cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Independence of memory for categorically different colors and shapes

Subjects carried out a difficult mental arithmetic task while viewing five colored forms. After a variable delay period, they indicated whether a randomly selected test item had a new color or shape aspect. If the test item appeared old in both aspects, then the subject indicated whether or not color and shape were conjoined as at inspection (Experiment 1). Correct mental arithmetic and recognition responses qualified the subject for monetary rewards. In Experiment 2, subjects were attentionally primed to the color or shape dimension and were asked to indicate if the test item was old or new along that dimension. The nonattended dimension acted either as a recognition facilitator or as a distractor. The stimulus features were categorically different within dimensions, and naming was inhibited by resource competition from the arithmetic task. Under these conditions, complete independence of the visually mediated memory for form and color was observed. In Experiment 1, memory for color-shape conjunctions was totally absent, and in Experiment 2, neither facilitation nor inhibition was observed as the nonattended dimension was varied.
Comparability of CT-based and TRUS-based prostate volumes.

Abstract Purpose: To compare the prostate volumes defined by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) versus computed tomographic (CT) scans used for brachytherapy planning. Methods and Materials: Ten unselected patients underwent evaluation for prostate brachytherapy with TRUS and CT imaging. Axial prostate contours were obtained at 5-mm intervals in both studies. The CT images were photographed, scanned into a commercial software program, and reprinted from a laser printer at 600 dots per inch to provide individual images that were interpreted independently by the three physician authors (BK, KW, and JB). An effort was made to exclude pelvic floor muscles from the defined prostate contour. Volumes were calculated in cubic centimeters. The prostate volume and maximum dimension in each plane were compared for each imaging modality. Results: The CT-based prostate volumes ranged from 31.1 cc to 48.1 cc. The TRUS-based volumes ranged from 26.6 cc to 46.4 cc. There was close agreement between imaging modalities ( r = 0.9). The anterior–posterior, lateral, and craniocaudal prostatic dimensions were similar between modalities. To test for consistency between observers, the CT volumes were drawn independently by KB, KW, and JB. The prostatic measurements were consistent in all dimensions between observers. Conclusion: CT scan volumes and measurements correlate well with those obtained by TRUS, and are appropriate for pre- or postimplant dosimetry.
35.1: Invited Paper: Quantum Dot Light Emitting Devices for Pixelated Full Color Displays

Quantum dot light emitting devices (QD-LEDs) developed over the past four years demonstrate high external quantum efficiencies, saturated visible color emission, narrow-band infra-red emission, and can be fabricated with a scalable fabrication technique of high resolution. These recent advancements of QD-LED technology are due to progress in the chemistry of colloidal quantum dot synthesis and the development of new fabrication methods for generating thin films of QDs as outlined in this letter.
Massive memory organizations for implementing neural networks

A single-input multiple-data architecture which has n processing elements and n/sup 2/ memory modules arranged in an n*n array is presented. This massive memory is used to store the weights of the neural network being simulated. It is shown how networks with sparse connectivity among neurons can be simulated in O( square root n+e) time. where n is the number of neurons and e the number of interconnections in the network. Preprocessing is carried out on the connection matrix of the sparse network resulting in data movement that has an optimal asymptotic time complexity and a small constant factor. >
INVESTMENT PRIORITIES IN SOVIET REGIONS

ABSTRACT The rate of capital return and marginal capital product in Soviet industry are estimated by geographic areas to discover whether the regional allocation of investment, particularly industrial capital, in the 1960s was guided by considerations of capital and labor productivity or by other motives. The underindustrialized western regions, where capital and labor productivity are satisfactory or high, have been slighted in favor of more easterly provinces. Regional investment allocation in recent years has been a subject of considerable disagreement. Proposals for regional specialization and large-scale projects for the exploitation of natural resources tend to divide Soviet scholars into pro-Siberian and pro-European factions.
Lack of acidification in Mycobacterium phagosomes produced by exclusion of the vesicular proton-ATPase

The success of Mycobacterium species as pathogens depends on their ability to maintain an infection inside the phagocytic vacuole of the macrophage. Although the bacteria are reported to modulate maturation of their intracellular vacuoles, the nature of such modifications is unknown. In this study, vacuoles formed around Mycobacterium avium failed to acidify below pH 6.3 to 6.5. Immunoelectron microscopy of infected macrophages and immunoblotting of isolated phagosomes showed that Mycobacterium vacuoles acquire the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP-1, but not the vesicular proton-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) responsible for phagosomal acidification. This suggests either a selective inhibition of fusion with proton-ATPase-containing vesicles or a rapid removal of the complex from Mycobacterium phagosomes.
PoCoMo: projected collaboration using mobile devices

As personal projection devices become more common they will be able to support a range of exciting and unexplored social applications. We present a novel system and method that enables playful social interactions between multiple projected characters. The prototype consists of two mobile projector-camera systems, with lightly modified existing hardware, and computer vision algorithms to support a selection of applications and example scenarios. Our system allows participants to discover the characteristics and behaviors of other characters projected in the environment. The characters are guided by hand movements, and can respond to objects and other characters, to simulate a mixed reality of life-like entities.
Studies on the flight mechanism of insects. I. The electrophysiology of fibrillar flight muscle.

Fibrillar type flight muscle powers the flight machinery of the more phylogenetically advanced groups of flying insects. A comparison of responses from single fibers in insects from various orders having fibrillar muscle reveals fundamental differences. In single fibers of flies and wasps the response to a single threshold stimulus is an all-or-none, uniformly rising, in most cases overshooting action potential. Beetles give variable responses, some of which appear similar to the type mentioned above, and others which summate and facilitate. Some of the latter responses vary with time in a cyclic manner, and some are altered by the intensity of the stimulus. Further differences appear when the two types of muscle are exposed to ether and carbon dioxide. In the wasp and fly ether produces a neuromuscular block, while CO2 effects a rapid depolarization of the resting fiber membrane. Both reactions are completely reversible. The electrical responses of beetle muscle are somewhat affected but only by massive doses. The implications of these data are discussed relative to the existence of fibrillar muscle "types."
Comparison of four methods of applying insecticides for control of wireworms on potatoes.

Preplant broadcast, at-plant sidedress, seed-piece furrow, and postemergence sidedress were tested as methods of applying insecticides for control of the Pacific Coast wireworm, Limonius canus LeConte, the sugarbeet wireworm, L. californicus (Mannerheim), and the Great Basin wireworm, Ctenicera pruinina (Horn), on potatoes. Differences in control were found for the various insecticides applied by the four methods at the three locations. Also, chemicals applied by a given method differed, depending on location. In general, all chemicals were as effective as fonofos, which was used as a standard, at all three locations, except carbofuran, chlorpyrifos G, and fensulfothion G. Carbofuran was tested at rates higher than those of fonofos, and chlorpyrifos G was tested at rates comparable to those of fonofos. Fensulfothion G, also used at rates higher than those of fonofos, gave control comparable to fonofos against a high density of wireworms, but less control against a low density. Comparison of the application methods with the standard showed that all four were equally effective against a low density of wireworms; however, against higher densities, at-plant sidedress was inferior to the other three methods, which were equally effective.
Molecular thermodynamics for fluids at low and high densities. Part I: Pure fluids containing small or large molecules

A correlation is presented for the thermodynamic properties of pure fluids containing small or large molecules. The residual Helmholtz energy is given in terms of perturbed-hard-chain (PHC) theory, extended to polar fluids with a multipolar expansion. The novel feature of this correlation is a separation of the Helmholtz energy into low-density and high-density contributions. The low-density contribution follows from a virial expansion and the high-density contribution from a perturbation expansion. For intermediate densities, a continuous function is used to interpolate between the two density limits. This modification of PHC theory improves agreement with experimental second virial coefficients, vapor pressures, and saturated liquid densities. Since all molecular parameters used here have a well-defined physical significance, they can be reliably estimated for high-molecular-weight-fluids where experimental data are scarce. More important, separation into low-density and high-density contributions allows separate mixing rules for each density region; this flexibility in mixing rules significantly improves representation of mixture properties, as discussed in Part II.
Evolution of Binary Compact Objects That Merge

Beginning from massive binaries in the Galaxy, we evolve black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) binaries and binary neutron stars, such as the Hulse-Taylor system PSR 1913+16. The new point in our evolution is a quantitative calculation of the accretion of matter by a neutron star in a common-envelope evolution that sends it into a black hole. We calculate the mass of the latter to be ~2.4 M☉. The black hole fate of the first neutron star can only be avoided if the neutron star does not go through common-envelope evolution. This can be realized if the two massive binaries are sufficiently close in mass, not more than ~5% apart, so that they burn helium at the same time. Then their common hydrogen envelope is expelled by the tightening in the double He star system, with attendant hydrodynamical coupling to the envelope. In this way, we obtain a rate of 10-5 per yr per galaxy for production of the narrow neutron star binaries, such as Hulse-Taylor 1913+16 or Wolszczan 1934+12. This is in agreement with estimates based on the observed number of such systems extrapolated to the entire Galaxy, with beaming factors and corrections for the ~90% of binary pulsars estimated to be unobservable. Our chief conclusion is that the production rate for BH-NS binaries (in which the neutron star is unrecycled) is ~10-4 per yr per galaxy, an order of magnitude greater than that of neutron star binaries. Not only should this result in a factor of ~10 more mergings for gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO, but the signal should also be larger. We include some discussion of why BH-NS binaries have not been observed, but conclude that they should be actively searched for.
Codes to unmask spectrum violators in cognitive radio systems

The advent of frequency-agile radios holds the potential for improving the utilization of spectrum by allowing wireless systems to dynamically adapt their spectral footprint based on the local conditions. The gains result from shifting some responsibility for avoiding harmful interference from the static ldquoregulatory layerrdquo to layers that can adapt at runtime. However, this leaves open the major problem of how to enforce/incentivize compliance. We propose a ldquolight-handedrdquo regulation framework where we examine this and focus on assigning liability by detecting the culprits. The key idea is to have the identity of the guilty parties revealed when their signatures appear in the interference pattern. Previously, we only considered a simplistic deterministic scenario. In this paper, we extend the analysis to a more realistic scenario to account for probabilistic collisions, background wireless losses as well as adversarial non deterministic transmission of the guilty parties. We derive converse and achievable bounds on the total system capacity and quantify the fundamental tradeoffs between the various system parameters. The quality of regulatory guarantees is expressed by the time required to convict the guilty, the number of potential cognitive systems that can be supported, the number of simultaneously guilty parties that can be resolved and the potential average utilization provided for the secondary systems. We also quantify the tradeoff between stealthiness and actual utilization when culprits purposely trade their utilization to make it harder for the primary system to identify them.
Pravastatin Sodium, a New Hmg-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

The rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis is controlled by the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Inhibitors of this enzyme lower serum cholesterol very efficiently by increasing cellular uptake of cholesterol-rich, low-density lipoproteins. Pravastatin, a derivative of mevastatin and in the same class as lovastatin, lowers total cholesterol concentrations by 20-30 percent in patients with hypercholesterolemia. In patients who also have hypertriglyceridemia, serum triglyceride levels are decreased. Detailed pharmacokinetic data and long-term adverse-effect experience with pravastatin are extremely limited. The issue of tissue-selectivity for pravastatin has given rise to the marketing terminology "second-generation" HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, but any clinical advantage of pravastatin over other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors remains to be demonstrated.
Asexual Propagation of Grapevine Transmits Pierce’s Disease Pathogen (Xylella fastidiosa) to Rooted Cuttings

ABSTRACTAn objective of this study was to investigate rooting success of grape cuttings propagated from vines symptomatic of Pierce’s disease. Additional objectives were to assess if rooted cuttings could survive and produce viable plants, and determine if Xylella fastidiosa (causal agent of Pierce’s disease) could be found in rooted cuttings. In Jan. 2008, cuttings were taken from symptomatic and asymptomatic ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevines growing in the Hill Country and Gulf Coast regions of Texas. Six weeks after cuttings were propagated, each cutting was uprooted and evaluated for rooting and infection parameters. Cuttings were then planted in containers and held in the greenhouse to evaluate survivability. To confirm the presence of X. fastidiosa, propagated cuttings were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data indicate several rooted cuttings tested positive for X. fastidiosa and appeared viable and healthy. Therefore, vines infected with X. fastidiosa have the ability to p...
Characterizing Key Components of a Medical Home Among Rural Adolescents.

Abstract Purpose Adolescents in rural areas have higher unmet medical needs and receive fewer preventive health care visits than their urban counterparts. This community health assessment aimed to describe adolescent experiences of key components of a medical home in rural Washington. Methods A cross-sectional survey using questions from two validated measures was created with input from a community advisory group using community-based participatory research principles. The survey was administered to a convenience sample of high-school students in one rural town. Responses within each medical home domain were grouped to create composite scores. Linear and logistic regression analyses identified characteristics associated with receiving medical home services. Results A total of 217 adolescents aged 13–19 years completed the survey. Eighty-five percent identified as Latino/Hispanic. Respondents described usually or always feeling listened to by providers (80%), respected by providers (89%), and welcomed at their clinic (79%). Fewer reported having a personal health provider (56%), meeting alone with a provider (56%), or knowing the visit was confidential (60%). Those who identified having a primary provider had 2.48 greater odds (95% confidence interval = 1.13–5.45) of reporting a well visit in the previous year and had higher composite scores for compassionate and patient-centered care. Conclusions This sample of rural adolescents reported receiving many characteristics of a medical home but had limited experience with personal providers and confidential services. Improving adolescent access to confidential care may be especially important in small, rural communities. The association of a primary provider with improved medical home experience highlights this key characteristic in an adolescent medical home.
Estimating sales and sales market share from sales rank data for consumer appliances

Abstract Our motivation in this work is to find an adequate probability distribution to fit sales volumes of different appliances. This distribution allows for the translation of sales rank into sales volume. This paper shows that the log-normal distribution and specifically the truncated version are well suited for this purpose. We demonstrate that using sales proxies derived from a calibrated truncated log-normal distribution function can be used to produce realistic estimates of market average product prices, and product attributes. We show that the market averages calculated with the sales proxies derived from the calibrated, truncated log-normal distribution provide better market average estimates than sales proxies estimated with simpler distribution functions.
The Tule Billbug

The adult Tule Billbug sometimes injures small grains in California by eating into the stems near the head. The immature stages have been found only in the rootstocks of the tule. There is only one annual generation. The eggs are laid in spring and in early summer, in the mud surrounding the tule roots and sometimes in the tule stems. They hatch in 10 to 13 days. The larvae burrow in the rootstocks during summer and fall, pupating in cells formed at the end of their burrows in fall or early winter. Some change in about 20 days to adults which hibernate in the pupal cells and some hibernate as pupae. Adults emerge in spring and are abroad until late summer. They are strong fliers. Eradication of the tules is the only known means of control.
A Longitudinal Study of French Attitudes on Accepting Bribes

This study examines French views on the ethics of bribe taking. The World Values data from the oldest and most recent wave of surveys were used, which span a generation (1981 to 2006). Several key demographic variables were also examined for each wave to determine whether there were any significant differences. The study found that there were several significant differences in the demographic variables, and also that opposition to bribe taking has increased over time.
Determination of trace bromate in drinking water by Large volume direct injection ion chromatography method

Objective:To establish a large volume direct injection ion chromatography method for conductivity detection of bromate in drinking water.Methods: Dionex ICS-2000 ion chromatography,EGCⅡKOH eluent generator,Dionex Ionpac AS19 analytical column,DS6 thermal conductivity detector and ASRS300 anion suppressor were involved in this method.The 10 mmol/L~35 mmol/L KOH was used for gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.00 ml/min,and the injection volume was 500 μl.Results: It was obtained from the experiment that the correlation coefficient was 0.9999,precision was RSD2%,average recoveries were between 95.0%~107% and the minimum detection limit was 5 μg/L.Conclusion: The method has the advantages of simple operation,rapidness,high sensitivity,good reproducibility,which can be used for the analysis of trace bromate in drinking water.
Ergometry as a predictor of basic military training success.

One hundred U.S. Air Force recruits were administered the cycle ergometry test to determine their aerobic fitness and timed on a 2-mile run before beginning the physical conditioning phase of training. The estimated oxygen consumption (vO2) was calculated for all trainees completing the ergometry test. The mean estimated vO2 for those successfully completing basic military training (BMT) on schedule was 27.95 +/- 1.74 ml/kg/minute, whereas the mean estimated vO2 for those not completing the program on schedule was 32.94 +/- 3.55 ml/kg/minute (not statistically different). For the 2-mile run, the times ranged from 14 minutes 17 seconds to 29 minutes 11 seconds. The mean run time for those completing BMT on schedule was 22 minutes 28.15 seconds +/- 25.79 seconds, compared to 21 minutes 19.46 seconds +/- 1 minute 26.30 seconds for those not completing the program on schedule (not statistically different). Neither relative risk nor chi-square calculations were statistically significant. No significant associations between run times or a passing cycle ergometry score at the beginning of BMT and successful completion of BMT were found.
Müllerian agenesis in the presence of anorectal malformations in female newborns: a diagnostic challenge.

Rectovestibular fistula is the most common type of anomaly found in a female newborn with anorectal malformation. However, when the baby is found to have two orifices in the introitus, rectovaginal fistula is much less common and suspected. The rare differential diagnosis of Mullerian agenesis, a condition in which the rectum shifts anteriorly and the vagina is absent, is seldom considered. In many cases, the diagnosis of Mullerian agenesis is made only during definitive anorectoplasty. In view of its impact on management, a proper examination under anaesthesia, imaging studies and a diagnostic laparoscopy may be required to confirm the presence or absence of Mullerian structures in such patients. We herein describe a patient with the rare coexistence of VACTERL association and Mullerian agenesis, and discuss the management of anorectal malformations in female patients with Mullerian agenesis.
Induction motor drives

With more than 85% of electrical motors, induction motors (IMs) dominate the market for electrical motors and consume more than 60% of total industrial electricity across the globe [1]. Their extensive use is a result of their strong low-cost design along with their reliability and cheap maintenance. IMpopularity is not limited to certain applications and IMs are used in a variety of applications with different requirements and constraints. Therefore, control of IMs is regarded as an important field of study ever since introduced. IM drives aim for better efficiency and reliability for IM to achieve more economical operation and to help in energy saving.
Using Expert Systems (ES) and Artificial Neural Systems (ANS) to Evaluate Serial Coronary Arteriograms in the POSCH Study

The evaluation of clinical data with a significant visual component such as coronary arteriograms are often considered unsuitable for artificial intelligence technology. The Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemis (POSCH) tested expert systems (ES) and artificial neural systems (ANS) (back propagation) as a way of partially automating the clinical evaluation of a pair of serial coronary arteriograms taken three or more years apart. The manual reading of the films was still necessary, but can be done by a trained technician since it involves limited clinical interpretation. The clinical judgment aspects were incorporated into the ES and ANS.
Memories of Everyday Life in Communist Bulgaria: Negotiating Identity in Immigrant Narratives

The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the end of the communist era and the political and economic structures that supported it. Yet, for many Eastern Europeans communism was not a monolithic “Evil Empire” but their “normal” way of life. This paper focuses on the narratives of Bulgarian immigrants to the US about experiences that formed the fabric of everyday life in communist Bulgaria. The informants in this study are not political immigrants. They came to the US after 1989 in pursuit of educational and career goals and claim to have had “average” lives in Bulgaria. However, they belong to a generation that came of age in the last years of communist rule in Bulgaria and have a unique perspective on that period. The analysis approaches memory and identity as narrative constructions that are constantly renewed, struggled over, and adapted to the present context. In exploring this instability, the paper seeks to identify common patterns among the stories told by immigrants, which represent pieces of the collective memory of ordinary life under communism in Bulgaria.
The role of simulation in teaching sinus surgery in otolaryngology residency: A survey of rhinologists.

BACKGROUND Simulation is currently recognized as an effective surgical training tool. However, no standardized curriculum exists for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) simulation training. The goal of this study was to obtain an understanding of current ESS simulation use to aid the future development of an ESS training curriculum. METHODS A 14-question survey regarding sinus simulation in residency training was developed through the education committee of the American Rhinologic Society. The survey was administered to academic American Rhinologic Society members in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. The participants provided information regarding the type, amount, and effectiveness of simulation use in their residency program. RESULTS Responses were received from 67 training programs; 45% of the programs endorsed using simulation training, although only 23.9% used ESS simulation, and all the programs used cadavers. Only 12.5% of respondent programs required ESS simulation training before operating on live patients, and trainees had an average of <6 hours of simulation training before live operations. A majority of respondents observed subjective improvement in residents' endoscope handling, dexterity, and understanding of anatomy after ESS simulation. The greatest obstacles identified were associated cost and lack of realistic simulators. CONCLUSION A majority of responders observed improved surgical technique and knowledge in residents after simulation training. However, <25% of the survey responders used ESS simulation and cited cost and limited availability as the most common barriers. A curriculum of validated simulators has potential to improve the quality of ESS training during residency.
Should Trump Bother with an Education Agenda

ABSTRACTThe principal opportunities awaiting the Trump administration in K–12 education are only loosely related to the candidate’s campaign comments about advancing school choice and reducing the federal Education Department. Recent passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act signals that Congress will be loath to re-open the major federal K-12 programs for amendment. Bright opportunities away in connection with the Perkins Act, special education and the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), as well as various domains--beginning with the Office for Civil Rights--that beg for strategic deregulation.
Satellite propulsion spectral signature detection and analysis

Space Situational Awareness (SSA) is of utmost importance in today's space dependent, congested and contested environment. The health of a propulsion system is vital to ensure proper function and thus proper mission placement. Electric propulsion is gaining popularity for satellite propulsion systems due to higher efficiencies, specific impulse, and the savings it offers in both spacecraft mass and launch costs. Electron temperature is a commonly used diagnostic to determine the efficiency of a Hall thruster. Recent papers have coordinated near infrared (NIR) spectral measurements of ionization lines in xenon and krypton to electron temperature measurements. This research will characterize NIR plume emissions for a 600 Watt Hall thruster using both xenon and krypton propellants for a variety of observation angles and operating power levels. By determining spectral differences when altering these variables, it would be possible to identify angle, power level, and propellant in order to provide information on electron temperature and thus efficiency. Although they have a high specific impulse, electric propulsion systems provide lower thrust than chemical alternatives. This means that the firing times needed for spacecraft maneuvers can be on the order of hours to months. This provides an opportunity for this characterization to not only be put to use in chamber experiments but on-orbit as well. Ground-based observations of these spectral lines would allow for identification of the type of thruster as well as the health of the system while the satellite is in operation on-orbit. The current SSA architecture is limited and task saturated. If smaller telescopes, like those at universities, could successfully detect these signatures they could augment data collection for the SSA network. To facilitate data collection, precise atmospheric modeling must be used to identify the signature. Within the atmosphere, the NIR has a higher transmission rate and typical HET propellants are approximately 3x the intensity in the NIR versus the visible spectrum making it ideal for ground based observations. This research will combine emission measurements with atmospheric and plume models to develop a single end-to-end model that will determine xenon and krypton signatures through the atmosphere, discernable differences in power level and viewing angle of Hall thruster systems, and estimate the efficacy through ground-based observations.
Role Assignment in High Fidelity Patient Simulation and the Effects on Nursing Students’ Self-Efficacy Development:

Previous studies have evaluated the effectiveness of high fidelity patient simulators (HFPS) on nursing training. However, a gap exists on the effects of role assignment in multiple-student simulat...
Novel Measurement of Anisotropie Thermal Diffusivity

We describe a method for the measurement of thermal diffusivity of anisotropic materials. The technique uses a single pulse of light from a flashlamp on the front surface of a slap of material, part of which is shadowed by a rectangular mask. By fitting the measured rear surface temperature distributions as a function of time and space to a theoretical model, we obtain the thermal diffusivities in three orthogonal directions.
Towards an understanding of dynamics among teachers, teacher leaders, and administrators in a teacher-led school reform

A substantial amount of professional development and implementation has moved towards teachers and teacher leaders in recent years. Previous works have examined how teachers, teacher leaders, or administrators perceive teacher leadership in school reforms, but few have advanced all three perspectives simultaneously. Drawing upon over 200 interviews, we examine how leadership is distributed and the tensions and dynamics arising among these three groups in a teacher-led school reform. Two main themes emerged from our analysis: minimizing conflicts with teachers was important to teacher leaders, and the distribution of leadership between administrators and teacher leaders changed the status and normative roles of teacher leaders.
Dark Count Rate, Excess Voltage, and Soliton vs Sinusoidal Gating of InGaAs/InP SPAD

In this paper, the effect of soliton gating and excess voltage of Geiger mode SPAD is examined. Simulated results are compared to experimental work with sinusoidal gating. Results show slight reduction in DCR using soliton.
Interpreting Aerodynamics of a Transonic Impeller from Static Pressure Measurements

This paper investigates the aerodynamics of a transonic impeller using static pressure measurements. The impeller is a high-speed, high-pressure-ratio wheel used in small gas turbine engines. The experiment was conducted on the single stage centrifugal compressor facility in the compressor research laboratory at Purdue University. Data were acquired from choke to near-surge at four different corrected speeds (Nc) from 80% to 100% design speed, which covers both subsonic and supersonic inlet conditions. Details of the impeller flow field are discussed using data acquired from both steady and time-resolved static pressure measurements along the impeller shroud. The flow field is compared at different loading conditions, from subsonic to supersonic inlet conditions. The impeller performance was strongly dependent on the inducer, where the majority of relative diffusion occurs. The inducer diffuses flow more efficiently for inlet tip relative Mach numbers close to unity, and the performance diminishes at other Mach numbers. Shock waves emerging upstream of the impeller leading edge were observed from 90% to 100% corrected speed, and they move towards the impeller trailing edge as the inlet tip relative Mach number increases. There is no shock wave present in the inducer at 80% corrected speed. However, a high-loss region near the inducer throat was observed at 80% corrected speed resulting in a lower impeller efficiency at subsonic inlet conditions.
Chemistry Education Research—From Personal Empiricism to Evidence, Theory, and Informed Practice

This Review of Chemistry Education Research (CER) provides an overview of the development of research in chemistry education from the early days, when ideas about how to teach chemistry and help students learn were guided by practitioner wisdom, to current research that is based on theories of learning and provides evidence from which to make arguments about improving teaching and learning. We introduce the dominant learning theories that have guided CER over the years and attempt to show how they have been integrated into modern research in chemistry education. We also provide examples of how this research can be used to inform the development and use of educational materials. Because CER literature is vast, we chose to limit the research we reviewed to those studies that help us answer three driving questions: (1) What should students know and be able to do with that knowledge? (2) How will we know that students have developed a coherent and useful understanding of chemistry? (3) What evidence do we hav...
Affine Generalized Inverse for Optimal Control Allocation

This research is a follow on to the "Optimal Control Prediction Method for Control Allocation" paper in which the Prediction Method iterative algorithm was introduced. Previously, the Prediction Method was shown to provide optimal control allocation solutions over the entire Attainable Moment Set for the Moore-Penrose and the generalized (weighted) inverse. As an extension to the Prediction Method, this paper introduces a family of Moore Penrose Affine Generalized Inverses, applicable for all moments, which compute control allocation solutions using a constant matrix and fixed null-space vector. The Moore-Penrose Affine Generalized Inverse is proven to yield equivalent solutions to those of the Prediction Method and therefore is guaranteed to yield Moore-Penrose optimal control allocation solutions. While the Prediction Method is applicable for any moment along an a priori specified moment direction, the Affine Generalized Inverse is shown to yield optimal control allocation solutions in a neighborhood of the given moment which is not restricted to a specified moment direction. Furthermore, the Affine Generalized Inverse is shown to provide the time derivative of optimal control allocation solutions and to facilitate maintaining solutions within control effector rate limitations. The Moore-Penrose Affine Generalized Inverse is broadened to encompass any arbitrary (weighted) Affine Generalized Inverse. Finally, a method of creating a moment lookup table is outlined to utilize the Affine Generalized Inverse as an offline control allocation solution for all moments in the Attainable Moment Set.
UAVNet Simulation in UAVSim: A Performance Evaluation and Enhancement

Several works have been done to design a simulation testbed for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in order to simulate the UAV Network (UAVNet) in a cost-effective manner. Our previously developed UAVSim is one of those attempts and has the capability of simulating large UAV networks as well while giving detailed results in terms of mobility modeling, traffic measurements, attack analysis, etc. The usefulness of such a simulation testbed cannot be guaranteed unless it is hardware independent. Therefore, we present a performance evaluation of such a recently developed software simulation testbed, UAVSim, using traditional and generic hardware available in any regular computer laboratory, in order to show its usefulness in an academic research setup. We show performances for two different environments for two separate machines. Results show that the simulation time is quite predictable and reasonable for a particular network size.
Arbitrator Power to Sanction Bad Faith Conduct: Can it Be Limited by the Arbitration Agreement?

To what extent can the parties to an arbitration agreement limit an arbitrator’s power to impose sanctions? Because the arbitrator’s power arises from the agreement of the parties, it would seem that if the parties placed an express limitation on the arbitrator’s power in the arbitration clause, the arbitrator could not exceed that limitation. However, in ReliaStar Life Ins. Co. of N.Y. v. EMC Nat’l Life Ins. Co., the Second Circuit upheld an arbitrator’s decision imposing attorneys’ fees on one party, despite an express provision in the arbitration clause that each party would bear its own costs and fees. The arbitrator’s decision to allocate fees against the losing party was based on his conclusion that the party acted in bad faith. In upholding the award, the Second Circuit reasoned that the parties’ agreement about equal allocation of costs and fees could be fairly understood as based upon “the expected context of good faith dealings.” Thus, because the assumption underlying the agreement was that both parties would act in good faith, when one party did not act in good faith, the clause did not prevent the tribunal from imposing a sanction. In dictum, the Second Circuit declared that if parties clearly wanted to limit an arbitrator’s power, they could do so by stating explicitly that a reallocation of costs would not be permissible even if there were a finding of bad faith. Although the Second Circuit’s basic decision seems justified, its dictum saying that parties could contract out of certain sanctions for bad faith conduct appears more problematic, given the mandatory obligation under state law for parties to act in good faith.
“Simple-Dimple” Lateral Tarsus Fixation

This procedure is useful in entropion repair when there is a small amount of lid laxity that does not warrant a tarsal strip. I will describe a suture fixation technique that stabilizes the lateral aspect of the tarsus to the firmly attached pretarsal muscle at the lateral orbital rim. I use this technique whenever there is minimal lid laxity.
Betz, Nancy E. (Ed.). (1986). The g factor in employment (Special issue). Journal of Vocational Behavior, 29(3)

(1988). Betz, Nancy E. (Ed.). (1986). The g factor in employment (Special issue). Journal of Vocational Behavior, 29(3) Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 35-35.
The role of cardiac biomarkers in cardio-oncology

Major advances in cancer therapy have resulted in an unprecedented improvement in patient survival for many cancers. Partially as a consequence of increased longevity, it has become evident that the cardiovascular system is frequently impacted by chemotherapy, radiation, and particularly certain targeted therapy. Cardiotoxicity continues to be a dose-limiting side effect of many chemotherapeutic agents including the anthracyclines. Early identification of patients at increased risk of cardiotoxicity or detecting cardiac injury at the earliest point will allow for initiation of cardio-protective strategies and hopefully prevent or reduce the need to modify life-saving cancer therapies. Biomarkers offer a potential solution to this clinical challenge because they may assist us in early identification of subclinical cardiac disease. In this review, we will summarize studies conducted evaluating the use of cardiac troponins (TnI, TnT) and natriuretic peptides, BNP and NT-proBNP. Other biomarkers for cardiotoxicity that have been at least preliminarily investigated, including myeloperoxidase and microRNAs, will be discussed as an exploratory tool for evidence of cardiac dysfunction during cancer treatment.
Solubility of iron in spent pickling solutions

Iron solubilities in spent pickling (HF-HNO3-H2O) solutions were determined as a function of HF and HNO3 acid concentrations. A chemical analysis of the industrial pickling solutions and sludges was performed. The stable phases observed in the sludges are FeF3·3H2O and (FeCr)F3·3H2O. Pure Fe metal, AISI 316 stainless steel and AISI 416 stainless steel were used in this study. The results show that the solubility of Fe increased as the concentrations of HF increased in the pickling solution at a fixed concentration of HNO3. A reasonable agreement between the experimental solubility data and the theoretical calculated data was obtained. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the solid solubility product formed in the ternary solution containing pure Fe is mainly at a high pH value, FeO(OH) compounds and, at a low pH value, FeF33H2O compounds.
Poly(ADP-ribose) Engages the TDP-43 Nuclear-Localization Sequence to Regulate Granulo-Filamentous Aggregation

TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) forms granulo-filamentous aggregates in affected brain regions of >95% of patients with ALS and ∼50% of patients with frontotemporal degeneration (FTD). Furthermore, in disease, TDP-43 becomes N-terminally truncated resulting in protein deposits that are mainly composed of the C-terminal prion-like domain (PrLD). The PrLD is inherently aggregation-prone and is hypothesized to drive protein aggregation of TDP-43 in disease. Here, we establish that the N-terminal region of the protein is critical for rapid TDP-43 granulo-filamentous aggregation. We show that the biopolymer poly(ADP-ribose), or PAR, inhibits granulo-filamentous aggregation of TDP-43 by engaging PAR-binding motifs (PBMs) embedded in the TDP-43 nuclear-localization sequence. We demonstrate that progressive N-terminal truncation of TDP-43 can decelerate aggregation kinetics and promote formation of thread-like filaments. Thus, the N-terminal region and the PBMs of TDP-43 promote rapid granulo-filamentous aggregation and antagonize formation of thread-like fibrils. These findings illustrate the complexity of TDP-43 aggregation trajectories.
Interventional Strategies for Pain in Older Adults

Pain management in older adults can be quite complex, as one must consider an older person’s cognitive deficits, functional capacity, physical disability, fall risk, and organ function or dysfunction thereof. The most common method of pain control in the ever-increasing elderly population is pharmacotherapy as reported both by patients and their physicians. As a preponderance of patients is placed on multiple pharmacological agents including inflammatory, neuropathic, antidepressant, and opioid medications, the elderly are becoming subject to the complex interactions and risks associated with polypharmacy. Hence, the importance of interventional strategies in these individuals is increasingly being recognized as part of a multimodal approach to pain management. In his review, Ozyalcin proposed that when weak opioids have proven unsuccessful, therapeutic nerve blocks or low-risk neuroablative pain procedures should be employed to help reduce the need for, the medication intake of, and the side effects of stronger opioids. Freedman also agreed that effective pain management in the elderly may be achieved through a multimodal approach with invasive techniques as well as medication and psychological therapy. While there is controversy regarding the efficacy of interventional pain techniques, the quality of medical literature on the specific usefulness of these techniques in the elderly remains relatively poor.
EVA: an evolutionary architecture for network virtualization

Network virtualization has enabled new business models by allowing infrastructure providers to lease or share their physical infrastructure. A fundamental network management problem that infrastructure providers face to support customized virtual network services is the Virtual Network Embedding (VNE). This requires solving the (NP-hard) problem of matching constrained virtual networks onto the physical network. In this paper, we propose EVA, an architecture that solves the virtual network embedding problem with evolutionary algorithms. By tuning the fitness function and several other policies and parameters, EVA adapts to different types of network topologies and virtualization environments. We compared a few representative policies of EVA with recent virtual network embedding and virtual network function chain allocation solutions; our findings show how with EVA we obtain higher acceptance ratio performance as well as quicker convergence time. We release our implementation code to allow researchers to experiment with evolutionary policy programmability.
Comparison of Bupivacaine and Lidocaine: General Anesthetic Potency and Therapeutic Index

From studies in rats, the plasma concentration and percent reduction of minimum anesthetic requirement (MAC) produced by bupivacaine were determined. In addition, mean convulsant blood levels of bupivacaine and lidocaine for the rat were determined. It was concluded that bupivacaine, a local anesthetic relatively devoid of the systemic effect of sedation, shows minimal general anesthetic potency as compared to lidocaine, despite its greater toxicity and potency as a local anesthetic.
Patent protection in developing countries and global welfare: WTO obligations versus flexibilities

Abstract This paper develops a North-South model to evaluate the South's incentive for patent protection when a Northern firm's investment in quality-enhancing research and development (R&D) is affected by its patent policy. The model is used to (a) evaluate the impact of requiring the South to fulfill its key WTO obligation of instituting patent protection and (b) to address the role of two major flexibilities that WTO members enjoy with respect to their patent policies: the freedom to implement exhaustion policies of their choosing and the right to use compulsory licensing (CL) subject to certain stipulations. Two forces drive the model: how much the firm invests in R&D and whether or not selling in the South maximizes its global profit. CL improves consumer access in the South and can even raise innovation and global welfare. Provided the South implements patent protection, innovation and welfare are higher if the North follows national as opposed to international exhaustion. However, the South's incentive for patent protection is not necessarily stronger under national exhaustion. Not only is CL more likely to be used under international exhaustion, the welfare gain resulting from its application is also higher relative to that under national exhaustion.
Mobility Limitation After Surgery for Degenerative Pathology of the Ankle, Hindfoot, and Midfoot vs Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background:Surgery for degenerative foot and ankle conditions often results in a lengthy recovery. Current outcome measures do not accurately assess postoperative mobility, especially in older pati...