cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protonic Capacitor: Elucidating the biological significance of mitochondrial cristae formation

For decades, it was not entirely clear why mitochondria develop cristae? The work employing the transmembrane-electrostatic proton localization theory reported here has now provided a clear answer to this fundamental question. Surprisingly, the transmembrane-electrostatically localized proton concentration at a curved mitochondrial crista tip can be significantly higher than that at the relatively flat membrane plane regions where the proton-pumping respiratory supercomplexes are situated. The biological significance for mitochondrial cristae has now, for the first time, been elucidated at a protonic bioenergetics level: 1) The formation of cristae creates more mitochondrial inner membrane surface area and thus more protonic capacitance for transmembrane-electrostatically localized proton energy storage; and 2) The geometric effect of a mitochondrial crista enhances the transmembrane-electrostatically localized proton density to the crista tip where the ATP synthase can readily utilize the localized proton density to drive ATP synthesis.
International entrepreneurial culture, innovation differentiation strategy and early internationalisation: evidence from Indian born globals

This study examines the phenomenon of early internationalisation in born globals from emerging markets. While the domain has gained attention in recent years, the literature is still in its infancy as to how born globals from emerging markets compete in high technology sectors. This study draws on the dynamic capabilities view (DCV) to empirically examine how international entrepreneurial culture (IEC) shapes innovation differentiation strategy, and how each drive early internationalisation under varying levels of market turbulence. AMOS is used to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis and estimate a structural model, using a sample of 286 high technology born globals from India. The findings indicate that IEC supports innovation differentiation and early internationalisation. The findings also confirm the usefulness of IEC toward early internationalisation when entering turbulent markets. These findings offer meaningful implications for the dynamic capabilities literature as born globals harness an IEC to accelerate their internationalisation activities.
Temporary Status in Work Organizations for People with Disabilities: An Opportunity or Barrier

People with disabilities tend to be overrepresented in temporary jobs; some claim that this results from the outcomes of stigmatization and discrimination towards disability in work, others emphasize the training and development aspects that can be proffered by temporary work. This vocational status has been shown to provide positives and negatives for those with disabilities. For those with temporary appointment, levels of well-being have been shown to be significantly higher than their unemployed peers. Therefore, this vocational status can provide a path to upper career mobility if proper training and development are allocated. In contrast, temporary positions have been shown to cause gaps in resume content, raising concerns among prospective employers. Few employers want to invest in training and development for temporary employees and we conclude by examining how theories relating to the career mobility potential of temporary jobs can be utilized to raise gainful employment opportunities for people with disabilities.
Multiscale and Multivariate Transportation System Visualization for Shopping District Traffic and Regional Traffic

In this paper, we present a suite of visualization techniques for sensor-based transportation system data at different scales to facilitate the exploration of interconnected traffic dynamics at int...
Market efficiency in real time

Abstract The Morning Call and Midday Call segments on CNBC TV provide a unique opportunity to study the efficient market hypothesis. The segments report analysts’ views about individual stocks and are broadcast when the market is open. We find that prices respond to reports within seconds of initial mention, with positive reports fully incorporated within one minute. Trading intensity doubles in the first minute, with a significant increase in buyer- (seller-) initiated trades after positive (negative) reports. Traders who execute within 15 seconds of the initial mention make small but significant profits by trading on positive reports during the Midday Call.
Chaperones directly and efficiently disperse stress-triggered biomolecular condensates

Stresses such as heat shock trigger formation of protein aggregates and induction of a disaggregation system composed of molecular chaperones. Recent work reveals that several cases of apparent heat-induced aggregation, long thought to be the result of toxic misfolding, instead reflect evolved, adaptive biomolecular condensation, with chaperone activity contributing to condensate regulation. Here, we show that the yeast disaggregation system directly disperses heat-induced biomolecular condensates of endogenous poly(A)-binding protein (Pab1) orders of magnitude more rapidly than aggregates of the most commonly used misfolded model substrate, firefly luciferase. Beyond its efficiency, heat-induced condensate dispersal differs from heat-induced aggregate dispersal in its molecular requirements and mechanistic behavior. Our work establishes a bona fide endogenous heat-induced substrate for long-studied heat shock proteins, rigorously isolates a specific example of chaperone regulation of condensates, and underscores needed expansion of the proteotoxic interpretation of the heat shock response to encompass adaptive, chaperone-mediated regulation.
Enhanced stimulated Brillouin scattering via saturable phonon losses

Using stimulated Brillouin spectroscopy we demonstrate that nonlinear phonon dynamics emerging at cryogenic temperatures can be effectively harnessed to enhance Brillouin gain and extend phonon lifetimes in fiber.
Identification of Myocardial Tags in Tagged MR Images Without Prior Knowledge of Myocardial Contours

Magnetic resonance (MR) tagging has been shown to be a useful technique for non-invasively measuring the deformation of an in vivo heart. An important step in analyzing tagged images is the identification of tag lines in each image of a cine sequence. Most existing tag identification algorithms require prior knowledge of the myocardial contours. Contour identification, however, is time consuming and requires a considerable amount of user intervention. In this paper, a new method identifying tag lines is presented that does not require prior knowledge of the myocardial contours. The method is composed of three stages. First the tags are estimated across the entire region-of-interest (ROI) with a snake algorithm based on a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimate of the tag center. Next a maximum a posteriori (MAP) hypothesis test is used to detect tag centers inside the myocardium. Finally a pruning algorithm is used to remove detected tag line centers that do not meet a spatio-temporal continuity criterion. This method is demonstrated on data from an in vivo human heart.
Significant LVOT obstruction after mitral valve in ring procedure.

A 65-year-old female with a history of mitral valve repair with a 30-mm Physio Ring underwent transcatheter valve-in-ring implantation of a 26-mm Sapien XT prosthesis for severe mitral regurgitation. After the procedure, patient complained of recurrent pre-syncopal episodes. She admits to poor oral intake since the …
Constant-Q signal analysis and synthesis

A generalization of the short-time Fourier transform is presented which performs constant-percentage bandwidth analysis of time-domain signals. The transform is shown to exhibit frequency-dependent time and frequency resolution. A synthesis transform is also developed which provides an analysis-synthesis system which is an identity in the absence of spectral modification (given a mild analysis window constraint). The effect of stationary multiplicative modifications is discussed. Finally, similarities between the constant-Q spectral domain and the human auditory system are explored, and some implications for acoustic signal processing mentioned.
Odor identification is a more robust measure of forebrain cholinergic activity than odor memory/discrimination tests in Parkinson disease

1786 Objectives To investigate the relationship between performance of odor identification and odor memory/discrimination and forebrain cholinergic activity in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Methods 49 PD patients (F13/M36; mean age 67.7±7.8 yr; mean Hoehn and Yahr stage 2.6±0.6, mean duration 7.4±4.8 yr, mean MMSE score 28.6±1.8) underwent [C-11]PMP acetylcholinesterase PET imaging and olfactory testing using the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the 12-item Sensonics Odor Discrimination/Memory (ODM) tests (Sensonics, Inc, Haddon Heights, NJ). All subjects underwent detailed neuropsychological testing. No subjects were taking anti-cholinergic or cholinesterase inhibitor drugs. Results Mean performance on the UPSIT and ODM olfactory tests were 15.6±87 and 4.5±2.5, resp. There was significant correlation between UPSIT and ODM olfactory scores (Rs= 0.66, P Conclusions Although olfactory deficits on odor identification and odor discrimination/memory tests are highly correlated, odor identification is a more robust measure of forebrain cholinergic activity than odor memory/discrimination tests in Parkinson disease. Odor identification tests would be the preferred olfactory method to screen for more severe cholinergic forebrain denervation in PD. Research Support NIH R01 NS070856, P01 NS015655 and the Department of Veterans Affairs
Social Links from Latent Topics in Microblogs

Language use is overlaid on a network of social connections, which exerts an influence on both the topics of discussion and the ways that these topics can be expressed (Halliday, 1978). In the past, efforts to understand this relationship were stymied by a lack of data, but social media offers exciting new opportunities. By combining large linguistic corpora with explicit representations of social network structures, social media provides a new window into the interaction between language and society. Our long term goal is to develop joint sociolinguistic models that explain the social basis of linguistic variation.
The Cardiovascular Triad of Dysfunctional Angiogenesis

Cerebral cavernous malformation is a clinically well-defined microvascular disorder predisposing to stroke; however, the major phenotype observed in zebrafish is the cardiac defect, specifically an enlarged heart. Less effort has been made to explore this phenotypic discrepancy between human and zebrafish. Given the fact that the gene products from Ccm1/Ccm2 are nearly identical between the two species, the common sense has dictated that the zebrafish animal model would provide a great opportunity to dissect the detailed molecular function of Ccm1/Ccm2 during angiogenesis. We recently reported on the cellular role of the Ccm1 gene in biochemical processes that permit proper angiogenic microvascular development in the zebrafish model. In the course of this experimentation, we encountered a vast amount of recent research on the relationship between dysfunctional angiogenesis and cardiovascular defects in zebrafish. Here we compile the findings of our research with the most recent contributions in this field and glean conclusions about the effect of defective angiogenesis on the developing cardiovascular system. Our conclusion also serves as a bridge for the phenotypic discrepancy between humans and animal models, which might provide some insights into future translational research on human stroke.
Analyzing the impacts of carbon regulatory mechanisms on supplier and mode selection decisions: An application to a biofuel supply chain

This paper analyzes the impacts of carbon regulatory mechanisms on replenishment decisions in a biofuel supply chain. We employ mathematical models for operations which integrate replenishment and supplier/transportation mode selection decisions. These models explicitly account for carbon emissions that may result from transportation and inventory storage activities. This research is motivated by observations indicating that nearly 19% of the energy consumption and 25% of the energy-related carbon dioxide emissions worldwide arise from transportation. Because freight transportation is expected to continue to grow, we consider the impacts of different carbon regulatory mechanisms on transportation and inventory replenishment decisions in a biofuel supply chain. A set of extensive numerical experiments uses the biofuel supply chain context to analyze the impacts of different regulatory mechanisms, including carbon cap, carbon tax, carbon cap and trade, and carbon offset, on performance. We use existing methodologies to calculate emissions as a function of distance traveled, load weight, and transportation mode used. We also use publicly available data to derive representative biomass transportation costs. As a consequence, our numerical results are meaningful, and give a realistic representation of the relationships between emissions from different transportation modes and the resulting costs. The results of our computational experiments indicate that carbon regulatory mechanisms have a non-trivial impact on replenishment schedules, and as a consequence, costs and emissions in the supply chain.
Activity‐withdrawal, diagnosis, and demographics as predictors of premorbid adjustment

This study addressed the need for the establishment of clinically viable "easy access" data that could help predict outcome during the earliest stages of hospitalization. The study examined the contributions of an activity-withdrawal rating, a DSM-III diagnosis, and demographic variables to the prediction of prognosis. The subject population consisted of 152 patients drawn from the population of three psychiatric units. Prognosis was predicted successfully by activity-withdrawal, diagnosis, and demographic variables; the best estimate of prognosis resulted from the combination of all the predictor variables. Results are discussed in terms of the individual and joint contributions of the independent variables to prognostic prediction as well as the probable reasons for differential prognosis for each predictor category.
Intensivist supervision of resident-placed central venous catheters decreases the incidence of catheter-related blood stream infections

Catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSI) cause significant morbidity and mortality. A retrospective study of a performance improvement project in our teaching hospital's surgical intensive care unit (SICU) showed that intensivist supervision was important in reinforcing maximal sterile barriers (MSB) use during the placement of a central venous catheter (CVC) in the prevention of CRBSI. A historical control period, 1 January 2001–31 December 2003, was established for comparison. From 1 January 2003–31 December 2007, MSB use for central venous line placement was mandated for all operators. However, in 2003 there was no intensivist supervision of CVC placements in the SICU. The use of MSB alone did not cause a significant change in the CRBSI rate in the first year of the project, but close supervision by an intensivist in years 2004–2007, in conjunction with MSB use, demonstrated a significant drop in the CRBSI rate when compared to the years before intensivist supervision (2001–2003), p < .0001. A time series analysis comparing monthly rates of CRBSI (2001–2007) also revealed a significant downward trend, p = .028. Additionally, in the first year of the mandated MSB use (2003), 85 independently observed resident-placed CVCs demonstrated that breaks in sterile technique (34/85), as compared those placements that had no breaks in technique (51/85), had more CRBSI, 6/34 (17.6%) vs. 1/51 (1.9%), p < .01. Interventions to reduce CRBSI in our SICU needed emphasis on adequate supervision of trainees in CVC placement, in addition to use of MSB, to effect lower CRBSI rates.
Adolescent clinic visits for contraception: support from mothers, male partners and friends.

Context: To increase effective contraceptive use among adolescents at high risk of pregnancy it is important to understand what factors influence them to visit a clinic for contraception including support from their mothers male partners and friends. Methods: Data from a prospective cohort study of 399 teenage clinic attendees using the pill the implant or condoms were collected through a questionnaire at baseline and at a one-year follow-up interview. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis to show differences in social support for adolescents clinic visit at baseline and method continuation at one year. Results: Almost all teenagers (96%) reported that their mother a male partner or a friend was aware of their clinic visit for contraception; of these 92-96% also said that their mother or a male partner was supportive. Teenagers who chose the pill or implant were more likely than condom users to report that their mother and male partner were aware and that their mother was supportive of their contraceptive clinic visit. Implant users were significantly more likely than those who chose the pill or condom to continue using their chosen method for one year. Teenagers who took part in high-risk behaviors were more likely than others to involve a friend but not their mother or a male partner in their contraceptive decision-making. Conclusions: Pregnancy prevention programs and counseling protocols that integrate supportive networks for teenagers into contraceptive services may help adolescents to use effective methods. (authors)
Thymus transplantation in complete DiGeorge anomaly.

Complete DiGeorge anomaly is characterized by athymia, congenital heart disease, and hypoparathyroidism. This congenital disease is fatal by age 2 years unless immune reconstitution is successful. There are multiple underlying syndromes associated with complete DiGeorge anomaly including 22q11 hemizygosity in approximately 50%, CHARGE association in approximately 25%, and diabetic embryopathy in approximately 15%. Approximately one-third of patients present with rash and lymphadenopathy associated with oligoclonal "host" T cells. This condition resembles Omenn syndrome. Immunosuppression is necessary to control the oligoclonal T cells. The results of thymus transplantation are reported for a series of 50 patients, of whom 36 survive. The survivors develop naive T cells and a diverse T cell repertoire.
Bias in Estimation of Misclassification Rates.

When a simple random sample of size n is employed to establish a classification rule for prediction of a polytomous variable by an independent variable, the best achievable rate of misclassification is higher than the corresponding best achievable rate if the conditional probability distribution is known for the predicted variable given the independent variable. In typical cases, this increased misclassification rate due to sampling is remarkably small relative to other increases in expected measures of prediction accuracy due to samplings that are typically encountered in statistical analysis. This issue is particularly striking if a polytomous variable predicts a polytomous variable, for the excess misclassification rate due to estimation approaches 0 at an exponential rate as n increases. Even with a continuous real predictor and with simple nonparametric methods, it is typically not difficult to achieve an excess misclassification rate on the order of n −1. Although reduced excess error is normally desirable, it may reasonably be argued that, in the case of classification, the reduction in bias is related to a more fundamental lack of sensitivity of misclassification error to the quality of the prediction. This lack of sensitivity is not an issue if criteria based on probability prediction such as logarithmic penalty or least squares are employed, but the latter measures typically involve more substantial issues of bias. With polytomous predictors, excess expected errors due to sampling are typically of order n −1. For a continuous real predictor, the increase in expected error is typically of order n −2/3
Nitric oxide and soot emissions determined from a multi-zone thermodynamic direct-injection diesel engine combustion model:

A three-step phenomenological soot model and a nitric oxide emission model have been developed by applying the current understanding of conceptual models for direct-injection diesel engine combusti...
Analysis of regional recurrence after negative sentinel lymph node biopsy for head and neck melanoma.

Background The head and neck have a rich lymphatic drainage and complex anatomy, which complicate sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for melanoma. The incidence of regional recurrence after a negative SLN biopsy has been shown to be higher than that at other sites. Compounding factors in this scenario were analyzed to determine their impact on both SLN status and survival. Methods A retrospective review of a prospective database of 315 patients who underwent SLN biopsy for head and neck melanoma from 1994 to 2009 was performed. A false-negative SLN biopsy was defined as a regional recurrence in a previously mapped nodal basin. Results In all, 267 patients (84.8%) were SLN negative (SLN−) and 48 patients (15.2%) were SLN positive (SLN+). The false-negative SLN biopsy occurred in 17 patients (6.4%). The mean follow-up was 37.6 months (3–152 months). The false-negative SLN and SLN+ patients were similar with respect to patient age and sex and primary melanoma tumor thickness and ulceration. The site of the primary melanoma and the lymphatic drainage patterns did not influence the false-negative biopsy rate. The mean survival was SLN− 119.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 106.1–132.5, p < .001), SLN+ 73.4 months (95% CI, 52.3–94.4), and the false-negative SLN 70.7 months (95% CI, 54.2–87.1). Conclusions The risk of a false-negative SLN biopsy in head and neck melanoma is independent of primary site and lymphatic drainage pattern. Patients with head and neck melanoma who have a regional recurrence after a negative SLN biopsy do not have a worse survival than that of patients who are initially SLN positive. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis/bromidrosis using VASER ultrasound.

Background Current methods of treatment for axillary hyperhidrosis and/or bromidrosis are palliative (use of topical aluminum chloride or injections of botulinum toxin type A) or surgically based for more permanence (excisional surgery, endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy, liposuction/curettage). The surgical approaches have mixed effectiveness and incur the risk of significant side effects and complications.
Chicken muscular dystrophy: An inherited disorder of flight

Dystrophic (University of California, Davis, line 413) and normal control (Davis, 1. 412) chicks (Gallus domesticus) between 7 and 49 days old were tested for flight-related pathology and righting ability. Drop-evoked lateral flight developed in control chicks between 7 and 13 days. Dystrophic chicks never developed lateral flight. Both dystrophic and control chicks showed drop-evoked wing-flapping on the day of hatching. Also, dystrophic chicks had a normal but slightly higher drop-evoked flapping rate than controls at 13 days. Thus, the neural circuits that initiated and generated the rate of drop-evoked wing-flapping, present in dystrophic chicks at birth, were intact at 13 days, when deficiencies in lateral flight and righting ability were already present. The righting behavior of control chicks was superior to that of dystrophic chicks at all ages from 7 to 49 days.
The Issue of International Values and Beliefs: The Debate for a Global HRD Code of Ethics:

The problem and the solution. Professional codes of ethics are the foundation for responsible human resource development (HRD) research and practice and can help to define the field of HRD. Such co...
In memoriam: H. Allen Tucker, PhD

It is with great sadness that I share news of the passing of Herbert Allen Tucker (“Tuck”; Figure 1), professor emeritus of animal science and physiology at Michigan State University (MSU). Tucker was a leading expert on mammary biology and lactation in dairy cattle who had served on the Michigan State faculty for 38 years. He died Wednesday, July 15, 2009, at Sparrow Hospital. The following remembrance is an attempt to capture in words the remarkable impact Tuck had on his colleagues and field of research. H. Allen Tucker (“Tuck”) was born in 1936 in Milford, Massachusetts. Throughout his adult life Tuck thoroughly enjoyed gardening, fishing, deer hunting, scouting, camping, antiquing, and going to his cabin. At work, he was the consummate old-style professor who believed the purpose of his research program was to train others. He labored tirelessly to train graduate students, fellows, visiting scientists and colleagues like me how to write about, evaluate and conduct research. Tuck often used the word “pithy,” although few of us ever knew what the word meant. He also strongly believed, even preached, that everyone’s research design, lectures, and scientific writings, including his own, could be improved by constructive criticism. Many of us owe much of the success in our scientific careers to Tuck’s pithy, sometimes stinging, yet always welldeserved criticisms. Tucker obtained his BS degree in animal husbandry from the University of Massachusetts in 1958 and his MS and PhD in animal physiology at Rutgers University in 1960 and 1963 under the guidance of Ralph Reece. Tucker joined the Michigan State University Dairy Science Department in 1962 where he rose to the rank of professor in the Departments of Animal Science and Physiology and remained until his retirement in 2000. During his highly productive career, he and his colleagues were responsible for development of radioimmunoassays for prolactin, growth hormone, insulin, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones in cattle. His descriptions of variations in these hormones during mammary growth, lactation, and the different seasons were among the first published. He also concentrated his efforts on understanding how temperature and photoperiod might be used to control hormone secretion and, as a consequence, rate of growth and lactation in cattle. Results of these efforts demonstrated clearly that 16 h of light increased growth and lactational performance in cattle. This novel research was highlighted by a publication in Science. Tucker was internationally recognized as a leader in the field of endocrine control of lactation. He authored 355 scientific publications and co-authored the most widely used textbook for college courses in dairy science, Dairy Cattle: Principles, Practices, Problems, Profits. He was the first editor of the Michigan Dairy Review at MSU. Tuck was recipiIn memoriam: H. Allen Tucker, PhD
Reward and punishment sensitivity are differentially associated with ADHD and sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms in children

Research demonstrates that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) are likely separate constructs, but no study has examined whether personality dimensions are differentially associated with ADHD and SCT. This study tested the hypothesis that sensitivity to reward would be associated with ADHD symptoms whereas sensitivity to punishment would be associated with SCT symptoms. This hypothesis was examined in a community sample of children ages 9�12 (N = 89; 56% male). As expected, sensitivity to reward (and impulsivity/fun seeking specifically) was associated with ADHD and broadband externalizing symptoms, whereas sensitivity to punishment (and Fear/Shyness specifically) was associated with SCT and broadband internalizing symptoms. Although preliminary, these results suggest that distinct personality dimensions may contribute to the presence of ADHD/externalizing or SCT/internalizing symptoms.
Treatment of cholangiocarcinoma complicating primary sclerosing cholangitis: the Mayo Clinic experience.

Abstract OBJECTIVES: The aims of this retrospective study were to assess the frequency with which we used different treatment modalities for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA). METHODS: A total of 41 patients with known CCA complicating PSC with a median age of 49 yr (range, 27–75 yr) were identified from a group of 1009 patients (4%) with PSC seen over 10 yr at the Mayo Clinic. RESULTS: These patients received mainly five forms of treatment: 10 patients were treated with radiation therapy (RT) with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (seven with palliative and three with curative intent), nine with stent placement for cholestasis, 12 with conservative treatment, four with surgical resection (one of four received RT and 5-FU), and three patients with orthotopic liver transplantation and RT, with or without 5-FU. One patient was treated with 5-FU alone, one with photodynamic therapy, and one patient with somatostatin analog. A total of 36 patients died, whereas four (10%) patients survived (two with surgical resection, one with orthotopic liver transplantation and RT, and one with stent placement) during a median follow-up of 5.5 months (range, 1–75 months). One patient was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In highly selective cases, resective surgery seems to be of benefit in PSC patients with CCA. However, these therapies are rarely applied to these patients because of the advanced nature of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Efforts should be directed at earlier identification of potential surgical candidates.
Crystal structures and microstructures of (Ni, Cu)3Sn alloys

Abstract A phase diagram for (Ni, Cu) 3 Sn alloys containing 10–22 at.% Cu has been proposed in a previous paper. In this paper, the microstructure and crystal structure observations of as-quenched and furnace-cooled alloy specimens containing 14, 17.5 and 20 at.% Cu are made by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. A high temperature phase having a DO 3 structure transforms in part to a phase with a triclinic structure when furnace cooled from 1000 °C for these alloys. This triclinic phase is slightly distorted from a β-Cu 3 Ti-type 2H structure (denoted by d2H) and appears in an acicular form having uniformly distributed internal faults. The acicular structure is surrounded by the 2H phase having faults on (101) and a low density of dislocations. The high temperature DO 3 phase is found to be retained in alloys containing 16–22 at.% Cu when specimens are quenched from 1000 °C into ice-water; on the contrary, a 2H martensite containing (121) twins is formed in an alloy containing 14 at.% Cu. This is contradictory to a recent report claiming that a 2H martensite was formed in alloys containing 8–19 at.% Cu. A possible formation mechanism of the d2H phase is proposed.
A working classification of asthma.

Abstract 1.1. A working classification of some sort is essential for the study and treatment of asthma. 2.2. When asthma begins before age thirty, it should be considered to depend upon allergy until proved otherwise. 3.3. When asthma begins after age forty, it should be considered as due to factors other than allergy until proved otherwise. 4.4. In the younger age group it is the clinical history which is of vital importance in diagnosis and so in treatment. 5.5. In the older group the factors of "depletion", both psychic and somatic, may be essential. 6.6. Polypoid sinus disease is more a part of the picture than a cause of it. 7.7. Structural emphysema as well as tumors and foreign bodies must be considered in all difficult cases.
How informative is the initial condition in the dynamic panel model with fixed effects

Abstract I consider estimation of the autoregressive panel model with fixed effects yit=ci+βyi,t−1+eit. I investigate the estimation method developed by Blundell and Bond (1998), which makes use of the stationarity of the initial levels. I do it by numerically comparing the semiparametric information bounds for the case that incorporates the stationarity of the initial condition and for the case that does not. It is found that the efficiency gain can be substantial.
We two alone will sing: the two-substrate α-keto acid-dependent oxygenases

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) and hydroxymandelate synthase (HMS) are the only two known members of the alpha-keto acid-dependent oxygenases that adopt the fold common to the vicinal oxygen chelate superfamily of enzymes. All other oxygenases of this type have a jellyroll fold. Despite a clearly different ancestry, the salient details of HPPD and HMS catalysis are the same as all alpha-keto acid-dependent oxygenases. All alpha-keto acid-dependent oxygenases use reducing equivalents from an alpha-keto acid to reduce dioxygen via an active site ferrous ion mediator and then catalyze decarboxylation of the alpha-keto acid to promote the formation of a high valence iron-oxo species. The most common purpose of which is to then hydroxylate the substrate. This mini-review summarizes the structural and mechanistic data assembled in recent years for HPPD and HMS in the context of both their roles in nature and the vicinal oxygen chelate and alpha-keto acid-dependent oxygenases superfamilies.
Wellness and Impairment Content in Schools of Medicine Curricula in the United States and Canada.

Medical students experience numerous stressors, ranging from academic demands to financial strain. These stressors contribute to medical students having a substantial incidence of psy­chological problems, substance abuse, and seeking of mental health treatment. Left untreated, these problems can result in dysfunctional habit development and subsequent professional impairment. Research has demonstrated the benefits of wellness-impairment educational programs in medical education, but it is unknown to what degree the topics of wellness and impairment are included in medical school curricula. To assess this, a 13-item survey instrument was sent to associate deans in 142 schools of allopathic medicine; 71 (50.0%) responded. The majority of respondents reported that physician impairment (95.8%) and wellness (77.5%) are addressed in their school of medicine curricula, although the degree to which these topics were included varied. Access to other health-promoting resources on campus was also assessed and is discussed. Results suggested that there is a disparity between primary and secondary prevention approaches on school of medicine campuses. Implications for curricula and directions for future research are discussed.
Modular approach to focal plane array testing

A low cost, PC based Infrared Focal Plane Array (FPA) test station has been designed and implemented utilizing state of the art analog to digital converters, a digital signal processor, and Windows based software. A modular design allows for ease of upgrades. New A/D's, additional memory, or state of the art digital signal processors can be implemented without making major changes to system hardware or software. The software accommodates all of the various scanning and staring arrays made at Texas Instruments. The modular design of the software minimizes major rewrites when new FPA configurations are encountered. The overall laboratory test dewar (FPAs must be cooled to cryogenic temperatures for operation and testing) based testing philosophy has also been modified. In order to facilitate a low noise design a lab dewar that simulates a tactical dewar (the final IR system integrated cooling package) with side boards has been used. These `side boards' eliminate any unnecessary cabling to and from external hardware, thereby reducing pick-up noise. The test station's noise floor routinely approaches the theoretical RMS noise limit for the various A/D's being used (16 bit 2 MHz and 14 bit Mhz).© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
THE AUTONOMIC BASIS OF EMOTION.

(1) It is shown that hypothalamic stimulation in cats, with faradic currents eliciting the syndrome of sham rage, produces after the elimination of the sympathetico-adrenal system a hypoglycemia when the vagi are intact. After bilateral vagotomy the stimulation results in a slight and delayed rise in blood sugar. (2) If in cats in which, due to a sectioning of the spinal cord at the sixth cervical segment, the effect of central discharges on the sympathetico-adrenal system is eliminated, a rage response is elicited by a barking dog it produces a fall in blood sugar. The sectioning of the vagi below the diaphragm abolishes this reaction. From these experiments it is concluded that the normal emotional process as well as the sham rage reaction is characterized by a simultaneous discharge over the vago-insulin and sympathetico-adrenal system. The latter predominates in the normal animal and masks the effects on the former. Language: en
On the existence of Lindahl-Hotelling equilibria

Abstract We consider an economy characterized by the simultaneous presence of public goods and many increasing returns to scale firms. We formalize a notion of equilibrium, termed a Lindahl-Hotelling equilibrium, in which producer prices are marginal cost prices and the public goods are financed through Lindahl prices. Sufficient conditions are provided for such an equilibrium to exist.
Identification of brain activity from fMRI data: comparison of three fractal scaling analyses

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal changes can be separated from background noise by various signal/image processing algorithms, including the well-known method, deconvolution. However, discriminating signal changes due to task-related brain activities from those due to task-related head motion, or due to other artifacts related in time to the task, has been little addressed. We examine whether three exploratory fractal scaling analyses that capture temporal correlation, the fluctuation analysis (FA), wavelet multiresolution analysis (WMA), and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), can be effective and reliable in this task. We find that DFA is indeed so. Brain activation maps derived by DFA are similar to maps derived by deconvolution. We also assess a signal model recently introduced by Birn et al. by applying DFA to simulation data generated from this model. We find that Birn?s model fits our experimental data very well. Deconvolution explicitly uses information about task timing to extract the signals whereas DFA does not. Therefore, DFA is a promising practical method for fMRI data analysis.
Chemical vine desiccation of two potato cultivars

Russet Burbank and Onaway potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) vines were desiccated with diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido (1,2-a:2′1′-c) pyrazinediium ion), ametryn (N-ethyl-N-methylethyl)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), and endothall (7-oxabicyclo (2.2.1) heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) applied at various rates alone or combined with surfactants, drift retardant, copper, or ammonium sulfate. Diquat and paraquat at 0.28 and 0.56 kg ha−1 plus nonionic surfactant thoroughly desiccated Onaway and Russet Burbank potato vines. Only Onaway vines were thoroughly desiccated by ametryn at 1.3 and 2.3 kg ha−1. Endothall at 0.87 kg ha−1 provided thorough desiccation of Russet Burbank vines. The addition of a drift retardant did not reduce the effectiveness of diquat, while combining either ammonium or copper sulfate with diquat slowed the dieback of potato vines in 1987. Combining copper sulfate with diquat also slowed the dieback of Onaway vines in 1988. Both copper and ammonium sulfate, combined with diquat and nonionic surfactant, slowed the dieback of Russet Burbank vines when evaluated two days after application, but seven days later, no difference in vine dieback was evident. Crushing plants by rolling the field prior to desiccant application quickened vinekill by 18%. Applications of diquat using flat fan nozzles at 333 kPa provided vinekill equivalent to applications using hollow cone nozzles on a 25 cm spacing at 833 kPa, when spray volume for both applications was 467 L ha−1. Potato yield, percentage of U.S. No. 1 potatoes, and stemend discoloration were unaffected by chemical desiccation.
Integrative medicine and pediatric emergency medicine: Can they be complementary?

Integrative medicine (IM) is a healing-oriented approach to medicine that combines all therapeutic systems (mind, body, and spirit) in practicing both the art and science of medicine. It seeks to combine the best therapies of allopathic and alternative medicine into cost-effective treatments with the aim of stimulating the body's natural healing potential. It neither rejects allopathic medicine nor embraces alternative practices without critical appraisal of the benefits of each. Combining the skills of acute management and prevention education, integral to the practice of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM), with the IM approach, can result in positive improvements in patient care in the areas of satisfaction, safety, and communication for both the patient and provider.
Classical and physiologic adaptive conditioned responses to anticholinergic drugs in conscious dogs.

Abstract In conscious, unrestrained dogs, equivalent doses of atropine sulfate and Ditran produced a conditioned paradoxic salivary response and a classical conditioned response of mydriasis when the animals were placed into the experimental chamber. The onset and extinction rates for these responses were almost identical for both drug groups and onset appeared after as few as six treatment sessions. Although these drugs arc parasympatholytic agents, a possible explanation of the responses implicates a sympathetic nervous system activation.
The integumental perforation pattern of the Undeuchaeta incisa female (Copepoda, Calanoida)

The integumental perforation pattern of the female of the calanoid copepod Undeuchaeta incisa is described and compared with the patterns found earlier in Euchirella messinensis and Pseudochirella obesa, in order to serve future investigations on the phylogenetic structure of the subfamily Euchirellinae.
The Schinzel syndrome in a mother and daughter.

The Schinzel Syndrome was identified in a mother and daughter. This report expands the phenotype associated with this disorder.
Thalamic afferents of area 4 and 6 in the dog: a multiple retrograde fluorescent dye study

In the present study, we compared the distribution of thalamocortical afferents of cortical area 4 to that of cortical area 6 in the dog, using fluorescent tracers. Multiple injections of combinations of two dyes (diamidino yellow dihydrochloride, Evans blue, fast blue, granular blue) were made into either the anterior and posterior sigmoid gyri or into the medial and lateral regions of the anterior sigmoid gyrus in the anesthetized dog. We found that the thalamic afferents of areas 4 and 6 arise from topographically organized bands of cells that traverse several thalamic nuclei and extend throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the thalamus. The most medial band included area 6-projecting neurons in the anterior nuclei, the rhomboid nucleus, the ventral anterior nucleus (VA), ventromedial nucleus (VM) and mediodorsal nucleus (MD). Within this band, cells projecting to medial area 6 a alpha tended to be more numerous in the anterior nuclei, anterior parts of VA and VM and anterior and caudal parts of MD. Fewer cells in MD but more cells in caudal parts of VA and VM projected to lateral area 6 a beta. Lateral bands of cells in central through lateral parts of VA and VL projected topographically to lateral area 4 on the anterior sigmoid gyrus and lateral through medial parts of postcruciate area 4. The most lateral band of cells in VL continued ventrally into the zona incerta. Area 4 also received input from VM and the central lateral (CL) and centrum medianum (CM) nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Scalable synthesis of nanoporous palladium powders

Abstract Nanoporous palladium powders are synthesized on milligram to gram scales by chemical reduction of tetrachloro complexes by ascorbate in a concentrated aqueous surfactant at temperatures between −20 and 30 °C. Particle diameters are approximately 50 nm, and each particle is perforated by 3 nm pores, as determined by electron tomography. These materials are of potential value for storage of hydrogen isotopes and electrical charge; producing them at large scales in a safe and efficient manner will help realize this. A slightly modified procedure also results in nanoporous platinum.
A three-dimensional integral equation model for calculating poro- and thermoelastic stresses induced by cold water injection into a geothermal reservoir

Poro-mechanical and thermo-mechanical processes change the fracture aperture and thus affect the water flow pattern in the fracture during the cold water injection into enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). In addition, the stresses generated by these processes contribute to the phenomenon of reservoir seismicity. In this paper, we present a three-dimensional (3D) partially coupled poro-thermoelastic model to investigate the poroelastic and thermoelastic effects of cold water injection in EGS. In the model, the lubrication fluid flow and the convective heat transfer in the fracture are modeled by the finite element method, while the pore fluid diffusion and heat conductive transfer in the reservoir matrix are assumed to be 3D and modeled by the boundary integral equation method without the need to discretize the reservoir. The stresses at the fracture surface and in the reservoir matrix are obtained from the numerical model and can be used to assess the variation of in situ stress and induced seismicty with injection/extraction. Application of the model shows that rock cooling induces large tensile stresses and increases fracture conductivity, whereas the rock dilation caused by fluid leakoff decreases fracture aperture and increases compressive total stresses around the injection zone. However, increases in pore pressure reduce the effective stresses and can contribute to rock failure, fracture slip, and microseismic activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
γ-ray multiplicities from nuclear reactions: Theory, instrumentation and analysis

Abstract Expressions for interpreting γ-ray multiplicity measurements with a Ge(Li) and N NaI detectors are derived. A scattering chamber designed to allow measurements of multiple coincidences between a Ge(Li) detector and/or particle detectors and up to 12 NaI detectors is described. A special multiplicity recording unit has been constructed. It employs the strobed overlap coincidence technique and it is suitable for routing a multichannel analyzer or for interfacing to a computer. Details of the analysis procedure are discussed. The application of a computer code to multiplicity calculations is described.
An ethnohistorical perspective on Cheyenne demography.

Administrative censuses of the Southern Cheyenne Indians from 1880 1891 and 1900 permit family reconstitution identification of residence groups and comparisons of fertility between monogamous and polygynous women when the records are approached by ethnohistorical methods. This approach includes an awareness of the aboriginal adoption practices kinship system and naming practices. It is argued that the biases and distortions of administrative records can be effectively corrected to add to our store of information on band and tribal societies. (EXCERPT)
Robust quantum parameter estimation: coherent magnetometry with feedback

We describe the formalism for optimally estimating and controlling both the state of a spin ensemble and a scalar magnetic field with information obtained from a continuous quantum limited measurement of the spin precession due to the field. The full quantum parameter estimation model is reduced to a simplified equivalent representation to which classical estimation and control theory is applied. We consider both the tracking of static and fluctuating fields in the transient and steady-state regimes. By using feedback control, the field estimation can be made robust to uncertainty about the total spin number.