cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of the psychiatric diagnostic scheme: an aid to dental treatment planning

Summary Familiarity of the dentist with the currently used scheme for diagnosing the patient who has a mentally handicapping condition provides vital information. This scheme will assist in the preparation and interpretation of a properly worded consultation to the mental health professional caring for the patient. It will allow for the formulation of a comprehensive dental treatment plan consistent with the patient's emotional and cognitive status as well as alert the dentist to the patient's potential perceptions and misconceptions of care.
Effects of teleost urotensins on intestinal absorption of water and Nacl in tilapia, sarotherodon mossambicus, adapted to fresh water or seawater.

Urotensins I (UI) and II (UII), peptides released from the teleost urophysis, have been implicated in teleost osmoregulation. The effects of these peptides on intestinal absorption in tilapia are examined in vitro using anterior intestinal segments of freshwater (FW)- and seawater (SW)-adapted fish. Intestinal sacs are incubated with 10- and 20-mU/ml concentrations of semipurified Gillichthys UI or UII. UI causes significant decreases in water and NaCl absorption in FW fish but has no effect in SW fish. On the other hand, UII has no effect on FW fish but increases water and NaCl absorption in SW fish. The results suggest that the effects of UI on intestinal transport may be important in FW fish, whereas those of UII may be advantageous to SW fish. The anteriorintestine joins the urinary bladder, skin, and opercular membrane as a possible locus of action of the urotensins.
Independent stereoscopic channels for different extents of spatial pooling.

Abstract We report two experiments with stimuli composed of dynamic noise stereograms in which binocular disparity was modulated sinusoidally with changes in vertical spatial position. The experiments demonstrated that the human visual system contains independent stereoscopic mechanisms selectively tuned for different spatial frequencies of disparity modulation. The first experiment showed that observers can just detect a compound disparity grating when at least one of two presented sinusoidal components is close to its own independent threshold amplitude. The second experiment demonstrated selective threshold elevation following prolonged viewing of a disparity grating (selective adaptation). The results suggest that the stereoscopic mechanisms have rather broad sensitivity to the spatial frequency of disparity modulation: 2–3 octaves full-bandwidth at half-amplitude. We conclude, first, that there exist multiple stereoscopic mechanisms each characterized by a different extent of spatial pooling. Secondly, the bandpass characteristic we have observed implies that these mechanisms must receive lateral inhibition from disparity detectors tuned to adjacent positions in space.
Testicular microlithiasis: association with male infertility.

Purpose We studied the frequency of testicular microlithiasis (TM) in a select group of otherwise healthy infertile men with abnormal semen. Methods We reviewed scrotal sonography records of 180 consecutive patients with abnormal semen who were referred for evaluation of male infertility. The pampiniform plexus was evaluated for possible varicocele, and the testes were examined for the presence or absence of intratesticular calcifications and/or masses. Five patients with more than 5 echogenic foci per transducer field in either testis were identified. The medical records and sonograms of this subgroup of patients were analyzed. Results Of the 180 patients, 5 (2.8%) had TM. Three patients with TM had concomitant small varicoceles; 2 others had a history of testicular maldescent. Two patients eventually became fertile. Conclusions Our results indicate a higher than expected frequency of TM in otherwise healthy infertile men. We speculate that the magnitude of hypospermatogenesis in patients with TM is variable and may relate to both the degree of testicular dysgenesis and the presence or absence of concomitant scrotal pathology (eg, scrotal varicocele and cryptorchidism). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 26:195–198, 1998.
Radiosonde Pressure Sensor Performance: Evaluation Using Tracking Radars

The standard balloon-borne radiosonde employed for synoptic meteorology provides vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, and humidity as a function of elapsed time. These parameters are used in the hypsometric equation to calculate the geopotential altitude at each sampling point during the balloon's flight. It is important that the vertical location information be accurate. The present investigation was conducted with the objective to evaluate the altitude determination accuracy of the standard radiosonde throughout the entire balloon profile. The tests included two other commercially available pressure sensors to see if they could provide improved accuracy in the stratosphere. The pressure-measuring performance of standard baroswitches, premium baroswitches, and hypsometers in balloon-borne sondes was correlated with tracking radars. It was found that the standard and premium baroswitches perform well up to about 25 km altitude, while hypsometers provide more reliable data above 25 km.
Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics with quantum solvent effects

Three novel approaches extending quantum-classical non-adiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics (MD) to include quantum effects of solvent environments are described. In a standard NA-MD the solute subsystem is treated quantum mechanically, while the larger solvent part of a system is treated classically. The three novel approaches presented here are based on the Bohmian formulation of quantum mechanics, the stochastic Schrodinger equation for the evolution of open quantum systems and the quantized Hamilton dynamics generalization of classical mechanics. The approaches extend the standard NA-MD to incorporate the following quantum effects of the solvent. 1. Branching, i.e., the ability of solvent quantum wave packets to split and follow asymptotically diverging trajectories correlated with different quantum states of the solute. 2. Decoherence, i.e., loss of quantum interference within the solute subsystem induced by the diverging solvent trajectories. 3. Zero point energy that contributes to NA coupling and must be preserved during the energy exchange between solvent and solute degrees of freedom. The Bohmian quantum-classical mechanics, stochastic mean-field and quantized mean-field approximations incorporate the quantum solvent effects into the standard quantum-classical NA-MD in a straightforward and efficient way that can be easily applied to quantum dynamics of condensed phase chemical systems.
The repertoire of resistance: Non-compliance with directives in Milgram's 'obedience' experiments.

This paper is the first extensive conversation-analytic study of resistance to directives in one of the most controversial series of experiments in social psychology, Stanley Milgram's 1961–1962 study of ‘obedience to authority’. As such, it builds bridges between interactionist and experimental areas of social psychology that do not often communicate with one another. Using as data detailed transcripts of 117 of the original sessions representing five experimental conditions, I show how research participants’ resistance to experimental progressivity takes shape against a background of directive/response and complaint/remedy conversational sequences – sequence types that project opposing and competing courses of action. In local contexts of competing sequential relevancies, participants mobilize six forms of resistance to the confederate experimenter's directives to continue. These range along a continuum of explicitness, from relatively subtle resistance that momentarily postpones continuation to techniques for explicitly trying to stop the experiment. Although both ‘obedient’- and ‘defiant’-outcome participants use all six of the forms, evidence is provided suggesting precisely how members of the two groups differ in manner and frequency of resistance.
Effect of Fading on FM Reception with Cochannel Interference

The combined effect of cochannel interference and nonselective Rayleigh fading on the reception of analog FM signals in additive Gaussian noise is analyzed. Rice's click model for the breaking region is used. Analysis in the absence of interference is performed first and the effect of modulation on the click rate is found to be nearly negligible. For the case with cochannel interference the click rate is computed in the absence of modulation. Curves are given for detected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) versus carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) with signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) as a parameter and SNR versus SIR with CNR as a parameter. The results agree well with recently published results of a simulation study.
Selection of variables in linear regression: a pragmatic approach

To find the best regression model of p predictor variablesp= l,...k, where k is the number of potential predictor variables, is an important problem. In this paper, we discuss proposals that are easy to implement, accelerate the implicit enumeration algorithms and aid in the selection of variables in linear regression analysis. We illustrate the effectiveness and usefulness of these proposals with an example.
Self-images without awareness and projective methods of personality assessment.

Summary Ss' responses to tachistoscopic exposures of self-photographs have been suggested as one approach to self-images without awareness. Sixty-three Ss completed a Q sort for themselves and after tachistoscopic exposure of their own and control photographs, for the persons in the photographs. Ss also completed the Structured-Objective Rorschach Test and Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank. The self was sorted most favorably, the control tachistoscopic exposure significantly less favorably, and the self tachistoscopic exposure significantly less favorably than the control. These differences were found to be related to sex and adjustment measured with the Rotter. The SORT correlated insignificantly with Q sort and Rotter.
Heat transport and the nature of the order parameter in superconducting UPt3.

Recent thermal conductivity data on the heavy fermion superconductor ${\mathrm{UPt}}_{3}$ have been interpreted as offering support for an ${\mathit{E}}_{2\mathit{u}}$ model of the order parameter as opposed to an ${\mathit{E}}_{1\mathit{g}}$ model. In this paper, we analyze this issue from a theoretical standpoint including the detailed effects of Fermi surface and gap anisotropy. Our conclusion is that although current data put strong constraints on the gap anisotropy, they cannot definitively distinguish between these two models. Measurements on samples of varying quality could be decisive in this regard, however. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
3.7 A 7Gb/s rapid on/off embedded-clock serial-link transceiver with 20ns power-on time, 740μW off-state power for energy-proportional links in 65nm CMOS

Energy-proportional operation of serial links is imperative for realizing energy-efficient data centers and low-power mobile interfaces such as MIPI [1]. Burst-mode communication, where the link is powered-off when idle and powered-on when needed, achieves energy proportional operation [2]. Ideally, a burst mode link must be turned on/off in zero time, must consume zero power in the off-state and must incur zero energy overhead while making on/off transitions. However, these requirements are difficult to meet in practice and as a consequence, the efficacy of burst mode communication in achieving energy proportional operation is reduced. The main challenges in achieving small power-on time and off-state power include the design of fast-locking PLLs, CDRs and achieving fast settling of bias node voltages. In this paper, we present a complete 7Gb/s energy-proportional embedded-clock transceiver that achieves less than 20ns power-on time while consuming 63.7mW on-state power, 0.74mW off-state power and 1.2nJ of total transition energy penalty per burst.
Physiological effects of relaxation in a double-blind analog of desensitization

This experiment measured the effect of muscular relaxation on levels of tonic physiological activity and on habituation of the skin potential response elicited by electric shock. A double blind analog of Wolpe's procedure of desensitization was employed. Subjects who were given brief tape recorded instructions in relaxation and subjects who were given no instructions at all habituated to shock more quickly than subjects who were instructed to increase their muscle tension or to maintain their natural level of muscle tension. There is evidence that the Increased Tension group became more tense and that both the Relaxation and No Instructions groups relaxed. The relatively small differences between the Relaxation and the No Instructions groups may be attributed to the lack of anxiety in the subjects and to the type of instructions used. The Unchanged Tension group showed decreased levels of tonic physiological activity, but relatively high levels of electrodermal reactivity and subjective tension. The results partially supported Wolpe's theory of reciprocal inhibition but not his theory of conditioned inhibition.
Temperature-induced increase in cellular chelating potential associated with reduced thermotolerance

Hot springs panic grass, Dichanthelium lanuginosum var sericeum (Schmoll), successfully colonizes geo-thermally heated soils that are subject to chronic temperatures ranging from 40 to 50 °C, occurs at altitudes in excess of 2500 m, and tolerates low soil moisture content for extended periods of time. We utilized superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) as an indicator of oxidative stress response to compare the impacts of temperature on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a cool-season grass, with the temperature responses of three isolates of D. lanuginosum. One of the D. lanuginosum isolates was collected from a non-thermal site and had reduced capacity to adapt to growth at elevated temperature. Wheat SOD activity in crude leaf extracts was significantly reduced by incubation at 45 °C. In contrast, SOD activity in crude leaf extracts from a thermophilic D. lanuginosum isolate increased after incubation at 45 °C. Significant increases in cellular chelating capacity occurred in wheat and the D. lanuginosum isolated from a non-thermal environment after plants were exposed to elevated temperatures. Ultra-filtration of leaf extracts through 10 kDa molecular weight cutoff membranes removed much of the chelating activity and restored apparent SOD activity. The D. lanuginosum isolates with the greatest thermotolerance retained SOD activity when exposed to elevated temperatures and did not show statistically significant increases in cellular chelation potential. Wheat SOD activity increased in response to heat shock. The chelation activity was associated with low molecular weight components (<10 kDa) that did not bind C18 media. Ultra-filtration removal of these low molecular weight chelating components increased SOD activity and replacement of low molecular weight chelating components with an equivalent amount of EDTA suppressed SOD activity.
Osmotic and non-osmotic regulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) release, mRNA, and promoter activity in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells

Abstract Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is synthesized in the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary. It has been shown that hypothalamic AVP mRNA is increased during experimental stimulation of osmotic and non-osmotic stimulation of AVP release. The mechanisms underlying the stimulation of AVP biosynthesis in these conditions are not known. The present study was, therefore, performed to measure AVP release, AVP mRNA level, and AVP gene promoter activity during osmotic and non-osmotic stimulation of AVP secretion in the small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells. AVP release was measured by radioimmunoassay, steady state levels of AVP mRNA by solution hybridization, and AVP gene promoter activity exhibited by a 1.5 kb 5′-flanking AVP gene fragment fused to a luciferase reporter after SCLC cells were subjected to osmotic or non-osmotic conditions. High media osmolality (330 mOsm) significantly increased AVP release (control (C) 1.42 ± 0.27 vs. High Osm 3.67 ± 0.39 pg/2 × 106 cells, N = 9, P
Mining Migrants: Transnational Mining and Migration Patterns in the Peruvian Andes*

Abstract This article evaluates the linkages between transnational mining corporations and local migration dynamics in Peru. Changes in migration patterns in the Cajamarca region of Peru over the past decade are examined via a case study of the gold mining operations of Newmont Mining Corporation. The study considers household migration behavior in communities surrounding the mine as well as transformations in regional, national, and international migration patterns. Also examined are the temporal nature of these changing patterns across short, medium, and long-term time periods. *This research was conducted with the support of a National Science Foundation Regional Sciences DDRI (BCS-0002347) and the United States Fulbright Commission. All opinions, data, omissions, and errors are the sole responsibility of the author.
Immediately loaded CAD-CAM manufactured fixed complete dentures using flapless implant placement procedures: A cohort study of consecutive patients

Statement of problem Data available regarding the treatment outcome for completely edentulous jaws by means of a prefabricated fixed complete denture placed immediately after flapless implant insertion using a surgical guide are only short term. Purpose The purpose of this study was to follow the survival of implants inserted in completely edentulous jaws using a flapless procedure and immediately loaded with prefabricated fixed complete dentures for several years. A second purpose was to investigate whether there is a difference in marginal bone remodeling in smoking (S) and nonsmoking (NS) patients. Material and methods During a 5-year period (mean time of follow-up 2.2 years), 30 consecutive patients, 12 women, 38–74 years of age (average 56 years) were treated for complete edentulism in 1 arch in the Department of Periodontology at the University Hospitals in Leuven. The S group included 13 and the NS group 17 patients. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Two outcome parameters were analyzed: the cumulative survival rate (CSR) of individual implants and the marginal bone remodeling for up to 5 years in the 2 groups. Results Nine (4.9%) implants failed. Eight of the failures occurred in 3 smoking patients. The absolute survival rate for all patients was 95%, while the cumulative survival rate (CSR) after 5 years was 91.5%. For the NS group, the CSR was 98.9%, while for the S it was 81.2%. The mean marginal bone resorption was - 2.6 and - 1.2 mm in the S and NS groups, respectively. Conclusions The present findings indicate that the treatment protocol described results in good implant survival rate even after several years. Smoking may eventually compromise the efficacy of this treatment concept.
Magnetic 'zig-zag' behavior in lunar rocks

A lunar olivine basalt sample is analyzed which exhibits unorthodox alternating field (AF) demagnetization behavior characterized by nonreproducible remanent magnetization values upon demagnetization at a given peak AF. It is shown that the direction of the remanence following AF demagnetization is roughly confined to a particular plane and that this behavior is an intrinsic property of certain magnetic carriers present in the sample. The viscous acquisition coefficient is found to be about 1-1/2 times greater than the absolute value of the decay coefficient. It is suggested that the behavior of this sample is due to the presence of a few planar, multidomain grains which represent a local mineral fabric, do not demagnetize, and may interfere with the determination of a meaningful time variation of lunar magnetic paleointensity.
Involvement and the tourist shopper: Using the involvement construct to segment the American tourist shopper at the mall:

There is great interest in understanding the complex behaviors of consumers. One facet of consumer behavior is the ‘involvement’ construct. Involvement is a person’s perceived relevance of the object based on inherent needs, values, and interests.There is a plethora of shopping malls all over the US. Major metropolitan cities are over-malled! Despite the abundance of malls close to their residence, American travelers shop at comparable malls while tourists in another city. There exists a gap in the literature about this phenomenon.This study surveyed 485 tourist shoppers residing in metropolitan areas to address this gap. It examined the interplay of their shopping involvement with demographics, push motivators, pull motivators, shopper-tourist cluster typologies, and the amount of time and money spent shopping while on a trip. This study created a profile of tourists based on their level of shopping involvement. It segmented them into high-, medium-, or low-involvement tourist shoppers.The more highly in...
Speech Under Stress: Analysis, Modeling and Recognition

In this chapter, we consider a range of issues associated with analysis, modeling, and recognition of speech under stress. We start by defining stress, what could be perceived as stress, and how it affects the speech production system. In the discussion that follows, we explore how individuals differ in their perception of stress, and hence understand the cues associated with perceiving stress. Having considered the domains of stress, areas for speech analysis under stress, we shift to the development of algorithms to estimate, classify or distinguish different stress conditions. We will then conclude with revealing what might be in store for understanding stress, and the development of techniques to overcome the effects of stress for speech recognition and human-computer interactive systems.
Air Data Prediction from Surface Pressure Measurements on Guided Munitions

The control of guided munitions over wide ranges of flight conditions has posed new requirements for estimating air data parameters. A common approach to meet the control stability margins and time response requirements is varying autopilot gains as a function of estimated air data parameters. A feasibility study to estimate air data parameters using flush-orifice pressure sensors has been completed. Wind-tunnel measurements of static pressure on sensors mounted on a representative missile nose were used. The primary objective of this study was to explore options for in-flight estimation of air data parameters using only the static pressure data base. The air data parameters of interest include Mach number, angle of attack, aerodynamic roll angle, and freestream pressure. An iterative process based on the differential corrections method was used to determine the air data parameters and expected error in the final estimates. Examples are given that provide sensitivity to pressure measurement noise and different sensor configurations. The air data estimates obtained with this method are suitable for autopilot gain scheduling over a wide range of flight conditions.
Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for parabolic problems

In this paper, we develop a time and its corresponding spatial discretization scheme, based upon the assumption of a certain weak singularity of @?u"t(t)@?"L"""2"("@W")[email protected]?u"[email protected]?"2, for the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for one-dimensional parabolic problems. Optimal convergence rates in both time and spatial variables are obtained. A discussion of automatic time-step control method is also included.
Thinking about systems: student and teacher conceptions of natural and social systems

Many in the system dynamics community argue that children are natural systems thinkers. Here we study how middle school students and teachers think about everyday settings involving feedback, stocks and flows, time delays and nonlinearities, prior to any formal training in these concepts. We develop instruments to elicit understanding of systems concepts and test them with students and teachers from two middle schools in the U.S.A. We find, with some exceptions, generally limited intuitive systems thinking abilities. “Open-loop” or one-way causal thinking is common. Explanations lack references to time horizons and time delays. Significant misconceptions of stock and flow structures appear regardless of age. Teachers generally outperformed students, although one-quarter of the students performed at the median level for teachers. We discuss the nature of students’ and teachers’ intuitive models of dynamic systems, explore potential barriers to understanding dynamic systems, and discuss implications for effective teaching of systems concepts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Syst. Dyn. Rev. 23, 285–312, (2007)
Monte Carlo study of the temperature dependent performance of GaN versus GaAs terahertz quantum cascade structures

We present a Monte Carlo study of the carrier dynamics in terahertz quantum cascade lasers to quantify the potential of GaN/AlGaN over GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells for high temperature operation.
Improving bus test via IDDT and boundary scan

This paper presents a systematic test methodology targeting bus line interconnect defects using IDDT testing and Boundary Scan. Traditional test is unable to detect all possible defects, especially timing-related faults. Open and short defects on interconnects between embedded modules can be detected by IDDT testing. Boundary Scan can provide accessibility to internal buses. A statistical analysis is presented discussing the uncertain factors due to process variations and power fluctuation. The effectiveness of the proposed technique on shorts, opens or the other non stuck-at fault type defects is also illustrated.
Immunological detection of minimal residual disease in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

Summary Background The clinical significance of submicroscopic levels of leukaemic cells in bone-marrow aspirates from children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remains controversial. We prospectively determined the frequency and prognostic importance of minimal residual disease detected by a rapid immunological assay in bone-marrow aspirates of children with ALL. Methods 158 children with newly diagnosed ALL received 6 weeks of remission-induction chemotherapy. Once complete clinical remission was attained the patients received 2 weeks of consolidation therapy followed by continuation therapy. Bone-marrow aspirates were collected after induction therapy and during weeks 14, 32, and 56 of continuation therapy, and then at 120 weeks (end of therapy). Cells with leukaemia-associated immuno-phenotypes were investigated by multiparameter flow-cytometry capable of detecting one leukaemic cell among 10000 normal cells. Findings The proportion of patients with detectable leukaemic cells was 23% at remission induction and 17% at week 14 of continuation therapy, decreasing to 5% and 4% at weeks 32 and 56. None of the 65 samples examined at completion of therapy (week 120) showed evidence of disease. Detectable residual disease at the end of remission induction correlated with adverse genetic abnormalities—the Philadelphia chromosome and MLL gene rearrangements—but not with other presenting features. Detectable leukaemia was associated with subsequent relapse regardless of the time at which bone-marrow samples were examined (p Interpretation Immunological detection of residual leukaemic cells at any point in the treatment course is a powerful predictor of relapse in children with ALL. Alternative treatment should be considered for cases with persistent disease beyond the first 3 months of continuation therapy.
Energy Release in Stellar Magnetospheres

The interaction of a stellar magnetosphere with a thin accretion disk is considered. Specifically, I consider a model in which (1) the accretion disk is magnetically linked to the star over a large range of radii and (2) the magnetic diffusivity of the disk is sufficiently small that there is little slippage of field lines within the disk on the rotation time scale. In this case the magnetic energy built up as a result of differential rotation between the star and the disk is released in quasi-periodic reconnection events occuring in the magnetosphere (Aly and Kuijpers 1990). The radial transport of magnetic flux in such an accretion disk is considered. It is show that the magnetic flux distribution is stationary on the accretion time scale, provided the time average of the radial component of the field just above the disk vanishes. A simple model of the time-dependent structure of the magnetosphere is presented. It is shown that energy release in the magnetosphere must take place for (differential) rotation angles less than about 3 radians. The magnetic flux distribution in the disk depends on the precise value of the rotation angle.
An agenda for the second generation of qualitative studies

An agenda is proposed that calls for investigations of and instruction in the skills and dispositions needed by practitioners of qualitative studies. Qualitative studies re-emerged in the social science and health disciplines in the early years of the 1970s. In the subsequent 30-plus years of the first generation of qualitative studies, there has been a dramatic growth in their use and in attention to their theories and methods. In addition, concerns about the quality of qualitative studies have been expressed. In qualitative studies, researchers themselves serve as the data gathering and analytic instruments. Attention to the development of researcher cognitive and conative skills and researcher virtues is recommended.
Institutional Ambitions and Athletic Conference Affiliation

Institutions are changing their athletic conference affiliation as a way to advance their ambitions.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II+ Invariant Chain Negative Breast Cancer Cells Present Unique Peptides that Activate Tumor-specific T Cells from Breast Cancer Patients

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-associated Invariant chain (Ii) is present in professional antigen presenting cells where it regulates peptide loading onto MHC class II molecules and the peptidome presented to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Because Ii prevents peptide loading in neutral subcellular compartments, we reasoned that Ii− cells may present peptides not presented by Ii+ cells. Based on the hypothesis that patients are tolerant to MHC II-restricted tumor peptides presented by Ii+ cells, but will not be tolerant to novel peptides presented by Ii− cells, we generated MHC II vaccines to activate cancer patients' T cells. The vaccines are Ii− tumor cells expressing syngeneic HLA-DR and the costimulatory molecule CD80. We used liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to sequence MHC II-restricted peptides from Ii+ and Ii− MCF10 human breast cancer cells transfected with HLA-DR7 or the MHC Class II transactivator CIITA to determine if Ii− cells present novel peptides. Ii expression was induced in the HLA-DR7 transfectants by transfection of Ii, and inhibited in the CIITA transfectants by RNA interference. Peptides were analyzed and binding affinity predicted by artificial neural net analysis. HLA-DR7-restricted peptides from Ii− and Ii+ cells do not differ in size or in subcellular location of their source proteins; however, a subset of HLA-DR7-restricted peptides of Ii− cells are not presented by Ii+ cells, and are derived from source proteins not used by Ii+ cells. Peptides from Ii− cells with the highest predicted HLA-DR7 binding affinity were synthesized, and activated tumor-specific HLA-DR7+ human T cells from healthy donors and breast cancer patients, demonstrating that the MS-identified peptides are bonafide tumor antigens. These results demonstrate that Ii regulates the repertoire of tumor peptides presented by MHC class II+ breast cancer cells and identify novel immunogenic MHC II-restricted peptides that are potential therapeutic reagents for cancer patients.
Food allergy and food allergy attitudes among college students

Background Little information is known about food allergy among college students. Objective We sought to assess food allergy trends and behavioral attitudes on a large university campus. Methods An online survey was distributed by e-mail to local university undergraduate students. Symptom severity was determined based on previously published criteria for anaphylaxis. Results A total of 513 individuals responded, with 57% reporting an allergic reaction to food. Of this group, 36.2% reported symptoms consistent with anaphylaxis, and these reactions frequently occurred while enrolled. Allergy to milk (P = .032), tree nut (P Conclusion Potentially life-threatening anaphylactic reactions to foods are occurring on college campuses. Only 39.7% of students with food allergy avoided a self-identified food allergen, and more than three fourths did not maintain SIE. Such behaviors might place these students at increased risk for adverse events.
Evaluation of meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine in an athymic mouse human neuroblastoma xenograft model

A paired-label biodistribution was performed in athymic mice bearing SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma xenografts to compare the tissue uptake of meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine ([211At]MABG) and [131I]MIBG. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) uptake of [211At]MABG was seen in tumor (3.8 +/- 0.8% ID/g vs. 3.1 +/- 0.7% ID/g at 8 h) compared to [131I]MIBG. Desipramine reduced tumor uptake of [211At] MABG by 43%, suggesting that its accumulation was related to the specific uptake-1 mechanism. Higher uptake of [211At]MABG was also seen in normal tissue targets such as heart (6.0 +/- 0.9% ID/g vs. 4.5 +/- 0.8% ID/g at 8 h; p < 0.05). Pretreatment of mice with unlabeled MIBG increased tumor uptake of [211At]MABG by 1.5-fold while reducing uptake in heart and several other normal tissues. The vesicular uptake inhibitor tetrabenazine reduced heart uptake by 30% without reducing the tumor uptake. These results suggest such strategies might be useful for improving [211At]MABG tumor-to-normal tissue ratios.
Red cell antibody problems in 1000 liver transplants

Liver transplant patients frequently require large amounts of blood. The frequency and nature of their red cell (RBC) antibody problems were examined. Records were reviewed in 496 adults and 286 children undergoing 1000 consecutive transplants. Twenty-two percent of adults and 14 percent of children had RBC alloantibodies. Antibodies of potential clinical significance were found before transplant in 6.3 percent of adults and 1.0 percent of children; despite immunosuppression, they appeared 1 to 5 weeks after transplant in an additional 7.5 and 5.2 percent respectively. These antibodies probably represented secondary immune responses. Of 58 transplant patients with prior potentially significant antibodies, 8 required 7 to 110 units of antigen-untyped blood after 8 to 28 units of antigen-negative blood; of these patients, one had subsequent hemolysis. Positive direct antiglobulin tests in 24 percent of adults and 10 percent of children were most often thought to be due to nonspecific adsorption of IgG. Anti-recipient ABO antibodies developed in 22 of 60 (37%) evaluable ABO-unmatched grafts; 13 cases had associated hemolysis. In all, 36 percent of adults and 20 percent of children had diverse RBC antibody problems. Resolution of these problems is an important part of the laboratory support necessary for a liver transplantation program.
Chemokines, chemokine receptors and allergy.

Chemokines are a group of cytokines that are responsible for the influx of blood cells, including T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils, in allergic and other inflammatory conditions. They function as G protein-coupled chemotactic factors which also activate the cells with which they interact. Certain chemokines function within the afferent arm of the immune system, in which antigen is processed and antibody formation initiated, and others are active within the effector pathways of cellular immunity and late-phase allergic reactions. Th2 lymphocytes, which are critical for allergy, employ the CC chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8 with the ligands thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and I-309, respectively. The chemokine receptor CCR3 and ligands monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3, MCP-4, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and eotaxins I and II are of particular relevance for the recruitment and activation of eosinophils. Th1 reactions depend upon interferon gamma-induced CXC chemokines interferon- inducible protein (IP)-10, interferon-inducible T cell-alpha chemoattractant (iTAC) and monokine induced by interferon-gamma (MiG), which bind to chemokine receptor CXCR3.
Activated PKCδ and PKCϵ Inhibit Epithelial Chloride Secretion Response to cAMP via Inducing Internalization of the Na+-K+-2Cl− Cotransporter NKCC1

The basolateral Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC1) is a key determinant of transepithelial chloride secretion and dysregulation of chloride secretion is a common feature of many diseases including secretory diarrhea. We have previously shown that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) markedly reduces transepithelial chloride secretion in human colonic T84 cells, which correlates with both functional inhibition and loss of the NKCC1 surface expression. In the present study, we defined the specific roles of PKC isoforms in regulating epithelial NKCC1 and chloride secretion utilizing adenoviral vectors that express shRNAs targeting human PKC isoforms (α, δ, ϵ) (shPKCs) or LacZ (shLacZ, non-targeting control). After 72 h of adenoviral transduction, protein levels of the PKC isoforms in shPKCs-T84 cells were decreased by ∼90% compared with the shLacZ-control. Activation of PKCs by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) caused a redistribution of NKCC1 immunostaining from the basolateral membrane to intracellular vesicles in both shLacZ- and shPKCα-T84 cells, whereas the effect of PMA was not observed in shPKCδ- and shPKCϵ- cells. These results were further confirmed by basolateral surface biotinylation. Furthermore, activation of PKCs by PMA inhibited cAMP-stimulated chloride secretion in the uninfected, shLacZ- and shPKCα-T84 monolayers, but the inhibitory effect was significantly attenuated in shPKCδ- and shPKCϵ-T84 monolayers. In conclusion, the activated novel isoforms PKCδ or PKCϵ, but not the conventional isoform PKCα, inhibits transepithelial chloride secretion through inducing internalization of the basolateral surface NKCC1. Our study reveals that the novel PKC isoform-regulated NKCC1 surface expression plays an important role in the regulation of chloride secretion.
Forecasting Inflation In China

China is the world’s second largest economy, has sustained strong growth rates for an extended period of time, and is a prime destination for international investors. It is therefore important for researchers to correctly forecast key macroeconomic variables, such as economic growth and inflation within the Chinese economy. Forecasts of inflation, in particular, are important for domestic production, export competitiveness, business planning and for international investors. A section of the literature has assessed models to explain and forecast inflation – within this literature, the role of deviations of output from equilibrium output (Phillips Curve models specified as output gap models) and the role of monetary policy in explaining inflation in China have been of great interest. This paper assesses atheoretic and structural models to explain Chinese inflation and tests the forecasting ability of these models. The findings show that money is not as important in explaining inflation as the output gap. The output gap approach also provides the best forecasts of inflation for the out-of-sample period 2003-2012. Models based on past information alone cannot beat the output gap models.
Aesthetics and expanding perception in fluid physics

Flow Visualization is both the practice of making fluid physics visible and a course that focuses on the practice of making those images, as short video and stills. Since 2003, this course has been cross-listed as a mechanical engineering elective and a fine arts studio course, and brings together mixed teams of engineering and fine arts photography or film students. With its focus on the production of aesthetically pleasing and scientifically useful images of fluid flows, it is one of the few course offerings that explicitly calls upon engineering students to use an aesthetic sense in their studies. In prior work, this course was associated with a positive shift in affect toward fluid flows, which we measured through the Fluids Perception Survey (FluPerS) [1]. In the same survey, students expressed a greater awareness of fluids. This outcome was in contrast to the survey results from Fluid Mechanics, a traditional engineering core course, with a highly analytic, mathematical approach. Exit surveys of students in Fluid Mechanics reveal a negative shift in affect, which is typical of other technical courses, with no comments about awareness of fluids. The increased awareness of fluids can be termed an expansion of perception — when learners see everyday objects, events, or issues through the lens of the content [2]. Expansion of perception is often associated with deeper conceptual understanding and the ability to transfer learning to new settings. Building on the prior survey work, we conducted interviews with students from Flow Vis, both engineering students (n=4) and art/film students (n=5), in addition to Fluid Mechanics students (n=3), at the beginning and end of a semester. Their comments, along with open responses in the survey (n=86), are being analyzed using an iterative process to develop an emergent coding scheme. We want to discover what about Flow Vis helps students, both from engineering and art, internalize and apply their understanding of fluids. What role does the emphasis on aesthetics, so familiar to the art students, so uncommon in coursework for the engineers, play? Finally, how can we adapt the teaching practices from Flow Vis for other courses, other content areas? Analysis of data and future course suggestions are discussed.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention and Health Protection by Monitoring: Role of Individual Disciplines. The Analytical Chemist: Sample Collection, Methods and Limitations II

Most OSHA standards require the monitoring of worker chemical exposure levels through the measurement of chemicals in the ambient air of the worker’s breathing zone. Biological monitoring is expected to become increasingly important as a tool for evaluating worker exposure to chemicals.
CASE STUDY IN GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY: An Uncommon Complication of Peptic Ulcer Disease.

A 54-year-old African American woman presented with a 1-month history of intermittent, burning epigastric abdominal pain that was moderately severe in intensity. Her pain radiated toward her back in a band-like fashion. She also noted nausea and vomited once, with the vomit consisting of food particles. The patient denied having signs and symptoms of melena, hematochezia, or hematemesis. Her medical history was significant for peptic ulcer disease, and the patient had had multiple endoscopies in the past 6 years. It was learned that she had 2 clean-based antral ulcers 5 years prior (Figure 1) and was started on lansoprazole, which she could not afford and so was switched to omeprazole, which she used intermittently. She also admitted to past use of an over-the-counter analgesic consisting of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine. Figure 1 A previous endoscopic image showing a single pyloric channel. On examination, the patient’s abdomen was soft and nondistended. Bowel sounds were present in all 4 quadrants. Mild tenderness was present over the epigastrium. Her hematocrit was 39.3%, and her basic laboratory findings were within normal limits. Imaging studies included an upper gastrointestinal series, which showed an accessory tract within the pylorus (Figure 2). An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) showed incidental findings of 2 separate openings of the pylorus into the small intestine, with clean-based gastric and duodenal bulb ulcers (Figure 3). Biopsies also were taken for Helicobacter pylori, the results of which were negative. Figure 2 An upper gastrointestinal series showing contrast in both channels (arrows). Figure 3 An esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a double pylorus. A clean-based ulcer is also visible. The patient was diagnosed with double pylorus, an uncommon complication of peptic ulcer disease. The patient was started on a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and discharged in stable condition. She was also instructed to avoid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
A Comment on the Accounting and Auditing Law of Georgia

This article comments on the Accounting and Auditing Law of the Republic of Georgia.The Georgian law “On Accounting and Auditing of Financial Reporting” was signed into law in 2012. Some of its provisions became effective immediately, while others became effective in January 1, 2013. The law includes 17 Articles on a wide range of accounting and auditing topics.The purpose of the present paper is not to dissect each Article, but rather to provide an overview and general comments from a Western perspective.