cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post's problem and his hypersimple set

A standard enumeration of the recursively enumerable (r.e.) sets is an acceptable numbering { W n } n ∈ N of the r.e. sets in the sense of Rogers [5, p. 41], together with a 1:1 recursive function f with range In his quest for nonrecursive incomplete r.e. sets Post [4] constructed a hypersimple set H f , relative to a fixed but unspecified standard enumeration f . Although it was later shown that hyper-simplicity does not guarantee incompleteness, the ironic possibility remained that Post's own particular hypersimple set might be incomplete. We settle the question by proving that H , may be either complete or incomplete depending upon which standard enumeration f is used. In contrast, D. A. Martin has shown [3] that Post's simple set S [4, p. 298] is complete for any standard enumeration. Furthermore, what most modern recursion theorists would regard as the “natural” construction of a hypersimple set (which we give in §1) is also complete for any standard enumeration. There are two conclusions to be drawn from these results. First, they substantiate the often repeated remark among recursion theorists that Post's hypersimple set construction is a precursor of priority constructions because priorities play a strong role, and because there is a great deal of “restraint” which tends to keep elements out of the set. Secondly, the results warn recursion theorists that more properties than might have been supposed depend upon which standard enumeration is chosen at the beginning of the construction of some r.e. set.
Laws and Experiment

Traditionally, the role of experiment has been limited to the testing of laws or theories.1 During the past decade we have recognized that the relation between laws and experiment is more complex, and that experiment may play varied roles. In addition to the confirmation or refutation of theory, experimental results may also call for a new theory, give us hints as to the structure of that theory, help to decide the mathematical form of the theory, or provide evidence for some future theory to explain. In addition, experiment may also have a life of its own, independent of theory.2 In this essay I will discuss some of the problems associated with the role of experiment in the evaluation of laws.
The Growth of Public Service Motivation Research

Research on public service motivation, that is, motives and actions in the public domain that are intended to do good for others and shape the well-being of society, has grown significantly in the last twenty years. Over 100 studies have been conducted in more than 20 countries, most during the last decade. Among the findings of the research is that public service motivation is an important influence on a person's willingness to join and remain in a public organization. Findings related to public service motivation and individual performance are less clear cut and are likely mediated by various facets of person-organization fit. Public service motivation affects ethical behavior in both social and organizational contexts, as manifest in such behaviors as blowing the whistle and applying principled reasoning to ethical dilemmas. Despite the significant progress in the study of public service motivation, many important questions remain for future research. The joint effect of public service motivation and job security on employee behavior deserves priority attention, as does the mediating effects of person-organization fit. Public service motivation research would benefit methodologically from the use of experiments and improved measurement instruments.
The Use of the Dictionary in Mental Health Interventions

This chapter expands on the use of the dictionary in the various mental health approaches discussed in the previous chapters. Many practice exercises in this sourcebook require the use of a dictionary. Therefore, it is important to proffer a rationale for this requirement, which is not yet based on sufficiently supported empirical evidence. Unfortunately, I have no data to support it, except for my clinical experience. Essentially, this proposal was the outcome of years of clinical work using programmed DW with individuals, couples, and families (L’Abate, 1986, 2008a, 2008b).
ArcGIS Python GUIs

The graphical user interfaces (GUIs) discussed in the previous chapter create file browsing interfaces with simple Python calls to the tkFileDialog module. Some applications may require additional input (other than files/directories). Or you may want to create one GUI dialog that accepts multiple input parameters. If the application is meant to be run in an environment where ArcGIS is installed, Script Tools and Python toolboxes provide a solution for building GUIs with these characteristics. ‘Script Tool’ is an ESRI term for an ArcGIS construct that resides within a custom toolbox and points to an underlying Python script. By using a Script Tool, you can create a custom GUI that looks similar to the built-in ArcGIS tool GUIs. You can also add a button to one of the ArcGIS menus, so that users can launch the tool with one button click. Python toolboxes are another way to create GUIs that look just like Script Tool GUIs. A Python toolbox is a text file containing Python classes to define the toolbox and tools. Script Tools are a good way to learn about the GUI options available; Python toolboxes are an efficient way to develop tools, once you understand these options. This chapter introduces Script Tools and then steps through the various customization techniques. Last, Python toolboxes are discussed.
SIG/CR Workshop: Conceptual Crowbars and Classification at the Crossroads: The Impact and Future of Classification Research

EDITOR'S SUMMARY Special Interest Group/Classification Research (SIG/CR) explored the significance of studies on classification and its real world effects through paper presentations by students and faculty at the 2015 ASIS&T Annual Meeting workshop. Presenters looked at the effects of approaches to classifying and structuring knowledge and at the ways classification models frame similarities and differences and influence views of society and the world. Among the papers on specific models and cases were presentations on capturing situation semantics in metadata, classifications of violence and disasters and historians' perspectives on organizing information. Fundamental philosophical positions were shown to inform classifications, and the effects of classificatory systems evolve with time. Other papers addressed the cultural, political and theoretical consequences of compiling a controlled vocabulary, outsourcing metadata and information resources for classification of social and cultural issues. The workshop ended with the announcement of new officers and presentation of student scholarships.
Genetics of aflatoxin production in Aspergillus flavus: linkage between a gene for a high B2:B1 ratio and the histidine locus on linkage group VIII.

The recovery of mutants impaired in aflatoxin production and the identification of parasexuality in Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries now make genetic investigations of aflatoxin biogenesis possible. In wildtype strains, aflatoxin B2, the dihydro derivative of B1, generally accumulates in smaller quantities than B1. Isolates accumulating only aflatoxin B2 were reported by van Walbeek et al. (9) in A. flavus var. columnaris and by Schroeder and Carlton (8) in an A. flavus isolate from black pepper. A relatively stable mutant of A. flavus accumulating high levels of aflatoxin B2 (5,000 jug/g mycelial dry wt) and low levels of aflatoxin B1 (600 tsg/g mycelial dry wt) was recently recovered following treatment of conidia with nitrosoguanidine (6). A parasexual analysis of this mutant revealed a genetic locus involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis (7). Heterozygous diploids exhibited the dominant phenotype of B2 B1. No linkage was detected between this gene locus and selected gene markers of the seven genetically identified linkage groups. The present study is a continuation of our genetic analysis of this mutant, including linkage to the histidine locus and the identification of linkage group VIII.
Tracheole migration in an insect wing : Evidence for guidance by epithelial processes.

Insect tissues are supplied with oxygen by a system of long and highly branched cuticular tubes known as tracheae and tracheoles. During the growth of with imaginal discs in moths and butterflies, tracheole cells migrate distally from the base of the disc. Tracheoles radiate in a distal direction through the extracellular space sandwiched between the upper and lower epithelial surfaces of the wing.
Creating Controlled Thickness Gradients in Polymer Thin Films via Flowcoating

Flowcoating is a popular technique for generating thin (5–200 nm), substrate-supported polymer films. In this process, a reservoir of coating fluid is held between the horizontal substrate and a nearly horizontal blade above the substrate; a film of fluid is drawn out of the reservoir by moving the substrate. Accelerating the substrate produces a film with a thickness gradient, particularly useful for high-throughput measurements where film thickness is an important parameter. The present work compares experimental film thickness profiles with a model based on a Landau–Levich treatment to identify the experimental parameters which govern film thickness. The key parameters are the capillary number and the radius of curvature of the reservoir’s static meniscus, which is set by the blade angle, gap height, solution reservoir volume, and contact angles of the fluid with the blade and substrate. The results show excellent quantitative agreement with the first-principles model; the model thus provides a design ...
Initialization of Exponential Smoothing Forecasts

Abstract An initial forecast is required to start up an exponential smoothing forecasting system. This paper examines initialization procedures proposed in the literature, analyzes their weighting of initial predictions and available historical data, and proposes a new initialization procedure. This new procedure permits independent weighting of an initial prediction and the rate of discounting historical data.
SOFTWARE SYSTEM OF THE OIL-FIELD EXPLOITATION PROGRAMMING AND DECISION-MAKING

In order to solve the prediction of the development dynamic, the optimal structure of the oil-output, the optimal structure of the measure, the optimal collocation of the oil-output, the optimal control of the measure, the general programming scheme and so on, the software structure design and the data flow was analyzed from the demand of the consumer. The module functional design was finished, and the software system of the oil-field development programming and decision-making was written. Finally, the software system was successful in applying to many oil fields.
Nuclear Phase Transitions at Finite Temperature

Statistical mechanics is applied to small systems. Emphasis is given to statistical fluctuations in collective order parameters.
Meta-analysis as a method of multi-site evaluation: An example from international development

Interest in multi-site evaluation has seemingly grown, with a now nascent body of literature. Even so, most of the literature on multi-site evaluation has come from writings about place-, group-, and cluster-randomized controlled trials. Guidance on how to execute uncontrolled multi-site evaluations is sparse and usually treats sites as homogeneous. In this paper, metaanalysis is used to demonstrate the method's potential for multi-site evaluation using Heifer International sites in Albania, Nepal, and Uganda as an exemplar, with an emphasis on nutritional outcomes for site participants.
Recombinant DNA Technology

Abstract Basic to all biotechnology research is the ability to manipulate DNA. First and foremost for recombinant DNA work, researchers need a method to isolate DNA from different organisms. Isolating DNA from bacteria is the easiest procedure because bacterial cells have little structure beyond the cell wall and cell membrane. Bacteria such as E. coli are the preferred organisms for manipulating any type of gene because of the ease at which DNA can be isolated. E. coli maintain both genomic and plasmid DNA within the cell. Genomic DNA is much larger than plasmid DNA, allowing the two different forms to be separated.
ROBUST REJECTION OF PERIODIC AND ALMOST PERIODIC DISTURBANCES

Abstract We present algorithms to exponentially reject periodic and almost periodic disturbances, the motivating application being a rejection of reel eccentricity induced disturbances in tape-drive systems. The prevalent periodic disturbance rejection algorithms rely on a constant gain approximation of the system at a particular frequency. These are inadequate for this application because a tape-drive system has parametric uncertainties and because the disturbance is time-varying. We present a robust extension of an existing technique derived by Bodson et al. and further use quadratic and parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions to synthesize gain-scheduled feedback compensators.
Patients’ perceptions of barriers to self-managing bipolar disorder: A qualitative study:

Background:Self-management of bipolar disorder (BD) is challenging for many individuals.Material:Interviews were used to assess perceived barriers to disease self-management among 21 high-risk patients with BD. Content analysis, with an emphasis on dominant themes, was used to analyze the data.Results:Three major domains of barriers emerged: individual barriers (psychological, knowledge, behavioral and physical health); family/community-level barriers (lack of support and resources); and provider/healthcare system (inadequate communication and access to care).Conclusion:Care approaches providing social and peer support, optimizing communication with providers and integrating medical and psychiatric care may improve self-management of BD in this vulnerable population.
Posterior Malleolus Fractures in Athletes

Ankle injuries are the most common sports-related injuries in athletes, the most of which are sprains or partial ligament tears. They most often occur in basketball and soccer, but essentially no sports are immune to ankle injuries. Ankle fractures occur less commonly than sprains, and are typically because of higher energy mechanisms. When dealing specifically with fractures of the posterior malleolus, these occur most often from a rotational injury, and are typically associated with fractures of one or both the other malleoli. The anatomy of the posterior ligaments, their osseous attachments, the weight bearing surface, and buttress effect of the posterior malleolus, make this a critical area of the ankle. There has been considerable debate as to the appropriate treatment of posterior malleolar fractures in the literature. In general, treatment has evolved from simple closed reduction and casting, to open reduction and internal fixation in most cases for reliable healing, restoration of anatomy, and expeditious return to play.
The Paradox of Faith: White Administrators and Antiracism Advocacy in Christian Higher Education

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of White administrators in Christian higher education within the United States who were active in antiracism advocacy. A team of researchers employed narrative inquiry borrowing from grounded theory approaches and interviewed eight administrators from four member institutions of the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities (CCCU) in the Midwest region of the United States. Data analysis indicated that the participants' faith both hindered and helped in their antiracism advocacy. The process of politicizing racial justice issues and participants experiencing a fear of suspicion from institutional leaders because of their antiracism advocacy were identified as being hindrances to their antiracism efforts. However, the administrators cited their interpretations of Christian scriptures and their personal faith commitments as motivators for their antiracism work. Implications for practice include the encouragement of higher educa...
Targeted quantification of lipid mediators in skeletal muscles using restricted access media-based trap-and-elute liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Abstract Lipid mediators (LMs) are a class of bioactive metabolites of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are involved in many physiological processes. Their quantification in biological samples is critical for understanding their functions in lifestyle and chronic diseases, such as diabetes, as well allergies, cancers, and in aging processes. We developed a rapid, and sensitive LC-MS/MS method to quantify the concentrations of 14 lipid mediators of interest in mouse skeletal muscle tissue without time-consuming liquid-liquid or solid-phase extractions. A restricted-access media (RAM) based trap was used prior to LC-MS as cleanup process to prevent the analytical column from clogging and deterioration. The system enabled automatic removal of residual proteins and other biological interferences presented in the tissue extracts; the target analytes were retained in the trap and then eluted to an analytical column for separation. Matrix evaluation tests demonstrated that the use of the combined RAM trap and chromatographic separation efficiently eliminated the biological or chemical matrix interferences typically encountered in bioanalytical analysis. Using 14 LM standards and 12 corresponding deuterated compounds as internal standards, the five-point calibration curves, established over the concentration range of 0.031–320 ng mL−1, demonstrated good linearity of r2 > 0.9903 (0.9903–0.9983). The lower detection limits obtained were 0.016, 0.031, 0.062, and 0.31 ng mL−1 (0.5, 1, 2, and 10 pg on column), respectively, depending on the specific compounds. Good accuracy (87.1–114.5%) and precision (
Systemic administration of bone marrow‐derived cells leads to better uterine engraftment than use of uterine‐derived cells or local injection

Stem cells are recruited to the uterus where they differentiate into endometrial cells and have been suggested as potential therapy for uterine injury such as Asherman's syndrome. However, it is unknown whether local intrauterine injection may result in better stem cell engraftment of the uterus compared with systemic administration, and whether uterine-derived cells (UDCs) may confer an advantage over BM-derived cells (BMDCs). Mice underwent local injury to a single uterine horn. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing BMDCs, UDCs or saline (control) were injected either intravenously or locally (uterine lumen) into wild-type recipients. Two or 3 weeks post-transplant, uterine tissues were collected for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence studies. Mice injected intravenously with BMDCs or UDCs had increased GFP+ cells recruitment to the non-injured or injured uterus compared to those injected locally. No significant differences were noted in GFP+ cell recruitment to the injured versus non-injured horn. In addition, systemic injection of BMDCs led to greater recruitment of GFP+ cells at 2 weeks and 3 weeks compared with UDCs. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that GFP+ cells were found in stroma but not in epithelium or blood vessels. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that GFP+ cells were mostly CD45-negative, and negative for CD31 and cytokeratin, confirming their stromal identity. In conclusion, the systemic route of administration results in better recruitment of BMDCs or UDCs to the injured uterus than local injection. In addition, BMDCs recruitment to the uterus is greater than UDCs. These findings inform the development of stem cell-based therapies targeting the uterus.
Role of Doppler echocardiography for cardiac output assessment in Fontan patients.

Background To determine (1) correlation between Doppler stroke volume index (SVI) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) SVI and (2) association between Doppler SVI and Fontan-associated diseases (FAD) and Fontan failure. Methods Review of Fontan patients who underwent same-day CMRI and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), 2005 to 2015. We defined FAD as cardiac thrombus, protein-losing enteropathy, arrhythmia, and hospitalization for heart failure. Fontan failure was defined as Fontan conversion or revision, heart transplantation or listing, or death. Results Fifty-three patients with systemic left ventricle (LV) underwent 86 sets of TTE/CMRI. Mean (SD) age 31 (6) years. SVI (45 [16] vs 42 [13] mL/m2), CI (3.0 [1.1] vs 2.8 [0.8] L min−1 m−2), and ejection fraction (53 [4]% vs 51 [5]%) were similar for both modalities (P > .05 for all). Doppler SVI correlated with CMRI (r = 0.68; P Another 11 patients with systemic right ventricle (RV) underwent 17 sets of TTE/CMRI, mean (SD) age 17 (3) years, and CMRI SVI also correlated with Doppler SVI (r = 0.75; P Conclusion Doppler SVI correlated with CMRI SVI in patients with systemic LV and systemic RV. The association between output measures (SVI and CI) and FAD were seen only in single LV patients (single RV patients not assessed for this outcome due to small numbers). An association between low Doppler CI and Fontan failure was suggested in a small number of single LV patients.
Incidence of T3a up-staging and survival after partial nephrectomy: Size-stratified rates and implications for prognosis

Abstract Background The use of partial nephrectomy (PN) to treat renal cell carcinoma has grown to include larger, more complex tumors. Such tumors are more likely to be up-staged to pT3a and generate controversy regarding the oncologic safety of PN. We aimed to estimate the proportion of patients up-staged to T3a disease after PN, stratified by clinical stage, and characterize their survival. Methods From 1998 to 2013, pT1-pT3aN0M0 kidney cancer patients undergoing PN or radical nephrectomy (RN) were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results registries. Cox proportional hazards models compared cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS) for PN patients with pT1a, pT1b, and pT2 disease to stratified, up-staged pT3a patients undergoing PN. Also, we compared PN patients with up-staged pT3a disease to RN patients with pT3a disease. Results From the 28,854 patients undergoing PN, the estimated proportion up-staged to pT3a was 4.2%, 9.5%, and 19.5% for cT1a, cT1b, and cT2, respectively. OS was worse for tumors up-staged from cT1a to pT3a, but not for cT1b or cT2 tumors. Up-staged pT3a tumors across all stage strata demonstrated worse CSS, with worse survival for larger tumors. Analysis revealed no difference in OS or CSS for up-staged pT3a PN patients compared to pT3a RN patients. Conclusions A greater proportion of patients experience T3a up-staging after PN with increasing initial T stage. Up-staged pT3a patients have worse CSS across all clinical tumor stages after PN. However, our results do not demonstrate that patients up-staged after PN have compromised oncologic outcomes compared to all-comers with pT3a disease receiving RN.
Product placement as leveraged marketing communications: the role of wishful identification, brand trust, and brand buying behaviours

Online streaming and DVRs have spurred the use of products placed within the storyline of a show to be an opportunity for advertisers to offer a message to their consumer about a brand even with th...
The “IBM Family”: American Welfare Capitalism, Labor, and Gender in Postwar Germany

This article examines corporate labor and gender relations in transatlantic perspective. It argues that the gendered communication of IBM’s Thomas Watson Sr. shaped labor relations in his company’s West German subsidiary. In the United States, Watson acted as a business progressive, expanding internationally, opening professional careers to young women, and implementing welfare capitalist measures. When IBM took tighter control of its foreign operations after World War II, Watson sought to implement welfare capitalist measures in the subsidiaries abroad. His wife Jeanette by his side, he presented himself as the caring “pater familias.” German IBM employees embraced Watson’s conservative rhetoric of the IBM family but continued to join national unions and formed a works council, thwarting the major welfare capitalist goal of averting labor organization. Against such local labor practices, gendered communication undergirded a loyal workforce even in critical situations, an overlooked factor contributing to the company’s success.
Evaluating Barriers to SNAP/EBT Acceptance in Farmers Markets: A Survey of Farmers

Farmers play a critical role in increasing access to and affordability of fruits and vegetables in low-income communities by accepting Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits at farmers markets. However, only 40% of farmers markets nationally accept SNAP benefits. This study evaluates barriers farmers perceive in accepting SNAP in farmers markets. We recruited 134 farmers using convenience sampling from six pre-season regional growers meetings hosted in Alabama; 92 farmers met inclusion criteria and completed the anonymous, 51-question survey. The survey measured demographics, perceived barriers and promotional opportunities within constructs of the Social Ecological Model (SEM). We used descriptive statistics to summarize char­acteristics, and chi-square, Mann-Whitney U and t-tests to analyze differences in characteristics between those farmers who accept SNAP and those who do not. The most frequently cited barriers to SNAP acceptance included lack of internet access, increased burden for processing payments, increased need for bookkeeping, limited availability of information about the application process and payment system, limited support from the market for completing the application, a small customer base and limited number of SNAP clien­tele. Comparative analyses revealed statistically sig­nificant differences in demographics and perceived barriers between those who accept SNAP and those who do not. Findings from this study pro­vide a more in-depth understanding of challenges farmers face in accepting SNAP. These can be addressed through education, policy, systems and environmental solutions at various levels of the SEM to overcome barriers to SNAP acceptance, ultimately increasing access to and affordability of fruits and vegetables for low-income communities. See the press release for this article.
Impact of sleep on executive functioning in school-age children with Down syndrome.

Background Sleep problems have an impact on executive functioning in the general population. While children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk for sleep problems, the impact of these sleep problems on executive functioning in school-age children with DS is less well documented. Our study examined the relationship between parent-reported and actigraphy-measured sleep duration and sleep quality with parent and teacher reports and neuropsychology assessments of executive functioning among school-age children with DS. Method Thirty school-age children with DS wore an actigraph watch for a week at home at night. Their parent completed ratings of the child's sleep during that same week. Children completed a neuropsychology assessment of their inhibitory control, ability to shift and working memory. Their parents and teachers completed rating scales to assess these same constructs of executive functioning. Results Parent reports of restless sleep behaviours on the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), but not actigraph-measured sleep period or efficiency, were predictive of parent reports of concerns with inhibitory control, shifting and working memory, and of teacher reports of inhibitory control. No measure of sleep was predictive of executive functioning as measured by the neuropsychology assessment. Conclusion The study findings corroborate the preliminary literature that parent-reported sleep problems are related to executive functioning in school-age children with DS, particularly in the area of inhibitory control across home and school. These findings have implications for understanding contributing factors to academic performance and school behaviour in school-age children with DS.
A Measurement of $\nu_e$ Appearance and $\nu_\mu$ Disappearance Neutrino Oscillations with the NOvA Experiment

NOvA is a two-detector, neutrino oscillation experiment on an 810 km baseline in the NuMI beam at Fermilab. NuMI is an off-axis, narrow-band beam centered near 1.8 GeV and is configurable to send a high-purity νμ or -νμ neutrino flux which passes through the NOvA far detector, sensitive to νμ and -νμ disappearance and νe and -νe appearance. The NOvA near and far detectors are functionally identical, liquid scintillator trackers. They are finely segmented relative to the radiation length in the detectors allowing for the detailed reconstruction of electromagnetic shower necessary to identify νe CC events. Through a joint analysis of the appearance and disappearance oscillation channels using neutrino and anti-neutrino data, NOvA constrains the allowed parameter space in δCP, the neutrino mass hierarchy, sin2θ23, and Δm232. We observe 58 and 18 appearance candidates on an expected background of 15.06 and 5.32 events in neutrino and anti-neutrino mode, respectively. This observation gives a 1.77σ preference for the normal mass hierarchy and 1.7σ preference for θ23 in the upper octant. NOvA will maintain its position as a long-baseline oscillation experiment with leading sensitivity for several more years in which time analysis will further disambiguate the fundamental neutrino parameters that determine oscillation behavior.
Do Statins Adversely Affect Skeletal Muscle Function

Objective: Statins are well known to cause myalgia and in very rare cases rhabdomyolysis. It remains to be determined whether statin treatment causes any adverse effects on muscle precluding benefits of exercise. We investigated the impact of statin therapy on exercise capacity, muscle strength, mitochondrial respiration, and gene expression in older adults before and after a 12 week exercise program consisting of either aerobic interval (HIIT), resistance (RT), or combined aerobic and resistance (CT) training. Design: Participants aged 65 and older reported in a prior exercise study were analyzed to determine the impact of statin use. Anthropometric measurements, muscle strength, exercise tolerance and a muscle biopsy for determination of mitochondrial respiration and gene transcripts (RNA sequence) were obtained at baseline and then repeated after 12 weeks of exercise training. Results: Among participants, 7 were in CT (2 on statins, 5 not on statins), 8 were in HIIT (4 on statins, 4 not on statins), and 8 were in RT (2 on statins, 6 not on statins) groups. Statin and non-statin users at baseline had no observed significant difference in BMI (p=0.936), VO2 (p=0.812), leg press strength (p=0.916), state 2 respiration (p=0.266), state 3 respiration complex I and II (p=0.345), stage 4 respiration (p=0.231) or gene transcripts of 15232 genes examined. Following 12 week exercise program, no significant differences were noted between statin and non-statin users in their BMI (9=0.149), VO2 (p=0.681), leg press strength (p=0.925), state 2 respiration (p=0.078), state 3 respiration complex 1 and II (p=0.142), or state 4 respiration (p=0.945). Significant differences were noted in gene transcripts in statin and non-statin users in CT+RT group (6 genes) and HIIT group (33 genes). Conclusion: Although there is a slight difference in gene expression in statin and non-statin users, this difference does not have a significant effect on exercise tolerance, muscle strength or mitochondrial respiration after a 12 week exercise program. Disclosure T.M. Cortes: None. S. Dasari: None. M.M. Robinson: None. K. Nair: None.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Mississippi River Cutoff Plan

From 1879 to 1932, it was the official position of the U.S. government to prevent natural and human-made cutoffs on the Mississippi River. With the appearance of a cutoff on the Yucatan Peninsula in 1929, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recognized an opportunity to gather data on this largely undocumented process. The orderly development of this cutoff resulted in the submission of bold plans, which, after considerable scientific investigation and modeling, became the basis for one of the most dramatic shifts in civil engineering policy in the 20th century. From 1932 to 1946, the Corps executed 15 additional cutoffs and other improvements on the Mississippi River, shortening its length by roughly 25% between Memphis, Tennessee, and Baton Rouge, Louisiana. This reduced flood heights by anywhere from 7 to 13 ft (2.1–3.9 m) on the Arkansas City, AR, and Vicksburg, MS gages. Then, as suddenly as the program began, it ended. Since that time, no additional human-made cutoffs have occurred, although many have suggested plans similar to those recommended more than 75 years ago. Whether or not such a program is politically feasible today, the cutoff program demonstrated the potential of engineering to control nature on the grandest scale by actually changing the course of rivers.
AGRICULTURE | Biological Impact on Populations

This article reviews the skeletal evidence for changes in diet, health, and workload associated with the economic transition from foraging to farming. Dietary change is evaluated through dental indicators of dental health and gustatory use of the teeth, and diet-related chemical constituents of bones. Nonspecific indicators of health, such as stature and enamel hypoplasia, and indicators of specific infectious diseases such as treponematosis and tuberculosis inform the discussion of the health impacts of an agricultural lifestyle. Patterns of osteoarthritis and biomechanical properties of bone provide complementary measures of activity patterns and workload. Although some patterns find fairly broad distribution, such as the general decline in dental health with agriculture, the picture emerging from these globally derived data is far from uniform. Degree of biological stasis or change with the transition to agriculture appears to relate to variability in settlement practices, degree of dependence on agricultural produce, and other attributes that variously characterize agricultural societies and tend to distinguish them from their forager antecedents.
I and J Polynomials in a Potpourri of Probability Problems

Some new methodology is developed for Network Reliability problems and for random paths on finite lattices. In terms of stopping sets which define different (random) ways of reaching a goal in a geometrical setting, certain I and J polynomials are developed which give rise to the probability distribution (and its moments) of the waiting time (WT) needed to reach the preassigned goal. These new techniques have many different applications from Network Reliability to Recreational problems of tic-tac-toe and attacking all the squares on a chess board with randomly placed rooks or knights or queens, etc. Failure probabilities need not be equal and random sampling can be carried out with replacement, without replacement or by Polya sampling schemes.
Mixed Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation for Gradient-Free Optimization with Noisy Measurements

This paper considers the minimization of a loss function, whose variables contain both continuous and discrete components. When only noisy measurements of the loss function are available, we propose the mixed simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (MSPSA) algorithm that uses the pseudo-gradient information to iteratively update the estimates while maintaining the mixed-variables-type constraints. Our work unifies two practical algorithms: the simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) and discrete simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (DSPSA). MSPSA algorithm can be applied to hyper-parameter estimation, optimal experimental design, and many real-world applications. We establish the almost sure convergence for MSPSA under some mild conditions. Numerical results illustrate this algorithm's practicality and advantages.
Spinal Cord Stimulators

Spinal cord stimulators are increasingly becoming a more prevalent treatment option for patients with chronic pain conditions that are refractory to medical and surgical treatment. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective implantable neuromodulation therapy which is approved for various conditions including failed back and neck pain syndromes, complex regional pain syndrome, peripheral vascular disease, and refractory angina. Because SCS are often placed in women of child-bearing age, there are multiple issues that are of concern in the pregnant patient such as potential teratogenic effects, physical constraints of the SCS device, and complications with neuraxial techniques for labor.
Weblog Data Structuration: A Stream-centric approach for improving session reconstruction quality

This paper addresses the issue of Weblog Data structuring within the scope of Web Usage Mining. Web Usage Mining is interested in end-user behavior. Thus, Weblog data need to be cleaned of agent requests and structured per single users and sessions for transaction mining. Since that Webservers record requests interlaced in a sequential order regardless of their source or type, Weblog Data structuring is not trivial when end-users are reticent towards proactive structuration, i.e., authentication or cookies. However, reactive structuration alternatives suffer from quality concerns in terms of session reconstruction. They are agent-centric heuristics that group requests per single pairs of user-agent and IP addresses. This contribution introduces a stream-centric heuristic structuration that drives the session construction to provide relevant single streams before mapping them to single user-agents and IP addresses pairs. The experimental results of the proposed method demonstrate its efficiency in terms of the session construction quality.
Poetry, print, and the making of postcolonial literature, by Nathan Suhr-Sytsma. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 2017, 298 pp., $99.99 (hardcover), ISBN 13 978 1107166844; the Author’s Response

During the years when I was working on the project that became Poetry, Print, and the Making of Postcolonial Literature, I was sometimes asked what Irish and Nigerian literature had to do with each...
A note on large deviations for unbounded observables.

We consider exponential large deviations estimates for unbounded observables on uniformly expanding dynamical systems. We show that uniform expansion does not imply the existence of a rate function for unbounded observables no matter the tail behavior of the cumulative distribution function. We give examples of unbounded observables with exponential decay of autocorrelations, exponential decay under the transfer operator in each $L^p$, $1\le p < \infty$, and strictly stretched exponential large deviation. For observables of form $|\log d(x,p)|^{\alpha}$, $p$ periodic, on uniformly expanding systems we give the precise stretched exponential decay rate. We also show that a classical example in the literature of a bounded observable with exponential decay of autocorrelations yet with no rate function is degenerate as the observable is a coboundary.
Memorialización prospectiva: San Millán de la Cogolla y la celebración pública del idioma en la Transición española

This article attempts to contribute to the interrogation of the consensual politics that presided over the transitional period in Spain through a glotopolitical perspective. In order to do that, it departs from a specific study-case: the meta-language displayed in the transitional celebrations and ephemerides commemorating the infamous glosas custodied in San Millan de la Cogolla. This reveals their clear nationalistic appropriation by academic, political and institutional power.
Conclusion: Complexity, Unity, Infinity

This chapter concludes the volume with some reflections on the prospects and problems for Fichte studies in the years ahead. One enduring source of promise, but also of difficulty, is the complexity of Fichte’s philosophy. This makes the interpretation of his writings particularly challenging, but it also constitutes his work as a rich resource, whose potential is far from exhausted and whose historical impact we have only recently begun to appreciate. Two somewhat more specific challenges are the development of more-unified accounts of the Jena WL in particular, and of the WL as a whole, through and beyond the writings of 1800. To say this is, of course, to presuppose the overall and enduring consistency of at least the essentials of Fichte’s philosophy. But some such working assumption seems justified, not only by the general principle of charity, but also by Fichte’s own firm will to integrity.
Synchronizing On-Chip Software and Hardware Traces for HLS-Accelerated Programs

Complex designs generated from modern high-level synthesis tools allow users to take advantage of heterogeneous systems, splitting the execution of programs between conventional processors, and hardware accelerators. While modern HLS tools continue to improve in efficiency and capability, debugging these designs has received relatively minor attention. Fortunately, recent academic work has provided the first means to debug these designs using hardware and software traces. Though these traces allow the user to analyze the flow of execution on both the software and hardware individually, they provide no means of synchronization to determine how operations on one device affect the other. We address this challenge by introducing a synchronization technique that keeps track of operations on shared objects. We identify objects shared between hardware and software and their memory operations, and use unique identifiers to synchronize the traces around these operations. We explore the added costs of this technique on execution time and hardware and software resources, and ways to reduce it through multiple synchronization schemes. This is demonstrated in an open-source prototype targeting the hybrid flow of the open-source HLS-tool LegUp.
Psychological and Political Contributors to Criminal Culpability: Reply to Brink, Howard and Morse

This is a reply to David Brink, Jeff Howard and Stephen Morse’s commentaries on my book, The Age of Culpability.
Integrating Stakeholders’ Perceptions into Decision-Making for Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management

Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) is a more holistic alternative to single-species management. Currently, all eight regional Fishery Management Councils in the U.S. are carrying out EBFM ...
Abstract PO-167: Area-level social deprivation and stage at diagnosis among breast cancer patients in South Carolina

Background: Cancer incidence, staging and mortality rates differ across geographic areas; however, there is a need for a better understanding of how neighborhood level socioeconomic and access to care factors impact cancer burden to tailor cancer control interventions in ways that appropriately target geographic determinants of cancer health disparities. The purpose of this study was to characterize the distribution of neighborhood deprivation in a cohort of breast cancer patients and examine the effect of social deprivation, healthcare professional shortage Area (HPSA) designation, and individual-level characteristics on breast cancer staging. Methods: We established a retrospective cohort of breast cancer patients diagnosed from 1996 to 2015 using the South Carolina Central Cancer Registry. Sociodemographic (e.g., race, age) and clinical variables were abstracted from the registry. We linked registry data to county-level variables to determine levels of social deprivation and residence in a health care professional shortage area using the Robert Graham Center’s Social Deprivation Index (SDI) and the Health Resources and Services Administration primary care HPSA designation. Bivariate analyses and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine associations. Results: The sample included 54,501 female breast cancer patients. Overall, the mean for SDI was 54.2 (+18.1) and the range was 76 (19-95). Approximately 44.4% of women lived in areas with high levels of social deprivation (e.g., SDI score of 52 to 95). In the logistic regression model, living in a geographic area with high social deprivation was significantly associated with African American race (OR=2.3, 95% C.I. 2.2-2.4), being unmarried (OR=1.2, 95% C.I. 1.1-1.3), and HPSA designation (OR=14.0, 95% C.I. 13.5- 14.6). Higher tumor grade (OR=1.2; 95% CI.1.2-1.3) and later stage (OR=1.1, 95% C.I. 1.1-1.2) were also significantly associated with neighborhood deprivation. Conclusion: This study shows that SDI differs by race and clinical characteristics among breast cancer patients. The SDI could be integrated into tumor registries and cancer research to understand the effects of neighborhood level variables on cancer health disparities to improve the precision of cancer control interventions that are developed to address geographic determinants. Citation Format: Andrew B. Lawson, Chanita Hughes-Halbert, Oluwole A. Babatunde, Whitney E. Zahnd, Jan M. Eberth. Area-level social deprivation and stage at diagnosis among breast cancer patients in South Carolina [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-167.
Data Integration as Coordination: The Articulation of Data Work in an Ocean Science Collaboration

Recent CSCW research on the collaborative design and development of research infrastructures for the natural sciences has increasingly focused on the challenges of open data sharing. This qualitative study describes and analyzes how multidisciplinary, geographically distributed ocean scientists are integrating highly diverse data as part of an effort to develop a new research infrastructure to advance science. This paper identifies different kinds of coordination that are necessary to align processes of data collection, production, and analysis. Some of the hard work to integrate data is undertaken before data integration can even become a technical problem. After data integration becomes a technical problem, social and organizational means continue to be critical for resolving differences in assumptions, methods, practices, and priorities. This work calls attention to the diversity of coordinative, social, and organizational practices and concerns that are needed to integrate data and also how, in highly innovative work, the process of integrating data also helps to define scientific problem spaces themselves.
NAREOR: The Narrative Reordering Problem.

We propose the task of Narrative Reordering(NAREOR) which involves rewriting a given story in a different narrative order while preserving its plot, semantic, and temporal aspects. We present a dataset, NAREORC, with over 1000 human rewritings of stories within ROCStories in non-linear orders, and conduct a detailed analysis of it. Further, we propose novel initial task-specific training methods and evaluation metrics. We perform experiments on NAREORC using GPT-2 and Transformer models and conduct an extensive human evaluation. We demonstrate that NAREOR is a challenging task with potential for further exploration.