cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin (TRPM) Channels Mediate Clozapine-induced Phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are not fully understood. Here, we characterize phenotypes of missense and knockout mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) channel ortholog gtl-2, a candidate APD target identified in a genome-wide RNAi (RNA interference) screen for Suppressors of Clozapine-induced Larval Arrest (scla genes). We then employ the developmental phenotypes of gtl-2(lf) mutants to validate our previous gtl-2(RNAi) result. GTL-2 acts in the excretory canal cell to regulate Mg2+ homeostasis. Using exc (excretory canal abnormal) gene mutants, we demonstrate that excretory canal cell function is necessary for clozapine-induced developmental delay and lethality. Moreover, cell-specific promoter-driven expression studies reveal that GTL-2 function in the excretory canal cell is important for its role in the SCLA phenotype. We then investigate the mechanism by which GTL-2 function in the excretory canal cell impact...
Toward Solving the Riddle The Enigma Becomes Less Mysterious

See related article, pages 468–476 “ It is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma .”1 The mythical Greek Sphinx posed riddles to passers-by. Those who could not answer met their demise until Oedipus solved the riddle and the Sphinx self-destructed. Ultimately the terms sphinx and enigma became associated and in 1884 J.L.W. Thudichum, known as the “Father of Neurochemistry,” named the chemical backbone of sphingolipids for their enigmatic “Sphinx-like” properties. Recently, studies of sphingolipid actions have achieved increasing importance in understanding the pathophysiology of acute ischemia/reperfusion injury through studies of sphingosine kinase (SphK) and its end-product, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Activation of SphK is the final and rate-limiting enzymatic step in the synthesis of S1P, which is an intracellular and extracellular signaling molecule that regulates many important cellular processes including growth, survival, differentiation, cytoskeletal rearrangements, motility, angiogenesis, and calcium mobilization. In contrast, the sphingosine precursor ceramide is a growth-inhibiting lipid implicated in differentiation and apoptosis. These findings have led to the so-called “sphingolipid rheostat” hypothesis, which proposes that the relative levels of these lipids are important determinants of cell fate.2 It is now accepted that many of the actions of S1P are mediated by a family of G protein–coupled S1P receptor isoforms, termed S1P1–5. With regard to the cardiovascular system, platelets store and release S1P, which is known to regulate endothelial function and signaling. There is a substantial gradient between intracellular and extracellular concentrations of S1P. In human serum estimates of S1P concentration range from 0.5 to 1 μmol/L or more, whereas intracellular levels vary among tissues but are much lower possibly due in part to export of S1P or SphK (Figure). Also implicated in the regulation of S1P levels are degradation by both S1P lyase and dephosporylation by S1P phosphohydrolase. About 60% …
Systematics of the population of rotational bands in deformed nuclei in the (n, γ) reaction

Abstract In the (n, γ) reaction, a striking regularity occurs in the populations of low-lying states belonging to the same rotational band: as a function of excitation energy the populations for successive spins lie on smooth curves which, for different bands, are essentially parallel. This systematic behavior offers a new tool for classifying states in deformed nuclei.
Spatial correlation of shear-wave velocity in the San Francisco Bay Area sediments

Abstract Ground motions recorded within sedimentary basins are variable over short distances. One important cause of the variability is that local soil properties are variable at all scales. Regional hazard maps developed for predicting site effects are generally derived from maps of surficial geology; however, recent studies have shown that mapped geologic units do not correlate well with the average shear-wave velocity of the upper 30 m, Vs(30). We model the horizontal variability of near-surface soil shear-wave velocity in the San Francisco Bay Area to estimate values in unsampled locations in order to account for site effects in a continuous manner. Previous geostatistical studies of soil properties have shown horizontal correlations at the scale of meters to tens of meters while the vertical correlations are on the order of centimeters. In this paper we analyze shear-wave velocity data over regional distances and find that surface shear-wave velocity is correlated at horizontal distances up to 4 km based on data from seismic cone penetration tests and the spectral analysis of surface waves. We propose a method to map site effects by using geostatistical methods based on the shear-wave velocity correlation structure within a sedimentary basin. If used in conjunction with densely spaced shear-wave velocity profiles in regions of high seismic risk, geostatistical methods can produce reliable continuous maps of site effects.
The Engaged Dialogue: Reflections on Preparing African American Teachers for Diverse Classrooms

“I’m not saying that you or anyone else in this department is racist. I am saying that we—me included—struggle to teach our African American students, especially young Black men, and we need to dea...
On asymptotically design-unbiased estimators of a finite population mean

SUMMARY Certain regression-type estimators of a finite population mean are examined for their asymptotic design properties. A sufficient condition that implies the design-consistency or asymptotic design-unbiasedness is discussed for a general regression estimator. The leading term of its asymptotic bias is explicitly derived when this condition holds as well as when it does not hold.
The spindle position checkpoint is coordinated by the Elm1 kinase

How dividing cells monitor the effective transmission of genomes during mitosis is poorly understood. Budding yeast use a signaling pathway known as the spindle position checkpoint (SPC) to ensure the arrival of one end of the mitotic spindle in the nascent daughter cell. An important question is how SPC activity is coordinated with mother–daughter polarity. We sought to identify factors at the bud neck, the junction between mother and bud, which contribute to checkpoint signaling. In this paper, we show that the protein kinase Elm1 is an obligate regulator of the SPC, and this function requires localization of Elm1 to the bud neck. Furthermore, we show that Elm1 promotes the activity of the checkpoint kinase Kin4. These findings reveal a novel function for Elm1 in the SPC and suggest how checkpoint activity may be linked to cellular organization.
31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of mesenteric ischemia

31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed in vivo on normal and ischemic rat intestine. Within 3 min after induction of ischemia, there is a dramatic fall in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and rise in inorganic phosphate (Pi). Our results suggest that MRS may prove useful in the early detection of mesenteric ischemia. © 1987 Academic Press Inc.
Biomimetic scaffolds facilitate healing of critical-sized segmental mandibular defects.

Abstract Objective To investigate the efficacy of biomimetic PLGA scaffolds, alone and in combination with bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), to heal a critical-sized segmental mandibular defect in a rat model. Study design Prospective animal study. Methods ASCs were isolated and cultured from the inguinal fat of Lewis rat pups. Using three-dimensional printing, PLGA scaffolds were fabricated and impregnated with BMP-2 and/or ASCs. Critical-sized 5-mm segmental mandibular defects were created in adult Lewis rats and implanted with (1) blank PLGA scaffolds, (2) PLGA scaffolds with ASCs, (3) PLGA scaffolds with BMP, or (4) PLGA scaffolds with BMP and ASCs. Animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks. Bone regeneration was assessed using microCT, and graded on a semi-quantitative bone formation and bone union scale. Results Twenty-eight rats underwent creation of segmental mandibular defects with implantation of scaffolds. Nine rats suffered complications and were excluded from analysis, leaving 19 animals for inclusion in the study. MicroCT analysis demonstrated no bridging of the segmental bony defect in rats implanted with blank scaffolds (median bone union score = 0). Rats implanted with scaffolds containing BMP-2 (median bone union = 2.0), ASCs (median bone union = 1.5), and combination of BMP and ASCs (median bone union = 1.0) demonstrated healing of critical-sized segmental mandibular defects. Bone regeneration was most robust in the BMP-2 treated scaffolds. Conclusions The current study utilizes a novel animal model to study the efficacy of biomimetic scaffolds carrying osteogenic factors to induce healing of a critical-sized segmental mandibular defect. Level of evidence N/A, Basic Science Animal Research.
A carbonate-rich, hydrated, interplanetary dust particle: possible residue from protostellar clouds

Transmission electron microscopy of a hydrated interplanetary dust particle (IDP) indicates that it contains abundant magnesium-iron carbonates, primarily breunnerite and magnesian siderite. This IDP displays a strong absorption band at 6.8 micrometers in its infrared spectrum, similar to that in certain protostellar spectra. The carbonates probably account for the 6.8-micrometer band in the IDP spectrum, suggesting that carbonate also may occur in interstellar dust and be the source of the controversial 6.8-micrometer feature from the protostellar spectra.
A Hypothetical Structural Role for Proline Residues in the Flanking Segments of Protein-Protein Interaction Sites

An examination of more than 1600 protein-protein interaction sites indicated that proline is the residue most commonly found near interaction sites. A structural role is distinguished for these proline residues in the flanking segments of protein-protein interaction sites. The unique nature of proline helps protect the integrity and present the sites, thus promoting protein-protein interactions. A novel approach to the design and development of potent peptide drugs and a simple predictive method to identify protein-protein interaction sites directly from the amino acid sequence have been developed based on this finding. The recognition of this structural role for proline has strong implications for protein chemistry and protein engineering.
Reversal of diabetes insipidus in Brattleboro rats: intrahypothalamic injection of vasopressin mRNA

Messenger RNAs occur within the axons of magnocellular hypothalamic neurons known to secrete oxytocin and vasopressin. In Brattleboro rats, which have a genetic mutation that renders them incapable of vasopressin expression and secretion and thus causes diabetes insipidus, injection into the hypothalamus of purified mRNAs from normal rat hypothalami or of synthetic copies of the vasopressin mRNA leads to selective uptake, retrograde transport, and expression of vasopressin exclusively in the magnocellular neurons. Temporary reversal of their diabetes insipidus (for up to 5 days) can be observed within hours of the injection. Intra-axonal mRNAs may represent an additional category of chemical signals for neurons.
Sudden intraoperative hypotension in a patient with asymptomatic urticaria pigmentosa.

Urticaria pigmentosa is a usually benign and asymptomatic cutaneous variant of mastocytosis, a disorder distinguished by abnormal proliferation of tissue mast cells (1,2). Infrequently, the systemic variant of mastocytosis, characterized by abnormal, secretory mast cell aggregations in visceral orga
A pipelined memory management algorithm for distributed shared memory switches

The distributed shared memory (DSM) packet switching architecture has attracted much attention recently, predominantly due to its ability to overcome the inherent memory-bandwidth limitation of output-queued switches. Its performance has been studied from a theoretical point of view by exploring the conditions under which it can emulate an output-queued switch. At the core of the DSM design is a memory management algorithm that determines the memory units to which arriving packets are forwarded. However, the complexity of such algorithms found to date is O(N), where N denotes the number of ports in the system, thereby inherently limiting the scalability of the scheme. In this paper, we propose a novel pipelined memory management algorithm for DSM switches which offers reduced timing complexity at the cost of fixed latency. Moreover, we demonstrate how processing and memory-access speedup factors yield a highly scalable DSM switch architecture design.
Generation of highly site-specific DNA double-strand breaks in human cells by the homing endonucleases I-PpoI and I-CreI.

We have determined the ability of two well-characterized eukaryotic homing endonucleases, I-PpoI from the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum and I-CreI from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to generate site-specific DNA double-strand breaks in human cells. These 18-kDa proteins cleave highly conserved 15- or 24-bp rDNA homing sites in their respective hosts to generate homogeneous 4-base, 3' ends that initiate target intron transposition or "homing." We show that both endonucleases can be expressed in human cells and can generate site-specific DNA double-strand breaks in 28S rDNA and homing site plasmids. These endonuclease-induced breaks can be repaired in vivo, although break repair is mutagenic with the frequent generation of short deletions or insertions. I-PpoI and I-CreI should be useful for analyzing DNA double-strand break repair in human cells and rDNA.
Exploiting unannotated corpora for tagging and chunking

We present a method that exploits unannotated corpora for compensating the paucity of annotated training data on the chunking and tagging tasks. It collects and compresses feature frequencies from a large unannotated corpus for use by linear classifiers. Experiments on two tasks show that it consistently produces significant performance improvements.
Subsets of Primary Input Vectors in Sequential Test Generation for Single Stuck-at Faults

The complexity of deterministic sequential test generation for a target fault in a circuit with n primary inputs is determined by the need to explore a search space that consists of 2n primary input vectors at every time unit. This paper studies the possibility of reducing the complexity of deterministic sequential test generation by using subsets of primary input vectors of limited sizes during test generation for target faults. It considers a test generation procedure that uses subsets of primary input vectors of size N, for increasing values of N starting with N=1 . The subsets consist of primary input vectors from the test sequence already generated, and of random primary input vectors. The results indicate that all or most of the detectable single stuck-at faults in benchmark circuits can be detected using small subsets of primary input vectors.
Polarimetric synthetic-aperture inversion for extended targets in clutter

This paper presents an analytic inversion method for a polarimetric synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) in the case of an extended target embedded in clutter. The measurements are also contaminated by thermal noise. We use microlocal analysis in a statistical setting to develop a filtered-backprojection-type reconstruction method. The inversion method accommodates arbitrary waveforms and arbitrary flight paths. We model the antennas and scatterers as dipoles; scatterers are thus characterized by a spatially varying scattering matrix. We include directional scattering assumptions to distinguish a curve-like extended target from clutter, which is assumed to scatter isotropically. For the inversion we choose the backprojection filter which minimizes the mean-square error between the reconstructed image and the actual target scattering matrix. Our work differs from standard polarimetric SAR imaging in that we do not perform channel-by-channel image reconstruction. We find that it is preferable to use a coupled reconstruction scheme in which we use all sets of collected data to form each element of the scattering matrix. We show in our numerical experiments that the coupled reconstruction not only minimizes the mean-square error but also improves the image target-to-clutter ratio in certain scenarios.
OCDMA Code Utilization Increase: Capacity and Spectral Efficiency Enrichment

A novel spreading code-set is proposed to increase the optical CDMA networks capacity and spectral efficiency. The coding scheme is based on the prime code (PC) families, referred to as 'transposed modified prime codes (T-MPC)'. This code family doubles the cardinality of existing PC families. Since the time-shift is no longer a feature in T-MPC like in conventional modified prime codes (MPC), the code is not predictable and thus provides more physical layer security. The code structure is similar to MPC; therefore, its deployment in a system/network already running MPC will not require hardware revision. Due to the higher code utilization factor of this new code-set, greater number of users is accommodated under certain bit- error rate (BER) resulting in remarkable improvement in the network capacity and spectral efficiency (SE).
Microfluidic cavity surface emitting laser based biosensor

The goal of this research is to characterize different biological cells with the help of intracavity spectroscopy following the work of Gourley et al in 1997. This paper reports initial results on device fabrication, and modulation of laser threshold and slope efficiency, with the bioanalyte's refractive index. An approximate mathematical model is also proposed to support the experimental results.
Statistical estimation of the minimum drug concentration at the steady state when the assay result is below the lower limit of quantitation

In clinical studies it is common to assess the minimum drug concentration (Cmin) in blood at the steady state. However it is not uncommon to have a small number of assay results that are below the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ). While the 0<actual Cmin<LLOQ, some researchers are willing to estimate Cmin by the either extreme. Using 0 underestimates the true value and precludes logarithmic transformation of Cmin for statistical analysis and calculation of geometric mean. Using LLOQ for imputation results in over-estimation. In either case the magnitude of bias was unknown. Other methods proposed included imputation with a small quantity (e.g. 12 LLOQ), exclusion of observations<LLOQ, or utilization of non-parametric statistical analysis without imputation. However, statistical power would be reduced and/or bias introduced if Cmin has an approximate log-normal probability distribution. This abstract proposes two imputation methods when log of Cmin follows a normal distribution. The first method derives the mean and variance for values<LLOQ via integration over the probability density function. The second method uses median of the tail probability distribution to impute a magnitude below LLOQ. Estimation based on each of the two methods is provided using a real data set. In this case, the estimated Cmin is approximately 60% and 75% of LLOQ using mean and median methods, respectively. Monte Carlo simulation is used to assess the performance of the proposed methods. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P42–P42; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.157
Spirituality as a Lived Experience: Exploring the Essence of Spirituality for Women in Late Life:

Against the backdrop of a dramatic increase in the number of individuals living longer, particularly older women, it is vital that researchers explore the intersection of spirituality, gender, and aging. In this qualitative study of six women aged 80 and older, I explore, using, multiple, in-depth interviews, the experiences of spirituality over the life course. A hermeneutic phenomenological analysis of the interviews was performed and provided insights into the nature of their “lived experience” allowing for the understanding of the essence of their spirituality. The results are presented as an interpretation of the participants’ perceptions of their spirituality and spiritual experiences. For the women in this study, the essence of their spirituality lies in: being profoundly grateful; engaging in complete acceptance; and having a strong sense of assuredness, while stressing the linkages and importance of spirituality. Implications for understanding spirituality for older adults are considered.
Vascular safe zones in hip arthroscopy.

BackgroundHip arthroscopy is an evolving surgical technique being performed in greater numbers because of advances in skill, improved technology, and increased demand. Identifying vascular safe zones using anatomic and intracapsular landmarks provides a valuable intraoperative guide to reduce the risk of damage to the femoral head blood supply during femoral neck osteoplasty and psoas tendon release.PurposeThis series is presented to identify vascular safe zones for use in hip arthroscopy.Study DesignCase series; Level of evidence, 4.MethodsThe authors analyzed 76 consecutive contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance scans obtained from patients with diagnosed femoral acetabular impingement. High-resolution 3-dimensional images were reconstructed to visualize the vasculature. The medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA) course was traced from the anterior thigh to the femoral head. Specific attention was paid to its proximity to the psoas tendon at the site of release and the retinacular vessel course in relati...
Simulated Ischemia in Flow-Adapted Endothelial Cells Leads to Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Cell Signaling

Abstract—We have previously shown that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation occurs with ischemia in the oxygenated lung and have hypothesized that mechanotransduction is the initiating event. In the present study, we developed an in vitro model of oxygenated ischemia by interrupting medium flow to flow-adapted bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in an artificial capillary system. Cellular oxygenation during the “ischemic” period was maintained by perfusing medium over the abluminal surface of porous capillaries. Cells were assessed for ROS generation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding activities, and DNA synthesis using dichlorofluorescein fluorescence by flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay of nuclear extracts with NF-κB–specific or AP-1–specific 32P-labeled oligonucleotides, and 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Cells that were flow adapted for 2 to 7 days with 1 to 2 dyne/cm2 shear stress exhibited a 1.6- to 1....
Femoral neck fracture during physical therapy following surface replacement arthroplasty: a preventable complication? A case report

This case report describes two cases of peri-prosthetic fracture during physical therapy in patients who underwent a hip resurfacing, or surface replacement arthroplasty. The fractures occurred with forceful passive combined flexion and external rotation. Functional results were ultimately obtained in both cases, requiring conversion to total hip arthroplasty. Recognizing patient risk factors and cautioning therapists about the possibility of fracture may have prevented these complications.
Meeting the data challenge: curriculum development for parallel data systems

The emergence of commodity-based high performance computing systems and low-cost storage systems in concert with the continued proliferation of data has created a significant need for technologists with expertise in parallel data systems. The training in this area, though, falls outside the traditional boundaries of the data management curriculum. In this paper, we describe our efforts in developing a new course focused on parallel data systems, which exploit the power of high performance computing and commodity hardware to deliver high throughput and well-scaled storage systems. We describe in detail the trends and forces driving the need for this course, the topics to be covered in this course, the data laboratory to be used with the course, assessment methods to measure student progress, and desired learning outcomes for the course.
Nonlinear Response for Neoplastic Transformation following Low Doses of Low Let Radiation

There are now several independent studies that indicate that the dose-response for the endpoint of radiation-induced neoplastic transformation in vitro is non-linear for low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. At low doses (<10 cGy) the transformation frequency drops below that seen spontaneously. Importantly, this observation has been made using fluoroscopic energy x-rays, a commonly used modality in diagnostic radiology, the practice of which is responsible for the majority of radiation exposure to the general public. Since the transformation frequency is reduced over a large dose range (0.1 to 10cGy) it is likely that multiple mechanisms are involved and that the relative contribution of these may vary with dose. These include the killing of a subpopulation of cells prone to spontaneous transformation at the lowest doses, and the induction of DNA repair at somewhat higher doses. Protective effects of low doses of low LET radiation on other cancer-relevant endpoints in vitro and in vivo have also been observed by several independent laboratories. These observations strongly suggest that the linear-nonthreshold dose-response model is unlikely to apply to the induction of cancer by low doses of low LET radiation in humans.
A rolling constraint reproduces ground reaction forces and moments in dynamic simulations of walking, running, and crouch gait

Recent advances in computational technology have dramatically increased the use of muscle-driven simulation to study accelerations produced by muscles during gait. Accelerations computed from muscle-driven simulations are sensitive to the model used to represent contact between the foot and ground. A foot-ground contact model must be able to calculate ground reaction forces and moments that are consistent with experimentally measured ground reaction forces and moments. We show here that a rolling constraint can model foot-ground contact and reproduce measured ground reaction forces and moments in an induced acceleration analysis of muscle-driven simulations of walking, running, and crouch gait. We also illustrate that a point constraint and a weld constraint used to model foot-ground contact in previous studies produce inaccurate reaction moments and lead to contradictory interpretations of muscle function. To enable others to use and test these different constraint types (i.e., rolling, point, and weld constraints) we have included them as part of an induced acceleration analysis in OpenSim, a freely-available biomechanics simulation package.
Seasonal sea turtle mortality risk from forced submergence in bottom trawls

The risk of mortality to sea turtles with increasing trawl tow time was assessed in two seasons, summer and winter. Tows of 10 min or less had negligible mortality in both seasons while intermediate tow times resulted in rapid escalations in mortality before reaching a plateau of high mortality. Mortality increased more quickly in winter than in summer.
Redox and Light Control the Heme-Sensing Activity of AppA

ABSTRACT The DNA binding activity of the photosystem-specific repressor PpsR is known to be repressed by the antirepressor AppA. AppA contains a blue-light-absorbing BLUF domain and a heme-binding SCHIC domain that controls the interaction of AppA with PpsR in response to light and heme availability. In this study, we have solved the structure of the SCHIC domain and identified the histidine residue that is critical for heme binding. We also demonstrate that dark-adapted AppA binds heme better than light-excited AppA does and that heme bound to the SCHIC domain significantly reduces the length of the BLUF photocycle. We further show that heme binding to the SCHIC domain is affected by the redox state of a disulfide bridge located in the Cys-rich carboxyl-terminal region. These results demonstrate that light, redox, and heme are integrated inputs that control AppA’s ability to disrupt the DNA binding activity of PpsR. IMPORTANCE Photosynthetic bacteria must coordinate synthesis of the tetrapyrroles cobalamin, heme, and bacteriochlorophyll, as overproduction of the latter two is toxic to cells. A key regulator controlling tetrapyrrole biosynthesis is PpsR, and the activity of PpsR is controlled by the heme-binding and light-regulated antirepressor AppA. We show that AppA binds heme only under dark conditions and that heme binding significantly affects the length of the AppA photocycle. Since AppA interacts with PpsR only in the dark, bound heme thus stimulates the antirepressor activity of PpsR. This causes the redirection of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis away from heme into the bacteriochlorophyll branch.
Balloon-Expandable Stent Treatment of Experimental Coarctation of the Aorta: Early Hemodynamic and Pathological Evaluation

The present study was intended to evaluate the acute and short-term hemodynamic, angiographic, and pathological response to balloon-expandable stent treatment of experimental coarctation of the aorta. A discrete thoracic coarctation was surgically created in six mongrel dogs (two adults, four puppies). Two months postoperatively all six dogs (8.9-30 kg) underwent left heart catheterization and coarctation stenting performed through a femoral artery cutdown. A Palmaz PS-30 stent was advanced to the coarctation through a IOFrench sheath, and expanded with an angioplasty balloon chosen to equal the diameter of the proximaf aorta (9-12 mm). Sfent implantation was successful in each dog. The systolic pressure gradient decreased from 26.3 ? 9.1 mmHg (mean & SE) to 0.5 c 0.5 mmHg (P = OM), and the coarctation diameter improved from 50 2 6% to 82 c 6% of the diameter of the proximal descending aorta (P < 0.01). Follow-up catheterization 4-7 weeks after stenting documented no stent migration, early restenosis, thrombosis, obstruction of arterial side branches, or aneurysm formation. Pathological evaluation of the explanted segments of stented aorta documented that by 6-7 weeks the stents are covered by a neointima composed of intimal proliferation and fibrosis with an endothelial cell surface. These data suggest that balloon-expandable stainless steel stents provide excellent acute and short-term relief of coarctation in this experimental model. Larger and longerterm studies are needed to better assess the incidence of restenosis or aneurysm formation following stenring of coarctation of the aorta. (J Interven Cardiol 1993; 6: 113-123)
Evaluation of Success Rate of Endodontic Treatment Performed by Students with Stainless-Steel K–Files and Nickel–Titanium Hand Files

A previous study by our group found nickel-titanium (NiTi) 0.02 hand files maintained the original canal shape better than similar stainless-steel K-files (SS-K). Inexperienced dental students used both file types on molar teeth. The purpose of this study was to compare the 1-yr success rate of endodontic treatment of the same teeth used in our previous study. Twelve-month follow-up radiographs were compared with the immediate follow-up radiographs. Both sets of radiographs were taken with the same customized stent. Quantification of osseous changes using digital imaging was used. Thus, a reliable numerical estimation (densitometric ratio) of disease and healing processes could be established. Sixty-seven percent of the patients returned for the 12-month radiographs (19 NiTi vs. 21 SS-K). Immediate postoperative periapical status was found to be similar (p > 0.05). Teeth instrumented with the NiTi files demonstrated a higher mean change in densitometric ratio, compared with SS-K files (p
Foliation-dependence of CFTs in Lorentzian-AdS/CFT

In the Lorentzian $\mathrm{AdS}/\mathrm{CFT}$ correspondence, CFTs are identified by asymptotic boundary surfaces and the boundary conditions imposed on those surfaces. However, AdS can be foliated in various ways to give different boundaries. We show that the CFTs obtained using certain distinct foliations are different. This happens because the asymptotic region of a foliation overlaps with the deep interior region of another. In particular, we focus on the CFTs defined on surfaces of large constant radius in global coordinates, Rindler-AdS coordinates, and Poincar\'e coordinates for ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{3}$. We refer to these as global-CFT, Rindler-CFT and Poincar\'e-CFT, respectively. We demonstrate that the correlators for these CFTs are different and argue that the bulk duals to these should agree up to very close to the respective horizons but then start differing. Since the BTZ black hole is obtained as a quotient of ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{3}$, we discuss the implications of our results for bulk duals of periodically identified Poincar\'e and Rindler-CFTs. Our results are consistent with some recent proposals suggesting a modification of the semiclassical BTZ geometry close to the horizons.
Inflammatory bowel disease in children

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease is a complex area of pediatric gastrointestinal imaging. Multiple causative factors are discussed with emphasis upon disorders without known or presumed infectious etiology. Conditions discussed include Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, Behcet's disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis with their respective clinical and radiological findings, differential diagnosis features, plus pertinent extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease.
Evaluation of Ciba C-9491 as a Mothproofing Agent. Part 1

Ciba C-9491, ( O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate) applied to woolen cloths from emulsion baths satisfactorily protected them against feeding by larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (F.), before the cloths were cleansed or after they were dry cleaned one time and after they had aged 6 months without any cleansing. Chemical analyses showed that C-9491 residues of at least 0.03 and 0.10% by weight of the cloth were necessary to provide satisfactory protection after dry cleaning or after 6 months of aging of the cloth, respectively. In padding-bath application studies with C-9491, it was shown that the addition of wetting-spreading agents increased the amount of padding solution picked up by the cloth. Chemical analyses showed that the increased wet pickup resulted in greater deposits of C-9491 on the cloth. When Ciba C-9491 was applied to woolen cloths in dry cleaning solvents, chemical analyses showed that: (1) calculated and actual deposits of C-9491 were similar, (2) C-9491 deposits were generally not affected by steam pressing or oven drying, and (3) no buildup of deposits occurred on the cloths when they were re-treated 3 times during the dry cleaning process.
EXPERIMENTAL HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN THE NYMPHALID BUTTERFLIES PHYCIODES THAROS AND P. CAMPESTRIS MONTANA.

Genetic incompatibility between populations or species may result in varying degrees of sterility or inviability in their F1 hybrid or backcross progeny. Hybrid sterility has been extensively investigated; Stebbins (1958) has given a thorough review of the subject. Hybrid sterility is usually a structural problem, often caused by the failure of homologous chromosomes to pair during meiosis. However, hybrid metabolic disorders may cause lack of development of the gonads, resulting in sterility. Hybrid inviability, on the other hand, is due primarily to a breakdown in the integration of the regulatory portion of the genome (Wilson, 1976), although Manwell and Baker (1970) have reported cases of hybrid inviability due to protein miscomplementation in the developing F1 hybrid. Regulatory genes control metabolic abilities, whereas structural genes are responsible for the synthesis of enzymes in the organism. Because of the tremendous complexity of the regulatory portion of the animal genome, compared to the structural portion, it is to be expected that the most sensitive test for genetic incompatibility between populations and species would be an assay of viability and fertility by laboratory hybridization. Recent electrophoretic data on the nymphalid butterfly Phyciodes tharos Drury in the eastern United States (Vawter and Brussard, 1975) indicate that there may be a nearly insignificant amount of genetic differentiation among populations as measured by electrophoretic variants. Laboratory crosses between widely separated populations within the same geographic
Sex Pheromones of Noctuid Moths. XIII. Changes in Pheromone Quantity, as Related to Reproductive Age and Mating History, in Females of Seven Species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera)

Changes in sex pheromone quantity in relation to age, reproductive maturity, and mating were determined in females of 7 species representing 3 subfamilies of Noctuidae. Species studied were: subfamily Plusiinae— Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), Psendoplusia includens Walker, and Rachiplusia on (Guenee) ; subfamily Amphipyrinae— Prodenia ornithogalli GuenA©e and Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) ; and subfamily Heliothinae— Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.). In general, for each species, rapid production of sex pheromone occurred within 1.0 day preceding or following emergence from the pupa; the proportion of females mating reached 50% of its maximum level by 0–1.5 days following emergence; and the proportion of females containing at least 20 chorionated eggs reached 50% of its maximum level by 0.5–2.0 days following emergence. The occurrence of a single mating on the third night following emergence did not cause a rapid disappearance of sex pheromone among 5 species studied. This phenomenon is consistent with the fact that females of many noctuid species commonly mate more than once.
San Miguel, Baja California Norte, earthquakes of February, 1956: A field report

abstract The San Miguel, Baja California Norte, earthquakes of February 9 and 14, 1956, were felt over most of northern Baja California and parts of southern California. They originated on the San Miguel fault. This newly named fault runs from the southern end of the Sierra Juarez, near the eastern end of the Agua Blanca fault, about N 60° W across the Alamo Plain. At least twelve miles of surface rupture occurred along this line during the February shocks. Cracks were uniformly open and arranged en echelon , stepping to the left. Magnitude of displacement was variable, but the direction was always right-lateral and up to the northeast. Surface evidence indicates that the fault is nearly vertical. A zone of springs, linear hills and valleys, displaced drainage, and closed basins extends beyond the zone of surface rupture for fifty miles northwest to the vicinity of Guadalupe. The main shock of February 9 occurred close to the northwest projection of the surface trace; the two major aftershocks on February 14 were near the southeast projection. This implies progressive faulting from northwest to southeast, similar to the southwest-to-northeast faulting in the Arvin-Tehachapi earthquake. Slides occurred on the steep slopes of the Sierra Juarez. Temporary warm springs were formed a few miles from the fault, and near-by existing springs had variations in their flow. Total property loss was small because there were few objects to be damaged. The six-building community of San Miguel, astride the fault, was severely hit: three adobe houses were destroyed and a frame schoolhouse was shifted from its inadequate foundations. Two brush shacks were relatively undamaged. Elsewhere, adobe and unreinforced concrete block structures suffered varying degrees of damage, most of which has gone unrepaired. The most common form of damage was cracking upward and outward from lintels. The principal damage in and around the Alamo Plain, the area of surface rupture, was apparently from the shock of February 9. Beyond the southeast end of the surface trace, the only reported damage was from the aftershocks of February 14.
Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR for detection of Neisseria meningitidis

Objective:To establish a method of fluorescent quantitative PCR and examine its utility for detection of Neisseria meningitidis.Methods:167specimens were detected by culture method of national standards,and compared with the method of fluorescent quantitative PCR.The results of two different methods were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescent quantitative PCR method was obtained.Results:The detective result of fluorescent quantitative PCR was 55.56% accordance to that of traditional methods.5 specimens were detected positive both by traditional methods and fluorescent quantitative PCR method,and 4 specimens detected negative by traditional methods were positive by fluorescent quantitative PCR method,which showed that fluorescent quantitative PCR method had higher sensitivity than traditional methods.The specificity and sensitivity of fluorescent quantitative PCR method was 100% and 103 copies/ml,respectively.Conclusion:Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR is an ideal method for detection of Neisseria meningitidis with high accuracy and sensitivity.
Uptake, depuration and bioconcentration of bisphenol AF (BPAF) in whole-body and tissues of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Bisphenol AF (BPAF) is an analog of Bisphenol A (BPA) and is widely used as a raw material in the plastics industry. However, an understanding of the potential risks posed by BPAF in the aquatic environment is lacking. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) is a measure used to assess the secondary poisoning potential as well as risks to human health. In this work we measured the accumulation and elimination of BPAF in the whole-body and in liver, muscle and gonad tissues of zebrafish. BPAF uptake was relatively rapid with equilibrium concentrations reached after 24-72h of exposure. We observed gender differences both in whole-body and in tissue accumulation. Muscle was the primary BPAF storage tissue during the uptake phase in this study. In the elimination phase, BPAF concentrations declined rapidly during depuration, especially during the initial 2h, and the rate of elimination in males was faster than females from the whole-body and from tissues. The appearance of BPAF glucuronide (BPAF-G) at the start of the uptake phase indicated the rapid biotransformation of BPAF to BPAF-G in vivo. The high lipid content of female gonad could act to delay the diffusion of the xenobiotic within the body in a contaminated environment, but it also acts to delay xenobiotic elimination from the body.
The librarians role in portal development: Providing unique perspectives and skills

Les bibliothecaires ayant de l'experience dans le domaine des portails sont des acteurs potentiels valables au sein d'une equipe pour la planification et l'implementation de portails dans un campus
Things, Collections and Numbers

While Bolzano’s theory of collections has been compared to set-theory and Lesniewskian-type mereology, it can be reduced to neither.1 His analyses present a vast historical interest and arguably a philosophical one as well — the latter as long as they are considered for what they are: an investigation in the nature of collective entities whose results are put to work in Bolzano’s semantics as well as in his philosophy of mathematics. Bolzano’s collections (Inbegriffe) are neither sets, nor mereological sums, nor classes. What they are follows from the following tentative definition: One very important genus of complex ideas that we encounter everywhere are those in which the idea of collection (Inbegriff) appears. There are many types of the latter […] I must first determine with more precision the concept I associate with the word collection. I use this word in the same sense as it is used in the common usage and thus understand by a collection of certain things exactly the same as what one would express by the words: a combination (Verbindung) or association (Vereinigung) of these things, a gathering (Zusammensein) of the latter, a whole (Ganzes) in which they occur as parts (Teile). Hence the mere idea of a collection does not allow us to determine in which order and sequence the things that are put together appear or, indeed, whether there is or can be such an order. […] A collection, it seems to me, is nothing other than something complex (das Zusammengesetztheit hat). (1837, §82, 393)
Predictors of Help-Seeking Intentions in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans and Service Members

ABSTRACTObjectives: Despite significant numbers of Afghanistan and Iraqi veterans and service members who report symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, the majority do not seek help for these problems. A better understanding of the help-seeking process might aid providers and administrators in outreach and provision of services for those who need them. Past research has shown several variables that influence an individual's help-seeking behavior: demographic variables, the nature and severity of a mental health problem, and psychological variables. The three goals of the study were to determine which variables predicted help-seeking intentions from various sources for a psychological problem, identify barriers to help seeking, and identify sources of help sought in the past year. Materials and Methods: All Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans and service members registered with a Midwestern VA Healthcare System between 2001 and 2007 ...
Reflections on the Singularity Journey

Why didn’t Vernor Vinge’s foundational essay “What is the Singularity?” convince most technologically literate people that a singularity is near? Perhaps the exponential, anti-intuitive nature of the Singularity makes a singularity too difficult to visualize, and our species tends not to believe things it can’t put in story form. Or possibly the superficial absurdity of a singularity prevents most people from giving the concept enough serious consideration. Also, the lack of a clear timeline for the unfolding of a singularity might cause many to think the idea is unfalsifiable. Some might think that since the Singularity almost certainly won’t take place for a long time, an optimal allocation of attention would ignore it in favor of more immediate concerns. Finally, rationality forces us to admit that the editors and most of the writers of this book could be in error in thinking that a singularity probably lies in humankind’s near future.
Information Technology and Acute Kidney Injury: Alerts, Alarms, Bells, and Whistles

The goal of this review is to describe the rationale for alerting systems for acute kidney injury, the challenges associated with alert implementation, and the efficacy (or lack thereof) of acute kidney injury alerts to date.