cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-harvest chemical treatments for control of tuber infection byAlternaria solani

Post-harvest application of several chemicals, including captan, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, triphenyl tin hydroxide, captafol, and iprodione signficantly (P=0.05) reduced infection of potato tubers (cv Norchip) byAlternaria solani. Application rates of 5.4 or 8.3 1 of chemical mixture/metric ton were effective although limited evidence indicated that the higher rate may provide additional control. Post-harvest treatments appeared to be effective when disease pressure, as measured by the numbers of lesions per tuber, was low to moderate and seemed to lose effectiveness when disease pressure was high. It is suggested that routine post-harvest applications of effective chemicals coupled with proper storage management in disease prone locations might be an economically feasible way to control early blight losses in storage.
Electromechanical System Configurations For Pointing, Tracking, And Stabilization Applications

A line-of-sight (LOS) stabilized platform is an electromechanical subsystem designed to isolate a "payload" from its environment and point the load in a given direction as it operates in its environment. There are numerous mechanical configurations which may be chosen for design of the stabilization system. Mass Stabilization refers to the class of designs in which the entire payload is supported by a gimbal assembly with as low as practical friction in the gimbal bearings; this approach exploits the inherent tendency for a mass to retain its orientation in inertial space. The control loop is then designed to attenuate the effect of inadvertent torque disturbances due to friction, unbalance and/or other disruptions. Mirror Stabilization refers to the class of designs in which a mirror (or optical element which can alter the LOS) is controlled to achieve steady LOS orientation. The mirror arrangement has an inherent two-to-one optical doubling effect which must be accounted for in the design. Other mechanical configurations also are possible; indeed practical designs may use a combination of several. This paper describes the following approaches to the stabilization and tracking tasks: mass stabilization, mirror stabilization, gear-driven gimbals, and momentum wheels. Block diagrams are given for each approach which are then used to discuss the advantages and limitations of each.
Half-life of 238Pu

Abstract The half-life of 238 Pu has been measured by determining its rate of growth from 242 Cm. The weighted average of two determinations is 86·41 years, with an estimated error of 0·3 year.
A wound-care process model improves emergency department turnaround time.

: Numerous studies demonstrate that patient satisfaction correlates with perceived timeliness of care. Turnaround time data identified laceration patients as a subset of emergency department patients who were not receiving high-quality care. With the Define-Measure-Analyze-Devise-Verify methodology, root causes of delay in operations were sought, and remedies were devised. An education module and an improved patient-care process model were implemented. Through the use of continuous quality improvement, a wound-care process model improved turnaround times for laceration care by 30 minutes.
Uses of electron paramagnetic resonance in studying fracture

The uses of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in studying aspects of polymer fracture are discussed. The sensitivity of EPR is such that all phases of fracture are not amenable to investigation by these means. This paper attempts to define those areas where the authors' experience would indicate that success might or might not be expected. A discussion of the difference between the tensile fracture of drawn polymer fibers, in which strong signals are obtained, and cast and molded materials is given.
MMSET regulates histone H4K20 methylation and 53BP1 accumulation at DNA damage sites

p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is known to be an important mediator of the DNA damage response, with dimethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me2) critical to the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, it is not clear how 53BP1 is specifically targeted to the sites of DNA damage, as the overall level of H4K20me2 does not seem to increase following DNA damage. It has been proposed that DNA breaks may cause exposure of methylated H4K20 previously buried within the chromosome; however, experimental evidence for such a model is lacking. Here we found that H4K20 methylation actually increases locally upon the induction of DSBs and that methylation of H4K20 at DSBs is mediated by the histone methyltransferase MMSET (also known as NSD2 or WHSC1) in mammals. Downregulation of MMSET significantly decreases H4K20 methylation at DSBs and the subsequent accumulation of 53BP1. Furthermore, we found that the recruitment of MMSET to DSBs requires the γH2AX-MDC1 pathway; specifically, the interaction between the MDC1 BRCT domain and phosphorylated Ser 102 of MMSET. Thus, we propose that a pathway involving γH2AX-MDC1-MMSET regulates the induction of H4K20 methylation on histones around DSBs, which, in turn, facilitates 53BP1 recruitment.
Capillaria hepatica: Relation of structure and composition of egg shell to antigen release

Abstract Clean, nonembryonated Capillaria hepatica eggs recovered from infected liver tissue by physical methods as well as eggs obtained after passage through the mouse gastrointestinal tract were examined with the electron microscope. In eggs collected by physical methods the outer membrane showed defects where it was lacking at various points or disrupted. The pillars of the outer shell were frequently broken or fractured resulting in virtual collapse or separation of the outer shell from the inner shell. No shell matrix was observed in any eggs examined. Even more dramatic effects were observed in eggs recovered following passage through the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Clean, nonembryonated eggs collected by physical methods were suspended at 5 C in phosphate-buffered saline. A large amount of protein was released initially into the medium; the amount released then fell to a low level at which it remained for several weeks. Gel diffusion tests with concentrated protein supernatant and C. hepatica egg-derived antigen were compared using appropriate antisera. Bands of identity were present in both; however, egg antigen contained other proteins not present in egg supernatant. These studies indicate that during physical collection of C. hepatica eggs, sufficient damage occurs to allow for the release of materials into host tissue during experimental egg granuloma formation. An hypothesis is presented concerning the viability of C. hepatica eggs in host liver tissue following host cellular response and the possible modes of action which trigger development of eggs after release from infected liver.
A reliable method for the determination of urinary estriol in pregnancy

Abstract A reliable method for the estimation of urinary estriol in pregnancy is presented. This method is based upon acid hydrolysis, solvent partition, methylation and chromatography. Estriol is measured by colorimetry using the Kober reaction. All results are corrected for procedural loss by adding tritium-labelled estriol-16-glucosiduronate to the unhydrolyzed urine. This method proves to be sufficiently specific, accurate and precise. One operator may complete six assays within one working day. It is emphasized that a comprehensive recovery control which includes the initial hydrolytic procedure is essential if estriol determinations are to serve as a diagnostic aid in obstetrics.
Health and Social Outcomes of Moving to a Continuing Care Retirement Community

Abstract This study investigates the experience of moving into a continuing care retirement community (CCRC) for those moving locally (intra-county) and from more of a distance (outside the county). Specifically, we compare the social contacts and health of long distance and local movers before and after their moves. A sample of older adults were interviewed a few months before they moved into a Northeast, United States CCRC and a year and a half after they had moved. As predicted, long distance movers were more apt to experience physical health declines in terms of percentage of health conditions experienced, as well as perceived health status. No such health declines were found for local movers. Contrary to expectations, the greater health declines of long distance movers were independent of their social network contacts, regardless of whether these relationships were with family or friends. Moreover, our evidence suggests that moving to a CCRC does not affect social integration or perceived social supp...
Resistance to Herbicides in Insecticide- Resistant Mosquitofish, Gambusia Affinis

Abstract The relative toxicities of 24 herbicides were determined for insecticide-susceptible mosquitofish. LC50 values were determined for three of the most toxic herbicides (DNBP, 2,4-D butyl ester, and trifluralin) to insecticide-susceptible and resistant mosquitofish to ascertain any differences in toxicity. Insecticide-resistant mosquitofish were found to possess a 1.87X resistance to 2,4-D butyl ester and a 2.05X resistance to trifluralin. This is apparently the first instance in which a species of fish has been shown to be resistant to herbicides.
Predictors of delayed HIV diagnosis in a recently diagnosed cohort.

Delayed diagnosis of HIV is associated with a worse prognosis despite highly active antiretroviral therapy. Many persons with HIV infection are diagnosed late in the disease process. We conducted a study of 119 persons recently diagnosed with HIV infection to determine the association of health literacy and other factors with delayed diagnosis. Patients were recruited from four publicly funded facilities in Houston, Texas. Health literacy was measured with the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA). Delayed diagnosis was assessed by CD4 cell count at diagnosis. Sixty-five percent of patients had CD4 cell counts 350 cells/mm3 or less. Twenty-eight percent had inadequate health literacy, but literacy was not associated with CD4 cell count. Thirty-eight percent were tested because they “felt sick.” In multivariable analysis, female gender (p = 0.005), reason tested other than “felt sick” (p < 0.001), and marijuana use (p = 0.004) and other illicit drug use (p = 0.01) were predictors of having ...
Sequential analysis in subnanomolar amounts of peptides. Determination of the structure of a habituation-induced brain peptide (ameletin).

Abstract Autoradiography of3H-labeled dansyl amino acids was applied to the sequential analysis of peptides available only in subnanomolar quantities. The method employs time-course analysis of the digestion of the peptide by aminopeptidase M, carboxypeptidase B, and dipeptidylaminopeptidase I. The cleaved amino acids or dipeptides are identified by tlc of the3H-labeled compounds. The procedure was used for the sequential analysis of a learning-induced peptide extracted from trained rat brain, called ameletin. The sequence, confirmed by synthesis, was:p-Glu-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Ser-Lys.
Structural and functional comparison of a 22 kDa protein from internal human platelet membranes with cardiac phospholamban

We have shown that a platelet 22 kDa phosphoprotein is similar to the cardiac regulator phospholamban, in that both are phosphorylated by cAMP- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, and that both can be phosphorylated simultaneously by these two classes of protein kinases to yield an additive stimulation of the respective Ca2+ pumps (Adunyah, S.E. and Dean, W.L. (1987) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 930, 401–409). However, whereas phosphorylation of phospholamban increases the affinity of the cardiac Ca2+-ATPase for Ca2+, phosphorylation of the platelet 22 kDa protein increased the Vmax of the pump. In addition, antibodies raised against canine phospholamban did not crossreact with the human platelet 22 kDa protein. Finally, it was not possible to dissociate the platelet protein into lower-molecular-weight subunits by boiling in sodium dodecylsulfate which is characteristic of cardiac phospholamban. These results show that although phosphorylation of low-molecular-weight membrane-associated regulator proteins in cardiac muscle and platelets appears to stimulate the respective Ca2+ pumps, these proteins have different chemical and physical properties.
“ONE‐STOP OR STOP‐OUT?” A FIVE‐YEAR LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY COLLEGE ATTENDANCE

This longitudinal study examined a cohort group of 3,159 students’ community college attendance patterns over a five‐year period. The cohort was a group of students enrolled in credit courses for the first time in a public two‐year community college. The analysis revealed that approximately 30% of the students attended one semester, 50% attended intermittently and 13% obtained credentials. Analysis of demographic variables between the groups did not reveal significant differences. Limitations in the research and implications for practice are discussed.
The Respiratory System in the Normal White Pekin Duck

Abstract THE observations in this paper have resulted from a study of neoplasms induced with a carcinogenic agent in the respiratory tract of the white Pekin duck (Rigdon, 1957). The anatomical findings in the duck's respiratory tract have made it necessary to establish the normal for this bird. The respiratory system in the white Pekin duck is similar to that in other birds; however, there are some interesting variations when compared with similar structures in the chicken (McLeod and Wagers, 1939) and in the turkey (Cover, 1953; Rigdon et al., 1958). Some of these differences no doubt reflect physiologic functions. The respiratory tract in the bird has been studied extensively by Sappey (1847), Chauveau (1890), Bradley (1915), Locy (1916), Kaupp (1918), Gilbert (1939), Zietzschmann (1943), and Hazelhoff (1951). Sappey in 1847 gave an excellent description of the respiratory apparatus and emphasized certain variations in different types of birds. A large part …
Electron locales in crystal electride

Abstract Appropriate spectral-moment theory applied to the optical absorption spectrum of the electride electrons in Cs + · (18-crown-6) 2 ·e − shows that their spatial distribution must be considerably more extended than the trapping regions recently ascribed to them on the basis of the crystal structure, optical, electrical and magnetic properties of the electride. The actual regions occupied by the electride electrons appear to encompass appreciable portions of the 18-crown-6 molecules that surround the designated trapping regions.
Manifestations of compulsiveness in the consumer‐marketplace domain

The marketing literature exhibits a consistent lack of concern to recognize the distinct differences among the various possible manifestations of compulsiveness in the consumer-marketplace domain. The practice of using terms pertaining to different manifestations of compulsiveness synonymously, especially when the meaning of the term “compulsive behavior” is itself under debate, creates further semantic uncertainties that hinder typological endeavors in the budding area of abnormal or deviant consumer behavior. This article attempts to remove such uncertainties by elucidating and establishing the differences among the above manifestations.
A hierarchical non-homogenous Poisson model for meta-analysis of adenoma counts

We use a hierarchical model for a meta-analysis that combines information from autopsy studies of adenoma prevalence and counts. The studies we included reported findings using a variety of adenoma prevalence groupings and age categories. We use a non-homogeneous Poisson model for multinomial bin probabilities. The Poisson model allows risk to depend on age and sex, and incorporates extra-Poisson variability. We evaluate model fit using the posterior predicted distribution of adenoma prevalence reported by the studies included in our analyses and validate our model using adenoma prevalence reported by more recent colonoscopy studies. For 1990, the estimated adenoma prevalence among Americans at age 60 is 40.3 per cent for men compared to 29.2 per cent for women.
Detection of a Single Dendrimer Macromolecule with a Fluorescent Dihydropyrrolopyrroledione (DPP) Core Embedded in a Thin Polystyrene Polymer Film

Three generations of dendrimers with a fluorescent core were synthesized by attaching dendrons of the Frechet type to a dihydropyrrolopyrroledione (DPP) molecule. Samples were prepared by spin-coating a toluene solution containing 2 × 10-9 M of the dendrimers and 3 mg/mL polystyrene (MW 45 000) on a glass cover slip. By exciting near the absorption maximum of the chromophore in the dendrimer, single dendrimer molecules could be imaged via a confocal microscope. Using an electrooptical modulator (EOM) in the excitation beam path, linear polarized light with a slowly rotating polarization direction (1 Hz modulation frequency) was produced. Two APD's (avalanche photodiodes) and a polarizing beam splitter were placed in the detection path. In this way we were able to distinguish single molecules from small clusters. Furthermore, from variations of the two detected intensities and from the phase shift of the signal with respect to the modulation, it was shown that the orientation of the absorption transition d...
Bringing neuroimaging tools closer to diagnostic use in the severely injured brain.

In a vanguard study reported in this issue of Brain , Coleman et al. (page 2494) used hierarchically organized passive language tasks and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study 14 patients with severe brain injuries. Functional levels of the study subjects ranged across a spectrum from vegetative state to minimally conscious state, and severe disability following emergence from the minimally conscious state. The investigators assessed three levels of speech processing beginning with comparisons of auditory stimuli to a silent baseline, followed by comparisons of intelligible speech versus unintelligible noise, and finally advancing to high-level semantic contrasts using English sentences containing words with either high or low ambiguity of interpretation. Notably, their findings revealed evidence of preserved higher level language processing among a subset of three patients meeting the criteria for vegetative state. Taken together with an earlier single-subject study of one of the vegetative state patients (Owen et al. , 2006), the results support further developing these and other neuroimaging tools to aid the difficult diagnostic assessments of patients with severe brain injuries (Laureys et al. , 2004; Schiff, 2006). Owen et al. (2006) earlier demonstrated at least minimally conscious state level function in one of the three vegetative state patients using another novel imaging technique that is operationally exchangeable with behavioural evidence of command following as judged clinically at the bedside. The patient demonstrated the ability to follow complex commands. Based on these earlier studies, it could be strongly argued that this vegetative state patient in fact reflects a novel category of ‘non-behavioural’ minimally conscious state (Fins and Schiff, 2006). This distinction may ultimately be of considerable importance as prospective studies …
Some Techniques for the Analysis and Visualization of Time-varying Waveform Distortions

The time-varying nature of waveform distortions requires a precise analytical tool that is essential in power quality analysis. The time-frequency representation (TFR) provides a powerful method for identification of the time-varying nature of the waveform distortions. The paper presents a comparative study on four techniques for analysis and visualization of wave-form distortions with time-varying amplitudes. The techniques include the traditional fast Fourier transform (FFT) and three TFR techniques, which are the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT), the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and the S-Transform.
Rewards and unique challenges faced by African-American custodial grandmothers: the importance of future planning.

Objectives: This exploratory study examined the context and consequences of custodial grandparenting, along with attitudes and preferences regarding future planning among 22 African-American custodial grandmothers.Method: A mixed-method research design was employed. Based on our integration of two theories regarding future planning and health behavior change, caregiving, emotional distress, religiosity and spirituality, and future planning were assessed using questionnaires along with semi-structured interviews.Results: African-American custodial grandmothers (mean age M = 53.64, SD = 9.58) perceived their caregiving role as rewarding (72%) yet challenging (86%). More than 40% reported significant emotional distress (CES-D ≥ 16) that warrants clinical attention. Findings showed that while 64% of study participants had future plans regarding who will substitute in their caregiving role if they become incapacitated, only 9% had completed a living will. Three major themes emerged regarding custodial grandmot...
Symmetry Plane Viscous Layer on a Sharp Cone

Numerical solutions for the wind and lee symmetry planes on sharp cones at incidence are obtained for laminar boundary layers. Comparisons are made between solutions obtained with the similarity boundary-layer equations, the nonsimilar boundary-layer equations, and the nonsimilar boundary region equations. For moderate incidence angles, boundary-layer theory fails at the leeplane and a boundary region develops. For large incidence, after crossflow reversal has occurred, nonsimilar boundary-layer solutions are obtained at the leeplane but are in poor agreement with experimental data. The boundary region system provides a significant improvement. 16~18 § analyses. With approximations 1 and 2, it has been shownl that the symmetry plane equations uncouple from the interior system so that for weak viscous-inviscid interaction the wind- and leeplane flow histories are apparently independent of the boundary-layer behavior around the cone. Solutions for the leeplane boundary layer therefore can be obtained by direct integration of the uncoupled symmetry plane equations1"6 (ordinary differential equations), or, alternatively, by a wind- to-leeplane marching procedure7"15 using the partial dif- ferential system governing the three-dimensional similarity boundary layer. The windward boundary-layer solution, as obtained from the uncoupled system, serves as the initial con- dition for the marching integration. For group 3 problems this uncoupling is not possible as diffusion effects are important not only normal to the surface, as with boundary layers, but also normal to the symmetry or separation planes. These domains, where a boundary layer forms within a boundary layer, are nonsimilar and termed boundary regions. Solutions of the nonsimilar boundary region equations can be obtained only by a streamwise integration procedure. Boundary-layer profiles are not specified at either of the symmetry planes. For unseparated flows, i.e., small to moderate angles of in- cidence, the boundary-layer methods of categories 1 and 2 have failed to provide leeplane solutions for all but the smallest yaw angles. This difficulty is most apparent with the uncoupled symmetry plane studies, as the calculations have failed to converge, 1-6 but even with the complete boundary- layer integration starting at the windplane, anomalous leeplane behavior has been observed.7"13 Moreover, the similarity symmetry plane equations exhibit nonunique windward plane solutions for all incidence angles. This nonuniqueness prevails at the leeplane in the limited range where solutions have been obtained.
Effects of fibrin sealant on single-layer uterine incision closure in the New Zealand white rabbit

Objective To determine if the addition of fibrin sealant to incision closure in a rabbit uterine horn myomectomy model affects adhesion formation or strength of incision closure. Design Prospective randomized controlled trial. Setting Academic research center. Animal(s) New Zealand white female rabbits. Intervention(s) A pilot study revealed that the time interval for maximal uterine incision healing was eight weeks. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits underwent a 1-cm standardized myotomy incision on both uterine horns. A single interrupted stitch of 3-0 polygalactin suture was placed to reapproximate each incision. Fibrin sealant was then applied to one of each rabbit's horns (randomized). After eight weeks, the rabbits were killed, and the strength of myotomy closure was determined by measurement of maximal burst pressure for each uterine horn. Adhesion presence was recorded. Main Outcome Measure(s) Uterine burst pressure, adhesion presence. Result(s) The mean burst pressure was 267.8 (±75.8) mm Hg in the suture only group and 247.8 (±92.3) mm Hg in the suture and fibrin sealant group. There was no statistical difference in the presence of adhesions. Conclusion(s) Fibrin sealant did not strengthen myotomy repair nor did it reduce postoperative adhesion formation. There is no apparent advantage to fibrin sealant in this myomectomy model.
CONCENTRATION OF FELDSPATHIC WASTE FROM A TITANIUM MINE NEAR ROSELAND, VIRGINIA *

The beneficiation of the feldspathic waste from a titanium mine near Roseland, Virginia, is discussed. This waste, which is mainly sodic plagioclase, quartz, and an iron-bearing mineral, gedrite, contains about 5.3% of Fe2O3. By magnetic concentration, 73% of the feed was recovered in a feldspar-quartz mixture with an iron content of 0.81% of Fe2O3. From this nonmagnetic product, between 85% and 90% of the feldspar with an iron content of 0.41 to 0.52% of Fe2O3 was recovered by agglomerate tabling and flotation. Examination of the feldspar concentrate, however, showed that iron stains and iron-bearing impurities of microscopic size in the feldspar prevented the separation of a feldspar concentrate with less than 0.36% of Fe2O3.
Removing decision surface skew using complementary inputs

Examines the tendency of backpropagation-based training algorithms to favor examples that have large input feature values, in terms of the ability of such examples to influence the weights of the network, and shows that this tendency can lead to sub-optimal decision surfaces. We propose a method for counteracting this tendency that modifies the original input feature vector through the addition of complementary inputs.
Occurrence of lower cloud albedo in ship tracks

Abstract. The concept of geoengineering by marine cloud brightening is based on seeding marine stratocumulus clouds with sub-micrometer sea-salt particles to enhance the cloud droplet number concentration and cloud albedo, thereby producing a climate cooling effect. The efficacy of this as a strategy for global cooling rests on the extent to which aerosol-perturbed marine clouds will respond with increased albedo. Ship tracks, quasi-linear cloud features prevalent in oceanic regions impacted by ship exhaust, are a well-known manifestation of the effect of aerosol injection on marine clouds. We present here an analysis of the albedo responses in ship tracks, based on in situ aircraft measurements and three years of satellite observations of 589 individual ship tracks. It is found that the sign (increase or decrease) and magnitude of the albedo response in ship tracks depends on the mesoscale cloud structure, the free tropospheric humidity, and cloud top height. In a closed cell structure (cloud cells ringed by a perimeter of clear air), nearly 30% of ship tracks exhibited a decreased albedo. Detailed cloud responses must be accounted for in global studies of the potential efficacy of sea-spray geoengineering as a means to counteract global warming.
Molecular Cloning Of Human Paxillin, a Focal Adhesion Protein Phosphorylated by P210BCR/ABL

Paxillin is a 68-kDa focal adhesion protein that is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in fibroblasts in response to transformation by v-src, treatment with platelet-derived growth factor, or cross-linking of integrins. Paxillin has been shown to have binding sites for the SH3 domain of Src and the SH2 domain of Crk in vitro and to coprecipitate with two other focal adhesion proteins, vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (p125fak). After preliminary studies showed that paxillin was a substrate for the hematopoietic oncogene p210BCR/ABL, we investigated the role of this protein in hematopoietic cell transformation and signal transduction. A full-length cDNA encoding human paxillin was cloned, revealing multiple protein domains, including four tandem LIM domains, a proline-rich domain containing a consensus SH3 binding site, and three potential Crk-SH2 binding sites. The paxillin gene was localized to chromosome 12q24 by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. A chicken paxillin cDNA was also cloned and is predicted to encode a protein approximately 90% identical to human paxil-lin. Paxillin coprecipitated with p210BCR/ABL and mul-tiple other cellular proteins in myeloid cell lines, suggesting the formation of multimeric complexes. In normal hematopoietic cells and myeloid cell lines, tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and coprecipitation with other cellular proteins was rapidly and transiently induced by interleukin-3 and several other hematopoietic growth factors. The predicted structure of paxillin implicates this molecule in protein-protein interactions involved in signal transduction from growth factor receptors and the BCR/ABL oncogene fusion protein to the cytoskeleton.
Dynameomics: design of a computational lab workflow and scientific data repository for protein simulations

Dynameomics is a project to investigate and catalog the native-state dynamics and thermal unfolding pathways of representatives of all protein folds using solvated molecular dynamics simulations, as described in the preceding paper. Here we introduce the design of the molecular dynamics data warehouse, a scalable, reliable repository that houses simulation data that vastly simplifies management and access. In the succeeding paper, we describe the development of a complementary multidimensional database. A single protein unfolding or native-state simulation can take weeks to months to complete, and produces gigabytes of coordinate and analysis data. Mining information from over 3000 completed simulations is complicated and time-consuming. Even the simplest queries involve writing intricate programs that must be built from low-level file system access primitives and include significant logic to correctly locate and parse data of interest. As a result, programs to answer questions that require data from hundreds of simulations are very difficult to write. Thus, organization and access to simulation data have been major obstacles to the discovery of new knowledge in the Dynameomics project. This repository is used internally and is the foundation of the Dynameomics portal site http://www.dynameomics.org. By organizing simulation data into a scalable, manageable and accessible form, we can begin to address substantial questions that move us closer to solving biomedical and bioengineering problems.
Design and Fabrication of the Superconducting Horizontal Bend Magnet for the Super High Momentum Spectrometer at Jefferson Lab

A collaboration exists between NSCL and JLab to design and build JLab's Super High Momentum Spectrometer (SHMS) horizontal bend magnet that allows the bending of the 12 GeV/c particles horizontally by 3° to allow SHMS to reach angles as low as 5.5°. Two full size coils have been wound and are cold tested for both magnetic and structural properties. Each coil is built from 90 layers of single-turn SSC outer conductor cable. An initial test coil with one third the turns was fabricated to demonstrate that the unique saddle shape with fully contoured ends could be wound with Rutherford superconducting cable. Learned lessons during the trial winding were integrated into the two complete full-scale coils that are now installed in the helium vessel. The fabrication of the iron yoke, cold mass, and thermal shield is complete, and assembly of the vacuum vessel is in progress. This paper presents the process and progress along with the modified magnet design to reduce the fringe field in the primary beam region and also includes the impact of the changes on coil forces and coil restraint system.
Indexing and Cataloging Textiles From the Fag el Gamous Cemetery in Fayum, Egypt to Determine Their Relationship With Known Coptic Textiles:

Analysis of ancient textiles excavated in 1998 from the Fag el Gamous Cemetery in Egypt has led us to question the cultural origin of the textile designs. The purposes of our study were to establish a means to index and catalogue the textiles retrieved from Fag el Gamous and determine a possible relationship between these textiles (dated 200 B.C. to 800 A.D.) and textiles from known Coptic textile collections (500 A.D. to 1100 A.D.). We (1) acquired hardware and software for textile image and data collection, management, and retrieval; (2) created a searchable digital image database of the textiles; (3) indexed and catalogued the Fag el Gamous textiles; and (4) compared the Fag el Gamous textiles with known Coptic textile collections. Although the Fag el Gamous and Coptic textiles contained some similar structural elements, there were significant stylistic differences, and we concluded that the Fag el Gamous textiles were not Coptic in stylistic design. Thus, this unique collection of textiles may provide...
Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting of Wintertime Storms in the Sierra Nevada: Sensitivity to the Microphysical Parameterization and Horizontal Resolution

Abstract The skill of a mesoscale model in predicting orographic precipitation during high-impact precipitation events in the Sierra Nevada, and the sensitivity of that skill to the choice of the microphysical parameterization and horizontal resolution, are examined. The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU–NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) and four bulk microphysical parameterization schemes examined are the Dudhia ice scheme, and the Schultz, GSFC, and Reisner2 mixed-phase schemes. The verification dataset consists of ground precipitation measurements from a selected number of wintertime heavy precipitation events documented during the Sierra Cooperative Pilot Project in the 1980s. At high horizontal resolutions, the predicted spatial precipitation patterns on the upwind Sierra Nevada slopes were found to have filamentary structure, with precipitation amounts over the transverse upwind ridges exceeding severalfold those over the nearby deep river valleys...
Co-ordinate square: a solution to many chess pawn endgames

The solution to a number of Artificial Intelligence problems depends upon Knowledge representation. The theory of Co-ordinite Squires is a frameworK for representing the relevant ideas in a large class of King and pawn endings. Some endgame problems which require twenty to thirty plies of analysis using a more traditional representation, a branching tree of moves, can be efficiently solved using this theory, which is analogous to Waltz, scene analysis algorithm. The Co-ordinate Squares theory, which has received considerable attention in the chess literature over the last half century, is Implemented using a constraint propagation technique. The constraint is that the defending King must precisely coordinate with the attacking King to avoid losing. For any particular square the attacking King occupies, there are only a few possible (co-ordinating) squares the defending King could occupy without transposing into a Known lost position. As the attacking king moves from one square to another, the defending king must co-ordinate, move from a co-ordinate of the one square to a coordinate of the other. We will give a reduction algorithm which propagates this constraint in order to determine the coordinate squares.
Technology Trends and Research Requirements Involving Fast Energetic Processes

The importance of fast energetic processes is described in terms of their association with chemical substances that are capable of exploding. In order to improve the safety and operational effectiveness of such substances, control of the initiation and propagation of the reactions is required. Our present thermo-dynamic, fluid dynamic understanding of the processes must be supplemented by detailed knowledge of the physical and chemical mechanisms that permit chemical energy to be safely stored in molecules and released upon demand, if appropriate. A substantial interdisciplinary effort is required, but the prospects for a significant advance in understanding have been considerably enhanced by new experimental techniques for studying fast reactions and by the computer-aided modeling of molecular structures and dynamics.
Calcified cerebral emboli, a "do not miss" imaging diagnosis: 22 new cases and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Calcified cerebral emboli are a rarely reported but devastating cause of stroke and may be the first manifestation of vascular or cardiac disease. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnosis, prevalence, imaging appearance, presumed embolic source, treatment, and outcome of patients with calcified cerebral emboli. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our radiology information system was searched for all CT scans by using keywords “calcified,” “emboli,” and their permutations. The radiology information system was also searched to identify all “stroke” CT reports to calculate the prevalence of calcified cerebral emboli. We also performed a MEDLINE search to identify all published case reports. RESULTS: Twenty-two cases were identified from our database, and 48 were cases reported from the literature. The middle cerebral artery was the site of 83% of calcified emboli. Presumed sources were calcific aortic stenosis (36%), carotid atherosclerotic plaque (30%), and mitral annular calcification (11%). Spontaneous embolism occurred in 86%. Surgical treatment was performed in 34% of patients. Sixty-four percent of the patients with calcified aortic stenosis underwent aortic valve replacement. Among those with identifiable arterial disease, 53% underwent endarterectomy. Forty-one percent of patients experienced at least 1 recurrent stroke. The prevalence of calcified cerebral emboli identified on stroke CT scans at our institution was 2.7%. Seventy-three percent of cases were correctly identified. Twenty-seven percent were misdiagnosed on initial interpretation, while 9% were overlooked on preliminary interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: Calcified cerebral emboli are more common than previously assumed, are frequently overlooked or misinterpreted, affect clinical course when diagnosed, and carry substantial risk for recurrent stroke.
Interplanetary shocks preceded by solar-filament eruptions

The solar and interplanetary characteristics of six interplanetary shock and energetic particle events associated with the eruptions of solar filaments lying outside active regions are discussed. The events are characterized by the familiar double-ribbon H-alpha brightenings observed with large flares, but only very weak soft X-ray and microwave bursts. Both impulsive phases and metric type II bursts are absent in all six events. The energetic particles observed near the earth appear to be accelerated predominantly in the interplanetary shocks. The interplanetary shock speeds are lower and the longitudinal extents considerably less than those of flare-associated shocks. Three of the events were associated with unusual enhancements of singly-ionized helium in the solar wind following the shocks. These enhancements appear to be direct detections of the cool filament material expelled from the corona. It is suggested that these events are part of a spectrum of solar eruptive events which include both weaker events and the large flares. Despite their unimpressive and unreported solar signatures, the quiescent filament eruptions can result in substantial space and geophysical disturbances.
Innate Immune Complexity in the Purple Sea Urchin: Diversity of the Sp185/333 System

The California purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is a long-lived echinoderm with a complex and sophisticated innate immune system. There are several large gene families that function in immunity in this species including the Sp185/333 gene family that has ∼50 (±10) members. The family shows intriguing sequence diversity and encodes a broad array of diverse yet similar proteins. The genes have two exons of which the second encodes the mature protein and has repeats and blocks of sequence called elements. Mosaics of element patterns plus single nucleotide polymorphisms-based variants of the elements result in significant sequence diversity among the genes yet maintains similar structure among the members of the family. Sequence of a bacterial artificial chromosome insert shows a cluster of six, tightly linked Sp185/333 genes that are flanked by GA microsatellites. The sequences between the GA microsatellites in which the Sp185/333 genes and flanking regions are located, are much more similar to each other than are the sequences outside the microsatellites suggesting processes such as gene conversion, recombination, or duplication. However, close linkage does not correspond with greater sequence similarity compared to randomly cloned and sequenced genes that are unlikely to be linked. There are three segmental duplications that are bounded by GAT microsatellites and include three almost identical genes plus flanking regions. RNA editing is detectible throughout the mRNAs based on comparisons to the genes, which, in combination with putative post-translational modifications to the proteins, results in broad arrays of Sp185/333 proteins that differ among individuals. The mature proteins have an N-terminal glycine-rich region, a central RGD motif, and a C-terminal histidine-rich region. The Sp185/333 proteins are localized to the cell surface and are found within vesicles in subsets of polygonal and small phagocytes. The coelomocyte proteome shows full-length and truncated proteins, including some with missense sequence. Current results suggest that both native Sp185/333 proteins and a recombinant protein bind bacteria and are likely important in sea urchin innate immunity.
Genetic variation in fall cold hardiness in coastal Douglas-fir in western Oregon and Washington

Genetic variation in fall cold damage in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) was measured by exposing excised branches of seedlings from 666 source locations grown in a common garden to freezing temperatures in a programmable freezer. Considerable variation was found among populations in fall cold hardiness of stems, needles, and buds compared with bud burst, bud set, and biomass growth after 2 years. Variation in fall cold hardiness was strongly correlated (r = 0.67) with cold-season temperatures of the source environment. Large population differences corresponding with environmental gradients are evidence that natural selection has been important in determining genetic variation in fall cold hardiness, much more so than in traits of bud burst (a surrogate for spring cold hardiness), bud set, and growth. Seed movement guidelines and breeding zones may be more restrictive when considering genetic variation in fall cold hardiness compared with growth, phenology, or spr...
Semantics and synthesis of signals in behavioral VHDL

Signals are a fundamental part of VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) behavioral descriptions. Synthesis tools often inadequately address synthesis of global signals. The research presented eases the restrictions placed by existing synthesis systems on the VHDL shows that can be used to specify designs. In order to obtain functionally equivalent hardware from VHDL descriptions, it is essential to understand the semantics of VHDL constructs, especially for signals driven by several processes. The authors have introduced a conceptual hardware representation to explain the semantics of signals, ports, and resolution functions. Procedures to synthesize hardware for such constructs are given. >
Adding static printing capabilities to the EUV phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer

While interferometry is routinely used for the characterization and alignment of lithographic optics, the ultimate performance metric for these optics is printing in photoresist. Direct comparison of imaging and wavefront performance is also useful for verifying and improving the predictive power of wavefront metrology under actual printing conditions. To address these issues, static, small-field printing capabilities are being added to the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) implemented at the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. This Sub- field Exposure Station (SES) will enable the earliest possible imaging characterization of the upcoming Engineering Test Stand (ETS) Set-2 projection optics. Relevant printing studies with the ETS projection optics require illumination partial coherence with (sigma) of approximately 0.7. This (sigma) value is very different from the coherent illumination requirements of the EUV PS/PDI and the coherence properties naturally provided by synchrotron undulator beamline illumination. Adding printing capabilities to the PS/PDI experimental system thus necessitates the development of an alternative illumination system capable of destroying the inherent coherence of the beamline. The SES is being implemented with two independent illuminators: the first is based on a novel EUV diffuser currently under development and the second is based on a scanning mirror design. Here we describe the design and implementation of the new SES, including a discussion of the illuminators and the fabrication of the EUV diffuser.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A hidden Markov context model for GPR-based landmine detection incorporating stick-breaking priors

In recent years, context-dependent algorithm fusion has been proposed for improving landmine detection with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) across changing environmental and operating conditions. While context-dependent fusion techniques generally assume independent observations, previous work showed that spatial information may be exploited by modeling context with a hidden Markov model (HMM). However, the degree of performance improvement was found to depend the number of states included in the HMM. In this work, stick-breaking priors were employed to automate learning of the number of HMM states, and therefore the number of contexts to consider. The improved spatially-dependent fusion technique was evaluated on GPR data collected over various targets at multiple test sites, and performance was compared to another context-dependent technique which assumed independent observations. Results illustrate the potential for nonparametric, spatially-dependent context modeling to exploit contextual information in sequentially-collected GPR data and improve overall classification performance.