cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Community control in a Gesellschaft world: A comment

This comment discusses Nassi's analysis in terms of culture conflict as discussed by Earl Johnson (1977). Johnson's analysis, which examines gemeinschaft to gesellschaft societal changes resulting from industrialization provides a wholistic, evolutionary view of changing modes of community control. It is concluded that Johnson's analysis offers a more radical perspective than Nassi's because it deals not merely with power and economic relations, but also with fundamental values which transcend generations and singular societies.
Correlation effects in ideal metals.

We use an optimized variational theory to calculate the surface energy of «ideal metals,» a model recently suggested by Shore and Rose. Excellent agreement is found between calculated and experimental surface energies of simple metals
Photo-injection of electrons from metal films into single-crystal Al2O3 layers

Abstract Photoemission from metal films into insulators has been confined in the past to experiments where the thickness of the insulating films was less than one micron. In this paper we report results of photo-injection of electrons from thin metallic films into single-crystal sapphire films of 10–20 mil thickness. Results are given for the interface barrier height between the metal electrode and the sapphire layer for several metals. The results of the study of the transport of these injected carriers in Al 2 O 3 show a possible Poole-Frenkel type of transport through the insulator. Both transient and steady state transport data have been obtained as functions of the electric field in the insulator and the temperature. It is also shown that this structure with metal films on both sides of the insulator layer is a convenient tool for the study of transport properties of photo-injected electrons in both metal and insulating layers.
Acute Myocardial Infarction with Angiographically Demonstrated Normal Coronary Arteries in the Presence of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

A 51-year-old Mack woman with known, echocardiographically-documented hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was admitted to the hospital with an acute myocardial infarction diagnosed by both electrocardiographic and serum enzyme changes. Six weeks following discharge, the patient underwent left-sided heart catheterization, left ventriculography, and coronary arteriography, and she was found to have entirely normal coronary arteries. There are possible pathogenetic mechanisms of myocardial infarction in the presence of normal coronary arteries in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and it is also possibly significant that myocardial infarction is seen in patients with hypertropic cardiomyopathy.
Measurement and comparison of anxiety levels of parents of stuttering, articulatory defective, and normal-speaking children

Abstract This study was conducted to determine whether or not parents of stutterers are generally more anxious than parents of nonstutterers. In addition, the situational anxiety attendant upon the viewing of their own children was compared with that of parents of articulatory defective and normal-speaking children. Seven sets of parents of stutterers, articulatory defective, and normal speaking children ( N = 42) were administered the A-Trait measure of the Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (Spielberger et al., 1965) before and after viewing videotapes of their own chilg and a child of each of the two other groups. Results indicating that parents of stuttering children exhibit more situational anxiety than parents in either of the other two groups are discussed in terms of their clinical implications.
Psychological and Neurological Comparisons of Psychomotor and Non‐Psychomotor Epileptic Patients

SUMMARY Piospective (N=38) and retrospective (N= 113) samples of epileptics were selected from those adolescent and adult patients investigated between 1959–1969 at the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke. None were handicapped by mental retardation, neurological deficits or by ongoing neurological or medical illness. EEGs and seizures were unequivocal. Clinical and psychological and laboratory data were analyzed by t-test, Chi-square and analysis of variance to look for differences between psychomotor and non-psychomotor epileptics. Of special interest were the controversial issues of psychosis, schizophrenia, aggressive impulsivity, sexual dysfunction, and affective disorder. With a few exceptions, no significant differences were found. In addition, the same data were used to evaluate the importance of the following for the psychomotor epileptics alone: laterality of the temporal lobe EEG focus, bilaterality vs. unilaterality of EEG focus, presence or absence of generalized convulsive seizures. Except for a few items, none was significantly distinguished. The entire epileptic sample, however, was significantly different by MMPI from a (control) group of 10,049 college students reported in the literature, and by clinical psychiatric data from expected random occurrence. RESUME Parmi les patients adolescents et adultes etudies entre 1959 et 1969 au National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke on a selectionne des groupes 'epileptiques qui ont eteetudies les uns de facon prospective (N=38) et les autres de facon retrospective (N=113). Aucun de ces sujets ne presentait de retard mental, ni de deficits neurologiques ni de maladie neurologique ou medicale en cours. Les E.E.G. et les crises etaient incontestables. On a etudie les donnees cliniques, psychologiques et de laboratoire en employant le t-test, chi-square et 'analyse de variance pour chercher les differences entre les epileptiques presentant ou non une epilepsie psychomotrice. 'un interet tout particulier etait les sujets contreverses concernant la psychose, la schizophrenie, les impulsions aggressives, les troubles sexuels et le desordre affectif. A quelques exceptions pres on n'a pas trouve de differences significatives entre les deux groupes. De plus, les memes donnees ont ete utilisees chez les epileptiques psychomoteurs pour evaluer 'importance des facteurs suivants: la lateralisation du foyer E.E.G. sur lobe temporal, les problemes de la bilateralitevs. unilateralite du foyer E.E.G., la presence ou 'absence de crises convulsives generalisees. Mis a part quelques elements, on n'a pas retrouve de facteurs bien significatifs. Cependant le groupe des epileptiques dans son ensemble eatait different de facon significative, suivant les MMPI, 'un groupe de controle de 10,049 etudiants de colleges (rapporte dans la litterature) et suivant les donnees de la clinique psychiatrique 'une population prise au hasard.
Brain tumor presenting as somnambulism in an adolescent.

Abstract Background Sleepwalking is typically a benign and self-limited non–rapid eye movement parasomnia of childhood. Patient We describe an unusual 15-year-old boy referred to our sleep center for new-onset sleepwalking. Results An overnight polysomnogram was normal from a respiratory standpoint, but a concurrent extended electroencephalogram montage showed frequent epileptiform discharges from the right parietal-temporal region and two electroclinical seizures arising from the right-frontal-central-temporal region during sleep. Magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a right parasagittal parietal region lesion consistent with a low-grade neoplasm, and surgical resection of the lesion demonstrated a right parietal dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. Complex partial seizures and sleepwalking remitted completely with anticonvulsant therapy following surgery. Conclusions This patient highlights the differential diagnosis of nocturnal events appearing to be typical parasomnias, especially when they arise abruptly at an older age.
Failure of 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid and cinnamic acid to serve as precursors of tropic acid in Datura innoxia

Abstract Datura innoxia plants were fed the R - and S -isomers of [3- 14 C]-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid, and [3- 14 C]cinnamic acid along with dl -[4- 3 H]phenylalanine. The hyoscyamine and scopolamine isolated from the plants 7 days later were labeled with tritium, but devoid of 14 C, indicating that 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid and cinnamic acid are not intermediates between phenylalanine and tropic acid. The [ 3 H] tropic acid obtained by hydrolysis of the hyoscyamine was degraded and shown to have essentially all its tritium located at the para position of its phenyl group, a result consistent with previous work.
Scrambled randomized response methods for obtaining sensitive quantitative data

Abstract We study a multiplicative randomized response method for obtaining responses to sensitive questions when the answers are quantitative. The method involves the respondent multiplying his sensitive answer by a random number from a known distribution, and giving the product to the interviewer, who does not know the value of the random number and thus receives a scrambled response. Some particular distributions for the random scrambling number are proposed and studied, and ways of generating the scrambling numbers are discussed. Some modifications for increasing the efficiency of the method are proposed, and numerical results are given that show the scrambled response method is generally superior to the previously used method of randomizing questions.
Evaluating Effectiveness of Modeling Motion System Feedback in the Enhanced Hess Structural Model of the Human Operator

In order to use the Hess Structural Model to predict the need for certain cueing systems, George and Cardullo significantly expanded it by adding motion feedback to the model and incorporating models of the motion system dynamics, motion cueing algorithm and a vestibular system. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate effectiveness of these innovations by performing a comparison analysis of the model performance with and without the expanded motion feedback. The proposed methodology is composed of two stages. The first stage involves fine-tuning parameters of the original Hess structural model in order to match the actual control behavior recorded during the experiments at NASA Visual Motion Simulator (VMS) facility. The parameter tuning procedure utilizes a new automated parameter identification technique, which was developed at the Man-Machine Systems Lab at SUNY Binghamton. In the second stage of the proposed methodology, an expanded motion feedback is added to the structural model. The resulting performance of the model is then compared to that of the original one. As proposed by Hess, metrics to evaluate the performance of the models include comparison against the crossover models standards imposed on the crossover frequency and phase margin of the overall man-machine system. Preliminary results indicate the advantage of having the model of the motion system and motion cueing incorporated into the model of the human operator. It is also demonstrated that the crossover frequency and the phase margin of the expanded model are well within the limits imposed by the crossover model.
New Indications for Treatment of Chronic Inflammation by TNF-α Blockade

The impressive anti-inflammatory effects of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha blockers etanercept and infliximab have led to their use in multiple inflammatory diseases besides their original indication, rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The well-studied clinical effects of both agents in RA are the reduction of signs and symptoms of joint inflammation as well as the arrest of bone destruction. Infliximab has also been Food and Drug Administration-approved in the treatment of Crohn disease; etanercept is now FDA-approved for juvenile chronic arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Favorable initial clinical trials have been reported in other rheumatic diseases, including ankylosing spondylitis and adult Still disease. In addition, TNF alpha blockade is being studied in the treatment of uveitis, myelodysplastic syndromes, and graft-versus-host disease. Studies in sepsis and septic shock have identified small subsets of patients that may benefit from TNF alpha blockade, but broader use in septic patients has not improved survival. The TNF alpha blockers have had relatively infrequent serious side effects, especially compared with the immunosuppressive and cytotoxic agents otherwise employed to treat these diseases. Further studies of optimal dosing, combination with other therapies, and long-term benefits and side effects will emerge from future trials.
Toward through-process layout quality metrics

Quality of a layout has the most direct impact in the manufacturability of a design. Traditionally, layout quality is ensured in the first order by design rules, i.e. if a layout is free of design rules violation, it is a good layout. It is assumed such a layout will be fabricated to specification. Moreover, a design rule clean layout also ensures the electrical performance of the circuit it represents. There are other layout quality measures, e.g. random defects yield of a layout is modeled by critical area, systematic defects yield is sometime measured by a weighted score of recommended design rules. All the traditional layout quality measures are computed with drawn layout shapes. In the advent of low K1 lithography and the increasing variability of process technologies beyond 90nm, nominal layout quality measures need to be revisited. Traditionally, nominal electrical properties such as L-eff and W-eff are extracted from drawn layout, and the corner cases are estimated with worst case process conditions. Most of these parameters are layout pattern dependent. As a matter of fact, they can be systematic through process and can have large impact in the modeling of circuit parameters [1]. In this paper, we investigate a through process layout quality measure, in which we extract through process electrical parameters from simulated through process resist contours. We showed a mechanism to compute a statistical model that predicts through process electrical parameters from the process parameter variation. We demonstrated that such computation is practical.
Environmental mitigation and the Upper Yazoo Projects

The US Army Engineer District, Vicksburg (CELMK), evaluated an array of flood control alternatives, which included up to 167 water control structures, 52 confined disposal facilities, and 47 borrow pits as part of a major flood control effort known as the Upper Yazoo Projects (UYP). Many of these project features are capable of ponding water and thus can be managed to mitigate for aquatic, terrestrial, waterfowl, and wetland resource losses expected to occur as a result of the UYP. The benefits to be derived will depend upon the land uses and management of the ponded areas. The US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station developed procedures to quantify the cost and habitat benefits of the many management options for these sites. The mitigation strategy was derived by optimizing various combinations of land acquisition, reforestation, land-use change, and site hydrology so that the least-cost mitigation plan could be selected.
Constraint-based parametric conics for CAD

We describe how to construct conic blending arcs from constraints, using a unified rational parametric representation that combines the separate cases of blending parallel and non-parallel edges. The possible constraints are that the arc must have a given distance from a line, a point, or a circle, or else intersect a circle or a line at a prescribed angle. Our representation is easily converted into a rational B-spline with positive weights, and is therefore compatible with internal representations used by most solid modeling systems. Finally, we discuss how we integrated this work with an algebraic constraint solver.
Composition dependence of the thermodynamic activity and lattice parameter of ζ nickel-indium

Abstract The vapor pressure of indium over six alloys in the ζ phase of the nickel-indium system was measured by the method of atomic absorption. Values of thermodynamic activity were calculated from the vapor pressure, and partial heat and entropy of indium were calculated from the temperature coefficients. The lattice parameters of the hexagonal B8 2 unit cell of all alloys were calculated from X-ray diffraction powder patterns. It was found that the a lattice parameter passed through a minimum at the same composition that the excess chemical potential showed a sharp change of slope, when graphed as a function of composition. These effects were similar to those observed previously which have been attributed to overlap by the Fermi surface of a Brillouin zone face. In the present case they were attributed to overlap of the Fermi surface across faces tentatively identified as the {110} faces of the Brillouin zone of the B8 2 structure. The influence of substitutional disorder was also considered as a cause of the thermodynamic effects, but this was rejected because it does not explain the minimum in lattice parameter.
Effects of α2-agonists upon colonic propulsion

The α2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and lidamidine were found to be effective in decreasing colonic propulsion in conscious mice after oral administration. Propulsive activity was measured using evacuation of a rectally administered glass bead as the endpoint. The ED50's of clonidine and lidamidine in this assay were 55 μg/kg and 1.4 mg/kg, respectively. The effects of these compounds were selectively blocked by the α2-antagonists SK&F 72223 and RX 781094 (idazoxan) but not by other standard receptor antagonists. Administration of lidamidine to cats over the same dosage range as was markedly active in mice icreased circular, but not longitudinal, colonic contractile activity, an effect that could be reversed by injection of idazoxan.
Recursive least squares filtering under stochastic computational errors

Power efficiency and reliability are two issues facing digital signal processing (DSP) systems designed using CMOS and nanoscale process technologies. Power saving techniques like voltage overscaling (VOS) in CMOS technologies and the reliability issues in nanoscale processes make these systems susceptible to transient errors. These errors often manifest themselves as large magnitude errors at the application level and can severely degrade system performance. In this work we investigate the performance of recursive least squares (RLS) estimation under stochastic errors. The time recursive nature of the RLS technique can cause severe degradation of system performance under certain error conditions. An error detection mechanism based on observing weight updates can provide substantial system level performance improvements.
The FGFR D3 Domain Determines Receptor Selectivity For Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

FGF21 is a member of a unique subfamily of fibroblast growth factors that function as endocrine hormones and regulate a variety of metabolic activities. Unlike paracrine FGFs, FGF21 does not bind heparin and requires βKlotho as a co-receptor to activate FGFR signaling. In the presence of βKlotho, FGF21 is able to activate FGFRs 1c, 2c and 3c but not FGFR4. Chimeric FGFR1c/FGFR4 receptors were constructed to identify domains that confer this specificity and to understand regions important for FGF21-induced receptor activation. With these chimeras, we showed that domain 3 of the FGFR1c extracellular domain plays a critical role in specificity determination and receptor activation by FGF21. Furthermore, we were able to narrow down the sequences important for this function to a six amino acid region within domain 3 of FGFR1c. It is interesting to note that this region falls into the βC'-βE loop, which has been shown to be important for receptor specificity determination in paracrine FGFs, suggesting a common principle in both endocrine and paracrine FGF receptor interaction and activation.
Laser-induced ion formation thresholds of aerosol particles in a vacuum.

Using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we have measured the threshold for producing ions from various aerosol particles in a vacuum with laser radiation at 248 nm, 308 nm, and 10.6 μm. In addition, a limited amount of similar data were taken at 193 and 337 nm. At 10.6 μm, two thresholds were observed: one near 3 GW/cm2, which corresponds to partial ionization, and another at 6 GW/cm2, which we attribute to plasma formation. At 308 nm, the threshold for ion production is on the order of 200 MW/cm2. Shorter wavelengths require even less energy, with < 100 MW/cm2 yielding normal molecular-mass spectra and approximately 500 MW/cm2 fragmenting the sample to atomic ions.
Neural systems underlying the reappraisal of personally craved foods

Craving of unhealthy food is a common target of self-regulation, but the neural systems underlying this process are understudied. In this study, participants used cognitive reappraisal to regulate their desire to consume idiosyncratically craved or not craved energy-dense foods, and neural activity during regulation was compared with each other and with the activity during passive viewing of energy-dense foods. Regulation of both food types elicited activation in classic top-down self-regulation regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal, inferior frontal, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortices. This main effect of regulation was qualified by an interaction, such that activation in these regions was significantly greater during reappraisal of craved versus not craved foods and several regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal, inferior frontal, medial frontal, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortices, were uniquely active during regulation of personally craved foods. Body mass index significantly negatively correlated with regulation-related activation in the right dorsolateral PFC, thalamus, and bilateral dorsal ACC and with activity in nucleus accumbens during passive viewing of craved vs. neutral, low-energy density foods. These results suggest that several of the brain regions involved in the self-regulation of food craving are similar to other kinds of affective self-regulation and that others are sensitive to the self-relevance of the regulation target.
Habituation in Aplysia: the Cheshire cat of neurobiology.

Abstract The marine snail, Aplysia californica, is a valuable model system for cell biological studies of learning and memory. Aplysia exhibits a reflexive withdrawal of its gill and siphon in response to weak or moderate tactile stimulation of its skin. Repeated tactile stimulation causes this defensive withdrawal reflex to habituate. Both short-term habituation, lasting 24 h, have been reported in Aplysia. Habituation of the withdrawal reflex correlates with, and is in part due to, depression of transmission at the monosynaptic connection between mechanoreceptive sensory neurons and motor neurons within the abdominal ganglion. Habituation-related short-term depression of the sensorimotor synapse appears to be due exclusively to presynaptic changes. However, changes within the sensory neuron, by themselves, do not account for more persistent depression of the sensorimotor synapse. Recent behavioral work suggests that long-term habituation in Aplysia critically involves postsynaptic processes, specifically, activation of AMPA- and NMDA-type receptors. In addition, long-term habituation requires activity of protein phosphatases, including protein phosphatases 1, 2A, and 2B, as well as activity of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Cellular work has succeeded in demonstrating long-term, homosynaptic depression (LTD) of the sensorimotor synapse in dissociated cell culture and, more recently, LTD of the glutamate response of isolated motor neurons in culture (“hemisynaptic” LTD). These in vitro forms of LTD have mechanistic parallels to long-term habituation. In particular, homosynaptic LTD of the sensorimotor synapse requires elevated intracellular Ca2+ within the motor neuron, and hemisynaptic LTD requires activity of AMPA- and NMDA-type receptors. In addition, activation of group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) can induce hemisynaptic LTD. The demonstration of LTD in vitro opens up a promising new avenue for attempts to relate long-term habituation to cellular changes within the nervous system of Aplysia.
Enhancement of Pavlovian conditioned inhibition achieved by posttraining inflation of the training excitor

In two conditioned lick suppression experiments using water-deprived rats, we examined the effects of following Pavlovian conditioned inhibition training (i.e., A–US/AX-NoUS) with pairings of the training excitor (A) and the unconditioned stimulus (US). Experiments 1 and 2 assessed the effects of this posttraining inflation treatment on Pavlovian conditioned inhibition using a summation test and a retardation test, respectively. Both experiments revealed that subjects exposed to inflation treatment demonstrated behavior indicative of enhanced conditioned inhibition compared to subjects that did not receive inflation treatment. The results in conjunction with other recent findings suggest that posttraining associative deflation (i.e., extinction of A) and inflation effects are more symmetrical than has previously been realized.
Magnetorheology of Multiwalled Nanotube Dispersions in Mineral Oil

The magnetorheological (MR) effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) was investigated. Three concentrations of MWNT were dispersed in mineral oil (0.5, 1.5 and 2.53 vol% nanotubes). Rheological investigations were conducted on a magnetorheological cell coupled to a controlled stress rheometer. Oscillatory tests and rotational tests were conducted. A sinuisoidal strain between 0 and 1 with a frequency of 1 Hz was applied and the stress amplitude measured for 0, 171 and 343 kA/m magnetic field strengths. Linear viscoelasticity was determined to exist at strains less than 5%. Dynamic frequency sweeps were conducted at a strain of 1% between 0 and 100 radians/s. A crossover from viscous to elastic behavior was observed for some concentrations. The crossover frequency decreased with field strength as well as with concentration of MWNT. Rotational tests were conducted between shear rates of 0 to 100/s. All dispersions had a zero shear yield stress indicative of Bingham behavior. A magnetosweep was conducted by keeping the strain within the linear viscoelastic region at a frequency of 1 Hz and ramping the magnetic field strength from 0 to 343 kA/m. The results indicate that MWNT show MR behavior.
Antenatal phenobarbital therapy and neonatal income.

To the Editor. Attempts to analyze methods of preventing intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are difficult for a variety of reasons. ICH has a diverse pathophysiology, marked interinstitutional variance in occurrence, and there has been a progressive decline in the prevalence of ICH over the past decade. The efforts of Shankaran and colleagues1 to clarify this issue are appreciated. The authors might comment on the following points to provide further insight into their study: 1. There has been a marked decline in prevalence of severe ICH over the past decade, probably as a result of changing obstetric and neonatal care.2 It is puzzling that the study of Shankaran et al1 is published over ten years after it began. Why was there such a delay in publication? With regard to advances in perinatal care, is this study applicable to perinatal care in the 1990s? 2. Many different studies suggest that antenatal betamethasone dramatically reduces the incidence of ICH.2,3 The recent National Institutes of Health consensus of experts suggests that antenatal betamethasone is one of the most studied, efficacious, and underutilized interventions in obstetrics.3 In the study of Shankaran and colleagues,1 only 35% of their study population were given antenatal betamethasone. Is this study applicable to the 1990s when all these patients should be given antenatal betamethasone? Does the authors' institution routinely use antenatal betamethasone currently? 3. Why is ICH categorized as mild, moderate, and …
Superconducting gap in bi-sr-ca-cu-o by high-resolution angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.

Detailed studies indicate a superconducting gap in the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. Photoemission measurements with high energy and angle resolution isolate the behavior of a single band as it crosses the Fermi level in both the normal and superconducting states, giving support to the Fermi liquid picture. The magnitude of the gap is 24 millielectron volts.
A numerical study of the operational shock response in a hard disk drive using the discrete stiffness method

The flying stability of hard disk drives (HDDs) during operational shock has become increasingly more important as the flying height of the head/disk interface has been reduced to the sub-10 nm flying height regime. In this paper, the dynamic response of a femto slider due to operational shock is investigated. The air bearing is modeled with six linear springs using the “discrete stiffness method”.
A sub-optimal, yet effective, non-coherent change detection algorithm for multi-look SAR imagery

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has examined single-polarity, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data collected in spotlight mode at X band as part of an effort to identify land mines in radar imagery. This data set consisted of several single-polarization, extremely high-resolution, spotlight-mode SAR images from multiple passes over a common target area that included various reference reflectors as well as the landmines. In particular, certain mines were placed in the scene for only a portion of the data collection, creating an opportunity for the investigation of various change detection algorithms. We describe a sub-optimal, yet effective, change detection algorithm based on a Mahalanobis-like distance metric, and we apply it to a recently collected SAR data set.
Cost-plus contractor selection: An analytical method

Abstract A method of organizing, combining and measuring the performance qualifications of cost-plus contractors has been developed. The methodology uses the concepts of decision theory, utility theory and value theory to model the performance potential of contractors competing for a cost-plus contract. Two models are formulated; the first, the worth model, is a deterministic representation of a contractor's performance potential. The second model, the utility model, allows the risk of variable contractor performance and the owner's attitude toward this risk to be incorporated into the formulation. The methodology is demonstrated using a simplified contractor selection situation and the results of both models are compared and contrasted. The methodology is viewed as an aid to owners and agencies who must make rational, consistent decisions when selecting cost-plus contractors.
In vitro cultivation of Ostertagia ostertagi, the medium stomach worm of cattle. II. Effect of insect-growth-disrupting amines and amides on development.

Abstract Thirteen secondary and tertiary amides and amines that disrupt growth and development in certain insects were tested at concentrations of 0.25–5.0 p.p.m. for their effects on development of Ostertagia ostertagi, from infective larvae to egg-laying adults, in a two-step roller culture system. These compounds did not affect exsheathment of infective larvae. However, some of these compounds inhibited development or killed 100% of the exsheathed larvae at concentrations of 1.0–2.5 p.p.m. Minimum inhibitive concentrations of several of the amines and amides affected the nematodes in one or more of the following ways: decreased motility or paralysis; reduced survival; delayed or blocked third or fourth ecdysis; lowered yields of advanced stages; decreased production of fertile and non-fertile eggs. The results also indicated that, as in insects, these chemicals exerted their lethal effects against O. ostertagi at the time of molt.
Formation and Stability of Ni−Al Hydroxide Phases in Soils

The formation of mixed metal−aluminum hydroxide surface precipitates is a potentially significant uptake route for trace metals (including Co, Ni, and Zn) in environmental systems. This paper investigates the effect of mixed Ni−Al hydroxide precipitate formation and aging on Ni solubility and bioavailability in laboratory contaminated soils. Two Delaware agricultural soils were reacted with a 3 mM Ni solution for 12 months at pH’s above and below the threshold for mixed Ni−Al hydroxide formation. Ni speciation was determined at 1, 6, and 12 months using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Precipitate solubility was examined through desorption experiments using HNO3 and EDTA as desorbing agents, whereas metal bioavailability was assessed using a Ni-specific bacterial biosensor. For both soils, the formation of Ni−Al hydroxide surface precipitates resulted in a reduction in the fraction of desorbed and bioavailable Ni. However, precipitate dissolution was greater, particularly with EDTA, than in published ...
On proper holomorphic mappings among irreducible bounded symmetric domains of rank at least 2

Proper holomorphic mappings among domains on Euclidean spaces is a classical topic in Several Complex Variables. The literature can date back to the earliest results like the theorem of H. Alexander [1] which says that any proper holomorphic self-map of the complex unit n-ball is a biholomorphism if n ≥ 2. Since then, the study of the proper holomorphic mappings between complex unit balls of different dimensions has become a very popular topic in the field. Many important inputs from various perspectives have been made, like Algebraic Geometry, Chern-Moser Theory, Segre variety and Bergman kernel, etc. It is apparent by now that the complexity of the problem grows with the codimension and one in general must impose certain regularity assumptions on the proper maps in order to give any satisfactory classification.
Dynamic handoff decision in heterogeneous wireless systems: Q-learning approach

The satisfaction of a mobile user in a heterogeneous wireless environment relies heavily on the appropriate choice of network. With the presence of various wireless technologies and advances in smart mobile devices, the mobile terminal in next generation wireless communications will likely make intelligent handoff decisions to optimize the user Quality of Experience (QoE). This paper investigates network selection and handoff decision with the goal of maximizing user QoE. An algorithm based on Q-learning is obtained that chooses the best network based not only on the current network state but also the potential future network and device states. As opposed to other dynamic programming-based algorithms, this method does not require the knowledge of the statistics of the wireless environment, but learns an optimum policy by utilizing the mobile device's past experience. It is shown that the QoE results of the proposed Dynamic Handoff Decision (DHD) algorithm come very close to the performance of an optimum oracle algorithm, while on average fewer number of network handoffs are required.
Genotypic and Environmental Effects on Oat Milling Characteristics and Groat Hardness

ABSTRACT The production of oat bran involves the dehulling of oats, inactivation of their enzymes, and the subsequent grinding and sieving of the clean groats to isolate the larger bran particles. The bran yield from the oat groats may be related to their hardness, as it is in wheat. Groat breakage, which occurs during the dehulling process, reduces milling yield and may also be related to groat hardness. This study sought to investigate genotypic and environmental effects on oat dry milling and oat dehulling characteristics, and attempted to define properties associated with oat groat hardness. Significant genotypic differences in bran yield were largely attributed to groat composition, where higher β-glucan and oil concentrations in the groat were associated with higher bran yields. Bran composition was largely dependent on a combination of the bran yield and the groat composition. Although groat breakage was correlated with bran yield and with groat β-glucan concentration, environmental factors appeare...
Operator Means and Matrix Functions

Abstract Operator means are nonlinear matrix functions that arise in the study of interconnection of n -ports (Hilbert ports). We survey some of the relations among operator means, shorted operators, Dini's theorem, and norm convergence. Matrix valued functions are used to present new examples of many diverse convergence behaviors. We also give a new result on the geometric mean.
Structure and function of human plasma carboxypeptidase N, the anaphylatoxin inactivator

Abstract Human carboxypeptidase N (CPN) was discovered in the early 1960s as a plasma enzyme that inactivates bradykinin and was identified 8 years later as the major “anaphylatoxin inactivator” of blood. CPN plays an important role in protecting the body from excessive buildup of potentially deleterious peptides that normally act as local autocrine or paracrine hormones. This review summarizes the structure, enzymatic properties and function of this important human enzyme, including insights gained by the recent elucidation of the crystal structure of the CPN catalytic subunit and structural modeling of the non-catalytic regulatory 83 kDa subunit. We also discuss its physiological role in cleaving substrates such as kinins, anaphylatoxins, creatine kinase, plasminogen receptors, hemoglobin and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α).
Adaptive estimation of time-varying late potentials: technical and clinical aspects

Ventricular late potentials are low amplitude, high frequency signals present in the terminal portion of the QRS. The origin of late potentials are the myocardial zones with slow and inhomogenous activation patterns that provide the substrate for reentrant excitation leading to ventricular tachycardia. The signal averaging technique can only detect ventricular late potentials which are absolutely constant in duration, morphology, and timing relative to the QRS complex; therefore, this technique does not allow the detection of dynamic changes in ventricular late potentials which may occur either spontaneously or during various diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The clinical advantage of detecting late potentials on a beat to beat basis are obvious as it facilitates the study of the relationship between late potentials and the occurrence of spontaneous or reentrant tachycardia. Here, a statistical model is developed characterizing the late potentials. Each QRS beat which contains late potentials is adaptively canceled and the output of the adaptive system would be an estimate of the late potentials.
The Reed-Sternberg Cell: Molecular Characterization by Proteomic Analysis with Therapeutic Implications

Objective: To characterize Reed-Sternberg (R-S) cells by proteomic analysis in order to gain insight into the molecular pathways that control their growth and thereby to discern potential molecular interventions in Hodgkin's disease. Methods: Ten cases of the nodular sclerosing (NS) subtype and 4 cases of the lymphocyte- predominant (LP) subtype were studied. Immunohistochemical procedures were performed to detect the following antigens: CD20, CD30, c-kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α, cathepsin D, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor, phosphorylated c-Jun N- terminal kinase (p-JNK), c-Jun, Ki-67, the latency-associated peptide (LAP) of transforming growth factor- beta 1 (TGF-β1), and the TGF-β receptor (TGF-βRII). Immunoreactivities were scored from 0 to 3+ positivity using bright-field microscopy. Results: The tyrosine kinase signal transducer, PDGFR-α, the AT1 receptor transactivator, the p-JNK downstream effector, Ki-67, and proapoptotic TGF-β1 (LAP) were detected in R-S cells of the NS and LP subtypes; companion dendritic cells expressed cathepsin D and ACE. Intranuclear c-Jun was present in the NS subtype and stronger immunoreactivity for TGF-βRII was evident in the LP subtype. Conclusion: These data corroborate observations in the literature, characterizing R-S cells as possessing molecular pathways that incorporate PDGFR-α signaling and angiotensin transactivation with a potential for growth inhibition through activation of TGF-β1 and upregulation of its receptor. Specific therapies to target R-S cells in Hodgkin's disease might include STI571, an AT1 receptor inhibitor, and retinoids. (received 9 April 2002, accepted 24 June 2002)
LGBTQQ youth creating change: Developing allies against bullying through performance and dialogue

Abstract Research has documented heterosexism and genderism facing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQQ) students in schools, especially as it relates to experiencing bullying and harassment. However, little research addresses anti-LGBTQQ bullying interventions, and no research has examined the use of youth-led performance and dialogue in cultivating anti-bullying behaviors among students. The present mixed-methods study assesses one such intervention led by a community-based LGBTQQ and allied youth group. Repeated measures general linear modeling demonstrates a positive impact of this intervention on middle and high school students' likelihood to intervene when witnessing anti-LGBTQQ harassment and confidence to successfully do so, particularly for White students. Qualitative findings demonstrate barriers to intervention and decision-making processes of youth when intervening. Results suggest the importance of these interventions in empowering LGBTQQ youth to effect change in their schools.
The spectral gap and perturbation bounds for reversible continuous-time Markov chains

We show that, for reversible continuous-time Markov chains, the closeness of the nonzero eigenvalues of the generator to zero provides complete information about the sensitivity of the distribution vector to perturbations of the generator. Our results hold for both the transient and the stationary states.
Review question formats and web design usability in computer-assisted instruction

We tested the effects of two embedded review question formats and the application of web design guidelines in a computer-assisted mastery learning course in developmental psychology. Students used either a branching review question format that redirected them to relevant portions of the study module after incorrect answers or a linear format that only provided the correct answer and then continued to the next review question. Students who used the branching format scored higher on their first attempt to pass the mastery quiz, and they required fewer tries to achieve the 90% mastery criterion. The effectiveness of web design guidelines was evaluated based on students’ opinions. Students with positive opinions about the readability and navigational usability of the study module scored higher on their first quiz.
On the Origin of EL2 Intracenter Absorption Band in GaAs

An alternative interpretation of optical absorption spectra due to intracenter transition within EL2 defect in GaAs is provided. The arguments are presented that states originating from the L-valley of the conduction band can account for the presence of the wide absorption band, the no-phonon line and the observed uniaxial stress splittings. Using the analogy to the DX center, this model presents an explanation for the existence of the metastable state of EL2.
Risk of Spermatic Cord Injury During Anterior Pelvic Ring and Acetabular Surgery: An Anatomical Study

Background: Anterior pelvic ring surgery includes a variety of plating techniques and insertion of retrograde superior pubic ramus screws. Anterior acetabular surgery also includes fixation through an ilioinguinal or Stoppa approach. These exposures risk injury to the spermatic cord and accompanying genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. The primary aim of this study was to identify the distance between the midline and the spermatic cords in adult male cadaveric specimens. The secondary aim was to determine spermatic cord diameters and measure the distance between the spermatic cord and implant during instrumentation of a retrograde superior pubic ramus medullary screw. Methods: Extended Pfannenstiel and Stoppa approaches were performed on 18 embalmed male cadavers bilaterally. Spermatic cord characteristics were recorded and a number of measurements were performed to determine the distance of implants and the midline from the spermatic cord. Results: The average distance between the midline and spermatic cords was 34.2 mm. The average distance between the spermatic cord and implant was 18.2 mm. Eleven of the thirty-six dissections had abnormalities including cord lipomas and inguinal hernias. The average cord diameter was 18.6 mm. The average cord diameter in those with abnormalities was 24.9 mm and 16 mm in those without abnormalities, this difference was statistically significant. Discussion: Due to the proximity of the spermatic cord, the surgeon should either formally expose the cord or limit lateral dissection from the midline during Pfannenstiel and Stoppa exposures. Similarly, the surgeon should use soft-tissue sleeves and oscillating drills to avoid injury to the contralateral spermatic cord during the insertion of retrograde superior pubic ramus medullary screws.
A quantum Monte Carlo study of electron correlation in transition metal oxygen molecules

Abstract We carry out calculations of selected transition metal–oxygen molecules within density functional theory, post-Hartree–Fock, and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. Transition metal–oxygen systems have competing electron correlation and exchange effects and require accurate treatment of both of these effects. We analyze the biases of the mentioned methods and their impacts on the electronic structure. We evaluate binding energies and compare the accuracy of various approaches including single and multi-reference trial wave functions in QMC.
Importance of Storm Events in Controlling Ecosystem Structure and Function in a Florida Gulf Coast Estuary

Abstract From 8/95 to 2/01, we investigated the ecological effects of intra- and inter-annual variability in freshwater flow through Taylor Creek in southeastern Everglades National Park. Continuous monitoring and intensive sampling studies overlapped with an array of pulsed weather events that impacted physical, chemical, and biological attributes of this region. We quantified the effects of three events representing a range of characteristics (duration, amount of precipitation, storm intensity, wind direction) on the hydraulic connectivity, nutrient and sediment dynamics, and vegetation structure of the SE Everglades estuarine ecotone. These events included a strong winter storm in November 1996, Tropical Storm Harvey in September 1999, and Hurricane Irene in October 1999. Continuous hydrologic and daily water sample data were used to examine the effects of these events on the physical forcing and quality of water in Taylor Creek. A high resolution, flow-through sampling and mapping approach was used to...
Discrete Bids and Empirical Inference in Divisible Good Auctions

I examine a model of a uniform price auction of a perfectly divisible good with private informa tion in which the bidders submit discrete bidpoints rather than continuous downward sloping demand functions. 1 characterize necessary conditions for equilibrium bidding. The characterization reveals a close relationship between bidding in multiunit auctions and oligopolistic behaviour. I demonstrate that a recently proposed indirect approach to the revenue comparisons of discriminatory and uniform price auc tions is not valid if bid functions have steps. In particular, bidders may bid above their marginal valuation in a uniform price auction. In order to demonstrate that discrete bidding can have important consequences for empirical analysis I use my model to examine a data set consisting of individual bids in uniform price treasury auctions of the Czech government. I propose an alternative method for evaluating the perfor mance of the employed mechanism. My results suggest that the uniform price auction performs well, both in terms of efficiency of the allocation and in terms of revenue maximization. I estimate that the em ployed mechanism failed to extract at most 3 basis points in terms of the annual yield of T-bills worth of expected surplus while implementing an allocation resulting in almost all the efficient surplus. Failing to account for discreteness of bids would in my application result in overestimating the unextracted revenue by more than 50%.