cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Receptor Ligand-Facilitated Cationic Liposome Delivery of Anti-HIV-1 Rev-Binding Aptamer and Ribozyme DNAs

AbstractWe examined whether HIV-1 gene expression could be inhibited by the anti-HIV Rev-binding aptamer [RBE(apt)], and whether the antiviral effect of the aptamer could be enhanced by a ribozyme directed against the HIV-1 env gene. Since cationic liposomes are relatively safe and non-immunogenic for in vivo gene delivery, we tested the effectiveness of the aptamer and ribozyme DNAs in HeLa cells, using Lipofectin reagent in a transient transfection assay. To increase the transfection efficiency, lipofectin was mixed with transferrin before subsequent addition of DNA. Co-transfection of HeLa cells with the RBE(apt) and the proviral HIV clone, HXBΔBgl, resulted in inhibition of virus production. Specific inhibition of viral p24 production following co-transfection of the RBE(apt) and HIV proviral DNAs was observed. These data provide strong support for the use of in vitro evolved ligands as potential anti-HIV agents. The addition of the anti-env ribozyme to the aptamer construct did not further enhance th...
College Women Eating Disorder Diagnostic Profile and DSM-5

AbstractA consistent diagnostic profile describing college women with eating disorders has been well established in the college health and mental health literature. This diagnostic framework traditionally has been associated with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision1 Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified category. In this article, the authors discuss implications of the recently revised Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition2 eating disorder diagnostic categories for the existing college women eating disorder profile.
Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonism enhances risk of ventricular tachycardia during acute ischemia

Objective. In this study we tested the hypothesis that α-2 adrenergic antagonism could facilitate induction of previously non-inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT) during acute ischemia. Previous reports suggest that VT during ischemia may be modulated by α-2 adrenergic agonists. Design. The left anterior descending artery was occluded after instrumentation of the ischemic risk zone with 21 multipolar plunge needles, each recording 6 bipolar electrograms. Three dimensional mapping characterized the mechanism of VT induced with extrastimuli. Results. Of 16 non-inducible dogs included, eight which were given the α-2 adrenergic antagonist yohimbine all had inducible VT, while all eight in the control group remained non-inducible (p <0.05). Six of the VTs were of focal Purkinje origin. The cycle length of the VT was 119±4 ms. Mean arterial pressure (81±8 to 82±8 mmHg, p =ns), ventricular effective refractory period (146±6 to 144±5 ms, p =ns) and ischemic zone size (55±6% vs. 61±4%, p =0.45) were not altered ...
The effect of a single administration of phencyclidine on behavior in the rat over a 21-day period☆

Abstract The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) (7.0, 11.7, 19.5, 32.6, and 54.4 mg/kg) on locomotor activity, stereotyped behavior (circling, backing up, and weaving frequency), and rotarod performance were evaluated. In addition, the frequency of other PCP-induced abnormal behaviors (head in corner, arched back, and cataleptic freeze) was determined. All doses of PCP produced a significant increase in locomotor activity and stereotyped behavior as well as an impairment of rotarod performance. Both the duration and the time to peak effects (with the exception of rotarod performance) of these PCP-induced behavioral changes appeared to be dose dependent. The delay in attaining peak effects for locomotor activity and stereotypy was attributed to PCP-induced gross motor ataxia, which became more severe and long lasting with increasing dose. Although the longest period of time that significant changes were seen in locomotor activity, stereotyped behavior, and rotarod performance was 12 hr, sporadic recurrences of stereotypy and a significant increase in cataleptic freeze were observed in the high-dose groups (19.5, 32,6, and 54.4 mg/kg) up to 21 days postadministration. These persistent behaviors (stereotypy and cataleptic freeze) are not unlike certain of the prolonged behaviors seen in man with PCP overdose (catatonic stupor along with repetitive orofacial and limb movements).
Ergodic Capacity Analysis of MISO/SIMO-OFDM With Arbitrary Antenna and Channel Tap Correlation

We analyze the ergodic capacity of multiple-input-single-output/single-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MISO/SIMO-OFDM) systems with arbitrary antenna and channel tap correlations. Existing works in literature consider the Kronecker model of antenna and channel tap correlations for capacity analysis. However, the applicability of such a model does not hold for all practical scenarios. Here, we assume a generalized correlation model, and the Kronecker model is a special case of our model. We analyze additional conditions beyond that needed by the Kronecker model to maximize capacity and conditions that reduce capacity and derive a closed-form capacity expression. Our results are validated using Monte Carlo simulations.
Synthesis of 1,3-bis(4,5-dihydrothiazole) benzene

A new compound, 1,3-bis(4,5-dihydrothiazole) benzene was synthesized by refluxing benzene-1,3-diamidoethanethiol (BDETH2) in toluene in the presence of trimethylaluminum. The compound was characterized by IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy, Elemental Analysis, and X-ray crystallography.
The pharmacokinetics and colonic tissue concentrations of cyclosporine after IV, oral, and enema administration

This study compares pharmacokinetic parameters and colonic tissue concentrations of cyclosporine administered by olive-oil or water-retention enemas with conventional intravenous (i.v.) and oral dosing. Five medical students were enrolled in a prospective crossover study. All subjects received a single dose of cyclosporine on four separate occasions, once orally, once as an olive-oil enema, once as a water enema, and once i.v. Cyclosporine concentration was measured in blood and in colonic tissue obtained by flexible sigmoidoscopy. Bioavailability was 18 +/- 7% (mean +/- SD) for the oral dose and was unmeasurable for the oil and water enemas. The concentration of cyclosporine in colon tissue was 32,443 +/- 17,251 ng/g (mean +/- SD) for the i.v. dose, 2797 +/- 1812 ng/g for the oral dose, 21,727 +/- 14,090 ng/g for the oil enema, and 25,318 +/- 30,408 ng/g for the water enema. The authors conclude that the bioavailability of cyclosporine, and thus the systemic absorption after administration by a retention enema, is negligible. The colonic tissue concentration of cyclosporine after i.v. or rectal administration via an enema is tenfold higher than that for oral dosing. These findings suggest that cyclosporine-retention enemas produce high distal colonic tissue concentrations with negligible systemic absorption after a single dose in healthy subjects and should be evaluated as treatment for patients with left-sided colitis. Because cyclosporine administered by the i.v. route provided sharply higher colonic tissue concentrations than those seen with oral therapy, pulse i.v. cyclosporine should be tried for patients with severe ileitis and colitis.
Ureteral replacement with a new polyurethane prosthesis

Abstract A ureteral prosthesis has been fabricated from a copolyurethane material which appears to be nonreactive in the urinary system. Design features were incorporated into the ureter to prevent migration and vesicoureteral reflux. The prosthesis was implanted in 16 dogs and evaluated periodically by intravenous pyelography and urine culture. Serial sacrifices were performed to obtain histology data. During the first year postimplant, four dogs (25%) had culture and histological evidence of chronic pyelonephritis at the time of death or sacrifice. The bladder of one other dog was instrumented and that animal died 6 weeks later of acute pyelonephritis. In the 11 remaining dogs (69%) the prosthesis functioned well during the time they were studied. Five of these dogs were alive with functioning ureters 1 year post-implantation. If infection can be avoided this copolyurethane ureteral prosthesis should function well for extended periods of time.
Serum tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer. A comparative analysis.

Background. The role of serum tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains undefined. New proposed markers have seldom been rigorously compared with existing standards. The authors prospectively compared the performance of three new monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) (5E8, 5C7, and 1F10) with the established serum markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC). Methods. The cohort consisted of 45 consecutive outpatients with newly diagnosed NSCLC. Control subjects were 38 outpatients with non-neoplastic chronic pulmonary diseases. Blood from each patient and control subject was assayed for all five tumor markers. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine 5E8, 5C7, and 1F10 reactivity. Commercially available kits were used to measure SCC by radioimmunoassay and CEA by ELISA. Individual and combinations of tumor markers were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for NSCLC diagnosis. Results. 5E8 plus 5C7 plus 1F10 significantly surpassed SCC plus CEA in terms of sensitivity (P < 0.05) and proved the most accurate marker combination. Among single markers, 5E8 was most specific, 5C7 most sensitive, and 5C7 and 1F10 each most accurate, but differences from CEA alone were not significant. Subgroup analysis by histologic type and stage demonstrated similar findings, and marker combinations yielded little additional diagnostic benefit. Conclusions. 5E8, 5C7, and 1F10 performed marginally better than did CEA and SCC in patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC. Many limitations apply in defining a clinical niche for these tumor markers in NSCLC, although 5E8, 5C7, and 1F10 previously have demonstrated a modest prognostic value. An adjunctive role in a few specific clinical contexts remains possible.
Effects Of Indomethacin And Ibuprofen On Regional Perfusion In The Newborn Piglet † 1145

We investigated the effects of clinically comparable doses of ibuprofen and indomethacin on renal, gastrointestinal and cerebral perfusion in newborn piglets, and hypothesized that ibuprofen would have less effect on regional circulations. Methods: Fentanyl anesthetized 1 to 3 day old piglets were instrumented with a pulmonary artery catheter, a femoral arterial catheter and a carotid arterial catheter advanced into the left ventricle for administration of microspheres. Animals were randomly assigned to receive ibuprofen (20 mg/kg, n = 8), indomethacin (0.3 mg/kg, n = 7) or vehicle (n = 6). Fluorescent microspheres were injected prior to and at 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after drug administration. Regional blood flow and vascular resistance were calculated; relative resistance at the indicated times was calculated from resistance values prior to drug injection. Results: Heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were not affected by the drugs. Blood gases were also unaffected by either drug or vehicle. Baseline blood flows were: kidney cortex= 464 (SD 29); duodenum/jejunum = 155 (SD 32); ileum = 108 (SD 22); colon = 109 (SD 14.7); cerebral cortex = 91 (SD 17); brainstem = 71 (SD 12) [all mL/min/100g tissue].
Redefining “Offshore” in Latin America

Offshoring and outsourcing are two terms—often used interchangeably—that comprise an essential element of the modern post-industrial global economy. Analysis of this phenomenon in the United States is often framed in the light of job loss and economic decline relating to the manufacturing or low-end services sectors, but this paper will revisit the traditional offshore industry—that of offshore finance and offshore financial centers (OFCs) and compare OFC offshoring with traditional offshoring in Latin America. This paper argues that some similarities are evident when comparing OFC offshoring with traditional offshoring but many differences exist. Using the framework or “lens” of politics certain OFC offshoring issues and tensions with the onshore world relating to unfair tax competition, money laundering, sovereignty, secrecy, regulation, trust, and reputation are analyzed and are shown to be more onerous, tense and different from those occurring in the mainstream offshoring/outsourcing world. In addition, using the “lens” of cyberspace and e-commerce, and a case study of the Cayman Islands and the Bahamas, this paper argues that the creation of an electronic infrastructure in the OFC offshoring world is as necessary as in the onshore world, but the actors and institutions creating and promoting such infrastructures are different. Future work could pursue more reputable and comparative data gathering to further more rigorous statistical modeling of the relationships both between OFCs as they compete for offshore capital, and between offshore and onshore as the onshore world seeks to further lift the veil of offshore financial opacity, particularly related to issues of money laundering.
Mid‐wave infrared diode lasers based on GaInSb/InAs and InAs/AlSb superlattices

We report the characterization of a set of broad‐area semiconductor diode lasers with mid‐wave infrared (3–5 μm) emission wavelengths. The active region of each laser structure is a 5‐ or 6‐period multiple quantum well (MQW) with Ga0.75In0.25As0.22Sb0.78 barriers and type‐II (broken‐gap) Ga0.75In0.25Sb/InAs superlattice wells. The cladding layers of each laser structure are n‐ and p‐type InAs/AlSb (24 A /24 A) superlattices grown lattice‐matched to a GaSb substrate. By tailoring constituent layer thicknesses in the Ga0.75In0.25Sb/InAs superlattice wells, laser emission wavelengths ranging from 3.28 μm (maximum operating temperature=170 K) to 3.90 μm (maximum operating temperature=84 K) are obtained.
Cardiac Dysrhythmias During the Treatment of Acute Asthma: A Comparison of Two Treatment Regimens by a Double Blind Protocol

The frequency and type of dysrhythmias observed in asthmatic patients treated with epinephrine alone, and those given epinephrine and intravenous aminophylline, were compared. Forty-one patients with 44 episodes of acute asthma were evaluated. Nine subjects had cardiac dysrhythmias related to treatment, principally those receiving epinephrine and aminophylline. Supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias occurred with approximately equal frequency. Three patients had complex ventricular ectopy. The mean age of dysrhythmic patients receiving combination treatment (39.8 years), was significantly greater than filose treated similarly, but without dysrhythmias (23.5 years). The difference in theophylline levels between dysrhythmic and nondysrhythmic patients was not significant, and there was no relationship between dysrhythmogenicity and initial severity of asthmatic attacks, or improvement in peak expiratory flow over a 90-minute treatment period.
“There Must Be Some Misunderstanding”: Sir Edward Grey's Diplomacy of August 1, 1914

For over two generations, scholars have studied Sir Edward Grey's response to the Sarajevo crisis, apparently considering every aspect of his dual effort to find a diplomatic solution while convincing the cabinet that England must intervene in a general war. Historians have generally agreed that Grey's last hope to prevent war evaporated by the end of July, although the cabinet did not decide to intervene until August 2. In this light, the events of August 1, 1914, are only considered to be either a prelude or a postscript to more significant events. The purpose of this essay is to suggest that Grey pursued two distinct, yet interrelated, courses of action on August 1, 1914: (1) for as long as he was unsure of cabinet support for intervention, he sought to make a diplomatic deal with the German ambassador so that a neutral England could salvage something from the crisis, but (2) once confident England would enter the conflict, he sought to prevent the war altogether by applying diplomatic pressure on France.Historians have overlooked Grey's diplomacy on August 1 primarily because of the cloud cast over the events of the day by the so-called misunderstanding between Grey and the German ambassador, Prince Karl Max Lichnowsky. The first Grey-Lichnowsky exchange took place that morning when Sir William Tyrrell, Grey's private secretary, brought a message to the German embassy. After subsequently receiving a personal call from Grey, Lichnowsky, at 11:14 a.m., sent a wire to Berlin in which he indicated Grey had proposed that, if Germany “were not to attack France, England would remain neutral and would guarantee France's passivity.”
The appropriateness of fear appeal use for health care marketing to the elderly: is it OK to scare granny?

In this paper we explore the intersection of three topics which have historically been singled out for ethical consideration in advertising and marketing: the use of fear appeals, marketing to the elderly, and the marketing of health care services and products. Issues relevant to using fear appeals in promoting health care issues to the elderly are explored with a consumer psychologist's theoretical view of fear appeals. Next the assumption of the elderly market's vulnerability and indicants of social or psychological function which would differentiate the elderly recipients of marketing communications are examined both in terms of function and ethical concerns. Overall, our review of the theoretical underpinnings of fear-based communication and the psychological characteristics does not indicate that the elderly of today are particularlyvulnerable. While the elderly are probably somewhat more dogmatic than younger consumers and perhaps view outcomes from the perspective of their age, there are no indications that their psychological responses to fear-based appeals differ significantly from those of younger consumers.
Mimicking Democracy to Prolong Autocracies

Democracy has suffered eight straight years of global decline. This was the finding Freedom House issued in its 2014 report examining the state of global political rights and civil liberties.1 This...
The influence of shade and clouds on soil water potential: The buffered behavior of hydraulic lift

In the sagebrush/bunchgrass steppe of the North American Great Basin soil water potential has been shown to exhibit diel fluctuations with water potential increasing during the night as a result of water loss from roots in relatively dry soil layers. We hypothesized that environmental conditions promoting low transpiration rates (shading, cloudiness) would cause a net increase in soil water potential as a result of reduced soil water depletion during the day and continuing water efflux from roots during the night. We examined the response of soil water potential to artificial shading in sagebrush/bunchgrass plantings and used a simple model to predict how soil water potential should respond to reduced transpiration. Field measurements of soil water potential indicated that shading reduced daytime soil water depletion, but that the magnitude of the soil water potential increase during the night was related to the magnitude of the soil water potential decline during the preceding day. As a result, shading had little net effect on soil water potential. This behavior was consistent with model results and appears to result from the fact that soil water depletion during the day is largely responsible for creating the water potential gradients that drive nocturnal recharge of the shallow soil layers. The overall effect of such behavior is to buffer the seasonal course of soil water depletion in the rooting zone against day-to-day fluctuations in evapotranspiration. Despite the buffered behavior of soil water potential change, reduced evapotranspiration during light summer rains, and resulting soil water redistribution in the rooting zone, may enhance plant water status to a greater extent that would be expected on the basis of the rainfall received.
Single-Component and Mixture Solubilities of Hexachlorobenzene and Pentachlorophenol in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Mixture solubilities are of particular importance when considering supercritical processes for separation of multicomponent mixtures and extraction of mixtures from solid matrixes, such as cleaning of spent adsorbents or remediation of contaminated soils. An investigation of the solubility limits of two priority pollutants, hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorophenol, was performed using a novel solubility apparatus. Mixture solubilities were found to decrease substantially in the case of hexachlorobenzene. A thermodynamic model employing the Wong-Sandler mixing rules was used for prediction of the solubility data. This model was shown to work better than the traditional van der Waals quadratic mixing rule for the binary systems and correlated well with measured pentachlorophenol partial molar volumes.
A dyadic approach to leadership: Creating and nurturing this approach under fire

Abstract This theory development article describes how a single key question about leadership that I developed in graduate school led to a 25-year-long research program. A description of a variety of criticisms of my work shows how controversy contributed to the creation of the four developmental stages of a dyadic approach to leadership. The article concludes with a description of how a new dyadic approach, called individualized leadership, provided an answer to my initial key question.
Iterated local search for microaggregation

Our paper presents a microaggregation method to prevent disclosure of sensitive data.We define a local search method that monotonically improves solution quality while preserving feasibility.We employ local search in an iterated local search heuristic.Our method consistently identifies better quality solutions than all extant methods on benchmark problems. Microaggregation is a disclosure control method used to protect microdata. We introduce a local search method and employ it in an iterated local search algorithm for the NP-hard minimum information loss microaggregation problem. Experimental results with benchmark data sets demonstrate that our algorithm consistently identifies better quality solutions than extant microaggregation methods.
Acetate Binding of Spinach Chloroplasts as a Facet of Fatty Acid Synthesis

A particulate fraction of spinach chloroplasts is the major site of binding when either acetate or acetyl-CoA is used as substrate. The acetate is linked covalently, and the binding is inhibited by reagents which react with sulfhydryl groups. The amount of acetate bound is lowered by both citrate and oxaloacetate; however, the binding is not reversed by oxaloacetate. Reversal of binding is also not brought about by the addition of unlabeled acetyl-CoA. If cofactors for fatty acid synthesis and cold acetyl-CoA are added, the binding of labeled acetate is reversed. Acyl carrier protein from E. coli increases the binding of labeled acetate.
A radiation hybrid map of bovine chromosome 24 and comparative mapping with human chromosome 18

Summary We present herein a bovine chromosome 24 (BTA24) radiation hybrid (RH) map using40 markers scored on a panel of 90 RHs. Of these markers, 29 loci were ordered with oddsof at least 1000:1 in a framework map. An average retention frequency of 17.4% wasobserved, with relatively higher frequencies near the centromere. The length of the com-prehensive map was 640 centiray 5000 (cR 5000 ) with an average marker interval ofapproximately 17.3 cR 5000 . The observed locus order is generally consistent with currentlypublished bovine linkage and physical maps. Nineteen markers were either Type I loci orclosely associated with expressed sequences and thus could be used to compare the BTA24RH map with human mapping information. All genes located on BTA24 were located onhuman chromosome 18, and previously reported regions of conserved synteny wereextended. The comparative data revealed the presence of at least six conserved regionsbetween these chromosomes.Keywords bovine chromosome 24, radiation hybrid map.
A Second Protein l-Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase Gene in Arabidopsis Produces Two Transcripts Whose Products Are Sequestered in the Nucleus

The spontaneous and deleterious conversion of l-asparaginyl and l-aspartyl protein residues to l-iso-Asp or d-Asp occurs as proteins age and is accelerated under stressful conditions. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis L. Heynh.) contains two genes (At3g48330 and At5g50240) encoding protein-l-isoaspartate methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.77; PIMT), an enzyme capable of correcting this damage. The gene located on chromosome 5 (PIMT2) produces two proteins differing by three amino acids through alternative 3′ splice site selection in the first intron. Recombinant protein from both splicing variants has PIMT activity. Subcellular localization using cell fractionation followed by immunoblot detection, as well as confocal visualization of PIMT:GFP fusions, demonstrated that PIMT1 is cytosolic while a canonical nuclear localization signal, present in PIMT2ψ and the shorter PIMT2ω, is functional. Multiplex reverse transcription-PCR was used to establish PIMT1 and PIMT2 transcript presence and abundance, relative to β-TUBULIN, in various tissues and under a variety of stresses imposed on seeds and seedlings. PIMT1 transcript is constitutively present but can increase, along with PIMT2, in developing seeds presumably in response to increasing endogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Transcript from PIMT2 also increases in establishing seedlings due to exogenous ABA and applied stress presumably through an ABA-dependent pathway. Furthermore, cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences from PIMT2 amplicons determined that ABA preferentially enhances the production of PIMT2ω transcript in leaves and possibly in tissues other than germinating seeds.
Use of Body Mass Index and Body Mass Index Growth Charts for Assessment of Childhood Weight Status in the United States: A Systematic Review

Childhood obesity has greatly increased in the United States over the previous decades and has become a public health priority. Children at high risk for becoming and who are overweight/obese should be identified early, so that appropriate intervention strategies can be implemented. As monitoring growth is an essential component of well-child care and may help prevent excess weight gain during childhood, it is recommended in pediatric guidelines that practitioners regularly assess weight status in children. In 1998, and again in 2007, the Expert Committee on Obesity Evaluation and Treatment (Expert Committee) released recommendations for physicians, nurse practitioners, and nutritionists in the United States to use the growth charts that were to be released in 2000 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to assess weight status in children. These charts included a newly developed body mass index (BMI)-for-age growth chart. The use of BMI (weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters [kg/m]) as a measure of adiposity has been supported by the International Task Force on Obesity and the Expert Committee since 1994. Unlike adults, the absolute BMI value is not directly applicable to children for identifying weight status because of the adiposity rebound. The release of the BMI-for-age growth charts finally allowed practitioners in the United States to assess weight status in children using the BMI standard. Thus, in the United States a recommendation has been in place for more than a decade for practitioners to assess weight status in children using the BMI-for-age charts, and these charts have been available to practitioners for most of that same time period. Therefore, the primary objective of this systematic review was to summarize research conducted since 2000 regarding pediatric health care providers’ calculation of BMI and use of the BMIfor-age growth charts to assess weight status in children.
One step separation of human fetal lymphocytes from nucleated red blood cells.

Abstract We describe a one step discontinuous density gradient centrifugation procedure to obtain a 20-fold enrichment of human fetal lymphoid cells, reducing contamination from nucleated red blood cells to less than 1%.
Bombesin Increases Fetal Lung Growth and Maturation In Utero and in Organ Culture

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) in fetuses synthesize gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP, or mammalian bombesin) at high levels, but the role of this hormone in lung development has been obscure. The present study demonstrates that bombesin administered for 2 to 4 d toward the end of gestation in utero led to increased DNA (days 17 and 18) and saturated phosphatidylcholine (SPC) synthesis (day 18) in a dose-dependent fashion in fetal lung. These kinetics coincide with the timing of endogenous GRP gene activation in untreated fetal mouse lung, where GRP mRNA is detectable on day 16 and peaks at day 18. Electron microscopy on in vivo bombesin-treated fetal lung showed an increase in the number of cells containing lamellar bodies on both days 17 and 18, consistent with increased growth and/or maturation of type II cells. In mouse fetal lung organ cultures, the addition of bombesin led to accelerated uptake of [3H]thymidine into DNA, [3H]leucine into protein, and [3H]choline into SPC, indicating that incre...
PS1-21: Development and Dissemination of Quality Review Tools for Data Management and Analysis

Background/AimsWithin embedded HMO research groups, analytic teams are heavily involved with many key stages of research studies. Individual analytic team members use a variety of processes for ensuring work quality. Identification and standardization of analytic quality review best practices may lead to greater efficiencies and fewer errors. The objective of this quality improvement project was to develop and implement tools to enhance the quality and consistency of analytic work within a HMO-based research group.MethodsWe used a multi-modal approach to develop and assess analytic quality review tools. We first conducted four in-depth interviews with principal investigators to collect experiences and suggestions for improving analytic processes. Using an online survey, we collected best practices from analytic team members. We also interviewed analytic leads with 6 HMO and academic partner research groups on their best practices. We integrated all information and developed analytic quality review best practice documentation and tools. We tested and revised the tools, estimated time requirements, and provided basic training to our analytic team. Nine months later, we conducted an anonymous online survey to gauge uptake of these tools and to collect initial feedback from early adopters.ResultsFour analytic quality review tools were developed to help formalize best practices for cohort-building/data pulls, data preparation (code review), analytic dataset preparation and documentation, and manuscript methods and results review. In initial assessments, implementing the code review was the most resource-intensive, taking upwards of 14 hours. Nine months after introducing these tools, the most commonly reported challenges to using the tools included lack of time/funding, using other processes to ensure work quality, and lack of knowledge on when or how to use the tools. Early adopters gave qualitative feedback that the tools helped structure analytic processes and encouraged documentation of analytic decisions.ConclusionsIdentification and standardization of best practices may have the potential to improve analytic work processes for HMO research groups. Future efforts should focus on quality review tool revisions, policies for tool use, data collection on errors found using review tools, and strategies to overcome identified barriers to using the tools.
Using effective subnetworks to predict selected properties of gene networks.

Background: Difficulties associated with implementing gene therapy are caused by the complexity of the underlying regulatory networks. The forms of interactions between the hundreds of genes, proteins, and metabolites in these networks are not known very accurately. An alternative approach is to limit consideration to genes on the network. Steady state measurements of these influence networks can be obtained from DNA microarray experiments. However, since they contain a large number of nodes, the computation of influence networks requires a prohibitively large set of microarray experiments. Furthermore, error estimates of the network make verifiable predictions impossible. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we propose an alternative approach. Rather than attempting to derive an accurate model of the network, we ask what questions can be addressed using lower dimensional, highly simplified models. More importantly, is it possible to use such robust features in applications? We first identify a small group of genes that can be used to affect changes in other nodes of the network. The reduced effective empirical subnetwork (EES) can be computed using steady state measurements on a small number of genetically perturbed systems. We show that the EES can be used to make predictions on expression profiles of other mutants, and to compute how to implement pre-specified changes in the steady state of the underlying biological process. These assertions are verified in a synthetic influence network. We also use previously published experimental data to compute the EES associated with an oxygen deprivation network of E.coli, and use it to predict gene expression levels on a double mutant. The predictions are significantly different from the experimental results for less than 30% of genes. Conclusions/Significance: The constraints imposed by gene expression levels of mutants can be used to address a selected set of questions about a gene network.
LACIO: A New Collective I/O Strategy for Parallel I/O Systems

Parallel applications benefit considerably from the rapid advance of processor architectures and the available massive computational capability, but their performance suffers from large latency of I/O accesses. The poor I/O performance has been attributed as a critical cause of the low sustained performance of parallel systems. Collective I/O is widely considered a critical solution that exploits the correlation among I/O accesses from multiple processes of a parallel application and optimizes the I/O performance. However, the conventional collective I/O strategy makes the optimization decision based on the logical file layout to avoid multiple file system calls and does not take the physical data layout into consideration. On the other hand, the physical data layout in fact decides the actual I/O access locality and concurrency. In this study, we propose a new collective I/O strategy that is aware of the underlying physical data layout. We confirm that the new Layout-Aware Collective I/O (LACIO) improves the performance of current parallel I/O systems effectively with the help of noncontiguous file system calls. It holds promise in improving the I/O performance for parallel systems.
A 66dB SNDR 15MHz BW SAR assisted ΔΣ ADC in 22nm tri-gate CMOS

A discrete-time ΔΣ ADC that utilizes an 8b SAR quantizer with a 4b feedback DAC is presented. The 4 MSBs of the quantizer are fed-back for Δ operation while a digital filter post-processes the full 8b and improves the resolution. The ΔΣ modulator has a single stage 2nd order feed-forward topology with Fs=240MHz and OSR=8. The ADC achieves 66dB SNDR, 15MHz bandwidth, and consumes 12.7mW power This ADC is designed in Intel's tri-gate 22nm CMOS process.
Thin Film Characterization Using the Point-Deflection Method

The Point-Deflection Method is a potentially useful technique for measuring the internal stresses of freestanding thin films. By applying a small concentrated transverse load at the center of a pre-stretched film, and measuring the corresponding out-of-plane displacement at appropriate locations, the average internal stress can be readily determined. The load-deflection relationship has been derived for both circular and rectangular shapes. The method involves no additional micromachining in sample preparation and has low sensitivity to the variations in boundary constraints. Its feasibility has been further substantiated with finite element simulations from a variety of perspectives, as well as experimental correlations from the stress measurements of a photomask pellicle film.
Software piracy and copyright protection

The computer software industry represents a remarkable economic success story and an incredible engine for improving productivity and creating jobs. According to a recent study by Economists Incorporated, from 1982 to 1990, the value added to the US Gross Domestic Product as a result of software publisher's contributions increased at an annual rate of 16.4 percent. For the ten year period from 1982 to 1992, the software industry grew by 269 percent in real terms, while the remainder of the economy grew by about 30 percent. The three components of the "core" software industry-custom computer programming services, prepackaged software, and computer integrated design-now account for nearly $40 billion in value added to the US Economy. Software is now larger than most manufacturing industries in the United States. Employment in the US software industry has been growing at a rapid pace. The software now employs over 420000 people. Since 1987, software employment has risen at an annual rate of 6.6 percent. Although the United States has a significant piracy problem, this extraordinary economic success is due in large part to the relatively low US piracy rate (approximately 35%), and consequent opportunities for software developers to invest and reinvest in a rapidly growing industry. >
Administrative Law and Procedure

The compiling of a bibliography of Administrative Law and Procedure presents numerous problems. The topic is one difficult to delineate and the selection of the most useful order and manner of citation presents a perplexing problem. An explanatory note is therefore necessary. The attempt has been to include in this bibliography a reference to every significant piece of legal writing on or relevant to the subject of California Administrative Law and Procedure. Though most of the materials included are to be found in California legal periodicals, other materials have been included where particularly relevant. Though research was not limited to any particular group of publications, special attention was given in compiling the bibliography to the following legal periodicals: the California Law Review, the California State Bar Journal, the Hastings Law Journal and Intramural Law Review, the Southern California Law Review, the Stanford Law Review, and the U.C.L.A. Law Review and Intramural Law Review.
A Two-Step Process for Epigenetic Inheritance in Arabidopsis

Summary In Arabidopsis , multisubunit RNA polymerases IV and V orchestrate RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and transcriptional silencing, but what identifies the loci to be silenced is unclear. We show that heritable silent locus identity at a specific subset of RdDM targets requires HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6 (HDA6) acting upstream of Pol IV recruitment and siRNA biogenesis. At these loci, epigenetic memory conferring silent locus identity is erased in hda6 mutants such that restoration of HDA6 activity cannot restore siRNA biogenesis or silencing. Silent locus identity is similarly lost in mutants for the cytosine maintenance methyltransferase, MET1. By contrast, pol IV or pol V mutants disrupt silencing without erasing silent locus identity, allowing restoration of Pol IV or Pol V function to restore silencing. Collectively, these observations indicate that silent locus specification and silencing are separable steps that together account for epigenetic inheritance of the silenced state.
Lip abscess associated with isotretinoin treatment of acne vulgaris.

Importance Isotretinoin is frequently prescribed for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Among the numerous documented adverse effects, most common are xerostomia and cheilitis. Lip abscesses as a consequence of cheilitis present dramatically and may pose a diagnostic challenge. Observations We present a case of a 15-year-old boy with a severe lip abscess requiring incision and drainage and hospital admission for intravenous antibiotic treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . We discuss the pathophysiologic characteristics of isotretinoin therapy and the likely causative role that the medication played in the development of the lip abscess. Conclusions and Relevance Although rare, lip abscesses related to isotretinoin therapy present with substantial morbidity and should be promptly recognized. Misdiagnosis of mucositis and angioedema may delay appropriate therapy.
Outcomes research in your office.

Abstract This article reviews the definition of outcomes research. It explores the reasons that outcomes research should be conducted by practicing physicians in both university and private practice settings. Methods for outcomes research with examples relevant to dermatologists are detailed. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:987-9.)
High-Performance XML Parsing and Validation with Permutation Phrase Grammar Parsers

The extensibility, flexibility, expressiveness, and platform-neutrality of XML delivers key advantages for interoperability. The interoperability of XML Web services often comes at the price of reduced efficiency of message composition, transfer, and parsing compared to simple binary protocols. This paper presents a high-performance XML parsing and validation technique that is time and space optimal. A schema-specific parsing method is developed that uses a two-stack push-down automaton (PDA) for single-pass parsing and validation without backtracking. The schema validity constraints are packed in a compact parsing table derived from a permutation phrase grammar. This approach reduces both the space and time requirements of XML parsing and validation. By contrast, other XML schema-specific parsing methods trade efficiency for space (larger code and/or data size) or trade space for efficiency (backtracking). Performance results show that the method is significantly faster than traditional validating and non-validating XML parsers.
Vitamin K absorption and kinetics in human subjects after consumption of 13C-labelled phylloquinone from kale.

The absorption and plasma disappearance of vitamin K were investigated by uniformly labelling phylloquinone in kale with carbon-13, and by feeding the kale to study subjects. Seven healthy volunteers ingested a single 400 g serving of kale with 30 g vegetable oil. The kale provided 156 nmol of phylloquinone. Serial plasma samples were collected and analysed for the appearance of 13C-phylloquinone by HPLC–MS. Six of the subjects showed significant amounts of labelled phylloquinone in plasma, though one subject's plasma was not consistently enriched above the detection limit, and this subject's baseline plasma phylloquinone level was the lowest in the group. After ingestion of the labelled kale, plasma 13C-phylloquinone concentration increased rapidly to a peak between 6 and 10 h, and then rapidly decreased. Average peak plasma concentration for the six subjects with detectable 13C-phylloquinone was 2·1 nmol/l. Plasma concentration–time data were analysed by compartmental modelling. Modelling results demonstrated a mean (n 6) bioavailability of phylloquinone from kale to be 4·7 %. Plasma and tissue half-times for phylloquinone were found to be 8·8 and 215 h, respectively.
Coextruded polyethylene and wood‐flour composite: Effect of shell thickness, wood loading, and core quality

Coextruded recycled polyethylene and wood-flour composites with core–shell structure were manufactured using a pilot-scale coextrusion line. The influence of wood loadings and thickness of the shell layer and core quality on mechanical and water absorption properties of the composites were investigated. Core–shell structured profile can significantly improve flexural and impact strengths of composites especially when a relatively weak core was used. However, the coextruded profile with unreinforced shell may have a reduced modulus when a strong core was used. The shell layer also protected coextruded composites from long-term moisture uptaking, leading to improved dimensional stability compared with the corresponding un-coextruded controls. When the shell thickness was fixed, less wood loading in the shell layer did not cause obvious flexural modulus and dimension change but improved impact strength and water resistance of the coextruded composites. When wood loading in the shell layer was fixed, increased shell thickness improved impact strength but affected modulus negatively. Thickened shell layer helped reduce water uptaking but did not change dimensional stability of coextruded composites remarkably. Overall enhancement of composite strength was more pronounced for the weaker core system. Thus, the coextrusion technology can be used to achieve acceptable composite properties even with a relatively weak core system—offering an approach to use recycled, low quality plastic-fiber blends in the core layer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
The Development and Initial Validation of the Work Volition Scale–Student Version

The present study sought to develop and validate an instrument to measure work volition, defined as the perceived capacity to make occupational choices despite constraints, among college students. In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted with a large and diverse sample of college students, finding a reliable scale with two factors, volition and constraints. In Study 2, with a new sample of college students, a confirmatory factor analysis was completed finding a final 16-item scale with strong model fit and internal consistency. In addition, the Work Volition Scale–Student Version (WVS-SV) was found to correlate in expected directions with career decision self-efficacy, core self-evaluations, career locus of control, career barriers, and the Big 5 personality traits. Finally, in Study 3, the WVS-SV was found to have strong test–retest reliability. Implications for practice and further research are discussed.
Atrial "J" pacing lead retention wire fracture: radiographic assessment, incidence of fracture, and clinical management.

UNLABELLED In November 1994, Telectronics Pacing Systems issued a voluntary recall of their Accufix 330-801 and 329-701 "J"-shaped atrial pacemaker leads. To assess the integrity of the lead, 156 consecutive patients with the Accufix 330-801 atrial lead implanted underwent fluoroscopic screening. Leads were visualized in at least two orthogonal views. When identified, fractured retention wires were classified into one of four groups, depending on the degree of wire extrusion outside of the lead insulation. RESULTS Of the 156 patients, 35 patients (22.4%) had a definite retention wire fracture, and an additional 13 patients (8.3%) had indeterminate leads. Neither the age of the patients, the time since lead implant, nor the site of fracture correlated with the incidence of wire fracture. When analyzed to include indeterminate leads that were re-evaluated and found to be fractured, as well as two leads that were identified as being radiographically normal but found to be fractured after extraction, the incidence of retention wire fracture is 25.6% (40 of 156 leads evaluated). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of retention wire fracture in the Accufix 330-801 lead is significantly higher than originally reported. Patients should be notified of the potential dangers associated with this lead. Cardiac digital fluoroscopy is an effective method of screening for wire fracture. Leads with fractured retention wires should be extracted and those with normal fluoroscopic appearance should undergo regular fluoroscopic screening.