cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-reliance as a modifier of the effects of life stress and social support ☆

A variable was introduced which classified 151 women with breast cancer into those with perceived self- or other-reliance regarding their recovery from breast surgery. While this factor played no direct role in psychological adjustment, it did serve as a modifier of the relationships between stress, social support, and adjustment. Life stress assumed more and support assumed less importance for those who were self-reliant. It is suggested that self-reliance is related to locus of control. The implications of this suggestion are applied to these findings.
Radiation Effects on Spacecraft Materials for Jupiter and Near-Earth Orbiters

An overview of radiation effects on spacecraft materials is given in this paper. Specifically, the environment of the Jupiter Orbiting Spacecraft,Galileo, is treated along with analysis methods and simulated testing. Summaries of previous and present material test results are given. Preliminary results of surface erosion on insulation from a space shuttle experiment are summarized.
FURTHER STUDIES ON PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION ACCOMPANYING THE HILL REACTION WITH FERRICYANIDE.

Abstract The striking pH dependence of the Hill reaction with ferricyanide was confirmed for reactions carried out in a low anion buffer. The pH dependence of inhibition of the Hill reaction by ADP, of stimulation by associated phosphorylation and of the stoichiometry between ferricyanide photoreduction and phosphate consumption was also examined. It was found that at every pH, the “extra” ferricyanide reduced when phosphate was added to the ADP-inhibited system, was equal, on a molar basis, to the amount of phosphate consumed. The pH dependence of ferricyanide photoreduction stimulated by trichlorophenol indophenol dye and NH4Cl was examined. Taking into consideration the variation in the concentration of NH3 in the presence of NH4Cl at various pH values, it is concluded that the Hill reaction as stimulated by both dye and NH4Cl is relatively independent of pH. However, the degree of stimulation induced by either agent was strongly dependent upon pH, and was greatest at low pH, where the unstimulated reaction (and phosphorylation) is most sluggish. Concentrations of dye which have little effect upon the ferricyanide Hill reaction were found to relieve or prevent the marked inhibition of ferricyanide photoreduction induced by ADP, and to stimulate ferricyanide photoreduction in the presence of ADP and suboptimal concentrations of phosphate. In such concentrations of dye its uncoupling effects are thus seen to resemble those of arsenate. These results are discussed in terms of the possible participation of an activated intermediate which is unstable at alkaline pH. Recent studies on the formation of activated intermediates during photophosphorylation are discussed and the results of such studies are shown to be consistent with a novel scheme for the Hill reaction.
Ethanol-based cleanser versus isopropyl alcohol to decontaminate stethoscopes

Approximately 1 in 20 hospital admissions is complicated by a health care-associated infection. Stethoscopes may play a role in spreading nosocomial infections. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an ethanol-based cleanser (EBC) compared with isopropyl alcohol pads in reducing bacterial contamination of stethoscope diaphragms. Stethoscopes were cultured from medical professionals on 4 medical floors before and after cleaning with either EBC or isopropyl alcohol pads. The numbers of colony-forming units (cfu) grown were compared between the 2 cleaners and to baseline values. A total of 99 stethoscopes were cultured (49 EBC; 50 isopropyl alcohol), and all were positive for growth. After cleaning, 28.28% of the stethoscopes were growth-free (12 EBC; 16 isopropyl alcohol). Cleaning with EBC and isopropyl alcohol pads significantly reduced the cfu counts (by 92.8% and 92.5%, respectively), but neither was found to be statistically superior (F = 1.22; P = .2721). Cleaning a stethoscope diaphragm using either EBC or isopropyl alcohol led to a significant reduction in bacterial growth in culture. As an extension of the hand, a stethoscope should be cleaned with the same frequency as the hands. The simultaneous cleaning of hands and stethoscope may further increase compliance with current standards.
Extracting Consumer Preference From User-Generated Content Sources Using Classification

The use of online, user-generated content for consumer preference modeling has been a recent topic of interest among the engineering and marketing communities. With the rapid growth of many different types of user-generate content sources, the tasks of reliable opinion extraction and data interpretation are critical challenges. This research investigates one of the largest and most-active content sources, Twitter, and its viability as a content source for preference modeling. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used for sentiment classification of the messages, and a Twitter query strategy is developed to categorize messages according to product attributes and attribute levels. Over 7,000 messages are collected for a smartphone design case study. The preference modeling results are compared with those from a typical product review study, including over 2,500 product reviews. Overall, the results demonstrate that consumers do express their product opinions through Twitter; thus, this content source could potentially facilitate product design and decision-making via preference modeling.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The Loose Glenoid: A Problem of Consequence

Glenoid loosening is an infrequent complication of total shoulder arthroplasty. Preoperative planning and intraoperative decision making are vital to prevent this problem. Multiple options are available to revise a loose glenoid.
Gender and agriculture in sub‐Saharan Africa: introduction to the special issue

This special issue contributes to the literature on gender differences in sub-Saharan African agriculture primarily by using new and innovative micro-data. The first six articles have a strong focus on understanding the extent and drivers of gender differences in land productivity and use data from nationally representative household surveys that are implemented under the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) initiative. The LSMS-ISA data are multi-topic, with geo-referenced household and plot locations, and information on production and identity of managers and owners at the plot level. The last two articles in the volume rely on in-depth quantitative and qualitative case study data, which, in combination with the nationally representative data, allow for greater insights into the extent and correlates of gender differences in sub-Saharan African agriculture. While there does seem to be persistent evidence of gender gaps, the studies find the sources of these gaps to vary within and across countries. This makes designing policies to address gender gaps more challenging, yet of crucial importance. What is clear is that the failure to directly and explicitly address the underlying causes of the disparities is likely to end up exacerbating the observed gender gaps.
Upper limits to submillimetre-range forces from extra space-time dimensions

String theory is the most promising approach to the long-sought unified description of the four forces of nature and the elementary particles1, but direct evidence supporting it is lacking. The theory requires six extra spatial dimensions beyond the three that we observe; it is usually supposed that these extra dimensions are curled up into small spaces. This ‘compactification’ induces ‘moduli’ fields, which describe the size and shape of the compact dimensions at each point in space-time. These moduli fields generate forces with strengths comparable to gravity, which according to some recent predictions2,3,4,5,6,7 might be detected on length scales of about 100 µm. Here we report a search for gravitational-strength forces using planar oscillators separated by a gap of 108 µm. No new forces are observed, ruling out a substantial portion of the previously allowed parameter space4 for the strange and gluon moduli forces, and setting a new upper limit on the range of the string dilaton2,3 and radion5,6,7 forces.
A polymer-film based photoelectrode containing immobilized quencher and chromophore polymer blends

Abstract A strategy for the immobilization of both quencher and chromophore jointly within a polymeric film is described based on the use of a polymer blend. Photolysis of the resulting films on electrodes gives rise to significant photocurrents in the presence of an added reductive scavenger.
Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy for 106 head and neck lesions: contrasts between oral cavity and cutaneous malignancy.

Objectives: The objectives of this prospective series were to present our results in 106 sequential cases of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in the head and neck region and contrast the experience in oral cancer with that for cutaneous lesions. Hypotheses: SLNB has an acceptably low complication rate in the head and neck. Lymphatic mapping and gamma probe-guided lymphadenectomy can improve the management of malignancies of the head and neck by more accurate identification of the nodal basins at risk and more accurate staging of the lymphatics. For appropriately selected patients, radionuclide lymphatic mapping may safely allow for minimally invasive sentinel lymphadenectomy without formal completion selective lymphadenectomy. Methods: One hundred six patients underwent intralesional radionuclide injection and radiologic lymphoscintigraphy (LS) on Institutional Review Board-approved protocols and 103 of these underwent successful SLNB. These included 35 patients with malignant melanoma, 10 cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas, four lip cancers, eight Merkel cell carcinomas, two rare cutaneous lesions, and 43 oral cancers. Mean follow up was 24 months. Patients with oral cavity malignancy underwent concurrent selective neck dissection after narrow-exposure sentinel lymph node excision. In this group, the SLNB histopathology could be correlated with the completion neck specimen histopathology. Patients with cutaneous malignancy underwent SLNB alone and only received regional lymphadenectomy based on positive histology or clinical indications. Data were tabulated for anatomic drainage patterns, complications, histopathology, and patterns of cancer recurrence. Results: Surgical complications were rare. No temporary or permanent dysfunction of facial or spinal accessory nerves occurred with sentinel node biopsy. Lymphatic drainage to areas dramatically outside of the expected lymphatic basins occurred in 13.6%. Predictive value of a negative sentinel node was 98.2% for cutaneous malignancies (based on regional recurrence) and 92% with oral cancer (based on pathologic correlation). Gross tumor replacement of lymph nodes and redirection of lymphatic flow represented a significant technical issue in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sixteen percent of patients with oral cancer were upstaged from N0 to N1 after extended sectioning and immunohistochemistry of the sentinel node. Conclusions: LS and SLNB can be performed with technical success in the head and neck region. Complications are minimal. More accurate staging and mapping of lymphatic drainage may improve the quality of standard lymphadenectomy. The potential for minimally invasive surgery based on this technology exists, but there is a small risk of missing positive disease. Whether the failure rate is greater than that of standard lymphadenectomy without gamma probe guidance is not known. New studies need to focus on refinements of technique and validation of accuracy as well as biologic correlates for the prediction of metastases.
Purification of single-chain human low-molecular-weight kininogen and demonstration of its cleavage by human urinary kallikrein

Human low-molecular-weight kininogen (LMWK) was purified to apparent physical and functional homogeneity by a six-step procedure consisting of ion-exchange chromatography, reverse ammonium sulfate gradient solubilization, hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose, gel filtration, and removal of contaminating proteins by their affinity for Affi-Gel blue and zinc. The recovery averaged 15.6% (n = 4). Purified LMWK presented as a single stained band on alkaline polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which corresponded to the region of function in eluates from a duplicate gel. The apparent homogeneity was also observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis, where the protein presented as a single band of Mr = 65,000 without reduction and 68,000 with reduction. A mole of substrate released 0.8 mol of kinin in 5 min when cleaved by human urinary kallikrein (HUK), and 0.9 mol after 30 min. Cleavage of the single-chain LMWK released kinin from within a disulfide loop as indicated by the SDS-gel electrophoresis of reduced and unreduced kinin-free LMWK. The heavy chain exhibited an Mr = 62,000, which is similar to the Mr of the amino-terminal chain of human HMWK and is consistent with their antigenic relatedness. In contrast to the Mr = 64,000 procoagulant chain of human HMWK, the small (less than 10,000) carboxy-terminal chain of LMWK has no procoagulant activity and may serve only to protect the kinin moiety in the intact substrate.
Web-based pathology practice examination usage.

Context: General and subject specific practice examinations for students in health sciences studying pathology were placed onto a free public internet web site entitled web path and were accessed four clicks from the home web site menu. Subjects and Methods: Multiple choice questions were coded into. html files with JavaScript functions for web browser viewing in a timed format. A Perl programming language script with common gateway interface for web page forms scored examinations and placed results into a log file on an internet computer server. The four general review examinations of 30 questions each could be completed in up to 30 min. The 17 subject specific examinations of 10 questions each with accompanying images could be completed in up to 15 min each. The results of scores and user educational field of study from log files were compiled from June 2006 to January 2014. Results: The four general review examinations had 31,639 accesses with completion of all questions, for a completion rate of 54% and average score of 75%. A score of 100% was achieved by 7% of users, ≥90% by 21%, and ≥50% score by 95% of users. In top to bottom web page menu order, review examination usage was 44%, 24%, 17%, and 15% of all accessions. The 17 subject specific examinations had 103,028 completions, with completion rate 73% and average score 74%. Scoring at 100% was 20% overall, ≥90% by 37%, and ≥50% score by 90% of users. The first three menu items on the web page accounted for 12.6%, 10.0%, and 8.2% of all completions, and the bottom three accounted for no more than 2.2% each. Conclusions: Completion rates were higher for shorter 10 questions subject examinations. Users identifying themselves as MD/DO scored higher than other users, averaging 75%. Usage was higher for examinations at the top of the web page menu. Scores achieved suggest that a cohort of serious users fully completing the examinations had sufficient preparation to use them to support their pathology education.
Public health or pubic health: is there a difference?

“The depredations of the global HIV pandemic have been a humbling experience for the scientific infectious disease community and the public health authorities. This can hardly be compared with the human suffering induced by this alien surprise, and what may still lie ahead. However, it may yet have some salutary effect if it alerts us to still further hazards that we face as a species in our competition with microbial competitors, who crowd us at the summit of the terrestrial food chain.” – Joshua B. Lederberg (May 23, 1925-February 2, 2008) (1)
On the Spark Spectrum of Tungsten in a Helium Vacuum Arc

PROF. O. W. RICHARDSON, in a paper entitled “The Striking and Breaking Potentials for Electron Discharges in Hydrogen” (Proc. Roy. Soc. 106, p. 640, December 1924), comments on the interesting fact that when a barium coated cathode burned out in an atmosphere of hydrogen, the spark lines of barium were developed instead of the arc spectrum.
Somatothymia in Chronic Pain Patients

Somatothymia is the use of somatic language to communicate affective distress. A total of 152 chronic pain patients completed a systems review checklist and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Associated features of somatic symptoms and the meaningfulness of somatic symptoms as a communication, common physical areas of somatic focus, patterns of affective distress in high and low somatothymics, and the utility of select variables classifying high and low somatothymics were evaluated. The results indicate that a systems review checklist can be used as a quick, useful, and initial screen for somatothymia and that somatic symptoms can in fact communicate affective distress.
Rape Prevention With College Men: Evaluating Risk Status

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a theoretically based rape prevention intervention with college men who were at high or low risk to perpetrate sexually coercive behavior. Participants (N = 146) are randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Outcomes include rape myth acceptance, victim empathy, attraction to sexual aggression, sex-related alcohol expectancies, and behavioral indicators, measured across three time points. Positive effects are found for rape myth acceptance, victim empathy, attraction to sexual aggression, and behavioral intentions to rape. Only rape myth acceptance and victim empathy effects sustain at the 5-week follow-up. High-risk men are generally unaffected by the intervention although low-risk men produced larger effects than the entire sample. Results suggest rape prevention studies must assess risk status moderation effects to maximize prevention for high-risk men. More research is needed to develop effective rape prevention with men who are at high risk to rape.
The two-phase, three-zone melting problem—response to pulse heating

Under certain conditions, when a pure substance in solid form is partly melted by in-depth heating, three distincs zones appear: the solid, the liquid, and the intermediate zone containing both liquid and solid. Under these conditions, the equations for the free boundaries are uncoupled and may be solved independently until the boundaries coalence into a single (Stefan) interface between the liquid and solid phases. In this paper, the one dimensional equations for the three-zone problem resulting from instantaneous pulse in-depth heating are derived. These equations, together with the remaining describing equations, are solved by two different numerical techniques to illustrate the motion of the boundaries, both prior to coalescence (the uncoupled case), and following coalescence (the coupled, or Stefan, case).
Scaling in an interfacial growth instability

Abstract An interfacial instability driven by concentration diffusion in a solid system is studied using simulations based on Ising lattice- gas energetics with conserved dynamics. Interfacial thermodynamic properties including the effect of surface tension are included at the microscopic level. No additional modeling of interfacial boundary conditions is required. Finger structures evolve from a flat initial interface and are studied on moderate time scales, well into the nonlinear regime. The dynamics and universality of the growth process are studied. Evidence is presented for power-law growth and for a scaling (self-similar) form in the evolution of the Fourier transform of the interface shape. A scaling law relating two exponents appearing in the scaling form is presented; it is based on the “inverse cascade” of energy introduced on the shortest length scales and evolving to the long scales of the interfacial structure. In some ways the simulations and scaling presented are the analog, for the case of interfacial instabilities, of the scaling laws observed in simulations and experiments on spinodal decomposition. Most of the results presented will apply to the symmetric two-sided system; preliminary results for the “one-sided” asymmetric case, which appears to lie in a different universality class, will also be discussed.
The Desktop Computer as a Network Participant

A desktop personal computer can be greatly extended in usefulness by attaching it to a local area network and implementing a full set of network protocols, just as one might provide for a mainframe computer. Such protocols are a set of tools that allow the desktop computer not just to access data elsewhere, but to participate in the computing milieu much more intensely. There are two challenges to this proposal. First, a personal computer may often be disconnected from the network, so it cannot track the network state and it must be able to discover and resynchronize with that state very quickly. Second, full protocol implementations have often been large and slow, two attributes that could be fatal in a small computer. This paper reports a network implementation for the IBM Personal Computer that uses several performance-oriented design techniques with wide applicability: an upcall/downcall organization that simplifies structure; implementation layers that do not always coincide with protocol specification layers; copy minimization; and tailoring of protocol implementations with knowledge of the application that will use them. The size and scale of the resulting package of programs, now in use in our laboratory for two years, is quite reasonable for a desktop computer and the techniques developed are applicable to a wider range of network protocol designs.
Nanoparticle‐Based Electrochemical Bioassays of Proteins

This article reviews a variety of new nanoparticle/biomolecule assemblies for advanced electrical detection of proteins. Effective methods for the reliable and trace measurements of proteins are highly desired for facilitating the diagnosis of disease states and improving drug discovery. Ultrasensitive monitoring of biomolecular interactions of proteins is particularly challenging owing to the absence of PCR-like amplification protocols and their greater nonspecific binding to solid supports compared to oligonucleotides. Recent activity has led to innovative and powerful nanoparticle-based immunoassays and aptamer bioassays of proteins based on a variety of electrochemical detection schemes. The enormous signal enhancement associated with the use of nanoparticle amplifying labels and with the formation of nanoparticle-protein assemblies provides the basis for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of proteins. Such protocols rely on the use of colloidal gold tags, semiconductor (quantum dot) tracers, ‘carrier’ (amplification) nanomaterials, or magnetic (separation) beads, in connection to electrochemical stripping measurement of the metal tag. Remarkable ‘PCR-like’ sensitivity has been achieved by coupling particle-based amplification units and various amplification processes. The use of nanocrystal tracers for designing electrochemical coding protocols for detecting multiple proteins will also be documented.
Redistribution at the State and Local Level: Consequences for Economic Growth:

Fiscal redistribution varies substantially across U.S. states, both on the tax and spending side. A compensating differential framework is used to show that greater redistribution will tend to incr...
Conus medullaris injury following both tetracaine and lidocaine spinal anesthesia

Multiple reports of cauda equina syndrome and transient radicular nerve root irritation have suggested that lidocaine spinal anesthesia may be responsible. In this case report, a patient with a preexisting diabetic neuropathy received a partial block following a tetracaine spinal, which was followed by a lidocaine spinal. Following block resolution, a new conus medullaris syndrome was diagnosed. Because of the close proximity of the cauda equina and the conus medullaris, differentiation between these syndromes can be difficult. The preexisting diabetic neuropathy may have predisposed this patient to neurologic injury. The choice of a different local anesthetic drug with less neurotoxic potential such as bupivacaine may have prevented this injury.
Flux-split algorithms for flows with non-equilibrium chemistry and vibrational relaxation

The present consideration of numerical computation methods for gas flows with nonequilibrium chemistry thermodynamics gives attention to an equilibrium model, a general nonequilibrium model, and a simplified model based on vibrational relaxation. Flux-splitting procedures are developed for the fully-coupled inviscid equations encompassing fluid dynamics and both chemical and internal energy-relaxation processes. A fully coupled and implicit large-block structure is presented which embodies novel forms of flux-vector split and flux-difference split algorithms valid for nonequilibrium flow; illustrative high-temperature shock tube and nozzle flow examples are given.
Fractionated doses of ionizing radiation alter postprandial small intestinal motor activity

We investigated the effects of total abdominal fractionated irradiation on postprandial small intestinal motor activity in five dogs. Five strain-gauge transducers were attached to the seromuscular layer of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of each dog to record circular muscle contractions. Radiation (250 cGy) was administered three times a week on alternate days for three successive weeks (total dose, 2250 cGy). Postprandial 4-hr recordings were made once each week during radiation and at one and three weeks following completion of radiation. Duodenal mean amplitude and area under contractions did not change during or following the radiation schedule, but the mean frequency and duration of duodenal contractions decreased during the radiation schedule. Both parameters returned to baseline values postirradiation. Jejunal mean duration, amplitude, area, and frequency of contractions decreased during radiation; mean amplitude and area returned to baseline values postirradiation but not the duration and frequency of contractions. All parameters of ileal contractions decreased during radiation, and all but area and amplitudes remained depressed postirradiation. Significantly decreased strength and frequency of contractions, particularly in the jejunum and ileum occur during and following irradiation. These changes may potentially alter transit time.
Use of hemodynamic parameters in the diagnosis of mesenteric insufficiency

To evaluate the hemodynamic characteristics of the normal mesenteric circulation, five parameters of the velocity waveforms were measured in 15 normal subjects in the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries (SMA) in the pre- and postprandial periods. It was noted that changes in celiac artery flow after eating was minimal, indicating that this vessel's major supply function is not to the gut. SMA parameters showing the most significant and consistent changes after a meal were the diastolic reverse flow and diastolic forward flow (DFF). Four patients referred with symptoms of intestinal angina underwent scanning and subsequent angiography of their mesenteric circulation. All four exhibited loss of reverse flow in the SMA. The change in DFF in the SMA was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Change in peak systolic velocity in the celiac artery was marginally significant (p = 0.05). Angiography revealed that three patients had greater than 90% stenosis of both vessels. The fourth patient had a 90% celiac artery and 65% SMA stenosis. The technique described offers the first noninvasive means of identifying mesenteric insufficiency. It is an effective screening method for a disease entity difficult to verify without selective arteriography. The use of velocity waveform parameters giving good discrimination between normal subjects and those with stenoses of the visceral arteries should reduce both the incidence of missed diagnosis and unnecessary angiography.
Diagnosis of multiple stuck-at type faults and bridge faults in combinational circuits with redundant wires

Abstract Behavior of a combinational circuit under the presence of a multiple stuck-at type fault and/or bridge faults, is analyzed. The circuit is assumed to be made up of AND, NAND, OR, NOR, and NOT gates, for simplicity of presentation of this paper. There are no other restrictions on the circuit structure. An algorithm is developed to enumerate different types of paths in the circuit, to determine a set of the primary input combinations to sensitize each path according to a well defined path sensitizing criterion, and finally to obtain a set of test patterns with a diagnostic resolution to locate all detectable components of the multiple fault and/or the bridge-faults present in the circuit. The last part of the algorithm builds a fault dictionary for the circuit under test. A theory is presented to prove the completeness of the diagnostic resolution of the obtained test-set. The theory is extended to show how a larger test-set obtained from the same algorithm can diagnose all multiple faults and/or bridge-faults in the circuits that contain undetectable faults and redundant wires.
A Preferred Scale for Warm-Core Instability in a Nonconvective Moist Basic State

Abstract The existence, scale, and growth rates of subsynoptic-scale warm-core circulations are investigated with a simple parameterization for latent heat release in a nonconvective basic state using a linear two-layer shallow-water model. For a range of baroclinic flows from moderate to high Richardson number, conditionally stable lapse rates approaching saturated adiabats consistently yield the most unstable modes with a warm-core structure and a Rossby number ∼O(1), with higher Rossby numbers stabilized. This compares to the corresponding most unstable modes for the dry cases that have cold-core structures and Rossby numbers ∼O(10−1) or in the quasigeostrophic range. The maximum growth rates of 0.45 of the Coriolis parameter are an order of magnitude greater than those for the corresponding most unstable dry modes. Because the Rossby number of the most unstable mode for nearly saturated conditions is virtually independent of Richardson number, the preferred scale of these warm-core modes varies direct...
An RLC Ladder Model for the Equivalent Impedance of Single Metal Nanoparticles in Electromagnetic Field

In this paper, we present a new modeling technique for plasmon-based metal single nanoparticles under the influence of electromagnetic field. A model based on continued fractions is derived to approximate the coefficients of the admittance rational function. The proposed model utilizes spherical wave functions to describe the field and it provides an equivalent ladder-form RLC realization. Simulation results show that our model matches very closely with the exact solution.
Competency development for chief executive officers in YMCAs

Leisure services agencies are seeing a significant shift in the workforce due to a large number of retirements. As a result, succession planning is becoming an important management issue in the profession. In order to develop an effective succession plan, job competencies are needed. The purpose of this paper is to determine the competencies needed by chief executive officers (CEOs) in YMCAs. A Delphi technique was used to identify the competencies that formed the nonprofit competency framework (NCF). This framework consists of six general competency categories including business acumen, communication, community relations, leadership and management, professional practice, and volunteer/board management. Within these general competency categories there are 70 specific competencies. The NCF was compared with public parks and recreation competencies and nongovernmental organization sector competencies. It was determined that YMCA CEOs have competencies that match these two groups and do not necessarily ident...
Developing Inclusive College Opportunities for Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Over the past decade, inclusive postsecondary opportunities have become more available to students with intellectual and developmental disabilities than ever before. With greater demand for such op...
Increased myocardial susceptibility to repetitive ischemia with high-fat diet-induced obesity

Obesity and diabetes are frequently associated with cardiovascular disease. When a normal heart is subjected to brief/sublethal repetitive ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), adaptive responses are activated to preserve cardiac structure and function. These responses include but are not limited to alterations in cardiac metabolism, reduced calcium responsiveness, and induction of antioxidant enzymes. In a model of ischemic cardiomyopathy inducible by brief repetitive I/R, we hypothesized that dysregulation of these adaptive responses in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice would contribute to enhanced myocardial injury. DIO C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 15 min of daily repetitive I/R while under short-acting anesthesia, a protocol that results in the development of fibrotic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac lipids and candidate gene expression were analyzed at 3 days, and histology at 5 days of repetitive I/R. Total free fatty acids (FFAs) in the cardiac extracts of DIO mice were significantly elevated, reflecting primarily the dietary fatty acid (FA) composition. Compared with lean controls, cardiac FA oxidation (FAO) capacity of DIO mice was significantly higher, concurrent with increased expression of FA metabolism gene transcripts. Following 15 min of daily repetitive I/R for 3 or 5 days, DIO mice exhibited increased susceptibility to I/R and, in contrast to lean mice, developed microinfarction, which was associated with an exaggerated inflammatory response. Repetitive I/R in DIO mice was associated with more profound significant downregulation of FA metabolism gene transcripts and elevated FFAs and triglycerides. Maladaptive metabolic changes of FA metabolism contribute to enhanced myocardial injury in diet-induced obesity.
Role of Size, Condition, and Lipid Content in the Overwinter Survival of Age −0 Colorado Squawfish

Abstract Small, medium, and large (mean total lengths of 30, 36, and 44 mm, respectively) hatchery-reared age-0 Colorado squawfish Ptychocheilus lucius were held at winter temperatures (3–5°C) in aquaria for 210 d to assess the role of size, condition factor, and lipid content on overwinter survival. Fish of each size-class were either fed dry pellets or starved. Fish in all size-classes fed at winter temperatures. The fish grew little, and condition declined as length of exposure to winter conditions increased. Condition declined more rapidly in starved than in fed fish of all size-classes. Lipid content of fish was inversely related to winter duration for all size-classes and feeding regimes. Percent survival at the end of 210 d was significantly lower in starved small (3.3%) and medium (6.7%) fish than in fed small (95.1%) and medium (98.4%) fish. Large fish showed 100% survival regardless of feeding regime. In years of large, prolonged runoff that delays the seasonal warming of the upper Colorado Rive...
Phonological facilitation through translation in a bilingual picture-naming task

We present a critical examination of phonological effects in a picture–word interference task. Using a methodology minimizing stimulus repetition, English/Spanish and Spanish/English bilinguals named pictures in either L1 or L2 (blocked contexts) or in both (mixed contexts) while ignoring word distractors in L1 or L2. Distractors were either phonologically related to the picture name (direct; FISH–fist), or related through translation to the picture name (TT; LEG–milk–leche), or they were unrelated (bear–peach). Results demonstrate robust activation of phonological representations by translation equivalents of word distractors. Although both direct and TT distractors facilitated naming, TT facilitation was more consistent in L2 naming and under mixed contexts.
In-house windrowing of a commercial broiler farm during the summer months and its effect on litter composition

SUMMARY In-house windrowing of broiler litter between flocks has been suggested as an effective method to reduce pathogens and improve the quality of the house environment in which new chicks are placed. In this study, different methods of in-house windrowing were tested in commercial broiler houses during the summer months of July and August to determine the effects each would have on litter composition. Three windrowing treatments and 1 control treatment were applied to 2 commercial broiler houses containing litter that was used over multiple flock grow-outs. Windrowing treatments included windrows with either the addition of water, turning of the windrow, or leaving the windrow undisturbed for 8 d. Each commercial broiler house was divided into 16 plots, each 6.1 × 6.1 m, with each treatment being applied to 4 plots per house. Litter from each plot was analyzed for moisture content, pH, NH3, and microbes over a 17-d period, with d 17 representing 7 d after chick placement. Moisture content was significantly lower in the control treatment compared with all other treatments. Litter in all treatments had decreased pH from d 0 to 17. Ammonia decreased from d 10 to 17. Litter windrowed without the addition of water or turning resulted in a decrease in anaerobic bacteria on d 17 compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, in-house windrowing may be beneficial for newly placed chicks by changing the litter environment and reducing the population of pathogenic anaerobes, which can be detrimental to bird health and production.
The phenomenon of bubble entrapment during capsule formation

Polymer capsules are formed following the impact of viscous poly-anion drops onto a deep pool of water-like poly-cation solution. During impact, an air bubble is often trapped on the drop/capsule surface, affecting the membrane quality locally. This entrapment has been experimentally examined for a typical anion-cation pair through detailed imaging of the impact crater. Experiments show that the bubble entrapment is caused by the collapse of the impact crater above the top surface of the submerged-and-reacting drop. Locally, the bubble pinch-off can be viewed as the continuous thinning of a gas filament driven by the rebounding bulk flow. In the low impact Weber number (We) regime, the data suggests that both surface tension and inertia govern the entrapment process, whereas, for higher Weber numbers the process is inertia-dominated. The transition condition is found to be coincident with the observation of the critical cone angle for the impact crater, seen in inviscid non-reacting drop impact.
Two-phase model of the basal ganglia: implications for discontinuous control of the motor system

In this article, I point out that simple one-phase models of the role of the basal ganglia in action selection have a problem. Furthermore, I suggest a solution with major implications for the organization of the action-selection and motor systems. In current models, the striatum evaluates multiple potential actions by adding biases based on previous conditioning. These biases may arise in both the direct (bias for) and indirect (bias against) pathways. Together, these biases influence which action is ultimately chosen. For efficient conditioning to occur, a positive outcome must selectively strengthen the striatal bias for the chosen action (via a dopaminergic mechanism). This is problematic, however, because all potential action choices have influenced firing patterns in striatal cells during the selection process; it is therefore unclear how the synapses that represent the chosen plan could be selectively strengthened. I suggest a simple solution in which the striatum has two functional phases. In the first phase, the basal ganglia provide biases for multiple potential actions (using both the direct and indirect pathways), leading to the choice of a single action in the cortex. In the second phase, an efference copy of the chosen action is sent to the striatum, where it contributes to the establishment of the eligibility trace for that action. This trace, when acted on by subsequent dopaminergic reinforcement, leads to specific strengthening of the bias only for the chosen action. Consistent with this model, recordings show post-choice imposition onto the striatum of signals corresponding to the chosen action. The existence of dual phases of basal ganglia function implies that decisions about action choice are sent to the motor system in a discontinuous manner. This would not be problematic if the motor system also operated discontinuously. I will review evidence suggesting that this is the case, notably that action is organized by approximately 10 Hz oscillations.
AKT Alters Genome-Wide Estrogen Receptor α Binding and Impacts Estrogen Signaling in Breast Cancer

Estrogen regulates several biological processes through estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta. ERalpha-estrogen signaling is additionally controlled by extracellular signal activated kinases such as AKT. In this study, we analyzed the effect of AKT on genome-wide ERalpha binding in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Parental and AKT-overexpressing cells displayed 4,349 and 4,359 ERalpha binding sites, respectively, with approximately 60% overlap. In both cell types, approximately 40% of estrogen-regulated genes associate with ERalpha binding sites; a similar percentage of estrogen-regulated genes are differentially expressed in two cell types. Based on pathway analysis, these differentially estrogen-regulated genes are linked to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), NF-kappaB, and E2F pathways. Consistent with this, the two cell types responded differently to TGF-beta treatment: parental cells, but not AKT-overexpressing cells, required estrogen to overcome growth inhibition. Combining the ERalpha DNA-binding pattern with gene expression data from primary tumors revealed specific effects of AKT on ERalpha binding and estrogen-regulated expression of genes that define prognostic subgroups and tamoxifen sensitivity of ERalpha-positive breast cancer. These results suggest a unique role of AKT in modulating estrogen signaling in ERalpha-positive breast cancers and highlights how extracellular signal activated kinases can change the landscape of transcription factor binding to the genome.
Byzantine Anomaly Testing for Charm++: Providing Fault Tolerance and Survivability for Charm++ Empowered Clusters

Recently shifts in high-performance computing have increased the use of clusters built around cheap commodity processors. A typical cluster consists of individual nodes, containing one or several processors, connected together with a high-bandwidth, low-latency interconnect. There are many benefits to using clusters for computation, but also some drawbacks, including a tendency to exhibit low Mean Time To Failure (MTTF) due to the sheer number of components involved. Recently, a number of fault-tolerance techniques have been proposed and developed to mitigate the inherent unreliability of clusters. These techniques, however, fail to address the issue of detecting non-obvious faults, particularly Byzantine faults. At present, effectively detecting Byzantine faults is an open problem. We describe the operation of ByzwATCh, a module for run-time detecting Byzantine hardware errors as part of the Charm++ parallel programming framework
Knowledge Management Education: An Overview of Programs of Instruction

This chapter provides a broad overview of university-based and other KM training worldwide, with particular emphasis on courses that can assist students in qualifying for Chief Knowledge Officer and other jobs in organizations that have KM programs. First, an overview of KM teaching categories is presented, showing the breadth of approaches that are possible. Second, we provide sample data on graduate KM courses at universities in the US and abroad, concentrating on schools of business and engineering, the two units where KM teaching predominates. Third, we summarize the current offerings of non-university KM training courses and KM certification programs. Finally, we outline the roles, qualifications, and responsibilities of jobs in the knowledge-based organization.
Economic Effect of Endangered Species Preservation in the Non-Metropolitan West

A common argument advanced in the non-metropolitan counties of the US West is that the Endangered Species Act (ESA) can have, and has had, a devastating effect on local economies. However, to date, there has not been a systematic empirical analysis of the ESA's effect on local economies. This paper reports on such an analysis. Based on a sample of all 333 non-metropolitan counties in the eleven-state West, the statistical effect of the listing of threatened and endangered species on county employment growth between 1980 and 1990 is estimated. The paper's primary finding is that the hypothesis that endangered species listing has had a negative effect on the non- metropolitan county economies of the US West is not supported by the data,
Minimum power configuration in wireless sensor networks

This paper proposes the minimum power configuration (MPC) approach to energy conservation in wireless sensor networks. In sharp contrast to earlier research that treats topology control, power-aware routing, and sleep management in isolation, MPC integrates them as a joint optimization problem in which the power configuration of a network consists of a set of active nodes and the transmission powers of the nodes. We show through analysis that the minimum power configuration of a network is inherently dependent on the data rates of sources. We propose several approximation algorithms with provable performance bounds compared to the optimal solution, and a practical Minimum Power Configuration Protocol (MPCP) that can dynamically (re)configure a network to minimize the energy consumption based on current data rates. Simulations based on realistic radio models of the Mica2 motes show that MPCP can conserve significantly more energy than existing minimum power routing and topology control protocols.
Pulse sequence to minimize artifacts from long radiofrequency pulses in CP/MAS NMR

On decrit une sequence d'impulsions utile pour minimiser les distorsions et autres artefacts a partir d'impulsions RF longues et de forte puissance. Cette technique permet aussi d'utiliser des preamplificateurs de sensibilite elevee
Well-being and Coping of Student Veterans Readjusting into Academia: A Pilot Survey

ABSTRACTThis study explored student veterans coping with transitions to postsecondary education. An instrument using a Tailored Survey Design and an Adult Transitioning Framework was developed to collect coping responses of 13 veterans with deployment experience transitioning to postsecondary education. Results indicated 38% reported difficulty managing finances, 93% utilized military training to manage stressors, and 38% sought environmental supports provided by the university. Findings suggest previous military experiences can be incorporated into occupations supporting individual coping skill development for the transition to postsecondary education. Further research is needed to understand barriers and facilitators of student veteran engagement in university resources.
Nutrition and Chronic Renal Disease in Children

Nutritional therapy has a major impact in slowing the rate of progression and in alleviating certain complications of chronic renal diseases, This review will summarize the advances in the recent decade concerning the use of vitamin D metabolites in the treatment of renal osteodystrophy, the use of dietary therapy, the action of growth hormone and general recommendations on treating the child with chronic renal diseases.
Myotis keenii septentrionalis in South Dakota

The only record of Myotis keenii septentrionalis Trouessart from South Dakota known to us is an alcoholic specimen reported by Miller and Allen (Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 144: …