cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Insulitis to Diabetes Development in Tumor Necrosis Factor Transgenic Mice

The hallmark of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is infiltration in (insulitis) and around (peri-insulitis) the islets of Langerhans, the site of synthesis of insulin (EISENBARTH 1986; GEPTS 1965). Destruction of these islets occurs and, as a consequence, the ability of the patient to produce insulin is eliminated, resulting in frank diabetes. Evidence accumulated over a number of years has shown that IDDM is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. A breakthrough in the genetics was made by the observation of a strong association between IDDM and HLA-DQβ, and later DQα alleles (Todd 1990). These early studies, however, showed clearly that this disease is polygenic in nature, since possession of these HLA susceptibility alleles only predisposed one to, but did not confer a high probability of, IDDM occurrence. In addition, multiple families, including some with identical twins, carrying susceptibility to IDDM have been studied. Strikingly, the results showed that, even when one twin develops IDDM, the probability of the second twin developing disease is only 20%–30%. This has led to the conclusion that environmental effects also play a key role in the development of diabetes (Eisenbarth 1986; Todd 1990).
Nisin affects the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat turkey ham stored at four degrees Celsius for sixty-three days

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine pH, anti-Listeria and general antimicrobial properties of nisin on ready-to-eat vacuum-packaged diced turkey ham inoculated withListeria monocytogenes, and the usage level that would exert maximum antimicrobial effect during 63 d of storage. Ready-to-eat diced turkey ham was inoculated with a 5-strainL. monocytogenes cocktail; treated with 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% nisin treatment solutions; vacuum-packaged; stored at 4 ± 1°C for 63 d; and analyzed at 1-wk intervals for total aerobic counts, pH,L. monocytogenes, and lactic acid bacteria. Antimicrobial effectiveness of nisin increased as concentration increased from 0.2 to 0.5%. Aerobic plate counts for 0.4 and 0.5% nisin were lower (P
Temporal variation in δ13C of ecosystem respiration in the Pacific Northwest: links to moisture stress

We measured seasonal and interannual variations in δ13C values within the carbon reservoirs (leaves and soil) and CO2 fluxes (soil and ecosystem respired CO2) of an old growth coniferous forest in the Pacific Northwest USA with relation to local meteorological conditions. There were significant intra-annual and interannual differences in the carbon isotope ratios of CO2 respired at both the ecosystem (δ13CR) and the soil levels (δ13CR-soil), but only limited variations in the carbon isotope ratios of carbon stocks. The δ13CR values varied by as much as 4.4‰ over a growing season, while δ13CR-soil values changed as much as 6.2‰. The δ13C of soil organic carbon (δ13CSOC) and needle organic carbon (δ13CP) exhibited little or no significant changes over the course of this study. Carbon isotope discrimination within leaves (Δp) showed systematic decreases with increased canopy height, but remained fairly constant throughout the year (Δp=17.9‰–19.2‰ at the top of the canopy, Δp=19.6‰–20.9‰ at mid-canopy, Δp=23.3‰–25.1‰ at the canopy base). The temporal variation in the δ13C of soil and ecosystem respired CO2 was correlated (r=0.93, P<0.001) with soil moisture levels, with dry summer months having the most 13C-enriched values. The dynamic seasonal changes in δ13C of respired CO2 are hypothesized to be the result of fast cycling of recently fixed carbon back to the atmosphere. One scaling consequence of the seasonal and interannual variations in δ13CR is that inversion-based carbon-cycle models dependent on observed atmospheric CO2 concentration and isotope values may be improved by incorporating dynamic δ13CR values to interpret regional carbon sink strength.
Biological Characterisation of Haliclona (?gellius) sp.: Sponge and Associated Microorganisms

We have characterised the northern Pacific undescribed sponge Haliclona (?gellius) sp. based on rDNA of the sponge and its associated microorganisms. The sponge is closely related to Amphimedon queenslandica from the Great Barrier Reef as the near-complete 18S rDNA sequences of both sponges were identical. The microbial fingerprint of three specimens harvested at different times and of a transplanted specimen was compared to identify stably associated microorganisms. Most bacterial phyla were detected in each sample, but only a few bacterial species were determined to be stably associated with the sponge. A sponge-specific β- and γ-Proteobacterium were abundant clones and both of them were present in three of the four specimens analysed. In addition, a Planctomycete and a Crenarchaea were detected in all sponge individuals. Both were closely related to operational taxonomic units that have been found in other sponges, but not exclusively in sponges. Interestingly, also a number of clones that are closely related to intracellular symbionts from insects and amoeba were detected.
Coronal Mass Ejection (CME)-induced shock formation, propagation and some temporally and spatially developing shock parameters relevant to particle energization

Interplanetary shocks accelerate solar energetic particles (SEPs) from the point of shock formation in the lower corona, and continuously as the shock propagates outward to 1 AU and beyond. In this study, the formation properties of a CME-induced shock and propagation characteristics are studied from the inner corona to 1 AU. We use a 2D, three-component (i.e., 2.5D), time-dependent MHD code in our model. A well-studied CME event (the 1997 January 6−12 Sun-Earth Connection Event) is used as a baseline for this study. The solar wind conditions measured at 1 AU (WIND data) are used to motivate our effort to model the CME driven shock. It is found that the fast forward shock forms originally at ∼3.2 Rs (solar radii) from the solar surface in the ecliptic plane for the assumed CME and background solar wind parameters. In our model, this occurs ∼2 hrs after CME initiation. The shock formation at higher (∼30 ◦ ) latitudes measured from the ecliptic plane is further from the Sun (∼3.6 Rs) because of higher local magnetosonic speeds that must be exceeded by the original disturbance for shock formation. Finally, the shock becomes symmetric at 16 Rs. In the ecliptic plane at 16 Rs the fast shock Mach number (Mf) is ∼3.5, and at 30 ◦ latitude, Mf ∼ 1.7, considerably weaker. A maximum in the fast shock Mach number of 4 is reached at 130 Rs in the ecliptic plane. The Mf decreases to 3.5 by 1 AU. Other properties of the shock, as well as its relationship to the local interplanetary properties through which it passes, are discussed. The interplanetary counterpart, ICME, of the coronal CME, is also discussed. These shock properties, we believe, are relevant to the shock's ability to accelerate particles to energies as high as 100 MeV. The actual physical process, however, is not discussed in this paper.
Sensing Wireless Microphone with ESPRIT from Noise and Adjacent Channel Interference

FCC requires that any white space device be able to sense wireless microphone (WM) signals at -114dBm typically corresponding to a SNR of -20dB, an extremely challenging task. This paper presents a novel WM detector based on the ESPRIT algorithm along with an auxiliary prewhitening filter that meets this requirement. Compared with existing detectors, the proposed WM detector not only successfully combats noise, but also provides a technique to mitigate the effect of adjacent channel interference caused by DTV transmission leakage, an issue much less studied.
A stochastic approach in modeling cooperative line networks

We consider a quasi-stationary Markov chain as a model for a decode and forward wireless multi-hop cooperative transmission system that forms successive Opportunistic Large Arrays (OLAs). This paper treats a linear network topology, where the nodes form a one-dimensional horizontal grid with equal spacing. In this OLA approach, all nodes are intended to decode and relay. We derive the transition probability matrix of the Markov chain based on the hypoexponential distribution of the received power at a given time instant assuming that all the nodes have equal transmit power and the channel has Rayleigh fading and path loss with an arbitrary exponent. The Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of the sub-stochastic matrix indicates the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margin that enables a given hop distance.
Transforming Albanian business education

Albania is a country with many unique characteristics. It is the last country in Europe to escape from the communist system and also still the poorest nation in Europe. The baggage of its tragic immediate past, especially the isolation of its people from free thought for almost 50 years, still influences people's thinking and behaviour. Generally speaking, the Albanian education system provides sound basic education. However, most older government and public enterprise managers were originally trained based on the communist political economy principles and ideologies. Thus, the technical, conceptual, and human dimensions of modern business still need development. Since 1992, a massive dose of modern business training and education has begun to transform the mentality of young entrepreneurs and management professionals. This paper presents the transformation efforts of Albanian business education in general and then focuses on several new joint initiatives of the University of Tirana and the University of Nebraska.
Enhancing architecture-implementation conformance with change management and support for behavioral mapping

It is essential for software architecture to be consistent with implementation during software development. Existing architecture-implementation mapping approaches are not sufficient due to a variety of reasons, including lack of support for change management and mapping of behavioral architecture specification. A new approach called 1.x-way architecture-implementation mapping is presented in this paper to address these issues. Its contribution includes deep separation of generated and non-generated code, an architecture change model, architecture-based code regeneration, and architecture change notification. The approach is implemented in ArchStudio 4, an Eclipse-based architecture development environment. To evaluate its utility, we refactored the code of ArchStudio, and replayed changes that had been made to ArchStudio in two research projects by redoing them with the developed tool.
Twelve-Transmembrane-Segment (TMS) Version (ΔTMS VII-VIII) of the 14-TMS Tet(L) Antibiotic Resistance Protein Retains Monovalent Cation Transport Modes but Lacks Tetracycline Efflux Capacity

A "Tet(L)-12" version of Tet(L), a tetracycline efflux protein with 14 transmembrane segments (TMS), was constructed by deletion of two central TMS. Tet(L)-12 catalyzed Na+/H+ antiport and antiport with K+ as a coupling ion as well as or better than wild-type Tet(L) but exhibited no tetracycline-Me2+/H+ antiport in Escherichia coli vesicles.
Information Literacy and Adult Learners: Using Authentic Assessment to Determine Skill Gaps.

Information literacy (IL) skills are essential for adult learners in higher education, especially those unfamiliar with information systems. Citing a lack of literature assessing such skills in adu...
ANALYTIC GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF SPATIAL R-R ROBOT MANIPULATORS

This paper studies the geometric design of spatial two degrees of freedom, open loop robot manipulators with revolute joints that perform tasks, which require the positioning of the end-effector in three spatial locations. This research is important in situations where a robotic manipulator or mechanism with a small number of joint degrees of freedom is designed to perform higher degree of freedom end-effector tasks. The loop-closure geometric equations provide eighteen design equations in eighteen unknowns. Polynomial Elimination techniques are used to solve these equations and obtain the manipulator Denavit and Hartenberg parameters. A sixth order polynomial is obtained in one of the design parameters. Only two of the six roots of the polynomial are real and they correspond to two different robot manipulators that can reach the desired end-effector poses.
Gray squirrel alarm call composition differs in response to simulated aerial versus terrestrial predator attacks

Eastern gray squirrels use three acoustically distinct vocalizations, namely kuks, quaas and moans, in their alarm calling bouts. Although moans are highly specific to aerial threats, kuks and quaas show no clear association with either terrestrial or aerial predator type when simply examining their presence or absence in an entire bout of vocal signaling. Here we examine the relationship between alarm call composition (the presence and rate of kuks, quaas and moans) and the type of stimulus eliciting the alarm call (aerial or terrestrial). When the first 30 sec or second 30 sec of calling is examined, the presence of kuks, quaas (only used in the second 30-sec period), and moans are all associated with stimulus type. Kuks and quaas are usually used in response to terrestrial stimuli and moans are used exclusively in response to aerial stimuli. The relationship between call composition and stimulus is even stronger when considering the rate of calls. In the first 60 sec of calling, all three vocalizations...
Abstract 16719: STIM1 Inhibits GSK3-Beta to Maintain Cardiac Hypertrophy in a Murine Pressure Overload Induced Heart Failure Model

STromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) is the sensor of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store in non-contractile cells. In cardiac myocytes (CM), we demonstrated that pressure-overload induced hypertrophy led to an increase in STIM1 expression and to the activation of STIM1-induced currents that promote CM hypertrophy. Our objective was to further investigate the role of STIM1 in the transition to heart failure (HF). We performed Transverse Aortic Constriction surgery (TAC) on control and AAV9.shSTIM1 infected mice to induce cardiac hypertrophy and failure. In a first approach, STIM1 was silenced before TAC. As compared to TAC-controls, TAC-shSTIM1-treated mice showed a complete prevention of the development of cardiac hypertrophy (IVSd, mm: 1.46±0.07 in control vs. 1.01±0.11 in shSTIM1 mice, p In a second experiment, STIM1 silencing was performed after TAC at the time when mice had developed compensated hypertrophy. In the 5 weeks following AAV administration, AAV9.shSTIM1-treated mice were unable to maintain the established cardiac hypertrophy, which resulted in a rapid worsening in contractile dysfunction and the development of LV dilation (IVSd, mm: 1.45±0.23 vs. 1.04±0.14 and LVIDd, mm: 3.54±0.54 vs. 4.75±0.38 in control and shSTIM1 mice respectively; p Western blotting on total hearts and isolated CM from AAV9.shSTIM1-treated mice showed a profound reduction in AKT and GSK3β phosphorylation, thus suggesting GSK3β activation after STIM1 silencing. Concordantly, treatment with a GSK3β pharmacological inhibitor restored the ability of TAC-shSTIM1-treated mice to maintain cardiac hypertrophy and prevent the rapid transition to HF. In a phospho-proteome profiling in HEK cells, we further observed that activation of STIM1-ORAI complex after thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ store depletion increased phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β. Treatment of HEK cells with an ORAI inhibitor, blocking STIM1 dependent Ca2+ entry, led to decrease of phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β. These data support a model where activation of STIM1 promotes CM growth by repressing the anti-hypertrophic effects of GSK3β through regulation of AKT.
Long Tails Versus Superstars: The Effect of IT on Product Variety and Sales Concentration Patterns

The Internet and related information technologies are transforming the distribution of product sales across products, and the effects are likely to grow in coming years. Both the Long Tail and the Superstar effect are manifestations of these changes, yet researchers lack consistent metrics or models for integrating and extending their insights and predictions. In this paper, we begin with a taxonomy of the technological and non-technological drivers of both the Long Tails and Superstars and then define and contrast the key metrics for analyzing these phenomena. While significant research has already been done, the core the paper describes a large and promising set of questions forming a research agenda. Important opportunities exist for understanding future changes in product distribution; its impact on supply chains (including cross-channel competition, competition within the Internet channel, implications for the growth of firms, and the balance of power within the supply chain); implications for pricing, promotion and product design; and ultimately potential effects on society more generally. Our approach provides an introduction to some of the relevant research findings and allows us to identify opportunities for cross-pollination of methods and insights from related research topics.
62INRECLASSIFYING LUNG CANCER AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC

ABSTRACT Lung cancer has traditionally been classified based on tumor histology. However, with the advent of targeted therapies, the utility of this classification scheme in guiding clinical decisions is limited. Several studies have consistently highlighted the molecular heterogeneity underlying lung cancers. Using gene-expression data, investigators have classified adenocarcinomas (LUAD) into “bronchoid”, “squamoid”, and “magnoid” subtypes, and squamous cell cancers (SQCC) into “primitive”, “classical”, “secretory”, and “basal” subtypes. Further, next-generation sequencing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), have confirmed the reproducibility of these subtypes, and have also facilitated a study of the mutational, gene copy-number, and epigenetic features underlying these tumors. Similarly, it has also shown large cell lung cancer can be subdivided based on the molecular features. It is conceivable that classifying cancers based on common transcriptional features and biological themes identify may identify subgroups of patients at risk for recurrence following surgical resection. Disclosure: R. Govindan: Consultant for: Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Merck, Bayer, Covidien, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Genentech (Roche), Mallinckrodt Honoraria received. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Multimodal Optical Detection of Intravaginal Microbicide Gel Coating Thickness Distribution

A clinical optical probe incorporating simultaneous fluorescence and low coherence interferometry imaging was developed. A clinical study was performed to compare fluorimetry and LCI in measuring intravaginal microbicide gel thickness distribution.
Procedure for Screening Rice Varieties for Resistance to the Rice Water Weevil

The possibility of varietal resistance of rice to the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, has been considered by previous researchers. Isely and Schwardt (1934) noted that some varieties had larger numbers of larvae than others. I failed to find statistically significant differences in larval populations among 8 varieties, but I did find a difference in varietal yield response to controlling rice water weevil (Bowling 1963). Rolston and Rouse (1964) found 2 modern and 2 obsolete varieties similar in susceptibility to rice water weevil larval infestations.
Preasymptotic hydrodynamic dispersion as a quantitative probe of permeability

We interpret a generalized short-time expansion of stochastic hydrodynamic dispersion dynamics in the case of small Reynolds number flow through macroscopically homogenous permeable porous media to directly determine hydrodynamic permeability. The approach allows determination of hydrodynamic permeability from pulsed field gradient spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of the short-time effective hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient. The analytical expansion of asymptotic dynamics agrees with experimental NMR data and lattice Boltzmann simulation of hydrodynamic dispersion in consolidated random sphere pack media.
Reduced Capture of Tobacco Budworm and Corn Earworm Males in Electric Grid Traps Baited Simultaneously with Virgin Females of Both Species

Experiments showed that baiting electric grid traps with a combination of tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), and corn earworm, H. zea (Boddie), virgin females reduced the number of males of both species caught by 24.2 and 77.5% respectively, compared with traps baited with the 2 species individually. The reduction in corn earworm capture was apparent at both high and low population densities, although that for the tobacco budworm was shown only at a high density. Another noctuid, Luecania humidicola (Guenee), was highly cross-attracted to corn earworm females, and it exhibited a similar reduction in capture with the combination bait.
Nurturing Compassion Development Among College Students: A Longitudinal Study

AbstractLittle research exists on the development of compassion among college undergraduates. This study tracks changes in compassion and identifies factors associated with these changes over the course of undergraduate students’ college careers, from the time of admittance to the time of graduation. Compassion levels assessed at the point of college entrance accounted for 25% of the variance in compassion at the time of graduation. These findings provided evidence for the notion that compassion can continue to be cultivated once in college. Predictors such as diversity training, the frequency of religious service attendance, participation in community-based service-learning, political identification, and feeling valued as a member of the university community accounted for an additional 10% of the variance in compassion scores at the time of graduation. Results suggest that compassion development in college students may increase through the use of particular intentional educational experiences.
Fundamentals of Gas Phase Transport in Nanostructured Materials

The coating of a high surface area or a nanostructured material is driven by the reactive transport of one or more species inside its pores or features. This chapter introduces different approaches to model reactive transport within high surface area or porous materials. These can be divided in two broad groups: ballistic models and continuum descriptions that model the transport as a diffusive process.
Lidia With an "I" Not a "Y".

Abstract EMS workers typically do not receive training on empathy and compassion, yet these skills are highly valued by patients at their most vulnerable. Alessio and Lidia, from Italy, were on a cross country honeymoon trip when Lidia died suddenly, leaving Alessio alone and frightened. Jason, a flight nurse and emergency room nurse, demonstrated empathy while assisting Alessio through the difficult tasks of returning Lidia's body to Italy, navigating the legal paperwork and providing grief support with a language barrier. In just 72 hours together, a bond was forged that transcended obstacles and led to a friendship and sweet reunion. Professionalism does not preclude the demonstration of empathy and compassion, but enhances the human connection so vital for true “caregivers”.
A Design Perspective on Data

Empirical studies invariably show that data generation is situationally contingent and interpretively flexible, even when data is collected automatically. This essay situates data generation within a design perspective, demonstrating how data creation can be understood as a multilayered set of interlocking design activities. By showing how data is infused with design, this paper argues that any "use" of data represents a continuation of its design. We are always designers of data, never its mere appropriators.
Associations of Nasopharyngeal Metabolome and Microbiome with Severity among Infants with Bronchiolitis. A Multiomic Analysis

Rationale: Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory infection in infants; however, it remains unclear which infants with bronchiolitis will develop severe illness. In addition, although emerging evidence indicates associations of the upper-airway microbiome with bronchiolitis severity, little is known about the mechanisms linking airway microbes and host response to disease severity.Objectives: To determine the relations among the nasopharyngeal airway metabolome profiles, microbiome profiles, and severity in infants with bronchiolitis.Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study of infants (age <1 yr) hospitalized with bronchiolitis. By applying metabolomic and metagenomic (16S ribosomal RNA gene and whole-genome shotgun sequencing) approaches to 144 nasopharyngeal airway samples collected within 24 hours of hospitalization, we determined metabolome and microbiome profiles and their association with higher severity, defined by the use of positive pressure ventilation (i.e., cont...
Observations and Modeling of Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation Due To the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha (Nepal) Earthquake

We use space geodetic data to investigate coseismic and postseismic deformation due to the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake that occurred along the central Himalayan arc. Because the earthquake area is characterized by strong variations in surface relief and material properties, we developed finite element models that explicitly account for topography and 3-D elastic structure. We computed the line-of-sight displacement histories from three tracks of the Sentinel-1A/B Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellites, using persistent scatter method. InSAR observations reveal an uplift of up to ∼70 mm over ∼20 months after the main shock, concentrated primarily at the downdip edge of the ruptured asperity. GPS observations also show uplift, as well as southward movement in the epicentral area, qualitatively similar to the coseismic deformation pattern. Kinematic inversions of GPS and InSAR data and forward models of stress-driven creep suggest that the observed postseismic transient is dominated by afterslip on a downdip extension of the seismic rupture. A poroelastic rebound may have contributed to the observed uplift and southward motion, but the predicted surface displacements are small. We also tested a wide range of viscoelastic relaxation models, including 1-D and 3-D variations in the viscosity structure. Models of a low-viscosity channel previously invoked to explain the long-term uplift and variations in topography at the plateau margins predict opposite signs of horizontal and vertical displacements compared to those observed. Our results do not preclude a possibility of deep-seated viscoelastic response beneath southern Tibet with a characteristic relaxation time greater than the observation period (2 years).
Refill-Based Medication Use Quality Measures in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Examination of Proportion of Days Covered and Medication Possession Ratio.

BACKGROUND: The Pharmacy Quality Alliance’s definition of proportion of days covered (PDC) and medication possession ratio (MPR) have not been examined as potential quality measures in the kidney t...
Relationship between income and mortality in a Canadian family practice cohort

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship between household income and mortality in a primary care cohort while using personal information obtained from clinical records and administrative data linkages to adjust for confounders. Design Survey and analysis of data from several administrative databases. Setting Toronto, Ont. Participants Patients of an urban academic family practice who were aged between 45 and 74 and who had made at least 3 visits to the clinic between 1996 and 1997. Main outcome measures Patients’ self-reported household income. Patients’ personal information obtained from clinical records and linkages to administrative data to adjust for confounders; personal information was used to adjust for health factors as confounders of the relationship between income and mortality risk. Results Of the 1064 patients who received surveys, 519 (49%) responded. There was no significant difference in the mortality rate between nonresponders and responders. Mortality rates were lower than those in the general population throughout follow-up. Within the patient cohort, mortality rates were elevated for smokers, those who had not consumed alcohol in the year before the survey, and those who had been diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, or cancer before the survey. After all adjustments were made, mortality rates were lower among patients in the higher-income categories than among those with lower household incomes. Conclusion Universal health care does not eliminate income-related differentials in mortality. Differences in health-related behaviour factors are not sufficient to explain the socioeconomic mortality differences within an area. These data suggest that it is not solely personal choice related to health behaviour but that other explanations must be invoked to account for the relationship between lower household income and increased mortality rates.
3,5-Di­bromo­benzo­nitrile

Mol­ecules of the title compound (I), C7H3Br2N, lie on a crystallographic mirror plane that bis­ects the benzene ring and the cyano group. In the crystal, no C≡N⋯Br or Br⋯Br short contacts are observed. Head-to-tail C(7) chains form based on weak hydrogen bonding between the the para H atom and the cyano N atom. Although mol­ecules of (I) pack differently than 3,5-di­fluoro­benzo­nitrile, both compounds have similarly distorted benzene rings. For (I), the endocyclic bond angles are 121.16 (16)° and 117.78 (16)° about the ipso and para C atoms, respectively.
A Second Specimen of Citipati Osmolskae Associated with a Nest of Eggs from Ukhaa Tolgod, Omnogov Aimag, Mongolia

Adult dinosaurs preserved attending their nests in brooding positions are among the rarest vertebrate fossils. By far the most common occurrences are members of the dinosaur group Oviraptorosauria. The first finds of these were specimens recovered from the Djadokhta Formation at the Mongolian locality of Ukhaa Tolgod and the Chinese locality of Bayan Mandahu. Since the initial discovery of these specimens, a few more occurrences of nesting oviraptors have been found at other Asian localities.Here we report on a second nesting oviraptorid specimen (IGM 100/1004) sitting in a brooding position atop a nest of eggs from Ukhaa Tolgod, Omnogov, Mongolia. This is a large specimen of the ubiquitous Ukhaa Tolgod taxon Citipati osmolskae. It is approximately 11% larger based on humeral length than the original Ukhaa Tolgod nesting Citipati osmolskae specimen (IGM 100/979), yet eggshell structure and egg arrangement are identical. No evidence for colonial breeding of these animals has been recovered.Reexamination of another “nesting” oviraptorosaur, the holotype of Oviraptor philoceratops (AMNH FARB 6517) indicates that in addition to the numerous partial eggs associated with the original skeleton that originally led to its referral as a protoceratopsian predator, there are the remains of a tiny theropod. This hind limb can be provisionally assigned to Oviraptoridae. It is thus at least possible that some of the eggs associated with the holotype had hatched and the perinates had not left the nest.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Hydroelectric Reservoir (Brazil’s Tucuruí Dam) and the Energy Policy Implications

Greenhouse gas emissions from hydroelectric dams are oftenportrayed as nonexistent by the hydropower industry, and havebeen largely ignored in global calculations of emissions fromland-use change. Brazil’s Tucurui Dam provides an example with important lessons for policy debates on Amazonian development and on how to assess the global warming impact ofdifferent energy options. Tucurui is better from the pointof view of power density, and hence greenhouse gas emissions per unit of electricity, than both the average for existing dams in Amazonia and the planned dams that, if all built, wouldflood 3% of Brazil’s Amazon forest. Tucurui’s emission of greenhouse gases in 1990 is equivalent to 7.0–10.1 × 106 tons of CO2-equivalent carbon, an amount substantially greater than the fossil fuel emission of Brazil’s biggest city, Sao Paulo. Emissions need to beproperly weighed in decisions on dam construction. Althoughmany proposed dams in Amazonia are expected to have positivebalances as compared to fossil fuels, substantial emissionsindicated by the present study reduce the benefits often attributed to the planned dams.
Increased Enoxaparin Dosing Requirements for Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis in a Severely Burned Patient: Case Report and Literature Review

Dosing of enoxaparin for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis in acutely burned patients has been shown to result in anti-Xa levels below target range. We describe the first case report, to our knowledge, of a severely burned patient who, despite prophylactic dosing of enoxaparin 30 mg subcutaneously twice daily, developed an acute DVT that required high-dose enoxaparin (100 mg [1.5 mg/kg] subcutaneously every 8 hours) to maintain anti-Xa levels within the therapeutic range (0.6-1 IU/ml). Pharmacokinetic evaluations were performed using anti-Xa levels measured throughout the patient's hospital stay to validate the appropriateness of this high-dose regimen based on established therapeutic anti-Xa level ranges. These results suggest that routine anti-Xa level monitoring, regardless of enoxaparin dosing, is necessary for burn patients who are receiving enoxaparin given their hypermetabolic state following injury.
Possible canine source of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus causing meningitis in an infant.

Abstract Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) is a pathogen that colonizes and causes disease in horses, and less commonly, in other mammals. This zoonotic disease in humans is rare. In the reported human cases, it has caused bacteremia, endocarditis, arthritis and meningitis, and it has been linked to contact with horses or ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products. We report a case of a six-month-old female patient who presented with a one-day history of fevers and neurological symptoms. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures revealed S. zooepidemicus, and brain imaging showed a subdural fluid collection and diffuse brain infarcts. Exposure history suggested a canine source as patient had close contact with two dogs that had respiratory infections but no contact with other pets including horses. She had clinical and radiographic improvement after a four-week course of penicillin G and drainage of a subdural fluid collection but she had residual severe to profound hearing loss and mild neurocognitive deficits. This case report provides the third reported case of possible S. zooepidemicus transmission from dogs to humans, and the second such case that has led to meningitis. Clinicians and public health practitioners should recognize that S. zooepidemicus may be transmitted from dogs and can lead to severe disease in humans.
Defining Serious Illness Among Adult Surgical Patients.

Abstract Context Palliative care (PC) for seriously ill surgical patients, including aligning treatments with patients' goals and managing symptoms, is associated with improved patient-oriented outcomes and decreased health care utilization. However, efforts to integrate PC alongside restorative surgical care are limited by the lack of a consensus definition for serious illness in the perioperative context. Objectives The objectives of this study were to develop a serious illness definition for surgical patients and identify a denominator for quality measurement efforts. Methods We developed a preliminary definition including a set of criteria for 11 conditions and health states. Using the RAND-UCLA Appropriateness Method, a 12-member expert advisory panel rated the criteria for each condition and health state twice, once after an in-person moderated discussion, for validity (primary outcome) and feasibility of measurement. Results All panelists completed both rounds of rating. All 11 conditions and health states defining serious illness for surgical patients were rated as valid. During the in-person discussion, panelists refined and narrowed criteria for two conditions (vulnerable elder, heart failure). The final definition included the following 11 conditions and health states: vulnerable elder, heart failure, advanced cancer, oxygen-dependent pulmonary disease, cirrhosis, end-stage renal disease, dementia, critical trauma, frailty, nursing home residency, and American Society of Anesthesiology Risk Score IV-V. Conclusion We identified a consensus definition for serious illness in surgery. Opportunities remain in measuring the prevalence, identifying health trajectories, and developing screening criteria to integrate PC with restorative surgical care.
Failure to follow up on a medically actionable finding from direct to consumer genetic testing: A case report

BACKGROUND A 61-year-old woman underwent direct to consumer genetic testing and was found to be homozygous for the C282Y HFE variant (c.845G>A :p.Cys282Tyr) which is classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic for hereditary hemochromatosis. However, no action was taken by the individual. METHODS The individual took part in the Mayo Clinic Return of Actionable Variants Empiric (RAVE) study and the actionable finding was confirmed and results disclosed in person by a genetic counselor with subsequent referral to a hepatologist. RESULTS Further testing revealed iron overload with an elevated ferritin level (560 ng/ml) and increased ferritin saturation (74%). Phlebotomy was initiated with subsequent normalization of the ferritin levels (252 ng/ml). CONCLUSION This case highlights that actionable genetic results may not be acted on after direct to consumer testing and the need for effective genetic counseling after such testing.
Epilogue: An Invitation

Come stand with me some breezy summer day, on a certain rock formation I know on the coast of Maine, about an hour up from Portland.
Approach to Difficult Bladder Dissection during Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Study Objective This video describes and demonstrates various techniques for approaching difficult bladder dissection during laparoscopic hysterectomy. Design N/A Setting The techniques and surgeries demonstrated in this video were performed on patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy in an academic tertiary care center. The patients had surgical histories predisposing them to difficult bladder dissection at the time of laparoscopic hysterectomy. These techniques can be used individually or in combination with each other in order to ensure successful bladder dissection. Patients or Participants N/A Interventions Four techniques for successful bladder dissection are reviewed in this video. The first technique involves backfilling the bladder with lactated ringers in order to help delineate the boundaries of the bladder and avoid inadvertent injury. A second technique involves first approaching the bladder laterally in order to find a surgical plane for adhesiolysis, followed by further dissection cephalad towards the dome of the bladder. Lateralization of the uterine arteries prior to bladder dissection is described in the third technique. Finally, the last technique involves first creating posterior colpotomy and carrying the incision anteriorly in order to help delineate normal anatomical markers. Measurements and Main Results N/A Conclusion Total laparoscopic hysterectomy can be safely completed in the presence of dense bladder adhesions through four techniques described above.
Modal Bandwidth and Single-Mode VCSEL Transmission Capability Over Multimode Fibers

Single-mode VCSELs have been demonstrated with great transmission capability over multimode fibers in the literature through restricted launch, which is beyond what is allowed by the effective modal bandwidth (EMB) defined for multimode transmission with the encircled flux launch condition. However, the impact of fiber index profile errors and their interactions with launch conditions have not been thoroughly studied. We conduct a detailed experimental study to gain insight on the impacts of the fiber index profiles and launch conditions on the system performance of single-mode VCSELs transmitting over multimode fibers. Experimentally, our results show that a launch spot roughly matching the fiber LP01 mode field leads to very high bandwidth and robust performance, largely independent of the imperfection of the index profiles and therefore can perform well in very high data rates. For a restricted launch without mode matching, the performance highly depends on the quality of the fiber, in line with EMB. We found that the center offset tolerance is around $2~\mu \text{m}$ for a mode matched launch. We also conducted single-mode VCSEL transmission experiments over 600-m and 1000-m multimode fibers, which agree well with the modal bandwidth results.
Importance and Considerations of Antibody Engineering in Antibody-Drug Conjugates Development from a Clinical Pharmacologist’s Perspective

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) appear to be in a developmental boom, with five FDA approvals in the last two years and a projected market value of over $4 billion by 2024. Major advancements in the engineering of these novel cytotoxic drug carriers have provided a few early success stories. Although the use of these immunoconjugate agents are still in their infancy, valuable lessons in the engineering of these agents have been learned from both preclinical and clinical failures. It is essential to appreciate how the various mechanisms used to engineer changes in ADCs can alter the complex pharmacology of these agents and allow the ADCs to navigate the modern-day therapeutic challenges within oncology. This review provides a global overview of ADC characteristics which can be engineered to alter the interaction with the immune system, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, and therapeutic index of ADCs. In addition, this review will highlight some of the engineering approaches being explored in the creation of the next generation of ADCs.
Love in the time of COVID-19: A brief report on relationship and individual functioning among committed couples in the United States while under shelter-in-place orders.

The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has changed many aspects of people's daily life, including increased time at home in response to shelter-in-place orders, heightened stress about health effects of COVID-19, and shifts in other domains of life (e.g., employment). These lifestyle changes are likely to impact the well-being of individuals and their romantic relationships. This investigation examined how COVID-19 influenced couple and individual well-being in real-time during the early phase of the pandemic. Data were collected in early May 2020 during shelter-in-place orders in the United States. Participants in committed relationships (n = 332) completed an online survey assessing their experiences currently and before the pandemic. Results suggested that while couple functioning overall maintained or even improved, individual well-being was more negatively impacted by the pandemic. Moreover, some groups who are at higher risk of a poor health outcome from COVID-19 or experience unique challenges as a result of COVID-19 reported worse outcomes (e.g., those whose employment changed) while others did not decline in their psychological and couple functioning (e.g., Black individuals and older individuals). These findings suggest that the pandemic has had varied impacts on couples and individuals, as well as across different virus-related risk factors. Further research is needed to understand the nuanced effects of this pandemic on couples and individuals across time.
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (SCD) is a neurodevelopmental communication disorder introduced for the first time in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; (American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed. Washington, DC: Author, 2013.)). It is characterized by difficulties in the understanding and use of verbal and nonverbal communication. Individuals with SCD present with a heterogenous profile of language, social communication, and behaviour skills. This chapter examines the profile of individuals with SCD and considers how it differs from that of other neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Clinical management of individuals with SCD is also addressed. Key considerations, such as culture, are discussed as professionals must be aware of cultural practices and other influences on social communication, particularly in relation to the assessment of SCD. Current best assessment practices include a combination of parent-, teacher-, and self-report measures of social communication performance, conversation and narrative language sampling, observations of peer interactions, and norm-referenced tests. Evidence-based intervention approaches for supporting social communication performance include individualized programs to address pragmatic language and social cognition, social skills groups to practice the skills needed for specific situations, and peer support interventions to facilitate positive interactions among individuals with social communication concerns and their typical peers.
Granulomatous mastitis: An underdiagnosed inflammatory disease afflicting minority women

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an underdiagnosed and understudied benign inflammatory disease of the breast whose accurate diagnosis is confounded by mimicry of other breast pathologies (infectious mastitis and abscess, malignancy) and limited clinician knowledge of the disease. GM disproportionately affects minority women, furthering health disparities for a demographic already disadvantaged in the care of breast diseases. The first step in diagnosis is ultrasound followed by core needle biopsy yielding granulomatous inflammation. To far lesser degree, mammography, and MRI may play a role in narrowing the differential. A high index of clinical suspicion and multidisciplinary approach is required. The presence of Corynebacterium kroppensteddti may indicate one subtype of granulomatous mastitis called cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis; disease stratification, and individualized therapy are on the horizon.
Myocardial infarction in the practices of a group of private physicians. IV. Factors related to the longevity of patients with myocardial infarction during the first five years.

Abstract The mortality which occurred during the first five years following 156 first myocardial infarctions and 62 later than first infarctions has been described. Using relative survival rates it has been shown that: 1. 1. The excess mortality was very great during the first few weeks after the infarction, and continued as an excess but at a lower level throughout the five years. 2. 2. Survivorship following later than first infarctions was less favorable than following first infarctions during the first six months, but after that no statistically significant difference was found. 3. 3. Men and women had about the same prognosis for the five year period. 4. 4. Congestive heart failure in combination with a new arrhythmia was especially serious. In each period of time after the infarction, the survivors starting the period had a high mortality during the period. 5. 5. This was also true of congestive failure in the absence of arrhythmia, but to a reduced degree. Congestive failure contributed to a continuing poor prognosis whether it existed prior to the onset of the infarction or developed as an early complication of it. 6. 6. The number of patients with diabetes was small, and subdivision into smaller groups was not feasible. However, even those diabetics who had no complications during the first month had a relatively poor five year prognosis.