cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Mechanisms Built in a Design Class to Test Methods for Decision Under Uncertainty

An approach for testing methods for decision-making under uncertainty has been proposed by the authors and their coworkers. The testing approach uses data for which the generating mechanism and probability distribution is unknown. The approach simulates a very large number of decisions and outcomes of uncertain events to test methods. The study presented in this paper follows the above approach to test methods for decision under uncertainty experimentally on a decision problem involving two decision makers, an inventor and a financier who want to develop and market a new device. Real-life data for simulating the outcomes of the project was collected using 133 slider-crank mechanisms that undergraduate students constructed. The mechanisms were constructed and measured to simulate the entire risky venture of developing and marketing a new device or product. The data obtained was used to simulate thousands of decisions of the inventor and the financier on a computer, using different methods for decision under uncertainty; standard probability, imprecise probability and Bayesian probability. These methods were then judged on the basis of the expected utilities that they produced when used by the two decision makers and also on their sensitivities to changes in the amount of available information or the risk attitudes of the decision makers. In general, the imprecise probability method was found insensitive to the changes in the problem parameters. Bayesian probability method, although sensitive to prior models of uncertainty, produced the highest utilities in general and it was also found insensitive to the information level of a decision maker, when a good prior was chosen.
5 AN IMITATOR OF GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME.

A 26-year-old previously healthy white male presented to the emergency department complaining of a 4-day history of bilateral arm pain that had progressed to weakness 24 hours prior to presentation. His physical examination at admission was unremarkable except for strength of 2/5 in bilateral upper extremities. He was admitted to the hospital and received EMG testing, which revealed a demyelinating-type polyneuropathy. CSF testing revealed an elevated CSF serum IgG index of 0.78. MRI of the brain and cervical spine and screening for heavy metals, porphyria, Lyme disease, West Nile virus, and other suspected etiologies, were unremarkable. It was believed that the patient had Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), and he was started on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) at 400 mg/kg daily for 5 days. He showed minimal improvement in his strength and was discharged home. During his workup, the patient had a chest radiograph showing bilateral hilar adenopathy. A CT scan of the chest confirmed that the patient had lymphadenopathy in the peritracheal, hilar, and subcarinal regions. A mediastinoscopy was conducted, successfully removing noncaseating granulomas. Although the patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis, it was still felt that the patient9s weakness was attributable to GBS. Steroid therapy was not initiated for sarcoidosis as it was felt to be potentially harmful in a patient with concomitant GBS. The patient returned to clinic 2 weeks later and complained of worsening muscle weakness and pleuritic chest pain. Examination revealed strength of 2/5 in bilateral upper extremities with muscle atrophy, decreased sensation, and absent reflexes. He was readmitted to the hospital and received another 3 days of IVIG therapy for presumed GBS. A repeat EMG again showed a demyelinating neuropathy, which was consistent with GBS. After the patient failed to improve, the diagnosis was reconsidered. Based on a tentative diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis, therapy with prednisone was initiated at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg daily. After the first dose, he was able to lift his arms above his head with minimal effort. His strength quickly returned to his baseline. He was kept on steroids and discharged home with a tapering regimen. Although only 5% of patients with sarcoidosis will experience neurologic involvement, nearly half of those patients will initially present with neurologic complaints. Although there have been case reports of GBS coexisting with neurosarcoidosis, these patients will respond to IVIG therapy. Our patient appeared to have true neurosarcoidosis as evidenced by his quick response to steroid therapy.
Bigeminal Rhythm and Cardiac Failure in Rheumatic Heart Disease

(1995). Bigeminal Rhythm and Cardiac Failure in Rheumatic Heart Disease. Hospital Practice: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 37-38.
Research Progress on Temperature Monitoring of GIS Bus

Temperature monitoring is an important method for electrical equipment fault diagnosis.It is very useful to monitor GIS bus temperature.This paper introduced the basic principle,research status at home and abroad of the main technique that used to monitor the bus temperature currently.Such as infrared radiation detection,infrared thermol diagnosis,analyzed the problem that need to make further research.At the present time,GIS bus temperature monitoring is in the research phase,related technology is needed to perfect complete.Moreover,some valuable issues for future exploration in this area are also summarized and prospected.
A trust region algorithm with a worst-case iteration complexity of $$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon ^{-3/2})$$O(∈-3/2) for nonconvex optimization

We propose a trust region algorithm for solving nonconvex smooth optimization problems. For any $$\overline{\epsilon }\in (0,\infty )$$∈¯?(0,?), the algorithm requires at most $$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon ^{-3/2})$$O(∈-3/2) iterations, function evaluations, and derivative evaluations to drive the norm of the gradient of the objective function below any $$\epsilon \in (0,\overline{\epsilon }]$$∈?(0,∈¯]. This improves upon the $$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon ^{-2})$$O(∈-2) bound known to hold for some other trust region algorithms and matches the $$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon ^{-3/2})$$O(∈-3/2) bound for the recently proposed Adaptive Regularisation framework using Cubics, also known as the arc algorithm. Our algorithm, entitled trace, follows a trust region framework, but employs modified step acceptance criteria and a novel trust region update mechanism that allow the algorithm to achieve such a worst-case global complexity bound. Importantly, we prove that our algorithm also attains global and fast local convergence guarantees under similar assumptions as for other trust region algorithms. We also prove a worst-case upper bound on the number of iterations, function evaluations, and derivative evaluations that the algorithm requires to obtain an approximate second-order stationary point.
The norse myth of Odin: digital art series on thought and memory

Art-making has always shared with archeology the challenge of digging for meaning. But, whereas the archeologist digs deeper and deeper to unearth the past, digital art adds layer upon layer, projecting images and ideas into the future. Art-making, like myth, taps into the archetypes we all share, reliving mental journeys via story-telling. As I create individual images, they flow, one into another in a process of free association, each image reacting to the previous in a running animation of changes, telling a visual story.
Osteoporosis: goals of therapy.

Since the loss of bone tissue in osteoporosis appears to be permanent, the goals of treatment are to control the progress of the disease and prevent complications, while providing symptomatic relief to the patient. Appropriate medical intervention can retard, and in some cases even halt, the process, particularly if the condition is diagnosed before it becomes severely advanced.
Testing the trait-based community framework: Do functional traits predict competitive outcomes?

Plant traits can be used to understand a range of ecological processes, including competition with invasive species. The extent to which native and invasive species are competing via limiting similarity or trait hierarchies has important implications for the management of invaded communities. We screened 47 native species that co-occur with Festuca perennis, a dominant invader in California serpentine grassland, for traits pertaining to resource use and acquisition. We then grew F. perennis with 10 species spanning a range of functional similarity in pairwise competition trials. Functionally similar species did not have a strong adverse effect on F. perennis performance as would be expected by limiting similarity theory. Phylogenetic relatedness, which may integrate a number of functional traits, was also a poor predictor of competitive outcome. Instead, species with high specific root length, low root-to-shoot biomass ratio, and low leaf nitrogen concentration were more effective at suppressing the growth of F. perennis. Our results suggest that fitness differences (i.e., trait hierarchies) may be more important than niche differences (i.e., limiting similarity) in structuring competitive outcomes in this system and may be a promising approach for the restoration of invaded systems.
Long-Term Followup After Exstrophy Closure: Late Improvement and Good Quality of Life

AbstractNow that we have observed the growth and development of 17 of our anatomically reconstructed exstrophy patients through 20 or more years of followup, we are convinced that reconstruction should be the preferred primary treatment. Most of these patients are healthy, attractive, well-educated adults and have achieved emotional maturity and stability, despite their many problems. Anatomical reconstruction also has considerable advantages over other current treatments for exstrophy that were not apparent initially.
Antisemitismo en Vasconcelos: antiamericanismo, nacionalismo y misticismo estético

El presente articulo analiza las construcciones antisemitas en el discurso de Jose Vasconcelos durante la decada de los treinta y principios de los cuarenta, principalmente en la revista Timon , publicacion que expresaba abiertamente simpatia por el nacionalsocialismo, que se publico durante algunos meses en 1940 y que Vasconcelos dirigio. Mi objetivo sera analizar como el antisemitismo se relaciona tanto con sus ideas nacionalistas como con sus nociones de raza y de que manera su atraccion por el nacionalsocialismo se podria explicar por la dimension estetica y romantica de su pensamiento politico. This article analyzes anti-Semitic constructions in the discourse of Jose Vasconcelos throughout the 1930s and into the early 1940s, focusing on the magazine Timon , which openly supported national socialism, and which was published for a few months in 1940, under the direction of Vasconcelos. My aim is to examine how anti-Semitism is linked both to Vasconcelos9s ideas about nationalism and race, and how the aesthetic and romantic dimensions of Vasconcelos9s political thought help to explain his attraction toward national socialism.
Investigation of low-contrast tumor detection in algorithm-enabled low-dose CBCT

Flat-panel-based X-ray cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) can provide images of high utility in medical applications such as image-guided surgery and radiotherapy by offering location and contrast information concerning the target and surrounding region. A potential issue in these applications of CBCT is the imaging dose involved because repeated scans are necessary in the image-guided procedures. We investigate algorithm-enabled low-dose CBCT imaging for potential applications to image-guided surgery and radiotherapy procedures, involving detection of low-contrast tumor structures from sparse-view CBCT. Results of our study suggest that images of quality comparable to that of the FDK-reference image can be reconstructed from data much less than full data currently used.
A comparison of evolutionary techniques for task-to-core scheduling algorithms with performance, energy, and temperature optimization

Performance, energy and temperature (PET) are closely related and must be considered holistically while addressing the balance between them. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) for finding Pareto optimal solutions are highly effective in generating solutions for task-to-core scheduling and voltage selection on individual cores. A solution set comprises of multiple points forming a vector or a front, not just scalar values. Evolutionary techniques such as Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA) and Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA), are superior optimization methods used in many scenarios. This paper utilizes these techniques in PET-based scheduling algorithms, describes an NSGA-based algorithm, and highlights the difference between the two approaches. By using a set of benchmarks, evaluation procedures, performance measures, the paper compares the two scheduling algorithms in evaluating trade-offs and determining which parameters affect the results. Extensive experimentation carried out in addressing the above issues facilitated the comparison of the two algorithms amongst themselves as well as with optimal solutions obtained through Integer Linear Programming.
Automated Structural Damage Detection Using One-Class Machine Learning

Data driven SHM methodologies take raw signals obtained from sensor networks, and process them to obtain features representative of the condition of the structure. New measurements are then compared with baselines to detect damage. Because damage-sensitive features also exhibit variation due to environmental and operational changes, these comparisons are not always straightforward and an automated, probabilistic approach is necessary, particularly for large-scale sensor networks. In this paper an automated novelty detection methodology based on one-class support vector machines (OCSVM) is proposed and tested on an instrumented experimental steel frame structure. OCSVMs are an advanced machine learning method which can classify new data points based only on data from one class. This enables training of a classifier for damage detection based only on information from a baseline structure. OCSVMs can suffer from over-fitting, a problem which is usually ameliorated by cross-validation. In the absence of any data from the damaged state cross-validation is not possible. In this paper the over-fitting problem is combated by the use of three different recently proposed parameter selection heuristics. These strategies are tested for various damage scenarios of the laboratory structure and the results compared.
Trends in the Surgical Treatment for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Survey of Members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.

Background: Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common compression neuropathy affecting the upper extremity. The aim of this study was to determine the preferred surgical treatment for cubit...
Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopic Study of the Potential Dependence of Germanene Growth on Au(111) at pH 9.0.

Germanene is a 2D material whose structure and properties are of great interest for integration with Si technology. Preparation of germanene experimentally remains a challenge because, unlike graphene, bulk germanene does not exist. Thus, germanene cannot be directly exfoliated and is mostly grown in ultrahigh vacuum. The present report uses electrodeposition in an aqueous HGeO3– solution at pH 9. Germanene deposition has been limited to 2–3 monolayers, thus greatly restricting many applicable characterization methods. The in situ technique of electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy was used to follow Ge deposition on Au(111) as a function of potential. Previous work by this group at pH 4.5 suggested germanene growth, but no buffer was used, resulting in change in surface pH. The addition of borate buffer to create pH 9.0 solution has reduced hydrogen formation and stabilized the surface pH, allowing systematic characterization of germanene growth versus potential. Initial germanene nucleated at def...
Digital video surveillance of natural enemy activity on Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) colonies infesting citrus in the southern California urban landscape

Abstract The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is a significant economic pest of citrus because it vectors a bacterium that causes the lethal citrus disease huanglongbing. From 2015 to 2016, digital video recorders were used to identify natural enemy species attacking sentinel immature D. citri colonies deployed monthly at three urban sites in southern California. Natural enemy activity during both daylight and nighttime hours was recorded. To examine the impact of ant-hemipteran mutualisms on biological control efficacy, we compared natural enemy interactions with D. citri colonies that were either fully exposed or protected from walking arthropods with a sticky barrier. Spiders (Aranae), syrphid larvae (Syrphidae), predatory mites (Phytoseiidae), green lacewing larvae (Chrysopidae), thrips (Thripidae), and the introduced parasitoid, Tamarixia radiata, were the dominant natural enemy groups visiting immature D. citri colonies over the course of the study. A significant proportion of syrphid and green lacewing larvae, and T. radiata visits to the sentinel colonies resulted in D. citri attacks. Spiders rarely attacked immature D. citri. Argentine ants, Linepithema humile, were the most common arthropod visiting D. citri colonies across all study sites and ants were active day and night. When ant access to D. citri colonies was restricted, natural enemy abundance and attack rates increased, particularly those by syrphids and T. radiata. This study highlights the importance of natural enemies and ant-psyllid interactions in the biological control of D. citri in urban citrus ecosystems. Therefore, conservation of natural enemies and ant control should be considered for the sustainable management of this pest-disease complex.
RSVP a temporal method for graphical authentication

We present a Rapid, Serial, Visual Presentation method (RSVP) for recognition-based graphical authentication. It presents a stream of rapid, degraded images, which makes the object recognition proc...
Millennial Generation Faculty: Why They Engage in Service Learning.

The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to examine the experiences, motivations, and perceptions of millennial generation faculty members who utilize service learning. Eight faculty members were interviewed, and the three themes evident in the findings were: (a) the role of the undergraduate experience, (b) an alignment with intrinsic motivations, and (c) the perception of organizational fit.
Recognizing the expatriate and transnational distance student: A preliminary demographic exploration in the Republic of Korea

Descriptions of distance students in the literature are robust. Yet when speaking about students outside of a national context, nuance is lost by the failure to identify the complexity in borderless higher education. The global student body is often too broadly categorized as “international” when in reality, this can be further refined to produce two additional classifications that more appropriately identify and describe a hitherto invisible phenomenon: the expatriate and transnational distance student. Utilizing respondent-driven sampling, student demographic and academic program data were collected using these two operational definitions. The resulting data suggests a potential profile for the expatriate/transnational distance student phenomenon as manifested in South Korea, along with broader demographic and program characteristics. As a nascent phenomenon and introductory inquiry, the research is limited in scope with the intention of a) establishing a taxonomy for the distance education community, b) a practical method for investigation, and c) avenues for further research such as student characteristics, motivation, attrition/retention, etc. Such insight would assist policy/guidelines for universities, their programs, and instructors.
Adversarial Attacks Against Medical Deep Learning Systems

The discovery of adversarial examples has raised concerns about the practical deployment of deep learning systems. In this paper, we demonstrate that adversarial examples are capable of manipulating deep learning systems across three clinical domains. For each of our representative medical deep learning classifiers, both white and black box attacks were highly successful. Our models are representative of the current state of the art in medical computer vision and, in some cases, directly reflect architectures already seeing deployment in real world clinical settings. In addition to the technical contribution of our paper, we synthesize a large body of knowledge about the healthcare system to argue that medicine may be uniquely susceptible to adversarial attacks, both in terms of monetary incentives and technical vulnerability. To this end, we outline the healthcare economy and the incentives it creates for fraud and provide concrete examples of how and why such attacks could be realistically carried out. We urge practitioners to be aware of current vulnerabilities when deploying deep learning systems in clinical settings, and encourage the machine learning community to further investigate the domain-specific characteristics of medical learning systems.
Psychiatric consultation requests by inpatient medical teams: an observational study.

We describe the way psychiatric issues are addressed by inpatient medical teams through analysis of discussions of patients with behavioral health concerns and examination of teams’ subsequent consultation practices. We observed morning rounds for nine inpatient medical teams for approximately month-long periods, for a total of 1941 observations. We compared discussions of patients admitted for behavioral health related medical conditions between those who did and did not receive a psychiatric consultation, developing categories to describe factors influencing consultation or other management. Out of 536 patients, 40 (7.5%) received a psychiatry consult. Evaluation of a known concern (i.e., substance use, affective disorder, or suicidal ideation) was the most common reason for referral (41.7%). Requests for medication review were second (30.6%). Thirty patients with concomitant behavioral and medical health issues did not receive a psychiatry consult. Cirrhosis with active substance use was the most common medical diagnosis (15), followed by alcohol withdrawal (9). Four primary themes emerged from our data: positive identification of behavioral health issues by physicians, medication management as a primary reason for referral, patient preference in physician decision-making, and poor management of substance abuse. Our results identify two potential areas where skills-building for inpatient physicians could have a positive impact: management of medication and of substance abuse management.
Comparative optimism in older adults' future health expectations.

Objectives Despite a common belief that health declines with age, many older adults remain optimistic about their future health. However, the longitudinal impact of personal and comparatively optimistic future health estimates (FHEs) is unclear. Method Among 408 older adults (Mage = 70.32 years), this study identified the prevalence, source, and two-year stability of comparatively optimistic FHEs; examined demographic, psychosocial, and health correlates of comparative FHEs; and assessed the role of comparative FHEs in predicting eight-year survival odds. Results Nearly half of participants were comparatively optimistic due to interpersonal pessimism more so than personal optimism. Regarding stability, comparative optimism declined over the two-year period. Being younger and having more perceived control, dispositional optimism, and recent positive emotions were associated with better FHEs for oneself and a similar other. Beyond effects of age, gender, relationship status, and dispositional optimism, optimistic personal FHEs predicted eight-year survival odds. Conclusions Findings have implications for predicting survival and advancing the conceptual understanding of comparative FHEs. Statement of contribution What is already known on the subject? Previous research has demonstrated that older adults tend to believe diminished health accompanies increasing age. Despite this notion, older adults remain comparatively optimistic about their health. What does this study add? The longitudinal results of the current study indicated that nearly half of participants were categorized as comparative optimists, primarily due to interpersonal pessimism. The current study demonstrated that there is little distinction between personal FHEs and those for a similar other in terms of demographic, psychosocial, and health correlates. The current study identified factors that predicted eight-year survival among older adults, such as being female, younger, in a committed relationship, and better personal FHEs.
Inferring 3-dimensional animal motions from a set of 1-dimensional multibeam returns

With the development of the FTV underwater multibeam sonar imaging system (Jaffe, 1995) and the more recent development of our combined optical and acoustical imaging system: OASIS (Jaffe, 1998), we now have the ability for both tracking and identifying animals (primarily zooplankton) in the sea. Past uses of the system have been mainly for abundance estimation, however, more recently we have become interested in attempting to infer the characteristics of animal behavior from the sonar returns. In the context of this problem, we sought to develop methods for processing the data which would be sensitive to extremely small motions of the animals, as it was suspected that the animals were mostly quiescent during some times of observation (daytime). As in most sonar systems, our system has much better range resolution that lateral or azimuth resolution. Tracking animals in three dimensions with this anisotropic resolution results in a coarser estimate of animal trajectory than desired. On the other hand, under the assumption of an isotropic distribution of animal motions the three dimensional probability density function for animal displacements: pdf3d(Δr′) should be derivable from a measurement of the one dimensional probability density function pdf1 d(Δρ) which measures displacements only in range. Since the one dimensional probability density function can be estimated from the measured variations in animal range with higher resolution than azimuth, using the methodology developed in this paper, one can obtain a higher accuracy version of the 3-dimensional pdf by using only the range information. Here, the methodology of the transformation is presented.
The Inequality of Sport: Women < Men

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper. It has been 30 years since Title IX legislation granted women equal playing time, but the male-dominated world of sports journalism has yet to catch up with the law. Coverage of women's sports lags far behind men's and focuses on female athletes' femininity and sexuality over their achievements on the court and field. While female athleticism challenges gender norms, women athletes continue to be depicted in traditional roles that reaffirm their femininity as wives and mothers or sex objects. By comparison, male athletes are framed according to heroic masculine ideals that honor courage, strength, and endurance. (Playing Unfair, 2002) This article is available in The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/ur/vol13/iss1/5 The Inequality of Sport: Women < Men
Surface Fluctuation Analysis for Turbulent Liquid Sheets

AbstractA lattice consisting of arrays of stationary turbulent liquid sheets has been proposed for the HYLIFE-II inertial fusion energy reactor design to allow target injection and driver-beam prop...
3.01 – Introduction: The Gastrointestinal Tract

Clinically, whether through accidental ingestion of toxicants or purposeful ingestion of pharmaceutical drugs, the primary route of exposure to chemicals is through oral ingestion. Entirely enclosed within the body, the gastrointestinal tract is a highly specialized tube passing through the body from the mouth to the anus. With a surface area in excess of 1000 m2, the gastrointestinal tract is the largest organ system and provides a unique interface between the external environment and the interior of the body. It is the main portal for entry of drugs, chemicals, compounds in food and water, and also for inhaled particles that are swept up and out of the airways into the pharynx by cilia, and swallowed. Despite its large surface area for absorption of nutrients, the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract present multiple passive and selective barriers that impair the entry of toxicants.
Searching for modular companions

In this note, we report on the results of a computer search performed to find possible modular companions to certain $q$-series identities and conjectures. For the search, we use conditions arising from the asymptotics of Nahm sums. We focus on two sets of identities: Capparelli's identities, and certain partition conjectures made by the author jointly with Matthew C. Russell.
Vaginal Glycogen, Not Estradiol, Is Associated With Vaginal Bacterial Community Composition in Black Adolescent Women

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize the composition of vaginal bacterial communities in a cohort of black adolescent women and to determine how the species composition of these communities correlates with levels of estradiol, glycogen, and stress. Methods Twenty-one black adolescent women were sampled longitudinally. The composition of their vaginal communities was determined by analyzing the sequences of the V1–V3 regions of 16S rRNA genes, and they were grouped based on patterns in species abundances. The relationships between estradiol, glycogen, psychosocial stress, and the composition of these communities were assessed. Results Vaginal communities could be distinguished and classified into three groups that differed in the abundances of Lactobacillus. Eighty-one percent of study participants had communities dominated by species of Lactobacillus. Glycogen levels were higher in communities dominated by one or multiple species of Lactobacillus compared with those having low proportions of Lactobacillus. Estradiol and psychosocial stress measurements did not differ among the three groups, whereas estradiol and glycogen exhibited a weak positive relationship that was not statistically significant. Conclusions The findings of this pilot study suggest that glycogen levels are associated with vaginal community composition in young black women; however, estradiol and psychosocial stress are not. In addition, the results suggest there is no simple relationship between levels of estradiol and the production of vaginal glycogen.
Macular Ganglion Cell and Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness Is More Strongly Associated With Visual Function in Multiple Sclerosis Than Bruch Membrane Opening-Minimum Rim Width or Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thicknesses.

Background:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses are associated with visual function (VF) and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the value of measuring Bruch membra
Verkehrssicherungspflichten und Wohnungseigentum: Ausgewählte Rechtsfragen

Verkehrssicherungspflichten in Wohngebauden sind insb wegen der ONORM B 1300 und deren uberarbeiteter Fassung zu einem aktuellen Untersuchungsgegenstand geworden. Dieser Beitrag beschaftigt sich mit ausgewahlten Rechtsfragen im Zusammenhang mit Verkehrssicherungspflichten und WE: Einerseits wird der Sonderfall der Verkehrssicherungspflichten in Mischhausern untersucht, also jenen Hausern, an denen nicht an allen WE-tauglichen Objekten WE begrundet wurde. Andererseits sind Gegenstand des Beitrages die Verkehrssicherungspflichten in der „Entstehungsphase“, also wahrend der erstmaligen Errichtung, von WE-Anlagen. Zu guter Letzt wird auf die Frage eingegangen, wer die notwendigen Hilfsmittel fur die Wahrnehmung der Verkehrssicherungspflichten bei deren Ubertragung zur Verfugung stellen muss. Grundlage dieses Beitrages ist der von der Autorin beim Innsbrucker Wohnrechtlichen Dialog abgehaltene Vortrag vom 5.11.2018.
A comparison of denoising pipelines in high temporal resolution task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging data.

It has been known for decades that head motion/other artifacts affect the blood oxygen level-dependent signal. Recent recommendations predominantly focus on denoising resting state data, which may not apply to task data due to the different statistical relationships that exist between signal and noise sources. Several blind-source denoising strategies (FIX and AROMA) and more standard motion parameter (MP) regression (0, 12, or 24 parameters) analyses were therefore compared across four sets of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (erfMRI) and block-design (bdfMRI) datasets collected with multiband 32- (repetition time [TR] = 460 ms) or older 12-channel (TR = 2,000 ms) head coils. The amount of motion varied across coil designs and task types. Quality control plots indicated small to moderate relationships between head motion estimates and percent signal change in both signal and noise regions. Blind-source denoising strategies eliminated signal as well as noise relative to MP24 regression; however, the undesired effects on signal depended both on algorithm (FIX > AROMA) and design (bdfMRI > erfMRI). Moreover, in contrast to previous results, there were minimal differences between MP12/24 and MP0 pipelines in both erfMRI and bdfMRI designs. MP12/24 pipelines were detrimental for a task with both longer block length (30 ± 5 s) and higher correlations between head MPs and design matrix. In summary, current results suggest that there does not appear to be a single denoising approach that is appropriate for all fMRI designs. However, even nonaggressive blind-source denoising approaches appear to remove signal as well as noise from task-related data at individual subject and group levels.
Classification of nonlocal actions: Area versus volume entanglement entropy

From the partition function for two classes of classically non-local actions containing the fractional Laplacian, we show that as long as there exists a suitable (non-local) Hilbert-space transform the underlying action can be mapped onto a purely local theory. In all such cases the partition function is equivalent to that of a local theory and an area law for the entanglement entropy obtains. When such a reduction fails, the entanglement entropy deviates strongly from an area law and can in some cases scale as the volume. As these two criteria are coincident, we conjecture that they are equivalent and provide the ultimate test for locality of Gaussian theories rather than a simple inspection of the explicit operator content.
Poster: Using Commodity WiFi Devices For Object Sensing And Imaging

Object identification and imaging play an important role in many real-life applications such as robotics, automated vehicle networks and search and rescue operations in the aftermath of natural disasters. Existing traditional imaging systems require installing custom-built hardware and dedicated infrastructure which are expensive and not scalable. Also, they are not occlusion immune. With the pervasive and wide availability of WiFi infrastructure, in this project, we explore the possibility of seeing the world through the low-priced commodity WiFi devices by exploiting multipath reflections. WiFi-based solutions are promising due to their ubiquity and low cost. And unlike optical and infrared signals, WiFi can “see-through” walls, clothes and fabrics. We prototyped a $ 6 \times 6 -$antenna planar array using commodity Intel NUCs and used 4 different objects for creating an image using a 2D Fourier transform. Our initial results using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware show promising results in the Line of Sight (LOS) environment.
The Role of Helium on Ejecta Production in Copper.

The effect of helium (He) concentration on ejecta production in OFHC-Copper was investigated using Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability (RMI) experiments. The experiments involved complex samples with periodic surface perturbations machined onto the surface. Each of the four target was implanted with a unique helium concentration that varied from 0 to 4000 appm. The perturbation’s wavelengths were λ ≈ 65 μ m, and their amplitudes h 0 were varied to determine the wavenumber ( 2 π / λ ) amplitude product k h 0 at which ejecta production beganfor Cu with and without He. The velocity and mass of the ejecta produced was quantified using Photon Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) and Lithium-Niobate (LN) pins, respectively. Our results show that there was an increase of 30% in the velocity at which the ejecta cloud was traveling in Copper with 4000 appm as compared to its unimplanted counterpart. Our work also shows that there was a finer cloud of ejecta particles that was not detected by the PDV probes but was detected by the early arrival of a “signal” at the LN pins. While the LN pins were not able to successfully quantify the mass produced due to it being in the solid state, they did provide information on timing. Our results show that ejecta was produced for a longer time in the 4000 appm copper.
Correction: Photorelease of a metal-binding pharmacophore from a Ru(II) polypyridine complex.

Correction for ‘Photorelease of a metal-binding pharmacophore from a Ru(II) polypyridine complex’ by Johannes Karges et al., Dalton Trans., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D0DT04290K.
New NBA Plan Could Be Path Away from Backdoor Deals

The National Basketball Association recently announced that beginning next year, a group of select players will be able to bypass college and enter the NBA’s developmental league (the “G League”). This program has been created in response to years of litigation and debate over the “one-and-done” rule that has been in place in college basketball since 2005, the last year that high school athletes were eligible for the NBA draft.
Gonadotropin Surge-Induced Expression of Progesterone Receptor Serves the Ovary as a Trigger of Ovulation and a Terminator of Ovulatory Inflammation

Ovulation is triggered by the gonadotropin surge that induces the expression of two key genes, progesterone receptor (Pgr) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) in the granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. Their gene products PGR and PTGS2 activate two separate pathways that are both essential for successful ovulation. Here we show that the PGR plays an additional essential role; attenuate ovulatory inflammation by ending the gonadotropin surge-induced Ptgs2 expression. PGR indirectly terminates Ptgs2expression by inhibiting the NF-κB, a transcription factor required for Ptgs2 expression. When the expression of PGR was ablated in the granulosa cells, the ovary undergoes hyperinflammatory condition manifested by excessive PGE2 synthesis, immune cell infiltration, and oxidative damage. Despite the ovary undergoes ovulations dozens or hundreds of times in one’s lifetime, the repetitive ovulatory inflammations do not leave significant tissue damage in the ovary. The PGR-driven termination of PTGS2 expression may protect ovary from the ovulatory inflammation.
Screencasts as a way to enhance online learning environments in nursing

Abstract Screencasts can easily enhance online learning environments in nursing education yet they may be an underutilized technology due to educator unfamiliarity. This article describes screencasts, outlines benefits, challenges, and potential uses, as well as provides steps in creating an original screencast to help nursing instructors use this technology and achieve desired outcomes.
Association Between Gabapentinoids and Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Patients Undergoing Thoracic Surgery.

Objective Perioperative gabapentinoids in general surgery have been associated with an increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), while resulting in equivocal pain relief. This study's aim was to examine the utilization of gabapentinoids in thoracic surgery to determine the association of gabapentinoids with PPCs and perioperative opioid utilization. Design A multicenter retrospective cohort study. Setting Hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database from 2012 to 2018. Participants A total of 70,336 patients undergoing elective open thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracic surgery, and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery. Interventions Propensity score analyses were used to assess the association between gabapentinoids on day of surgery and the primary composite outcome of PPCs, defined as respiratory failure, pneumonia, reintubation, pulmonary edema, and noninvasive and invasive ventilation. Secondary outcomes included invasive and noninvasive ventilation, hospital mortality, length of stay, opioid consumption on day of surgery, and average daily opioid consumption after day of surgery. Results Overall, 8,142 (12%) patients received gabapentinoids. The prevalence of gabapentin on day of surgery increased from 3.8% in 2012 to 15.9% in 2018. Use of gabapentinoids on day of surgery was associated with greater odds of PPCs (odds ratio [OR] 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.28), noninvasive mechanical ventilation (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.16-1.45), and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.28). Secondary outcomes indicated no clinically meaningful associations of gabapentinoid use with opioid consumption, hospital mortality, or length of stay. Conclusions Perioperative gabapentinoid administration in elective thoracic surgery may be associated with a higher risk of PPCs and no opioid-sparing effect.
Factors Contributing to Fatigue Cracking in Flexible Pavements in Oklahoma: A Case Study Using Laboratory and Field Investigation and AASHTOWare Simulation

Fatigue cracking is one of the major structural distresses in flexible pavements. In this study, probable causes of fatigue cracking were investigated using field and laboratory testing and In this study, probable causes of fatigue cracking were investigated using field ang laboratory testing and AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design (PMED) simulations. Field tests including Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), and Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) were performed on a flexible pavement section of US 412 located in Noble County, Oklahoma. Also, asphalt cores and soil samples were collected for laboratory testing. The GPR test results revealed significant delamination in the asphalt layer. Also, the GPR images indicated that the disturbance zone was confined within the asphalt layer and cracks were generated from surface as well as from existing pavement layers below. The DCP and FWD test results indicated that the pavement section was not structurally adequate to support traffic and needed rehabilitation in the near future. The moduli of the asphalt layers were found to be quite low, indicating improper compaction during construction. Also, the densities of the top-lifts of the asphalt cores were found to be low. Moreover, the cracking resistance of the extracted asphalt cores was poor based on the Illinois flexibility index test results. Superpave Performance Grade of the extracted binder indicated excessive aging of the binder because of long exposure to the environment. The brittleness of mix resulting from aging was considered a potential contributor to fatigue cracking of the pavement at this site. A parametric study was conducted to understand the variation of fatigue cracking with the changes in input properties in PMED, namely pavement structural components and material properties. Pavement thickness, roadway densities, and layer moduli of existing underlying pavement were found as the most influential factors. The findings of the parametric study supported the findings of the field and laboratory investigation.
Pearls for the Small Bowel and Colon That Will Not Reach

Reestablishment of gastrointestinal continuity is a technically challenging but rewarding part of abdominal surgery. During reconstruction, surgeons may face a stressful situation in which the small bowel or colon “just does not reach,” either to the distal end for an anastomosis, or to the skin, to construct a stoma. With a detailed understanding of key embryologic planes and vascular anatomy, the techniques illustrated in this chapter can be used to allow construction of a safe anastomosis or stoma in almost all circumstances.
Genetic and Biochemical analysis of arabidopsis SPY

The arabidopsis SPY protein is a negative regulator of gibberellin signal transduction and based on protein sequence similarity it is hypothesized to be a O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). Proteins from spy mutants were found to exhibit allele specific alterations in the pattern of GlcNAc modification. Insect cell expressed SPY is GlcNAc modified and preliminary activity assays indicated that this protein has OGT activity.
Speculative evaluation in particle swarm optimization

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) has previously been parallelized only by adding more particles to the swarm or by parallelizing the evaluation of the objective function. However, some functions are more efficiently optimized with more iterations and fewer particles. Accordingly, we take inspiration from speculative execution performed in modern processors and propose speculative evaluation in PSO (SEPSO). Future positions of the particles are speculated and evaluated in parallel with current positions, performing two iterations of PSO at once. We also propose another way of making use of these speculative particles, keeping the best position found instead of the position that PSO actually would have taken.We show that for a number of functions, speculative evaluation gives dramatic improvements over adding additional particles to the swarm.
The Hopf Fibrations are Characterized by Being Fiberwise Homogeneous

The Hopf fibrations of S2n+1 by great circles, S4n+3 by great 3-spheres, and S15 by great 7-spheres are the prototypical examples of fibrations of spheres by subspheres, and have a number of features that make them attractive. For example, they have parallel fibers, and what's more, they are the only fibrations of spheres by subspheres which have this property. They also have a great deal of symmetry. They are fiberwise homogeneous: for any two fibers, there is an isometry of the total space taking the first given fiber to the second, and preserving fibers. The main result of this dissertation is that the Hopf fibrations are characterized by this property among all fibrations of round spheres by subspheres. That is, they deserve to be promoted to our attention for being so symmetric. We develop an intuition for the property of fiberwise homogeneity by classifying all the fibrations of Euclidean and Hyperbolic 3-space by geodesics having this feature. They are analogues of the Hopf fibration of the 3-sphere by great circles. We also find new nonstandard examples of fiberwise homogeneous fibrations of the Clifford Torus S3 A? S3 in the 7-sphere by great 3-spheres which are not restrictions of the Hopf fibration. Finally, we prove a local version of our main result: that open sets in the 3-sphere which are fibered by great circles and are locally fiberwise homogeneous are subsets of the Hopf fibration.