cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-Cultural Applications of the Halstead-Reitan Batteries

The Halstead-Reitan battery (HRB) has been extensively used in clinical neuropsychology and numerous research studies have demonstrated its validity for neurodiagnostic and other applications (Reitan & Wolfson, 1993). The HRB typically includes the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) or one of its revisions (WAIS-R or WAIS-III), as well as several other measures: the Lateral Dominance Examination, a measure to determine left versus right preference for the hand, foot, and eye; the Reitan-Indiana Aphasia Screening Test, a modification of the Halstead-Wepman Aphasia Screening test to monitor various aspects of language function such as naming, repetition, and comprehension; the Finger Tapping Test, a test of motor speed with the upper extremities; the Hand Dynamometer test of grip strength; the Sensory-Perceptual Examination, a series of subtests to measure tactile, visual, and auditory function; the Tactile Form Recognition Test; the Seashore Rhythm Test and Speech Sounds Perception Test, measures of auditory attention and the ability to discriminate among auditory stimuli; the Trailmaking Test—Parts A and B, which measure sustained attention, perceptualmotor speed, and flexibility of thinking; the Tactual Performance Test, a measure of perceptual-motor problem solving, learning, and incidental memory; the Category Test, a complex test of abstraction and problem solving; and a version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (Reitan & Wolfson, 1993). Often the HRB is supplemented by various tests of learning and memory such as the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) or one of its versions (WMS-R or WMS-III). A somewhat modified version of the HRB also has been developed and validated for use with older children (ages 9 to 14), and there is a much more extensively modified Reitan-Indiana Neuropsychological Test Battery for young children (ages 5 to 8; Reitan & Wolfson, 1993).
A phase II trial of neoadjuvant gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and SBRT for potentially resectable pancreas cancer: An evaluation of acute toxicity.

4121Background: The optimal management of potentially resectable pancreas cancer is unknown. The high rates of local and distant failures following surgical resection highlights the need for improv...
International Association of Hospitality Financial Management Education (iahfme) Academic Member 2014 Total Annual Earnings

This study uses survey research to determine the 2014 annual earnings of hospitality financial management educators. Forty-three percent of iAHFME members affiliated with educational institutions responded. Survey results show that for 2014, annual base salaries of iAHFME members ranged from $70,000 to $258,000. The lowest-paid member was an assistant professor and the highest-paid member was a full professor. Many respondents supplemented their base salaries by teaching during summer school or consulting or both. The total annual earnings of iAHFME members ranged from $71,000 to $270,000. Survey results also show that hospitality financial management educators appear to be more highly compensated than the average college professor than their counterparts in the lodging industry.
Strengthening Marriages in a Skeptical Culture: Issues and Opportunities:

Questions are answered in relationship to Scott Stanley's work in marriage education and in relationship to a variety of sociocultural factors concerning the condition and treatment of marriage iss...
Reduced model to predict thrombin and fibrin during thrombosis on collagen/tissue factor under venous flow: Roles of γ’-fibrin and factor XIa

During thrombosis, thrombin generates fibrin, however fibrin reversibly binds thrombin with low affinity E-domain sites (KD = 2.8 μM) and high affinity γ’-fibrin sites (KD = 0.1 μM). For blood clotting on collagen/tissue factor (1 TF-molecule/μm2) at 200 s-1 wall shear rate, high μM-levels of intraclot thrombin suggest robust prothrombin penetration into clots. Setting intraclot zymogen concentrations to plasma levels (and neglecting cofactor rate limitations) allowed the linearization of 7 Michaelis-Menton reactions between 6 species to simulate intraclot generation of: Factors FXa (via TF/VIIa or FIXa), FIXa (via TF/FVIIa or FXIa), thrombin, fibrin, and FXIa. This reduced model [7 rates, 2 KD’s, enzyme half-lives~1 min] predicted the measured clot elution rate of thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) and fragment F1.2 in the presence and absence of the fibrin inhibitor Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro. To predict intraclot fibrin reaching 30 mg/mL by 15 min, the model required fibrinogen penetration into the clot to be strongly diffusion-limited (actual rate/ideal rate = 0.05). The model required free thrombin in the clot (~100 nM) to have an elution half-life of ~2 sec, consistent with measured albumin elution, with most thrombin (>99%) being fibrin-bound. Thrombin-feedback activation of FXIa became prominent and reached 5 pM FXIa at >500 sec in the simulation, consistent with anti-FXIa experiments. In predicting intrathrombus thrombin and fibrin during 15-min microfluidic experiments, the model revealed “cascade amplification” from 30 pM levels of intrinsic tenase to 15 nM prothrombinase to 15 μM thrombin to 90 μM fibrin. Especially useful for multiscale simulation, this reduced model predicts thrombin and fibrin co-regulation during thrombosis under flow.
On the relationship between social disorganization and police coercive action(s) in the New York City Police Department

This study applies indicators of social disorganization theory (i.e., concentrated disadvantage, residential instability, and concentrated immigration) to predict officers’ use of coercive action d...
Short-term vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation in humans. II: Error signals

We oscillated humans sinusoidally at 0.2 Hz for 1 h, using various combinations of rotations of the head and visual surround to elicit short-term adaptation of the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Before and after each period of training, the gain of the VOR was measured in darkness, in response to a position step of head rotation. A small foveal target served as well as a full-field stimulus at driving VOR adaptation. Oscillation of the visual surround alone produced a substantial increase in the VOR gain. When the visual scene was rotated in phase with the head but with a larger amplitude to produce a reversal of the VOR, the VOR gain increased if the movement of the visual scene was much greater than that of the head, otherwise the gain decreased. We interpreted these results with a model of VOR adaptation that uses as its “error signal” the combination of motion of images on the retina (retinal slip) and any additional slow-phase eye velocity, beyond that generated by the VOR through the vestibular nuclei, necessary to prevent such retinal slip during head rotation. The slow phase velocity generated by the VOR is derived from “inferred head rotation”, a signal based on the discharge of neurons in the vestibular nuclei that receive both labyrinthine and visual (optokinetic) inputs. The amplitude and sign of the ratio of the “error signal” to “inferred head velocity” determine the amplitude and the direction (increase or decrease) of VOR gain adaptation.
Lateral Modified Brandt-Daroff Exercises: A Novel Home Treatment Technique for Horizontal Canal BPPV.

Objectives Brandt-Daroff exercises (BDEs) are commonly used as an at-home treatment for posterior canalithiasis, but their efficacy in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) of the horizontal canal (HC-BPPV) has not been previously studied. Using biomechanical model simulation, we investigated modifications that may optimize BDE use for HC-BPPV treatment. Materials and methods The BPPV Viewer, a three-dimensional model of the human labyrinth, was used to analyze BDE for HC-BPPV treatment. While moving the model through sequential BDE positions, the expected position of otoliths was demonstrated. Treatment steps were adjusted to maximize otolith movement around the canal circumference without compromising otolith repositioning into the semicircular duct's anterior arm. All adjustments were integrated into lateral modified BDEs (LMBDEs) presented here. Results By implementing several modifications, BDE can effectively treat HC-BPPV. Model simulation indicates tilting the head 20° upward in the lateral position, instead of 45° specified by the original technique, which significantly increases displacement of otoliths originating from the horizontal duct's anterior and intermediate segments. LMBDE can be performed as a direct two-step sequence without pausing in the upright position before switching sides. If the affected ear is known, positioning the head 45° below horizontal on the unaffected side as a third treatment step can promote actual canal evacuation. These treatment enhancements increase circumferential otolith movement around the canal and may promote horizontal canal evacuation. Conclusion LMBDEs are a modification of BDE that may increase their effectiveness for use in patients with HC-BPPV. This safe treatment adjunct between office visits may promote long-term symptom reduction.
Modulation frequency selection and efficient look-up table inversion for frequency domain diffuse optical spectroscopy

Significance: Frequency domain diffuse optical spectroscopy (FD-DOS) uses intensity modulated light to measure the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of turbid media such as biological tissue. Some FD-DOS instruments utilize a single modulation frequency, whereas others use hundreds of frequencies. The effect of modulation frequency choice and measurement bandwidth on optical property (OP) extraction accuracy has not yet been fully characterized. Aim: We aim to assess the effect of modulation frequency selection on OP extraction error and develop a high-speed look-up table (LUT) approach for OP estimation. Approach: We first used noise-free simulations of light transport in homogeneous media to determine optimized iterative inversion model parameters and developed a new multi-frequency LUT method to increase the speed of inversion. We then used experimentally derived noise models for two FD-DOS instruments to generate realistic simulated data for a broad range of OPs and modulation frequencies to test OP extraction accuracy. Results: We found that repeated measurements at a single low-frequency (110 MHz) yielded essentially identical OP errors as a broadband frequency sweep (35 evenly spaced frequencies between 50 and 253 MHz) for these noise models. The inclusion of modulation frequencies >300 MHz diminished overall performance for one of the instruments. Additionally, we developed a LUT inversion algorithm capable of increasing inversion speeds by up to 6 × , with 1000 inversions / s and ∼1 % error when a single modulation frequency was used. Conclusion: These results suggest that simpler single-frequency systems are likely sufficient for many applications and pave the way for a new generation of simpler digital FD-DOS systems capable of rapid, large-volume measurements with real-time feedback.
Does the relationship between racial, ethnic, and income diversity and social capital vary across the United States? A county-level analysis using geographically weighted regression

Abstract Social capital provides important health, economic, and community benefits. While there are several types of social capital, that which is characterized by connections between diverse individuals from different social groups is thought to be particularly valuable. Despite the fact that both socio-demographic diversity and social capital exhibit significant spatial variation across the United States, there remains a lack of research investigating the relationships between these variables at the county level. This study utilized geographically weighted regression to explore the potential non-stationarity of the relationships between racial, ethnic, and income diversity and social capital. Results indicate spatial non-stationary with regard to all three types of diversity, with statistical significance, strength of association, and direction of the relationships varying notably across the United States. These findings underscore the need for more attention to local variation in the relationships between forms of diversity and social capital. The local spatial modeling strategies used here offer a different perspective on these relationships.
Sphingomyelinases in a journey to combat arthropod-borne pathogen transmission.

Ixodes scapularis ticks feed on humans and other vertebrate hosts and transmit several pathogens of public health concern. Tick saliva is a complex mixture of bioactive proteins, lipids and immunomodulators, such as I. scapularis sphingomyelinase (IsSMase)-like protein, an ortholog of dermonecrotoxin SMase D found in the venom of Loxosceles spp. of spiders. IsSMase modulates the host immune response towards Th2, which suppresses Th1-mediated cytokines to facilitate pathogen transmission. Arboviruses utilize exosomes for their transmission from tick to the vertebrate host, and exosomes derived from tick saliva/salivary glands suppress C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and interleukin-8 immune response(s) in human skin to delay wound healing and repair processes. IsSMase affects also viral replication and exosome biogenesis, thereby inhibiting tick-to-vertebrate host transmission of pathogenic exosomes. In this review, we elaborate on exosomes and their biogenesis as potential candidates for developing novel control measure(s) to combat tick-borne diseases. Such targets could help with the development of an efficient anti-tick vaccine for preventing the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
Spatial and fractal characterization of selected soil nutrients along a catena

Abstract Soil nutrient elements influence crop productivity and environmental sustainability and they vary across several slope positions. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the spatial and fractal variability of selected soil macro- and micronutrient elements across five slope positions: summit, shoulder, back, foot, and toe slopes. Triplicate soil samples (0–18 cm) were collected from each slope position from a pasture field planted to tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea syn. schendonorus arundinaceus). Soil nutrient elements analyzed include phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nitrate N (NO3-N), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). Additionally, soil pH, bulk density (BD), and soil organic carbon (SOC) were determined. Results show that SOC was 26% higher, while BD was 10% lower at the toe slope compared with the summit. Similarly, NO3-N was 15, 16, 18, and 1% higher at the toe slope position compared with the summit, shoulder, back and foot slopes probably due to nutrient mobility with water flow. Semivariogram analysis showed that the gaussian isotropic model provided be best fit (R2 > 0.97) for all nutrient elements across all slope positions. The range of spatial variability (A0) of nutrient elements was between 5.8 (K at the backslope position) and 71.0 m (P and Fe at the shoulder and back slope positions, respectively). The fractal dimensions of soil nutrient elements across all slope positions ranged from 0.216 to 1.949 suggesting that as the sampling distance exceeds half the A0, soil nutrient elements tend to become self-similar. The variability in soil nutrient elements from the current study can serve as a useful nutrient application recommendation tool for precision agriculture across five slope positions.
Formulation and characterization of ternary amorphous solid dispersions of a highly potent anti-tubercular agent and curcumin

Abstract The enhancement of aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs is a challenge. Additional hurdle is to enhance the solubility of more than one drugs in same formulation for the combination therapy. This research paper presents the development of novel amorphous ternary (drug-drug-hydrophilic polymer) solid dispersions to simultaneously enhance the aqueous solubility and stability of two poorly soluble drugs. The ternary amorphous solid dispersions in the study contains the combination of a highly potent and novel anti-tubercular agent, Indole2-carboxamide derivative (North 2) and anti-oxidant, curcumin (CUR). Binary and ternary amorphous dispersions of North 2 and CUR were prepared using hydrophilic polymers, namely polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Eudragit EPO® (EPO), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), at 1:1 w/w (for binary solid dispersions) and at 1:1:2 w/w/w (for ternary solid dispersions) ratios. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed that North 2 has high crystallization tendency and formed an amorphous binary solid dispersion with only EPO, whereas CUR was characterized as low crystallization tendency compound and formed amorphous binary solid dispersions with EPO, PVP, and HPMC. All the three polymers formed amorphous ternary solid dispersions at 1:1:2 w/w/w ratios. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data showed significant peak shifts in both binary and ternary dispersions of North 2/CUR indicating molecular interactions. These interactions mainly involved the carbonyl group of both compounds, indole –NH of North 2 and phenolic –OH of CUR with the polymer chain. These interactions were confirmed by solution NMR and molecular modeling studies. In dissolution studies, out of the three hydrophilic polymers, EPO showed maximum solubility enhancement with and increased solubility by 55 and 59 times for North 2 and CUR, respectively, within 12 h. XRD stability data of the ternary solid dispersions showed that they were stable over 90 days at room temperature. The aqueous solubility of North 2 and curcumin was enhanced successfully with 50% loading of the drugs. Hence, this study shows the potential of designing ternary dispersions to achieve the solubility enhancement of a combination of poorly soluble drugs by utilizing a molecularly interacting hydrophilic polymer.
Taste renaissance, tax reform, and industrial organization of the beer industry

We develop a theoretical model of the beer industry consisting of two segments: monopolistically competitive heterogeneous craft breweries that compete based on variety and quality and oligopolistically competitive macrobreweries that compete based on economies of scale. We also present empirical evidence that, in contrast to the practice in most manufacturing industries, smaller craft breweries pay more for higher quality inputs and charge higher prices. The model is simulated to analyze three counterfactual scenarios: the taste renaissance by expanding consumers' (i) taste for variety and (ii) preference for unique quality beer and (iii) the 2017 tax reform. The taste renaissance scenarios have similar directional effects on the monopolistic segment, but the impacts of an increase in the love‐of‐variety are much stronger than those of an increase in quality. In all three scenarios, the craft segment expands and the macrosegment contracts, but industry‐level sales rise and the aggregate price index declines, benefiting consumers.
Das „Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality“ (CAMS) – Eine wirksame (Kurz-) Intervention zur Behandlung von suizidalen Patienten

Das „Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality“ (CAMS) ist einer von mehreren Interventionsansatzen zur Behandlung von suizidalen Patienten und Patientinnen und wurde weltweit seit 3 Jahrzehnten untersucht und weiterentwickelt. Das CAMS ist auf die Etablierung einer tragenden therapeutischen Beziehung auf Augenhohe zu einer suizidalen Person ausgerichtet. Der Patient wird aktiv an der Einschatzung seines Suizidrisikos beteiligt und zum „Mitverfasser“ seines eigenen suizidspezifischen Behandlungsplans. Das konkrete therapeutische Vorgehen wird durch ein vielseitig anwendbares Instrument, die sogenannte Suizidstatusform (SSF), strukturiert und geleitet. Das CAMS kann von verschiedenen therapeutischen Berufsgruppen sowie bei Patienten und Patientinnen mit unterschiedlichen Diagnosen angewandt werden. Die Wirksamkeit im Hinblick auf eine Verringerung von Suizidgedanken, der allgemeinen psychischen Belastung und Depressivitat sowie auf eine Zunahme von Hoffnung und Zuversicht ist mittlerweile empirisch gut belegt. The “Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality” (CAMS) is an intervention approach for the treatment of suicidal patients that has been studied and developed for three decades around the world. CAMS is focused on establishing a continuing therapeutic relationship at eye level with a suicidal person. The patient is actively involved in assessing his or her suicide risk and becomes the “co-author” of his or her own suicide-specific treatment plan. The specific therapeutic procedure is structured and guided by a versatile instrument called the Suicide Status Form (SSF). CAMS can be applied by different therapeutic professional groups to patients with different diagnoses. Its effectiveness in reducing suicidal ideation, general psychological distress and depressiveness, and increasing hope and confidence is now empirically well established.
Root lodging affects biomass yield and carbohydrate composition in sweet sorghum

Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a promising crop for bioenergy production but is susceptible to lodging, which has the potential to significantly affect biomass composition and total harvestable yield. Despite known susceptibility to lodging, there are limited data available on the effects of root lodging on biomass and carbohydrate yield and partitioning in lodged sweet sorghum. Therefore, weather-induced lodging of field-grown sweet sorghum in 2012 and 2013 in North Central Florida was exploited to provide a better understanding of the effects of root lodging on biomass and carbohydrate yield and partitioning to leaf, stem, and panicle. Fresh biomass yields were not different between lodged and non-lodged plots in 2012 or 2013, but dry biomass yield was lower during 2012. Grain yield was lower during both years of the study, as a result of lodging. However, no difference in leaf or stem biomass yield was seen due to lodging. Lodging reduced biomass recovered by flail harvester at harvest by 40% during 2012. Juice Brix showed a 32 and 17% decline in lodged compared to non-lodged sorghum at harvest during 2012 and 2013, respectively. Total nonstructural carbohydrates (starch and water soluble carbohydrates) showed a 27% reduction on a whole plant basis as a result of lodging during 2013, with panicles showing a greater percent reduction (53 vs. 18%) in total nonstructural carbohydrates (mostly starch) as a result of lodging compared with stems (mostly water soluble carbohydrates). Although sweet sorghum is susceptible to root lodging in many environments, it is likely to have only a relatively modest effect on water-soluble carbohydrates in the stem.
Hydrogen ion effects of the vertebrate photoreceptor: The pK's of lonizable groups affecting cell permeability

Abstract The permeability of the vertebrate photoreceptor was studied as a function of pH and other parameters. The permeability was measured as the rate of decay of a sequence of distal PIII responses from an isolated frog retina (Rana catesbeiana) after reestablishing the transmembrane sodium gradient in the presence of ouabain. The rate of decay was slowed at increasing stimulus light intensities, with increased extracellular calcium concentration (0.1 to 5 m m ), and at extracellular pH's above 7.6 and below 6.6 at lower stimulus light intensities. The effects of stimulus intensity and calcium are consistent with previously published data which showed that these parameters reduced the sodium conductance of the vertebrate photoreceptor. The pH data indicate that two externally available ionizable groups with pK's of approximately 7.6 and below 6.6 are affecting the permeability of the photoreceptor cell.
Discrete Rayleigh fading channel modeling: Research Articles

In order to understand the behaviour of upper-layer protocols and to design or fine tune their parameters over wireless networks, it is common to assume that the underlying channel is a flat Rayleigh fading channel. Such channels are commonly modeled as finite state Markov chains. Recently, hidden Markov models have also been employed to characterize these channels. In this paper, we study the different models that have been proposed along with the analysis of their validity. We start by presenting some preliminary concepts related to the modeling of the wireless communications channel. We then proceed to introduce finite state Markov channel models (FSMCs) along with the relations between them and the modulation schemes, error control protocols and channel coding. We propose and study the effects of taking into account the fading process in its characterization. We finish with a discussion on hidden Markov models for Rayleigh fading channel modeling. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hierarchical decision model for non-profit organization's project selection

This paper describes the process of setting up a hierarchical decision model for non-profit organizations to use for evaluation and selection of projects. Based on the Constrained Weighted Factor Scoring Model for project evaluation and selection, referring to the Mission-Objective-Goal-Strategy-Action(MOGSA) Model and the Expectancy Theory, we set up a prototype for the project selection of non-profit organizations. Based on the prototype model for project selection of non-profit organizations, we investigated the Non-profit Organization S by interview and survey questionnaire, and then set up the model for them to select projects. The weights of criteria are derived from the survey questionnaire and demonstrate how we use this model to assist the decision making process with three charity event projects. By doing this, we built up the model for them to improve their decision making process in project evaluation and selection.
One-gap scenario to explain Raman scattering in a d -wave superconductor

Recent Raman scattering data in ${B}_{1g}$ and ${B}_{2g}$ geometries in the superconducting state of underdoped cuprates were interpreted as evidence for two distinct energy gaps. We argue that these data can be equally well explained within a one-gap scenario if final-state interactions are taken into account. In particular, we show that they can account for the differing doping dependences of the Raman peaks in these two geometries and the doping independence of the slope of the ${B}_{2g}$ response.
Improved correlation of Generalized DFT with nonlinear phase for OFDM and CDMA Communications

Recently, Generalized Discrete Fourier Transform (GDFT) has been forwarded as the theoretical framework to design a variety of constant modulus orthogonal complex transforms with non-linear phase. In this paper, we evaluate the auto- and cross-correlation properties of several GDFT solutions and compare them with the popular code families like Gold, Walsh and DFT. It is shown that the GDFT brings significant correlation performance improvements over known code families. We predict that GDFT based OFDM and CDMA solutions will offer performance improvements in multicarrier communications systems of the future.
Seeing Is Believing

Charles Darwin and Victorian Visual Culture . By Jonathan Smith . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006. 374 pp. $100, £60. ISBN 9780521856904. Cambridge Studies in Nineteenth-Century Literature and Culture. Smith explores how Darwin used images to support his scientific claims as well as the cultural influence of his evolutionary explanation for beauty.
A shift in plant proteome profile for a Bromodomain containing RNA binding Protein (BRP1) in plants infected with Cucumber mosaic virus and its satellite RNA.

Abstract Host proteins are the integral part of a successful infection caused by a given RNA virus pathogenic to plants. Therefore, identification of crucial host proteins playing an important role in establishing the infection process is likely to help in devising approaches to curbing disease spread. Cucumber mosaic virus (Q-CMV) and its satellite RNA (QsatRNA) are important pathogens of many economically important crop plants worldwide. In a previous study, we demonstrated the biological significance of a Bromodomain containing RNA-binding Protein (BRP1) in the infection cycle of QsatRNA, making BRP1 an important host protein to study. To further shed a light on the mechanistic role of BRP1 in the replication of Q-CMV and QsatRNA, we analyzed the Nicotiana benthamiana host protein interactomes either for BRP1 alone or in the presence of Q-CMV or QsatRNA. Co-immunoprecipitation, followed by LC–MS/MS analysis of BRP1-FLAG on challenging with Q-CMV or QsatRNA has led us to observe a shift in the host protein interactome of BRP1. We discuss the significance of these results in relation to Q-CMV and its QsatRNA infection cycle. Biological significance Host proteins play an important role in replication and infection of eukaryotic cells by a wide-range of RNA viruses pathogenic to humans, animals and plants. Since a given eukaryotic cell typically contains ~ 30,000 different proteins, recent advances made in proteomics and bioinformatics approaches allowed the identification of host proteins critical for viral replication and pathogenesis. Although Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and its satRNA are well characterized at molecular level, information concerning the network of host factors involved in their replication and pathogenesis is still on its infancy. We have recently observed that a Bromodomain containing host protein (BRP1) is obligatory to transport satRNA to the nucleus. Consequently, it is imperative to apply proteomics and bioinformatics approaches in deciphering how host interactome network regulates the replication of CMV and its satRNA. In this study, first we established the importance of BRP1 in CMV replication. Then, application of co-immunoprecipitation in conjunction with LC–MS/MS allowed the identification of a wide range of host proteins that are associated with the replication of CMV and its satRNA. Interestingly, a shift in the plant proteome was observed when plants infected with CMV were challenged with its satRNA.
Active Learning in Lecture with Peer Instruction

Have you ever been surprised by poor class performance on a midterm question, and wondered why you were met with silence each time you asked “Any questions?” during the lecture on that topic? Do your students sometimes feel like they understood everything that was said in lecture, only to go home, start the homework, and immediately get stuck? Do you find that you only really learn something when you have to explain it to others? Peer instruction is an active learning pedagogy that addresses these challenges and opportunities
The Role of Human Transportation Networks in Mediating the Genetic Structure of Seasonal Influenza in the United States.

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of accounting for human mobility networks when modeling epidemics in order to accurately predict spatial dynamics. However, little is known about the impact these movement networks have on the genetic structure of pathogen populations and whether these effects are scale-dependent. We investigated how human movement along the aviation and commuter networks contributed to intra-seasonal genetic structure of influenza A epidemics in the continental United States using spatially-referenced hemagglutinin nucleotide sequences collected from 2003–2013 for both the H3N2 and H1N1 subtypes. Comparative analysis of these transportation networks revealed that the commuter network is highly spatially-organized and more heavily traveled than the aviation network, which instead is characterized by high connectivity between all state pairs. We found that genetic distance between sequences often correlated with distance based on interstate commuter network connectivity for the H1N1 subtype, and that this correlation was not as prevalent when geographic distance or aviation network connectivity distance was assessed against genetic distance. However, these patterns were not as apparent for the H3N2 subtype at the scale of the continental United States. Finally, although sequences were spatially referenced at the level of the US state of collection, a community analysis based on county to county commuter connections revealed that commuting communities did not consistently align with state geographic boundaries, emphasizing the need for the greater availability of more specific sequence location data. Our results highlight the importance of utilizing host movement data in characterizing the underlying genetic structure of pathogen populations and demonstrate a need for a greater understanding of the differential effects of host movement networks on pathogen transmission at various spatial scales.
Accelerated appearance of neoplasms in female NZB/NZW mice treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide.

Prolonged immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide increases the prevalence of neoplasms in NZB/NZW mice, an animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus. The current study was designed to compare the oncogenic properties of high dose cyclophosphamide with a low dose therapeutic regimen. Female NZB/NZW mice received life-long therapy with “high dose” cyclophosphamide, 16 mg/kg/day, or “low dose” cyclophosphamide, 5.7 mg/kg/day; control mice received saline. High dose therapy clearly accelerated ap pearance of neoplasms. Seventeen of 19 mice treated with highdose cyclophosphamide developed neoplasms at the mean age of 61 weeks. Fifty-seven percent of these tumors were mammary carcinomas. Neoplasms appeared in all mice treated with low dose; mean longevity in this treatment group was 80 weeks (compared to high dose treated mice, P < 0.001). Carcinomas, pulmonary adenomas, and lymphomas were the most common tumors in mice receiving low dose therapy. Positive tests for ANA were suppressed in high dose treated mice. AntiDNA antibody levels and glomerulonephritis were decreased significantly in both groups of cyclo
Chemical dosimetry using an iodide/iodate aqueous solution: application to the gamma irradiation of blood

A method is presented for measuring and verifying the radiation dose in gamma irradiators used for treating blood prior to transfusion. This method employs the iodide/iodate dosimeter (0.6M iodide, 0.1M iodate, and 0.01 borate at pH 9.25) which forms triiodide upon exposure to ionizing radiation; for Cs-137 radiation the G value is 14.1. Samples were placed in a canister and irradiated in a conventional blood bank irradiator containing several Cs-137 sources. The following were exposed: (a) nine 1.5 ml plastic tubes containing dosimetry solution taped inside a 250 ml blood bag, which, in turn, was filled with either water or blood, (b) 50 ml plastic syringes containing varying amounts of dosimetry solution, (c) a whole blood bag containing 250 ml of the dosimetry solution. A water phantom was not used during exposure. The absorbance changes at 352 nm due to triiodide formation were used to determine a dose rate, which was on the order of 10 Gy/min (+/-5%) for all samples measured. This value is consistent with an average time-decayed dose rate for the irradiation volume as determined from the manufacturers calibration of the unit taking into account the heterogeneous nature of the radiation field inside the irradiator and the absence of a water phantom. Because of its sensitivity, ease of operation, and reproducibility, it is suggested that the iodide/iodate dosimetry system be considered for on-site periodic conformation/verification of the radiation dose as part of a quality assurance requirement for blood irradiators.
Assessment of Gaseous CO2 and AQUI-S as Anesthetics when Surgically Implanting Radio Transmitters into Cutthroat Trout

Abstract Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and CO2 are anesthetics that can be legally used in fisheries work in the United States, but they are limited in their field applications. A mandatory 21-d withdrawal period is required for fish exposed to MS-222. Carbon dioxide is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but it is a “low regulatory priority drug” that can be used legally for fish anesthesia. However, stressful induction and lengthy recovery times have been associated with CO2. AQUI-S is a clove oil derivative that has the potential to become an approved anesthetic without the limitations of MS-222 or CO2. We compared the efficacy of CO2 with that of AQUI-S when surgically implanting radio transmitters into cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii. A 20% survival rate was observed when CO2 was used in combination with silk sutures, but a 100% survival rate was observed when CO2 was used in combination with surgical staples to shorten the duration of the surgical procedure. A 100% survi...
Attachment orientation and reactions to anxiety expression in close relationships

This study examined perceptions, interpretations, and emotional reactions to a close partner's anxiety expression as mediators for the association between attachment orientation and caregiving effectiveness. One member of married or dating couples was exposed to a stressor and unobtrusively observed while interacting with his or her partner. Results revealed that anxious attachment was related to higher perceptions of partners' anxiety expression, feeling more personal distress, but not less effective caregiving. Avoidant attachment was related to lower perceptions of partners' anxiety expression and feeling more anger. Negative interpretations of partners' anxiety mediated the association between avoidant attachment and less effective caregiving. These findings suggest that attachment orientation is related to cognitive and emotional processes important for effective caregiving behavior.
Lack of association between worsening renal function and mortality in heart failure patients treated with nesiritide.

Abstract Background Nesiritide is approved for the treatment of decompensated heart failure. Because nesiritide may exacerbate renal dysfunction, it has been claimed that there may be a link between worsening renal function caused by nesiritide and increased mortality. Aims We analyzed our inpatient experience with nesiritide to determine if changes in renal function were associated with worsened mortality. Methods and results A retrospective study of 167 patients [65% male, median age 70 years, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 30%, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 36 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , serum creatinine (sCr)1.8 mg/dL] treated with standard dose nesiritide was undertaken for the period September 2001–March 2005. Mortality was 12.5% at 1 month and 51% at 24 months (median follow-up was 5.4 months [interquartile ranges (IQR) 1.3, 18.6]. Higher mortality was associated with lower pre-infusion GFR (hazard ratio for a 10 mL/min/1.72 m 2 decrease=1.22, p =0.004). Pre-to-post nesiritide changes in GFR (median 0.0, IQR—5.8, 8.4; p =0.51) and creatinine (median 0.0, IQR −0.3, 0.3; p =0.91), however, were not significant and not detected to be associated with worsened mortality by Cox proportional hazards ( p =0.46 and p =0.40, respectively). Conclusions While we found that nesiritide infusion in decompensated heart failure patients worsened renal function (decrease in GFR) in 29% of patients, changes in renal function could not be related to an incremental worsening of mortality. Our findings do not support an association of worsening renal function and worsening mortality after nesiritide.
A comparison of query and term suggestion features for interactive searching

Query formulation is one of the most difficult and important aspects of information seeking and retrieval. Two techniques, term relevance feedback and query suggestion, provide methods to help users formulate queries, but each is limited in different ways. In this research we combine these two techniques by automatically creating query suggestions using term relevance feedback techniques. To evaluate our approach, we conducted an interactive information retrieval study with 55 subjects and 20 topics. Each subject completed four topics, half with a term suggestion system and half with a query suggestion system. We also investigated the source of the suggestions: approximately half of all subjects were provided with system-generated suggestions, while half were provided with user-generated suggestions. Results show that subjects used more query suggestions than term suggestions and saved more documents with these suggestions, even though there were no significant differences in performance. Subjects preferred the query suggestion system and rated it higher along a number of dimensions including its ability to help them think of new approaches to searching. Qualitative data provided insight into subjects' usage and ratings, and indicated that subjects often used the suggestions even when they did not click on them.
Encouraging extended conversations with young children

It is largely through conversations with more experienced adults that children come to learn about the world outside their own personal experiences.
Thermal relaxation of a two-dimensional plasma in a d.c. magnetic field. Part 2. Numerical simulation

The thermal relaxation process for a spatially uniform two dimensional plasma in a uniform dc magnetic field is simulated numerically. Thermal relaxation times are defined in terms of the time necessary for the numerically computer Boltzman H-function to decrease through a given part of the distance to its minimum value. Dependence of relaxation time on two parameters is studied: number of particles per Debye square and ratio of gyrofrequency to plasma frequency.
Toward a Climate of Peace

One of the defining features of Peace Studies is the capacity—often stimulated by the increasingly problematic nature of modern society—to foster the emergence of opportunity out of crisis. This pr...
The Nuclear Envelope Protein Emerin Binds Directly to Histone Deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and Activates HDAC3 Activity

Organization of the genome is critical for maintaining cell-specific gene expression, ensuring proper cell function. It is well established that the nuclear lamina preferentially associates with repressed chromatin. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying repressive chromatin formation and maintenance at the nuclear lamina remain poorly understood. Here we show that emerin binds directly to HDAC3, the catalytic subunit of the nuclear co-repressor (NCoR) complex, and recruits HDAC3 to the nuclear periphery. Emerin binding stimulated the catalytic activity of HDAC3, and emerin-null cells exhibit increased H4K5 acetylation, which is the preferred target of the NCoR complex. Emerin-null cells exhibit an epigenetic signature similar to that seen in HDAC3-null cells. Emerin-null cells also had significantly less HDAC3 at the nuclear lamina. Collectively, these data support a model whereby emerin facilitates repressive chromatin formation at the nuclear periphery by increasing the catalytic activity of HDAC3.
A direct comparison of three different material enhancement methods on the transient thermal response of paraffin phase change material exposed to high heat fluxes

Abstract The thermal performance and energy storage capabilities of a 54 °C organic paraffin wax is be tested and directly compared using three common different thermal conductivity enhancement methods (TCE). These include the use of graphite foam with infiltrated PCM, aluminum foam with infiltrated PCM, and PCM with 10 wt% graphite nanofibers. The applied heat flux varies from 1.93 W/cm 2 to 19.3 W/cm 2 . This allows the study of higher heat flux conditions than any previously studied and the first direct comparison of the effectiveness of these three different methods on the control of the heated base temperature. The performance of the PCM in both the solid and liquid phase as well as the motion of the melt front between the two phases is examined for each TCE configuration. It is found that the selection of enhancement method has a significant effect on the thermal response of the system. The base paraffin consistently shows the development of a superheated liquid layer at the base and Rayleigh-Benard convection currents in the melt region. With the addition of 11 wt% GNF the convection currents at the base are suppressed and the PCM is coupled more closely to the module. The GNF/PCM was more effective at controlling the base temperature than the base paraffin at low power loads, but this effect decreased with increased power loading. The GNF/PCM mixture was less effective at base temperature control when compared to the aluminum or graphite foams. However, the foams are found to improve the heat sink abilities of the system without exhibiting any significant delay to steady-state through effective use of the PCM mass. The results provide much needed valuable insight into the comparative effectiveness of different TCE designs for high power configurations.
Ninety-five percent splenectomy for massive splenomegaly: A new surgical approach

Subtotal splenectomy for children with Gaucher's disease has been a major contribution. When spleens of massive size are mobilized for partial resection, it may be technically difficult to remove more than 80% to 85% and still maintain hilar blood supply. The short gastric vessels are enlarged in patients who have marked splenomegaly and provide sufficient vascularity to support the 5% of remaining spleen that is desired in these patients. When the upper pole of the spleen is retained, as in the present case, the cut surface is relatively small and hemostasis is technically easier to achieve than when resection is performed closer to the center of the spleen.
A Photon Counting Stokes Vector Polarimeter

A sensitive polarimeter-photometer has been constructed for solar studies by the Institute for Astronomy on Mt. Haleakala. It can be used to study either the corona or the Sun's disk, and operates over a wide range in photon arrival rates. Since significant polarization as small as 10-5 is observed on the Sun's disk, noise and other sources of spurious modulation become of great importance. In this paper we present our measure-ments of the magnitude of these effects.© (1972) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Apparent synergism between amino donors for CTP synthesis in Chinese hamster fibroblasts.

The synergistic effects of potential amino donors were studied in the assay of CTP synthetase in extracts of Chinese hamster fibroblasts. We found that L-glutamine was not effective as the sole amino donor, but combinations of L-glutamine with NH4HCO3, L-arginine or potassium phosphate did result in the conversion of UTP to CTP. L-arginine or potassium phosphate were also not effective when used alone, and NH4HCO3 was only slightly effective. Our studies demonstrate that the individual synergistic combinations were not additive; multiple combinations of components decreased rather than increased the formation of CTP. The synergistic combinations of L-glutamine with either NH4HCO3 or L-arginine had an absolute requirement for ATP; when ATP and PEP were absent no conversion of UTP to CTP occurred. The presence of GTP in a reaction mixture slightly increased the formation of CTP when L-glutamine and NH4HCO3 were used and substantially increased CTP formation when L-glutamine and L-arginine were used.De novo CTP synthesis was greatly reduced when nonradioactive CTP was added to an assay mixture, suggesting feedback inhibition. A TLC procedure has been developed that allows for the direct separation of UTP and CTP without requiring prior conversion to the mononucleotide or nucleoside level.