cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal hydraulic analysis for grid supported pressurized water reactor cores

This paper presents the methodology and results for thermal hydraulic analysis of grid supported pressurized water reactor cores using U(45% wt)–ZrH1.6 hydride fuel in square arrays. The same methodology is applied to the design of UO2 oxide fueled cores to provide a fair comparison of the achievable power between the two fuel types. Steady-state and transient design limits are considered. Steady-state limits include: fuel bundle pressure drop, departure from nucleate boiling ratio, fuel temperature (average for UO2 and centerline/peak for U–ZrH1.6 ), and fuel rod vibrations and wear. Transient limits are derived from consideration of the loss of flow and loss of coolant accidents, and an overpower transient. In general, the thermal hydraulic performance of U–ZrH1.6 and UO2 fuels is very similar. Slight power differences exist between the two fuel types for designs limited by rod vibrations and wear, because these limits are fuel dependent. Large power increases are achievable for both fuels when compared to the reference core power output of 3800 MWth. In general, these higher power designs have smaller rod diameters and larger pitch-to-diameter ratios than the reference core geometry. If the pressure drop across new core designs is limited to the pressure drop across the reference core, power increases of ∼400 MWth may be realized. If the primary coolant pumps and core internals could be designed to accommodate a core pressure drop equal to twice the reference core pressure drop, power increases of ∼1000 MWth may be feasible. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Three Months with the A.S.T.P. Teaching Italian

THE Army Specialized Training Programs exist to-day on the campus of many American colleges and universities. The objective of the soldiers belonging to the A.S.T.P. is the study of languages of various countries together with basic information as to the history and geography of those countries. It was my privilege last June to be called to teach Italian in the A.S.T.P. of Wisconsin University and, of course, I accepted with enthusiasm. The morning I started my lessons I saw several classrooms filled with men in uniform, all ready to begin the study of Italiahn. What a pleasant surprise! In my twenty years' experience of teaching Italian in the East, at Hunter College and at New York University, I have had large and numerous classes of young students and often I wondered if and how they would have made use of the Italian studies when they would have become adults, or if by that time they would have forgotten it all. I know several of my best students of Italian who followed a business career, in relation even with countries other than Italy. Here at Wisconsin I had a large group of adults starting purposefully to study Italian. The lack of success with many of our undergraduate students is because when they start they do not feel a definite purpose and when they end they do not attain any purpose of their study. In our cosmopolitan city of New York I even believe that there are so many and so varied attractive positions in numerous fields, that the students do not take seriously the responsibility of making up their mind about a choice, or they do not follow trustfully the experienced advice of a teacher whose practical and pedagogical suggestion sounds like this: "Choose any line you like, but stick to it!" The very interesting situation in the A.S.T.P. was that the students, with an average college preparation, were required to know one language in order to begin the study of another; for the first time I had complete classes of students not of Italian extraction. Knowing that now we count the privates in the A.S.T.P. by the thousands, here is another old question and a new answer in a very simple way: "Do the Americans study and speak foreign languages?" The old answer: "Yes, badly." The new answer: "Yes, well." As a professor, I am inclined to be optimistic and generous with my praises. To-day I think it is a virtue to be able to be optimistic and generous with praises. I anticipate that some of my colleagues will not agree entirely with my statement, but let us be human: all students have defects inherent to their position before a teacher and an educator; let us always rate students, even adult students, with the understanding and the requirements that we can expect from students and not from teachers. Consciously or
Repetitive imaging of reporter gene expression in the lung.

Positron emission tomographic imaging is emerging as a powerful technology to monitor reporter transgene expression in the lungs and other organs. However, little information is available about its usefulness for studying gene expression over time. Therefore, we infected 20 rats with a replication-deficient adenovirus containing a fusion gene encoding for a mutant Herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase and an enhanced green fluorescent protein. Five additional rats were infected with a control virus. Pulmonary gene transfer was performed via intratracheal administration of vector using a surfactantbased method. Imaging was performed 4 – 6 hr, and 4, 7, and 10 days after gene transfer, using 9-(4-[ 18 F]-fluoro-3-hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine, an imaging substrate for the mutant kinase. Lung tracer uptake assessed with imaging was moderately but significantly increased 4 – 6 hr after gene transfer, was maximal after 4 days, and was no longer detectable by 10 days. The temporal pattern of transgene expression measured ex vivo with in vitro assays of thymidine kinase activity and green fluorescent protein was similar to imaging. In conclusion, positron emission tomography is a reliable new tool to evaluate the onset and duration of reporter gene expression noninvasively in the lungs of intact animals. Mol Imaging (2003) 2, 342 – 349.
Two Metachronous Neoplasms in the Radiotherapy Fields of a Young Man With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Background: It is recognized that various radiation-induced malignancies often follow childhood radiotherapy. Radiationinduced neoplasms have been shown to occur with increased frequency in syndromes due to mutated tumor suppressor genes. There exist no recommendations for the management of cancer patients with germline APC gene mutations. Preclinical data suggest that APC gene mutations cause enhanced radiosensitivity, but no clinical observations exist that show that patients with this mutation are at higher risk for radiation-induced malignancies. Results: We report the case of a 32-year-old man with a genetic diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) who initially presented at age 10 with a medulloblastoma treated with radiotherapy and surgery. Radiation-induced papillary thyroid carcinoma followed 13 years later. Finally, radiation-induced soft tissue osteosarcoma occurred with widespread metastasis 20 years thereafter. Conclusions: This is the first report of 2 malignancies in the prior radiotherapy fields of a patient with a genetic diagnosis of FAP. More important, this suggests that APC-defective cells are at an enhanced sensitivity to the carcinogenic effects of radiotherapy compared with APC-proficient cells. This could argue for genetic screening in affected members of these families and for creation of treatment recommendations to more seriously consider the risks of radiation therapy.
Ranken on Disharmony and Business Ethics

This article is a response to Nani Ranken's paper ‘Morality in business: disharmony and its consequences’ (Journal of Applied Philosophy, Vol. 4, p. 41). There she attacked the analogy sometimes made between businesses and persons, and concluded that businesses cannot be regarded as moral agents. Her thesis relies centrally on a very strict notion of a person's ‘true good’. By exploring and expanding the concepts of ‘true good’ and ‘moral agency’ we are able to recover a sense in which businesses are indeed members of the moral community. Moreover, admitting businesses to the moral community also provides a working framework to examine the claim that what is good for business is in harmony with the dictates of morality.
Memory and identification of simulated odors in elderly and young persons.

Twenty elderly and 20 young persons were tested for memory of chemically simulated odors, minutes after inspecting them, 2–3 h later, and 1 week later. They were also asked to identify the odors by name at the end of the experiment. Unlike most of the everyday odors they simulated, the odors could be varied in intensity by liquid dilution. As in an earlier study, odor memory was poorer in elderly than in young subjects. Performance of the elderly fell to chance in 2–3 h. Over the relatively moderate range used, intensity seemed to matter little to memory, but, over the same range, intensity did play a significant, though relatively small, role in identification. On the average, the stronger the odor, the better the identification.
Reanalysis of the equation for simple action.

Abstract De Villiers and Herrnstein (1976) have shown that the equation for simple action, derived from the matching law, predicts change in behavioral output for some 40 experiments in which the value of a single source of reinforcement has been varied. Using only the positive-reinforcement studies they cite that used five or more different reinforcement values, we found the high percentage of variance they report accommodated by this equation (94%) is predicated on instances of averaging rates of behavioral output before making a least-squares fit of the equation. In our reanalysis, which minimizes rate averaging, only 78% of the data variance is accommodated. This diminished data-variance accommodation can be improved by adding parameters that permit the equation's scaling constant to change as a function of reinforcement. Although these parameters permit acceptable levels of accommodation of data variance, they correspond to no obvious psychological processes. These findings support the view that the equation for simple action is an inadequate model for behavioral output.
Customization and composition of distributed objects: middleware abstractions for policy management

Current middleware solutions such as CORBA and Java's RMI emphasize compositional design by separating functional aspects of a system (e.g. objects) from the mechanisms used for interaction (e.g. remote procedure call through stubs and skeletons). While this is an effective solution for handling distributed interactions, higher-level requirements such as heterogeneity, availability, and adaptability require policies for resource management as well as interaction. We describe the Distributed Connection Language (dcl): an architecture description language based on the Actor model of distributed objects. System components and the policies which govern an architecture are specified as encapsulated groups of actors. Composition operators are used to build connections between components as well as customize their behavior. This customization is realized using a meta-architecture. We describe the syntax and semantics of dcl, and illustrate the language by way of several examples.
Inhalation toxicity and genotoxicity of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-236fa and HFC-236ea

The acute, subchronic, and developmental and genetic toxicity of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-236fa and HFC-236ea were evaluated to assist in establishing proper handling guidance. In acute inhalation studies, rats were exposed whole body for 4 hours to various concentrations of each isomer. Based on the lack of mortality, the approximate lethal concentration for HFC-236ea for male rats was >85,000 ppm. For HFC-236fa, the LC 50 for males and females (combined) was >457,000 ppm. Narcotic-like effects, e.g., prostration, incoordination, and reduced motor activity, were observed only during exposure to either isomer, but were not evident after termination of exposure. In cardiac sensitization studies, HFC-236ea induced cardiac sensitization at >35,000 ppm, with fatal responses occurring at 50,000 ppm and greater. For HFC-236fa, a cardiac sensitization response was observed at 150,000 ppm and greater but not at 100,000 ppm. A fatal cardiac sensitization response was observed in one dog exposed to 150,000 ppm HFC-236fa. In 90-day subchronic inhalation studies, male and female rats were exposed whole body to HFC-236ea at concentrations of 0, 5000, 20,000, or 50,000 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week. Similarly, male and female rats were exposed whole body to HFC-236fa at concentrations of 0, 5000, 20,000, or 50,000 ppm for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week. During exposure, narcotic-like effect (reduced acoustic startle response) was observed at 50,000 ppm with both isomers, although there appeared to be an adaptive response to this effect as the study progressed. With HFC-236ea, dilatation of the seminiferous tubules, without effects on germ or Sertoli cells, was observed only in rats at 50,000 ppm. No other effects on in-life measures or on clinical or anatomic pathology, including histopathology, were observed for either isomer. In rat developmental toxicity studies, no evidence of embryotoxicity or teratogenicity was observed with either isomer exposed up to 50,000 ppm during gestational days 7 to 16. Also, no developmental toxicity was observed in rabbits exposed to HFC-236fa at concentrations of up to 50,000 ppm during gestational days 7 to 19. Neither of the HFC-236 isomers was mutagenic in the Ames reverse mutation assay or clastogenic in the chromosomal aberration assay with human lymphocytes. No increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed in in vivo micronucleus studies with either isomer.
Comment on "Evolutionary Paths Underlying Flower Color Variation in Antirrhinum"

Although Whibley et al. (Reports, 18 August 2006, p. 963) argue for the presence of high-fitness ridges in the Antirrhinum floral-color adaptive landscape, their data are equally compatible with adaptive landscapes having a single peak and no ridges. Their demonstration of divergent selection across a hybrid zone argues against the presence of adaptive ridges.
Narrative-Based Serious Games

The relationship between story and activity in games is complex. The nature of traditional dramatic narrative implies passive consumption of content. Games, however, require active participation where the player undertakes a series of tasks to pursue some overarching goal. This paper explores the narrative models available to game designers and examines in detail the approach taken for a recent serious game.
A New Class of Generalized Power Lindley Distribution with Applications to Lifetime Data

In this paper, a new class of generalized distribution called the Kumaraswamy Power Lindley (KPL) distribution is proposed and studied. This class of distributions contains the Kumaraswamy Lindley (KL), exponentiated power Lindley (EPL), power Lindley (PL), generalized or exponentiated Lindley (GL), and Lindley (L) distributions as special cases. Series expansion of the density is obtained. Statistical properties of this class of distributions, including hazard function, reverse hazard function, monotonicity property, shapes, moments, reliability, quantile function, mean deviations, Bonferroni and Lorenz curves, entropy and Fisher information are derived. Method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate the parameters of this new class of distributions. Finally, a real data example is discussed to illustrate the applicability of this class of distribution.
Low Temperature Cleaning of Ge and GaAs Surfaces Using Hydrogen Dissociated with a Remote Noble-Gas Discharge

The native oxides of Ge and GaAs have long been known to preclude the formation of suitable MIS structures. In situ cleaning of Ge and GaAs surfaces has been achieved at 300–375 °C using a novel technique employing hydrogen that is dissociated using a remote Ar discharge. Such a technique circumvents the problems of cross contamination introduced from a directly excited hydrogen discharge due to erosion of the quartz tube walls by the active hydrogen. Reconstructed surfaces characteristic of clean Ge and GaAs surfaces have been observed with Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) following such a treatment. Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses show that such a treatment removes both oxygen and carbon contamination from the surface. XPS window scans on the Ga-3d and the As-3d peaks show that the treatment is successful in removing oxygen bonded to both Ga and As on the GaAs surface. Following the in situ cleaning, excellent MIS structures on Ge and GaAs have been realized with a novel structure that utilizes an ultra-thin Si interlayer (1.5 nm) between the insulator-oxide and the clean semicondutor surface. The Si interlayer prevents any sub-cutaneous oxidation of the underlying semiconductor while exploiting the advantages of the excellent Si-SiO2 interface. The entire structure is fabricated in a single-chamber remote plasma CVD unit.
Pink Chert, Projectile Points, and the Chacoan Regional System

The most unusual aspect of chipped stone in Chaco Canyon is that materials were imported from a considerable distance but used almost exclusively as informal flake tools. Narbona Pass chert from the Chuska Mountains, 75 km away, is the most common nonlocal material found during the Chacoan Era (A.D. 900-1150). There are relatively few number of formal tools found in the Canyon, primarily projectile points, and a significant number of these do not seem to have been made in Chaco. New models of the organization of production offered by Earle, Hagstrum, Peregrine, and Renfrew (this issue) are evaluated using chipped-stone data collected by the Chaco Project during the 1970s. Chipped-stone data support the suggestion made by these scholars that great houses in Chaco Canyon were the focus of periodic communal gatherings. Deposition of quantities of Narbona Pass chert debitage in great house trash middens was apparently a ceremonial aspect of these gatherings, perhaps related to Puebloan concepts of renewal. Some projectile points appear to have been deposited in great house rooms or kivas as ritual offerings.
Mutations in PNKD Causing Paroxysmal Dyskinesia Alters Protein Cleavage and Stability (IN10-1.005)

Objective: To characterize biochemical properties of wild type and mutant PNKD protein. Background Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is a rare autosomal dominant movement disorder triggered by stress, fatigue or consumption of either alcohol or caffeine. Attacks last 1–4 h and consist of dramatic dystonia and choreoathetosis in the limbs, trunk and face. The disease is associated with single amino acid changes (A7V or A9V) in PNKD, a protein of unknown function. Pnkd is homologous to a superfamily of enzymes with conserved b-lactamase domains. It shares highest homology with glyoxalase II but does not catalyze the same reaction. Design/Methods: Here we studied the stability, cellular localization and enzymatic activity of the PNKD protein in cultured cells and transgenic animals. Results: The N-terminus of the wild-type (WT) long PNKD isoform (PNKD-L) undergoes a cleavage event in vitro, resistance to which is conferred by disease-associated mutations. Mutant PNKD-L protein is degraded faster than the WT protein. Lower glutathione levels were found in cortex lysates from Pnkd knockout mice versus WT littermates. Conclusions: These results suggest that the disease mutations underlying PNKD may disrupt protein processing in vivo, a hypothesis supported by our observation of decreased cortical Pnkd-L levels in mutant transgenic mice. Our results suggest an important role for the Pnkd protein in maintaining cellular redox status. Supported by: A Fellowship from the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation (Y.S.), a Bachmann Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation grant (L.J.P.), the Sandler Neurogenetics fund (L.J.P.) and National Institutes of Health grant NS043533 (L.J.P.). L.J.P. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Disclosure: Dr. Ptacek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fu has nothing to disclose.
Predictors of Death Sentencing for Minority, Equal, and Majority Female Juries in Capital Murder Trials

The relatively small body of prior research investigating whether the sex composition of juries impacts sentencing decisions has produced equivocal results. Exploring this topic further, the current study used a large sample of capital cases from North Carolina (n = 675) to examine (a) whether jury sex composition predicted jury capital punishment sentencing decisions; and (b) whether there were different models of sentencing for male-majority, equal male-female, and female-majority juries. When we controlled for a number of legal and extralegal factors, our findings indicated that jury sex composition was independently related to sentencing outcomes. Specifically, equal male-female juries were significantly more likely and female-majority juries were significantly less likely to choose the death penalty versus a sentence of life in prison. In addition, different models (predictors) of sentencing were revealed for each of the jury sex compositions. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.
Analysis of Susceptibility Test and Clinical Medication in Treating of 64 Pediatric Patients with Bacillary Dysentery

Objective To observe the epidemic strains of shigella and the sensitivity of 10 kinds of frequently used antibiotics and to guide clinical medication.Method Final diagnosis was acute bacillary dysentery by stool cultivation for 64 cases.Susceptibility test was assessed by K-B disc diffusion.The clinical datas were analyzed retrospectively.Result Shigella flexneri 53 strains,shigella sonnei 9 strains,shigella boydii 2 strains.The sensitivity of Sulperazone,Amikacin,Ciprofloxacin,Norfloxacin were 100%,92.31%,94.74%,81.82%,The sensitivity of Rocephin,Cefotaxime,Maxipime were about 70%.The sensitivity of Chloromycin,SMZ-TMP and Ampicillin were under 18%.The using frequency of each antibiotic species from high to low were Rocephin,Colimycin,Fosfomycin,Berberine.Conclusion Shigella flexneri was in the majority among this bacillary dysentery.The usage of antibiotic was basically rational in this group.There is a tendency of drug resistance for Rocephin.It is a suggestion that the compound preparation which consists of Third generation cephalosporin and β-lactamase inhibitors like Sulperazone as a choice drug for severe case.Amikacin as a priority choice drug for popular type bacillary dysentery for more than 7 years old children.Chloromycin,SMZ-TMP and Ampicillin should not be used for bacillary dysentery because there is a serious drug resistance.Combination with IV drop and peros will increase curative effect.
Cancer staging with breast MR imaging.

SUMMARY Breast MR imaging is a useful tool for staging breast cancer patients, and staging is more accurate with MR imaging than with conventional imaging techniques. MR imaging is the preferred imaging test for the accurate staging of breast cancer before surgery and for assessment of patients with positive axillary adenopathy and negative mammogram and physical examination. It also plays a role in imaging the breast to identify residual disease after lumpectomy with positive margins. There are many important questions regarding the role of MR imaging in breast cancer staging that must be addressed by future research and involvement of MR imaging of the breast in clinical trials.
Reduced large elastic artery stiffness with regular aerobic exercise in middle-aged and older adults: potential role of suppressed nuclear factor κ B signalling.

OBJECTIVE Aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV) increases with age and is a strong independent predictor of incident cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in healthy middle-aged and older adults. aPWV is lower in middle-aged and older adults who perform regular aerobic exercise than in their sedentary peers. As exercise is associated with reduced systemic inflammation, we hypothesized that suppression of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) may mediate this process. METHODS aPWV was measured in young sedentary [n = 10, blood pressure (BP) 108 ± 3/59 ± 2 mmHg; mean ± SEM], middle-aged and older sedentary (n = 9, 124 ± 7/73 ± 5 mmHg) and middle-aged and older aerobic exercise-trained (n = 12, 110 ± 4/67 ± 2 mmHg) healthy, nonhypertensive men and women. RESULTS Baseline aPWV increased with age [626 ± 14 (young sedentary) vs. 859 ± 49 (middle-aged and older sedentary) cm/s, P < 0.001] but was 20% lower in middle-aged and older trained (686 ± 30 cm/s) than in middle-aged and older sedentary (P < 0.005). Short-term (4 days x 2500-4500 mg) treatment with the NFκB inhibitor salsalate (randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over design) reduced aPWV (to 783 ± 44 cm/s, P < 0.05) without changing BP (P = 0.40) or heart rate (P = 0.90) in middle-aged and older sedentary, but had no effect in young sedentary (623 ± 19) or middle-aged and older trained (699 ± 30). Following salsalate treatment, aPWV no longer was significantly different in middle-aged and older sedentary vs. middle-aged and older trained (P = 0.29). The reduction in aPWV with salsalate administration was inversely related to baseline (placebo) aPWV (r = -0.60, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis that suppressed NFκB signalling may partially mediate the lower aortic stiffness in middle-aged and older adults who regularly perform aerobic exercise. Because aPWV predicts incident cardiovascular events in this population, this suggests that tonic suppression of NFκB signalling in middle-aged and older exercising adults may potentially lower cardiovascular risk.
[Coinfection by Borrelia burgdorferi, Francisella tularensis and Coxiella burnetii in domestic animals from Gansu province, China].

蜱作为媒介昆虫可以携带多种病原微生物的特点~([1]);土拉弗菌、Q热立克次体、莱姆病螺旋体感染是重要蜱传疾病~([2-4]).为了解上述3种疾病在家畜中的感染状况及人群感染的可能性,本研究在什肃省甘南地区进行了调查。
Smart TV tangible interaction natural user interface design in the scenario of future classroom

This paper presents the design of tangible interaction natural user interface (TIxNUI) of smart TV applications in the scenario of future classroom. This research begins with proposing the integration architecture of 4E future classroom scenario with ARCS learning motivation model. Then, we present the design of TIxNUI by using user journey map and service blueprint. A system, called IxHOLS, is based on a TIxNUI and was designed to help learn general science of human organ. The analysis results based on ARCS model questionnaire to a group of junior high school students show that TIxNUI of IxHOLS do usable and fostered many connections to future classroom implementation. The results also show that IxHOLS do increase learning motivation significantly to the students with lower academic achievement. It also provides the mechanism for future classroom collaborative learning.
Optimizing Cotton Blend Costs with Respect to Quality Using HVI Fiber Properties and Linear Programming: Part I: Fundamentals and Advanced Techniques of Linear Programming

In this part of the study, mathematical linear programming is used to optimize cotton blend costs with respect to HVI quality parameters. Assumptions and limitations of the method are discussed, an...
Surgical Management of Achalasia in a Patient With Previous Gastric Bypass.

Patients with previous foregut surgery who develop additional foregut pathology can be a challenge. Those who have formerly undergone gastric bypass and later develop achalasia are at increased ris...
Analysis and Recommendations

We now give our analysis of the security properties that today’s mobile devices can provide, and offer recommendations to the research community, to app developers, to platform integrators, and to hardware vendors.
Charles Frohman: King of the Star-Makers

Charles Frohman (1856–1915) was active as a producer in both New York and London and brought many British musical comedies to the United States. In 1896 he was one of the founders of the Theatrical Syndicate, which controlled virtually every aspect of tour contracts and bookings throughout the United States for nearly two decades.
Post-Welfare Reform, Low-Income Families and the Dissolution of the Safety Net

There has been a great deal of discussion around the fact that lifting individuals and families out of poverty was not a goal of the 1996 welfare reform legislation. The implementation of welfare reform since 1996 has demonstrated the consequences of caseload reduction as a primary goal. This paper addresses the hardships that can result when lifting people out of poverty is not addressed.
Social Studies for the Twenty-First Century

Book review of ΓC£Social Studies for Secondary Schools: Teaching to Learn, Learning to TeachΓC¥ by Alan J. Singer┬a┬a
The advantages of using impact resonance test in dynamic modulus master curve construction through the abbreviated test protocol

Asphalt concrete behavior is heavily dependent on temperature and loading rate. Hence, the material is typically tested at a range of temperatures and loading frequencies to capture its properties. Results are then used to develop a master curve exhibiting material behavior at the full spectrum of loading frequencies. An abbreviated testing protocol, under AASHTO PP 61-13, proposes a practical approach for development of this master curve. In this practice, the low temperature asymptote of the master curve is dominated by the limiting maximum modulus estimated through the Hirsch model. In this study, the dynamic modulus (DM) testing coupled with impact resonance (IR) test was used to evaluate the effect of this limiting maximum modulus on construction of the asphalt concrete master curve. Three different asphalt mixtures prepared with the same gradation and binder content, but different grades of stiffness were tested. The DM testing was performed at multiple temperatures and loading frequencies. The IR tests were conducted on the same specimens at the same temperatures. Two sigmoid functions (MEPDG and Richards models), and three shift factors (Arrhenius, Williams–Landel–Ferry, and polynomial) were utilized in the analysis. Richards sigmoid function coupled with polynomial shift factor provided the best fitting accuracy to the measured data. It was observed that the limiting maximum modulus obtained from experimental data was underpredicted by that obtained from the Hirsch model. The results indicated potential benefits of the IR test as a complementary testing tool to the abbreviated DM testing protocol to reliably characterize asphalt concrete.
RST Source Code

In this chapter we will provide some implementation of some basic functions of rough set theory. Implementation of RST functions can be found in other libraries as well. The major aspect here is that the source code is also provided with each and every line explained. The explanation in this way will help research community to not only easily use the code but also they can modify as per their own research requirements. We have used Microsoft Excel VBA to implement the function. The reason behind is that VBA provides easy implementation and almost any of the dataset can easily be loaded in to the Excel. We will not only provide implementation of some of the basic RST concepts but also complete implementation and explanation of the source code of some of the most common algorithms like PSO, GA, QuickReduct, etc.
Acceptance of Mobile Health in Communities Underrepresented in Biomedical Research: Barriers and Ethical Considerations for Scientists.

Background: The rapid expansion of direct-to-consumer wearable fitness products (eg, Flex 2, Fitbit) and research-grade sensors (eg, SenseCam, Microsoft Research; activPAL, PAL Technologies) coincides with new opportunities for biomedical and behavioral researchers. Underserved communities report among the highest rates of chronic disease and could benefit from mobile technologies designed to facilitate awareness of health behaviors. However, new and nuanced ethical issues are introduced with new technologies, which are challenging both institutional review boards (IRBs) and researchers alike. Given the potential benefits of such technologies, ethical and regulatory concerns must be carefully considered. Objective: Our aim was to understand potential barriers to using wearable sensors among members of Latino, Somali and Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander (NHPI) communities. These ethnic groups report high rates of disparate health conditions and could benefit from wearable technologies that translate the connection between physical activity and desired health outcomes. Moreover, these groups are traditionally under-represented in biomedical research. Methods: We independently conducted formative research with individuals from southern California, who identified as Latino, Somali, or Native Hawaiian Pacific Islander (NHPI). Data collection methods included survey (NHPI), interview (Latino), and focus group (Somali) with analysis focusing on cross-cutting themes. Results: The results pointed to gaps in informed consent, challenges to data management (ie, participant privacy, data confidentiality, and data sharing conventions), social implications (ie, unwanted attention), and legal risks (ie, potential deportation). Conclusions: Results shed light on concerns that may escalate the digital divide. Recommendations include suggestions for researchers and IRBs to collaborate with a goal of developing meaningful and ethical practices that are responsive to diverse research participants who can benefit from technology-enabled research methods. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02505165; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02505165 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.Webcitation.org/6r9ZSUgoT) [JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017;5(6):e87]
Internet retransmissions in the real world: a comparative analysis of the legal and economic effects of over-the-top broadcast services in Singapore, the United States, and abroad

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the long-term impact of a case concerning an internet broadcast retransmission service called RecordTV from Singapore in comparison to the case of Aereo, where the Supreme Court found the broadcast live streaming service directly liable for copyright infringement. Scholars and industry professionals for and against Aereo predicted at different times that a ruling for the opposing side would undermine all local broadcasting, act as cloud computing’s death knell or would have some other adverse effect on broadcasting or innovation. By comparing the cases and their consequences, this paper aims to describe the unexpected real-world effects of permitting a third-party internet retransmission service to “free the airwaves.”
Critique [of Ethnicity and Empowerment: Implications for Psychological Training in the 1980s by Linda M.C. Abbott]

Abbott9s presentation should be of critical concern for educators and practitioners who prepare others to deliver psychological services to ethnic minority clients. A strong point of the article is the description of a serious problem in many educational programs which fail to adequately prepare psychologists to work among a variety of ethnic groups. Equally significant, the author provides pragmatic recommendations and strategies for addressing the concerns which emerge from a theoretical framework.
Abstract TP185: Stroke Symptom Recognition is Associated With Everyday Linguistic Style and not With Acculturation in Hispanic Americans

Background and Purpose: Prompt recognition and emergency response toward acute stroke has been related in prior literature to reduced delays to treatment. Among Hispanics, disproportionate delays to acute treatment have been related to disparities of knowledge and reduced likelihood to activate 911. Prior research has supported the hypothesis that knowledge of stroke for Hispanics may vary in accordance with non-traditional risk factors including acculturation. The Stroke Action Test (STAT) is an instrument designed to assess stroke knowledge in English speakers based on intended behavioral response, with symptoms phrased in medical and everyday language. The purpose of this study was to assess stroke knowledge in a community sample of Hispanics using a pilot Spanish translation of the STAT. A second objective was to assess the hypothesis that stroke knowledge varies according to acculturation level. Finally, the study assessed the degree to which language style (everyday/medical) was associated with stroke knowledge. Methods: A pilot sample of 94 Hispanics completed interviews including demographics, the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH), and STAT. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations, independent and dependent t-testing. Internal consistency for the Spanish STAT was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Data from this pilot sample of a Spanish STAT indicated that stroke knowledge was low (32%), though similar to a general population sample. Internal consistency of the Spanish STAT was good (α=0.83). No relationship was found between acculturation (SASH) and STAT ( r = 0.08, p = 0.44). A significant relationship was found between language style and stroke knowledge in Spanish speakers ( p = .006, r=.32 ), with everyday language relating to greater symptom recognition. Discussion/Conclusion: Although results are preliminary, these pilot data suggest that language style may play an important role in understanding of stroke symptoms and likelihood of emergency response among Hispanics. The finding that everyday language was associated with more frequent 911 responses may warrant further investigation into the finer linguistic constituents of everyday style and its relationship to urgent behavioral responses.
Study on Features of a Diode-Pumped Alkali Laser: Temperature 3D-Distribution, Thermally-Induced Lens, and Ionization Processes

We develop a 3D-model to evaluate the kinetic processes and the thermal features of a cesium-vapor laser. The 3-dimensional temperature distribution, effective focal length of a thermally-induced lens, and the influence of ionization processes are analyzed.
Moral Identity Predicts the Development of Presence of Meaning During Emerging Adulthood

We examined change over time in the relationship between moral identity and presence of meaning during emerging adulthood. Moral identity refers to a sense of morality and moral values that are cen...
Response by Bernstein to Letter Regarding Article, “Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: Worrisome Enough to Have You Quaking?”

We thank Dr Lipshultz for pointing out an error in our characterization of the European Medicines Agency action on the use of dexrazoxane as a cardioprotective agent for patients receiving anthracycline chemotherapy.1 One of the leaders in the field of pediatric cardio-oncology, Dr Lipshultz was responsible for many of the important studies, cited in our editorial, that characterized the greater than appreciated occurrence of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in children. In his letter, Dr Lipshultz specifically raises issue with our notation that the European Medicines Agency had limited the indication for dexrazoxane to adult patients with advanced disease and contraindicated its use in children in Europe. Dr Lipshultz correctly points out that the European Medicines Agency recently modified this recommendation in July, 2017, such that dexrazoxane is no longer contraindicated in children at the greatest risk of cardiotoxicity (those who receive a cumulative dose of 300 mg/m2 of doxorubicin). In this regard, we stand corrected and would not want to discourage clinicians from considering the appropriate use of this important cardioprotective agent. However, we also note that the full text of the European Medicines Agency decision begins with the statement that “the benefits and risk of dexrazoxane have not been established in children under the age of 18 years…” and that dexrazoxane remains “contraindicated in patients under 18 years old who…receive a total cumulative dose of …
Differential evolution/particle swarm optimizer for constrained slew maneuvers

Abstract This work examines a strategy for combining two heuristic methods, Differential Evolution (DE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to better address the problem of stagnation when solving time-optimal slew-maneuver problems with path constraints. Several approaches are considered, including the use of only PSO or DE, and use of PSO with DE applied to some iterations. Applying a newer form of DE, in which random fractions of the vector-difference components are employed, stagnation is not evident, but the computational time is greater. The combined PSO/DE method handles the stagnation very well, with a 40% reduction in computation time compared with just DE.
Amino Acid- and Insulin-Induced Activation of mTORC1 in Neonatal Piglet Skeletal Muscle Involves Sestin2-GATOR2, Rag A/C-mTOR, and RHEB-mTOR Complex Formation.

Background Feeding stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonates and this response is regulated through activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). The identity of signaling components that regulate mTORC1 activation in neonatal muscle has not been fully elucidated. Objective We investigated the independent effects of the rise in amino acids (AAs) and insulin after a meal on the abundance and activation of potential regulators of mTORC1 in muscle and whether the responses are modified by development. Methods Overnight-fasted 6- and 26-d-old pigs were infused for 2 h with saline (control group) or with a balanced AA mixture (AA group) or insulin (INS group) to achieve fed levels while insulin or AAs, respectively, and glucose were maintained at fasting levels. Muscles were analyzed for potential mTORC1 regulatory mechanisms and results were analyzed by 2-factor ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results The abundances of DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR), growth factor receptor bound protein 10 (GRB10), and regulated in development and DNA damage response 2 (REDD2) were lower (65%, 73%, and 53%, respectively; P < 0.05) and late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and mTOR activator 1/2 (LAMTOR1/2), vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), and Sestrin2 were higher (94%, 141%, 145%, and 127%, respectively; P < 0.05) in 6- than in 26-d-old pigs. Both AA and INS groups increased phosphorylation of GRB10 (P < 0.05) compared with control in 26- but not in 6-d-old pigs. Formation of Ras-related GTP-binding protein A (RagA)-mTOR, RagC-mTOR, and Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB)-mTOR complexes was increased (P < 0.05) and Sestrin2-GTPase activating protein activity towards Rags 2 (GATOR2) complex was decreased (P < 0.05) by both AA and INS groups and these responses were greater (P < 0.05) in 6- than in 26-d-old pigs. Conclusion The results suggest that formation of RagA-mTOR, RagC-mTOR, RHEB-mTOR, and Sestrin2-GATOR2 complexes may be involved in the AA- and INS-induced activation of mTORC1 in skeletal muscle of neonates after a meal and that enhanced activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway in neonatal muscle is in part due to regulation by DEPTOR, GRB10, REDD2, LAMTOR1/2, V-ATPase, and Sestrin2.
Biosynthetic tailoring of existing ascaroside pheromones alters their biological function in C. elegans

Small roundworms such as Caenorhabditis elegans release chemical signals called ascarosides in order to communicate with other worms of the same species. Using the ascarosides, the worm can tell its friends, for example, how crowded the neighborhood is and whether there is enough food. The ascarosides thus help the worms in the population decide whether the neighborhood is good – meaning they should hang around, eat, and make babies – or whether the neighborhood is bad. If so, the worms should develop into a larval stage specialized for dispersal that will allow them to find a better neighborhood. Roundworms make the ascarosides by attaching a long chemical ‘side chain’ to an ascarylose sugar. Further chemical modifications allow the worms to produce different signals. In general, to signal a good neighborhood, worms attach a structure called an indole group to the ascarosides. To signal a bad neighborhood, worms make the side chain very short. But how does a worm control which ascarosides it makes? Zhou, Wang et al. now show that C. elegans can change the meaning of its chemical message by modifying the ascarosides that it has already produced instead of making new ones from scratch. Specifically, as their neighborhood runs out of food, C. elegans can use an enzyme called ACS-7 to initiate the shortening of the side chains of indole-ascarosides. The worm can thus change a favorable ascaroside signal that causes the worms to group together into an unfavorable ascaroside signal that causes the worms to enter their dispersal stage. Although Zhou, Wang et al. have focused on chemical communication in C. elegans, the findings could easily apply to the many other species of roundworm that produce ascarosides. Knowing how worms communicate will help us to understand how worms respond to their environment. This knowledge could potentially be used to interfere with the lifecycles and survival of parasitic worm species that harm health and crops.
Artificial Neural Networks: Neurocomputation

A neurocomputer is an abstract mathematical neural network model capable of computing solutions to specific information processing problems. Neurocomputers are usually referred to as ‘neural networks,’ ‘artificial neural networks (ANN),’ ‘connectionist systems,’ or ‘parallel distributed processing (PDP) systems.’ Neurocomputers are important to neuroscientists since they may implement specific theories of information processing in brain subsystems. The behavior of a neurocomputer may also be systematically compared with animal and human behavior within restricted behavioral task domains in order to explore the implications of a particular psychological theory. Finally, neurocomputers are important because they may suggest novel approaches to solving data analysis and computational problems which occur in an engineering context. This article introduces the neurocomputation concept from a historical perspective.
Pathology of Head and Neck Cancer II: Mesenchymal and Lymphoid Tumors

Whereas head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is primarily a disease of middle age and older adults, malignant mesenchymal tumors (sarcomas) are more commonly seen in infants to young adults. The breadth of mesenchymal and lymphoid tumors is at least as that wide as among the epithelial tumors. In many respects, this is a more difficult group of lesions to study. The relative rarity of the sarcomas necessitates retrospective collection of cases over long periods of time (during which diagnostic approaches and treatment options may have undergone dramatic changes), or multi-institution prospective studies. This chapter will review the more common mesenchymal and lymphoid neoplasms affecting the head and neck. We will begin with matrix-producing tumors, i.e., those that make bone or cartilage, then turn to skeletal muscle tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma), a common pediatric tumor frequently involving head and neck sites. From there we will survey the remaining spectrum of malignant soft tissue tumors. Finally, we turn to the lymphomas, where newer molecular techniques play a vital role, not only in our theoretic understanding of disease pathogenesis, but in the classification and treatment of this group of tumors.