amer...
Electron carrier concentration dependent magnetization and transport properties in ZnO:Co diluted magnetic semiconductor thin films

Diluted magnetic semiconducting ZnO:Co thin films with above room-temperature TC were prepared. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction studies indicate the ZnO:Co thin films are free of secondary phases. The magnetization of the ZnO:Co thin films shows a free electron carrier concentration dependence, which increases dramatically when the free electron carrier concentration exceeds ∼1019 cm−3, indicating a carrier-mediated mechanism for ferromagnetism. The anomalous Hall effect is observed in the ZnO:Co thin films. The anomalous Hall coefficient and its dependence on longitudinal resistivity were analyzed. The presence of a side-jump contribution further supports an intrinsic origin for ferromagnetism in ZnO:Co thin films. These observations together with the magnetic anisotropy and magnetoresistance results support an intrinsic carrier-mediated mechanism for ferromagnetic exchange in ZnO:Co diluted magnetic semiconductor materials.
Late postpartum eclampsia

A case of new-onset seizures occurring 12 days postpartum is described. The patient presented with headache, hypertension, and proteinuria. Postpartum eclampsia was diagnosed and IV magnesium sulfate was administered. The patient had no further seizures and did not require long-term anticonvulsants. Medical and neurologic evaluations failed to reveal any other etiology for the seizures.
Serous papillary adenocarcinomas of the ovary display heterogeneity in their response to chemotherapy

The response of ovarian serous papillary adenocarcinomas to various cytotoxic drugs was examined using the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) (MTS) cytotoxicity assay. Thirty tumors were collected and organized into four groups according to histologic grade and FIGO stage: stage III, grade 2; stage III, grade 3; stage IV, grade 2; and stage IV, grade 3. The MTS chemosensitivity assay was performed on each tumor to examine the response to cisplatin, paclitaxel , hycamtin and the combination of cisplatin and paclitaxel. Ovarian adenocarcinomas of similar stage and grade displayed varying responses to the same drug. A lower concentration of the drug was often as effective as the peak plasma concentration. For some specimens combination therapy was more effective for inhibiting tumor growth, and for others single-agent therapy gave a better response. A chemosensitivity/resistance profile is recommended before deciding on appropriate chemotherapy.
Sequence Effects of Self-Assembling MultiDomain Peptide Hydrogels on Encapsulated SHED Cells

Here we report three new nanofibrous, self-assembling multidomain peptide (MDP) sequences and examine the effect of sequence on the morphology and expansion of encapsulated Stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHED). We modified our previously reported set of serine-based MDPs, changing the serine residues in the amphiphilic region to threonine. The three new threonine-based sequences self-assemble into antiparallel β-sheet nanofibers, confirmed by CD and IR. AFM and negative-stained TEM show that the nanofibers formed by the new sequences are more curved than their serine-containing predecessors. Despite this change in nanofiber morphology, SEM illustrates that all three new sequences still form porous hydrogels. K(TL)2SLRG(TL)3KGRGDS, with a designed cleavage site, is able to be degraded by Matrix Metalloprotease 2. We then examine SHED cell response to these new sequences as well as their serine-based predecessors. We observe faster cell attachment and spreading in hydrogels formed by K2(SL)6K2GRGDS and K(SL)3RG(SL)3KGRGDS. By day 3, the SHEDs in all of the serine-based sequences exhibit a fibroblast-like morphology. Additionally, the SHED cells expand more rapidly in the serine-based gels while the cell number remains relatively constant in the threonine-based peptides. In hydrogels formed by K2(TL)6K2GRGDS and K(TL)2SLRG(TL)3KGRGDS, this low expansion rate is accompanied by changes in morphology where SHEDs exhibit a stellate morphology after 3 days in culture; however, by day 7 they appear more fibroblast-shaped. Throughout the duration of the experiment, the SHED cells encapsulated in the K2(TL)6K2 hydrogels remain rounded. These results suggest that the basic MDP structure easily accommodates modifications in sequence and, for SHED cells, the threonine-containing gels require the integrin-binding RGDS sequence for cell attachment to occur, while the serine-based gels are less selective and support an increase in cell number, regardless of the presence or absence of RGDS.
Dose-response study of N-nitrosomethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amine-induced nasal cavity carcinogenesis in rats.

Summary Dose response to the carcinogenic activity of N-nitrosomethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (MHP) was investigated for the nasal cavity of male Wistar rats. MHP dissolved in 0.9% saline was administered intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks at doses of 0,4.4, 8.8 and 17.6 mg/kg body weight, and all surviving animals were sacrificed 26 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Hyperplasias, papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas were induced. Hyperplasias could be divided into flat, protruding and downgrowth types and were observed in respiratory and squamous epithelial regions. Papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas developed in the respiratory region, and the incidence of the latter reached 83 % in rats which received the highest dose of MHP. These results indicate that MHP shows its carcinogenic activity of the nasal cavity by the development of squamous cell carcinomas.
Intraspinal Endodermal Cyst: Ultrastructural Study of Abnormal Cilia

Abnormal cilia were demonstrated in the lining epithelial cells of three cases of intraspinal endodermal (bronchogenic) cyst. The changes comprised a wide spectrum of ultrastructural abnormalities, including (a). cilia with abnormal axonemal microtubules, (b). swollen cilia, (c). compound cilia with or without excessive ciliary matrix, (d). naked cilia without limiting membrane, and (e). intracytoplasmic cilia and aggregates of microtubules. Of these, compound cilia and swollen cilia were most common. Cilia with dynein arm deficiency were not observed. Ciliary abnormalities found in the present study were very similar to those described in the bronchial epithelium of various diseases. The present findings suggest that the lining epithelium of intraspinal endodermal cyst shares similar ciliogenesis and susceptibility to abnormal ciliary formation as that of the bronchial epithelium.
Architecture requirements for commercializing Grid resources

Contemporary computing systems, especially large-scale systems such as Grids promise ultra-fast ubiquitous utility computing, always available at the flip of a switch. A major unresolved issue is the organization and efficient usage of such infrastructure in a commercial context where several entities compete for shared resources. This has long been resolved for conventional utility resources such as gas and electricity through commoditization, a variety of market designs, customization, and decision support for the resulting portfolios of assets and commitments. The paper reviews the state of Grid commercialization and compares it to the commercialization of conventional resources. We draw specific lessons for commercialized Grids and detail them as architecture requirements at each level of the architecture stack. We provide an example to illustrate the benefits of commercialized resources in terms of the financial clarity it brings to decisions for different user groups, namely application users and IT managers.
An Experimental Investigation of Heat Transport Capability in a Nanofluid Oscillating Heat Pipe

An experimental investigation of a nanofluid oscillating heat pipe (OHP) was conducted to determine the nanofluid effect on the heat transport capability in an OHP. The nanofluid consisted of HPLC grade water and 1.0 vol % diamond nanoparticles of 5-50 nm. These diamond nanoparticles settle down in the motionless base fluid. However, the oscillating motion of the OHP suspends the diamond nanoparticles in the working fluid. Experimental results show that the heat transport capability of the OHP significantly increased when it was charged with the nanofluid at a filling ratio of 50%. It was found that the heat transport capability of the OHP depends on the operating temperature. The investigated OHP could reach a thermal resistance of 0.03° C/W at a heat input of 336 W. The nanofluid OHP investigated here provides a new approach in designing a highly efficient next generation of heat pipe cooling devices.
Event-related brain potentials and second language learning: syntactic processing in late L2 learners at different L2 proficiency levels

There are several major questions in the literature on late second language (L2) learning and processing. Some of these questions include: Can late L2 learners process an L2 in a native-like way? W...
Radiation reaction at ultrahigh intensities

Intensities of ${10}^{22}$ W ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ have been reached and it is expected that this will be increased by two orders of magnitude in the near future. At these intensities the radiation reaction force is important, especially in calculating the terminal velocity of an electron. The following briefly describes some of the problems of the existing most well-known equations and describes an approach based on conservation of energy. The resulting equation is compared to the Landau Lifshitz and Ford O'Connell equations, and laboratory tests are proposed.
A computational model for estimating blocking probabilities of multifiber WDM optical networks

In this letter, we propose a computational model for calculating blocking probabilities of multifiber wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. We first derive the blocking probability of a fiber based on a Markov chain, from which the blocking probability of a link is derived by means of conditional probabilities. The blocking probability of a lightpath can be computed by a recursive formula. Finally, the network-wide blocking probability can be expressed as the ratio of the total blocked load versus the total offered load. Simulation results for different fiber-wavelength configurations conform closely to the numerical results based on our proposed model, thus demonstrating the feasibility of our proposed model for estimating the blocking performance of multifiber WDM optical networks.
Numerical Results for the Ground-State Interface in a Random Medium

The problem of determining the ground state of a d-dimensional interface embedded in a (d+1)-dimensional random medium is treated numerically. Using a minimum-cut algorithm, the exact ground states can be found for a number of problems for which other numerical methods are inexact and slow. In particular, results are presented for the roughness exponents and ground-state energy fluctuations in a random bond Ising model. It is found that the roughness exponent \ensuremath{\zeta}=0.41\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01,0.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01, with the related energy exponent being \ensuremath{\theta}=0.84\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03,1.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04, in d=2,3, respectively. These results are compared with previous analytical and numerical estimates.
Facial sensory evoked muscle potentials during labour. A continuous objective monitor of adequacy of analgesia

Summary We prospectively studied the relationship between upper facial sensory-evoked muscle potential amplitude, uterine contraction amplitude and heart rate in 20 healthy parturients during the first stage of labour. Monitoring began when minimal pain was reported and continued until severe pain occurred and extradural analgesia was established. Pain intensity was assessed by each patient using a 10 cm visual analogue score. Heart rate was recorded using a pulse oximeter. Sensory evoked muscle potential was derived from frontalis biopotentials that were rectified, integrated and digitised by an Anaesthesia and Brain activity Monitor (Datex, Helsinki, Finland). An additional signal filter was included in the pre-amplifier to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. The rms amplitude of successive 10 s samples of sensory evoked muscle potential, as well as heart rate and the output from an external tocotransducer, were then graphically displayed to allow assessment of temporal relationships. The data were assessed using correlation analysis and hypergeometric probability distribution. Before extradural analgesia (mean pain score 7.5 cm, SD 1.5cm) a significant relationship was demonstrated between sensory evoked muscle potential and uterine contraction, p < 0.001). No constant relationship was seen between heart rate and uterine contraction. Following extradural analgesia (mean pain scores of 2.1 cm, SD 1.3 cm) a variable relationship between sensory evoked muscle potential and uterine contraction amplitude, and heart rate and uterine contraction, was recorded. A continuous display of the relationship between filtered sensory evoked muscle potentials of the frontalis muscle and uterine contraction may, in the future, permit an objective assessment of the adequacy of analgesia following extradural analgesia for the pain of labour.
Parametric infrared image converters

The design factors are considered for a parametric image converter operating from the infrared to the visible. Means are proposed whereby broad-band, high resolution, high efficiency picture conversion might be obtained, and calculated performance figures are given for a hypothetical system based upon lithium niobate. These figures are compared with previous experimental ones obtained by the author and with those for a scanning photodetector system. It is concluded that an image converter competitive with existing systems in the 1 to 10-μ band might be built and made operational.
Effects of Na+ channel and cell coupling abnormalities on vulnerability to reentry: a simulation study

The role of dynamic instabilities in the initiation of reentry in diseased (remodeled) hearts remains poorly explored. Using computer simulations, we studied the effects of altered Na+ channel and ...