cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Optimization Algorithm for User-Defined Modeling of Power System Analysis Software Package

In allusion to insufficiencies in existing user-defined modeling function of power system analysis software package(PSASP) such as expedience,flexibility,calculation accuracy and simulation efficiency,the optimization and upgrading of the user-defined modeling function were performed to further meet the requirements of PSASP users in simulation analysis of large-scale power grid.Two optimization measures were provided: one of which was the adoption of a kind of topological structure sorting algorithm,namely the Kosaraju algorithm,to form reasonable computation sequence,and the another one was leading in user-defined temporary variables.The improvement of simulation efficiency and calculation accuracy by the proposed optimization measures was verified by an electromechanical example of a 36-bus system in PSASP and a small signal stability example of 36-bus system in PSASP respectively.
Perceived educational needs of innovative Ohio Sawmill operators

This research was conducted as a descriptive correlational study that used survey research methods. An expert panel identified 32 Ohio sawmill operators who possessed characteristics of innovative individuals. A valid and reliable instrument was administered to the operators to determine their perceived educational needs In 67 job-related competencies encompassing 6 subject matter areas. Results indicated that the typical innovative operator was male, 45 to 54 years old, had a tenure of 20 to 29 years, had some college education, annually produced 5 to 6.9 million board feet of lumber, generated an annual income of $3 million to $4.9 million, and had strong aspirations to seek new information.
Aggregating the Biological, Psychological, and Sociological

Readers come to the fourth section prepared by prerequisite knowledge, both concerning Murray’s findings and life history theory. Serving as the central chapter, a subsection is devoted to each major variable studied by Murray: (1) education and intelligence; (2) community and religiosity; (3) industry and honesty; (4) marriage and parental investment. Each of these four sections open with a review of Murray’s data, which is followed by relevant biological explanations culled from the life history literature. The fifth and final section then emphasizes the unity among all the variables studied in the first four sections; unity only comprehensible within a life history framework.
Magnetic particles assisted capture and release of rare circulating tumor cells using wavy-herringbone structured microfluidic devices.

A wavy-herringbone (wavy-HB) structured microfluidic device was used to effectively and selectively capture and release circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by using immunoaffinity and magnetic force. This device was designed to create passive turbulence and increase the possibility of tumor cells colliding with the device wall. Under an external magnetic field, magnetic particles (MPs) coated with anti-EpCAM against a tumor cell surface protein (EpCAM) were immobilized over the wavy-HB surface to capture tumor cells. After removing the magnetic field, the captured cells with surplus MPs were released from the device and collected; thus, these cells could be re-cultured for further analysis. Under optimized conditions, the capture efficiency of the tumor cells can be as high as 92% ± 2.8%. Capture experiments were also performed on whole blood samples, and the capture efficiency was in a high range of 81–95%, at different tumor cell concentrations. Such a method can potentially be used for CTC sorting from patient blood samples, CTC concentration monitoring, therapeutic guidance and drug dosage choice, and further study of tumors, such as drug screening and tumor mutations.
Notas. El ballet clásico como intertexto en La casa de la laguna de Rosario Ferré

En La casa de la laguna , los intertextos del ballet clasico cumplen una funcion principal en la articulacion de un discurso que visibiliza e impugna la posicion subordinada de la mujer y la represion de la sexualidad femenina. En los capitulos “La Escuela de Ballet Kerenski” y “El pajaro de fuego”, Rosario Ferre entabla un dialogo intertextual con Giselle , El lago de los cisnes y El pajaro de fuego , que, ademas de subvertir los roles del genero y los paradigmas femeninos configurados en los libretos y la performance tradicional de esos ballets, proporciona modelos alternativos de conducta que empoderan a la mujer y escenifican la posibilidad de resistir la represion social y sexual en el escenario puertorriqueno reconstruido en esa novela.
A multi-slot printed antenna excited with a microstrip line for 4G wireless systems

A microstrip line-fed multi-slot antenna design is presented in this paper for operation in the 4G/LTE band. The slot antenna is comprised of three wide slot sections: one vertical slot, one horizontal slot, and a circular slot joining them. All three slots are excited with a transmission line, which generates multiple modes. These modes are combined to obtain a large bandwidth for covering most of the 4G/LTE band. Dual slots are excited with two feeds for polarization diversity. The radiation patterns are provided showing this behavior of the antenna. The slots are placed in the upper portion of a grounded dielectric substrate, leaving a large area available for electronic circuitry and other functions, such as, display, speakers, camera, etc., in modern smartphones.
Not Just Another Aspiration Pneumonia: Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy

Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare genetic myopathy of adulthood onset which presents as late-onset ptosis, dysphagia and family history of ptosis and dysphagia. It occurs due to the poly(A) binding nuclear protein 1 (PABPN1) gene mutation. A 75-year-old male presented with complaints of fever, cough and worsening dysphagia. His father and paternal grandfather both had a history of ptosis and dysphagia. He was febrile, tachypneic and bilateral ptosis was noticed. The chest CT revealed consolidation. A modified barium swallow showed frank tracheal aspiration. An acetylcholine receptor antibody test was negative. An electromyogram and nerve conduction study revealed a generalized myopathic process with the absence of myotonia. With a history of adult-onset bilateral ptosis and progressive dysphagia along with the positive family history of ptosis and dysphagia, there was a strong suspicion for OPMD. Genetic testing was performed, which was positive as it detected GCG expansion in the PABPN1 gene, which is associated with OPMD and thus the diagnosis of OPMD was established. Malnutrition and recurrent aspiration are potential and harmful complications that reduce the life expectancy of these patients. J Med Cases. 2017;8(12):378-380 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc2928w
Medications for addiction treatment (MAT).

Dear Editor,I’m writing to highlight a concern about the use of the acronym “MAT” representing “medication–assisted treatment” in reference to the use of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-appro...
A Basic Clinical Skills Tutorial for First-Year Psychiatric Residents

The basic clinical skills of psychiatric residents beginning work in the general hospital need systematic evaluation. Because of the heterogeneity of previous training and experience each new resident should be required to demonstrate by his performance that he has acquired a basic level of skills in interviewing and evaluating a psychiatric patient and in recording that evaluation. A basic clinical skills tutorial program is described that pursues educational objectives that have specific terminal behaviors, evaluation techniques, and educational strategies. The authors’ experience with the tutorial is discussed including problems encountered in implementation and plans for modification. The tutorial is viewed as preparing residents for the more complex tasks of assessment, treatment planning and implementation, and evaluation of treatment—tasks requiring higher orders of clinical judgment.
Etching Silicon Dioxide for CNT Field Emission Device

Carbon nanotube (CNT) based electron field emission devices may have an advantage over metal Spindt tip style designs due to the ability to create a highly localized electric field at the extremely small diameter tip of the CNT. The primary objective for this work is to create a robust micro structure to support low voltage field emission from the CNTs in a gated device. This paper will discuss the micro fabrication techniques used to etch 2–4 μm thick thermal oxide layers on silicon substrates. A chrome layer is deposited by electron beam evaporation to make the gate layer of the triode device and act as an etch mask. The metal layer is then coated with photoresist, patterned with hole openings ranging from 8 to 12 μm in diameter and wet etched in acid through to the SiO2 layer. Different dry etch chemistries combined with wet etching are used to study the effect on the SiO2 sidewall. The shape and slope of the SiO2 sidewall and gate opening play a vital role in fabricating a robust triode device that doesn’t easily short out when the CNTs are grown later in the process.
Sweet Cherry Cultivar Trial

Water was applied via a low pressure spray system over the diameter of the root zone as needed. Urea was applied at the rate of 0.1 lb actual N per inch of trunk diameter per tree per year where trunk diameter is determined by the average of all trunk diameters measured 12 in. above the soil surface. Due to the leach potential on the coarse sandy soil, fertilizer was applied in three equal applications over six weeks.
Nonlinear viscoelasticity of a dilute suspension of Brownian spheroids in oscillatory shear flow

The nonlinear viscoelasticity of a dilute suspension of Brownian spheroids subject to an oscillatory shear deformation is calculated numerically. This is achieved by determining the suspension microstructure, parameterized via the orientation distribution function. Specifically, the long-time periodic orientation distribution function is obtained via a numerical solution to the Fokker–Planck equation by combining a finite-difference approximation in space with a Fourier series in time. From an ensemble average of the particle stresslet, weighted by the orientation distribution function, the entire stress tensor and relevant birefringence parameters, namely, the average orientation angle and linear dichroism, are calculated; this is done over a range of the Weissenberg number ( W i) and the Deborah number ( D e), or dimensionless strain-rate amplitude and oscillation frequency, respectively. Detailed calculations are presented for prolate spheroids of aspect ratio r = 20; however, our methodology is general and can be applied to spheroids of arbitrary aspect ratio. We provide results in four viscoelastic regimes: linear viscoelastic ( W i ≪ 1), quasilinear viscoelastic ( W i > 1 and W i / D e ≪ 1), quasisteady viscoelastic ( D e → 0), and finally, the nonlinear viscoelastic regime ( W i ≳ 1 and W i / D e ≳ 1), which is our main emphasis. In this last regime, where the nonlinear and unsteady viscoelasticity of the material is probed, multiple overshoots are observed in the shear stress and first normal stress difference. The mechanistic origin of these overshoots can be understood from the periodic orientation dynamics (i.e., Jeffery orbits) of a particle under steady shear in the absence of Brownian rotation ( W i → ∞). This is achieved by simultaneously analyzing the microstructure, shear stress, first normal stress difference, and birefringence parameters specifically at W i = 20 and D e = 1. For these values of W i , D e, and r, the period of a Jeffery orbit is comparable to the period of an oscillation cycle, allowing sufficient time for a single Jeffery orbit (and subsequent overshoot) to occur during an oscillation cycle. We contrast this behavior to recent work by Khair [J. Fluid. Mech. 791, R5 (2016)] on nearly spherical particles, for which many more overshoots are observed during an oscillation cycle, due to the shorter period of the Jeffery orbit. We briefly provide results for oblate spheroids of aspect ratio r = 0.05 and compare to the results for r = 20. Finally, we comment on the relevance of the present micro-mechanical analysis to the nonlinear viscoelasticity of other complex fluid materials.
WILDFIRES AT THE EDGES OF SCIENCE: Horizoning Work amid Runaway Change

Ecosystem changes are happening with surprising speed and on much shorter-than-projected time scales. This essay explores the complexities of such abrupt environmental shifts, how scientists conceptualize a runaway nature, and how uncertainty poses a problem of projection and action. Its ethnographic material engages contexts where rapidly faltering projections and policies interface in unsettled ways with the realities of emergency response, especially to wildfires. Attuned to the political and existential hazards at work in a science of critical transitions, the essay argues for the importance of a distinct kind of intellectual and ethical labor, horizoning work, amid physical worlds on edge.
Sensor management

Sensors are deployed in a sensor network for the purpose of providing data about environmental phenomena to the sink node(s). As not all sensors may be able to transmit their data directly to the sink(s), sensors must also route other sensors' data. Therefore, sensors must assume roles of both data provider and router. However, there are often many more sensors in the network than are needed at a given time to accomplish these tasks. Sensor management is needed to assign roles to each sensor, so that nodes that are not needed at a given time can enter a sleep state to save energy until they are needed, thereby extending network lifetime. The area of sensor management, as defined here, includes topology control--choosing which nodes should be routers to ensure a connected network--and sensing mode selection--choosing which nodes should sense data to meet application requirements (application QoS). It is possible to maximize network lifetime by finding optimal schedules of when each node should perform each function. However, these optimizations are computationally intensive, require global knowledge, and are not robust to changes in network topology. Therefore, there is a need for distributed, robust, and computationally efficient sensor management protocols that extend network lifetime while ensuring that application goals are met. In this chapter, protocols for both topology control and sensing mode selection are described and a qualitative comparison of these protocols is given.
Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Attitudes Toward Research Scale in a Graduate Student Sample

Graduate training in psychology emphasizes a student's ability to understand research design and methodology, as well as to generate research that contributes to the profession. The Attitudes Towar...
Self-Reported Extragenital Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Testing in the Past 12 Months Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States-American Men's Internet Survey, 2017.

Background Current guidelines recommend that sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) be screened at least annually for bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at sites of sexual contact regardless of condom use. Extragenital (rectal and pharyngeal) STI are common in MSM and associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus. We describe the prevalence of MSM who reported any STI test and an extragenital STI test in the past 12 months (p12m) in the United States. Methods Data were obtained from the 2017 American Men's Internet Survey, an annual cross-sectional behavioral internet survey of MSM in the United States. We examined the prevalence of MSM who reported any STI test and an extragenital STI test in the p12m and compared the prevalence across demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Results Of 10,049 sexually active MSM who participated in American Men's Internet Survey 2017, 42% reported any STI test in the p12m and 16% reported an extragenital (rectal or pharyngeal) STI test in the p12m. Among those who reported getting an extragenital STI test in the p12m, 19% reported providing a throat swab only, 14% reported providing a rectal swab only, and 68% reported providing both a rectal and throat swab for STI testing. Conclusions In a large sample of internet-using MSM in the United States, levels of STI screening were suboptimal, with fewer than half (42%) of MSM reporting any STI test and even fewer reporting an extragenital STI test in the p12m. Increased efforts are needed to ensure annual STI screening guidelines among MSM are implemented.
Preconception Counseling for Women With Diabetes.

“Quality Improvement Success Stories” are published by the American Diabetes Association in collaboration with the American College of Physicians, Inc., and the National Diabetes Education Program. This series is intended to highlight best practices and strategies from programs and clinics that have successfully improved the quality of care for people with diabetes or related conditions. Each article in the series is reviewed and follows a standard format developed by the editors of Clinical Diabetes. The following article describes the efforts of a U.S. Airforce diabetes specialty clinic to improve the delivery of preconception counseling to women with diabetes who are of childbearing potential.
Reactor Antineutrino Oscillations at Super-Kamiokande

Abstract SuperKamiokande (SK) doped with gadolinium has the capability to efficiently identify electron-antineutrinos through inverse beta-decay. Given the size of SK and the number of nuclear reactors in its vicinity, we argue that SK can observe the oscillations of reactor antineutrinos driven by the so-called solar mass-squared difference Δ m 21 2 . After only one year of data taking, we estimate that SK can measure Δ m 21 2 with enough precision to help inform the current small tension between existing results from KamLAND and solar neutrino experiments.
Gleaning White-Tailed Deer

One person’s trash is another person’s treasure. The same could be said about how each of us perceives road-killed animals. Gleaning White-Tailed Deer delves into the practice of gathering road-kill off the rural back roads and highways of southern Indiana as food. In James Farmer’s detailing of his opportunistic venison harvests, he discusses the history and rise and fall of the white-tailed deer population, as its current abundance lends well to the modern-day gatherer’s list of menu items. Farmer examines how gleaning road-kill fits into food security conversation, within the scope of leisure behavior, and ultimately a connection to the land.
Atmospheric effects on propagation

The potential benefits to be derived from the use of radiation at frequencies near 300GHz for ranging and imaging have been apparent for many years but, in part because of nonavailability of convenient sources and detectors, until recently little quantitative research on the effects of the atmosphere upon such radiation has been conducted outside the Soviet Union. In the last few years, however, as potentially compact sources and viable detectors have come closer to realization the need for such quantitative research has become apparent. This paper describes a research program the objective of which is to both theoretically model and experimentally measure the effects of atmospheric turbulence and turbidity on waves at frequencies near 300GHz.
Abstract PO-069: SRMS correlated with immune infiltration and lung cancer: Allusion for COVID-19

Background: The non-receptor tyrosine kinase, SRMS (Src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristoylation sites) is a member of the BRK family kinases (BFKs) that represents an evolutionarily conserved relative of the Src family kinases (SFKs) and is shown to restrain autophagy in mammalian cells. Gene enrichment analyses using the Ingenuity Pathway analyses (IPA) of SRMS interacting partners predicted viral infection as a significantly increased cellular processes. However, the correlation between SRMS and prognosis in LUAD (lung adenocarcinoma) and LUSC (lung squamous cell carcinoma) or its impact on COVID-19 is understudied. Methods: We analyzed the expression levels of SRMS, and the correlation between SRMS and immune infiltration level in LUAD and LUSC was investigated using TIMER database. Open Target platform was used to analyze the association of SRMS with disease. In addition, we used GSE30589 databases to elucidate the changes of SRMS expression in vitro after SARS-CoV infection in Vero E6 and MA-104 cells. Results: SRMS was elevated in LUAD and LUSC compared to normal tissues. The expression of SRMS was negatively correlated with the level of immune infiltration of CD8+T cells in LUAD and LUSC. We found that the expression of SRMS increased in vitro after SARS-CoV infection in Vero E6 and MA-104 cells. Conclusion: SRMS expression increased significantly in LUAD and LUSC, and this elevated SRMS was negatively correlated with immune infiltration at tumors. SARS-CoV infection increased the SRMS expression. This suggests that patients with LUAD and LUSC may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 due to increased SRMS levels that inhibit autophagy and alter tumor microenvironment correlated with reduced immune infiltration, which in turn may worsen the prognoses of LUAD and LUSC patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Citation Format: Beesetti Swarna, Yong-Dong Wang, Malia B. Potts. SRMS correlated with immune infiltration and lung cancer: Allusion for COVID-19 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-069.
Concepts of Immune Therapy and Disease Management

Autoimmune inflammatory disorders are often marked by subacute development of new or worsening symptoms. These relapses reflect active inflammation and should be promptly recognized for early treatment and optimization of chronic immunomodulating or immunosuppressing therapies to avoid disability accumulation over time. Detection of subclinical activity using paraclinical testing also warrants a change in treatment and should be part of the monitoring approach of most disorders. Differentiating pseudorelapses or fluctuating symptoms from true relapses is important for appropriate management. Depending on the disease, oral or intravenous corticosteroids at low or high dosages, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis can be used to halt the inflammatory process and increase the chances of tissue recovery. Optimal symptom management is essential to improve functional outcomes and to complement the beneficial effect of long-term maintenance therapies. Management is limited by the lack of evidence-based guidelines for the monitoring and treatment of most disorders, with the exception of multiple sclerosis. Because of the difficulty to perform randomized controlled trials in autoimmune neurology, future work should aim at increasing knowledge from real-world cohorts and optimizing monitoring tools of disease activity.
Incidental radiologic findings in breast cancer patients who undergo staging prior to neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy

NCCN guidelines discourage the use of staging imaging for newly diagnosed patients with early breast cancer (BC). When performed, incidental radiologic findings of uncertain significance are often encountered. The purpose of this study was to compare incidental findings seen on staging imaging with distant recurrence in patients undergoing neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). 396 patients with BC who had NAC from 2008 to 2016 were identified from a prospectively maintained data base. Staging imaging was reviewed. Of 396 patients with BC treated with NAC, patients with a positive PET/CT for metastatic disease (n = 36, 9.1%), those that did not undergo staging imaging (n = 49, 12.4%), or those that did not have a reported incidental finding (n = 49, 12.4%) were excluded from analysis. Of the 262 patients who met criteria, mean age was 50 years (range: 26-88). 201 (76.7%) patients had stage I-II cancer, and 61 (23.3%) patients had stage III cancer. Overall, 146 (55.7%) patients had an incidental finding on imaging. 90 (34.4%) patients had one finding, 42 (16.0%) patients had two, and 14 (5.3%) patients had three or more findings. The majority of incidental findings were seen in the ovary/uterus (29.7%), followed by lung (18.4%), liver (10.3%), and bone (9.0%). 5 (3.4%) patients had additional imaging performed. At mean follow-up of 3.7 years (range: 0.7-10.8), 43 (15.6%) patients had a distant recurrence. Of these patients, only 5 (1.9%) patients had distant metastasis in the same organ that was initially thought to be an incidental finding. Our results suggest that breast cancer patients with incidental findings on preoperative staging imaging are unlikely to be indicative of sites for future metastasis.
The effect of oxygen on 14CO2 fixation in mesophyll cells isolated from Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. leaves.

Abstract Mesophyll cells were isolated from fully-expanded leaves of Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. by a combined maceration-filtration technique. In the presence of pyruvate, photosynthetic 14CO2 uptake in the isolated cells was not inhibited by atomospheric levels of oxygen. In contrast, superatmospheric levels of oxygen substantially inhibited the light-dependent fixation of 14CO2. These oxygen effects are similar to those observed with intact C4 leaves and suggest that the lack of inhibition of C4 photosynthesis by atmospheric levels of oxygen results from the relative oxygen-insensitivity of the phosphopyruvate carboxylase-CO2 pump in the mesophyll.
Intestinal barrier integrity diminished by hypoxia, indomethacin, and hydrocortisone in Caco2 cell line (650.12)

Background: Concomitant use of hydrocortisone and the nonspecific cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitor indomethacin increases the risk for spontaneous intestinal perforation in extremely low birth weight...
Optimal harmonic reduction in AC/AC chopper converters

An optimal control strategy for selecting firing and commutation angles in pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) AC-AC chopper-type, single-phase converters is proposed. The method minimizes output-voltage harmonic distortion through numerical techniques, and can also simultaneously eliminate certain chosen harmonics. Best results are obtained when no harmonics are completely eliminated, but instead are allowed to have small residual values. The method yields lower weighted harmonic distortion than the harmonic elimination techniques. Freeing the solution from the usual constraint of quarter-wave symmetry results in even lower harmonic distortion. >
On the performance of STAR: an efficient delay-bound, low-cost multicast algorithm

Multicast networking is poised to play a prominent role in the future deployment of multimedia applications. Multimedia applications are usually resource intensive, have stringent quality of service requirements, and in many cases involve large multicast groups. Multicasting enables these applications to scale to a large number of users without overloading the network and server resources. This paper focuses on the design and analysis of a new heuristic for building low-cost, delay-bounded multicast trees to support multimedia applications. The approach used by the proposed heuristic to "optimize" the multicast tree limits its paths computation to paths which originate from the multicast destinations instead of all pairs of paths, as is the case in other well-known algorithms. Moreover, the path finding procedure, based on Dijkstra's algorithm, results in the selection of better paths than those discovered the k-shortest path based procedures. The simulation results show that the proposed heuristic outperforms on average other known heuristics.
Critical role of STAT3 in melanoma metastasis through anoikis resistance

Anoikis is an anchorage-independent cell death. Resistance to anoikis is one of the key features of metastatic cells. Here, we analyzed the role of STAT3 in anoikis resistance in melanoma cells leading to metastasis. When grown under anchorage-independent conditions, significant proportion of cells resisted anoikis and these resistant cells had higher rate of migration and invasion as compared to the cells grown under anchorage-dependent conditions. The anoikis resistant cells also had significantly higher expression and phosphorylation of STAT3 at Y705 than the cells that were attached to the basement membrane. STAT3 inhibitors, AG 490 and piplartine (PL) induced anoikis in a concentration-dependent manner in anoikis resistant cells. Over-expression of STAT3 or treatment with IL-6 not only increased anoikis resistance, but also protected the cancer cells from PL-induced anoikis. On the other hand, silencing STAT3 decreased the potential of cancer cells to resist anoikis and to migrate. STAT3 knock-down cells and PL treated cells did not form tumors as well as failed to metastasize in SCID-NSG mice as compared to untreated anchorage-independent cells, which formed big tumors and extensively metastasized. In summary, our results for the first time establish STAT3 as a critical player that renders anoikis resistance to melanoma cells and enhance their metastatic potential.
Cyclo­hexyl phenyl ketone

The C=O bond of the title compound, C13H17O, is essentially coplanar with the phenyl ring. The cyclo­hexyl ring is in the chair conformation and its least-squares plane is at an angle of 55.48 (9)° to the phenyl ring. No intermolecular hydrogen bonding is exhibited.
Differential Perceptual-Spatial Impairment in Huntington's and Alzheimer's Dementias

• Because the severity of memory disorders exhibited by neuropsychiatric patients overshadows other cognitive deficiencies, we explored the visuoperceptual and constructive abilities of patients with Alzheimer's (AD) or Huntington's (HD) disease. The tasks assessed directional sense with reference to egocentric space, as well as visuodiscriminative and constructive skills of patients and matched controls. A double dissociation was found: the performance of patients with AD was found to be significantly impaired on tasks involving extrapersonal perception and construction but not on the test of egocentric space. In contrast, visuoconstructive performance by patients with HD was not significantly impaired, while salient deficits were apparent when manipulation of personal space was required. These differential patterns of defects may have been aligned with neuropathologic changes in different cortical and subcortical structures, respectively, in patients with AD and HD.
Imperial Names for ‘Practical Cats’: Establishing a Distinctly British Pride in Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats

AbstractT. S. Eliot provides three categories — the familial, the particular, and the secretive — to delineate the naming of cats in Old Possum’s Book of Practical Cats; however, the poet’s categories fail to explain completely his onomastic decisions. Instead, Eliot’s naming process reflects the Anglophile’s acquired British tastes. London, a city of Anglican churches and secular theatres, is home to Eliot’s fictional cats and an influence upon many of his name choices. Literary sources, in particular British Nonsense poets, provide additional inspiration for the 54 cat names mentioned in Eliot’s volume.
Responses of Rhodotorula sp. Y11 to cadmium

Some aspects of the cellular responses to cadmium were extensively investigated in the yeast Rhodotorula sp. Y11. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that accumulation of cadmium in the Y11 did not cause any visible effects on cell morphology. More than 20% yeast cells still showed viability after 15 h of cadmium accumulation under 100 mg l−1 cadmium concentration, and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that plasmolysis and thickened cell wall were not observed in all of the cells. In the presence of cadmium, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were all greater than the control, but the increase was in a dose-independent manner. Changes in SOD and CAT activities were also dependent on the time of exposure. Therefore, it suggests that antioxidative defenses play an important role in cadmium tolerance in Rhodotorula sp. Y11. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels revealed only one SOD isoforms in Y11 even under exposure to cadmium.
Effect of volume changes on ouabain-insensitive net outward cation movements in human red cells.

The effect of cell volume changes in human red cells on ouabain-insensitive net outward cation movements through 1) the Na−K and Li−K cotransport, 2) the Li−Na counter-transport system and 3) the furosemide-insensitive Na, K and Li pathway was studied. Cell volume was altered by changing a) the internal cation content (isosmotic method) or b) the external osmolarity of the medium (osmotic method). Na−K and Li−K cotransport were measured as the furosemide-sensitive Na or Li and K efflux into (Na, Li and K)-free (Mg-sucrose replacement) medium from cells loaded to contain approximately equal concentrations of Na and K, or a constant K/Li concentration ratio of 9∶1, respectively. Li−Na countertransport was assayed as the Na-stimulated Li efflux from Li-loaded cells and net furosemide-insensitive outfluxes in (Na, Li and K)-free media containing 1mm furosemide. Swelling of cells by the isosmotic, but not by the osmotic method reduced furosemide-sensitive Na and Li but not K efflux by 80 and 86%, respectively. Changes in cell volume by both methods had no effect on Li−Na countertransport. The effects of cell volume changes were measured on the rate constants of ouabain- and furosemide-insensitive cation fluxes and were found to be complex. Isosmotic shrinkage more than doubled the rate constants of Na and Li efflux but did not affect that of K efflux. Osmotic shrinkage increased the K efflux rate constant by 50% only in cells loaded for countertransport. Isosmotic cell swelling specifically increased the K+ efflux rate constants both in cells loaded for cotransport and countertransport assays while no effect was observed in cells swollen by the osmotic method. Thus, the three transport pathways responded differently to changes in cell volume, and, furthermore, responses were different depending on the method of changing cell water content.
A 3D Interconnected Microchannel Network Formed in Gelatin by Sacrificial Shellac Microfibers

3D microfluidic networks are fabricated in a gelatin hydrogel using sacrificial melt-spun microfibers made from a material with pH-dependent solubility. The fibers, after being embedded within the gel, can be removed by changing the gel pH to induce dissolution. This process is performed in an entirely aqueous environment, avoiding extreme temperatures, low pressures, and toxic organic solvents.
Physiological characteristics ofClostridium bifermentans selectively isolated from California desert tortoise

A selective agar medium containing cycloserine (250 mg/L), sulfamethoxazole (76 mg/L), and trimethoprim (4 mg/L) was used for isolation ofClostridium bifermentans from the intestinal contents of California desert tortoise. Typical lecithinase positive colonies that appeared on the plates, were biochemically characterized with the API 20A System and a conventional procedure. The susceptibility of the isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents was determined by the broth microtitration technique using the ANA MIC System.C. bifermentans strains were shown to be highly susceptible to cefoxitin, cefotetan, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, penicillin, metronidazole, piperacillin, ticarcillin, and mezlocillin. Less than 10% of the isolates exhibited resistance to tetracycline. All strains were found to be highly resistant to cycloserine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. The GLC analysis of the culture supernatants for volatile fatty acids revealed the presence of formic, acetic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and isocaproic acids.
Measuring the Potential Contribution of Plant Breeding to Crop Yields: Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1954–87

Measurements are made of plant breeders' success in increasing potential flue-cured tobacco yields from 1954 to 1987 in North Carolina. Nongenetic sources of yield increases are measured by the yield levels of a standard variety. New genetic material accounted for between 20% and 35% of yield increases on research station plots in the three tobacco-growing regions. Recent genetic contributions have been small. The slowdown is not attributable to a federal tobacco policy shift in 1965 that slowed the growth in grower yields. There is also no evidence that tobacco breeders increased their output in response to the Plant Variety Protection Act of 1970.
Use of stability coefficients for evaluating the P–Δ effect in regular steel moment resisting frames

Abstract This study introduced and evaluated two stability coefficients that can be used to quantify the P – Δ effect during elastic and inelastic lateral displacement of regular steel moment resisting frames (SMRF). The first coefficient, applicable during elastic lateral displacement, was developed through an analytical process. It was found to be a function of the elastic fundamental period and modal shape of the frame and consequently named the modal-elastic stability coefficient ( θ m e ). The second coefficient was developed through a regression analysis process. In spite of its inelastic domain, this coefficient was found to retain a strong correlation with the elastic fundamental period and modal shape of the frame and consequently named the the modal-inelastic stability coefficient ( θ m i ). This study shows that the combined use of these two coefficients permits the accurate prediction of the load–deformation curve (initial stiffness, strength, and post-yield stiffness) of SMRF affected by the P – Δ phenomenon. Twenty-two SMRF were used for developing and testing the proposed stability coefficients.
DOES AGGRESSIVE STATIN THERAPY REDUCE CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE LIPID CONTENT? RESULTS FROM: REDUCTION IN YELLOW PLAQUE BY AGGRESSIVE LIPID LOWERING THERAPY (YELLOW) TRIAL

Although statin therapy reduces coronary atherosclerotic burden, the extent to which statins modulate lipid content and coronary flow physiology is not known. We evaluated the short-term impact of aggressive statin therapy on changes in coronary plaque composition, lipid content, and coronary flow
FPCPS: Introduction to an innovative financial instrument

The controversy over FASB's derivatives standard shows that companies are eager to use a variety of new financial instruments. The authors explain the structure of —and reporting for—another innovative financial instrument, future priced convertible preferred stock (FPCPS). For some firms, it provides a means of raising capital not accorded by more conventional financial instruments. But there are risks that must be controlled. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Social support and social cognitive problem‐solving in children with newly diagnosed cancer

Children newly diagnosed with cancer have been documented to be at increased risk for difficulties in their return to school and ongoing positive social experiences. This article reviews the critical role of social support in helping children adjust to their illness and treatment. Social skills training for newly diagnosed children is presented as an important intervention strategy for increasing positive social interactions and overall psychosocial adjustment. A randomized, clinical research trial currently in progress that will evaluate the impact of social skills training on newly diagnosed children 5-13 years of age is delineated. The potentially positive impact of social skills training on the prevention of emotional problems and increased biologic survival are discussed
Marketing responsible drinking behavior: comparing the effectiveness of responsible drinking messages tailored to three possible "personality" conceptualizations.

We investigated whether a thoroughly personalized message (tailored to a person's “Big Five” personality traits) or a message matched to an alternate form of self-schema (ideal self-schema) would be more influential than a self-schema matched message (that has been found to be effective) at marketing responsible drinking. We expected the more thoroughly personalized Big Five matched message to be more effective than the self-schema matched message. However, neither the Big Five message nor the ideal self-schema message was more effective than the actual self-schema message. Therefore, research examining self-schema matching should be pursued rather than more complex Big Five matching.
One in the eye is worth two in the ear

An autobiographical description of how simulations and structured exercises have been important in the author's educational career is presented in a three-point framework. First, experiential activities have led to remembered learning among participants in his classes. Second, simulations and structured exercises have provided a safe context to rehearse real-world strategies and discover real-world consequences for his stu - dents. Third, simulations and structured exercises have reflected the culturally learned patterns of assump - tions, providing the starting point of thinking in the author's workshops. The importance of simulations and structured exercises to his learning/teaching activities is highlighted.
Effects of protein kinase C activation on inositol phosphate generation and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in bovine parathyroid cells.

Activators of protein kinase C, such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and the synthetic diacylglycerol dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), either stimulate or inhibit PTH release depending on the extracellular Ca2+ concentration. By increasing PTH release at high extracellular Ca2+, these agents, in effect, block high Ca2+-induced inhibition of secretion. Since raising extracellular Ca2+ increases intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+i]) and inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) formation in parathyroid cells, we assessed the effects of PMA pretreatment on [Ca2+]i and InsP3 to ascertain whether these second messengers might be altered by protein kinase C activation. Preincubation of parathyroid cells with PMA (10-6 M) significantly lowered the intracellular Ca2+ response to raising extracellular Ca2+ from 0.5–2.0 mM. The peak increase in [Ca2+]i averaged 475 ± 11 nM in PMAtreated cells compared to 703 ± 44 nM in control cells. High extracellular Ca2+-induced InsP3 accumulation was also reduced after incubating the cells with ...
Intron 7 conserved sequence elements regulate the splicing of the SMN genes

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by low levels of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. In humans there are two nearly identical SMN genes, SMN1 and SMN2. The SMN2 gene generates a truncated protein, due to a C to T nucleotide alteration in exon 7, which leads to inefficient RNA splicing of exon 7. This exclusion of SMN exon 7 is central to the onset of the SMA disease. Exon 7 splicing is regulated by a number of exonic and intronic splicing regulatory sequences and the trans-factors that bind them. Here, we identify conserved intronic sequences in the SMN genes. Five regions were examined due to conservation and their proximity to exons 6 through 8. Using mutagenesis two conserved elements located in intron 7 of the SMN genes that affect exon 7 splicing have been identified. Additional analysis of one of these regions showed decreased inclusion of exon 7 in SMN transcripts when deletions or mutations were introduced. Furthermore, multimerization of this conserved region was capable of restoring correct SMN splicing. Together these results describe a novel intronic splicing enhancer sequence located in the final intron of the SMN genes. This discovery provides insight into the splicing of the SMN genes using conserved intonic sequence as a tool to uncover regions of importance in pre-messenger RNA splicing. A better understanding of the way SMN pre-mRNA is spliced can lead to the development of new therapies.
Inhalation of High Concentrations of Low Toxicity Dusts in Rats Results in Impaired Pulmonary Clearance Mechanisms and Persistent Inflammation

This study was carried out to assess the time course of pulmonary clearance impairment and persistence of inflammation following high-dose inhalation exposures to titanium dioxide (TiO2) or carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Male rats were exposed to air, TiO2or CI particles 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks at concentrations of 5, 50, and 250 mg/m3and evaluated at selected intervals through 6 months postexposure. Indices of pulmonary inflammation as well as alveolar macrophage clearance functions (i.e., morphology,in vivoandin vitrophagocytosis, and chemotaxis), cell proliferation, and histopathology endpoints were measured at several postexposure time periods through 6 months. In addition, amounts of TiO2or CI in lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were measured to allow an evaluation of particle clearance and translocation patterns. Four-week exposures to TiO2or CI particles at concentrations of 250 mg/m3resulted in lung burdens of 12 mg titanium and 17 mg iron, respectively, with particle retention half-times ranging from 68 days for 5 mg/m3TiO2to approximately 330 days for 250 mg/m3. The impact of this TiO2dust load and similar lung burdens of CI particles produced a sustained pulmonary inflammatory response measured through a period of 3–6 months postexposure concomitant with increases in BrdU cell labeling of terminal airway and pulmonary parenchymal cells. The impairment of particle clearance mechanisms was accounted for by deficits inin vitrophagocytic and chemotactic potential of alveolar macrophages recovered from the lungs of high-dose, TiO2- or CI-exposed rats. Free granular pigment (TiO2or CI) was present on the hypertrophic mucosal surfaces of bronchioles and bronchi, and particle-laden macrophages, found individually, were numerous throughout alveoli and within lymphoid tissues immediately after exposure. Aggregates of particle-laden macrophages were present within alveoli and alveolar ducts from 1 week postexposure through the entire 6-month recovery period. Macrophage accumulations increased in size and number from 1 week through 1 month postexposure and then appeared to remain constant through the remaining 5-month postexposure period. Minimal cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia were evident at alveolar duct bifurcations adjacent to macrophage aggregates, and this effect was most prominent at 3 to 6 months postexposure. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that exposure to high dust concentrations of two different innocuous particle types produced sustained pulmonary inflammation, enhanced proliferation of pulmonary cells, impairment of particle clearance, deficits in macrophage function, and the appearance of macrophage aggregates at sites of particle deposition. In addition, the mass deposition rate determination appears to be a less sensitive indicator of “overload” when compared to biomarkers of pulmonary toxicity, such as macrophage function and cellular inflammation and proliferation indices.