cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TMDL implementation in agricultural landscapes: A communicative and systemic approach

Increasingly, total maximum daily load (TMDL) limits are being defined for agricultural watersheds. Reductions in non-point source pollution are often needed to meet TMDL limits, and improvements in management of annual crops appear insufficient to achieve the necessary reductions. Increased adoption of perennial crops and other changes in agricultural land use also appear necessary, but face major barriers. We outline a novel strategy that aims to create new economic opportunities for land-owners and other stakeholders and thereby to attract their voluntary participation in land-use change needed to meet TMDLs. Our strategy has two key elements. First, focused efforts are needed to create new economic enterprises that capitalize on the productive potential of multifunctional agriculture (MFA). MFA seeks to produce a wide range of goods and ecosystem services by well-designed deployment of annual and perennial crops across agricultural landscapes and watersheds; new revenue from MFA may substantially finance land-use change needed to meet TMDLs. Second, efforts to capitalize on MFA should use a novel methodology, the Communicative/Systemic Approach (C/SA). C/SA uses an integrative GIS-based spatial modeling framework for systematically assessing tradeoffs and synergies in design and evaluation of multifunctional agricultural landscapes, closely linked to deliberation and design processes by which multiple stakeholders can collaboratively create appropriate and acceptable MFA landscape designs. We anticipate that application of C/SA will strongly accelerate TMDL implementation, by aligning the interests of multiple stakeholders whose active support is needed to change agricultural land use and thereby meet TMDL goals.
Harriette Simpson Arnow's Authorial Testimony: Toward a Reading of The Dollmaker

(1995). Harriette Simpson Arnow's Authorial Testimony: Toward a Reading of The Dollmaker. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 211-223.
Abstract 3687: Curcumin both inactivates and induces selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase: dual regulation influences curcumin-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Curcumin induces growth inhibition and cell death in various prostate cancer cell types. The exact mechanism is not known. Previous studies have shown that selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TR) is a molecular target for curcumin, which inactivates this enzyme by covalently reacting with its selenocysteine residue. This modification converts this reductase into an oxidase, causing the production of superoxide radicals. Since TR either protects cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death or induces oxidative stress after its modification by curcumin, we determined whether the expression of this enzyme is altered by curcumin treatment. TR from cell extracts of both androgen-dependent LNCaP and androgen-independent DU145 cells was eluted in two peaks (designated as peak 1 and peak 2) during DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Upon treatment with curcumin for 5 h, peak 1 TR activity was substantially decreased in both cell types. Nevertheless, peak 2 TR activity was unaffected by curcumin treatment during this period. Curcumin as low as 10 μM inactivated peak 1 activity in intact cells. Conversely, upon prolonged treatment (24 h), curcumin (5 to 25 μM) induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in TR activity in both peak 1 and peak 2. Curcumin concentrations as low as 10 μM were enough to induce an increase in TR activity in DU145 cells. Western immunoblot analysis revealed a two-fold increase in both cytosolic isoenzyme TR1 and mitochondrial TR2 upon treatment with curcumin for 24 h. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine minimized curcumin-induced cell death, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in this process. N-Acetylcysteine also blocked the curcumin-induced increase in TR, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the induction of TR as well. As an adaptive response to oxidative stress, cells may be inducing TR to minimize cell death. However, this study cannot exclude the possibility that the induced TR, after covalent modification by curcumin, plays an opposite role to induce cell death. Nonetheless, this possibility is unlikely given that neither TR activity nor immunoreactive protein were elevated with 50 μM curcumin which frankly induced apoptosis in these cell types. It is thus most likely that induced TR exposed to low concentrations (5 to 20 μM) of curcumin inhibits cell death. This is particularly important that the plasma concentration of curcumin is lower than that required to induce cell death in vitro. Therefore, it is possible that agents that prevent induction of TR may sensitize prostate cancer cells to curcumin. This study was supported by the National Cancer Institute grant CA099216. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3687. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3687
Hydrogen burning of 20Ne and 22Ne in stars

Abstract The 20 Ne(p, γ) 21 Na capture reaction has been studied in the energy range E p = 0.37–2.10 MeV. Direct-capture transitions to the 332 ( 5 2 + ) and 2425 keV ( 1 2 + ) states have been found with spectroscopic factors of C 2 S (1d) = 0.77±0.13 and C 2 S (2s) = 0.90±0.12, respectively. The high-energy tail of the 2425 keV state, bound by 7 keV against proton decay, has also been observed in the above energy range as a subthreshold resonance. The excitation function for this tail is consistent with a single-level Breit-Wigner shape for a γ-width of Γ γ = 0.31±0.07 eV at E x = 2425 keV. The extrapolation of these data to stellar energies gives an astrophysical S -factor of S (0) = 3500 keV · b. Two new resonances at E p = 384±5 and 417± 5 keV have been observed with strengths of ωγ = 0.11±0.02 and 0.06±0.01 meV, corresponding to the known states at E x (J π) = 2798 ( 1 2 − ) and 2829 keV (presumably 9 2 + ), respectively. For the known E p = 1830 keV resonance, a strength of ωγ = 1.0± 0.3 eV and a total width of Γ = 180± 15 keV were found. Branching ratios as well as transition strengths have been obtained for these three states. The Q -value for the 20 Ne(p, γ ) 21 Na reaction ( Q = 2432.3 ± 0.5 keV) as well as excitation energies for many low-lying states in 21 Na have been measured. No evidence was found for the existence of the state reported at E x = 4308±4 keV. In the case of 22 Ne(p, γ) 23 Na, direct-capture transitions to six final bound states have been observed revealing sizeable spectroscopic factors for these states. The astrophysical S -factor extrapolated from these data to stellar energies, is S (0) = 67 ± 12 keV · b. The astrophysical as well as the nuclear structure aspects of the present results are discussed.
Interregional Competition for Eggs

Abstract An interregional competition model for the U.S. egg industry is developed. The model is used to examine the effect of a change in the marketing costs, due to proposed Salmonella enteritidis (Se) regulations for eggs, on interregional egg markets. In addition, an increase in the demand for eggs is examined to see which production regions would benefit from increased production and prices. The quantity of eggs consumed is not sensitive to supply induced changes (such as the change in egg processing costs caused by potential Se regulations). In contrast, the quantity of eggs supplies is quit sensitive to demand induced changes according to those specified for the model.
Stability of time-delay systems

A direct method is presented for determining both local and regional stability of systems described by nonlinear differential-difference equations. Prediction of stability is with respect to a general class of initial curves. The practical as well as the conservative nature of the procedure is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Do chronic conditions increase young children's risk of being maltreated?

Abstract Objective To examine whether and to what extent specific chronic health conditions place young children at risk of maltreatment. Methods The study used a sample of Illinois children (born between January 1990 and March 1996) who were through age 3 continuously enrolled in Medicaid, a public health insurance program for low-income families. The study used “paid claims” data and ICD-9-CM health codes to identify children with one or more of three chronic conditions: chronic physical illness, developmental delay/mental retardation (dd/mr), and behavior/mental health conditions (b/mh). The analysis used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the risk of substantiated child maltreatment that each of these health conditions confer on children under age 6. Results Among children under age 6, 24.1% had chronic physical health conditions, 6.1% had b/mh conditions, and 4.2% had dd/mr. Among the children, 11.7% were maltreated (abused or neglected). Children with b/mh conditions were 1.95 times more likely than children without such conditions to be victims of child abuse or neglect. Children with chronic physical health conditions were 1.1 time more likely to be maltreated (p ≤ .001). In contrast, children with dd/mr were not at an increased risk of maltreatment. Further, if the child had a prior history of abuse or neglect before age 3 and was also diagnosed with a behavioral health condition, that child was 10 times more likely to be maltreated again (relative risk of 9.2, p ≤ .0001). Conclusions Behavioral/mental health conditions placed low-income children under age 6 at the highest risk of abuse or neglect. Developmental delay/mental retardation, however, did not appear to increase the risk of maltreatment, while chronic physical health conditions increased the risk slightly among this group of children. Therefore, identified behavior/mental health in young, low-income children should be considered a risk factor for potential abuse to pediatricians and other health professionals. Child protection agencies should be trained to identify behavioral/mental health conditions of children. Practice implications Chronic behavioral/mental health conditions place young children at heightened risk of abuse or neglect. Early detection of mental or psychosocial health conditions is mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), a federal law that governs how state and public agencies provide services to children with disabilities. Given the higher risk of abuse and neglect among children with behavioral/mental health conditions, clinicians should give added scrutiny to these children. Child protection agencies should also be trained to identify behavioral/mental health conditions, and more states should record disability status in their abuse records.
Nonlinear boundary value problems and multicomponent distillation

Abstract Multicomponent distillation is essentially a nonlinear boundary value problem in difference equations. Different computational approaches can be developed based on the choice of different parameters as the unknown variables, different stages as the initial stage, and different methods to solve the difference equations. In this work, these different aspects are explored. One particular interesting approach is to choose the ( m − 1) liquid phase concentrations and total liquid molal rate as the unknowns, where m is the number of components in the system. This approach results in a system of nonlinear simultaneous mixed difference and algebraic equations and presents some interesting computational problems.
A numerical simulation of viscous flows in collapsible tubes with stenoses

Abstract A finite element method with streamline diffusion for solving a nonlinear mathematical model with free moving boundary is developed to study the viscous flows in collapsible tubes. In this model, governing equations are incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The moving boundary is determined by a tube law concerning effects of both circumferentia and longitudinal tensions. The free moving boundary problem is numerically solved by a finite element method with boundary iterations. The numerical solutions show that both circumferentia and longitudinal tensions affect the motion of the tube wall, therefore affect the contraction and expansion of the tube. Relationships of the stenosis severity and flow data, such as flow rate and flow pressure, are obtained from numerical results. Applications of this model include the studies of the blood flow in arteries with stenosis and the air flow in the airways, which are of potential diagnostic significance.
Intelligent agents in home healthcare

The percentage of the population who are elderly will significantly increase over the next decade due to the aging of the baby-boom generation, putting additional stress on healthcare. The elderly are at higher risk for many disorders, especially cardiac-related problems and diminishing mental capacity. The impact will be felt in various domains, including additional pressures on existing infrastructure and increasing per capita costs for medical care. A potential approach to alleviate these problems is the implementation of home healthcare using new technologies. With remote interventions, the patient can remain at home, not only reducing costs but also benefiting from a familiar environment and support of family members. Methods are outlined that can contribute to the delivery of home healthcare in the areas of monitoring and support using intelligent agent methodologies. The methods are illustrated in two distinct applications: support and intervention for patients with dementia and remote monitoring of cardiac conditions. The methods outlined can also be adapted for use in other areas.
Current schemes for National Synchrotron Light Source UV beamlines

Abstract We describe in some detail four beamlines proposed for the National Synchrotron Light Source UV ring at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Three grazing incidence instruments, one of the plane grating Mijake type and two with toroidal gratings at grazing angles of 2 1 2 ° and 15°, are described. Two normal incidence instruments, one using the source as entrance slit and accepting 75 mrad horizontally, are also discussed. In each case we have estimated the output fluxes expected from such beamlines.
Potassium Ion Mediated Living and Controlled Anionic Polymerization of 2-Vinylnaphthalene (2VN). Synthesis of P2VN-b-poly(α-methylstyrene) and P2VN-b-poly(9,9-dimethyl-2-vinylfluorene) Block Copolymers

The anionic polymerization is reported of 2-vinylnaphthalene (2VN) initiated with potassium naphthalide (K-Naph), potassium 1,1,4,4,7,7,10,10-octamethyl-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10-octahydronaphthacene (K-OMOHN), and α-methylstyryldipotassium oligomers (AMS-K2) in tetrahydrofuran at −78 °C. Narrow molecular weight distributions are obtained with good agreement of calculated and observed molecular weights. It is also possible to prepare poly(2-vinylnaphthalene) (P2VN) of very high molecular weight (as high as 90 000) and narrow polydispersity indices (PDI as low as 1.06). Under the above conditions, the P2VN-K2 has a shelf life exceeding 1 h as indicated by polymerization resumption experiments giving P2VN with statistical narrowing of the molecular weight distribution. The living character of the P2VN-K2 dianion was also demonstrated by the synthesis of narrow molecular weight distribution poly(α-methylstyrene)-b-P2VN-b-poly(α-methylstyrene), P2VN-b-poly(α-methylstyrene)-b-P2VN, and poly(9,9-dimethyl-2-vinylfluorene...
"Melting" of frustrated spins: Mechanism for reentrant ferromagnetic-spin-glass behavior.

The local mean-field equations are solved for $\mathrm{XY}$ spins on a square lattice with competing nearest-neighbor interactions. For a model with randomly chosen frustrated sites, on lowering the temperature one finds the following sequence of phases: paramagnet; nonuniform ferromagnet; noncollinear, nonuniform ferromagnet; reentrant spin-glass. The reentrant transition occurs via the mechanism of frustrated-spin "melting." For randomly chosen negative bonds it is more difficult to obtain reentrance and to provide a physical explanation.
Some properties of locally conformal symplectic structures

We show that the \( d_{\omega} \)-cohomology is isomorphic to a conformally invariant usual de Rham cohomology of an appropriate cover. We also prove a Moser theorem for locally conformal symplectic (lcs) forms. We point out a connection between lcs geometry and contact geometry. Finally, we show the connections between first kind, second kind, essential, inessential, local, and global conformal symplectic structures through several invariants.
Determination of the absolute stereospecificity of the enzymatic reduction of NAD+ analogs by means of the primary acid cyclization reaction

Abstract NADH, (3-acetylpyridine)ADH, (3-thionicotinamide)ADH and (pyridine-3-aldehyde)ADH were labeled with deuterium by the B specific enzyme lipoyl dehydrogenase. The primary acid rearrangement products, α-O2′-6B cyclotetra-hydropyridine adenine dinucleotides, of the respective reduced coenzyme analogs were synthesized by incubation at pH 2–2.5. Analysis of the spin-spin coupling constants of the 220 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectra establishes that the structure of the ribose-tetrahydropyridine linkage of these analogs is the same as that of the primary acid product of NADH. All four specifically labeled dinucleotides possess the identical absolute configuration at the C4 position with respect to the deuterium label, establishing that the three coenzyme analogs are reduced by lipoyl dehydrogenase with the same absolute stereospecificity as NAD+. The primary acid reaction is described as a general method for the determination of the absolute configuration at the C4 position of specifically labeled β-1,3-substituted, 1,4 dihydropyridine nucleotides.
The determinants of illusory-contour perception.

The term ‘illusory contours' refers to contours perceived where none physically exist. Three hypotheses that have been successful in their ability to account for this phenomenon invoke: (i) apparent depth; (ii) brightness contrast; and (iii) use of figural cues. An experiment has been designed to determine the extent to which each hypothesis accounts for the overall variation in subjects' responses to illusory contours when all three hypotheses are considered simultaneously. Experimental results suggest that different processes may assume a primary role in the perception of illusory contours depending upon the type of inducing area and the configuration. The results highlight the multifaceted nature of the processes involved, and indicate that no single theory can explain the perception of illusory contours.
Synthetic C-terminal peptide of IL-1 functions as a binding domain as well as an antagonist for the IL-1 receptor.

Fragments of IL-1 β were chemically synthesized and tested for biological activity as well as binding of radiolabelled peptides to the IL-1 receptor. A peptide from the extreme C-terminal region of IL-1 β was found to antagonize intact, native IL-1 β in the thymocyte bioassay. In addition, this C-terminal region peptide, when radiolabelled, can function as a ligand for the IL-1 receptor on murine cell lines and effectively compete with intact radiolabelled recombinant IL-1 β .
Acoustic Waveform Energy as an Interconnect Damage Indicator

The industry standard process for determining safe assembly bending levels uses failure analysis following destructive stress testing to determine solder joint damage – a time-consuming and expensive process. Modal acoustic emission detection has been used to indicate the initiation of interconnect damage based on the energy of the waveforms, where a sudden increase in energy was observed at strain levels corresponding to interconnect damage. The test method and results are presented, and the use of event waveform energy is discussed.
The bipartite clique: a topological paradigm for WWWeb user search customization

Web user search customization research has been fueled by the recognition that if the WWW is to attain to its optimal potential as an interactive medium the development of new and/or improved Web resource classification (page identification, referencing, indexing, etc) and retrieval/delivery systems supportive of and responsive to user preference is of prime importance. User preference, as it relates to a Web user's search agenda, entails maintaining the user as director of his search and expert as to which Web pages are relevant. In our work Web usage and Web structure mining are employed in a theoretically skillful way to produce a strongly connected virtual bipartite clique (biclique) search neighborhood of high quality pages of relevance to the Web user's search objective. Our algorithm is designed to exploit linkage data inherent in Web access logs using the Combined Log Format (CBLF) to assemble a referer partite set of pages consistent with the user's preference and search intent (members: user's initial choice of a Web resource/page and other relevant authority-type pages) and a request partite set (members: pages with incoming links from the referer partite). The Web user's initial page of choice becomes the first member of the referer partite and gatekeeper to the biclique neighborhood. Our algorithm uses a Web site's collective user's history (log entries) in a collaborative manner to identify and further qualify pages of relevance for membership in the appropriate partite set. Web user search customization strategically fostered by our algorithm enhances the efficiency and productivity of a Web user's activity in three ways: (1) it delivers high quality pages organized hierarchically to facilitate the user's ready assessment of the Web site's benefit to his search objective, thus minimizing time spent at an unfruitful site, (2) it facilitates ease of navigation in either breadth-first, depth-first or a combination of the two, and (3) it nullifies time spent locating and traversing paths to pages hosted in much-to-large distributed search environments.
Phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data reveal major clades within the perennial, endemic western North American Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae1

Abstract The taxonomy and phylogeny of the perennial North American Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae endemic to western North America (north of Mexico) have posed great challenges to systematists. Available classifications based on morphological characters are in general inconsistent and unsatisfactory, and cladistic analyses based on these data are limited to only a few taxa and a small number of characters. In this study, we scored 54 morphological characters from 123 taxa of North American Apioideae (representing 111 species in 21 genera) to construct an estimate of phylogenetic relationships and to compare the results obtained with those inferred for the group through previous studies using molecular data. The morphological and combined (morphological and molecular) datasets were analyzed using maximum parsimony (with equal, proportional, and successive approximations weighting strategies and Goloboff fit criterion applied to the morphological characters) and Bayesian approaches. Phylogenetic trees derive...
BER Analysis of STBC-OFDM Wireless Systems with RF Impairments and Imperfect Channel Estimation with Application to IEEE 802.16e

In this paper, we investigate the effects of RF impairments and imperfect channel estimation (ICE) on the performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) wireless systems with transmit diversity for Space-Time Block Codes (STBC) employing Nt : Nt ∈ (2, 3, 4) transmit antennas and one receive antenna in a Rayleigh fading environ- ment. The bit error rate (BER) expressions of the OSTBC-OFDM system is derived for each transmit-receive antenna configuration in the presence of phase noise and channel estimation errors. With emphasis on complex signal constellations, we further investigate the effect of doppler on the performance of OSTBC- OFDM for different code rates R :1 /2 ≤ R ≤ 1, including maximal-rate OSTBC codes. To illustrate the extent of system degradation due to these impairments on a proposed practical system, the presented results are verified through simulations by making use of the system parameters from the IEEE802.16e standard.
Characterization Of Complex Samples By Laser-Excited Matrix-Isolation Fluorescence Spectrometry

The use of laser-induced matrix-isolation fluorescence spectrometry for identification and quantification of individual fluorescent constituents of complex samples is surveyed. The advantages of matrix isolation are outlined, and the advantages of laser excitation in low-temperature fluorometry are discussed. The use of Shpol'skii matrices, optical site-selection techniques, and time resolution in matrix-isolation fluorometric analyses is considered. The relationship between selectivity and analytical detection limits in the fluorometric analysis of complex samples is emphasized.
Graphical interfaces for cooperative planning systems

Enroute flight planning (selecting alternate routes or destinations due to unanticipated weather, traffic, malfunctions, etc.) is being used as the context for studying the design of cooperative problem-solving systems. A testbed, Flight Planner, for studying computer aids for enroute flight path planning, is described. Its design is based on a cognitive task analysis of five airline flight crews in a simulator study. The testbed runs on a Macintosh II controlling three color monitors, and is being used to study the design of supports for both flight crews and dispatchers. Some of the design concepts being studied in this environment are discussed. >
Mapping from sound to meaning: reduced lexical activation in Broca's aphasics.

Recent studies of lexical access in Broca’s aphasics suggest that lexical activation levels are reduced in these patients. The present study compared the performance of Broca’s aphasics with that of normal subjects in an auditory semantic priming paradigm. Lexical decision times were measured in response to word targets preceded by an intact semantically related prime word (‘‘cat’’‐‘‘dog’’), by a related prime in which one segment was acoustically altered to produce a poorer phonetic exemplar (‘‘c*at’’‐‘‘dog’’), and by a semantically unrelated prime (‘‘ring’’‐‘‘dog’’). The effects of the locus of the acoustic distortion within the prime word (initial or final position) and the presence of potential lexical competitors (‘‘cat’’ φι /gaet/ versus ‘‘coat’’ φι ‘‘goat’’) were examined. In normal subjects, the acoustic manipulations produce a small, short-lived reduction in semantic facilitation irrespective of the position of the distortion in the prime word or the presence of a voiced lexical competitor. In contrast, Broca’s aphasics showed a large and lasting reduction in priming in response to word-initial acoustic distortions, but only a weak effect of word-final distortions on priming. In both phonetic positions, the effect of distortion was greater for prime words with a lexical competitor. These findings are compatible with the claim that Broca’s aphasics have reduced lexical activation levels, which may result in a disruption of the bottom-up access of words on the basis of acoustic input as well as increased vulnerability to competition between acoustically similar lexical items. ≈ 2001 Elsevier Science
Dimension and Space in Mathematics

English translation of Moritz Pasch,“Dimension und Raum in der Mathematik,” Annalen der Philosophie und philosophischen Kritik 5 (1925), pp. 109–120. Pasch continues the pre-axiomatic investigations of his “Prelude to Geometry” (Chapter 6 above) by characterizing bodies of 0, 1, 2, and 3 dimensions. He then discusses degrees (or “dimensions”) of polynomials and concludes by reviewing the fundamental structures of synthetic geometry and their counterparts in analytic geometry.
DOES SOCIAL CAPITAL PROMOTE SAFETY ON THE ROADS

I present evidence that social capital reduces traffic accidents and related death and injury, using data from a 10-year panel of 48 U.S. states. The econometric challenge is to distinguish the causal effects of social capital from bias resulting from its correlation with unobservable characteristics by state that influence road risks. I accomplish this by employing snow depth as an instrument, and by restricting attention to summertime accidents. My results show that social capital has a statistically significant and sizable negative effect on crashes, traffic fatalities, serious traffic injuries, and pedestrian fatalities that holds up across a range of specifications. (JEL R41, I18, Z13)
Time Keeps on Ticking: The Experience of Clinical Judgment

In this rejoinder, the authors respond to reactions by Ridley and Shaw-Ridley and by Lichtenberg to their meta-analysis on the effects of experience on clinical judgment decision making accuracy.
Mineral nutrient concentration and uptake by tomato irrigated with recirculating aquaculture water as influenced by quantity of fish waste products supplied

Abstract Fish and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production were linked in a recirculaing water system. Fish (tilapia) were fed a commercial diet with 32% protein. Tomato cultivars ‘Laura’ and ‘Kewalo’ were grown during summer 1988 and spring 1989, respectively, in a Raleigh, NC greenhouse. Plants were grown in biofilters at 4 plants/m2 and surface irrigated 8 times daily with water pumped from an associated fish tank. Four tank‐to‐biofllter ratios were established by varying the filter size. Each system received identical nutrient inputs and an equal quantity of water was applied per plant. Biofilter drainage returned to the tanks. Biological filtration, aeration, and mineral assimilation by plants maintained water quality within limits for tilapia. All nutrients were assimilated above deficiency levels. Tissue concentrations of N, P, K and Mg were not limiting. Calcium was low and S high when their sole nutrient source was fish waste. Micronutrients were assimilated in excess of sufficiency, but...
In Vivo Trafficking and Targeted Delivery of Magnetically Labeled Stem Cells

Targeted delivery of intravenously administered genetically altered cells or stem cells is still in an early stage of investigation. We developed a method of delivering iron oxide (ferumoxide)-labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to a targeted area in an animal model by applying an external magnet. Rats with or without an external magnet placed over the liver were injected intravenously with ferumoxide-labeled MSCs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity (SI) changes, iron concentration, and concentration of MSCs in the liver were monitored at different time points. SI decreased in the liver after injection of MSCs and returned gradually to that of control rat livers at approximately day 29. SI decreases were greater in rats with external magnets. Higher iron concentration and increased labeled cell numbers were detected in rat livers with external magnets. The external magnets influenced the movement of labeled MSCs such that the cells were retained in the region of interest. These results potentially open a new area of investigation for delivering stem cells or genetically altered cells.
California Men's Health Study (CMHS): a multiethnic cohort in a managed care setting.

We established a male, multiethnic cohort primarily to study prostate cancer etiology and secondarily to study the etiologies of other cancer and non-cancer conditions. Eligible participants were 45-to-69 year old males who were members of a large, prepaid health plan in California. Participants completed two surveys on-line or on paper in 2002 – 2003. Survey content included demographics; family, medical, and cancer screening history; sexuality and sexual development; lifestyle (diet, physical activity, and smoking); prescription and non-prescription drugs; and herbal supplements. We linked study data with clinical data, including laboratory, hospitalization, and cancer data, from electronic health plan files. We recruited 84,170 participants, approximately 40% from minority populations and over 5,000 who identified themselves as other than heterosexual. We observed a wide range of education (53% completed less than college) and income. PSA testing rates (75% overall) were highest among black participants. Body mass index (BMI) (median 27.2) was highest for blacks and Latinos and lowest for Asians, and showed 80.6% agreement with BMI from clinical data sources. The sensitivity and specificity can be assessed by comparing self-reported data, such as PSA testing, diabetes, and history of cancer, to health plan data. We anticipate that nearly 1,500 prostate cancer diagnoses will occur within five years of cohort inception. A wide variety of epidemiologic, health services, and outcomes research utilizing a rich array of electronic, biological, and clinical resources is possible within this multiethnic cohort. The California Men's Health Study and other cohorts nested within comprehensive health delivery systems can make important contributions in the area of men's health.
I Never Liked to Read or Write: A Formative Experiment on the Use of a Nonfiction-Focused Writing Workshop in a Fourth Grade Classroom

Utilizing a formative experiment, this study investigated how a nonfiction-focused writing workshop could be implemented to improve students' reading and writing. Eighteen students from a fourth grade class at a rural school in a large southeastern school district participated in the study. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected prior to and after implementation of the intervention to establish a baseline of performance and to determine student progress. Additionally, qualitative data were collected throughout the intervention. Analyses revealed that the success of the intervention related mainly to the teacher's awareness, her beliefs about her own self-efficacy, students' shared vocabulary, and students' use of strategies, whereas challenges arose primarily from requirements outside of the teacher's control. Unanticipated effects and changes to the educational environment are also discussed.
Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in plasma, serum and blood - conceptual and practical problems

Substances produced throughout the body are detectable in the blood, which is the most common biological fluid used in clinical testing. Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have long been sought in the blood, but none has become an established or validated diagnostic test. Companion reviews in Alzheimer's Research & Therapy will review specific types of biomarkers or applications; in this overview, we cover key concepts related to AD blood biomarker studies in general. Reasons for the difficulty of detecting markers of a brain-specific disorder, such as AD, in the blood are outlined; these pose conceptual challenges for blood biomarker discovery and development. Applications of blood tests in AD go beyond screening and diagnostic testing; other potential uses are risk assessment, prognostication, and evaluation of treatment target engagement, toxicity, and outcome. Opportunities and questions that may surround these different uses are discussed. A systematic approach to biomarker discovery, detection, assay development and quality control, sample collection, handling and storage, and design and analysis of clinical studies needs to be implemented at every step of discovery and translation to identify an interpretable and useful biomarker.
Adelante en Utah: Dilemmas of Leadership and College Access in a University–School–Community Partnership

This case study discusses some of the issues that Adelante, a 6-year university–school–community partnership, continues to encounter in addressing college access and parent and community leadership in a community of color. It provides the sociopolitical context as well as a description of the university and community partners that make up Adelante. The two scenarios provided highlight the complexities and challenges of attempting to have an authentic university–school–community partnership given the present sociopolitical state, educational inequities for communities of color, the disconnection between the lived realities of communities of color and leading scholarship. The case relies on the partnership’s codirector and graduate student coordinators’ perspective and provides teaching notes that ask the reader to think about and react to challenges related to partnership development, higher education access for students of color, and the sustainability of university–school–community collaborations.
OA11.04. Psychosocial outcomes from the chiropractic and integrative care low back pain randomized clinical trial

Purpose Evidence to date suggests there is no one treatment approach which is clearly superior for low back pain (LBP). It is plausible that combining treatments with small to moderate effect sizes will improve patient outcomes. Additional benefit might also be achieved by individualizing treatment plans according to patient presentation, for example, by addressing psychosocial factors. Our objective was to assess the relative clinical effectiveness of: 1) mono-disciplinary chiropractic care versus 2) multi-disciplinary integrative care for LBP, within the context of defined clinical care pathways.
Integrating chemoradiation and molecularly targeted therapy

While the advent of combined chemoradiation has improved outcomes for innumerable patients with locally advanced cancers, further improvements are urgently needed. Escalation of either chemotherapy or radiotherapy is associated with unacceptable toxicity. An alternative strategy is the integration of chemoradiation and molecularly targeted therapies, which exploits biological differences between cancer and normal tissue and should therefore increase efficacy while maintaining tolerable toxicity. Combining chemoradiation with agents that modulate tumor-specific pathways such as cell cycle checkpoints, PARP signaling, EGFR signaling, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis and androgen signaling has shown immense promise in preclinical and clinical studies, as have combinations with environmentally-targeted agents against the immune system and angiogenesis. The optimal application of these strategies will likely require consideration of molecular heterogeneity between patients and within individual tumors.
The Consequences of Regulatory Accumulation and a Proposed Solution

The American regulatory system has no working, systematic process for reviewing regulations for obsolescence or poor performance. Over time, this has facilitated the accumulation a vast stock of regulations. Regulatory accumulation can negatively affect GDP growth, labor productivity, innovation, and safety — perhaps explaining why every president since Jimmy Carter has recognized it as a problem. We examine previous, presidentially led efforts to initiate a review of existing regulations in the United States, and show that these efforts have not materially altered the stock of regulations. In contrast, we examine other, successful government reform efforts in order to identify their characteristics. After outlining the obstacles to regulatory cleanup that previous efforts in the United States failed to address, we suggest a process that could be adopted in order to eliminate or modify obsolete or otherwise undesirable regulations. Finally, we evaluate our proposal alongside other recent proposals with regard to how well they overcome the previously identified obstacles to regulatory review and cleanup.
The linkable Neil Armstrong: using BIBFRAME to increase visibility of digital collections

This report describes the initial phase of an experimental project to increase Web visibility of the Neil Armstrong Commemorative Archive, a digital collection of archival materials concerning astronaut Neil Armstrong's tenure at the University of Cincinnati. The project description includes explanation of the mapping process from Qualified Dublin Core to BIBFRAME as well as data reconciliation and linking to external authorities such as id.loc.gov, VIAF, and Wikipedia. Next steps in the project, such as integrating related MARC datasets from local library catalogs, are also discussed.
The photon challenge at RHIC

Electromagnetic probes are a valuable tool in exploring the hot and dense matter formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions. Measuring dileptons and direct photons will be an important goal at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, currently under construction at Brookhaven. After a short review of recent data and predictions we briefly introduce PHENIX and STAR, the two major experiments at RHIC and based upon recent simulations and testbeam data we willtry to assess the direct photon capabilites of PHENIX in relativistic heavy ion collisions.
Rapid Increases in proBDNF after Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Mice Are Associated with Reduced proBDNF Cleavage Machinery.

Abstract Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are elevated after status epilepticus (SE), leading to activation of multiple signaling pathways, including the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway that mediates a decrease in GABA A receptor α1 subunits in the hippocampus (Lund et al., 2008). While BDNF can signal via its pro or mature form, the relative contribution of these forms to signaling after SE is not fully known. In the current study, we investigate changes in proBDNF levels acutely after SE in C57BL/6J mice. In contrast to previous reports (Unsain et al., 2008; Volosin et al., 2008; VonDran et al., 2014), our studies found that levels of proBDNF in the hippocampus are markedly elevated as early as 3 h after SE onset and remain elevated for 7 d. Immunohistochemistry studies indicate that seizure-induced BDNF localizes to all hippocampal subfields, predominantly in principal neurons and also in astrocytes. Analysis of the proteolytic machinery that cleaves proBDNF to produce mature BDNF demonstrates that acutely after SE there is a decrease in tissue plasminogen activator and an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an inhibitor of extracellular and intracellular cleavage, which normalizes over the first week after SE. In vitro treatment of hippocampal slices from animals 24 h after SE with a PAI-1 inhibitor reduces proBDNF levels. These findings suggest that rapid proBDNF increases following SE are due in part to reduced cleavage, and that proBDNF may be part of the initial neurotrophin response driving intracellular signaling during the acute phase of epileptogenesis.
The changing patient-physician relationship.

Since the late 1970s, radical changes have occurred in the patient-physician relationship and in practice management and administration, and the future holds promise of more evidence-supported treatments.
Comments on the Microstructure and Properties of Ultrafine Grained Steel

The present paper addresses several connected issues that concern the mechanical properties of ultra-fine grained martensitic steels. Recent research, particularly including EBSD studies, has clarified the complex microstructure of dislocated martensitic steels and shown the central importance of martensite blocks, which are subvolumes of laths that share a Bain variant of the parent austenite. The block-and-packet structure of the martensite appears well-designed to minimize the elastic energy introduced during the martensitic transformation. The martensite block is, ordinarily, the effective grain size for both strength and cleavage fracture. However, the role of the block in imparting strength is sensitive to carbon contamination of the block boundaries. To optimize strength carbon should be present; to minimize the ductile-brittle transition temperature it should be eliminated. When fine grain size produces high strength, it also causes low elongation. The elongation can be improved by including mechanisms, such as TRIP, that lower the initial work hardening rate.
Distorted Electric Field of the Building Near UHVAC Double Circuit Transmission Lines on the Same Tower

To research distorted electric field of the building near UHV AC transmission lines,a finite element method(FEM) was applied to calculate the distorted electric field produced by 1 000 kV AC double circuit transmission lines on the same tower,including the electric field of reinforced building and brick building.Firstly,the calculation model and finite element model of transmission lines with sag,steel frame and air field were established.Then,the electric field of the balcony,the roof and the surrounding area of the steel frame were calculated.UHV AC experiments verified the effectiveness of the calculation method.Finally,the distorted electric field of the reinforced building roof and the brick building roof are researched.In the cases of window opened and closed the electric field of both the balconies and indoors are compared.The results show that FEM can effectively calculate the distorted electric field of the buildings.The electric field of the building edges and building corners are seriously distorted.The electric field of the reinforced building roof and the brick building roof were 10.40 kV/m and 6.02 kV/m,respectively,distorted by 123.61% and 29.18%,respectively.The reinforced building had a stronger shielding effect on indoor electric field than the brick building,and the indoor electric field of the brick building reached 4.82 kV/m;the electric field change of the reinforced building was greater than that of the brick building by opening the window,while the electric field of reinforced building balcony reached 1.95 kV/m from 32.22 mV/m.
Application of Project Teaching in Computer Course System

In recent years, the project-teaching method is widely used in many courses, by setting the task organization of teaching contents, emphasizing students as the main body. The project-teaching method shows advantages in solving the boring and cramming method of traditional teaching. This paper explains the project teaching according to the implementation of the project teaching based on the analysis in computer course system, teaching method discussions, textbooks and the ultimate goal.
Chemotherapy of breast cancer : A historical perspective

Over the last 30 years, our knowledge about the clinical behavior of breast cancer has increased substantially. Our ability to identify several prognostic subgroups and predict hormone-responsive and hormone-resistant disease has led to more rational utilization of endocrine and cytotoxic treatments. Breast cancer is sensitive to multiple cytotoxic compounds. It has been demonstrated that combination chemotherapy produces higher overall and complete remission rates than sequential single agents, and that doxorubicin-containing combinations are more effective than other regimens. The introduction of new cytotoxic agents, including the taxanes paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) and docetaxel, gemcitabine, anthrapyrazoles, thymidylate synthase inhibitors, antifols, and camptothecin analogues, has added substantially to our antitumor armamentarium. Combinations of new drugs with old agents have resulted in regimens of enhanced activity. A large number of randomized comparative trials will determine which combinations have the highest therapeutic ratio and need to be incorporated into the standard management of metastatic and high-risk primary breast cancer.