cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Push the limit of wireless network capacity: a tale of cognitive and coexistence

Understanding the asymptotic network capacity has been one of the heavily investigated research problems that are instrumental to network design and planning. The majority of the past efforts has been focusing on a single technology network without dynamic channel states and dynamic channel access. In this talk, we will discuss the potential impact of two new technologies (\ie, cognitive radio and coexistence of cross-technology networks) on some fundamental network performance limits.Providing predictable performance and understanding the performance limit have been extremely challenging because of the uncontrollable and hard-to-predict external disturbances and opportunities. In the first part of the talk, we will summarize recent results on designing zero-regret online channel access schemes for multihop wireless networks based on recent development of multi-armed bandits problem. Recently several novel solutions were proposed for cross-technology coexistence without intervening legacy systems. In the second part of the talk, we will summarize recent efforts on designing co-prosperity wireless networks. We mainly focus on protecting the low-power Zigbee networks from the nearby WiFi networks. Then based on the new paradigms of cognitive radio networks and cross-technology coexistence, we give a first try to mathematically model the multihop cognitive radio networks with online spectrum access, and model the coexistability of two networks. We propose to further investigate the network capacity under these two new paradigms.
Real-Time QoS Over a Third-Generation (3G) Cellular Shared Downlink Channel

We propose a call (user) admission control (CAC) algorithm and a scheduling framework for real-time services in the third-generation (3G) and beyond cellular systems, where multiple users share a downlink packet channel in each cell. At the user or flow level, the CAC algorithm maximizes user accommodations under the QoS constraint, e.g., per-user expectation of profile rate, and the constraint of location-dependent resource availability. At the packet level, our scheduling framework, named maximum cost deduction (MCD), derives QoS-aware and channel-dependent algorithms (rt-MCD and nrt-MCD), which minimize a delay -derived cost function of backlogged packets at different timescales. The cross-layer designed CAC and MCD algorithms exploit multi-user diversity based on online measured radio resource allocation. Together they provide high system efficiency and balance between flow-level QoS, e.g. aggregate goodput and the blocking rate of newly arrived users, and packet- level QoS, e.g., the packet queueing delay or loss.
Photoassisted heterogeneous catalysis with optical fibers: I. Isolated single fiber

Recently reported varieties of photoassisted heterogeneous catalysts are summarized. A cylindrical, light carrying, optical fiber coated with a catalyst layer is evaluated as a novel configuration for all such light assisted catalysis. Equations are obtained which describe the light intensity in the fiber and its surrounding catalyst layer. A dimensionless group of the form phi = (4..cap alpha../sub c/..beta../sub c/dL)/(d/sub f/) (d = d/sub c/ for d/sub c/lambda) determines the relative influence of light loss by all absorption and scattering to light transported in the fiber length. An effectiveness factor eta/sub I/ for heterogeneous photoassisted catalysis is determined for reactions which are first order in intensity and without mass transport limitations. Asymptotic forms of eta/sub I/ are eta/sub I/ = 1.0 (phi > ..integral..1.0). 58 references.
Influence of powder composition and morphology on penetration of gray and white proroot mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide into dentin tubules

This study examined the influence of powder composition and morphology on the penetration of Gray and White ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA, WMTA) and calcium hydroxide (CH) into open dentin tubules. GMTA, WMTA, and CH particle dimensions were analyzed by flow particle image analysis (FPIA). Penetration of open dentin tubules into dentin discs was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Five samples of each material were randomly selected and prepared for this study. The GMTA averages for length (μm), width (μm), perimeter (μm), and aspect ratio were 1.94 ± 1.65, 1.43 ± 1.19, 5.61 ± 4.27, and 0.76 ± 0.14, respectively. Corresponding averages for WMTA were 2.04 ± 1.87, 1.49 ± 1.33, 5.88 ± 4.81, and 0.76 ± 0.14, and for CH were 2.26 ± 1.99, 1.62 ± 1.46, 6.70 ± 5.60, and 0.74 ± 0.15, respectively. The rank order of the averages for particle length, width and perimeter from the largest to the smallest material was CH > WMTA > GMTA. The rank order of the averaged aspect ratios was GMTA > WMTA > CH. SEM showed that all three materials, when deposited and agitated on dentin discs, penetrated the open dentin tubules. Tubule occlusion occurred as particle surface concentrations increased. Significant differences in particle length, width, perimeter, and aspect ratio were observed for GMTA, WMTA, and CH (P < 0.0001 in all cases). All particle types penetrated into open tubules when agitated on dentin discs; all tubules were eventually occluded as particle concentrations grew. (J Oral Sci 56, 287-293, 2014).
ATP-activated channels in rat and bullfrog sensory neurons: current- voltage relation and single-channel behavior

Ionic currents activated by extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) were studied in voltage-clamped dorsal root ganglion neurons from rats and bullfrogs. Under quasiphysiological ionic conditions, ATP- activated current reversed near 0 mV and showed strong inward rectification. Strong inward rectification was maintained even in symmetric solutions of divalent-free Cs glutamate. Examined with a resolution of 10s of microseconds, the rectification was instantaneous. Inward current was greatly reduced when N-methyl-D-glucamine was substituted for external Na. ATP-activated inward currents could be recorded with Ca as the only external cation; estimated from reversal potentials, the ratio of Ca to Na permeability is about 0.3. Unitary channel activity could be recorded when ATP was applied to outside-out patches. When activated, a single channel flickered rapidly, with a mean current of about 0.5 pA at -100 mV. Large concentrations of ATP put the channel in the activated, flickery condition virtually all the time, while at lower concentrations, periods of flickering were interspersed with closures. Analysis of whole-cell current fluctuations showed precisely the characteristics expected if such channels underlie the macroscopic currents.
Oxygen minimum zones in the tropical Pacific across CMIP5 models: mean state differences and climate change trends

We analyse simulations of the Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) from 11 Earth system model contributions to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, focusing on the mean state and climate change projections. The simulations tend to overestimate the volume of the OMZs, especially in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere. Compared to observations, five models introduce incorrect meridional asymmetries in the distribution of oxygen including larger southern OMZ and weaker northern OMZ, due to interhemispheric biases in intermediate water mass ventilation. Seven models show too deep an extent of the tropical hypoxia compared to observations, stemming from a deficient equatorial ventilation in the upper ocean, combined with too large a biologically driven downward flux of particulate organic carbon at depth, caused by particle export from the euphotic layer that is too high and remineralization in the upper ocean that is too weak. At interannual timescales, the dynamics of oxygen in the eastern tropical Pacific OMZ is dominated by biological consumption and linked to natural variability in the Walker circulation. However, under the climate change scenario RCP8.5, all simulations yield small and discrepant changes in oxygen concentration at mid depths in the tropical Pacific by the end of the 21st century due to an almost perfect compensation between warming-related decrease in oxygen saturation and decrease in biological oxygen utilization. Climate change projections are at odds with recent observations that show decreasing oxygen levels at mid depths in the tropical Pacific. Out of the OMZs, all the CMIP5 models predict a decrease of oxygen over most of the surface and deep ocean at low latitudes and over all depths at high latitudes due to an overall slow-down of ventilation and increased temperature.
Unequal election of morphemes in adult second language acquisition

Morpheme accuracy and acquisition order is a frequent subject in the Second Language Acquisition research literature (Bailey et al. 1974; Krashen 1981; VanPatten 1984, 1995). However, the treatment is largely descriptive. That is, researchers offer few explanations for the data discussed. The most frequently invoked explanation puts the burden on first language acquisition theory because the observed orders are similar to those observed in first language acquisition (Krashen 1981; Flynn 1984, 1987; White 1985, 1989). In contrast, this paper explains observed accuracy orders on the basis of a model of morpheme classification originally proposed to account for other bilingual phenomena, the 4-M Model (Myers-Scotton and Jake 1999a). The paper bases its analysis on a cross-sectional analysis of acquisition of English by Japanese and Chinese first language speakers. The results indicate that not all functional elements have the same accuracy order. The paper argues that this order reflects the fact that functional elements differ in how they are activated. The model of morpheme classification assumes that there are three types of system morphemes (functional elements) as well as content morphemes. One type of system morpheme is indirectly elected at the same time that content morphemes are directly elected by the speaker's intentions. The other two types of system morphemes are activated later in the production process. Their lexical-conceptual structure is not relevant to conveying the speaker's intentions, but rather is required by the grammatical frame of the target language. For this reason, the 4-M Model predicts that they are harder to acquire and the data reported in this paper support that hypothesis. That is, the data indicate an implicational hierarchy of morpheme acquisition: content morphemes are acquired before any system morphemes and early (indirectly elected) system morphemes are acquired before later system morphemes
Towards Risk Based Design (RBD) of Space Exploration Missions: A Review of RBD Practice and Research Trends at NASA

This paper describes the concept of Risk Based Design in the context of NASA’s low volume, high cost missions. The issue of accounting for risk in the design lifecycle has been heavily discussed in the literature under several research topics, including: reliability, risk and uncertainty analysis, optimization, decision-based design and robust design. Due to the risky nature of space missions, NASA centers have adopted a variety of techniques ‐ developing tools, procedures, and guidelines to mitigate risk. Most of these techniques, however, require significant amounts of detailed and possibly quantitative information, making them inapplicable to early stages of design, where the requirements and models are vague, decisions are tentative and probabilities are unknown. This survey paper first presents a brief description of a design environment at NASA as well as current risk-based design practices and methods. Then, a summary of the topics from the NASA’s Risk Management efforts is presented, followed by current research efforts within NASA to account for risk in the early stages of design. The purpose of this paper is provide a survey of NASA’s capabilities (or lack thereof) in accounting for risk in the early design phase. This work lays the foundation for more effective collaborations between NASA researchers and academic research community.
The Seventh and Eighth Platonic Epistles

The recent paper of J. Harward ( Classical Quarterly , XXII., pp. 143–154) on the seventh and eighth Platonic Epistles deserves an answer. He suggests that Plato's statement at the beginning of the seventh Epistle, that he had received a communication from the friends of Dion, is a literary fiction. Supposing then that this suggestion is correct, he maintains the view that Plato, having no knowledge of the death of Dion's son before his father's assassination in 354 B.C., refers to him as Hipparinus without qualification in the seventh Epistle (324a), and as Dion's son, giving no name, in the eighth Epistle (355e).
N-myc amplification causes down-modulation of MHC class I antigen expression in neuroblastoma

Amplification of the N-myc gene is correlated with increased metastatic ability of human neuroblastomas. We show here that overexpression of the N-myc gene in a rat neuroblastoma cell line following gene transfer causes down-modulation of class I histocompatibility antigen expression and increases in the in vivo growth rate and metastatic ability of these cells. N-myc-mediated down-modulation of MHC class I antigen expression could be reversed by treatment with interferon without affecting the steady state level of N-myc mRNA. No effect on MHC class I antigen expression was found when the N-myc gene was expressed in rat fibroblasts, indicating that some of the effects caused by N-myc gene amplification are cell-type-specific.
Timing of anatexis in the eastern Adirondack Highlands: Implications for tectonic evolution during ca. 1050 Ma Ottawan orogenesis

U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) analyses of zircons from migmatitic metapelites in the eastern Adirondack Highlands demonstrate that substantial anatexis took place ca. 1050 Ma during the late, but still high-grade, ca. 1090–1050 Ma Ottawan orogeny. These results contrast with data from metapelites of the southwestern Adirondack Highlands and Adirondack Lowlands, which indicate that anatexis occurred ca. 1200–1160 Ma, during the Shawinigan orogeny and subsequent (ca. 1155 Ma) anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) magmatism. Ca. 1180–1150 Ma zircons from this western regime do not contain ca. 1050 Ma (Ottawan) metamorphic overgrowths. The absence of ca. 1050 Ma Ottawan anatexis and overgrowths in the Adirondack Lowlands is explained by the observation that, consistent with titanite cooling ages, post–1150 Ma temperatures did not exceed ~700 °C. In the southwestern Adirondack Highlands, the absence of ca. 1050 Ma anatexis can be accounted for by earlier dehydration of metapelites during ca. 1180–1150 Ma Shawinigan-AMCG metamorphism. The occurrence of ca. 1050 Ma anatexis and formation of metamorphic zircons in the eastern Adirondacks cannot be explained by higher temperatures, because geothermometry indicates that all of the Adirondack Highlands reached a nearly uniform 750–800 °C during this period. Accordingly, the occurrence of ca. 1050 Ma Ottawan anatexis in the eastern regime is interpreted to be the result of: (1) infl uxes of hydrous fl uids at ca. 1050 Ma, or (2) decompression melting during late extensional exhumation. A recently recognized low-angle late Ottawan (ca. 1050 Ma) fault system may have provided both fl uid conduits and footwall decompression. The sense of displacement along the shear zone has not yet been unequivocally determined, but preliminary investigations of kinematic indicators demonstrate normal displacement. Thus, this structure may be an analogue of the ca. 1050 Ma northwest-dipping Carthage–Colton zone normal fault system that juxtaposed the Adirondack Lowlands against the Adirondack Highlands. In this context, these fault zones form a quasi-symmetrical core complex or gneiss dome, within which the high-grade core of the Adirondack Highlands was tectonically exhumed. A similar east-dipping, along-strike normal fault in Quebec (Tawachiche shear zone) exhumed the eastern Morin and Lac Taureau terranes at ca. 1050 Ma and may merge with the eastern Adirondack shear zone described here.
Do Different Pairings of Teaching Styles and Learning Styles Make a Difference? Preceptor and Resident Perceptions

Background: Certain teaching style (TS) and learning style (LS) combinations may enhance learning. Purpose: The objective was to examine the effects of combinations of TS and LS in preceptor–resident (PR–RE) dyads in a long-term teaching–learning environment. Methods: Forty-four pediatric PR–RE pairs responded to Grasha's TS and LS inventories, the Clinical Teacher Characteristics Instrument (CTCI) and the Preceptor–Resident Relationship Inventory (PRPRI). Combined CTCI and PRRI means were compared using the t test. Results: The facilitator or personal model TS and collaborative LS pairs supported a healthy teaching–learning environment. Independent learners rated their preceptors' teaching characteristics positively. Competitive LS residents rated the relationship with the preceptor and preceptor teaching effectiveness less favorably. Residents overall indicated a less favorable relationship and clinical teaching characteristics than preceptors. Conclusions: Certain combinations of TS with LS are perceiv...
An adaptive weaver architecture radio with spectrum sensing capabilities to relax RF component requirements

This paper presents an architecture that utilizes spectrum sensing with a Weaver architecture receiver to ease the requirements on the RF front-end components. With the ability to sense the environment, large interferers that overwhelm small desired signals can be avoided. The learning and adapting capabilities are enabled by means of a flexible receiver architecture employing variable local oscillators (LOs) at RF and intermediate frequency (IF). Avoiding large interferers can reduce image rejection ratio (IRR) requirements for a given performance and results in a greater tolerance to the Q of filters and receiver mismatches. The design approach is applied to an IEEE 802.11a receiver and the results show that for a given performance level, the proposed design requires an IRR that is 40 dB less than that required for conventional Weaver receivers
Applications to Finite-Dimensional Dynamical Systems

We apply the results developed in Chapters 6 and 7 in the qualitative analysis of several important classes of continuous dynamical systems, discrete-time dynamical systems, and discontinuous dynamical systems. We address six specific classes of systems: nonlinear regulator systems; analog Hopfield neural networks and synchronous discrete-time Hopfield neural networks; digital control systems; pulse-width modulated feedback control systems; systems with saturation nonlinearities with an application to digital filters; and linear and nonlinear Hamiltonian systems subjected to persistent and intermittent dissipation.
Retention and attrition in bariatric surgery research: an integrative review of the literature

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery research, often longitudinal, bears the challenge of maintaining retention and decreasing attrition of participants to avoid bias. Objectives To explore factors influencing the retention and attrition for bariatric surgical research participants. Methods Databases searched included: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and others. As a secondary aim, studies reporting on retention/attrition factors in clinical follow-up visits were included. Results Of the 1145 articles retrieved, 44 met inclusion criteria, and underwent qualitative analysis. Four descriptive articles focused on longitudinal research participation and 40 on clinical follow-up visits. Willingness to participate in research was high (92%) and decreased with more invasive procedures or extra visits. A large observational longitudinal study presented 24-month retention/attrition data (92% for some data and 66% visit completion) and the retention strategies employed. One study indicated that research follow-up possibly increased clinical follow-up and another demonstrated a higher retention by increasing compensation. No consistent, modifiable demographic or psychosocial variables associated or predictive of retention or attrition in clinical follow-up were identified. Conclusions Research on factors related to participant retention and attrition is sparse. It is essential for studies to document retention/attrition data. Existing research has demonstrated a patient willingness to participate in research and that retention strategies have been successful in the short term. Further research should explore the motivations, perspectives and attitudes of bariatric surgical research participants regarding participation and explore predictors to develop evidence-based retention strategies. Research has yet to identify consistent and modifiable demographic or psychosocial variables predictive of clinical follow-up, possibly due to the heterogeneity of follow-up across studies. Further investigation into follow-up definition, content, counseling approaches, and new telemedicine technologies may prove helpful in developing predictors and evidence-based strategies. The relationship between research and clinical retention and attrition deserves further characterization.
PythonTeX: Fast Access to Python from within LaTeX

PythonTeX is a new LaTeX package that provides access to the full power of Python from within LaTeX documents. It allows Python code entered within a LaTeX document to be executed, and provides access to the output. PythonTeX also provides syntax highlighting for any language supported by the Pygments highlighting engine. PythonTeX is fast and user-friendly. Python code is separated into userdefined sessions. Each session is only executed when its code is modified. When code is executed, sessions run in parallel. The contents of stdout and stderr are synchronized with the LaTeX document, so that printed content is easily accessible and error messages have meaningful line numbering. PythonTeX greatly simplifies scientific document creation with LaTeX. Plots can be created with matplotlib and then customized in place. Calculations can be performed and automatically typeset with NumPy. SymPy can be used to automatically create mathematical tables and step-by-step mathematical derivations.
Failure Analyses in Electric Power Systems — A Selective Review of Epri—Funded Research

A number of EPRI failure analyses of components and systems utilized in electric power generating stations have involved a single dedicated-cost-center contractor (Table 1, Project 1). The work so performed on EPRI’s behalf ranges from sending personnel to the site of a failure event for a first-hand evaluation, to completing specific metallurgical and analytical studies in support of larger efforts contracted elsewhere or in provision of Institute staff with the needed technical background data upon which future related work scopes are founded. Also, these activities typically initiate within the framework of separate vendor- and utility-supported failure analysis projects, a number of which have provided the nucleus for subsequent jointly-funded EPRI programs.
Network Effects in Double Auction Markets with Automated Traders

Many electronic markets are linked together into larger “network markets” where the links reflect constraints on traders. These constraints mean that a choice to trade in one market limits the trader’s choice of other markets to use. This kind of network market is important because so many basic products, including gas, water, and electricity, are traded in such markets, and yet it has been little studied until now. This paper studies networks of double auction markets populated with automated traders, concentrating on the effects of different network topologies. We find that the topology has a significant effect on the equilibrium behavior of the set of markets.
A new time tree reveals Earth history’s imprint on the evolution of modern birds

Determining the timing of diversification of modern birds has been difficult. We combined DNA sequences of clock-like genes for most avian families with 130 fossil birds to generate a new time tree for Neornithes and investigated their biogeographic and diversification dynamics. We found that the most recent common ancestor of modern birds inhabited South America around 95 million years ago, but it was not until the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition (66 million years ago) that Neornithes began to diversify rapidly around the world. Birds used two main dispersion routes: reaching the Old World through North America, and reaching Australia and Zealandia through Antarctica. Net diversification rates increased during periods of global cooling, suggesting that fragmentation of tropical biomes stimulated speciation. Thus, we found pervasive evidence that avian evolution has been influenced by plate tectonics and environmental change, two basic features of Earth’s dynamics.
Adaptive multimodal integration of speech and gaze

Speech has been used as the foundation for many human/machine interactive systems to convey the user’s intent to the system. However, other input mechanisms, commonly called modalities, such as gaze, touch, and hand gestures, have been explored as a means of providing a more robust interaction in environments where speech alone is not adequate. By combining the inputs from multiple, complementary modalities, none of which is perfectly reliable, a better understanding of the user’s true intent can be imparted to the system. In this dissertation, the effectiveness of using gaze (where someone is looking) to aid speech in providing the user’s intent to the machine is explored. To create a speech and gaze integration model, two human factors experiments were conducted to collect data for building this model. The first experiment had the user read a single word displayed on a screen, and the second experiment required the user to read a designated word from a menu of words. Speech onset time and the user’s gaze patterns data were captured and analyzed to understand the timing relations between the two modalities. A set of gaze/speech features were extracted from the data and used to predict the location of the word that the user read. The best features and the best model for predicting the location of the target word were found through an iterative trial and error process. A linear model was able to predict the gaze location of the target as well as any of the non-linear models considered. The linear system representation was then used to create an adaptive model using the Row Action Projection (RAP) technique. The RAP adaptation model was found to predict the user’s intent with higher probability for the majority subjects than the non-adaptive approaches. The RAP model adapted to the speech/gaze patterns of each individual user as well as the variation in a single user’s interaction behavior over time. It was also found that the feature set used for successfully identifying the target in Experiment 1, a simple isolated word task, was different than that used in Experiment 2, a more complex menu selection task, suggesting that task complexity was an important consideration in the design of a speech/gaze interface. In summary, this dissertation has shown that an adaptive gaze and speech integration model is better than speech or gaze performance alone.
Public Lands and Law Reform: Putting Theory, Policy, and Practice in Perspective

Federal public land law and policy is in a transitional phase today that is setting the stage for further reform efforts. The article begins by recounting the evolution of public land policy and identifying the principal forces for change at work today. It then examines the various policy models that have periodically held sway over the public lands and assesses whether any of these models present viable reform options. These policy models encompass an array of competing resource management philosophies, including privatization, utilitarianism, preservation, devolution, legal planning, ecological sustainability, place-based, and hybrid models. The article concludes with observations on legal reform opportunities and pitfalls, potential strategies for moving the reform process forward, and the role another public land commission might play in this process.
Eyelid and Ocular Adnexal Reconstruction

Reconstruction of an acquired defect following ocular adnexal cancer excision is a common challenge to ophthalmic plastic surgeons, and various surgical techniques may be employed during repair: With a depleting ozone layer and increasing ultraviolet radiation exposure, the incidence of eyelid cancers is on the rise, and we can expect a growing need for eyelid reconstruction. Several reconstructive techniques may be appropriate for a particular eyelid defect. The choice of procedure by the surgeon depends on the patient’s age, the degree of eyelid laxity and quality of eyelid skin, the location and size of the defect, and the surgeon’s preference. Regardless of the surgical procedure chosen, the goals of the procedure should be: restoration of both the anatomy and the dynamic function of the eyelid, creation of a stable eyelid margin, acceptable vertical eyelid height, adequate eyelid closure, smooth posterior epithelial surface, canthal fixation, and maximum cosmesis and symmetry. Surgeons must have a repertoire of procedures that can be used either singly or in combination to reconstruct ocular adnexal defects.
Role of the Central Stalk in the Rotary-Chemical Coupling and Torque Generation of F1-ATPase

Unraveling the molecular nature of the conversion of chemical energy (ATP hydrolysis) to directional rotation and torque in F1-ATPase is very challenging. A major part of the problem involves understanding the rotary/chemical coupling from the structure-energy description, while accounting for the observed torque generated on the γ-subunit and its change due to mutation of this unit. Here we used a coarse-grained model of the F1-ATPase to generate a structure-based free energy landscape of the rotary-chemical process. Our quantitative analysis of the landscape reproduced the observed torque for the wild-type enzyme. We found that there are several possibilities of torque generation from landscapes with various shapes and demonstrated that a downhill slope along the chemical coordinate could still result in negligible torque, due to ineffective coupling of the chemistry to the γ-subunit rotation. We then explored the relationship between the functionality and the underlying sequence through systematic examination of the effect of various parts of the γ-subunit on free energy surfaces of F1-ATPase. Furthermore, by constructing several types of γ-deletion systems and calculating the corresponding torque generation, we gained previously unknown insights into the molecular nature of the F1-ATPase rotary motor. Our results are in excellent agreement with recent experimental findings and indicate that the rotary-chemical coupling is primarily established through electrostatic effects, although specific contacts through γ-ionizable residue side chains are not essential for establishing the basic features of the coupling.
LIBQUAL+ : ONE INSTRUMENT IN THE NEW MEASURES TOOLBOX

LibQUAL+ est un instrument developpe par l'ARL (Association of Research Libraries) pour mesurer la qualite du service dans les bibliotheques de recherche. Il trouve ses origines dans l'outil SERVQUAL. L'enquete realisee avec LibQUAL aupres des utilisateurs repose sur une analyse factorielle hierachique qui a permis de regrouper les elements percus comme importants dans la qualite du service en cinq facteurs de premier ordre : effet du service, fiabilite, bibliotheque en tant que lieu, fourniture des collections physiques, acces a l'information. Mais l'enquete a egalement permis d'identifier un unique facteur de second ordre partage par tous, suggerant que les utilisateurs percoivent la qualite simultanement sur plusieurs niveaux. LibQUAL+ semble un outil prometteur pour l'evaluation de la qualite du service dans l'environnement des bibliotheques de recherche.
Kinetic Manipulation of Silicide Phase Formation in Si Nanowire Templates

The phase formation sequence of silicides in two-dimensional (2-D) structures has been well-investigated due to their significance in microelectronics. Applying high-quality silicides as contacts in nanoscale silicon (Si) devices has caught considerable attention recently for their potential in improving and introducing new functions in nanodevices. However, nucleation and diffusion mechanisms are found to be very different in one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures, and thus the phase manipulation of silicides is yet to be achieved there. In this work, we report kinetic phase modulations to selectively enhance or hinder the growth rates of targeted nickel (Ni) silicides in a Si nanowire (NW) and demonstrate that Ni31Si12, δ-Ni2Si, θ-Ni2Si, NiSi, and NiSi2 can emerge as the first contacting phase at the silicide/Si interface through these modulations. First, the growth rates of silicides are selectively tuned through template structure modifications. It is demonstrated that the growth rate of diffusion limit...
Automated sample preparation in a microfluidic culture device for cellular metabolomics

Sample pretreatment in conventional cellular metabolomics entails rigorous lysis and extraction steps which increase the duration as well as limit the consistency of these experiments. We report a biomimetic cell culture microfluidic device (MFD) which is coupled with an automated system for rapid, reproducible cell lysis using a combination of electrical and chemical mechanisms. In-channel microelectrodes were created using facile fabrication methods, enabling the application of electric fields up to 1000 V cm−1. Using this platform, average lysing times were 7.12 s and 3.03 s for chips with no electric fields and electric fields above 200 V cm−1, respectively. Overall, the electroporation MFDs yielded a ∼10-fold improvement in lysing time over standard chemical approaches. Detection of multiple intracellular nucleotides and energy metabolites in MFD lysates was demonstrated using two different MS platforms. This work will allow for the integrated culture, automated lysis, and metabolic analysis of cells in an MFD which doubles as a biomimetic model of the vasculature.
SU-D-BRB-06: Toward Big-Data Driven Treatment Planning: VMAT/IMRT Inverse Planning Autopiloted by Population-Based Prior Data

Purpose: Current treatment planning remains a costly and labor intensive procedure and requires multiple trial-and-error adjustments of system parameters such as weighting factors and prescriptions. The purpose of this work is to develop an autonomous treatment planning technique with effective use of population-based prior knowledge. Methods: Our autopiloted planning tool consists of three major components: (i) a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) (EclipseTM, Varian Medical Systems, CA); (ii) a statistical formulation of prior knowledge, which takes an assemble of prior treatment plans similar to the patient under planning and provides a priori variation range of final solution with an assigned preference level; and (iii) a decision-making or outer-loop optimization that assesses plan generated by Eclipse and drives the search toward a solution consistent with population-based prior knowledge. To query and interact with TPS, Microsoft (MS) Visual Studio Coded UI is applied to record some common planner-TPS interactions as subroutines. These subroutines are called back in the autopilot program written in C# to navigate through the solution space with an iterative algorithm. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by using a prostate IMRT case and three head and neck VMAT case. Results: An autonomous inverse planning formalism of using population-based prior knowledge for autopiloting the VMAT/IMRT treatment planning process is implemented successfully in platform of a commercial TPS. The process mimics the decision-making process of autopiloted automobile and provides a clinically sensible treatment plan automatically, thus effectively eliminating the tedious manual trial-and-errors process of treatment planning. It is found that the prostate and head and neck treatment plans compare favorably with that used for patients’ actual treatments. Conclusion: Clinical inverse treatment planning process can be autopiloted effectively with the use of population-based prior knowledge. The strategy lays foundation for future development of big data-driven inverse planning of various disease sites. Research grant and speak honoraria from Varian Medical Systems
Epigenetic Modification Prevents Excessive Wound Healing and Scar Formation After Glaucoma Filtration Surgery.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), in prevention of excessive wound healing and scar formation in a rabbit model of glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS).
Interaction of Tectonics, Climate, and Time

In this, the final chapter of Part I, we discuss how tectonics, climate, and time interact to shape two end-member types of landscape: a structure-controlled landscape in which landscape closely mimics the underlying structure of rock and an erosion-controlled landscape in which landscape is primarily a reflection of rock hardness. We then divide the United States into nine structural provinces based on similar or related rock/sediment type and rock structure, without regard for topography. Each structural province is discussed in Part II. Active tectonics results in the reincarnation of an existing landscape into a structure-controlled landscape that, once established, will persist for as long as the structure-producing tectonic activity is active, eventually reaching a steady state. Once tectonic activity ends, the area will begin its long transition to an erosion-controlled landscape, possibly interrupted by threshold events that could include renewed tectonic activity or a change in rock type or climate.
The legacy of agrarian reform in Latin America: foundations of the fair trade cooperative system.

Cooperatives are essential to the success of fair trade because small farmers must be organized into cooperatives in order to be certified. Fair trade aims to empower small farmers, yet many farmers are only able to obtain fair trade certification because they fought for land and organized themselves into strong cooperatives through state-led agrarian reform programs. To explore the link between agrarian reform and fair trade, I review the history of agrarian reform in Nicaragua, describing how many of the country's fair trade-certified cooperatives have roots in the reform programs of the 1980s. The review contributes to a broader historical perspective on the cooperative system at the heart of fair trade. It brings together scholarship with archived magazine articles to explore the connection between the contemporary fair trade system and the hard-won successes of peasant movements for land reform.
Revisiting Antipsychotic-induced Akathisia: Current Issues and Prospective Challenges

Background Akathisia continues to be a significant challenge in current neurological and psychiatric practice. Prompt and accurate detection is often difficult and there is a lack of consensus concerning the neurobiological basis of akathisia. No definitive treatment has been established for akathisia despite numerous preclinical and clinical studies.] Method: We reviewed antipsychotic-induced akathisia including its clinical presentation, proposed underlying pathophysiology, current and under investigation therapeutic strategies. Conclusion Despite the initial promise that second generation antipsychotics would be devoid of akathisia effects, this has not been confirmed. Currently, there are limited therapeutic options for the clinical practice and the evidence supporting the most widely used treatments (beta blockers, anticholinergic drugs) is still absent or inconsistent.
A Just Culture Approach to Managing Medication Errors.

Medication errors continue to be a concern of health care providers and the public, in particular how to prevent harm from medication mistakes. Many health care workers are afraid to report errors for fear of retribution including the loss of professional licensure and even imprisonment. Most health care workers are silent, instead of admitting their mistake and discussing it openly with peers. This can result in further patient harm if the system causing the mistake is not identified and fixed; thus self-denial may have a negative impact on patient care outcomes. As a result, pharmacy leaders, in collaboration with others, must put systems in place that serve to prevent medication errors while promoting a “Just Culture” way of managing performance and outcomes. This culture must exist across disciplines and departments. Pharmacy leaders need to understand how to classify behaviors associated with errors, set realistic expectations, instill values for staff, and promote accountability within the workplace...
Optogenetic regulation of RhoA reveals zyxin mediated elasticity of stress fibers

The mechanics of the actin cytoskeleton regulates cell morphogenesis during essential physiological processes. While cellular contractility is known to be largely RhoA-dependent, the process by which localized biochemical signals are translated into cell-level responses is not well understood. Here we combine optogenetic control of RhoA in space and time, live cell imaging and traction force microscopy to investigate the dynamics of actomyosin-based force generation in adherent fibroblasts. Local activation of RhoA not only stimulates local recruitment of actin and myosin, but also leads to increased traction forces outside the activation region that rapidly propagate across the cell via stress fibers and drive actin flow towards the region of heightened RhoA. Surprisingly, the flow reverses direction when local RhoA activation stops. We identify zyxin as a regulator of stress fiber mechanics, as stress fibers are fluid-like without flow reversal in its absence. These experimental data are used to constrain a physical model, which demonstrates that stress fibers are elastic-like, even at time scales exceeding turnover of constituent proteins. Such molecular control of actin mechanics likely plays critical roles in regulation of morphogenic events.
Imaging Neurologic Manifestations of Oncologic Disease

Imaging plays a critical role during the diagnosis and management of metastatic disease to the central nervous system. When cancers metastasize to the central nervous system, there are often clinical manifestations due to direct mass effect on functional structures in the brain or spinal cord. Certain malignancies have propensity to metastasize to brain and may be clinically silent. Yet, the presence of CNS metastasis can significantly alter prognosis and impact treatment decision-making. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of CNS metastases is an important step in staging. While the imaging appearances of metastases can be highly variable depending on histological subtypes of primary tumors, there are important imaging features that can help with diagnosis and treatment planning. Furthermore, metastatic disease can initially present as a lesion(s) in the brain or spine sometimes mimicking primary tumors or non-neoplastic etiologies such as inflammation and infection. The imaging approach to CNS metastasis depends on both clinical symptoms and cancer types in order to maximize the sensitivity of lesion detection. In this chapter, a general approach to imaging of brain and spinal metastases is presented. Commonly encountered post-treatment imaging findings are also discussed.
Evolving Evolvability: Evolving both representations and operators

The behavior of an evolutionary system incorporating both an evolving genetic representation (a learning mechanism) and an evolving genetic operator (mutation) is explored. Simulations demonstrate the evolution of evolvability through the co-adaptation of these two mechanisms. It is also shown that this co-adaptation produces a transmission function that becomes more conservative as the strength of the learning mechanism increases.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis (CBTp)

The psychotherapy of psychosis has a long history (Stone 1999). Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis (CBTp) did not gather momentum until the late 1980s and early 1990s, when groups of cognitive psychologists in Great Britain and elsewhere began studying the cognitive processes underlying psychosis (Bentall and Kaney 1989). This led to a cognitive model of psychosis (Garety et al. 2001) and treatments based on that model. A number of comprehensive textbooks of CBTp are currently available (Chadwick et al. 1996; Kingdon and Turkington 2005; Beck et al. 2009). To date there have been numerous evidence-based controlled trials of CBTp which testify to the effectiveness of CBTp (Wykes et al. 2008; Tai and Turkington 2009).
Voters and presidential intelligence

Abstract Can voters accurately discern a president's intelligence and do the intelligence perceptions of voters affect their vote choice in presidential elections? Presidents scored as more intelligent by experts also score more highly on the presidential greatness rankings. Study 1 uses expert ratings of presidential intelligence to assess whether voter perceptions of presidential intelligence are accurate, using American National Election (ANES) survey data from 1980 through 2008 (n= 13276). Voters are moderately to weakly accurate in perceiving presidential intelligence (r = 0.24, p
In Search of Accurate Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Mobile Applications.

Abstract Background: Regulation of medical applications (apps) has not been rigorous. Concern for inaccurate medical apps with potential health consequences has increased. Objective: To identify mo...
Publisher Correction: Interplay between hypoxia and androgen controls a metabolic switch conferring resistance to androgen/AR-targeted therapy.

The original version of this Article contained errors in Fig. 7. In panels e and f, the graph titles incorrectly read ‘LNCaP-AdtNs’ and ‘LAPC4-AdtNs’, respectively. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Middle Toddlerhood: Autonomy and Peer Awareness in the Context of Families and Child Care

Middle toddlerhood is a period marked by the development of autonomy and resulting growth in peer awareness. This chapter discusses how development in the physical, cognitive, and language domains interacts with emotional and social development, specifically with the areas of autonomy and peer awareness. Further, the importance of responsive caregiving that supports toddlers in feeling secure as they explore the environment around them and their own capabilities is emphasized. This responsive caregiving, particularly in the context of experience expectable environments, promotes toddlers’ optimal social and emotional development. Risks to development such as toxic stress, particularly for toddlers whose families are homeless or who are first- or second-generation immigrants, are discussed. Practical strategies for helping toddlers process their emotions (e.g., name it, claim it, explain it) and for promoting positive, responsive relationships across family and child care contexts are described. Finally, this chapter concludes with examples of current tools to assess toddlers’ social and emotional development and child care experiences and environment.