cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A review and analysis of research on the test–retest reliability of professional judgment

This paper analyzes existing research on the test–retest reliability of human judgment, i.e. the extent to which a judge makes identical judgments when presented with identical stimuli on two occasions. Only research involving professional judges who make experimental judgments in a reasonable analog of their everyday experience is included. Studies of both internal consistency reliability and temporal stability reliability are analyzed (where the former refers to the inclusion of repeat stimuli in the same experimental session, and the latter refers to the repeating of the experimental task from a few days to several months later). It is found that (1) the test–retest reliability literature is concentrated in four substantive judgment areas (medicine/psychology, meteorology, human resources management, and business), (2) the literature is extremely variable in terms of research approach/design, the determinants or correlates of test–retest reliability that have been studied, and the quality of the execution and analysis, and (3) mean test–retest reliability differs across both substantive judgment areas and the internal consistency versus temporal stability distinction. An inescapable conclusion from the analysis is that our knowledge of this fundamental property of human judgment is quite meager. Therefore, the paper concludes with suggestions about future research that would address test–retest reliability more systematically. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential substrate and channel hot electron injection to separate oxide and interface traps in n-MOSTs

Abstract In the present work oxide traps present in the gate oxide of n-channel MOS transistors (n-MOSTs) are filled by substrate hot electron (SHE) injection prior to channel hot electron (CHE) injection stress. By employment of SHE to fill existing oxide traps at low fields without generating interface traps, the contributions of oxide trap charging and interface trap generation on CHE induced n-MOST degradation may be separated. Using this sequential two-stage SHE/CHE stress, it is shown that (1) oxide trap charging and interface trap generation contribute to the threshold voltage shift and subthreshold distortion during short stress duration and (2) after the existing oxide traps are filled, interface trap generation dominates during long stress duration.
Hardware acceleration of multi-view face detection

This paper presents a parallelized architecture for hardware acceleration of multi-view face detection. In our architecture, the multi-view face detection system generates rotated image windows and their integral image windows for each classifier which perform parallel classification operations to detect non-upright (rotated) and non-frontal (profile) faces in the images. We use the training data from OpenCV to detect the frontal and profile faces based on the Viola and Jones algorithm. The proposed architecture for multi-view face detection has been designed using Verilog HDL and implemented in a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA. Its performance has been measured and compared with a Jones' and Viola's software implementation of multi-view face detection.
Stateless distributed algorithms for near optimal maximum multicommodity flows

We design a stateless and distributed solution to the problem of maximum multicommodity flows--route the maximum amount of flow between given source-sink pairs, possibly split along several paths, subject to edge-capacity constraints. Our main contribution is in extending the work of [1,2] to the case where the flow can be routed along possibly exponentially many different paths. Our algorithm, starting from an arbitrary feasible flow, always maintains a feasible flow, and reaches a 1 + e approximation of maximum benefit value in O(n2) rounds.
Innocent Bystander or Marker of Pathology

Mitral annular calcification is known to be associated with conduction abnormalities, embolic phenomena, endocarditis, mitral regurgitation, and thromboembolic cerebrovascular events in the younger population. The size of our elderly population is growing dramatically with the fastest growth in those aged greater than 85 years. The incidence of mitral annular calcification increases sharply in these “very elderly group of patients.” To determine if mitral annular calcification in the elderly patients has the same implications as in the younger population, electrocardiographic and echocardiography (M-mode, two-dimensional, Doppler) data from 553 octogenarian patients who were referred for a variety of clinical indications were analyzed. Patients with mitral annular calcification were quantified into mild, moderate, and severe, and the association of each was determined with various cardiac abnormalities. Mitral annular calcification was found in 59% of the octogenarian patients. Out of these, mild mitral annular calcification was present in 38%, moderate in 40%, and severe mitral annular calcification in 22% of the patients. Mild mitral annular calcification was not associated with an increased incidence of any cardiac abnormalities. Moderate mitral annular calcification was also not associated with any increased incidence of significant aortic stenosis, conduction abnormalities, and enlarged left ventricular size. However, severe mitral annular calcification was associated with all these findings. Moderate and severe mitral annular calcification were associated with significant mitral regurgitation and left ventricular hypertrophy. Thus, in the majority of elderly patients with mild and moderate mitral annular calcification (78%), its presence merely represents an aging process and an innocent bystander as compared to elderly patients without mitral annular calcification. However, only severe mitral annular calcification is strongly associated with cardiac abnormalities. Therefore, quantification of mitral annular calcification in the elderly is important before associating it with various cardiac abnormalities. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 8, May 1991)
The uvbyHβ Metallicity Calibration for G and K Dwarfs

The metallicity dependence of the primary indices of the uvby photometric system for cooler dwarfs (Te ~ 6500-5000 K) is investigated. The database for the analysis is composed of the overlap between a composite catalog of selected, high-dispersion spectroscopic abundances for 1801 stars on the metallicity scale of Valenti & Fischer and a merged catalog of high-precision uvbyHβ photometry for over 35,000 stars. While [Fe/H] for F dwarfs is best estimated from m1, with a modest dependence on c1 as expected, for hotter G dwarfs the pattern reverses, and c1 becomes the dominant index. For cooler G dwarfs and K stars, the c1 dominance continues, but a discontinuity appears such that stars between b - y = 0.50 and 0.58 with [Fe/H] ≥ +0.25 have m1 and c1 indices that classify them as subgiants, confirming an earlier result based on a much smaller sample. The reversal in the sensitivity to m1 and c1 is traced, in part, to the metallicity sensitivity of the b - y index. Moreover, b - y grows larger in a nonlinear fashion for stars above solar metallicity, leading to an overestimate of the reddening for super-metal-rich stars from some standard intrinsic color relations. Based on successful tests using indices from synthetic spectra and the empirical trends among the observations, metallicity calibrations tied to Hβ rather than b - y have been derived for [Fe/H] ≥ -1.0, generating dispersions among the residuals ranging from 0.061 to 0.085 dex over the entire temperature range of interest. The new calibrations have the added advantage of being significantly less sensitive to errors in reddening than previous calibrations.
Human botfly infestation presenting as peri-auricular mass

To report a new cause of peri-auricular mass in children: cutaneous myiasis-botfly infestation. Case report. The human botfly (Dermatobia hominis) is found in the tropics of Central and South America. However, cases of infestation are uncommon in the United States. We present the case of a 5-year-old girl with cutaneous myiasis in order to expand the differential diagnosis for a peri-auricular mass in children. In our report, the parasite was initially identified as sparganum, but was later reclassified by the center for disease control and prevention (CDC) as a botfly larva. Parasitic infection should be considered with a newly noted head and neck mass, and cutaneous myiasis should be included in the differential diagnosis. Cutaneous myiasis has not been previously reported in the literature describing the peri-auricular region as the site of occurrence. Furthermore, when an unusual parasite is extracted from a lesion, it should be confirmed by an authority such as CDC for definitive diagnosis, so appropriate plan of care and follow up can be instituted.
Molecular design of aquaporin-1 water channel as revealed by electron crystallography

The electron crystallographic structure of the aquaporin-1 water channel, determined at approximately 6A, reveals that the protein has six transmembrane alpha-helices forming a trapezoid-like cylinder. There is a branched rod-like structure within the cylinder that traverses the membrane and likely contains at least one alpha-helix.
Characteristics of laser-induced inelastic-scattering signals from coastal waters

This paper describes laser-induced fluorescence and Raman signal measurements from coastal waters. These measurements collect laser-induced signals as a function of laser wavelengths and water temperatures. For each laser wavelength, the laser energies simultaneously induce dissolved organic material (DOM) fluorescence, alga fluorescence, and Raman signals. For the water samples used, these measurements show that DOM and Raman signal amplitudes are insensitive to water temperatures. However, alga fluorescence signals increases slowly with increases in water temperatures. The wavelength-dependent measurements show that Raman signal amplitudes decrease with increases in excitation laser wavelengths between 490 and 535 nm, the wavelength range used in these measurements. The alga fluorescence signal amplitudes also decrease with increase in excitation laser wavelengths. However, these decreases are insignificant compared to that of Raman signals. Within the excitation laser wavelength range studied, the DOM fluorescence does not show significant spectral structures that depend on laser wavelengths. The measurement results suggest optimum laser wavelengths for studying laser-induced inelastic scattering in coastal waters. These data also suggest that for both active and passive coastal water remote sensing, Raman signals may bias alga fluorescence measurement results depending on relative alga fluorescence and Raman signal intensity.
Use of a Computerized C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Based Sepsis Evaluation in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants: A Five-Year Experience

Background Serial C-reactive protein (CRP) values may be useful for decision-making regarding duration of antibiotics in neonates. However, established standard of practice for its use in preterm very low birth weight (<1500 g, VLBW) infants are lacking. Objective Evaluate compliance with a CRP-guided computerized decision support (CDS) algorithm and compare characteristics and outcomes of compliant versus non-compliant cases. Measure correlation between CRPs and white blood count (WBC) indices. Methods We examined 3 populations: 1) all preterm VLBW infants born at Vanderbilt 2006–2011 – we assessed provider compliance with CDS algorithm and measured relevant outcomes; 2) all patients with positive blood culture results admitted to the Vanderbilt NICU 2006–2012 – we tested the correlation between CRP and WBC results within 7 days of blood culture phlebotomy; 3) 1,000 randomly selected patients out of the 7,062 patients admitted to the NICU 2006–2012 – we correlated time-associated CRP values and absolute neutrophil counts. Results Of 636 VLBW infants in cohort 1), 569 (89%) received empiric antibiotics for suspected early-onset sepsis. In 409 infants (72%) the CDS algorithm was followed; antibiotics were discontinued ≤48 hours in 311 (55%) with normal serial CRPs and continued in 98 (17%) with positive CRPs, resulting in significant reduction in antibiotic exposure (p<0.001) without increase in complications or subsequent infections. One hundred sixty (28%) were considered non-compliant because antibiotics were continued beyond 48 hours despite negative serial CRPs and blood cultures. Serial CRPs remained negative in 38 (12%) of 308 blood culture-positive infants from cohort 2, but only 4 patients had clinically probable sepsis with single organisms and no immunodeficiency besides extreme prematurity. Leukopenia of any cell type was not linked with CRPs in cohorts 2 and 3. Conclusions CDS/CRP-guided antibiotic use is safe and effective in culture-negative VLBW infants. CRP results are not affected by low WBC indices.
INTERNAL ENERGY DEPOSITION INTO MOLECULES UPON POSITRON-ELECTRON ANNIHILATION

The dissociative ionization of organic molecules, induced by positrons having energies below the positronium threshold (0.5--3 eV), has been studied. Cross sections for the ionization-fragmentation processes increase as positron energies decrease. The data reveal that the energy required for dissociative ionization is supplied by the annihilation process, and that fragmentation occurs by breakage of C-C single bonds in preference to double and triple bonds.
Infant with midline thoracoabdominal schisis and limb defects

An infant presented with multiple congenital anomalies including a midline thoracoabdominal defect, absence of the sternum, ectopia cordis, right diaphragmatic hernia, right anophthalmia, left microphthalmia, incomplete bilateral cleft lip, and various limb defects including ectrodactyly of the right hand and left foot, and phocomelia of the right lower extremity. The infant expired soon after birth. The radiological findings included absence of the sternum, 11 right-sided ribs, absence of the middle third of the right clavicle, opaque right hemithorax, hypoplastic right tibia, absent right fibula and foot, and ectrodactyly of the right hand and left foot. In addition, the autopsy revealed two distinct diaphragmatic defects, an anterior midline defect of the diaphragm beneath the ectopic heart, and a large Bochdalek hernia, with abdominal contents in the chest. Our case has overlapping features with conditions such as thoracoabdominal syndrome, pentalogy of Cantrell, and limb-body wall complex, but the concurrence of midline body wall defect and ectrodactyly has not been described previously.
Computational elucidation of the structural basis of ligand binding to the dopamine 3 receptor through docking and homology modeling.

The dopamine subtype 3 receptor (D3) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cocaine addiction, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and other disorders, but little is known about the binding of ligands to D3 at the atomic level. In the present study, binding of 29 known ligands to the D3 receptor was modeled computationally using four D3 receptor models which were obtained from homology modeling. The predicted binding models were validated with experimental data from site-directed mutagenesis, structure−activity relationship studies, and affinity labeling studies. Docking scores calculated for these 29 ligands correlate reasonably well with the experimentally determined binding affinities. A pharmacophore model is proposed that describes the binding of ligands at a single D3 receptor binding site and offers insights into the binding of structurally diverse D3 ligands to this receptor.
Fatal tapwater scald burns in the USA, 1979–1986

Four hundred and fifty-nine fatal tapwater scald burn injuries reported to the Injury Information Clearinghouse of the Consumer Product Safety Commission from 1979 to 1986 were studied. Data concerning the 459 deaths were abstracted from the death certificate file maintained by the Clearing house. Risk estimates were derived, using the resident population of the USA as of 1 July 1982 as the midpoint population estimate. Over half the deaths occurred in those over 75 years of age, while about one-fifth of the deaths occurred in children younger than 5 years of age. The crude mortality rate was approximately two deaths per million population over the 8-year period studied. In all age groups, black-skinned people experienced an approximate three-fold increase in risk (RR = 3.23, 95% CI: 2.87, 3.63). Among the elderly, males experienced an approximately 50 per cent increase in risk (RR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.26, 1.72). One of every eight fatal injuries was sustained in a public building or residential institution. Implications of the current findings in terms of targetted prevention efforts are discussed.
A moving-boundary nodal model for the analysis of the stability of boiling channels

A moving-boundary nodal model has been derived for the linear and non-linear stability analysis of boiling channels. This model is based on the integration of the conservation (partial differential) equations in space and an approximation of the integral with a weighted average of the integrated variable evaluated at the boundaries of the nodes. The resulting system of ODEs has been used to evaluate the linear stability of a boiling vertical channel. The results obtained with this model, using a relatively small number of nodes, compare favorably with experimental results and calculations obtained with distributed parameter and fixed node models, which require the use of many axial nodes. Supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcations have been identified, and the frequency response of the model has been evaluated. These results have been used as the criteria for the determination of the number of single-phase nodes needed for a given frequency range.
Weight status misperception as related to selected health risk behaviors among middle school students

BACKGROUND: Weight misperception has been documented among children although the impact on health risk behaviors is less understood, particularly among middle school students. The goals of this study were to describe sociodemographic differences in actual and perceived weight, correspondence between actual and perceived weight, and weight-related health risk behaviors, as well as to examine weight misperception and interactions with sociodemographic variables in explaining weight-related health risk behaviors. METHODS: Participants were recruited at 11 public school districts participating in the Tennessee Coordinated School Health (CSH) pilot program. A total of 10,273 middle school students completed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey administered by teachers in the school setting. RESULTS: Findings revealed sociodemographic differences in actual and perceived weight as well as weight misperception. Although overestimating one's weight was significantly related to greater likelihood of weight-related health risk behaviors, significant interactions showed this relationship to be especially pronounced in females. Additional distinctions based on sociodemographic variables are indicated. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight the importance of screening for health risk behaviors including weight misperception among middle school students. The CSH program offers an opportunity to understand health risk behaviors among students while also informing and evaluating methods for intervention. Language: en
Utility of automated data in identifying femoral shaft and subtrochanteric (diaphyseal) fractures

Summary In women age 45 years and older, enrolled in an integrated group practice in 2007, use of ICD9 diagnostic codes, including the “not otherwise specified” code (821.00) resulted in a high false-positive rate for identifying femoral diaphyseal fractures. Restriction to more specific site-codes missed 36% of these rare fractures.
PlaceAvoider: Steering First-Person Cameras away from Sensitive Spaces.

As a first step, we introduce PlaceAvoider, a technique for owners of first-person cameras to ‘blacklist’ sensitive spaces (like bathrooms and bedrooms). PlaceAvoider recognizes images captured in these spaces and flags them for review before the images are made available to applications. PlaceAvoider performs novel image analysis using both fine-grained image features (like specific objects) and coarse-grained, scene-level features (like colors and textures) to classify where a photo was taken. PlaceAvoider combines these features in a probabilistic framework that jointly labels streams of images in order to improve accuracy. We test the technique on five realistic firstperson image datasets and show it is robust to blurriness, motion, and occlusion.
Preparation of well-defined colloidal particles by thermal decomposition of metal chelates. I. Iron oxides

Abstract Well-defined hematite and magnetite colloidal particles of different morphologies were prepared by hydrothermal aging of strongly alkaline solutions of ferric salts and triethanolamine (TEA) at 250°C. The oxidation state of iron in the final products was controlled by the addition of either hydrazine (N2H4) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the reaction mixtures, as well as by the type and concentration of anions present in the systems. Rapid recrystallization of hematite to magnetite was also accomplished by hydrothermal aging of α-Fe2O3 dispersions in highly alkaline media containing hydrazine. The transformation appeared to proceed via a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism. The relevance of these systems to the study of the formation of colloidal corrosion products is discussed with special reference to the crude materials produced in the cooling circuits of light water nuclear reactors.
A 3-Month-Old Infant With Recurrent Apparent Life-Threatening Events in a Car Seat

A 3-month-old infant was brought to clinic for evaluation of recurrent apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs). Two ALTE episodes occurred while the infant was sleeping in a safety car seat. The first one occurred when he was 4 weeks old. His mother noticed that he was not breathing; he appeared limp with full body cyanosis. His mother picked him up from the car seat, and he started breathing spontaneously and without any sign of distress. His skin color returned to normal. He was evaluated at the ED where the physical examination was normal. He was hospitalized 1 day for observation. During this time, workup, including ECG and chest radiograph, was normal. The parents were instructed on cardiorespiratory resuscitation and recommended to change car seats. The infant was discharged with an apnea monitor. He wore the apnea monitor while in the car seat. A second similar episode occurred at 10 weeks of age for which he was seen at the ED and referred to our clinic for further evaluation. Neither episode was related to feeding.
Tracking with deep neural networks

We present deep neural network models applied to tracking objects of interest. Deep neural networks trained for general-purpose use are introduced to conduct long-term tracking, which requires scale-invariant feature extraction even when the object dramatically changes shape as it moves in the scene. We use two-layer networks trained using either supervised or unsupervised learning techniques. The networks, augmented with a radial basis function classifier, are able to track objects based on a single example. We tested the networks tracking capability on the TLD dataset, one of the most difficult sets of tracking tasks and real-time tracking is achieved in 0.074 seconds per frame for 320×240 pixel image on a 2-core 2.7GHz Intel i7 laptop.
The parliamentary election in India, April–May 2009

The end of the term of Manmohan Singh’s government necessitated the parliamentary election, which was held in five phases between 16 April and 13 May 2009. Singh (Congress Party) had led a coalition – the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) – for five years. The UPA was formed after the 2004 election, when the Congress Party emerged as the largest party but more than 100 seats short of a majority. Many smaller parties had joined the Congress alliance, such as the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and the Dravida Munnetra Kazhakam (DMK). The Communists, the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), and later the Samajwadi Party (SP) supported the Congress-led government but without joining the alliance. The support of smaller and regional parties, each representing a group – a caste, a region, or a state – had become crucial to forming a national government since 1996. Every government since then had been put together with the support of regional parties. In this context, one thing was certain even before the election was held: the post-election government would be a coalition. When the election was called, the effects of the global economic slowdown had come to bear on India’s economy. Singh’s government was criticized for not reining in prices of essential food items and job losses; and economic growth had also slowed slightly in late 2008. Singh’s government, however, had notable accomplishments. It oversaw unprecedented annual economic growth of over 8% GDP in its first four years; launched a programme that guaranteed 100 day’s employment to the rural poor; wrote off some $17 billion of farmers’ debts; and concluded a nuclear agreement with the US to meet India’s growing energy needs. The employment programme and debt waivers were popular, although the opposition accused the UPA of corrupt implementation. But Singh also showed the electorate that the Congress Party could shepherd a fractious coalition to offer a stable government for a full term. Every pre-election opinion poll gave the Congress Party the
Barrier and Surface Properties of Polyurethane-Epoxy Interpenetrating Polymer Networks,

The chemical and physical combination of two or more structurally dissimilar polymers has been of commercial and academic interest for a number of years, since it provides a convenient route for the modification of properties to meet specific needs. It has been used commercially to impart processing, flexibility, tensile and impact strength, chemical resistance, weatherability, flammability resistance, and a variety of other properties (1–4). The physical properties of the combined polymers not only depend on the properties of the constituent polymers but also on the way they are combined.
Patient opinions on prostate cancer screening are swayed by the United States preventative services task force recommendations

Objective To survey patient opinions on prostate cancer (PCa) screening in light of the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommendation against its use. Methods We conducted a survey of all-comers to urology and primary care clinics. Participants provided demographic information and responded to a 5-item questionnaire regarding their opinions on screening before and after reading opposing position statements. Results The overall response rate was 48%. After excluding incomplete questionnaires, 54 surveys were available for analysis. Patients were predominantly white, middle-aged and older, college-educated men with middle-to-upper-middle-class incomes who were seen at urology clinics. Patients rated their “pre” level of understanding of screening recommendations as good or very good (52%), okay (30%), and poor (19%). After reading the information sheets, good or very good understanding of screening recommendations improved (65%; P = .05), and agreement with the importance of screening remained high (80%). However, nearly 20% of patients expressed a more neutral or less favorable attitude toward the risk-benefit ratio of screening ( P = .09). Agreement that men should undergo screening, that screening helps detect cancer, and that screening saves lives remained high, regardless of the exposure. Conclusion Overall, patients favor PCa screening, but heightened awareness of the current controversy raises concerns about its potential harms. PCa screening is a complex issue, and insight into changing public opinion will be crucial to our future discussions with patients who are wrestling with the decision whether to undergo screening.
Does Resident Hours Reduction Have an Impact on Surgical Outcomes?1

Background We assessed the impact of restricting surgical resident work hours as required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), on postoperative outcomes. Materials and methods The divisions of General and Vascular Surgery at the Michael E. DeBakey Houston Veteran Affairs Medical Center implemented a limited work hours schedule effective October 1, 2002. We compared the rate of postoperative morbidity and mortality before and after the new schedule. Clinical data were collected by the VA National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) for the periods of October 1, 2001 to September 30, 2002 (preintervention), and October 1, 2002 to September 30, 2003 (postintervention). We assessed risk-adjusted observed to expected (O/E) ratios of mortality and prespecified postoperative morbidity for each study period. Results In the preintervention period, there were 405 general surgery and 202 vascular surgery cases as compared to 382 and 208 cases, respectively in the postintervention period. There were no significant differences in mortality O/E ratios between the pre- and postintervention periods (0.63 versus 0.60 in general surgery; 0.78 versus 0.81 in vascular surgery; P = 0.90 and 0.94, respectively) or in morbidity O/E ratios (1.06 versus 1.27 in general surgery; 1.47 versus 1.50 in vascular surgery; P = 0.20 and 0.90, respectively). Conclusion The restricted resident work hour schedule in general and vascular surgery in our facility did not significantly affect postoperative outcomes.
SODIUM ION-DEPENDENT (N-METHYLAMINO)-α-ISOBUTRYIC ACID UPTAKE BY EMBRYONIC CHICK CELLS EXPOSED TO ETHANOL IN OVO: RESPONSE TO THE STIMULATION/DOWNREGULATION OF PROTEIN KINASES

Amino acid uptake, critical for embryonic development, was studied in cultured chick cells isolated from 5-day-old chick embryos that had received treatment in ovo with either vehicle (sterile chick Ringer's solution) or vehicle plus ethanol (1.5 g/kg). Upon being placed in culture, the cells were grown in the absence of ethanol per se. The uptake of (N-methylamino)-alpha-isobutyric [correction of isobutryic] acid (AIB) was used to estimate amino acid uptake via system A, a Na+-dependent system that transports short-chain amino acids. The uptake of AIB in cultured chick embryo cells in response to the stimulation/downregulation of three protein kinases [tyrosine kinase, cyclic AMP-dependent kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC)] was determined. Acute activation of PKC by treatment of the cells with a phorbol ester (TPA) inhibited Na+-dependent AIB uptake. Conversely, treatment of the cells with TPA for 24 h, to downregulate PKC activity, significantly increased AIB uptake. The data suggest that in these cells, PKC plays an important role in the regulation of amino acid uptake via system A. Activation of PKA via treatment of the cells with forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, had little effect on AIB uptake in cells from vehicle-treated embryos and only a slight depressing effect on uptake by cells from ethanol-treated embryos. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) both stimulated AIB uptake, but the higher concentrations of insulin necessary to increase uptake to a level comparable to that of IGF-1 stimulation suggested that insulin could be acting through the IGF-1 receptor. Thus, while AIB uptake by cells of in ovo ethanol-treated embryos was significantly increased by treatment with either insulin or IGF-1, IGF-1 appeared to be the more physiologically important compound in the chick embryo. Overall, there was a consistent trend for cells isolated from in ovo ethanol-treated embryos to have higher levels of AIB uptake relative to cells isolated from vehicle-treated embryos, regardless of the in vitro treatment.
Magnetic Effects associated with Bright Solar Eruptions and Radio Fade-Outs

THE association of certain disturbances of the earth’ s magnetic field with bright hydrogen eruptions in the neighbourhood of sunspots, first indicated by Prof. Young, led to the conclusion that the solar effect was propagated to the earth with the velocity of light. Fresh impetus has been given these investigations by the observation of extensive radio fade-outs reported by Dellinger1, at whose request special spectroheliograms were made at the Mount Wilson Observatory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, to investigate possible correlations2. A notable fade-out, a marked magnetic and earth-current disturbance, and an unusually bright hydrogen eruption on the sun, all occurring simultaneously, were observed from 16h 45m to 17h 03m, G.M.T., on April 8, 1936, at the Huancayo (Peru) Magnetic Observatory of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington3 and elsewhere. Since then, two other pronounced similar occurrences, one on August 25 and another on November 6, have been reported from the Observatory4, 5, and many instances of a less conspicuous nature have occurred6.
Outcomes and Complications Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in the Super-Obese Patient, BMI > 50

The results of total hip arthroplasty in 42 primary total hip arthroplasties in super-obese patients (BMI ≥ 50) were reviewed. The mean body mass index for the study group was 53.2 kg/m(2) (range 50-64). The mean preoperative Harris hip score improved from 35 to 74.8 postoperatively (P<0.001). Twenty-four of the THAs had at least one complication. At least one major complication occurred in 11 of the THAs and at least one minor complication in 14 THAs When compared to matched 2:1 control group the super-obese patient had a significantly increased risk to experience a complication (HR 5.6 , CI = 2.8-11.0). Caution should be used when proceeding with primary total hip arthroplasty with a BMI greater than 50.
POLANYI'S VIEW OF RELIGION IN PERSONAL KNOWLEDGE: A RESPONSE TO RICHARD GELWICK

. This paper shows from a close textual study that, although Michael Polanyi used the term “reality” in a generically similar way for what provided the external pole in the natural sciences, mathematics, art, and religion, he consistently made, in Personal Knowledge as well as in later published and unpublished works, a distinction between realities existing independently of our articulate systems in the natural sciences and those existing only in the articulate systems of mathematics, art, and religion. This difference is shown to be the basis for a controversy as to whether or not he should be regarded as a Christian.
Audiotape Self-Confrontation in Group Psychotherapy:

Numerous benefits have been attributed to use of playback during psychotherapy. To test its usefulness, 24 inmates at a federal women's prison were randomly divided into an audiotape-playback group, a regular therapy group, and a non-therapy control group. All Ss were administered a Q-sort measure immediately before and following a 6-wk. therapy or control period. The three groups did not significantly differ on any of the three Q-sort indices used. Taped excerpts from the two experimental groups showed that the playback Ss were significantly more verbally productive per unit of time, and it was suggested that playback may have affected the process but not the outcome of psychotherapy.
Net directed 180° aryl-aryl bond rotation in a prototypical achiral biaryl lactone synthetic molecular motor

Abstract Net directed 180° bond rotation was achieved through diastereoselective ring-opening reactions in an achiral biaryl lactone using a chiral nucleophile followed by re-lactonization. The efficiency of the directed bond rotation has been determined by HPLC–MS to be 50% and 20% with two different chiral nucleophiles. These results demonstrate the potential for a prototype of a chemically driven synthetic molecular motor which has the advantages of both simplicity and flexibility in operation and is the first example of the use of a chiral auxiliary to induce transient axial chirality resulting in net directed bond rotation.
Active Role of a Germylene Ligand in Promoting Reactions of Platinum Complexes with Oxygen and Sulfur Dioxide.

The reaction of (Et3P)2PtGe[N(SiMe3)2]2 with dioxygen yields (Et3P)2Pt(μ-η2-O2)Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 (1). Exposure of 1 to light resulted in a rearrangement to (Et3P)2PtO2Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 (2a), the first example of a bidentate, dianionic germanate ligand. The isomerization was judged to occur via an intramolecular O−O bond scission and rotation of the Pt−Ge bond. No free germylene was detected, and the reaction was found to be zero order. An analogue of 2a was prepared by direct reaction of (Ph3P)2PtO2 with Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 yielding (Ph3P)2PtO2Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 (2b). Addition of SO2 to 1 results in the formation of the bridging sulfate (Et3P)2Pt(μ-η2-SO4)Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 (3). An infrared spectroscopy study of the sulfate reaction was performed using oxygen-18. The results indicate that direct insertion of SO2 into the O−O bond does not occur. Formaldehyde was also observed to insert into the Pt−O bond of 1 giving (Et3P)2Pt(μ-η2-OCH2OO)Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 (5).
Platelet dysfunction in homozygous beta-thalassemia.

Summary: This report details the results of studies performed in nine patients with homozygous β-thalassemia evaluating platelet function and prostaglandin formation. Platelet malonyldialdehyde (MDA) formation in the presence of N-ethyl maleimide (NEM 1 mM) or thrombin (0.5 u/ml) was used as an indicator of platelet prostaglandin synthesis. The data on the nine patients revealed two distinct subgroups of patients. Six of nine thalassemics, demonstrated platelet abnormalities. Their mean bleeding time was 7.5 ± 2.5 min (1 SD), significantly prolonged (P < 0.005) when compared to a value of 3.5 ± 1.0 min in normal controls. MDA formation in the presence of NEM was significantly decreased (P < 0.005) to 2.41 ± 0.49 (1 SD) when compared to a control value of 3.24 ± 033 nmoles MDA/10***9 platelets. Similarly, the mean value for thrombin induced MDA was 0.98 ± 0.18 nmoles which was decreased (P < 0.02) when compared to a value of 1.26 ± 0.2 in the controls. Platelet aggregations with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, and collagen were abnormal in all six patients. However, when platelets from these patients were mixed with platelets from donors who had ingested aspirin 2–8 hr before donation mutual correction and secondary irreversible aggregation of the mixture resulted. No mutual correction was observed when the thalassemic platelets were preincubated with aspirin in vitro before mixing with platelets from donors who had recently ingested aspirin. Although the total amount of platelet malonyldialdehyde formed by the thalassemic platelets in response to NEM and thrombin was decreased when compared to normal controls, this reduction was not the cause of the platelet aggregation abnormalities. This appears to be so because the amount of MDA, and, thus, prostaglandin endoperoxides synthesized by these platelets in response to external stimuli was sufficient to cause irreversible aggregation of platelets from donors who had recently ingested aspirin, and were, therefore, unable to synthesize their own endogenous platelet endoperoxides. In the remaining three patients, bleeding times, platelet aggregation, and MDA formation was normal. No correlation was observed between the platelet abnormalities noted and the magnitude of iron overload, presence of fibrin degradation products, liver function abnormalities, or the use of iron chelators in the individual patient. Family studies were normal. Although the platelet dysfunction does not appear to be of major significance in the usual patient with thalassemia major under normal circumstances, antiplatelet aggregating agents should be used with caution. Aspirin inhibits platelet endoperoxide and prostaglandin formation and this effect may potentiate the platelet dysfunction present in some patients with thalassemia major. Speculation: Platelet dysfunction in homozygous β-thalassemia does not appear to be due to the decrease in platelet malonyldialdehyde formation and, thus, platelet endoperoxide formation. The platelet dysfunctional state may be linked with a plasma inhibitory effect.
Surgical treatment of utricular cyst in male child.

Abstract A simple technique for management of utricular cyst is presented. Essentially the technique consists of putting a Fogarty balloon catheter in the cyst through a perineal urethrostomy and inflating the balloon to fill the cyst completely. Using a miniature resectoscope, the septum the cyst wall and prostatic urethra is resected widely until the Fogarty balloon is completely visualized in the prostatic urethra.
The coadsorption of potassium and co on the pt(111) crystal surface: A TDS, HREELS and UPS study

Abstract The interaction of CO with a potassium covered Pt(111) surface is investigated using thermal desorption (TDS), high resolution electron energy loss (HREELS) and ultraviolet photoelectron (UPS) spectroscopies. When submonolayer amounts of potassium are preadsorbed, the adsorption energy of CO increases from 25 to 36 kcal/mole, while substantial shifts in the site occupancy from the linear to the bridged site are observed. The CO stretching vibrational frequencies are shown to decrease continuously with either increasing potassium coverage or decreasing CO coverage. A minimum CO stretching frequency of 1400 cm −1 is observed, indicative of a CO bond order of 1.5. The work function decreases by up to 4.5 eV at submonolayer potassium coverages, but then increases by 1.5 eV upon CO co-adsorption. The results indicate that the large adsorption energy, vibrational frequency and work function changes are due to molecular CO adsorption with a substantial charge donation from potassium through the platinum substrate and into the 2π ∗ CO orbital.
A test for artifactual effects in an attitude similarity/interpersonal attraction study

Both a direct and indirect measure were used in order to assess subjects’ awareness of attitude similarity or dissimilarity between themselves and strangers. Although there was an attitude similarity/interpersonal attraction effect, there were no significant differences between the aware and unaware subjects either in their attraction toward the strangers or in the correctness of their recall of the strangers’ attitudes.
Frontal-lobe dysfunction and antisocial behavior: A review

Despite the many functions attributed to the frontal-lobe in previous writings and studies, empirically derived and reliable frontal-lobe abilities are limited and specific. Research that examines frontal-lobe dysfunction (as evidenced by neuropsychological tests that measure these specific abilities) and its relationship to antisocial behavior is reviewed. Frontal-lobe dysfunction is discussed in the context of the "minimal brain dysfunction" hypothesis of criminal behavior. Three studies reviewed examine criminal behavior, three examine specifically violent criminal behavior, and three focus on psychopathy. The nature of the research reviewed leaves the relationship between frontal-lobe neuropsychological dysfunction and crime open to further study.
Flocking generators: A PdE framework for stability of smart grids with communications

Power system stability, with the aid of communication infrastructure, is studied using the frameworks of flocking and partial difference equation (PdE). The system dynamics are described using PdE, which reflects the power network topology. Cases of communications with negligible or non-negligible delays are both considered. Conditions of system stability are derived, based on which an algorithm for designing the communication network is proposed. The conclusions are demonstrated using numerical simulations.
Radiologic Safety: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Recommendations

Abstract Exposure to ionizing radiation poses many risks and dangers to health care workers. Radiology nurses are particularly vulnerable to its damaging effects. Radiologic principles and practices are not addressed in the required curricula of most generic nursing programs for licensure as a registered nurse. Radiology nurses must learn these principles and practices through staff development, continuing education, or on-the-job mentoring. With this article, the reader should gain a historical perspective of notorious radiation accidents occurring in the past century and learn about biologic effects of radiation exposure. Common radiologic terminology is defined, and Compton scatter and secondary radiation are discussed. Information useful to radiology nurses to minimize their exposure is presented.
A rapid and sensitive quantitation method of endogenous morphine in human plasma

Endogenous morphine is found at very low levels (pg/ml) in human plasma. Without technical modification, the usual techniques, i.e., RIA or HPLC, can not directly detect its presence. As a result the initial purification process is very crucial. In this report we demonstrate this opiate alkaloids determination in 2 ml of human plasma. Following an acidified precipitation of proteins in plasma, a solid-phase extraction, Sep-pak collection, was employed to concentrate the endogenous morphine. The extract was dissolved in a pH 8.9 phosphate buffer and then extracted into an organic solvent (chloroform and isopropyl alcohol). The initially purified sample was separated by HPLC and detected with an electrochemical detector of 500 mV and 0.02 Hz. The results showed that the recovery of morphine by this technique was 86+5.7%, and the sensitivity was 50 pg/ml. Compared to the detection sensitivity of the HPLC (2 ng/ml), this method increased the detection limit by 40-fold. With this method the concentration of endogenous morphine in plasma was determined as 80 pg/ml.
Long-Term Effects of Parental Divorce on Love Relationships: Divorce as Attachment Disruption

This study is an exploration of the long-term effects of parental divorce on a person's romantic relationships. Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969a) suggests that parental divorce in itself may not cause poor romantic relationships, but rather, growing up with poor parent-child relationships and protracted interparental conflict may be what is most destructive to subsequent romantic relationships. Seventy-eight college students with divorced parents and a control group of 94 students from non-divorced households responded to a questionnaire assessing early experiences with parents and with any other individual besides a biological parent, called a `parent-substitute' who the subjects reported was `like a mother or father to them' while growing up (e.g. a stepparent, grandparent, older sibling, etc.). The questionnaire also assessed the perceived level of interparental conflict between the biological parents, and the subjects' current style of relating in romantic love relationships. A stepwise multiple regre...
Interhemispheric communication of visual learning

Abstract Variable partial midline surgery on monkeys has revealed several characteristics of interhemispheric communication of visually learned pattern discriminations. The results show both that interhemispheric communication of visual information in the commissure-intact animal need not be immediate, and that when communication does occur transmission involves specific forebrain commissural components.
Steady state multiplicity of adiabatic gas-liquid reactors: II. The two consecutive reactions case

A model describing two consecutive gas-liquid reactors in a continously stirred-tank reactor is developed with reaction factors used to account for the interactions between the chemical and transport rate processes. A parametric numerical study revealed several interesting effects, including the existence of up to seven steady state solutions. The predictions of the model adequately describe the steady state multiplicity observed during the chlorination of liquid n-decane. It is shown that the steady state multiplicity can serve as an excellent tool for discriminating among rival models and estimation of kinetic parameters.