cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive volumetric shadow maps

We introduce adaptive volumetric shadow maps (AVSM), a real-time shadow algorithm that supports high-quality shadowing from dynamic volumetric media such as hair and smoke. The key contribution of AVSM is the introduction of a streaming simplification algorithm that generates an accurate volumetric light attenuation function using a small fixed memory footprint. This compression strategy leads to high performance because the visibility data can remain in on-chip memory during simplification and can be efficiently sampled during rendering. We demonstrate that AVSM compression closely approximates the ground-truth correct solution and performs competitively to existing real-time rendering techniques while providing higher quality volumetric shadows.
On capacitated network design cut-set polyhedra

This paper provides an analysis of capacitated network design cut–set polyhedra. We give a complete linear description of the cut–set polyhedron of the single commodity – single facility capacitated network design problem. Then we extend the analysis to single commodity – multifacility and multicommodity – multifacility capacitated network design problems. Valid inequalities described here are applicable to directed network design problems with any number of facility types and any level of capacities. We report results from a computational study done for testing the effectiveness of the new inequalities.
An enhanced topology for reliability of a high performance 3.3V I/O buffer in a single-well bulk CMOS 1.8v-oxide low voltage process

The aggressive scaling of CMOS process is central to the continued performance enhancement of microprocessors. While the process scales every generation the I/O interface standards do not change at the same rate. This introduces a host of reliability issues. One not only needs to design for performance, but should also meet the reliability goals in the scaled technology for these standards. This paper presents a 3.3V I/O buffer designed using 1.8V transistors in a 65nm bulk CMOS process. Proposed I/O uses a novel differential amplifier based pre-driver topology, which has excellent gate-oxide reliability, runs at 200MHz and has comparative area and static power of an equivalent I/O in 65nm 3.3V CMOS process.
Cyclin E2, a novel G1 cyclin that binds Cdk2 and is aberrantly expressed in human cancers.

ABSTRACT A novel cyclin gene was discovered by searching an expressed sequence tag database with a cyclin box profile. The human cyclin E2 gene encodes a 404-amino-acid protein that is most closely related to cyclin E. Cyclin E2 associates with Cdk2 in a functional kinase complex that is inhibited by both p27Kip1 and p21Cip1. The catalytic activity associated with cyclin E2 complexes is cell cycle regulated and peaks at the G1/S transition. Overexpression of cyclin E2 in mammalian cells accelerates G1, demonstrating that cyclin E2 may be rate limiting for G1 progression. Unlike cyclin E1, which is expressed in most proliferating normal and tumor cells, cyclin E2 levels were low to undetectable in nontransformed cells and increased significantly in tumor-derived cells. The discovery of a novel second cyclin E family member suggests that multiple unique cyclin E-CDK complexes regulate cell cycle progression.
Air assessment for land treatment no‐migration

Air pathway assessments for three landfarm sites were conducted for compliance with the no-migration land disposal regulations. These assessments comprise of estimating the volatile and semi-volatile emissions from sludge application using the CHEMDAT model and estimating particulate emissions during application and tilling using the Fugitive Particulate Matter Air Emissions Guidance. Ambient concentrations at the unit boundary were predicted using the ISC dispersion models. Ambient air monitoring during application and tilling was included as a check on the emission and dispersion models.
Optical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol in Maritime Environments

Systematic characterization of aerosol over the oceans is needed to understand the aerosol effect on climate and on transport of pollutants between continents. Reported are the results of a comprehensive optical and physical characterization of ambient aerosol in five key island locations of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) of sun and sky radiometers, spanning over 2‐5 yr. The results are compared with aerosol optical depths and size distributions reported in the literature over the last 30 yr. Aerosol found over the tropical Pacific Ocean (at three sites between 208S and 208N) still resembles mostly clean background conditions dominated by maritime aerosol. The optical thickness is remarkably stable with mean value of ta(500 nm) 5 0.07, mode value at tam
Effect of Cell Shrinkage on Permeability of Cultured Bovine Aortic Endothelia and Frog Mesenteric Capillaries

1. We have tested the hypothesis that a reduction in endothelial cell volume increases microvessel permeability and that the degree of endothelial cell attachment to their basement membranes determines the magnitude of permeability changes caused by a reduction in endothelial cell volume. 2. A decrease in endothelial cell volume was imposed on both intact microvessels and cultured endothelial monolayers by raising osmolarity by 100 mosmol l-1. 3. We found that hypertonic solutions did not increase the hydraulic permeability (Lp) of individually perfused venular microvessels in frog mesentery when the perfusate contained albumin. Hypertonic solutions did increase Lp, however, after we perfused the microvessels with the peptide Gly-Arg-Gly Asp-Thr-Pro (GRGDTP; 0.3 mmol l-1), to disrupt integrin-dependent endothelial cell (EC) attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM). 4. After albumin was removed from the perfusate, hypertonic solutions increased Lp of microvessels and the permeability of endothelial monolayers to alpha-lactalbumin. 5. Our findings indicate that endothelial cell integrin-ECM binding plays a role in transducing changes in cell volume and/or shape into changes in permeability. We hypothesize that removal of albumin from the vascular perfusate may compromise EC-ECM interactions via an integrin-dependent mechanism.
Recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia: Wells' syndrome

: A 27-year-old woman developed a chronic, recurrent eruption of the face and upper extremities with the clinical and histopathologic features of recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia (Wells'syndrome). As described in 15 previously reported cases, this disorder is characterized by two clinical phases (ensinophilic cellulitis and granuloniatou plaque phase) and three histopathologic stages. The latter are particularly remarkable for a diffuse dermal and subcutaneous eosinophilia in acute lesions and scattered flame figures in chronic lesions. Distinctive findings in this case were the predominance of facial involvement and the symptomatic response to topical corticosteroids. Although etiology and pathogenesis are unknown, we feel that Wells'syndrome is a unique yet rarely recognized clinicopathologic entity.
REGIONAL TRAJECTORIES OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN CANADIAN MANUFACTURING

Techniques of production were measured for 18 manufacturing industries across 6 regions of Canada between 1961 and 1988. In any given year, production technology, measured by a pair of capital and labour input coefficients, varies markedly over space. The relative positions of regions in a two-dimensional technology-space appears consistent across industries. With industry-mix effects removed, multivariate analysis of variance confirms that regional differences in production techniques are significant. Further investigation reveals that spatial variations in techniques of production persist over time. These findings support the claims of evolutionary theorists, demonstrating that in Canadian manufacturing industries regions tend to move along distinct trajectories of technological change. On a mesure les techniques de production dans 18 industries manufacturieres de 6 regions du Canada au cours de la periode 1961-88. La technologie de production, mesuree par deux coefficients des entrees du capital et du travail, differe considerablement d'une region a l'autre a une annee donnee. Les positions relatives des regions par rapport aux deux dimensions espace-technologie se maintiennent dans toutes les industries. Si on ecarte les effets de la composition industrielle, l'analyse de variance a plusieurs variables demontre qu'il existe d'importantes differences regionales en techniques de production. L'analyse complementaire revele que les variations spatiales des techniques de production persistent a travers le temps. Ces resultats confirment la position des theoriciens evolutionnistes a l'effet que dans les industries manufacturieres canadiennes, les regions ont tendance a suivre des trajectoires distinctes de changements technologiques.
Decentralized load frequency control for load following services

This paper proposes a decentralized controller for the load frequency control operated as a load following service. Decentralization is achieved by developing a model for the interface variables, which consist of frequencies of other subsystems. To account for the modeling uncertainties, a local Kalman filter is designed to estimate each subsystem's own and interface variables. The controller uses these estimates, optimizes a given performance index, and allocates generating units's outputs according to a deregulation scenario. Two test systems are given to illustrate the proposed methodologies.
Noncanonical Wnt Signaling in Bone

The Wnt family of proteins plays essential roles conserved from ﬂies to human in many developmental processes including cell fate speciﬁcation, polarity, migration and proliferation. It has becoming increasingly clear that Wnt proteins activate multiple intracellular signaling cascades to achieve the diverse biological functions. One such cascade that has been most intensely studied to date involves the multi-functional protein
Television and Families: What Do Young Children Watch with Their Parents?.

A sample of 271 3- and 5-year-olds and their families participated in a 2-year longitudinal study of television viewing patterns. 5 1-week diaries for all family members were collected at 6-month intervals. Programs were categorized as: (1) child informative, (2) child entertainment, (3) news and informative, (4) sports, (5) comedy, (6) drama, (7) action-adventure, and (8) variety-game. The majority of child programs were viewed without parents, while the majority of adult programs were watched with parents. Coviewing patterns of adult programs were predicted from parents' individual viewing habits, but not from the child's. Coviewing declined with age. Parental encouragement and regulation of viewing were orthogonal. Children whose parents encouraged viewing watched more child informative programming; children of restrictive parents watched less entertainment programming. Encouraging parents coviewed more than nonencouraging parents. Results support the assertion that parental viewing preferences, habits, and orientations toward television influence children's viewing, both with and without parents. Language: en
Methodologic Issues in Studies of Mortality Following Epilepsy: Measures, Types of Studies, Sources of Cases, Cohort Effects, and Competing Risks

This paper addresses methodologic issues in studies of mortality, and the impact of these issues in studies of mortality in epilepsy. One important issue is to identify the question: Is it whether epilepsy increases the risk of dying? Or is it whether the underlying condition that led to epilepsy, itself associated with an increased risk for death, is the cause of increased mortality observed in epilepsy? Each measure for estimating mortality requires specific study designs. The mortality rate, case fatality, standardized mortality ratio (SMR) are calculated in prospective or retrospective cohort studies of death in epilepsy. Because the SMR is obtained by indirect standardization, it uses the age- and gender-distribution of the study group with epilepsy, which differs across studies. Thus, the SMR is impossible to compare across studies. The proportionate mortality ratio considers only the proportion of deaths that are due to epilepsy and is useful when denominators are unavailable, often the case in the developing world. Mortality studies in prevalent cohorts of people with epilepsy are compared to those in incident cohorts of epilepsy. The impact of different sources of cases on mortality in epilepsy is discussed. Finally, cohort effects and competing risks are examined. We conclude that the gold standard for studies on mortality should be a population-based cohort of incident cases. Only this type of cohort permits a complete collection of data and the observation of the clinical phase of the disease from the diagnosis of epilepsy to the outcome of the study, death.
Ascorbic Acid and Vitamin A Activity in Selected Vegetables from Different Geographical Areas of the United States

Reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) and Vitamin A (carotenoid) contents of six vegetables obtained from six cities in the United States at two seasons of the year were determined. Mean RAA content (mg/lOOg) of cabbage was 45.2, carrots 7.8, celery 6.0, corn 6.5, onions 8.4, and tomatoes 15.3. Vitamin C in cooked cabbage was 22.1, corn 6.2, and onions 5.7 mg/100g. Mean vitamin A activity (I.U.) of car- rots was 15,228, cabbage 114, celery 133, corn 219, and tomatoes 750. In cooked cabbage and corn, vitamin A content was 89 and 217 I.U., respectively. The RAA and vitamin A content of vege- tables from the six geographical areas varied significantly. Vitamin concentrations were generally lower than tabulated values. Reten- tion of RAA in cooked cabbage was 52%; in onions, 58%; and in corn, 98%. Vitamin A retention in cooked cabbage was 82%, and in cooked corn was 98%. cities, at two different seasons. The vegetables were obtained from six different areas in the United States: West (Seattle and Denver), Midwest (St. Louis and Minneapolis), and East (Boston and Atlanta), at two different times of the year. The source of the vegetables, including the gowing area (when known), and the months they were obtained, are given in Table 1. Produce typical of that being sold in each area was shipped directly to the University of Illinois via air freight to Champaign-Urbana, IL, stored at 4"C, and pre- pared for analysis within 48 hr of shipment. Tomatoes in some cases were held at room temperature (24°C) to ripen. The times and conditions during shipping were similar to what is encountered in transport from warehouses to market outlets. Sampling procedures All vegetables were analyzed raw, and cabbage, corn and onions were also cooked and analyzed. The vegetables were trimmed, peeled if necessary, washed in deionized distilled (DD) water, and blotted dry. Approximately 15-20 kg of each vegetable were sliced (carrots, celery, onions) or cut in eighths (tomatoes, cabbage). The samples for cooking and analyses were drawn from these com- posites. Approximately 7.5-10 kg of each vegetable were cooked by the methods given below. The cooked vegetables were combined and samples drawn from the composite for nutrient assay. Corn was husked, rinsed and blotted dry, and then cut from the cob for the raw samples. Corn was cooked on the cob and the kernels removed for the cooked samples. All cutting implements used were stainless steel, and care was taken to avoid contamination with minerals. Duplicate or triplicate determinations were performed for every nutrient for each raw or cooked vegetable at each sampling period from all of the geographical areas. Cooking methods
The Sumatriptan/Naratriptan Aggregated Patient (SNAP) Database: Aggregation, Validation and Application

Pooled data from multiple clinical trials can provide information for medical decision-making that typically cannot be derived from a single clinical trial. By increasing the sample size beyond that achievable in a single clinical trial, pooling individual-patient data from multiple trials provides additional statistical power to detect possible effects of study medication, confers the ability to detect rare outcomes, and facilitates evaluation of effects among subsets of patients. Data from pharmaceutical company-sponsored clinical trials lend themselves to data-pooling, meta-analysis, and data mining initiatives. Pharmaceutical company-sponsored clinical trials are arguably among the most rigorously designed and conducted of studies involving human subjects as a result of multidisciplinary collaboration involving clinical, academic and/or governmental investigators as well as the input and review of medical institutional bodies and regulatory authorities. This paper describes the aggregation, validation and initial analysis of data from the sumatriptan/naratriptan aggregate patient (SNAP) database, which to date comprises pooled individual-patient data from 128 clinical trials conducted from 1987 to 1998 with the migraine medications sumatriptan and naratriptan. With an extremely large sample size (>28000 migraineurs, >140000 treated migraine attacks), the SNAP database allows exploration of questions about migraine and the efficacy and safety of migraine medications that cannot be answered in single clinical trials enrolling smaller numbers of patients. Besides providing the adequate sample size to address specific questions, the SNAP database allows for subgroup analyses that are not possible in individual trial analyses due to small sample size. The SNAP database exemplifies how the wealth of data from pharmaceutical company-sponsored clinical trials can be re-used to continue to provide benefit.
On the minimum trapping distance of repeat accumulate accumulate codes

We consider the ensemble of codes formed by a serial concatenation of a repetition code with two accumulators through uniform random interleavers. For this ensemble, asymptotic expressions for the normalized minimum trapping distance are derived. We employ a variant of the Gallager-Zyablov-Pinsker bit flipping decoding algorithm on a binary symmetric channel, where the analysis is based on the factor graph of the code. In particular, we show that the minimum trapping distance can be determined by solving a non-linear optimization problem. As a result we find that the minimum trapping distance grows linearly with block length for code rates of 1/3 and smaller, albeit with very small growth rate coefficients.
Magnetic structure of NdB6

Abstract Neutron diffraction measurements were made on a polycrystalline sample of NdB 6 at 78 and 4.2 K. This material orders antiferromagnetically with a Neel temperature of 8.6 K. The magnetic structure inferred from the diffraction data indicates a simple antiferromagnetic doubling of the unit cell in one direction. Based on this structure a profile analysis of the data gives a magnetic moment at 4.2 K of 1.74 Bohr magnetons per neodymium ion.
Packet prediction for speculative cut-through switching

The amount of intelligent packet processing in an Ethernet switch continues to grow, in order to support of embedded applications such as network security, load balancing and quality of service assurance. This increased packet processing is contributing to greater per-packet latency through the switch.In addition, there is a growing interest in using Ethernet switches in low latency environments such as high-performance clusters, storage area networks and real-time media distribution. In this paper we propose Packet Prediction for Speculative Cut-through Switching (PPSCS), a novel approach to reducing the latency of modern Ethernet switches without sacrificing feature rich policy-based forwarding enabled by deep packet inspection.PPSCS exploits the temporal nature of network communications to predict the flow classification of incoming packets and begin the speculative forwarding of packets before complex lookup operations are complete.Simulation studies using actual network traces indicate that correct prediction rates of up to 97% are achievable using only a small amount of prediction circuitry per port. These studies also indicate that PPSCS can reduce the latency in traditional store-and-forward switches by nearly a factor of 8, and reduce the latency of cut-through switches by a factor of 3.
A Textbook Example of the Christian Right: The National Council on Bible Curriculum in Public Schools

According to the National Council on Bible Curriculum in Public Schools, a Christian Right organization, "the Bible was the foundation and blueprint for our Constitution, Declaration of Independence, our educational system, and our entire history until the last 20 to 30 years." The group claims that over 1,000 American public high schools use its Bible curriculum, which it characterizes as nonsectarian and scholarly. In fact, the various editions of this curriculum have been filled with factual errors, fringe scholarship, and plagiarism. With its promotion of a fundamentalist Protestant understanding of the Bible and a revisionist history of the United States as a distinctively (Protestant) Christian nation, the curriculum appears not to pass legal muster. Its growing use reflects the increasing influence of Christian Americanist ideology as well as the need for greater involvement of religious studies scholars in the issue of religion and public education.
Assessing the Institutional Approach to Implementing Smoking Cessation Practice Guidelines in Veterans Health Administration Facilities

National smoking cessation guidelines include recommended strategies for providers and health care organizations, but they offer little guidance on how to structure care. We conducted a cross-sectional survey at 40 Veterans Health Administration facilities, to describe the structure of smoking cessation care, to assess adherence to national guidelines, and to assess facilities' preferred approach to providing smoking cessation treatment. We categorized sites as those using a primary care approach (most smokers treated by the primary care provider) versus a specialty approach (medication restricted to smoking cessation clinics, to which most patients were referred). Nearly all sites reported systematic screening for smoking and counseling of smokers, usually by both nursing staff members and the primary care provider. Most sites used a specialty approach, restricting medication access to smokers attending a cessation program. Future research should evaluate whether this approach provides adequate access and responsiveness to patient preferences for the full population of smokers in primary care.
Influence of soil properties and soil moisture on the efficacy of indaziflam and flumioxazin on Kochia scoparia L.

Background Kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) is a highly competitive, non-native weed found throughout the western United States. Flumioxazin and indaziflam are two broad-spectrum pre-emergence herbicides that can control kochia in a variety of crop and non-crop situations; however, under dry conditions, these herbicides sometimes fail to control this important weed. There is very little information describing the effect of soil properties and soil moisture on the efficacy of these herbicides. Results Soil organic matter (SOM) explained the highest proportion of variability in predicting the herbicide dose required for 80% kochia growth reduction (GR80 ) for flumioxazin and indaziflam (R2 = 0.72 and 0.79 respectively). SOM had a greater impact on flumioxazin phytotoxicity compared to indaziflam. Flumioxazin and indaziflam kochia phytotoxicity was greatly reduced at soil water potentials below -200 kPa. Conclusion Kochia can germinate at soil moisture potentials below the moisture required for flumioxazin and indaziflam activation, which means that kochia control is greatly influenced by the complex interaction between soil physical properties and soil moisture. This research can be used to gain a better understanding of how and why some weeds, like kochia, are so difficult to manage even with herbicides that normally provide excellent control. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Clinical prediction rules.

I am writing to commend Childs and Cleland1 for their timely and insightful article on clinical prediction rules (CPRs) (January 2006). Their article highlights the potential value for practicing physical therapists who incorporate such rules into their clinical decision making and care delivery. As the authors note, however, the mere existence of high-quality guidelines does not guarantee that they will actually influence practitioner behavior. An important challenge is that guidelines demand the attention and memory of clinicians who are already overburdened. I concur with the authors’ recognition and discussion of the practical barriers to using CPRs, but was hoping that they would elaborate further on potential ways to overcome these challenges. I would like to extend their discussion of these issues to …
Ethics and Nostalgia in the Contemporary Novel: Nostalgia and narrative ethics in Caribbean literature

We need, therefore, a kind of parallel history of, let us say, victimisation, which would counter the history of success and victory. To memorize the victims of history – the sufferers, the humiliated, the forgotten – should be a task for all of us at the end of this century. – Paul Ricoeur, “Memory and Forgetting” One of the most disturbing consequences of colonization could well be this notion of a single History, and therefore of power, which has been imposed on others by the West. […] Because the Caribbean notion of time was fixed in the void of an imposed nonhistory, the writer must contribute to reconstituting its tormented chronology[.] – Edouard Glissant, Caribbean Discourse: Selected Essays The last chapter concluded with a rather ambivalent claim. If the longing for lost or imagined “homeplaces” is crucial to ethical insight in Beloved, Black Dogs , and The Unbelonging , it also threatens to promote essentialistic visions of community. Sethe's longing for the community once associated with the Clearing enables her to recommit herself to a new relationship with Paul D, but it previously led her to isolate herself from the outside world in an effort to create a homogeneous community for Denver, Beloved, and herself. The ambivalence of nostalgia in Morrison's text points to a more general theoretical problem facing the authors in this study: how to critique imperialist narratives without reinforcing their philosophical categories or biases.
Sample Selection, Methodology and Implications for the Have Nots: A Commentary on Professors Nielsen's and Albitson's 'the Organizational Environment of Public Interest Practice 1975-2000'

This is a commentary by Professor Beny on Professors Nielsen's and Albiston's empirial study, "The Organizational Environment of Public Interest Practice: 1975-2000," 84 N.C. L. REV. 102, 116 (2006). Both Nielsen's and Albiston's empirical study and Professor Beny's commentary were presented at the University of North Carolina Law Review Symposium, Empirical Studies of the Legal Profession: What Do We Know About Lawyers' Lives? at the University of North Carolina School of Law, October 2005.
A phase I study of intermediate dose cytarabine in combination with lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Relapsed/refractory (r/r) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) remains a therapeutic challenge. Cytarabine arabinoside (AraC) forms the backbone of most regimens, with complete responses (CR) ranging from 17 to 20%. Lenalidomide (Len) is approved by the FDA for multiple myeloma and myelodysplasia and has demonstrated activity in AML. We developed a phase I study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Len in combination with intermediate dose AraC (1.5 g/m(2)/day given on days 1-5) in adults with r/r AML. The maximally tolerated dose for this combination was 10mg daily on days 6-26 of a 28 day cycle. Dose de-escalation from 25mg was required due to rash, liver function abnormalities, and hypokalemia. Of 32 evaluable patients, five achieved CR (16%), 5CRi (16%) and 3 had hematological improvements for an overall response rate of 41% (13/32). Median overall survival (95% confidence interval) for patients treated on study was 5.8 (2.5-10.6) months and disease free survival was 3.4 (2.3-6.2) months. This single institute phase I trial of Len and intermediate dose AraC was associated with marked skin and other toxicities. At the dose and schedule tested, this combination did not appear to result in improved CR over single agent AraC for r/r AML.
Cervus duvauceli (Barasingha)

Skin biopsies of these two specimens (l♂,1♀) were made available by Dr. H. Heck, Catskill Game Farm, Catskill, New York, USA. The sex chromosomes are readily identified; pairing of autosomes is arbitrary. Two or three of the larger acrocentric autosomes have delicate satellites on their long arms (Chandra et al).
A Management Framework for Program Development Techniques Symposium on ID Models-4

Believing that most ID system approach models merely describewhat should be done, but recognizing that ID techniques do provide operational directions for accomplishing tasks implied by those models, the author describes an ID approach model for organizing ID techniques. He categorizes a sampling of techniques according to the defined functions of the model, then identifies the techniques by name, purpose, and literature references.
Hygienic Status of Cakes in Futian District of Shenzhen City

[Objective]To understand the hygienic status of cakes in Futian District of Shenzhen City.[Methods]Totally 56 cakes manufacturing and selling enterprises in Futian District of Shenzhen City were selected to perform field hygienic investigation,meanwhile,103 cake samples were randomly selected and examined.[Results]The rational distribution rate of the cake enterprises was 78.6%.The rate of asking for certificates of raw and adjuvant material was 12.5%.The utilization rate of weigh apparatus was 28.6%;the awareness rate of hygienic knowledge about leavening agents in employees was 35.2%.The microorganism items of all cake samples were qualified.The unqualified item was aluminium.Aluminium qualified rate of cake samples was 28.2%.The average value of aluminium was 227.1 mg/kg,and the maximum was 1226.0 mg/kg.The qualified rate of aluminium of Western-style cake was higher than that of Chinese-style cake.The qualified rate of aluminium of packaging cake was higher than that of the cake in bulk.The difference of aluminium qualified rate between different production or sales enterprises was significant.[Conclusion] The status of aluminium content overproof of cake is serious in Futian District of Shenzhen City,it is necessary to take effective control measures.
Allogeneic Marrow Grafting for Hematologic Malignancy Using HL-A Matched Donor-Recipient Sibling Pairs

Seven patients with hematologic malignancy refractory to conventional therapy were treated with 1000 rads midpoint tissue dose of whole-body irradiation followed by infusion of marrow from an HL-A matched sibling. Three patients with advanced leukemia showed histologic evidence suggestive of engraftment but the graft did not function and they died after 18, 26, and 30 days. Four patients, three with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and one with Hodgkin’s disease, treated while in good clinical condition, showed evidence of a functioning marrow graft within 3 wk. Engraftment was proved by cytogenetic analysis in three cases with donors of the opposite sex. One patient died with graft-vs.-host disease (GVH) after 37 days. The other three had mild to moderate GVH. Two patients showed recurrent leukemia and died after 85 and 102 days. In one of these patients, a girl, the recurrent leukemia was in male donor cells. One patient, a boy, is alive and well after 200 days with only female donor cells in the marrow. He shows no evidence of GVH and, as yet, no leukemia.
Integrated Decision Method of Operation Schemes for Limiting Short-circuit Currents in District Grids

An integrated decision method of operation schemes for limiting short-circuit currents in district grids is presented. This method starts with the process of simplified optimization. Under the premise of the integrity of power grid, the superior set of feasible alternatives for limiting short-circuit currents is rapidly sought based on the weighted sensitivity. Then, the detailed evaluation is implemented. Considering the relationship of short-circuit current level and system stability, this paper establishes an evaluation model based on analytic network process. Using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the optimal scheme can be determined from the set of feasible alternatives. Considering short-circuit current level, transient voltage security and static power flow distribution, the integrated decision priority represents the systematic, comprehensive and quantitative assessment. The feasibility and practicability of the proposed method is verified by the simulation of Jinan power grid.
Activation of lignocellulosic biomass for higher sugar yields using aqueous ionic liquid at low severity process conditions

Concerns around greenhouse gas emissions necessitate the development of sustainable processes for the production of chemicals, materials, and fuels from alternative renewable sources. The lignocellulosic plant cell walls are one of the most abundant sources of carbon for renewable bioenergy production. Certain ionic liquids (ILs) are very effective at disrupting the plant cell walls of lignocellulose, and generate a substrate that is effectively hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. Conventional ILs are relatively expensive in terms of purchase price, and the most effective imidazolium-based ILs also require energy intensive processing conditions (>140 °C, 3 h) to release >90 % fermentable sugar yields after saccharification. We have developed a highly effective pretreatment technology utilizing the relatively inexpensive IL comprised tetrabutylammonium [TBA]+ and hydroxide [OH]− ions that generate high glucose yields (~95 %) after pretreatment at very mild processing conditions (50 °C). The efficiency of [TBA][OH] pretreatment of lignocellulose was further studied by analyzing chemical composition, powder X-ray diffraction for cellulose structure, NMR and SEC for lignin dissolution/depolymerization, and glycome profiling for cell wall modifications. Glycome profiling experiments and computational results indicate that removal of the noncellulosic polysaccharides occurs due to the ionic mobility of [TBA][OH] and is the key factor in determining pretreatment efficiency. Process modeling and energy demand analysis suggests that this [TBA][OH] pretreatment could potentially reduce the energy required in the pretreatment unit operation by more than 75 %. By leveraging the benefits of ILs that are effective at very mild processing conditions, such as [TBA][OH], lignocellulosic biomass can be pretreated at similar efficiency as top performing conventional ILs, such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C2C1Im][OAc], but at much lower temperatures, and with less than half the IL normally required to be effective. [TBA][OH] IL is more reactive in terms of ionic mobility which extends removal of lignin and noncellulosic components of biomass at the lower temperature pretreatment. This approach to biomass pretreatment at lower temperatures could be transformative in the affordability and energy efficiency of lignocellulosic biorefineries.
Hilpinen’s Interpretations of Modal Logic

A task of epistemology has been to sort out and analyze an intricate network of terms and related concepts. Of that plethora of terms and concepts, some seem more clearly descriptive of mental or psychological events in the lives of epistemological subjects. We say of ourselves and others that on some particular occasion we imagined that p, or decided that p, or entertained p, or came to accept p, or came to believe that p where p is some proposition. Of those terms that characterize mental or psychological events, some seem to be descriptive of cognitive or more appropriately “doxastic” feelings which a subject might have with various degrees of intensity when entertaining a certain proposition under suitable circumstances. A person may feel surprise or feel doubt or feel confidence that a certain proposition is true. Whether those psychological events are appropriately described as feelings has been questioned, particularly in the case of doubt or confidence. Still it is not unusual to claim that we feel doubt or confidence. Surprise is less controversial. Witness “He nearly fainted with surprise.”
Studies toward the Synthesis of Lepadiformine A.

Herein is described an original approach to access a tricyclic framework of the lepadiformine-type alkaloids. A Grignard/N-acylpyridinium salt reaction of a 4-methoxytetrahydroquinoline is the key carbon–carbon bond-forming step that was used to establish the desired absolute stereochemistry at the C2 position of the target alkaloid. The synthesis features an allylation reaction with an N-acyliminium ion to set the C10 quaternary stereocenter, a mild dissolving-metal cleavage of hindered phenyl carbamates, and an aminoiodocyclization to form the pyrrolidine ring. While this route does not provide the correct C10 stereochemistry, it showcases an efficient method to build analogues with the ring system of this class of alkaloids in 11 steps overall.
Expression analysis of microRNA as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer

// Jie Yang 4, * , Dongling Ma 2, * , Andrew Fesler 1, * , Haiyan Zhai 1 , Apisri Leamniramit 2 , Wenzhe Li 2 , Song Wu 3 and Jingfang Ju 1 1 Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA 2 The NMS Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA 3 Department of Applied Mathematics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA 4 Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Jingfang Ju, email: jingfang.ju@stonybrookmedicine.edu Keywords: colorectal cancer, prognosis, microRNA, chemotherapy Received: September 08, 2016 Accepted: November 19, 2016 Published: December 26, 2016 ABSTRACT microRNA (miRNA) based biomarkers have unique advantages due to their critical regulatory function, superior stability, and relatively small number compared to mRNAs. A number of miRNAs play key roles in colon cancer stem cell chemoresistance and have clinical potential as prognostic biomarkers. The purpose of this study is to systematically validate the prognostic potential of miRNAs in colorectal cancer. In this study, we validated the prognostic potential of a panel of miRNAs using 205 stage II, III, and IV colorectal cancer specimens by qRT-PCR analysis. We cross validated our results using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Many of the miRNAs we investigated have been functionally validated to be important in contributing to chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemotherapy. We determined that miR-16 is the most consistent miRNA for expression normalization in colorectal cancer. We have validated several miRNAs (miR-15b, miR-215, miR-145, miR-192, let-7g) that are significantly associated with progression free survival (PFS) and/or overall survival (OS) of colorectal cancer patients independent of tumor stage and age at diagnosis. These 5 miRNAs are significantly associated with OS of colorectal cancer even after tumor location (left side vs. right side) is adjusted for. Furthermore, the prognostic value of let-7g for overall survival was independently validated using the RNA-Seq results from TCGA colorectal cancer database. These results, taken together, establish a solid foundation towards miRNA based precision management of colorectal cancer.
Optimal allocation of metabolic functions among organisms in a microbial ecosystem

We formulate a resource allocation problem of interest to microbial ecology and to the emerging area of synthetic ecology. We consider a given number of microbial species symbiotically living in a community and a list of all metabolic reactions present in the community, expressed in terms of the metabolite proportions involved in each reaction. We are interested in allocating reactions to organisms so that each organism maintains a minimal level of growth and the community optimizes certain objectives, such as maximizing growth and/or the uptake of specific compounds from the common environment. We leverage Flux Balance Analysis (FBA) and formulate the problem as a mixed integer linear programming problem. We test our method in a toy model involving two organisms that can only survive through cross-feeding, demonstrating that the method can recover this interaction. We also test the method in a community of two simplified bacteria described in terms of their core, simplified metabolic network. We demonstrate that the method can obtain syntrophic cross-feeding species that would be very difficult to design manually.
Overcharge Self-Regulated Li-ion Battery Based on LiFePO4 via a Solid State Combined Cathode

Safety is one of the most crucial problems faced by the lithium-ion battery (LIBs) industry. In this work, we propose a strategy to avoid overcharging of a battery via the application of a solid-state combined cathode. The goal of this research is to produce LIBs with overcharge self-regulation capabilities. In order to achieve self-regulation functionality, 1,4-di-tert-butyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzene (DBB) is added to as-synthesized LiFePO4, post synthesis. DBB has a trigger voltage of 3.9 V. When this voltage is reached, DBB forms a reduced ion that is released into the electrolyte from the cathode side. The DBB ion transfers to the anode side where it oxidizes and transfers back to the cathode side. This process forms a redox shuttle and consumes the extra charges keeping the voltage at a safe level (i.e. 3.9 V). The DBB redox shuttle protects the LiFePO4-based LIBs with working voltage between 3.4 and 3.5 V. The cycleability of assembled batteries is tested using an Arbin Tester.
Introduction to “Are Private Schools Really Better?”

The political landscape concerning private school vouchers in the United States has changed dramatically since the time when “Are Private Schools Really Better?” was written. In 2000, California and Michigan became the latest states to reject school voucher programs proposed through voter initiatives, and it appeared as if all of the momentum regarding school choice in the United States was leaning toward public school choice programs – within-school district open enrollment programs and charter schools. A decade later, the political sands have shifted dramatically: With 13 states establishing or expanding state-sponsored private school choice programs in 2011, the Wall Street Journal declared 2011 “The Year of School Choice.” And at the time of writing, in 2012, a dozen additional states are entertaining new private school voucher programs, including potential new programs in Minnesota, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Virginia. Moreover, while a decade ago religious schools were largely excluded from publicly funded voucher programs, today’s voucher programs permit religious schools to participate, and since the voucher programs are largely aimed at low-income families, religious schools are the most likely home of participants in the new voucher programs. With the expansion of private school voucher programs, the need for solid causal evidence regarding the relative performance of public and private schools is greater than ever. When we wrote “Are Private Schools Really Better?” the
Shear wall layout optimization for conceptual design of tall buildings

Abstract In the design of tall buildings, the lateral system that resists wind and seismic loading usually dominates the structural engineering effort; therefore, optimal lateral system design is important for material efficiency. In a shear-wall-based building, the conventional design process starts with an architect generating a floor plan, which is then passed to a structural engineer, who, based on knowledge and prior experience, tries to place shear walls to balance conflicting requirements: minimum structural weight, satisfactory structural strength and serviceability, conformity to architectural layout. This design process can be slow and inefficient, requiring a trial-and-error approach that is unlikely to lead to the best solution. The work presented in this paper intends to accelerate the process with an optimization system involving a ground structure program formulation, a modified evolutionary algorithm, and innovative computational techniques. Unlike existing work that focuses either exclusively on structural performance or architectural layout, this research integrates both. An efficient computational design methodology for shear wall layout in plan is introduced. The method minimizes structural weight with constraints on torsion, flexural strength, shear strength, drift, and openings and accessibility. It can be applied from the very beginning of floor plan design or after generating an architectural floor plan. This paper demonstrates the potential of this approach through a variety of case studies. Key contributions include a novel application of the ground structure method, a fast and robust modified evolutionary algorithm, and a simplified auto-calculation system for reinforced concrete design.
Measurements of photon and π0 production in heavy ion collisions at RHIC

Abstract Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of photons and π0 about mid-rapidity are presented for197Au+197Au collisions at S N N = 130 GeV. Photon pair conversions have been reconstructed from charged tracks measured with the central Time Projection Chamber (TPC) of STAR. Contributions of the π0 → λλ decay in the inclusive photon spectra have been studied. It was found that this contribution begins to decrease at a transverse momentum of 1.65 GeV/c in the top 11% most central centrality class.
Imaging Evaluation of Nonacute Shoulder Pain

OBJECTIVE. A variety of radiographic views have been described in the literature for the initial imaging of nonacute shoulder pain. Multiple articles have also discussed the best next imaging test if radiographs do not show the diagnosis, especially the use of unenhanced MRI, MR arthrography, CT arthrography, and ultrasound. The purpose of this article is to examine the evidence for the most helpful radiographic views and the best imaging test after radiographs for different clinical presentations of chronic shoulder pain. CONCLUSION. The recommended radiographic views and best next imaging test after the radiograph depends on the clinical diagnosis. Ultrasound is generally preferred over MRI for evaluating chronic rotator cuff pain, whereas MR arthrography, preferably with abducted and externally rotated images, is most accurate for imaging chronic symptoms from a suspected labral tear or instability.
Dynamic structure of locomotor behavior in walking fruit flies

The function of the brain is unlikely to be understood without an accurate description of its output, yet the nature of movement elements and their organization remains an open problem. Here, movement elements are identified from dynamics of walking in flies, using unbiased criteria. On one time scale, dynamics of walking are consistent over hundreds of milliseconds, allowing elementary features to be defined. Over longer periods, walking is well described by a stochastic process composed of these elementary features, and a generative model of this process reproduces individual behavior sequences accurately over seconds or longer. Within elementary features, velocities diverge, suggesting that dynamical stability of movement elements is a weak behavioral constraint. Rather, long-term instability can be limited by the finite memory between these elementary features. This structure suggests how complex dynamics may arise in biological systems from elements whose combination need not be tuned for dynamic stability.