cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Business Skill Development by Graduates of the University of Michigan Dental School

Many graduating dentists leave dental school feeling that they are not prepared to start and run a dental practice. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the knowledge and perceptions dental graduates have in the area of practice management. A twenty-item survey was mailed in the fall of 2008 to nearly half of the University of Michigan dental school alumni who had graduated between the years of 1997 and 2007. Respondents were asked about their demographics, practice characteristics, and perceptions of knowledge/experience regarding practice management skills at the present time as well as at graduation. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The majority of respondents were general practitioners (84 percent) aged thirty to thirty-nine practicing between six and ten years with practice incomes reported to be greater than $300,000 per year (79 percent). Most dentists reported being either an owner or co-owner of the practice (57 percent), and 33 percent reported being an associate in the practice. Upon graduation, 7 percent of the respondents felt that they had a strong knowledge of accounting or human resource issues; this perception increased to 47 percent at the present time. Similarly, less than 6 percent of respondents felt they understood issues pertaining to dental insurance upon graduation; this perception increased to 68 percent after having spent time in the workforce. In contrast to the large increase in knowledge/experience in business aspects of dentistry that had accrued since graduation, most alumni reported only a 7 percent increase in their knowledge of the legal aspects of dental practice. Results from this study indicate that interventions are needed to increase graduating dentists' knowledge of practice management and close the gap between their knowledge and its application in real life. The majority of alumni believed there is a need to improve the curriculum focused on these aspects of dental practice.
Sensitivity of static noise margins to random dopant variations in 6-T SRAM cells

Abstract The random dopant induced fluctuations of static noise margins (SNM) in 6-T SRAM cells are analyzed by using the formalism of doping sensitivity functions, which show how sensitive the SNM are to variations of the doping concentration at different locations inside the cell. The technique presented in this article is based on a full circuit perturbation theory at the level of each device transport model. It provides important information for the design and optimization of SNM and can capture correlation effects of doping fluctuations inside the same semiconductor device and between more devices. The bias points and the magnitude of random dopant induced fluctuations are computed by solving the Poisson, current continuity, and density–gradient equations for all the devices self-consistently (mixed-mode simulation). Simulation results for a well scaled SRAM cell with 30 nm channel length transistors show that the most sensitive regions to doping fluctuations extend for approximately 10 nm below the oxide/semiconductor interface and are located in the middle of the conduction channels for both the p-channel and n-channel transistors. It is apparent that random dopant induced fluctuations can significantly impinge on the yield and reliability of SRAM circuits and constitute a fundamental limit for further scaling unless these devices are properly optimized.
PSEUDOTYPED VIRUSES PERMIT RAPID DETECTION OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES IN HUMAN AND EQUINE SERUM AGAINST VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS

Virus envelope proteins are the primary targets of neutralizing antibody responses. The epitopes recognized differ sufficiently between virus subtypes and species to distinguish viruses and provide an important basis for disease diagnosis. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) causes acute febrile illness in humans and has high mortality in equines. The most specific detection methods for serum antibodies use live virus in neutralization assays or in blocking enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. However, work with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus requires biosafety level 3 containment and select agent security in the United States. We report two new assays for detection of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus neutralizing antibody responses, based on virus pseudotypes. The first provides detection by marker gene expression after 20 hours and is particularly suited for high-throughput screening; the second uses a new, rapid virus entry assay to give readouts within 1 hour. Both assays are safe, sensitive, and in general recapitulate neutralizing antibody titers obtained by conventional plaque reduction assays. Each is suitable as a rapid primary screen for detection of neutralizing antibodies against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.
An INDO-molecular orbital study of vibronic effects in isotopically substituted methyl radicals

The isotope shifts in the isotropic hyperfine coupling constants of certain isotopically substituted methyl radicals are evaluated from vibronic wave functions in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, with the electronic wave function calculated via self-consistent field molecular orbital theory with the INDO approximations for atomic and molecular integrals. The theory at this level of approximation is found to accommodate quite well the trends in the experimentally observed quantities, and to provide a basis for a discussion of the reasons for the observed trends in terms of the orbital description of electronic structure.
Ore-type degree conditions for a graph to be H-linked

Given a fixed multigraph H with V(H) = {h1,…, hm}, we say that a graph G is H-linked if for every choice of m vertices v1, &, vm in G, there exists a subdivision of H in G such that for every i, vi is the branch vertex representing hi. This generalizes the notion of k-linked graphs (as well as some other notions). For a family ${\cal H}$ of graphs, a graph G is ${\cal H}$-linked if G is H-linked for every $H\in {\cal H}$. In this article, we estimate the minimum integer r = r(n, k, d) such that each n-vertex graph with $\sigma_{2}(G)\ge {r}$ is ${\cal H}$-linked, where ${\cal H}$ is the family of simple graphs with k edges and minimum degree at least $d \ge 2$. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 58: 1426, 2008
Cellular Defense Systems of the Echinodermata

The echinoderms are of particular interest in phylogenetic studies because of their relatedness to the vertebrate subphylum. During the early Precambrian period, the animal kingdom is believed to have diverged into two major groups, known as the deuterostomes and the protostomes. Both the echinoderms and the vertebrates are deuterostomes, while all other invertebrates are classified as protostomes. The two groups are distinguished on the basis of major differences in early development, which may suggest that they were derived from different ancestors. “Protostome” is Greek for “mouth first” and in this group, the mouth is derived from the embryonic blastopore. The blastopore gives rise to the anus in deuterostomes (“mouth later”), while the mouth develops as a separate invagination. The pattern of cell cleavage also varies in the two groups. Cells are oriented in a spiral pattern in protostomes, whereas the blastomeres are positioned directly upon one another in the deuterostomes, resulting in a radial cleavage pattern. Early separation of the blastomeres in deuterostomes gives rise to complete individuals; this type of development is known as indeterminate cleavage. It does not occur in protostomes, where removal of blastomeres results in deformed embryos. Cleavage is said to be determinate in the latter case. During later development, the two groups also differ in formation of mesoderm and the coelomic cavity.
Assessment of Function in the Transplanted Kidney with 131I Hippuran

After transplantation of a kidney, several clinical problems or complications may develop. On many occasions, the first step is to determine whether or not the homograft is viable. Complications are acute rejection, ureteral obstruction and leakage of urine into the peritoneal cavity.
Fabrication and Characterization of Electrical Interconnects and Microfluidic Cooling for 3D ICS With Silicon Interposer

Heat generation in high-performance three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) is a significant challenge due to limited heat removal paths and high power density. To address this challenge, this paper presents an embedded microfluidic heat sink (MFHS) for such high-performance 3D ICs. In the proposed 3D IC system, each tier contains an embedded MFHS, along with high-aspect-ratio (23:1) through-silicon vias (TSVs) routed through the MFHS. In each tier, solder-based electrical and fluidic inputs/outputs are co-fabricated with wafer-level batch fabrication. Moreover, microfluidic cooling experiments of staggered micropin-fins with embedded TSVs are presented for the first time.
Loss of Cement-Bone Interlock With in Vivo Service in Total Knee Replacement

INTRODUCTION: Aseptic loosening continues to be a short and long-term complication for patients with cemented knee replacements. Changes in cemented total knee replacement (TKR) fixation have been limited to assessment of radiographic changes at the implant-bone interface and quantification of component migration. The goal of this study was to determine the interlock morphology between cement and trabecular bone using en bloc postmortem retrieved TKR. Note that these retrievals were not obtained from revision surgery for a loose implant, but rather after death. Thus the implants can be considered successful for the lifetime of the patient. We hypothesized that constructs with greater time in service have less interlock between cement and bone and constructs with more estimated initial interlock sustain more interlock with in-vivo service. METHODS: Twelve retrieved tibial components and two lab-prepared constructs with time in service from 0 to 20 years were sectioned in the transverse plane in 10 mm increments, imaged at high resolution, and the current contact fraction ( curCF ), estimated initial interdigation depth ( inID ), current interdigitation depth ( curID ), and loss of interdigitation depth ( lossID ) were quantified at the cement-bone interface. Contact fraction was determined using a stereology method using random ray projections (Figure 1A). The trabecular shape cast into the cement layer upon curing was used to document the initial penetration of bone into the cement. A line tracing algorithm was used to determine interdigiation depth (Figure 1B). RESULTS: There was no biological resorption for the lab prepared constructs (Figure 2A-B). In contrast, a postmortem retrieval (5 years in service) illustrates trabecular resorption with some areas of bone remaining in the cement layer (Figure 2C-D). The curCF (r 2 = 0.54, p = 0.0027) and curID (r 2 = 0.33, p = 0.033) were lower for constructs with longer time in service (Figure 3). The lossID had a strong positive relationship with time in service (r 2 = 0.74, p inID had higher curID (p = 0.011) , but constructs with more time in service also had lower curID (p = 0.008). DISCUSSION: The cement-trabecular bone interlock that is obtained initially appears to diminish with in-vivo service by resorption of the trabeculae within the cement interlock region. The resulting fixation for longer term constructs (>10 years) was limited, with cement-bone contact fractions of ∼7% and interdigitation depths of ∼0.4 mm. This appears to be sufficient to support load transfer between the metal tray and proximal tibia, as these retrievals were from radiographically well fixed components. The work here supports the surgical concept of obtaining sufficient initial cement interlock (∼3 mm), with the acknowledgement that there will be loss of interlock with in-vivo service. It is possible that loss of interlock contributes to the loosening process of cemented TKR. Further work is needed to understand how loss of interlock affects interface strength.
The Drug Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

There are three pharmaceutical compounds which are now popular in the U.S.A. for treatment of hyperlipidemia. At least two of these seem to have different mechanisms of action, insofar as we presently understand them, and may therefore be accepted as supplementary to each other in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. In fact, it is axiomatic that, if one affects the blood lipids by a different mechanism than the other, the combination will work better than either drug alone.
CONVERSION OF METHIONINE HYDROXY ANALOGUE TO METHIONINE IN THE CHICK.

Abstract SINCE the hydroxy analogue of methionine (2-hydroxy, 4-methylthiobutyric acid) will support the growth of rats and chickens (Block and Jackson, 1932; Gordon and Sizer, 1954; Bird, 1952) the mechanism of its conversion to methionine was investigated. The utilization by the rat of alpha keto methionine and its conversion to methionine in the presence of suitable amino donors (Cahill and Rudolph, 1942; Meister and Tice, 1950; Meister et al., 1952 Meister, 1954) suggest that the keto acid is an intermediary between the hydroxy analogue and methionine. IN VIVO STUDIES Synthetic S35-labelled methionine hydroxy analogue (Blake and Wineman, 1956) and labelled methionine (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois) were administered intravenously or encapsulated, admixed on a standard chick ration (“LC2 and LC2M,” Gordon and Sizer, 1955), to New Hampshire cockerels, 4–6 weeks old maintained in individual metabolism cages. Methionine was isolated from liver protein of the sacrificed chicks by the method of Weiss…
Novel Nanofiltration Hollow Fiber Membrane Produced via Electrospinning

Submicrometer polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via concentric electrospinning and were assembled into a filtration module. The module operated in an “inside-out” mode where a feed solution is introduced through the lumen while filtrate is collected from outside the fiber wall through a side arm. The relatively smooth PAN fibers exhibited 530 and 890 nm average inner and outer diameters, respectively. The performance of the hollow fibers was tested by filtering an Indigo carmine dye and NaCl solutions. The dye solution passed through the PAN fibers, and the filtrate was colorless indicating that water but not dye permeates through the fiber walls. In a similar fashion, the NaCl solution was desalinated with 97.7% ± 0.6 salt rejection.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Superantigens

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) are a family of structurally related proteins that are produced by Staphylococcus aureus. They play a role in the pathogenesis of food poisoning and are the most potent activators of T lymphocytes known. The receptors for SE on antigen-presenting cells are major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Recent studies have shown that a complex of SE and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules is required for binding to the variable region of the T cell antigen receptor beta-chain. SE mitogenic activity is dependent on induction of interleukin 2, which may be intimately involved in the mechanism of SE toxicity. The minor lymphocyte-stimulating "endogenous" self-superantigen has recently been shown to be a retroviral gene product, so that this too is apparently a microbial superantigen. An understanding of the mechanism of action of these microbial superantigens has implications for normal and pathological immune functions.
Multidimensional Perfectionism and Internalizing Problems: Do Teacher and Classmate Support Matter?:

Adolescent stressors coupled with environmental demands, such as pressures to achieve, might lead to negative outcomes for some students. Students who worry about their ability to meet high standar...
Identification of Hearing Loss in Infants and Young Children

An infant's hearing loss is detectable at any age. In spite of the importance of identifying deafness early, we do a poor job largely because the medical community is neither aware nor convinced that finding hearing loss is worth the trouble. There are two public health strategies for early detection, the high risk register (family history, hyperbilirubinemia, prematurity, rubella, and maxillofacial anomalies) and behavioral screening. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The incidence of handicapping hearing loss in newborns is 1 per 380 births and 1 per 61 in babies admitted to an intensive care nursery. This is higher than generally believed and may be one favorable result of using a new automated hearing screening system--the Crib-o-gram. In most deaf babies there is more than one risk factor present. Evaluating a hearing suspect baby demands a high index of suspicion, and taking the parent's suspicions seriously. The chances that a hearing loss exists at one year of age is about 1 in 4 on parental suspicion alone, regardless of what the physician's opinion might be. Immediate referral upon suspicion needs to occur more often than it does.
Assembling Large DNA Segments in Yeast

As described in a different chapter in this volume, the uracil-specific excision reaction (USER) fusion method can be used to assemble multiple small DNA fragments (∼0.75-kb size) into larger 3-kb DNA segments both in vitro and in vivo (in Escherichia coli). However, in order to assemble an entire synthetic yeast genome (Sc2.0 project), we need to be able to assemble these 3-kb pieces into larger DNA segments or chromosome-sized fragments. This assembly into larger DNA segments is carried out in vivo, using homologous recombination in yeast. We have successfully used this approach to assemble a 40-kb chromosome piece in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A lithium acetate (LiOAc) protocol using equimolar amount of overlapping smaller fragments was employed to transform yeast. In this chapter, we describe the assembly of 3-kb fragments with an overlap of one building block (∼750 base pairs) into a 40-kb DNA piece.
Path Integrals and Smart Monte Carlo - I

We present “Smart Monte Carlo” or SMC, improving the efficiency of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. SMC has two “stages”. The first stage, run adaptively for each deal, produces equivalent results to standard MC simulation using fewer calls to the time-consuming pricing functions. The second SMC stage is standard MC simulation for a portfolio, using price look-ups from the first SMC stage. The result has improved accuracy and speed. Examples are given.
The Current Condition of Visual Communication in Colleges and Universities of the United States

This paper is a discussion of the current condition of visual communication in American colleges and universities. In doing so, it analyzes the importance of visual communication and the unique epi...
Revisions to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Sleep Questions.

Study Objectives:To revise and enhance the current Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) sleep questions for detection of sleep/wake disorders that contribute to health burden.Methods:...
Donald Keene, The Winter Sun Shines In: A Life of Masaoka Shiki

The multifaceted and influential literary contributions of Masaoka Shiki (1867–1902) are so extensive as to seem inconceivable given his short life. Shiki was born Masaoka Noboru in Matsuyama on Sh...
Microenvironmental Regulation of Glioblastoma (P5.252)

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults with median survival below two years. Multiple cell types contribute to GBM progression favoring brain parenchyma invasion and protecting the tumor from attacks by the immune system or therapeutics. Despite the evidence that normal cells play key roles in cancer maintenance, the focus of cancer research has been centered on the malignant phenotype. Objective: Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures represent the standard for in vitro studies, however three-dimensional (3D) environments, especially when cell co-culture systems are employed, provide better insight on developing tumors behavior, allowing recreation of microenvironmental characteristics. This study focused on establishing an accurate replica of GBM microenvironments in vitro, by co-culturing patient-derived undifferentiated GBM cells with endothelial cells in 3D-Matrigel supports. Design/Methods: GBM and HUVEC endothelial cells were fluorescently labeled with lentiviral infection via firefly luciferase Luc2-TomatoRed and lentiviral gene ontology LeGO-cerulean vector respectively, then cultured either alone or together with the aim to determine GBM survival and proliferation between the systems, 3D versus 2D. Cell viability was assessed via CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assays, while cell morphology, growth, and invasion were observed under confocal fluorescent microscope. Results: After assessing the best culturing conditions, the viability assay indicated that, when compared to the GBM cells alone (Control), while in the 2D co-culture GBM cells unexpectedly showed a decreased proliferation rate, in 3D co-culture Matrigel format GBM cells grew exponentially, as normally expected in the presence of microenvironmental influence. Conclusions: Overall our data suggest that the 3D co-culture better resembles tumor growth and survival than 2D co-culture. The use of 3D co-culture system may be more effective for working with cancer in vitro in resembling in vivo processes. Such technique might be more useful in observing cancer invasion and proliferation and, ultimately, drug preparation for cancer treatment. Disclosure: Dr. Rugino has nothing to disclose.
Robotic Resistance Treadmill Training Improves Locomotor Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Abstract Objective To determine whether applying controlled resistance forces to the legs during the swing phase of gait may improve the efficacy of treadmill training as compared with applying controlled assistance forces in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Design Randomized controlled study. Setting Research unit of a rehabilitation hospital. Participants Children with spastic CP (N=23; mean age, 10.6y; range, 6–14y; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels, I–IV). Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to receive controlled assistance (n=11) or resistance (n=12) loads applied to the legs at the ankle. Participants underwent robotic treadmill training 3 times a week for 6 weeks (18 sessions). A controlled swing assistance/resistance load was applied to both legs starting from the toe-off to mid-swing phase of gait during training. Main Outcome Measures Outcome measures consisted of overground walking speed, 6-minute walk distance, and Gross Motor Function Measure scores and were assessed pre and post 6 weeks of training and 8 weeks after the end of training. Results After 6 weeks of treadmill training in participants from the resistance training group, fast walking speed and 6-minute walk distance significantly improved (18% and 30% increases, respectively), and 6-minute walk distance was still significantly greater than that at baseline (35% increase) 8 weeks after the end of training. In contrast, overground gait speed and 6-minute walk distance had no significant changes after robotic assistance training. Conclusions The results of the present study indicated that robotic resistance treadmill training is more effective than assistance training in improving locomotor function in children with CP.
l-Cysteine supplementation increases insulin sensitivity mediated by upregulation of GSH and adiponectin in high glucose treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Abstract Diabetic patients have lower blood levels of l -cysteine (LC) and glutathione (GSH). This study examined the hypothesis that LC supplementation positively up regulates the effects of insulin on GSH and glucose metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocyte model. 3T3L1 adipocytes were treated with LC (250 μM, 2 h) and/or insulin (15 or 30 nM, 2 h), and high glucose (HG, 25 mM, 20 h). Results showed that HG caused significant increase (95%) in ROS and reduction in the protein levels of DsbA-L (43%), adiponectin (64%), GCLC (20%), GCLM (21%), GSH (50%), and GLUT-4 (23%) in adipocytes. Furthermore, HG caused a reduction in total (35%) and HMW adiponectin (30%) secretion. Treatment with insulin alone significantly (p
The Local Asymptotics of Continuum Eigenfunciton Expansions

Two theses are advanced: (1) The study of “spectral invariants” can and should be extended to operators with continuous spectra. (2) The subject is closely related to the asymptotic approximation of eigenfunctions by a local amplitude and a phase integral. This program has been carried out in the case of vector-valued functions of one variable.
Uso de componentes principales en datos composicionales

Cuando se dispone de datos multidimensionales, es deseable reducir su dimensionalidad, a cambio de perder una parte de la informacion. Esto es debido a que es muy dificil representar y entender la informacion contenida en datos de dimensiones mayores que 2 o 3. La reduccion de dimensionalidad puede hacerse de diferentes formas, apuntando todas ellas a que la perdida de informacion, por la simplificacion que se hace, sea minima.
The U.S.-Mexico border: a time-trend analysis of border-crossing injuries.

Background Policies over the past 15 years have resulted in changes to the physical border between the U.S. and Mexico, as well as increases in the number of border patrol agents. Purpose The purpose of this study is to characterize the trends and epidemiology of physically traumatic border-crossing injuries sustained over an 8-year period in San Diego County. Methods This is a time–series study using existing data collected by the University of California, San Diego Level 1 Trauma Center between 2000 and 2007. This study includes data for individuals traumatically injured owing to a jump or fall in an attempt to cross over the border fence. Time-trend analysis was conducted using Poisson regression. A multiple linear regression was conducted to determine whether there was an increase in the severity of injuries to border crossers between 2000 and 2007. Results Analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of those injured each year specifically as a result of jumping or falling from the border fence, from 13 in 2000 to 52 in 2007, even though there was a decrease in the number of apprehensions for illegal entry into the U.S. On average, each year, the injury severity decreased by 0.38 between the years 2000 and 2007. Conclusions Jumping and falling injuries at the San Diego–Mexico border increased during a time when apprehensions were decreasing. Further studies are needed to identify strategies to mitigate this problem.
Numerical approximations to a fractional Kawarada quenching problem

Abstract A numerical approximation is developed, analyzed, and investigated for quenching solutions to a degenerate Kawarada problem with a left and right Riemann-Liouville fractional Laplacian over a finite one dimensional domain. The numerical analysis provides criterion for the numerical approximations to be monotonic, nonnegative, and linearly stable throughout the computation. The numerical algorithm is used to develop an experimental scaling law relating the critical quenching domain size to the order of fractional derivative. Additional experiments indicate that imbalanced left and right derivative transport coefficients can attenuate or prevent quenching from occurring.
Understanding Long-term Remission Off Therapy in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.

Introduction In antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated (ANCA) vasculitis, relapse risk and long-term immunosuppressive therapy are problematic. Stopping immunotherapy has not been well described. Methods The Glomerular Disease Collaborative Network ANCA vasculitis inception cohort was evaluated. Patients who stopped all immunotherapy and those continuously on immunotherapy (≥2 years) were included. Time to first period off therapy was modeled with end-stage kidney disease and death as competing risks to understand influences of stopping therapy. Cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and P values are reported. Models controlled for age, sex, ANCA specificity, organ involvement, diagnosis era, and treatments (yes/no). Repeated events analysis was used to assess the time-dependent variable of time off treatment on recurrent relapse with HRs, 95% CIs, and P values are reported (same control variables without treatments). Results In 427 patients, 277 (65%) stopped therapy (median 20 months from initial induction); 14% for ≥2 different periods of time and 23% for periods ≥5 years. In multivariable models of time to discontinuation of treatment, women (HR 1.33; 95% CI 1.04–1.70; P = 0.024) and those treated with pulse methylprednisolone (HR 1.39; 95% CI 1.05–1.84; P = 0.020) were more likely to stop. The time-dependent variable of time off treatment was associated with fewer recurrent relapses (HR 0.51; 95% CI 0.41–0.63; P Conclusions Stopping immunotherapy was common. Women and those treated with methylprednisolone stop treatment more often, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. Stopping treatment was associated with fewer relapses, suggesting that even without guidelines there may be benefits without an untoward detriment of relapse.
Symmetry-enhanced remote dicarbanion annulations for latent cycloalkenones: Applications to alkaloids and terpenes

Abstract Functionalized 1,n-dicarbanions (n=4, 5, 6) react with α, α′-methallyl dihalides to produce n+3 substituted α-methylenecycloalkanes that are synthetic equivalents of two differentiable cycloalkenones.
Cultural Values Matter: The Therapeutic Alliance with East Asian Americans

East Asian Americans, and Asian Americans broadly, engage in psychotherapy less than their White and minority peers. Given the mental health needs of this growing population, this comprehensive review examines the development of the therapeutic alliance with East Asian American families through the lens of cultural values that may be salient to East Asian American clients' mental health and therapeutic needs. The article explains that unique East Asian values may contribute to the development of the therapeutic alliance with East Asian American families. Given the state of the research, this article strove to elucidate what the field of Marriage and Family Therapy knows and how family therapy may be an approach that aligns with East Asian American cultural values. Finally, the article outlines a case example that explains how cultural values impacted an East Asian American family and how a culturally-aware family therapy approach may help develop a therapeutic alliance with the family.
The conserved DNMT1 dependent methylation regions in human cells are vulnerable to environmental rotenone.

Abstract Allele-specific DNA methylation (ASM) describes genomic loci that maintain CpG methylation at only one inherited allele rather than having coordinated methylation across both alleles. The most prominent of these regions are germline ASMs (gASMs) that control the expression of imprinted genes in a parent of origin-dependent manner and are associated with disease. However, our recent report reveals numerous ASMs at non-imprinted genes. These non-germline ASMs are dependent on DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and strikingly show the feature of random, switchable monoallelic methylation patterns in the mouse genome. The significance of these ASMs to human health has not been explored. Due to their shared allelicity with gASMs, herein, we propose that non-traditional ASMs are sensitive to exposures in association with human disease. We first explore their conservancy in the human genome. Our data show that our putative non-germline ASMs were in conserved regions of the human genome and located adjacent to genes vital for neuronal development and maturation. We next tested the hypothesized vulnerability of these regions by exposing human embryonic kidney cell HEK293 with the neurotoxicant rotenone for 24h. Indeed,14 genes adjacent to our identified regions were differentially expressed from RNA-sequencing. We analyzed the base-resolution methylation patterns of the predicted non-germline ASMs at two neurological genes, HCN2 and NEFM, with potential to increase the risk of neurodegeneration. Both regions were significantly hypomethylated in response to rotenone. Our data indicate that non-germline ASMs seem conserved between mouse and human genomes, overlap important regulatory factor binding motifs, and regulate the expression of genes vital to neuronal function. These results support the notion that ASMs are sensitive to environmental factors and may alter the risk of neurological disease later in life by disrupting neuronal development.
A 3D Printed UHF Passive RFID tag for Plastic Components

In this paper, 3D printing by additive manufacturing is employed to fabricate a UHF RFID tag compatible with direct integration into 3D printable plastic parts. A standard meandered dipole design is chosen for the transceiver antenna to receive the query signal and respond back with the identification information to the interrogator operating in the FCC approved RFID range (902-928 MHz). The antenna is printed on a plastic substrate with the RFID chip embedded using a face-up embedding process. The printed tag has a read range of 6 m making the performance comparable with conventional UHF RFID tags. The tag can be easily integrated with plastic parts that are 3D printing compatible such as car bumpers, pill bottles, etc.
Lumbar Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

This chapter will discuss the pathophysiology, exam, diagnosis, and management of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). In brief, LDH is a common pathology that affects a significant percentage of the population. The natural history of LDH is favorable, and excellent results have been obtained following conservative management. Anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and epidural steroid injections make up the mainstay of nonoperative treatment. However, large-scale SPORT suggests that patients managed with discectomy may have a more favorable outcome when compared to conservative treatment. A “mini-open” technique is the most common modality of discectomy performed; however, minimally invasive approaches are gaining popularity. The use of a tubular retractor system typifies the modern minimally invasive approach. A number of randomized controlled trials comparing open discectomy to minimally invasive microdiscectomy have been performed, demonstrating that both techniques are equally effective at relieving pain and have comparable reherniation rates. Overall complication rates are similar between open and minimally invasive approaches; however, the number of incidental durotomies is higher with minimally invasive approaches, likely reflective of the learning curve. Minimally invasive approaches offer the potential benefit of less soft tissue trauma and faster recovery; however, they are technically demanding. Excellent results can be obtained with either a minimally invasive or open approach.
181 – Stroke Rehabilitation

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the rehabilitation of a patient after a stroke. Stroke is the most common cause of disability and reason for rehabilitation in individuals over 60. The highly variable outcome of stroke from any cause generally governs the need for rehabilitation programs. Rehabilitation for patients with stroke should begin immediately after the development of physical disability that does not rapidly recover. Paresis or paralysis of one side of the body is the most common reason for rehabilitation. The type of stroke usually does not affect the need for rehabilitation, because the degree of physical disability is the main feature in deciding the need. In the acute care hospital, rehabilitation generally involves preventive measures which should be routine to avoid later complications. These include the muscle contracture due to immobile extremities and joints, pressure sores, and shoulder injury with the “shoulder–hand syndrome.” The effects of rehabilitation are greatly influenced by the severity of the neurologic deficit and whether there is natural recovery. Correlating the severity of the neurological deficit with the ability to ambulate with and without assistance and ability to achieve a Barthel score gives a good indication of the chances of becoming independent.
Transmission Electron Microscopy: Applications in Nanotechnology

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) offers multiple advanced techniques such as imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy to learn essential information about the physical, chemical, and structural properties of materials at the microscale to nanoscale to atomic scale. It is a critical tool for studies of sizes, shapes, defects, crystal and surface structures, compositions, and electronic states of nanometer-size areas of thin films, nanoparticles, and nanostructured systems. This article first gives a brief introduction to the TEM-based techniques. It then highlights recent application examples of TEM in the studies of nanostructured heat-assisted magnetic materials, electronics, and photovoltaics to illustrate the critical role of the TEM techniques in various research and development fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Drug overdose mortality among stateside Puerto Ricans: Evidence of a health disparity.

Abstract Background This study compared drug overdose mortality rates in Puerto Rican-heritage and Non-Hispanic (NH) White individuals in the United States (US), examining time trends and recent variation by age, sex, state of residence, and drugs involved in overdose. Methods Death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics, as well as American Community Survey population estimates, were used to calculate age-specific and age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rates for Puerto Rican-heritage and NH White residents of the 50 United States or District of Columbia (DC). Rates for 2018 were compared between Puerto Rican-heritage and NH White individuals, overall and by sex, age, state, and specific drug involved in overdose. Joinpoint Regression was used to examine trends in drug overdose mortality rates from 2009 to 2018. Results From 2009 to 2018, the age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rate in stateside Puerto Ricans doubled among women (from 6.0 to 12.5 per 100,000) and nearly tripled among men (from 15.3 to 45.2 per 100,000). In 2018, the age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rate was significantly higher in Puerto Rican-heritage than NH White individuals (28.7 vs. 26.2 per 100,000, respectively). The 2018 drug overdose mortality rate was highest among Puerto Rican-heritage men ages 45–54 (104.1 per 100,000). Conclusion Findings emphasize the necessity of policies, programs, and interventions to mitigate risk of fatal overdose in stateside Puerto Rican communities.
The effect of a nursing strike on emergency department operational metrics

Abstract Background In July of 2017, after more than 15 months of negotiations, an academic teaching hospital in Boston failed to reach an agreement on the terms of contract renewal with its nursing union resulting in a strike. Replacement nurses were hired by the hospital to fulfill nursing duties for five days. Objectives This study aims to measure the effects of this nursing strike on the patients seen in the emergency department (ED) by examining operational metrics before and during the strike. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patient visits occurring for the five days of the strike (July 12-16, 2017) compared with the analogous five-day period immediately preceding that of the strike (July 5-9, 2017). Results During the strike, ED volume decreased by 23.6% (691 vs. 528 visits), and the decrease was more pronounced for adult vs. pediatric visits. There were no differences in patient sex, race/ethnicity or age groups. EMS transports decreased by 49.1% (171 vs. 87 transports). Although patient dispositions were similar in both periods, length of stay decreased for discharged patients (median 204 vs 178 minutes, p=0.01), and did not change significantly for admitted patients (median 322 vs. 320 minutes, p=0.33). There was one patient death in each of the periods. Conclusion Although rare, nursing strikes do occur. These data may be useful for hospitals preparing for a strike.
Right-Wing Populists Threaten Business Interests in Liberal Democracies

Right-wing populism is transforming the relationship between business and politics in capitalist democracies. “F*ck business” – Boris Johnson’s remark makes bluntly clear that the era when business and big banks were said to run the world is over. With the advent of Brexit and Trump, interest in populism has surged, but relatively little is known about how businesses are navigating populist politics. This contribution aims to enhance our understanding of European business responses to the populist right.
Finnish Municipalities 1880 to 1974: Creating Harmonized Statistical Units Over a Century

A rich universe of municipality-level or municipality-aggregated data is available for Finland, going back more than 150 years. The unit of analysis -- the municipality -- however, has been unstable across this period, thus making consistent data analysis difficult and time-consuming. I propose a transparent data-harmonization procedure, and provide the underlying data, crosswalks, and automated scripts to perform harmonization for the 1880 to 1974 time period.
Non-Transgenic Functional Rescue of Neuropeptides

Abstract Animals constantly respond to changes in their environment and internal states via neuromodulation. Neuropeptide genes modulate neural circuits by encoding either multiple copies of the same neuropeptide or different neuropeptides. This architectural complexity makes it difficult to determine the function of discrete and active neuropeptides. Here, we present a novel genetic tool that facilitates functional analysis of individual peptides. We engineered Escherichia coli bacteria to express active peptides and fed loss-of-function Caenorhabditis elegans to rescue gene activity. Using this approach, we rescued the activity of different neuropeptide genes with varying lengths and functions: trh-1, ins-6, and pdf-1. While some peptides are functionally redundant, others exhibited unique and previously uncharacterized functions. The mechanism of peptide uptake is reminiscent of RNA interference, suggesting convergent mechanisms of gene regulation in organisms. Our rescue-by-feeding paradigm provides a high-throughput screening strategy to elucidate the functional landscape of neuropeptide genes regulating different behavioral and physiological processes.
Troublesome Knowledge: Identifying Barriers To Innovate For Breakthroughs In Learning To Teach Online

Embedded within advice for starting simple with online, blended, or technology-enhanced teaching are practices that can be troublesome for some faculty who are learning to teach this way. For example, embedded within the principle of a clear, organized, navigable course can be the concept of chunking content into modules, the skills associated with screen casting and posting a course tour, and the practice of socializing students to the course organization through demonstration, explanation, and reinforcement. This empirical-qualitative study collected 123 cases of troublesome knowledge from 41 participants and analyzed them through Perkins’ troublesome knowledge framework. Results include subcategories and common themes across cases of inert, ritual, conceptually difficult, tacit, and foreign/alien knowledge. From these results, we recommend that faculty development approaches should take specific aspects and cases of troublesome knowledge into consideration for online teaching preparation.
Comparison of Acute Panmyelosis with Myelofibrosis and Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia: A Mayo Clinic Study

Introduction Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (APMF) is classified under acute myeloid leukemia not otherwise specified by World Health organization (WHO). The clinical course of this entity is rapidly progressive and fatal, therefore, it is essential to make the accurate diagnosis and distinguish it from its mimickers, particularly acute megakaryoblastic leukemia; AML-M7 (AMKL). The main objective of this study is to identify clinical and pathologic features which could help distinguish APMF from AMKL. Methods We evaluated all patients treated at our institution between 1994 and 2013, with APMF and AMKL. We retrospectively reviewed their clinical data, laboratory results, and initial bone marrow morphologic evaluation. The lineage of blasts was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining with antibodies to CD34, anti-megakaryocyte antibodies CD41, CD61, and polyclonal factor VIII. Flow cytometry and cytogenetic studies were reviewed. Results i) Clinical characteristics 28 patients were studied which included 8 with APMF (median age 63 years) and 20 with AMKL (median age 65 years). Splenomegaly was commonly seen in AMKL (40%) as opposed to APMF (12.5%) (P=0.21). None of the APMF patients had an antecedent hematologic malignancy, compared to 50% of AMKL patients (p=0.02). Accordingly, APMF patients had a lower incidence of the JAK2V617F mutation compared to AMKL (14% vs. 78%, p=0.04). ii) Pathological features Patients with APMF had a hypercellular marrow with increased erythropoiesis (87% vs. 10%, p iii) Treatment Half of our patients received intensive induction chemotherapy in each group. Median survival was similar in APMF and AMKL of 8.6 and 7.6 months respectively (P=0.82). Of the 8 APMF patients, two are alive, with follow-up duration of 14 and 20 months, respectively. In the AMKL group, only one patient is alive, with follow-up duration of 55 months. All three patients have undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Conclusion In summary, our study illustrated important clinical and pathologic differences between APMF and AMKL, two similar but distinct conditions. Allogenic stem cell transplant has shown promise in limited number of cases. Future trials evaluating the efficacy of novel therapies are warranted. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Nature of Chronic Progressive Nephropathy in Aging Rats

Increases in glomerular size and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane are constantfeatures that accompany growth and maturation in animals. Yet, some animals have chronic progressive nephropathy characterized by glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In these animals, clinically significant reductions in glomerular filtration rate may compromise health, particularly when other renal diseases occur concomitantly. Progressive thickening of the glomerular basement membrane is accompanied by changes in its composition, which may be responsible for changes in podocyte morphology and proteinuria. Within the tubulointerstitium, generalized accumulation of fibronectin and thrombospondin are accompanied by blood vessel proliferation. Fragility of these blood vessels with intermittent bleeding may initiate an inflammatory process that leads to focal areas of tubular atrophy and scarring. The pathogenesis of these lesions is unknown. Genetic background, sex, and environmental factors influence the tempo of progressive sclerosis, although these factors are not primary determinants of this lesion. This review highlights the structural changes that occur in the kidney with aging. Because the lesions are structurally similar, information gleaned from studies of aging animals should be relevant to understanding the loss of renal function that occurs in aging humans.