cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Spontaneous Murine Melanoma Lung Metastasis Comprised of Host × Tumor Hybrids

Cells from a lung metastasis, arising from Cloudman S91 melanoma cells implanted s.c. in the tail of a BALB/c nu/nu mouse, were comprised chiefly of host x tumor hybrids. These lung metastasis cells showed: (a) 30-40% increased DNA content; (b) resistance to 10(-4) M hypoxanthine, 4 x 10(-7) M aminopterin, and 1.6 x 10(-5) M thymidine (HAT) + G418; and (c) the presence in genomic DNA of genes for both wt and albino tyrosinase, reflecting the DBA/2J (Cloudman S91) and BALB/c mouse genotypes, respectively. Individual clones of lung metastasis cells expressed enhanced pigmentation, motility, and responsiveness to MSH/IBMX, a behavior similar to that recently reported for artificially generated melanoma x macrophage fusion hybrids. These similarities suggested that the host fusion partner generating the lung metastasis hybrids might have been a macrophage, although formal proof for this was not possible. The results provide the first direct evidence that host x tumor hybridization could serve as an initiating mechanism for melanoma metastasis.
Gaussian process regression model for normalization of LC-MS data using scan-level information

Background: Differences in sample collection, biomolecule extraction, and instrument variability introduce bias to data generated by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Normalization is used to address these issues. In this paper, we introduce a new normalization method using the Gaussian process regression model (GPRM) that utilizes information from individual scans within an extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) of a peak. The proposed method is particularly applicable for normalization based on analysis order of LC-MS runs. Our method uses measurement variabilities estimated through LC-MS data acquired from quality control samples to correct for bias caused by instrument drift. Maximum likelihood approach is used to find the optimal parameters for the fitted GPRM. We review several normalization methods and compare their performance with GPRM. Results: To evaluate the performance of different normalization methods, we consider LC-MS data from a study where metabolomic approach is utilized to discover biomarkers for liver cancer. The LC-MS data were acquired by analysis of sera from liver cancer patients and cirrhotic controls. In addition, LC-MS runs from a quality control (QC) sample are included to assess the run to run variability and to evaluate the ability of various normalization method in reducing this undesired variability. Also, ANOVA models are applied to the normalized LC-MS data to identify ions with intensity measurements that are significantly different between cases and controls. Conclusions: One of the challenges in using label-free LC-MS for quantitation of biomolecules is systematic bias in measurements. Several normalization methods have been introduced to overcome this issue, but there is no universally applicable approach at the present time. Each data set should be carefully examined to determine the most appropriate normalization method. We review here several existing methods and introduce the GPRM for normalization of LC-MS data. Through our in-house data set, we show that the GPRM outperforms other normalization methods considered here, in terms of decreasing the variability of ion intensities among quality control runs.
Tactile stimulation of the oropharynx elicits sympathoexcitation in conscious humans

Tactile stimulation of the oropharynx (TSO) elicits the gag reflex and increases heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in anesthetized patients. However, the interaction between upper-airway defense reflexes and the sympathetic nervous system has not been investigated in conscious humans. In Experiment 1, beat-by-beat measurements of HR, MAP, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and renal vascular resistance (RVR) were measured during TSO and tactile stimulation of the hard palate (Sham) in the supine posture. In Experiment 2, TSO was performed before (pre) and after (post) inhalation of 4% lidocaine via nebulizer. Rate pressure product (RPP) was determined. Compared with Sham, TSO elicited the gag reflex and increased RPP [absolute change (Δ)36 ± 6 vs. 17 ± 5%], MSNA (Δ122 ± 39 vs. 19 ± 19%), and RVR (Δ55 ± 11 vs. 4 ± 4%). This effect occurred within one to two cardiac cycles of TSO. The ΔMAP (12 ± 3 vs. 6 ± 1 mmHg) and the ΔHR (10 ± 3 vs. 3 ± 3 beats/min) were also greater following TSO compared with Sham. Lidocaine inhalation blocked the gag reflex and attenuated increases in MAP (Δpre: 16 ± 2; Δpost: 5 ± 2 mmHg) and HR (Δpre: 12 ± 3; Δpost: 2 ± 2 beats/min) in response to TSO. When mechanically stimulated, afferents in the oropharynx not only serve to protect the airway but also cause reflex increases in MSNA, RVR, MAP, and HR. An augmented sympathoexcitatory response during intubation and laryngoscopy may contribute to perioperative cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Framework for instruction-level tracing and analysis of program executions

Program execution traces provide the most intimate details of a program's dynamic behavior. They can be used for program optimization, failure diagnosis, collecting software metrics like coverage, test prioritization, etc. Two major obstacles to exploiting the full potential of information they provide are: (i) performance overhead while collecting traces, and (ii) significant size of traces even for short execution scenarios. Reducing information output in an execution trace can reduce both performance overhead and the size of traces. However, the applicability of such traces is limited to a particular task. We present a runtime framework with a goal of collecting a complete, machine- and task-independent, user-mode trace of a program's execution that can be re-simulated deterministically with full fidelity down to the instruction level. The framework has reasonable runtime overhead and by using a novel compression scheme, we significantly reduce the size of traces. Our framework enables building a wide variety of tools for understanding program behavior. As examples of the applicability of our framework, we present a program analysis and a data locality profiling tool. Our program analysis tool is a time travel debugger that enables a developer to debug in both forward and backward direction over an execution trace with nearly all information available as in a regular debugging session. Our profiling tool has been used to improve data locality and reduce the dynamic working sets of real world applications.
Modular rollback through control logging: a pair of twin functional pearls

We present a technique, based on the use of first-class control operators, enabling programs to maintain and invoke rollback logs for sequences of reversible effects. Our technique is modular, in that it provides complete separation between some library of effectful operations, and a client, "driver" program which invokes and rolls back sequences of these operations. In particular, the checkpoint mechanism, which is entirely encapsulated within the effect library, logs not only the library's effects, but also the client's control state. Thus, logging and rollback can be almost completely transparent to the client code.This separation of concerns manifests itself nicely when we must implement software with sophisticated error handling. We illustrate with two examples that exploit the architecture to disentangle some core parsing task from its error management. The parser code is completely separate from the error-correction code, although the two components are deeply intertwined at run time.
Adaptation, evolution, and religion

Abstract Neo-Darwinian theories of religion include both nonadaptationist and adaptationist versions. Nonadaptationist versions contend that the mental architecture of the brain is wired for religious thinking but that religious concepts have piggybacked on other cognitive adaptations, especially those for agency detection. Religious concepts are not evolved biological adaptations but rather by-products of more general cognitive structures that are adaptations. Adaptationist versions concentrate on the benefits provided by religion, such as increased social cohesion and the individual benefits that stem from it, such as better physical and mental health and greater longevity. After clarifying the meaning of the terms ‘‘adaptation’’ and ‘‘adaptationism,’’ this article presents four lines of evidence in favor of the adaptationist position: (1) in the ancestral environment the role of the shaman was nearly universal and was primarily devoted to the crucial human goals of curing illness and protecting and fin...
Low sensitivity second-order bandpass digital filter structure

A new low sensitivity second-order bandpass digital filter structure is presented. The proposed structure has the smallest absolute angle, sensitivity and a moderate radius sensitivity for the pole angle /spl theta/ in the range 0.38/spl pi/ /spl les/ |/spl theta/| /spl les/ 0.44/spl pi/ and 0.56/spl pi/ /spl les/ |/spl theta/| /spl les/ 0.62/spl pi/ and for the radius in the range 0.5 /spl les/ r < 1.
Bowstroke database: a web-accessible archive of violin bowing data

This paper presents a newly created database containing calibrated gesture and audio data corresponding to various violin bowstrokes, as well as video and motion capture data in some cases. The database is web-accessible and searchable by keywords and subject. It also has several important features designed to improve accessibility to the data and to foster collaboration between researchers in fields related to bowed string synthesis, acoustics, and gesture.
The role of stigma in reasons for HIV disclosure and non-disclosure to children

Abstract This study examined how stigma may impact HIV-positive women's disclosure to their children. Participants included HIV-infected women recruited from AIDS service organizations located in large midwestern cities. Using a questionnaire and guided interview, quantitative data were obtained regarding perceived HIV-related stigma and rates of maternal disclosure to children aged 5–18. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test, comparison between the disclosure groups showed non-significant differences in the total score of HIV stigma (χ 2 =0.518 with df = 2, p=0.77).
Position by the Azimuth-Zenith Distance Method

A method of observing both azimuth and altitude (zenith distance) of a star simultaneously has been avoided in the past for second-order position determinations because of the mathematical difficulties involved in the calculations. The possibility of using this method as a result of the availability of electronic computers is investigated. A new approach is followed to derive simultaneous horizontal and vertical angle observations on a star or other moving objects such as satellites. A mathematical model is developed to generate these simultaneous observations instead of using the intersection of the telescope crosshairs which was found to be impractical and inaccurate. The same mathematical model is suitable for determining the instrument errors as unknowns together with the principal unknowns, the elements of position, latitude, longitude and the orientation (zero) connection to the azimuth. An accuracy analysis of the results is also given.
Towards a Computational Model of Why Some Students Learn Faster than Others

Learners that have better metacognition acquire knowledge faster than others who do not. If we had better models of such learning, we would be able to build a better metacognitive educational system. In this paper, we propose a computational model that uses a probabilistic context free grammar induction algorithm yielding metacognitive learning by acquiring deep features to assist future learning. We discuss the challenges of integrating this model into a synthetic student, and possible future studies in using this model to better understand human learning. Preliminary results suggest that both stronger prior knowledge and a better learning strategy can speed up the learning process. Some model variations generate human-like error pattern.
Libel Lessons from Across the Pond - What British Courts Can Learn from the United States' Chilling Experience with the 'Multiple Publication Rule' in Traditional Media and the Internet

At a time when the United Kingdom was still a global empire and the United States a sapling nation, the “multiple publication rule” (“MPR”) was a core principle of defamation law for both countries. This common law rule, begun in the mid-nineteenth century, permits plaintiffs to file lawsuits for one defamatory act in multiple jurisdictions, and under an endlessly renewable statute of limitations. The MPR is consistent with early defamation law which dictated that each time a libelous article was brought to the attention of a third person a new publication had occurred, and that each publication was a separate, fresh tort, actionable wherever it transpired. However, by the early 1940s exploitation of the rule, together with technological breakthroughs like the high-speed printing press, convinced U.S. courts that the rule endangered the viability of the publishing industry by threatening it with overwhelming, endless litigation. The vast majority of U.S. courts eventually abandoned the rule where the alleged libel involved traditional media and, later, the Internet. Meanwhile, across the pond in the United Kingdom, the multiple publication rule is still in effect today - decades after the U.S. abandoned it. Yet, policymakers in London are reconsidering the soundness of the rule, in the wake of its recent online applications by libel plaintiffs against both U.K. and foreign citizens. To complement this effort, this article provides a comprehensive account of the U.S. courts’ more than 100 year entanglement with the MPR, along with a comparison of U.K. and U.S. common law, to bring greater clarity and direction to British discourse on a legal matter of international significance.
TS Diagram for on-Line Monitoring of the RHIC Refrigerator

The Brookhaven National Laboratory RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) 25 kW helium refrigerator1 is now operating for the first time on the occasion of the first sextant test. A computer program, written in Visual Basic and running on a PC, has been developed as an on-line diagnosis tool. This piece of software overlays a theoretical and a live display of the refrigerator cycle on the Ts plane. The diagram is a graphical representation of the deviation from the theoretical state. This provides a visual feedback to refrigerator operators who can then make necessary adjustments. Any additional values of interest, such as work, efficiencies etc., are also available on the diagram or as a table summarizing performance.
Housing Finance and Real-Estate Booms : A Cross-Country Perspective

Abstract The recent global financial crisis has highlighted the potential conflict between improving access to housing finance and maintaining financial stability. Using a new dataset on housing finance and house prices for a sample of more than 50 countries, this paper analyzes the dynamic relationship between household credit and house-price booms. It also examines the potential role of some housing finance characteristics on the likelihood of house-price booms and on how they ended. The following stylized patterns are highlighted. First, credit and house-price booms are tightly linked. Second, house-price booms have occurred more often with a twin credit boom (simultaneous booms in both household and firm credit) than with a solo boom in household credit. Third, house-price booms seem to be more likely in countries with higher loan to value ratios and mortgage funding models based on securitization or wholesale sources. Finally, we find that the majority of house-price booms end up with a recession, and that both twin credit booms and non-retail deposit funding predict a worse landing.
Contraction-induced intracellular signals and their relationship to muscle GLUT-4 concentration

This investigation used a model of increased skeletal muscle contractile activity to evaluate whether the adenylate cyclase-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and/or the high-energy phosphate state of the muscle might be temporally related to the contraction-induced increase in skeletal muscle GLUT-4 protein concentration. Plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 3, 7, 14, or 28 days of chronic low-frequency electrical stimulation (10 Hz, 24 h/day). GLUT-4 protein concentration was slightly reduced after 3 days of electrical stimulation, similar to control values at 7 days and significantly elevated above control at 14 days (53%, P < 0.05) and 28 days (338%, P < 0.05) of stimulation. ATP, creatine phosphate, creatine, and P, were inversely related to GLUT-4 protein concentration. Adenylate cyclase activity increased with electrical stimulation and was significantly related to the increased GLUT-4 protein. cAMP was significantly increased at 14 days of stimulation and remained elevated through 28 days. These results demonstrate that both the adenylate cyclase-cAMP pathway and the high-energy phosphate state of the muscle are temporally related to elevations in skeletal muscle GLUT-4 protein concentration in response to chronic low-frequency electrical stimulation and, as such, suggest that both may comprise a component of the intracellular signal that regulates the contraction-induced increase in skeletal muscle GLUT-4 protein concentration.
Engaging Ethics: A Review of Ethics in Action: Dialogue Between Knowledge and Practice, Edited by Sabrina Cipolletta and Erminio Gius, Milan, Italy: Edizioni Universitarie di Letter Economia Diritto, 2012, 150 pp. ISBN 978-88-7916-590-7. € 22.50

As the title suggests, the editors’ purpose in compiling this collection of chapters is to stimulate thinking and dialogue on ethics in action, or the various ways we enact ethics. In the introduct...
Osteoarthritis: Definition, Etiology, and Natural History

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of disability in adults. The prevalence increases with age, with a surprising 13.9 % of the population over 25 years old being affected and 33.6 % of the population over 65 years old affected [1].
Robust H∞ Control Analysis for Uncertain Descriptor Discrete -time Linear Systems

The robust H∞ control problem of uncertain descriptor discrete-time linear systems with time-varying norm-bounded parameter uncertainty is studied. In terms of a discrete algebraic Riccati inequality, a sufficient condition is obtained for an uncertain descriptor discrete-time linear system to be regular, causal relation and asymptotically stable as well as the transfer function satisfying a prescribed H∞-norm bound.
Bayesian computational sensor networks: Small-scale structural health monitoring

Abstract The Bayesian Computational Sensor Network methodology is applied to small-scale structural health monitoring. A mobile robot, equipped with vision and ultrasound sensors, maps small-scale structures for damage (e.g., holes, cracks) by localizing itself and the damage in the map. The combination of vision and ultrasound reduces the uncertainty in damage localization. The data storage and analysis takes place exploiting cloud computing mechanisms, and there is also an off-line computational model calibration component which returns information to the robot concerning updated on-board models as well as proposed sampling points. The approach is validated in a set of physical experiments.
Exotic Charmonium-Like States from Belle

I summarized the recent results from Belle experiment on the exotic charmonium-like states. In the last decade, Belle has played a leading role in the charmonium spectroscopy by finding many new charmonium(-like) states. Few of the assorted studies from Belle are compiled by me which are: recent results of the X(3872) and the charged \(Z_c\) states.
An empirical assessment of writing and research proficiency in HBCU social work students

ABSTRACTLack of proficiency in writing and research among social work students has increasingly concerned social work educators and practitioners. Given the significance of written communication with clients and emphasis on evidence-based practice in the field of social work, it is critical to assess students’ competence in both writing and research. However, deficit-based approaches to assessing writing and research competence have disadvantaged students at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). This pilot study aims to assess writing and research proficiency of HBCU master’s of social work (MSW) students through empirical analysis of their capstone papers and surveys from educators to provide implications for developing a writing and research manual for social work programs at HBCUs. Ten capstone papers were randomly selected and qualitatively analyzed; nine faculty and one field supervisor completed the survey, and their respondents were analyzed using cross-case analysis. Analyses of th...
Between Law and Custom: Women, Family Law and Marriage in Pakistan*

In this study, women’s marriage experiences in Pakistan, specifically their agency and autonomy to enter and terminate their marriages, were examined. Qualitative interviews with 15 women living in...
Improving the voltage stability and performance of power networks using power electronics based FACTS controllers

This paper discusses the modern trend in power networks regarding the applications of Power Electronic devices and how they are replacing the conventional methods of improving the power networks performance. The role of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) for voltage stability and reactive power compensation is described and how FACTS controllers are making our power systems more efficient. The main focus is on the role of Static Var Compensator (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) in improving the voltage and power stability of the power networks. In the end a comparison is being made between these FACTS controllers.
Myelopathy Due to Duplication of the Laminae

This is a congenital condition in which the laminae are duplicated causing a mass effect resulting in cord compression
Chemotherapy-Induced Activation of Hemostasis: Dalteparin Suppresses Both Thrombin and Interleukin-6 Expression in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy.

Thrombotic events are well documented in patients with cancer and have frequently been described in the setting of systemic chemotherapy. We have previously reported (Thromb Haemost 2002; 88:213–220) that patients treated for breast and lung cancer demonstrate significant hemostatic activation, as documented by increases in thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes and D-dimers, within 1 hour of receiving chemotherapy. The hemostatic effects appear to be cumulative with baseline pretreatment levels of TAT increasing with progressive cycles of chemotherapy. In the same study, we demonstrated that a single injection of dalteparin, a LMW heparin, administered prior to therapy could suppress hemostatic activation. We proposed that the progressive increases in basal thrombin generation resulted from chemotherapy-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines. We measured plasma levels of Il-6 in the 10 women with early stage breast cancer from this study who were receiving cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients had plasma samples drawn prior to each cycle of chemotherapy, and at 1 hour, 24 and 48 hours after treatment. Prior to 2nd cycle of chemotherapy the patients received 2500 U dalteparin, prior to the 4th cycle of treatment, the patients received 5000 U dalteparin. No LMW heparin was given with the 1st and 3rd cycles. There were statistically significant increases in plasma TAT and D-dimers after chemotherapy in cycles 1 and 3. There was a significant increase in basal thrombin generation as measured over the four cycles of treatment unrelated to the presence of active cancer. Both pretreatment doses of dalteparin effectively prevented increases in markers of hemostatic activation after receiving chemotherapy. With each cyle of chemotherapy the 1 hour Il-6 levels were slightly lower than the pretreatment levels, but this was not statistically significant and could reflect a direct effect of the chemotherapeutic regimen on cytokine production. However, in cycle 1 and 3 the Il-6 levels increased to greater than pretreatment levels by 48 hours. There was a statistically significant increase in plasma Il-6 levels measured prior to the 4th cycle of chemotherapy when compared to the plasma Il-6 measured prior to the 1st cycle (4.976pg/ml± 1.620 vs 3.30 pg/ml±1.005 ; P
The Catholic Church and Mexican American Social Mobility in the Postwar Midwest: Evidence from Life and Family Histories:

Religious affiliation has long been recognized as a relevant factor among the variables that intervene in the integration of immigrants to American society. While previous generations of many predo...
Effekte der Sprachlernerfahrung auf den Erwerb einer „Neue Medien-Kompetenz“. Eine Fallstudie zur medienpädagogischen Aus- und Weiterbildung von Deutsch-als-Fremdsprache-Lehrkräften

Neue Medien sind Teil der modernen deutschen Gesellschaft und Trager von Kultur und Sprache uber Landesgrenzen hinaus. In kei¬ner Fremdsprachendidaktik sind neue Medien ein so aktuelles Thema wie in der deutschen. Tatsachlich sind die Wissens- und Fahigkeitsbestande aber unterschiedlich. Die Forderung einer „Neue Medien-Kompetenz” ist ein Anliegen der Autorin. Darum bietet dieser Artikel a) eine Zusammenfassung theoretischer und praktischer Erkenntnisse in Form eines mog¬li¬chen „idealen” Weiterbildungsmodells fur Deutsch-als-Fremd¬spra¬che-Lehrkrafte sowie b) die Auswertung einer Durchfuhrung in ab¬gewandelter Form und c) gewonnene Erkenntnisse aus der damit verbundenen Erhebung. New Media are part of a modern German society. They carry culture and language across countries' borders. Recently, no foreign language didactics foster new media as much as the German as foreign language (GFL) didactics. But practically, the knowledge and skill sets are different. To advance a "New Media Competence" is an interest of the author. Therefore, this article offers a) a summary of theoretical and practical insights concluding in a possible and ideal further education model for GFL-teachers, b) the evaluation of an adapted implementation, and c) insights gained from the data collected within this implementation.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Echocardiography in the Diagnosis of Infective Endocarditis

M-mode echocardiography is frequently requested to “rule out endocarditis” in the evaluation of patients whose clinical course is suggestive of infective endocarditis. Though many reports in the literature (1–6) have described echocardiographic findings in patients with known endocarditis, the specificity and sensitivity of this test for detecting evidence of endocarditis when clinically suspected has not been determined. Published series have reported finding echocardiographic evidence of endocarditis in from 34% to 80% of patients with the clinical diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis (1–3). These studies do not indicate how frequently echocardiograms were incorrectly interpreted as showing evidence of endocarditis. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the specificity and sensitivity of echocardiography as a diagnostic test for infective endocarditis when clinically suspected.
High-frequency oscillations in awake patients undergoing brain tumor-related epilepsy surgery

Objective To examine the relationship between high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) and the presence of preoperative seizures, World Health Organization tumor grade, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutational status in gliomas. Methods We retrospectively studied intraoperative electrocorticography recorded in 16 patients with brain tumor (12 presenting with seizures) who underwent awake craniotomy and surgical resection between September 2016 and June 2017. The number and distribution of HFOs were determined and quantified visually and with an automated HFO detector. Results Five patients had low-grade (1 with grade I and 4 with grade II) and 11 had high-grade (6 with grade III and 5 with grade IV) brain tumors. An IDH1 mutation was found in 6 patients. Patients with a history of preoperative seizures were more likely to have HFOs than those without preoperative seizures (9 of 12 vs 0 of 4, p = 0.02). The rate of HFOs was higher in patients with IDH1 mutant (mean 7.2 per minute) than IDH wild-type (mean 2.3 per minute) genotype ( p = 0.03). Conclusions HFOs are common in brain tumor-related epilepsy, and HFO rate may be a useful measure of epileptogenicity in gliomas. Our findings further support the notion that IDH1 mutant genotype is more epileptogenic than IDH1 wild-type genotype gliomas.
Does intestinal resection affect the absorption of essential vitamins, minerals, and bile salts? An overview of the literature

As the number of persons living long lives following ostomy and bowel resection surgery increases, so do their questions about the effect of surgery on chronic conditions commonly associated with aging. The literature was reviewed to evaluate current evidence about the effect of bowel resection on the absorption of vitamins and minerals and related health concerns such as osteoporosis, gallstones, and renal calculi. Present knowledge about the process of vitamin and mineral absorption in the intestine and clinical study results suggest that chronic inflammation and corticosteroid use may adversely affect absorption. In general, a history of bowel resection does not appear to increase the risk of developing osteoporosis, gallstones, or renal calculi and the body can adjust to losing significant sections of intestine. Strategies to help prevent the majority of long-term complications should be encouraged, including monitoring hydration and transit time, consuming low-digestible carbohydrates, and avoiding processed foods as well as agents with chelating properties.
Deconstructing the Electrochemical Basis of ASTM G34 and ANCIT

ASTM G34 and ANCIT are full immersion tests designed to measure exfoliation susceptibility of aluminum alloys (Al alloys). G34 works well for certain 7XXX series alloys such as AA7178and AA7075, bu...
Refinement of Pellet radii for matrix polynomials

We derive a new family of polynomial multipliers that improve the Pellet radii of matrix polynomials, which determine an annulus in the complex plane devoid of eigenvalues, and that generalize and ...
Elucidation of bonding trends from variability in Atomic Solid State Energies

Abstract The solid state energy (SSE) of an element in a specified oxidation state corresponds to the average energy of a frontier orbital, i.e., the energy of the lowest-unoccupied state (electron affinity) for a cation or the highest-occupied state (ionization potential) for an anion. Thus SSE, like electronegativity, accounts for diverse chemical properties by assigning a single, scalar quantity to an element. SSEs are evaluated by averaging electron affinities (EA) or ionization potentials (IP) for all relevant compounds within the database. For a given element, EAs or IPs cover a range of energies; we define this distribution to be SSE variability. We show that SSE variability reveals a systematic chemical trend: as interatomic distances decrease, EA moves upward toward the vacuum level, while IP moves downward. Consequently, the band gap increases around a universal energy reference at −4.5 eV. In an elemental solid, this relationship between EA/IP energy and interatomic distance arises from electronic-charge sharing (covalent bonding), while in a binary compound it arises from electronic charge redistribution (polar covalence). By extension, we suggest that this EA/IP-interatomic distance trend does not arise from electronic charge transfer (ionic bonding).
The Use of Waveform Capnography During Neonatal and Pediatric Transport

Purpose: Waveform capnography (WC) is used to non-invasively approximate the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide. WC helps confirm initial and maintained endotracheal tube placement, assess the adequacy of mechanical ventilation, and detect the return of spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). As an extension of the intensive care setting, WC measurement may provide similar information in neonatal and pediatric critical care transport. No published data exist describing WC use during neonatal and pediatric transports. We studied the prevalence of current transport WC monitoring, associated clinical indications, and …
Characterisation of Thomas in the Fourth Gospel

Thomas appears four times within the narrative framework of the Fourth Gospel (Jn 11:16; 14:5; 20:24–28; 21:2). His presence in the Gospel introduces some of the strategic transitions within the macro-narrative structure. The following are some of the crucial moments that are introduced through the entry of Thomas: firstly, Thomas’ character is brought to the foreground towards the end of Jesus’ public ministry, where a transition is underway through Lazarus’ death and raising to Jesus’ death and resurrection (11:16); secondly, he appears as a significant interlocutor engaged in dialogue so that Jesus’ identity as ‘the way, the truth, and the life’ may be revealed to the disciples during his private ministry (Jn 14:5–6); thirdly, Thomas’ character appears towards the climax of the Book of Glory as he is instrumental in revealing the identity of Jesus as ‘Lord’ and ‘God’ (Jn 20:24–29); and fourthly, he appears as one of the seven disciples during the post-resurrection context in Galilee (Jn 21:2). The unique placement of Thomas communicates something significant about the character and his development within the narrative.
A Short Tour of Global Risks

This article is based on the author's Homer Jones Memorial Lecture delivered at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Wednesday, June 25, 2019.
PG19 Resuscitation in covid patients- an in-situ simulation that resulted in immediate change of practice

Introduction Early in the coronavirus epidemic prior to lockdown, the resus council released its guidance on resuscitation in patients who were considered high risk for covid. We tested the guidance with a multiprofessional in situ sim on AMU. Design Teams from AMU, theatres and anaesthetics and the trust lead for resuscitation attended AMU for a prebrief. Our simulation team admitted SimMan into a side room on the AMU as a possible covid patient but as per guidance at that time was not being nursed with level 3 PPE. The anaesthetic team were to be on ITU where they would normally be based if covering the crash bleep. The nurse in charge of the patient was the first responder who noticed a change in their patient and called a junior doctor. By the time the junior doctor arrived the patient was in cardiac arrest and a crash call put out. The time taken to respond, to establish a secure airway and to initiate first shock were noted. There was then a multiprofessional debrief involving all of the teams. The simulation was repeated a week later to see if findings were consistent. Results Time taken to establish a secure airway was on average 15 minutes with time to first shock being administered of 7 minutes. The requirement for full PPE added a significant delay and complication to the process. The anaesthetists found difficulty in ensuring cross contamination did not occur when using airway adjuncts. Discussion We felt the delay in establishing an airway and instigating the first shock was unacceptable. This was despite the team being primed and ready to respond to the crash when it happened. We therefore changed local guidance ahead of national guidance being altered that the first attender could deliver a shock even if not in PPE. The need for early discussion around DNACPR was established and because of this simulation awareness of this issue was spread before national guidance was circulated. Changes were made to the crash trolley including transparent bags for the anaesthetists to keep used equipment clean and to hand. The juniors involved summarised their learning (appendix) and circulated this to the junior staff. It is not often that we are able to demonstrate such a clear change in practice as being directly applicable to a simulation. This undoubtedly had a clear benefit for our patients.
ATRT-15. LY6D – A CANDIDATE FOR NANOPARTICLE-BASED TARGETED THERAPIES OF ATRT

Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors (ATRT) are aggressive brain malignancies of the infant. Despite intensive multimodal therapy, the overall prognosis remains poor, making investigations on targeted therapies crucial. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is known to inhibit cell growth of ATRT in vitro and in vivo but its efficacy in solid tumors is limited by its adverse effects. We aimed to characterize whether a nanoparticle-based drug delivery could overcome these limitations. Therefore metal-organic frameworks containing ATO (MOF-ATO) were constructed. To improve drug specificity further, we searched for unique proteins on the surface of ATRT, in order to create antibody-drug-conjugates out of MOF-ATO and an ATRT-specific ligand. ATRT are marked by a biallelic loss of SMARCB1, which results in an activation of the repressive histone methyltransferase EZH2. After chemical inhibition of EZH2 with GSK126, a mass spectrometric based screening for differentially expressed surface proteins was performed. Treatment with ATO, as well as MOF-ATO and GSK126 each reduces the cell viability of ATRT cell lines. It results in a cell cycle arrest and an induction in apoptosis, being analysed via MTT test and flow cytometry. GSK126 treatment causes a significant upregulation of several cell surface proteins, upon them the Lymphocyte antigen 6 family member D (LY6D). Being rarely expressed on other human cells, this protein is an interesting candidate. An antibody-drug-conjugate consisting of MOF-ATO and LY6D-ligands could be a promising approach for future targeted therapies of ATRT.
False dilemmas and settler colonial studies: response to Lorenzo Veracini: ‘Is Settler Colonial Studies Even Useful?’

In his provocative commentary, Lorenzo Veracini suggests that the relationship between the fields of postcolonial studies and settler colonial studies ‘is predicated on filiation, not opposition’.1...
A Typology of Justice Department Lawyers' Roles and Responsibilities

President Trump’s administration has persistently challenged the legitimacy of the Department of Justice (“DOJ”). In the past, DOJ, like other governmental institutions, has been fairly resilient. Informal norms and practices have served to preserve its proper functioning, even under pressure. The strain of the past three years, however, has been different in kind and scale. This Article offers a typology of different roles for DOJ lawyers and argues that over time the institution has evolved by allocating different functions and responsibilities to different positions within DOJ. By doing so, it has for the most part maintained the proper balance between independence and responsiveness to the administration. By explaining these roles and responsibilities, this Article both describes the different DOJ lawyer roles and seeks to strengthen the institution by making the informal norms that preserve and protect its mission more explicit. The Article concludes that, as DOJ expanded, it evolved to allow the Attorney General to balance the political and legal responsibilities of his office. He does so by advising and implementing administration policies while preventing impermissible political considerations from influencing those DOJ officials who are charged with the neutral interpretation and enforcement of the law.
Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7

The identification of human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 (HHV-6) and 7 (HHV-7) was first reported in 1986 and 1990, respectively. HHV-6 was isolated initially from the blood of several immunodeficient adults, including some with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1). The existence of HHV-7 was first revealed in the blood of a healthy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative adult (2). Extensive investigations since then have established that these viruses are ubiquitous in the general population and are responsible for the majority of cases of roseola, a common febrile rash illness of infants (3, 4, 5). This chapter provides a general overview of HHV-6 and HHV-7 and a summary of present knowledge related to the diagnosis of congenital and perinatal infections.
Ambulatory Care Fragmentation and Incident Stroke.

Background More fragmented ambulatory care (ie, care spread across many providers without a dominant provider) has been associated with excess emergency department and inpatient care. We sought to ...
How green product demands influence industrial buyer/seller relationships, knowledge, and marketing dynamic capabilities

Abstract This research investigates the influence of “green” products on industrial buyers’ and sellers’ behaviors and marketing capabilities through the lenses of procurement managers and marketing managers. The work offers a parsimonious measure for “green product demands” and applies social network theory to better understand the interplay of relational embeddedness, knowledge redundancy, and vertical competitive activity with buyers’ green product demands and sellers’ overall marketing dynamic capabilities. The findings suggest that relational embeddedness and knowledge redundancy are full mediators of the effect of buyers’ green product demands on sellers’ marketing dynamic capabilities, and vertical competitive activity may moderate the direct effects of green product demands. Findings also illuminate similarities and differences between procurement managers’ and marketing managers’ views of these relationships in terms of valence and magnitude. This research builds on current literature concerning green marketing and green supply chain management, as well as provides managers with insights regarding industrial buyer/seller interactions in a dynamic green market environment.
The After Effects Illusionist: All the Effects in One Complete Guide

Covers CS4This cookbook contains recipe after recipe that allow you to harness the full power of the native plug-in effects in the After Effects application. In a step-by-step manner, author Chad Perkins guides you through the creation and application of each and every native plug-in effect available for use in the AE toolset. The book also shows you how each can be used optimally in your media project, when and why it makes sense to use each, and also how to combine multiple effects.From 3D Channel Effects to Audio Effects to Expression Controls Effects and all in between, this book puts the full power of the AE plug-in effects in your hands. It shows you how to create, among others:- the shatter effect- the matte choker effect- the fractal noise effect- the radial shadow effect- the timecode effect- the venetian blinds effectA DVD that contains tutorial project files is included with the book, allowing you to work hand-in-hand with the lessons in the book.All exercise files on the CD are for use in CS4 only. Non-exercise files on the CD are compatible with any version of After Effects. * Fully harness the power of AE with ingredient-by-ingredient recipes for creating effects using the native plug-ins in After Effects* Features inspiring 4 color presentation and insight into when and why certain effects should be used* Companion CD features tutorial project files allowing you to work hand-in-hand with the lessons in the book* For use with CS4 or CS3- All exercise files on the CD are for use in CS4 only. Non-exercise files on the CD are compatible with any version of After Effects.
Integrating Knowledge Management, Learning Mechanisms, and Company Performance

This paper addresses some of the characteristics of learning in knowledge-based work environments. The role that learning mechanisms play in the firm's ability to create, transfer and enhance knowledge is discussed as well as sustaining learning and competitiveness. The work involves a field study of a software development firm [SDF] that utilizes agent-based technologies and other "cooperative decision making" tools, a platform architecture, and "extreme programming".
Sleeping with Dragons? Politically Embedded Lawyers Suing the Chinese State

Over the past two decades, lawyers have sued the Chinese state in hundreds of thousands of cases. Yet, because the literature has focused on a small minority of well-know lawyers and activists described as rights defenders (weiquan 维权), we know almost nothing about the tens of thousands of lawyers that take these cases.Using administrative litigation as a lens, this paper presents a much more representative picture of the legal profession and the boarder politico-legal establishment. Based on 126 interviews with lawyers at randomly selected firms throughout China; I show that it is not motivation or ideology that distinguish administrative litigators, but rather their experience and connections. Close ties to the state tend to make these litigators more moderate than prominent rights defenders, but they are probably more effective and certainly more numerous. They are establishment players trying to force incremental change from inside a still profoundly authoritarian system. Further, their challenge to that system is often diluted because they may also represent the state in court. Nevertheless, politically embedded lawyers are committed to and in many ways the best hope for rule of law in China.Additionally, I show that a minority of administrative cases are reluctantly taken on by lawyers because of pre-existing relationships with or sympathy for a client. While most will do little more than an occasional administrative case, I suggest that these reluctant administrative litigators have been and will continue to be the most likely source of future radical rights defenders. Finally, I propose that the literature on cause lawyering in other contexts can learn from this approach to the Chinese case. Instead of coming up with a preconceived notion of who cause lawyers are, a better and more empirically driven approach is to identify the kinds of cases we are interested in and then try to figure out which lawyers are taking them.
Handbook on International Sports Law

Contents: Preface James A.R. Nafziger and Stephen F. Ross PART I: FOUNDATION AND STRUCTURE 1. International Sports Law James A.R. Nafziger 2. The Court of Arbitration for Sport Richard H. McLaren 3. Mediating Sports Disputes Ian Blackshaw 4. European and North American Models of Sports Organization James A.R. Nafziger 5. Models of Sport Governance within the European Union Robert Siekmann and Janwillem Soek PART II: PROTECTION OF COMPETITION AND ATHLETES 6. Doping in Sport Richard W. Pound, Q.C. and Kerwin Clarke 7. Gambling on Sports Paul M. Anderson 8. Adjudicative Technology in Sports Simon Gardiner 9. Athlete Eligibility Requirements and Legal Issues Matthew J. Mitten and Timothy Davis 10. Anti-Discrimination Law and Policy Klaus Vieweg and Saskia Lettmaier 11. Protection of Young Athletes Steve Cornelius and Paul Singh PART III: COMMERCIAL ISSUES 12. Competition Law and Labor Markets Stephen F. Ross 13. The Tampering Prohibition, Antitrust, and Agreements between American and Foreign Sports Leagues Lewis Kurlantzick 14. European Regulation of Media Rights Chris Watson and Christine Graham 15. Intellectual Property Rights in Sports: A Comparative Overview of the USA, UK, and Italy Lucio Colantuoni and Cristiano Novazio 16. Recent Sports-related Issues in US Intellectual Property Law Anthony J. Dreyer 17. Image Rights Steve Cornelius 18. Legal Aspects of International Event Sponsorship Tone Jagodic 19. Players' Agents Roberto Branco Martins and Richard Parrish Index