cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amoxapine treatment of psychogenic vomiting and depression.

Psychogenic vomiting is a well-described clinical syndrome characterized by recurrent vomiting in the absence of demonstrable organic pathology.1 It can be seen in association with major depression, as well as with other psychiatric disorders. In many cases, the vomiting seen in this syndrome can be so severe and persistent that hospitalization is required to safely treat the sequelae, which include dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. We recently evaluated two patients who presented with psychogenic vomiting and major depression. In deciding which antidepressant to use to treat the depression, we considered the antidopaminergic effects seen with amoxapine. Although antiemetic properties had not been previously described for this drug, we hypothesized that the acute blockade of dopaminergic receptors by amoxapine and its 7-hydroxy metabolite might be beneficial in alleviating the intractable vomiting seen in these patients.
Glycerol-induced hypoglycemia: A syndrome associated with multiple liver enzyme deficiencies. Clinical and in vitro studies

Abstract A 4 10 12 yr-old white male presented with a history of occasional grand mal seizures and hypoglycemic episodes after overnight fasting. Upon evaluation, he became hypoglycemic after 1 g/kg oral glycerol challenge (plasma glucose: 31 mg/dl in 45 min), but had normal glucose, alanine and fructose tolerance tests. He responded well to a glucagon challenge after 11 hr fast but the became hypoglycemic and could not normalize his blood glucose after a 2nd glucagon stimulation test after 17 hr of fasting. Studies conducted on a percutaneous liver biopsy, and compared with 3 non-hypoglycemic controls, showed reduced activities (20%–30% of normal) of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, α-glycerophosphate oxidase and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase. Alpha glycerophosphate in the patient's liver was elevated. Two types of electrophoresis showed absence of one enzymatically active zone and overall decrease of staining intensity for α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Other liver enzymes tested were normal. The 50% inhibition of the patient's liver fructose-1,6-diphosphatase by α-glycerophosphate occurred, in vitro, at lower concentration than in controls (11 versus 22–40 mM). Electron microscopy revealed hepatocytes with moderately swollen mitochondria that very occassionally contained dense inclusions in the inner mitochondrial matrix. After discharge from the hospital, the patient followed a normal course, with a regimen of multiple snacks and avoidance of high-fat food in the morning.
Nuclear Behavior and Morphogenetic Changes in Fission and Conjugation of Aspidisca costata (Dujardin)

SYNOPSIS Nuclear behavior and accompanying cytoplasmic changes have been traced in conjugation and binary fission in Aspidisca costata, a fresh water hypotrich. Cases of autogamy in singles also have been found. In conjugation the animals pair with left ventral sides apposed, at an angle of ∼ 100°, connected by a broad bridge. After 2 maturation divisions 4 potential gametic nuclei are formed. Thereafter 1 of 2 alternative plans is followed. The essential difference between them is the occurrence in Scheme B of degeneration of 2 products of the 2nd prezygotic division, thus reducing to 2 the 4 potential gametic nuclei–all viable in Scheme A. Single or double synkarya are thus generated, respectively, in each conjugant, certain of them necessarily by autogamy. After 1 or 2 postzygotic divisions, 4 final nuclei are formed: 1 macronuclear anlage, 2 micronuclei, and a degenerate nucleus. The exconjugants at 1st are astomatous, although a new complete set of cirri (exclusive of the anterior “tooth”) arises during conjugation. A later reorganization in the exconjugants must restore the buccal apparatus and probably also replaces the cirri and tooth. The morphogenetic changes in fission have been observed. All the cirri are replaced, in 2 sets, at each cycle. These originate in a single locus, a pouch anterior to the contractile vacuole. A new adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) arises for the opisthe, as a new tooth. The old AZM and the old tooth are retained by the proter. It is suggested that the tooth is the homolog of the 1/I cirrus of other hypotrichs.
Cerebral edema during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in an adult with new onset diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) continues to be a medical emergency, in part because of a rare and devastating complication associated with its treatment, cerebral edema. In children, cerebral edema is the principal cause of mortality, but clinically significant cerebral edema in adults is rare. Methods and Results: We report the case of a 27-year-old male (not previously known to be diabetic) who presented with a first episode of DKA complicated by the development of fatal cerebral edema despite medical treatment. Conclusion: The pathophysiological mechanisms for cerebral edema associated with DKA occuring in children and adults are believed to be similar and are discussed in this report. However, patients who develop cerebral edema may deteriorate rapidly, and experience with successful treatment has been limited.
Women and gender studies and multicultural education: Building the agenda for 2000 and beyond

Abstract Multicultural education has always been contested terrain, yet within the last five years a significant consensus about its scope and function has evolved. The discourse about multicultural education has not adequately attended to the debates surrounding the terms “gender” and “sex” or the multiple feminist theories that focus on the more critical aspects of a social change agenda. This article focuses on some of the tensions between women and gender studies and multicultural education such as: understanding gender as a category of analysis, theoretical constructions of feminism, and building an educational agenda for social justice in an effort to further the agenda for 2000 and beyond.
Equilibrium, Price Formation, and the Value of Private Information

An economy is analyzed in which agents first choose whether to acquire costly information about the return to a risky asset, and then choose demand functions that determine the allocation of assets. It is a well-known paradox that if agents are price-takers and prices are fully revealing, then an equilibrium with costly information acquisition does not exist. It is shown that if the price formation process is modeled explicitly and agnets are not price-takers, then it is possible to have an equilibrium with fully revealing prices and costly information acquisition. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Predicting Vertically Nonsequential Wetting Patterns with a Source‐Responsive Model

Water infiltrating into soil of natural structure often causes wetting patterns that do not develop in an orderly sequence. Because traditional unsaturated flow models represent a water advance that proceeds sequentially, they fail to predict irregular development of water distribution. In the source-responsive model, a diffuse domain (D) represents flow within soil matrix material following traditional formulations, and a source-responsive domain (S), characterized in terms of the capacity for preferential flow and its degree of activation, represents preferential flow as it responds to changing water-source conditions. In this paper we assume water undergoing rapid source-responsive transport at any particular time is of negligibly small volume; it becomes sensible at the time and depth where domain transfer occurs. A first-order transfer term represents abstraction from the S to the D domain which renders the water sensible. In tests with lab and field data, for some cases the model shows good quantitative agreement, and in all cases it captures the characteristic patterns of wetting that proceed nonsequentially in the vertical direction. In these tests we determined the values of the essential characterizing functions by inverse modeling. These functions relate directly to observable soil characteristics, rendering them amenable to evaluation and improvement through hydropedologic development.
Vibration-controlled transient elastography: a practical approach to the noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis

Purpose of reviewTherapeutic advances for hepatitis C and the increasing prevalence on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are reshaping the diagnostic approach to disease staging in clinical hepatology. Well tolerated, inexpensive and reliable alternatives to liver biopsy are a critical need for clini
Intestinal epithelial cell accumulation of the cancer preventive polyphenol ellagic acid—extensive binding to protein and DNA

Ellagic acid (EA), a polyphenol present in many berries, has been demonstrated to be preventive of esophageal cancer in animals both at the initiation and promotion stages. To be able to extrapolate these findings to humans we have studied the transcellular absorption and epithelial cell accumulation of [14C]EA in the human intestinal Caco-2 cells. The apical (mucosal) to basolateral (serosal) transcellular transport of 10 microM [14C]EA was minimal with a P(app) of only 0.13 x 10(-6)cm/s, which is less than for the paracellular transport marker mannitol. In spite of observations of basolateral to apical efflux, Caco-2 cell uptake studies showed high accumulation of EA in the cells (1054+/-136 pmol/mg protein), indicating facile absorptive transport across the apical membrane. Surprisingly, as much as 93% of the cellular EA was irreversibly bound to macromolecules (982+/-151 pmol/mg protein). To confirm the irreversible nature of the binding to protein, Caco-2 cells treated with 10 microM [14C]EA were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. This resulted in radiolabeled protein bands trapped in the stacking gel, consistent with [14C]EA-crosslinked proteins. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with 10 microM [14C]EA also revealed irreversible binding of EA to cellular DNA as much as five times higher than for protein (5020+/-773 pmol/mg DNA). Whereas the irreversible binding to protein required oxidation of EA by reactive oxygen species, this did not seem to be the case with the DNA binding. The avid irreversible binding to cellular DNA and protein may be the reason for its highly limited transcellular absorption. Thus, EA appears to accumulate selectively in the epithelial cells of the aerodigestive tract, where its cancer preventive actions may be displayed.
Managing Seller–Buyer Relationships during New Product Development*

Ineffective relationship management with potential buyers during new product development (NPD) can be an important contributor to new product failure in technology-based, industrial markets. However, empirical research on managing these relationships remains underdeveloped. This study addresses this deficiency by developing an empirically based taxonomy of relationship approaches used by sellers to develop technology-based, industrial innovations, identifying situational characteristics that correlate with the choice of a particular relationship approach, and evaluating sellers' satisfaction with their relationship approach. The study's conceptual model is rooted in transaction cost analysis (TCA) and draws from extant literature on seller–buyer relationships during NPD. It was tested with data from 334 small to mid-sized firms in a variety of technology-based industrial markets. The results indicate that sellers use three basic relationship approaches during NPD: a bilateral approach, a buyer-guided approach, and a seller-guided approach. While the bilateral approach relies on a mutual exchange of information, the buyer-guided and seller-guided approaches do not. Juxtaposed with the high levels of satisfaction experienced by sellers in the sample, the study suggests that no one relationship approach is universally desirable. Therefore, managers may need to engage in a portfolio of relationship approaches with buyers during NPD; further, these approaches should correlate with buyer-related (i.e., perceived buyer knowledge and prior relationship history) and innovation-related (i.e., product customization and technological uncertainty) characteristics. Collectively, these results can help sellers optimize their relationships with buyers during NPD.
Receiver Technology For The Millimeter And Submillimeter Wave Regions

Increased interest in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength regions during the past decade has stimulated the development of sensitive receivers for a wide range of applications. The extension of waveguide mixers into the submillimeter region and the development of various types of quasi-optical receivers are reviewed. The development of novel GaAs integrated circuit mixers for the millimeter and submillimeter regions is discussed. Receiver performance is reviewed and the potential impact of monolithic receiver technology on systems applications is considered.
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is induced in spinal neurons by traumatic injury.

Abstract Nitric oxide appears to mediate the immune functions of macrophages, the influence of endothelial cells on blood vessel relaxation, and also to serve as a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system. 1,17 Macrophage nitric oxide synthase is inducible with massive increases in new nitric oxide synthase protein synthesis following immune stimulation of macrophages. 18 By contrast, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase are thought to be constitutive with activation induced by calcium entry into cells in the absence of new protein synthesis. 4,9,15 Developmental studies showing the transient expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in embryonic and early postnatal life in rodent spinal motoneurons and cerebral cortical plate neurons (Bredt and Snyder, unpublished observations) implies inducibility of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Moreover, neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression is greatly enhanced in sensory ganglia following peripheral axotomy. 8,20 Staining for NADPH diaphorase in spinal motoneurons is greatly increased following ventral root avulsion. 22 In many parts of the Central Nervous System NADPH diaphorase staining reflects nitric oxide synthase. 3,11 In the present study, we have combined in situ hybridization for neuronal nitric oxide synthase, immunohistochemical staining of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and NADPH diaphorase staining to establish that neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression is markedly augmented in spinal motoneurons following avulsion. The generality of this effect is evident from augmented staining in nucleus dorsalis following spinal cord transection.
Phase-plane analysis of action potentials in uterine smooth muscle.

Action potentials were recorded by micro-electrode from narrow strips of pregnant rat uterus in vitro. The phase-plane display (V vsdV/dt) of selected action potentials was analysed by the method of Jenerick (1964) to yield the ionic current. From this membrane current data, various parameters of the action potential were calculated. In comparison to skeletal muscle action potentials, the ionic currents were 30–100 times smaller in the uterus action potential. Epinephrine hyperpolarized the resting potentials and suppressed spontaneous activity, but did not cause any significant changes in the stimulated action potential. The after-potential may have been affected by epinephrine, preventing repetitive firing, but the data were inconclusive. The phase-plane analysis results were similar to the results of the double sucrose gap voltage clamp method on the same tissue (Kao and McCullough, 1975).
Liver and immune responses. V: Regenerating liver cells activate syngeneic lymphocytes.

Abstract The ability of regenerating liver cells to stimulate in vitro DNA synthetic response of syngeneic lymphocytes was studied in the rat. Lymphocytes were cultured with mitomycin-C treated liver cells prepared from rats, after partial hepatectomy (HEP) and [3H]thymidine uptake assayed. Lymphocyte stimulation was observed with liver cells removed 2 days after HEP; it was highest with cells of rats 6 days after HEP and declined thereafter. For a positive reaction, a cell-to-cell contact was needed. Specific secondary response and morphological appearance suggested an immunological nature of the reaction. Lymphocyte stimulating differentiation antigens may be involved in the process of hepatic regeneration.
A history of tissue expansion. Concepts, controversies, and complications.

BACKGROUND. Tissue expansion has become a widely used adjunct in reconstruction of the skin. OBJECTIVE. To trace the history of the concept of tissue expansion from the ancient to the latest medical literature. METHODS. We reviewed the technologic developments in the materials and methods of tissue expansion. RESULTS. Tissue expansion is of clinical importance and can be understood by the biochemical, biomechanical, and histologic features of expanded skin. CONCLUSION. Tissue expansion is becoming widely used and accepted and its continued use under many circumstances is justified by the experimental and clinical results.
A testing-based framework for programming contests

The traditional ACM programming contest [2,6] is often described as measuring the ability of students to solve problems and to translate those solutions to code. The judging mechanism imposes an additional burden: contestants must devise a sophisticated test suite to ensure that their submissions are successful. Students often have more trouble with this aspect of the contest than any other. This paper introduces the Corona Project, an Eclipse-based set of tools to facilitate testing of programming contest submissions.
Nonlinear model for predicting intermodulation distortion in GaAs FET RF switch devices

A nonlinear model for predicting IMD (intermodulation distortion) in GaAs FET RF switch devices has been developed. A novel unified equivalent circuit model of the switch FET for the ON and the OFF states has been proposed. The nonlinearities of the test FET as a function of the gate bias were identified and modeled up to 40 GHz by fitting scattering parameter data. These nonlinearities were combined into a single nonlinear model constructed from a number of elementary linear and nonlinear elements. The nonlinear circuit equations were incorporated as a user-defined model in LIBRA to perform the harmonic balance technique. This model has been used to predict the IMD and phase shifting performance of three of the individual bit chips (11.25, 22.5, and 180 degrees ) of a 6-18-GHz wideband 5-b phase shifter. In this phase shifter, GaAs MESFETs are used as switch devices which configure the bits into high- or low-pass filter structures. >
Methodological Review: Healthcare in the pocket: Mapping the space of mobile-phone health interventions

Mobile phones are becoming an increasingly important platform for the delivery of health interventions. In recent years, researchers have used mobile phones as tools for encouraging physical activity and healthy diets, for symptom monitoring in asthma and heart disease, for sending patients reminders about upcoming appointments, for supporting smoking cessation, and for a range of other health problems. This paper provides an overview of this rapidly growing body of work. We describe the features of mobile phones that make them a particularly promising platform for health interventions, and we identify five basic intervention strategies that have been used in mobile-phone health applications across different health conditions. Finally, we outline the directions for future research that could increase our understanding of functional and design requirements for the development of highly effective mobile-phone health interventions.
Habitat Selection by Mountain Plovers in Shortgrass Steppe

ABSTRACT Much of the breeding range for the mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) occurs in shortgrass steppe and mixed-grass prairie in the western Great Plains of North America. Studies of mountain plovers in shortgrass steppe during the 1970s and 1990s were focused in Weld County, Colorado, which was considered a key breeding area for the species. These studies, however, did not include habitats influenced by black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) or prescribed fire. The role of these 2 rangeland disturbance processes has increased substantially over the past 15 years. During 2008–2009, I used radial distance point count surveys to estimate mountain plover densities early in the nesting season in 4 habitats on public lands in Weld County, Colorado. All 4 habitats were grazed by cattle during the growing season at moderate stocking rates but had different additional disturbances consisting of 1) dormant-season prescribed burns, 2) active black-tailed prairie dog colonies, 3) black-tailed prair...
Recurrent spontaneous globe subluxation: a case report and review of manual reduction techniques.

Abstract Background Spontaneous globe subluxation is an uncommon problem that develops acutely and can present with significant patient distress from ocular pain and vision loss. Objectives To present an unusual case of recurrent spontaneous globe subluxation and describe several methods emergency physicians can use to reduce a subluxation. Case Report We describe a patient with recurrent spontaneous globe subluxation who presented to the Emergency Department with acute ocular pain and vision loss. The subluxation was emergently reduced, resolving the pain and restoring normal vision. Various manual reduction techniques are discussed. Conclusion There are a number of manual reduction techniques used for treating spontaneous globe subluxation.
Ternary Phase Equilibria in the Zr‐Si‐C System

Phase equilibria in the ternary Zr-Si-C system at 1200°C are investigated in this work. A specific effort was made tofabricate a stable or metastable Zr3SiC2 phase, analogous to Ti3SiC2, but no evidence of such a compound was observed.The existence of the Zr5Si4 and Zr3Si phases, which were previously described in analyses of the Zr-Si binary, isconfirmed in this study and their phase relationships withinthe ternary Zr-Si-C system are established by electronmicroprobe analysis and transmission electron microscopy.
The Effects of Efficacy and Emotions on Campaign Involvement

The political relevance of citizens' affective judgments is increasingly becoming a target of scholarly inquiry. Marcus and MacKuen (1993) have demonstrated that individuals' affective judgments enhance the efficiency of information processing during presidential campaigns. Emotions, however, are uniform in neither their underlying processes nor their effects on political behavior. Marcus and MacKuen have argued that candidate-induced anxiety stimulates political learning but not campaign involvement. This study informs the analysis of emotions and campaign involvement by considering the moderating influence of political efficacy. Specifically, we demonstrate that internal efficacy moderates the influence of anxiety on campaign involvement. Anxiety among the highly efficacious drives involvement while anxiety among those with low internal efficacy is of little consequence. In short, we find that the extent to which negative affect influences campaign involvement is conditional, at least in part, on indivi...
Timed Essay Writing Implications for High-Stakes Tests

The majority of high-stakes tests from elementary school through postsecondary education include the timed impromptu essay as a measure of writing performance. For adolescents with writing disorders, this type of evaluation often presents a significant barrier. The purpose of the current study was twofold. First, we investigated the influence of handwritten, typed, and typed/edited formats of an expository essay on the quality scores received by students with (n = 65) and without (n = 65) dyslexia. Second, we examined the contribution of spelling, handwriting, fluency, and vocabulary complexity to the quality scores that students with and without dyslexia received on the same writing task. Analyses indicated that vocabulary complexity, verbosity, spelling, and handwriting accounted for more variance in essay quality scores for writers with dyslexia than for their typically achieving peers. Both group and individual student outcomes are reported to better understand the needs of struggling writers with dyslexia. Implications for assessment, instruction, and accommodations are discussed with an eye toward reform efforts that target improved teaching and learning.
Extraction of Wave Propagation Mechanisms in a Cut-Wire Array Using the ESPRIT Algorithm

We apply the ESPRIT algorithm to extract and study the wave propagation mechanisms in a cut-wire array. The propagation and attenuation constants of each propagating mode are extracted. The resulting dominant mode behavior agrees well with Rotman's theory for infinitely long wires at high frequencies and the cut-wire theory at low frequencies. As expected from periodic structures theory, different Bloch modes (with the relevant fundamental and high-order Floquet harmonics) are detected. The approach is tested on both simulation and laboratory measurement data and then applied to in situ forest measurement data at HF/VHF frequencies.
Transcriptional control of terminal nephron differentiation.

Terminal differentiation of epithelial cells into more specialized cell types is a critical step in organogenesis. Throughout the process of terminal differentiation, epithelial progenitors acquire...
Child abuse and neglect: implications for the dental profession

Dentists, as a group, have participated in the recognition and reporting of child maltreatment to a lesser degree than other health professionals, being either unaware of their legal responsibility to report or, when abuse or neglect is suspected, reluctant to do so.
Families and Self-Sacrifice: Alternative Models and Meanings for Family Theory

The concept of sacrifice used to be a dominant theme in social scientific theorizing, but it is now so neglected that recent work speaks of the need for a "recovery" of sacrifice. Similarly, self-sacrifice in the service of family members, formerly seen as high virtue, is now often characterized as personality defect or self-defeating behavior. Neither self-sacrifice nor family love play a significant part in the prevailing family theories, grounded as they are in the assumption of self-interest and framed in the logic of utilitarian individualism and the rationalized marketplace. This "silence" is more ideologically based than reflective of family process. The absence of a language of sacrifice and love limits our ability to give voice to our experience, and the professional neglect of these concepts diminishes our understanding of the processes they name. Some recent work on sacrifice by scholars in other disciplines has implications for family theory. We draw from the disciplines of economics, history, philosophy, literature, sociology, and from life as lived by everyday people in making the case that self-sacrifice is a powerful and essential part of social life generally, and family life in particular. It merits a more substantial place in contemporary theory. Some theoretical approaches compatible with self-sacrifice as principle and practice are offered.
Friction of polymer films. I. Lubrication

The behavior of several long chain fatty lubricants in thin films of vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer and the nature of the lubricated polymer surfaces were studied by means of frictional measurements, critical surface tension of wetting, and light microscopy. The surfaces of the bulk lubricants were also characterized by wetting studies. The critical surface tension of wetting parameter was found to be both a means of characterizing the configuration of the lubricant layer and a measure of the extent to which the polymer surface was covered by the lubricant. There was no evidence of orientation of the lubricant layer on the polymer surface and no evidence of plasticization of the polymer by the lubricant. All lubricants studied appeared in the bulk state at the polymer surface in quantities related to the chain length and chemical constitution of the lubricant. Correlations were observed between the coefficient of static friction of the polymer film and its critical surface tension of wetting. Solid fatty amides having chain lengths of eighteen carbon atoms or greater were found to be effective lubricants for the polymer studied. The lubricating action of these fatty materials was explained in terms of their low surface energies and high structural strengths when in the bulk crystalline state.
Reinforced and Non-Reinforced Four-Man Communication Nets

Sixty four-man groups of Ss under six conditions (reinforced or non-reinforced; All-Channel, Wheel, or Circle nets) were each run in a single session with 20 simple problems to determine scores on performance and morale of the three types of net under non-reinforced and reinforced conditions. Results indicated in general that Wheel nets are learned the fastest and most efficiently, followed by All-Channel and Circle nets, thus confirming conclusions derived from other studies with five-man groups. Reinforcement appears substantially to improve performance for Ss in a Circle net but has insignificant effects for Wheel and All-Channel nets.
Group decision support systems and incentive structures

Many studies have compared the advantages and disadvantages of meetings using Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS), but relatively little research has been conducted on the role of incentives in these meetings. An experiment was conducted with 40 eight-person groups to determine the influence of incentive distribution mode (group or individual) and incentive type (positive or negative) on GDSS outcomes. Results indicate that group performance, including task performance, consensus, process satisfaction, and participation, is higher if there are group-based incentives, and that negative incentives or extinction result in more participation and less satisfaction. No interaction effects were found between incentive distribution mode and incentive type.
Structural redesign and stabilization of the overlapping tandem β‐turns of RNA polymerase II

Peptides representing single repeat units of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase I1 (Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser-Tyr-E;H,, 1 ) contain overlapping Ser-Pro-Xaa-Xaa @-turn forming sites which permit their overall structure to closely resemble members of the quinoxaline class of antitumor DNA bisintercalators. We have modified this native sequence at the ii2 positions of each p-turn unit by substituting Gly or u-Ala in an attempt to preorganize this structure in aqueous solution. CD and NMR spectroscopic investigations confirmed the presence of type I1 /3-turns within each of the substituted peptides in contrast to the native sequence which contains a relatively low population of turn structure. In addition, an examination of singly substituted peptides suggests that an increase in the population of /t in comparison, substitution in the carboxy-terminal site did not influence structure in the remaining portion of the peptide. Overall, these results suggest that the structures formed could provide unique. preorganized linkers for the construction of novel DNA-interactive bisintercalators. C' Munksgaard 1996. Kej. words; p-turns; circular dichroism: DNA intercalation: RNA polymerase 11: nuclear magnetic resonance
Kinetic Analysis of the Catalytic Mechanism of Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.87)

Abstract Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, AANAT, EC2.3.1.87) is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis. This enzyme is of special biological interest because large changes in its activity drive the large night/day rhythm in circulating melatonin in vertebrates. In this study the kinetic mechanism of AANAT action was studied using bacterially expressed glutathioneS-transferase (GST)-AANAT fusion protein. The enzymologic behavior of GST-AANAT and cleaved AANAT was essentially identical. Two-substrate kinetic analysis generated an intersecting line pattern characteristic of a ternary complex mechanism. The dead end inhibitor analog desulfo-CoA was competitive versus acetyl-CoA and noncompetitive versus tryptamine. Tryptophol was not an alternative substrate but was a dead end competitive inhibitorversus tryptamine and an uncompetitive inhibitorversus acetyl-CoA, indicative of an ordered binding mechanism requiring binding of acetyl-CoA first.N-Acetyltryptamine, a reaction product, was a noncompetitive inhibitor versus tryptamine and uncompetitive with respect to acetyl-CoA. Taken together these results support an ordered BiBi ternary complex (sequential) kinetic mechanism for AANAT and provide a framework for inhibitor design.
Investigating relationships between organisational commitment, employee empowerment, customer intelligence and Customer Relationship Performance among small service firms

This article investigates the role of organisational commitment, employee empowerment and customer intelligence on Customer Relationship Performance (CRP) among small firms in the service sector. A survey was conducted to validate the proposed theoretical model. The results showed that firms with a high degree of top management commitment toward Customer Relationship Management (CRM) were more likely to put greater emphasis on employee empowerment and generate better CRP than firms with a low degree of top management commitment toward CRM. The results also revealed that firms with a high degree of employee empowerment were more likely to effectively track and understand customer needs and satisfaction over time, resulting in the ability to better satisfy and retain profitable customers (CRP). This article also discusses implications of the study.
Social and Ecological Determinants of Land Clearing in the Brazilian Amazon: A Spatial Analysis

While tropical land clearing provides for the livelihoods of Brazilians from many socioeconomic backgrounds, it also affects climatological and ecological processes. To develop sustainable forest use, further study is needed to investigate the causes of tropical land clearing. This study uses spatial econometric techniques to estimate the effects of ecosystem productivity, measured by soil fertility and climate, and strategic interactions on municipal-level land clearing in the Brazilian Legal Amazon between 1975 and 1995. We find a negative relationship between soil fertility and land clearing. Furthermore, there is evidence of positive spatial interactions across municipalities. ( JEL C31, Q24 )
Can Anatomic Femoral Tunnel Placement Be Achieved Using a Transtibial Technique for Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Results: The reamed tibial tunnel was central within the insertion site, occupying 40.4% 6 2.0% of the native tibial insertion. Transtibial drilling resulted in femoral tunnels that were superior and posterior compared with the native femoral insertion. The femoral tunnel had a mean 6 SD overlap of 30.0% 6 12.6% with the femoral insertion, with the center of the tunnel 7.6 6 0.5 mm from the center of the native ACL femoral insertion. Conclusion: Based on our data using our specific starting point, during hamstring ACL reconstructions, the constraints imposed by a coupled drilling technique result in nonanatomic femoral tunnels that are superior and posterior to the native femoral insertion. Clinical Relevance: Anatomic femoral tunnel placement during hamstring ACL reconstructions may not be possible using a coupled, transtibial drilling approach.
Optimization of Reactive Ion Etching of Polycrystalline Diamond for MEMS Applications

It has been found that diamond columns can be formed unintentionally in reactive ion etching (RIE) with O2 plasma even without a precoated metal layer. The experimental results indicate that the existence of these diamond columns prevents the effective removal of polycrystalline diamond (poly-C), also known as microcrystalline diamond. A three-step sequential RIE of poly-C thin film in CF4 (or CF4/Ar), O2, and H2 plasmas is developed using lithographically patterned Al acting as a hard mask to achieve a smooth-etched surface after the removal of poly-C. This etching technique can remove a thick poly-C layer very effectively. For the first time, this letter eliminates RIE-related damage to underlying substrate (specific to RIE of poly-C) to optimize the technology for single- and multi-material MEMS made from poly-C. [2015-0141]
Implementing EAD in the Yale University Library

In 1995 the Yale University Library agreed to serve as an "early implementer" site for the FindAid DTD, now EAD. Three Yale manuscript repositories—the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Special Collections in the Divinity School Library, and the Manuscripts and Archives Department of Sterling Memorial Library, agreed to participate in this test phase by creating an integrated database of SGML-encoded finding aids, accessible via the World Wide Web. This case study describes the basic configuration of the Yale finding aid site, reviews the project's history and accomplishments since its inception in 1995, discusses the methods employed by the participating units to mark up legacy files and to integrate EAD into their routines for creating new finding aids, and suggests issues to be considered by others contemplating an SGML/EAD encoding project of their own.
A CASE OF BILATERAL CONGENITAL FUSION OF THE CALCANEI AND CUBOIDS

1. A case is reported of bilateral fusion of the calcanei and cuboids occurring in a boy of nine. 2. Evidence of arthritic involvement of the tarsal articulations is lacking. 3. Data is induced to show that fusion between the two calcanei and cuboids resulted from the congenital absence of the calcaneocuboid articular cartilages.
Travel Time Dynamics for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Theory and Applications

This paper demonstrates the limitation of the flow-based travel time functions. This paper presents a density-based travel time function and further develops a fundamental model of travel time dynamics that is built from a given fundamental traffic relationship and vehicle characteristics. The travel time dynamics produce an asymmetric one-sided coupled system of hyperbolic partial differential equations, where the first equation represents the macroscopic traffic dynamics. The existence of the solution for the mathematical model is then presented. The main contribution of this paper is the mathematical development and analysis of the real-time model of travel time. Moreover, this paper also shows various intelligent transportation system applications where travel time is an important factor and where this new model would be extremely useful and important.
Characterization of Cyberattacks Aimed at Integrated Industrial Control and Enterprise Systems: A Case Study

Industrial control system (ICS) security has been a topic of research for several years now and the growing interconnectedness with enterprise systems (ES) is exacerbating the existing issues. Research efforts, however, are impeded by the lack of data that integrate both types of systems. This paper presents an empirical analysis of malicious activities aimed at integrated ICS and ES environment using the dataset created and released by the SANS Institute. The contributions of our work include classification of the observed malicious activities according to several criteria, such as the number of steps (i.e., single-step vs. multi-step), targeted technology (i.e., ICS, ES or both), types of cyber-probes and cyberattacks (e.g., port scan, vulnerability scan, information disclosure, code injection, and SQL injection), and protocols used. In addition, we quantified the severity of the attacks' impact on systems. The main empirical findings include: (1) More sophisticated multi-step attacks which leveraged multiple vulnerabilities had higher success rate and led to more severe consequences than single-step attacks, (2) Most malicious cyber activities targeted the embedded servers running on ICS devices rather than the ICS protocols. Specifically, cyber activities based only on ICS protocols accounted for a mere 2% of the total malicious traffic. We conclude the paper with a description of a sample of cybersecurity controls that could have prevented or weakened most of the observed attacks.
Deformable medical image registration of pleural cavity for photodynamic therapy by using finite-element based method

When the pleural cavity is opened during the surgery portion of pleural photodynamic therapy (PDT) of malignant mesothelioma, the pleural volume will deform. This impacts the delivered dose when using highly conformal treatment techniques. To track the anatomical changes and contour the lung and chest cavity, an infrared camera–based navigation system (NDI) is used during PDT. In the same patient, a series of computed tomography (CT) scans of the lungs are also acquired before the surgery. The reconstructed three-dimensional contours from both NDI and CTs are imported into COMSOL Multiphysics software, where a finite element-based (FEM) deformable image registration is obtained. The CT contour is registered to the corresponding NDI contour by overlapping the center of masses and aligning their orientations. The NDI contour is considered as the reference contour, and the CT contour is used as the target one, which will be deformed. Deformed Geometry model is applied in COMSOL to obtain a deformed target contour. The distortion of the volume at X, Y and Z is mapped to illustrate the transformation of the target contour. The initial assessment shows that FEM-based image deformable registration can fuse images acquired by different modalities. It provides insights into the deformation of anatomical structures along X, Y and Z-axes. The deformed contour has good matches to the reference contour after the dynamic matching process. The resulting three-dimensional deformation map can be used to obtain the locations of other critical anatomic structures, e.g., heart, during surgery.
Temporal Partitioning of Dual Sexual Attraction Strategies in Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

In a field cage, male cabbage looper attraction to females and female attraction to males were temporally distinct. Male visitation and hair penciling to confined, unmated females occurred mainly throughout the third to eighth hours of a 10-h night. Unmated females visited confined males principally during the first hour of the scotophase. Female attraction to males at dusk was not associated with the male display of hair pencils that are the source of a previously identified male pheromone. The cabbage looper apparently uses both a male-produced female attractant near dusk and a female-produced male attractant later at night as part of its mate-finding strategies.
Effect of Incense—Cedar Heartwood Extract on Growth of Polyporus Amarus

Heart rot fungi vary greatly in their ability to attack different tree species. Fomes pini (Thore) Lloyd and Polyporus schweinitzii Fr. have a broad host spectrum. Echinodontium tinctorium Ell. & Ev. has a more limited host range, and P. amarus Hedgc. is confined to a single host, incense-cedar (Libocedrus decurrens Torr.). This host specificity suggests (1) that the heartwood of incense-cedar meets the nutritional requirements of the fungus, and (2) that fungitoxic substances in the heartwood either are not effective against P. amarus or else are not present in sufficient quantity to inhibit it. In studies of such selective relations, in vitro growth tests of the fungus in host extracts are often used to detect the presence of growth-promoting substances or growthinhibiting substances or both. One approach to in vitro tests is to add the extract to nutrient media. The growth-promoting qualities of wood and wood extracts added to various media are well documented (La Fuse, 1937; Robbins and Hervey, 1955, 1959, 1960; Meyers and Reynolds, 1959; and others). Wall (1962) found that specific concentrations of cold water extracts of dead aspen branches added to agar stimulated spore germination of Fomes igniarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx. The presence of fungitoxic sub? stances in heartwood has also been demonstrated by many workers. Rennerfelt and Nacht (1955) made a survey of the substances found in the heartwood of conifers and their toxicity to fungi. Anderson et al. (1963) made bioassays of the fungus-inhibiting extractive components of incense-cedar heartwood.
Using machine learning to model dose-response relationships.

Rationale, aims and objectives Establishing the relationship between various doses of an exposure and a response variable is integral to many studies in health care. Linear parametric models, widely used for estimating dose–response relationships, have several limitations. This paper employs the optimal discriminant analysis (ODA) machine-learning algorithm to determine the degree to which exposure dose can be distinguished based on the distribution of the response variable. By framing the dose–response relationship as a classification problem, machine learning can provide the same functionality as conventional models, but can additionally make individual-level predictions, which may be helpful in practical applications like establishing responsiveness to prescribed drug regimens. Method Using data from a study measuring the responses of blood flow in the forearm to the intra-arterial administration of isoproterenol (separately for 9 black and 13 white men, and pooled), we compare the results estimated from a generalized estimating equations (GEE) model with those estimated using ODA. Results Generalized estimating equations and ODA both identified many statistically significant dose–response relationships, separately by race and for pooled data. Post hoc comparisons between doses indicated ODA (based on exact P values) was consistently more conservative than GEE (based on estimated P values). Compared with ODA, GEE produced twice as many instances of paradoxical confounding (findings from analysis of pooled data that are inconsistent with findings from analyses stratified by race). Conclusions Given its unique advantages and greater analytic flexibility, maximum-accuracy machine-learning methods like ODA should be considered as the primary analytic approach in dose–response applications.
Perceptual Justification Outside of Consciousness

It is often assumed that rationality and consciousness share some sort of essential connection. Thus some theorists build rationality into their accounts of consciousness. Ned Block, for example, famously claims that a mental state exhibits what he calls access consciousness if it “is poised for free use in reasoning and for direct “rational” control of action and speech” (2007, p. 168). In his (2011) paper “There It Is” and his (2014, this volume) precis “It’s Still There!” Benj Hellie develops a complex account of how perceptions justify beliefs—an account which effectively builds consciousness into rationality. As Hellie puts it, he “advances a picture of the nature of rationality and rational explanation in which consciousness plays a central role” (2011, p. 110).
Submergence patterns of floating crude oil by granular particles

Abstract Granular particles added to floating oils can transform the floating layer to submerged state. Here we show that there is a critical thickness at which the floating oil can hold large amounts of particles by forming an elastic oil-particle bowl while keeping some particles in completely dry state. Furthermore, we observed that at high particle application rates, a vertical channel forms in water through which floating oil submerges rapidly. Transformation of floating liquid to high strength elastic state has important implications for particle induced reinforcement at liquid-liquid interfaces; while formation of liquid-in-liquid channels by granular particles enables pipeless and rapid transfer of floating liquids.