cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coronary Artery Bypass: Review of Surgical Techniques and Impact on Long-Term Revascularization Outcomes

Coronary revascularization for multivessel disease remains a common and costly source of hospitalizations in the United States. Surgical techniques influence outcomes for coronary bypass and also affect the need for percutaneous coronary intervention in the future. As more radial access has been used for coronary angiography, consideration for use of the radial artery as a surgical conduit remains unclear. Saphenous vein grafts are commonly used for coronary bypass, however long-term patency remains suboptimal, and is also associated with a higher risk of adverse events with percutaneous coronary intervention. Thus, understanding the interplay between coronary bypass techniques and percutaneous coronary intervention has become increasingly important.
Data assimilation for modeling cavitation bubble dynamics

The original or modified Rayleigh Plesset equation (RPE) is often used to analyze cavitation bubble dynamics. The prediction accuracy of these equations is governed by the initial values of the physical parameters. However, even for higher fidelity models, deviations from experimental measurements are observed due to the models' underlying assumptions. Here, we present a novel state-observer data assimilation technique designed to fuse time-resolved cavitation bubble diameter measurements with a governing model to yield enhanced spatiotemporal prediction of the cavitation bubble dynamics. This technique places an observer variable in the original or modified RPE and uses a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control law on the difference between the predicted and measured cavitation bubble diameter. The data-assimilated modeling most accurately estimates the bubble diameter and far-field pressure as the deviation of bubble diameter and far-field pressure predictions from measurements decrease by up to 90% and 60%, respectively. Although the assimilated model is not a substitude for high fidelity models, this technique overcomes the inherent model assumptions, and make the model’s outputs more robust with respect to the physical parameters' initial values.
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incident dementia among older adults in Northern Manhattan

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Age-related cognitive decline is a growing public health issue as increases in life expectancy and the aging of the population are expected to raise the prevalence of cognitive ...
A Review of Recent Developments in Pumped Two-Phase Cooling Technologies for Electronic Devices

In this review, the heat transfer characteristics of several pumped two-phase electronic cooling technologies are quantitatively examined and compared on the basis of heat flux, coolant temperatures, heat source area, base temperature, and coolant type. Cooling by parallel flow in mini/microchannels, pin fins, spray cooling, and jet impingement are discussed in detail. Chip powers up to 2.9 kW and heat fluxes 910 W/cm2 were demonstrated. The different surface modification techniques used to enhance heat transfer in all four technologies are also presented. Various coolants used in two-phase cooling applications are also quantitatively compared in terms of heat transfer coefficient (HTC), wall temperature, and heat source area. The current issues and potential research in two-phase cooling were also discussed. Water cooling has really high performance in terms of HTC. However, it is challenging for scientists and engineers to implement two-phase cooling with water at wall temperature lower than 100 °C due to high boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure. Therefore, two-phase cooling with water can be implemented in types of electronics that can tolerate higher junction temperature. Although having lower HTC, due to lower boiling point at atmospheric pressure, dielectric coolant can be a promising solution in two-phase cooling when lower chip temperatures are required. Geometry optimization of heat sinks is a promising research topic and has not been studied extensively considering the geometry parameters and solid–liquid interaction that affect thermal and hydraulic performance.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Complex Innovative Trial Design Pilot Meeting Program: Progress to date:

BackgroundThe Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have been leaders in advancing science to protect...
Igniting the leadership spark in nursing students: leading the way

New graduate nurses are not always prepared for the challenges of the chaotic clinical environment, and often struggle to demonstrate sufficient clinical leadership skills. Facilitating the acquisition of leadership abilities in students will support the pursuit to generate competent nursing graduates fully prepared to effectively function in today's challenging healthcare environment. Nursing faculty need to implement more creative ways of introducing leadership qualities to nursing students. Nurse educators can be proactive in implementing leadership strategies for students, based on The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership: Model the Way, Inspire a Shared Vision, Challenge the Process, Enable Others to Act, and Encourage the Heart, as described by Kouzes and Posner. By continuing to "lead the way" for professional leadership skills in nursing students, nursing faculty can possibly expect leadership activities to emerge in settings in which the students practice.
Metabolic Demands of Heavy Metal Drumming

Background: The drum set involves dynamic movement of all four limbs. Motor control studies have been done on drum set playing, yet not much is known about the physiological responses to this activity. Even less is known about heavy metal drumming. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine metabolic responses and demands of heavy metal drumming. Methods: Five semi-professional male drummers (mean ± SD age = 27.4 ± 2.6 y, height = 177.2 ± 3.8 cm, body mass = 85.1 ± 17.8 kg) performed four prescribed and four self-selected heavy metal songs. Oxygen consumption (VO 2 ), minute ventilation (V E ) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured using a metabolic cart. Heart rate (HR) was measured using a heart rate monitor. VO 2max was determined using a graded cycle ergometer test. Results: The results indicated a metabolic cost of 6.3 ± 1.4 METs and heart rate of 145.1 ± 15.7 beats·min -1 (75.4 ± 8.3% of age-predicted HR max ). VO 2 peak values reached approximately 90% of the drummer’s VO 2max when performing at the fastest speeds. According to these results, heavy metal drumming may be considered vigorous intensity activity (≥ 6.0 METs). The relative VO 2max of 40.2 ± 9.5 mL·kg·min -1 leads to an aerobic fitness classification of “average” for adult males. Conclusions: The metabolic demands required during heavy metal drumming meet the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines for the development of health related fitness. Keywords : Drum set, Exercise physiology, VO 2 , Music
Mapping the interaction between factor VIII and von Willebrand factor by electron microscopy and mass spectrometry

Association with the D′D3 domain of von Willebrand factor (VWF) stabilizes factor VIII (FVIII) in the circulation and maintains it at a level sufficient to prevent spontaneous bleeding. We used negative-stain electron microscopy (EM) to visualize complexes of FVIII with dimeric and monomeric forms of the D′D3 domain. The EM averages show that FVIII interacts with the D′D3 domain primarily through its C1 domain, with the C2 domain providing a secondary attachment site. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry corroborated the importance of the C1 domain in D′D3 binding and implicates additional surface regions on FVIII in the interaction. Together, our results establish that the C1 domain is the major binding site on FVIII for VWF, reiterate the importance of the a3 acidic peptide in VWF binding, and suggest that the A3 and C2 domains play ancillary roles in this interaction.
No More Secret Laws: How Transparency of Executive Branch Legal Policy Doesn't Let the Terrorists Win

The rule of law in a democratic nation demands that the laws governing people are not secret.Yet parts of the executive branch's legal policy that govern aspects of the current war on terror are laid out in non-public opinions issued the Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel. Many of those opinions, which are almost always binding on the executive branch and are used to provide legal comfort to government officials in the form of protection against future investigation or prosecution, are still secret or were kept secret for years before being leaked or disseminated to Congress and the public. This Article assesses the historical pattern of politicization of executive branch legal policy in times of war or armed conflict and analyzes how secrecy in the development and implementation of legal policy compromises its quality and undermines public confidence in the integrity of executive branch constitutional interpretation. This Article critiques the lack of information disclosure from a domestic perspective and illustrates how other nations that face severe national security threats maintain greater transparency and accessibility in the development of legal policy, and thus a greater degree of integrity in their national security programs.
Man's Response to the Physical Environment

(1967). Man's Response to the Physical Environment. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 10-11.
Global genetic carrier testing: a vision for the future

Expanded genetic carrier testing is changing clinical practice. Current experience highlights the need for rigorous curation of tens of thousands of variants as to their pathogenicity and phenotypic effects. There is an urgent need for strategies to present a range of options to families to enable them to make informed decisions. The potential exists to avoid the great majority of serious inherited, but not de novo, single-gene disabilities.
SU-E-T-52: A New Device for Quality Assurance of a Single Isocenter Technique for the Simultaneous Treatment of Multiple Brain Metastases

Purpose: Comprehensive quality assurance (QA) of a single isocenter technique for the simultaneous treatment of multiple brain metastases is presently impractical due to the time consuming nature of measuring each lesion’s dose on film or with a micro-chamber. Three dimensional diode array and full field film measurements are sometimes used to evaluate these plans, but gamma analysis may not reveal local errors that have significant effects on one or a few of several targets. This work aimed to design, build and test a phantom to simplify comprehensive measurement and evaluation. Methods: A phantom was designed with 28 stackable slabs. The top and bottom slabs are 1.5 centimeters (cm) in thickness, and central 26 slabs are 0.5 cm thick. When assembled with radiochromic film in all 27 gaps, the phantom measures 16.5 x 15 x 19 cm. Etchings were designed to aide in identification of specific film planes on computed tomography (CT) images and correlation of individual PTVs with closest bisecting planes. Patient verification plans with a total of 16 PTVs were calculated on the phantom CT, and test deliveries both with and without couch kicks were performed to test the ability to identify correct film placements and subsequent PTV specific dose distributions on the films. Results: Bisecting planes corresponding to PTV locations were easily identified, and PTV specific dose distributions were clear for all 16 targets. For deliveries with couch kicks, the phantom PTV dose distributions closely approximated those calculated on the patient’s CT. For deliveries without couch kicks, PTV specific dosimetry was also possible, although the distributions had ‘ghosts’ equaling the number of couch kicks, with distance between ghosts increasing with distance from the isocenter. Conclusion: A new phantom facilitates fast comprehensive commissioning validation and PTV specific dosimetry for a single isocenter technique for treating multiple brain metastases. This work was partially funded by CIRS, Inc.
Modifications to the Near-Storm Environment Induced by Simulated Supercell Thunderstorms

AbstractThis study investigates the changes that simulated supercell thunderstorms impart on their surroundings. Supercells are simulated in a strongly sheared convective boundary layer comprising horizontal roll vortices. In sensitivity tests, the effects of cloud shading on the near-storm environment are explored through the removal of cloud ice, water, and hydrometeor effects on parameterized radiation. All of the simulated supercells increase the low-level shear in their proximal environment; however, this effect is more pronounced when cloud shading is included. Shading stabilizes the boundary layer beneath the cirrus anvil, diminishes boundary layer rolls and their attendant thermodynamic perturbations, and reduces the intensity of resolved turbulent mixing in the convective boundary layer. Anvil shading also acts to reduce the buoyancy of inflow air and the horizontal buoyancy gradient along the forward-flank outflow boundary.
A note on the sup norm of Eisenstein series

We prove a sup norm bound on the real-analytic Eisenstein series, of the form $E(z, 1/2 + iT) \ll T^{3/8 + \varepsilon}$, uniformly for $z$ in a fixed compact subset of $\mathbb{H}$.
A Long-Term Survivor of Disseminated Aspergillus and Mucorales Infection: An Instructive Case

Invasive fungal infections remain major causes of infection-related mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. Mixed infections and multiple organ involvement have been reported in these patients. Here, we report a case of mixed Aspergillus and Mucorales infection involving the lungs, brain, spleen and bone in a HSCT patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia, who finally improved with triple antifungal therapy and neurosurgical evacuation of brain abscesses. She was put on lifelong secondary prophylaxis with posaconazole with excellent compliance and no sign of toxicity despite over 10 years of drug administration. Serial galactomannan measurements and positron emission tomography/computed tomography were used and were helpful for disease activity monitoring. This is an instructive case of long-term survival after a severe combined mould infection.
Loving, liking, looking and sensation seeking in unmarried college couples

Abstract This study examined the relationships between sensation seeking or sensation seeking similarity and relationship satisfaction in college couples. Fifty-eight couples were tested with the Sensation Seeking Scale form V and the Loving and Liking Scales, and each couple was observed for eye gaze behavior. Eye gaze was found to be unrelated to the questionnaire measures of relationship involvement and a low but significant negative relationship was found between the female partner's love rating and mutual gaze and focus. As in previous research, couples' sensation seeking scores were significantly correlated, indicating tendencies toward assortative mating. However, only the women's relationship satisfaction scores were related to discrepancies in the couples' SSS scores. Individual sensation seeking scores correlated negatively with relationship satisfaction for both sexes. The latter effect was explained in terms of the high sensation seeker having a variety of interests outside of their primary relationships, and stronger tendencies for boredom and independence.
Efficient Execution Methods of Pivoting for Bulk Extraction of Entity-Attribute-Value-Modeled Data

Entity-attribute-value (EAV) tables are widely used to store data in electronic medical records and clinical study data management systems. Before they can be used by various analytical (e.g., data mining and machine learning) programs, EAV-modeled data usually must be transformed into conventional relational table format through pivot operations. This time-consuming and resource-intensive process is often performed repeatedly on a regular basis, e.g., to provide a daily refresh of the content in a clinical data warehouse. Thus, it would be beneficial to make pivot operations as efficient as possible. In this paper, we present three techniques for improving the efficiency of pivot operations: 1) filtering out EAV tuples related to unneeded clinical parameters early on; 2) supporting pivoting across multiple EAV tables; and 3) conducting multi-query optimization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques through implementation. We show that our optimized execution method of pivoting using these techniques significantly outperforms the current basic execution method of pivoting. Our techniques can be used to build a data extraction tool to simplify the specification of and improve the efficiency of extracting data from the EAV tables in electronic medical records and clinical study data management systems.
Ductile fatigue crack propagation in polycarbonate

Abstract Crack growth in thin polycarbonate sheets under cyclic loading is accompanied by a large zone of transformed (yielded) material. The homogeneous material transformation consumes energy and thus controls the rate of crack growth. The zone of transformed material deforms (i.e. expands and changes shape) with crack extension. A formalism for ductile fracture propagation analysis, based on the crack layer (CL) theory, is presented. This formalism relates kinetics of crack growth to the observed fracture mechanisms. In particular, resistance to crack propagation (toughness) is characterized by the product of the specific enthalpy of transformation γ∗ and the resistance moment R 1 representing the magnitude of material transformation accompanying crack growth. According to the CL theory, γ∗ is a material parameter which is found to be about 15 cal g −1 .
Thymic peptides as anti-aging drugs: effect of thymic hormones on immunity and life span.

(1990). Thymic Peptides as Anti-Aging Drugs: Effect of Thymic Hormones on Immunity and Life Span. International Journal of Neuroscience: Vol. 51, No. 3-4, pp. 371-372.
Factors associated with compliance following diabetic eye screening.

Abstract Compliance with screening recommendations was evaluated following an eye examination administered to a population-based sample of diabetic individuals (The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy). The relationship between certain characteristics and compliance with a recommendation to seek ophthalmologic follow-up care was examined among 819 study subjects found to have retinopathy at examination. Compliance with the screening recommendations was reported by 77% of all subjects, and was lowest among older-onset non-insulin taking subjects (65%). A history of opthalmologic care strongly influenced compliance. Subjects who had never seen an ophthalmologist were far less likely to follow the recommendation (50%) than were those who had seen an opthalmologist in the previous two years (87%). A previous diagnosis of retinopathy, and more severe retinopathy, were determinants of compliance among subjects taking insulin. Increasing duration of diabetes was also an important predictor. Better blood glucose control was found more frequently among subjects who received the recommended opthalmologic follow-up. Certain demographic factors, such as increasing age, higher education, and being a woman, were associated with compliance in the younger-onset group. Among older-onset non-insulin taking subjects, compliance was more likely if subjects were urban residents. In order to optimize the effectiveness of a screening program for diabetic eye disease, the results of this study might be used to identify subjects who may be unlikely to receive appropiate diagnosis and treatment following screening.
Developmental Changes Due to Long-Distance Movement of a Homeobox Fusion Transcript in Tomato

Long-distance movement of RNA through the phloem is known to occur, but the functional importance of these transported RNAs has remained unclear. Grafting experiments with a naturally occurring dominant gain-of-function leaf mutation in tomato were used to demonstrate long-distance movement of mutant messenger RNA (mRNA) into wild-type scions. The stock-specific pattern of mRNA expression was graft transmissible, indicating that the mRNA accumulation pattern is inherent to the transcript and not attributable to the promoter. The translocated mRNA caused changes in leaf morphology of the wild-type scions, suggesting that the translocated RNA is functional.
Molecular force fields of octahedral XF6 molecules

Abstract The orbital valency force field (OVFF) is applied to the fifteen hexafluorides whose vibrational frequencies are known, and the best-fit force constants are calculated. The OVFF showed definite advantages over the more widely used UBFF model in that (a) the angular coordinates contain no redundancy; (b) the agreement with the observed frequencies in the angle deformation modes is far superior; and (c) the least squares calculation procedure yields rapidly-converging sets of force constants for all fifteen hexafluorides. The f 1 u force constants of some of the hexafluorides are determined from their infrared band envelopes and are compared with the calculated values. The angle distortion constant D and the repulsion constant F are found to have strong dependence upon the number of nonbonding electrons in the 4 d and 5 d transition metal series. This effect is discussed in terms of the repulsion between the nonbonding and bonding electrons and the Coulombic forces between partially ionic fluorine atoms.
Thermal conductivity cell response and its relationship to quantitative gas chromatography

Abstract By analyzing two component blends of alcohols (one being an internal standard) we were able to computer response values, on a mole basis, for various alcohols. These computed values were then used to calculate weight per cents of alcohols in multi-component blends. The blends were analyzed by gas chromatography using a thermal conductivity cell as the detector. As a result of this investigation we found that the area under the peak of a chromatogram is a measure of the weight per cent of an individual component rather than the mole per cent. If the per cent area was used directly as a measure of weight per cent errors as high as 10.7% were encountered. The use of our computed response values cut the error to less than 1.0%. Correlation between concentration and peak area, sensitivity and peak area, peak height and concentration, and peak area and concentration were also investigated. In all cases a low error relationship was found. This indicated that our response values were affected little by sensitivity (attenuation) changes, concentration changes or sample size. We hope later to be able to correlate all these data with specific properties of various compounds.
Development of shuttle vectors for transformation of diverse Rickettsia species.

Plasmids have been identified in most species of Rickettsia examined, with some species maintaining multiple different plasmids. Three distinct plasmids were demonstrated in Rickettsia amblyommii AaR/SC by Southern analysis using plasmid specific probes. Copy numbers of pRAM18, pRAM23 and pRAM32 per chromosome in AaR/SC were estimated by real-time PCR to be 2.0, 1.9 and 1.3 respectively. Cloning and sequencing of R. amblyommii AaR/SC plasmids provided an opportunity to develop shuttle vectors for transformation of rickettsiae. A selection cassette encoding rifampin resistance and a fluorescent marker was inserted into pRAM18 yielding a 27.6 kbp recombinant plasmid, pRAM18/Rif/GFPuv. Electroporation of Rickettsia parkeri and Rickettsia bellii with pRAM18/Rif/GFPuv yielded GFPuv-expressing rickettsiae within 2 weeks. Smaller vectors, pRAM18dRG, pRAM18dRGA and pRAM32dRGA each bearing the same selection cassette, were made by moving the parA and dnaA-like genes from pRAM18 or pRAM32 into a vector backbone. R. bellii maintained the highest numbers of pRAM18dRGA (13.3 – 28.1 copies), and R. parkeri, Rickettsia monacensis and Rickettsia montanensis contained 9.9, 5.5 and 7.5 copies respectively. The same species transformed with pRAM32dRGA maintained 2.6, 2.5, 3.2 and 3.6 copies. pRM, the plasmid native to R. monacensis, was still present in shuttle vector transformed R. monacensis at a level similar to that found in wild type R. monacensis after 15 subcultures. Stable transformation of diverse rickettsiae was achieved with a shuttle vector system based on R. amblyommii plasmids pRAM18 and pRAM32, providing a new research tool that will greatly facilitate genetic and biological studies of rickettsiae.
Macoma balthica: An indicator of oil pollution

Abstract The intertidal bivalve mollusc Macoma balthica shows potential as an indicator of oil pollution. In experiments designed to simulate stranding of an oil slick on a mudflat, a significant increase in mortality of this species was found to accompany increasing concentration of petroleum in sediment and increasing duration of exposure.
Magnetic order in coupled spin-half and spin-one Heisenberg chains in an anisotropic triangular-lattice geometry

We study spin-half and spin-one Heisenberg models in the limit where one-dimensional (1D) linear chains, with exchange constant ${J}_{1}$, are weakly coupled in an anisotropic triangular-lattice geometry. Results are obtained by means of linked-cluster series expansions at zero temperature around different magnetically ordered phases. We study the noncollinear spiral phases that arise classically in the model and the collinear antiferromagnet that has been recently proposed for the spin-half model by Starykh and Balents [Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 077205 (2007)] using a renormalization group approach. We find some evidence that such phases can be stabilized in the spin-half model for arbitrarily small coupling between the chains, though convergence of the sublattice-magnetization series remains unsatisfactory. For vanishing coupling between the chains the energy of each phase must approach that of decoupled linear chains. With increasing interchain coupling, the noncollinear phase appears to have a lower energy in our calculations. For the spin-one chain, we find that there is a critical interchain coupling needed to overcome the Haldane gap. When spin-one chains are coupled in the frustrated triangular-lattice geometry, the critical coupling required to close the Haldane gap is enhanced by an order of magnitude compared to unfrustrated interchain couplings in the square-lattice geometry. The collinear phase is not obtained for the spin-one Heisenberg model.
HEARING IT THROUGH THE GRAPEVINE: THE INFLUENCE OF SOURCE, LEADER‐RELATIONS, AND LEGITIMACY ON SURVIVORS' FAIRNESS PERCEPTIONS

This study developed and tested a model of survivors' fairness perceptions. Data on leader-member relations and affective commitment was collected from 217 R&D professionals approximately 15 months prior to a major layoff. A second wave of data assessed source of layoff announcement, legitimacy of the organizational account, and procedural and distributive fairness 1 month after the layoff occurred. Results of path analysis confirmed hypothesized relationships, and the variance accounted for in distributive and procedural fairness was 24% and 48%, respectively. Procedural fairness was higher for survivors who were informed of impending layoffs by their managers. However, this effect was stronger for high than for low leader-member exchange (LMX) employees. Legitimacy of the account was positively related to procedural fairness. Distributive fairness was indirectly related to the independent variables through procedural fairness. Affective commitment of 78 of the original respondents was assessed approximately 24 months after the layoff. Post-layoff affective commitment was significantly related to procedural but not to distributive fairness perceptions. The findings underscore the critical role of direct supervisors in layoff announcements as well as providing evidence of the long-term effects of procedural fairness on survivor commitment.
The surficial nature of lunar swirls as revealed by the Mini-RF instrument

Abstract Lunar swirls are optically bright, sinuous albedo features found on the Moon. The Mini-RF synthetic aperture radar on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has provided a comprehensive set of X- and S-Band radar images of these enigmatic features, including the first radar observations of swirls on the farside of the Moon. A few general remarks can be made about the nature of the lunar swirls from this data set. First, the average radar properties of lunar swirls are identical to nearby non-swirl regions, in both total radar backscatter and circular polarization ratio (CPR). This implies that average centimeter-scale roughness and composition within the high-albedo portions of the swirls do not differ appreciably from the surroundings, and that the high optical reflectance of the swirls is related to a very thin surface phenomenon (less than several decimeters thick) not observable with X- or S-Band radar. Secondly, bright swirl material appears to be stratigraphically younger than a newly discovered impact melt flow at Gerasimovich D. This observation indicates that the swirls are capable of forming over timescales less than the age of the crater. The Mini-RF data set also provides clues to the origin of the lunar swirls. In at least one case, the presence of an enhanced crustal magnetic field appears to be responsible for the preservation of a high-albedo ejecta blanket around an otherwise degraded crater, Descartes C. The degree of degradation of Descartes C suggests it should not be optically bright, yet it is. This implies that the enhanced albedo is related to its location within a magnetic anomaly, and hence supports an origin hypothesis that invokes interaction between the solar wind and the magnetic anomaly.
Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of the two-dimensional networks [M(H2O)(bpy-dicarb)]•H2O (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; bpy-dicarb=2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)

Abstract The hydrothermal reactions of the appropriate divalent metal salt 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid and H2O in an approximate mole ratio of 2:1:2700 at 160 °C for 44 to 61 h yield [M(H2O)(bpy-dicarb)]•H2O [M = Fe(1•H2O), Co(2•H2O), Ni(3•H2O), Zn(4•H2O)]. The isomorphous series of compounds exhibit two-dimensional network structures, constructed from six coordinate M(II) sites linked through the bpy-dicarb ligands, each of which serves to bridge three metal sites. The water molecules of crystallization occupy cavities within the layers and are hydrogen bonded to the pendant carboxylate oxygen atom. Crystal data C12H10N2O6Fe(1•H2O), monoclinic, P21/n: a=11.9721(9) A, b=8.1977(6) A, c=12.696(1) A, β=98.492(1)°, V=1232.4(2) A3; C12H10N2O6Co(2•H2O), monoclinic, P21/c: a=11.9812(8) A, b=8.1698(6) A, c=12.6675(8) A, β=97.579(1)°, V=1229.1(1) A3; C12H10N2O6Ni(3•H2O), monoclinic, P21/n: a=11.9740(6) A, b=8.1866(4) A, c=12.5407(7) A, β=97.245(1)°, V=1219.5(1) A3; C12H10N2O6Zn(4•H2O), monoclinic, P21/n: a=12.0057(5) A, b=8.2370(3) A, c=12.6054(5) A, β=98.924(1)°, V=1231.47(8) A3.
Local reasoning about storable locks

This talk will present a resource-oriented program logic that is able to reason about concurrent heap-manipulating programs with unbounded numbers of dynamically-allocated locks, and note an extension to storable threads. The logic is inspired by concurrent separation logic, but handles these more realistic concurrency primitives. We demonstrate that the proposed logic allows for local reasoning about programs that exhibit a high degree of information hiding in their locking mechanisms. Soundness is proved using a novel thread-local fixed-point semantics.
Geologic Setting and Source Depth of the Norton Basin Gas Seep

Seismic-reflection records of the Norton basin gas seep, offshore Alaska, show two types of acoustic anomalies indicative of gas-charged sediment: reflector pull-downs and abrupt reflector terminations. The seeping gas apparently originates from a secondary hydrocarbon accumulation trapped at the basin margin by a combination of structural and stratigraphic features.
Development of visual attention: A stereoscopic view

Five-year-olds, 8-year-olds, and adults (20 each) tachistoscopically viewed random-dot stereograms containing either uniform depth or an elevated disk whose perimeter fell 1.5°, 2.5°, or 4° beyond fixation. When subjects were forewarned as to the size of the disk to look for (precued trials), signal detection improved (d’ increased) for all three groups, and 5-year-olds improved the most. Without forewarning (self-cued trials), the 5-year-olds performed more poorly than the other two groups, which performed alike. Although young children are able to allocate their visual attention selectively, they do not appear to deploy it as quickly or as effectively as their elders when the focus of attention is theirs to choose.
Synergistic action of nicotinamide upon penicillin.

SummaryHigh concentrations of nicotinamide exert a synergistic effect upon penicillin inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. Nicotinic acid was inactive in this respect. No evidence for a reaction between nicotinamide and penicillin could be found. Although the effect of nicotinamide appeared to be general for the 3 strains of staphylococcus tested, no effect could be demonstrated upon either Streptococcus pyogenes or E. coli.
The outlook for globalization

Bruce Lloyd of the South Bank University reports on an interview with Professor George S. Yip, author of Total Global Strategy: Managing for Worldwide Competitive Advantage. Argues that managers must analyse their industry and identify the specific drivers that affect their operation and development. Leads to the identification of a number of global strategy levers: global market participation; products (global products, or local products); location of the value chain; marketing strategy. Explores critical success factors: a combination of traditional concepts associated with building and maintaining a competitive advantage and creating global capabilities and a global network that can tap into the best resources and expertise available around the world, as well as knowing how to pull it together and use it effectively. Maintains that the greatest challenge for management education all over the world is how to reconcile theory and practice. You must understand what you need to learn, then develop the capability actually to learn it.
Wegener's granulomatosis: managing more than inflammation.

Purpose of review Although studies of Wegener's granulomatosis frequently focus on controlling disease activity, the prevention of the chronic morbidity--known as damage--may be equally important. The first part of this review explores the concept of damage and its relevance to the diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis. The second part focuses on specific forms of damage associated with Wegener's granulomatosis. Recent findings Some forms of damage (such as subglottic stenosis or renal insufficiency) occur as the direct result of the disease; other forms (such as osteoporosis or gonadal failure) are the result of the drugs used to treat it. There is an ongoing international effort to revise the way in which damage is measured; this initiative will benefit from longitudinal studies of vasculitis that are being conducted in the US and in Europe. Despite advances in therapeutics, renal damage in particular continues to be an important source of morbidity among patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Recent years have also revealed previously unexpected associations between Wegener's granulomatosis and the incidence of malignancy, venous thromboembolic events, and cardiovascular disease. Summary Damage remains an important concern for all patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Future studies of this disease must focus on both the early identification and prevention of damage.
Tweaking the lexicon: organization of vowel sequences into words.

The ability of listeners to distinguish between different arrangements of the same three vowels was investigated for repeating sequences having item durations ranging from 10 msec (single glottal pulses) up to several seconds/vowel. Discrimination was accomplished with ease by un-trained subjects at all item durations. From 30 through 100 msec/vowel, an especially interesting phenomenon was encountered: The sequences of steady-state vowels were organized into words, with different words heard for the different arrangements of items. In a second experiment, repeating sequences of random arrangements of 10 40-msec vowels were employed. When sets of four such sequences were presented to listeners, distinctive words were heard, which permitted each arrangement to be discriminated from the others. In addition, minimal differences (reversing the order of a single contiguous pair of vowels) in the 10-item sequences could be detected via verbal mediation. Hypotheses are offered concerning mechanisms responsible for these results.
Compounding for Animal Patients: Contemporary Issues

ABSTRACT Objectives To provide background information relating to the growth observed in veterinary compounding, discuss positive contributions made to animal health via compounding, present compounding practices that are in the best interest of patient care, present documents available to pharmacists to use for guidance when practicing veterinary pharmacy, and emphasize the need for education among stakeholders on the subject of veterinary compounding. Data Sources The Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994, compliance policy guide section 608.400, the American Veterinary Medical Association Position Statement on Compounding and Extra label Drug Use Algorithm; supporting data from veterinary and pharmacy literature documenting the practice of veterinary compounding are referenced (Silver Platter Medline 1966–2002 and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts ; 1970 through December 2002; no restrictions; search terms, veterinary AND compounding). Study Selection By the author. Data Extraction By the author. Data Synthesis Requests for compounding of products for veterinary uses are common in community pharmacy, and these preparations fill many clinical, dosing, and drug-administration needs in the care of companion animals. However, like other elements of pharmacy compounding, preparation of veterinary products falls into a legally gray area that is the subject of current scrutiny by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Pharmacists involved in this practice should keep the best interests of the animal in mind; recognize limitations about safety, effectiveness, and stability of compounded formulations; and avoid preparing products similar in ingredients and purpose as commercially available, FDA-approved products. Situations in which compounding becomes manufacturing invites enforcement action by FDA. The dispensing of compounded products should be based on a valid veterinarian–client–patient relationship and comply with federal acts, FDA’s compounding compliance policy guide, and other such resources. Conclusion All pharmacists and pharmacies engaged in any type of veterinary pharmacy practice must be aware of the contemporary issues facing their profession. Best patient care practices, education, and open communication among stakeholders will play a critical role in the practice and future regulation of veterinary compounding.
Elastic Scattering of 11.5—17.7-Mev Photons by Au Measured with a Bremsstrahlung Monochromator

The external electron beam of the University of Illinois 25-Mev betatron and a post-bremsstrahlung electron spectrometer are used to provide a time coincidence which selects monochromatic photons with an energy resolution of 0.67%. For this resolution and an electron beam current of 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ amp, the maximum photon intensity is about 1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{5}$/sec for each electron detector placed in the spectrometer.The elastic scattering of photons from Au was measured using the background limited intensity of ${10}^{4}$ photons/sec for each of the three electron detectors used simultaneously. The peak 135\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} differential scattering cross section was 0.71\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 mb/sr at 14.5 Mev. Other measured values at 135\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} were 0.11 (11.7 Mev), 0.32 (12.6 Mev), 0.67 (13.5 Mev), 0.54 (15.4 Mev), 0.38 (16.7 Mev), and 0.35 (17.6 Mev).These scattering results would be in better agreement with photon absorption measurements if the absolute absorption cross sections were reduced by 9%. The results are consistent with dipole scattering, a cross section which varies smoothly with energy, and no high-energy inelastic scattering.
VIS-IR transmitting BGG glass windows

BaO-Ga2O3-GeO2 (BGG) glasses have the desired properties for various window applications in the 0.5-5 μm wavelength region. These glasses are low cost alternatives to the currently used window materials. Fabrication of a high optical quality 18" diameter BGG glass window has been demonstrated with a transmitted wave front error of λ/10 at 632 nm. BGG substrates have also been successfully tested for environmental weatherability (MIL-F-48616) and rain erosion durability up to 300 mph. Preliminary EMI grids have been successfully applied on BGG glasses demonstrating attenuation of 20dB in X and Ku bands. Although the mechanical properties of BGG glasses are acceptable for various window applications, it is demonstrated here that the properties can be further improved significantly by the glassceramization process. The ceramization process does not add any significant cost to the final window material. The crystallite size in the present glass-ceramic limits its transmission to the 2-5 μm region.
Fitting Continuous ARMA Models to Unequally Spaced Spatial Data

Abstract Methods for fitting continuous spatial autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models to unequally spaced observations in two dimensions are reviewed and extended. These are models with rational two-dimensional spectra. Assuming Gaussian input noise and observational errors, maximum likelihood methods are used to estimate the ARMA parameters and the regression coefficients of the deterministic trend. When the number of observations is too large for exact maximum likelihood estimation, approximate maximum likelihood estimation is used based on nearest neighbors. Comparisons of nearest-neighbor methods with exact likelihood methods are presented. Predictions of the height of the field at unobserved points can be calculated with confidence intervals.
Imaging interferometric lithography for arbitrary patterns

Conventional optical lithography (OL) is limited by the spatial frequency coverage of the optical system. Inter- ferometric lithography (IL), which approaches the ultimate linear system spatial frequency coverage limit of optics, provides a simple technique to produce periodic patterns at the requisite scale for the next several ULSI generations. Imaging interferometric lithography (IIL), a true integration of optical and interferometric lithography, extends this capability to arbitrary pattern fabrication. Modeling and simulation results show that arbitrary patterns with dense CDs extending to 120-nm at I-line and to 65-nm at a 193-nm exposure wavelength are possible. Initial experiments demonstrate that the coverage in frequency space is increased for a 3-exposure IIl configuration and the resolution is concomitantly increased by a factor of 3. Development of IIL may extend the life of optical lithography to sub-100-nm CD generations.
Analysis of photoenzymatic repair of UV lesions in DNA by single light flashes. XII. Evidence for enhanced photolysis enzyme-substrate complexes by a 2-photon reaction.

Yeast photoreactivating enzyme (PRE), preilluminated with wavelengths ranging from the near-UV to the red spectral region, forms with 254 nm-irradiated transforming DNA of Haemophilus influenzae enzyme-substrate complexes that are more efficiently photorepaired than complexes formed from non-preilluminated PRE. The action spectrum for this "preillumination effect", previously shown to have a maximum in the near-UV region, has another maximum near 577 nm. In complexes formed from non-preilluminated PRE the repair probability per incident photon is only about 25% of that in complexes formed from preilluminated PRE, if low-intensity photoreactivating light is applied continuously or as a sequence of flashes. However, photoreactivating light in the form of a single, high-intensity flash of 1 msec duration raises the repair probability to greater than 50%. Two light flashes, discharged with a delay of slightly more than a millisecond, may already achieve less photorepair than the same energy given as a single flash. These results are explained by the assumption that the great majority of PRE molecules in a non-preilluminated preparation have reduced activity (of the order of 1/4 of maximal activity). These less reactive molecules form enzyme-substrate complexes ("non-activated complexes") in which the repair probability per incident photon is considerably increased if 2 or more photons are absorbed within a time period of the order of milliseconds. This phenomenon, tentatively termed "2-photon photolysis" does not occur in "activated complexes" (i.e. those formed form preilluminated enzyme). The data are compatible with suggestion that the first absorption leads to a metastable excited state of the complex, during which the repair probability is increased by absorption of another photon. The generally observed heterogeneity of the photolytic response of enzyme-substrate complexes can be partly explained by heterogeneity of PRE molecules regarding their activity. In particular, uncontrolled exposure of enzyme to almost any kind of room light before its experimental use can enhance the heterogeneity.
Chemometric classification of the solvent properties (selectivity) of commonly used gas chromatographic stationary phases

Abstract Abraham's solvation parameter model was used to characterize the solvent properties of 33 stationary phases in terms of their capacity for specific intermolecular interactions at 121.4°C. The capacity of the phases for dispersion, orientation, induction, and hydrogen-bond base interactions, combined with solvent cohesion (ease of cavity formation) were important in defining their behavior. The capacity for π- and n-electron pair acceptor interactions was less important and none of the phases possessed a significant capacity for solvent hydrogen-bond acid interactions. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering techniques were used to classify the phases by their similarity for specific intermolecular interactions. These methods provide a visual means of quantitatively comparing the properties of the stationary phases and a mechanism to develop a short list of phases able to represent the range of properties available in the larger data set.