cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of Reynolds number effect on vortex induced vibration of rigid circular cylinder on elastic supports

Abstract Vortex induced vibration (VIV) of circular cylinders is widely accepted as depending weakly on Reynolds number (Re) and strongly on reduced velocity, mass ratio, and damping. Experiments are conducted in the regime right before transition from laminar to turbulent flow (high-Reynolds 2×l0 4 −4×l0 4 5 −6×l0 6 ) in the Low Turbulence Channel at the University of Michigan. Limited experimental data are available in that regime. This research was initiated in 2004 studying high-damping VIV to convert hydrokinetic energy from ocean/river currents to electricity using the VIVACE Converter. The following experimental observations are made: low and high Reynolds VIV significantly differ. The range of synchronization of the upper branch increases with increase in Reynolds number. Amplitude ratio ( A / D ) increases with Reynolds number within the upper branch. For high-Reynolds, A / D =1.9 is achieved routinely in spite of high damping. The lower branch disappears, overtaken by extended upper branch. High-Reynolds VIV enters into the 2P domain in the Williamson–Roshko (W–R) map beginning with the initial branch. Hysteresis is not observed in these experiments possibly because parameters remain in the 2P-domain. High Reynolds numbers have a stronger influence than mass ratio on A / D . High-damping high-Reynolds VIV amplitudes are double of those predicted by the modified Griffin plot by extrapolation.
Secondary Deuterium Isotope Effects for Enolization Reactions

Secondary α- and β-deuterium isotope effects for enolization reactions and equilibria have been determined by ab initio calculations, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and triton exchange kinetics. Kinetic and equilibrium α-deuterium isotope effects for hydroxide ion-catalyzed enolization of acetaldehyde calculated by ab initio methods are normal and depend on the orientation of the secondary hydrogen with respect to the carbonyl group. The computed transition state structure indicates a small degree of bond rehybridization at the transition state. Experimentally measured secondary isotope effects on the deuteroxide ion-catalyzed proton exchange of acetophenone are kH/kD = 1.08 ± 0.07 for α-CH3 exchange and kH/kD = 0.96 ± 0.08 for α-CH2D exchange. For α-CH2T exchange in water, the corresponding secondary isotope effect is kH/kD = 1.06 ± 0.02, assuming the rule of the geometric mean is valid. These effects are smaller than the calculated equilibrium isotope effect for formation of the enolate ion−water complex: KH/KD ...
Quantification of margins and uncertainties using multiple gates and conditional probabilities

Abstract A methodology to perform the Quantification of Margins and Uncertainties (QMU) is introduced to enable the assessment of the safety associated with the operating conditions of complex engineering devices consisting of multiple subcomponents or coupled multi-physics processes. One of the key components of the approach is the possibility of decomposing the system into subcomponents characterized by critical metrics—gates—that collectively describe the reliability of the whole system. In the present study we formalize the process of constructing conditional probabilities for system performance and illustrate it with two applications: the evaluation of the test-time in a shock-tube experimental facility and the assessment of the unstart limit in the combustion chamber of a supersonic propulsion engine. In both cases, multiple uncertainties are considered and the gates are used as a mechanism to reduce the complexity of the resulting stochastic problem.
Mechanism of presynaptic inhibition by neuropeptide Y at sympathetic nerve terminals

Calcium influx through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels is the normal physiological stimulus for the activity-dependent release of neurotransmitters at synaptic contacts. It has been postulated that presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release is due to a reduction in Ca2+ influx at the nerve terminal, which could result from the direct inhibition of Ca2+ channels. Neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline act as cotransmitters at many sympathetic synapses. Both of these substances produce presynaptic inhibition and can inhibit Ca2+ currents in the soma of sympathetic neurons. Here we provide direct evidence that presynaptic inhibition produced by neuropeptide Y at sympathetic nerve terminals is associated with a reduction in Ca2+ influx and that this is due to the selective inhibition of neuronal N-type Ca2+ channels.
Catalytic reduction of nitrogen dioxide by carbon monoxide

Abstract Rate data for the catalytic partial reduction of nitrogen dioxide with carbon monoxide were obtained using a flow reactor operated differentially at atmospheric pressure and at temperatures of 180–240°C. A barium-promoted copper chromite catalyst was used. Nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide partial pressures were varied from 0.02 to 0.12 atm using helium as a diluent to bring the total gas flow to 4000 ml/min or a space velocity of 50,000 hr−1. Under these conditions, the only important reaction products were nitrogen monoxide and carbon dioxide. Changes in reactant concentrations had significant effects on the chemical nature of the catalyst. Nitrogen dioxide appeared to be strongly adsorbed on the catalyst surface. Increasing NO2 partial pressure caused the reaction rate to decrease. The rate increased approximately linearly with increasing partial pressure of CO, suggesting that the adsorption of CO was the controlling step in the reaction.
Chemical, Thermal, and Biological Ocular Exposures

Chemical or radiant energy injuries to the eyes are considered ocular burns. The majority of these injuries are occupation-related. Chemical burns are by far more common and represent a true emergency. Thermal and UV injuries are associated with severe pain, but often result in less long-term sequelae than chemical injuries do. The term "biologic exposure" refers to an exposure to human blood or other body fluid. This article describes patterns of these injuries and exposures, with particular emphasis on emergent management and including acute diagnostic and treatment considerations.
Response of stratified cultures of human keratinocytes to disruption of proteoglycan synthesis by p‐nitrophenyl‐β‐D‐xylopyranoside

Proteoglycans play a role in regulating proliferation and adhesion of cells to each other and to the basal lamina. Synthesis of proteoglycans is disrupted by beta-xylosides, which serve as alternate substrate sites for glycosaminoglycan chain attachment and therefore prevent glycosylation of the core protein. We have investigated the effects of p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside (PNP-xyloside) on cultured human keratinocytes. Stratified cultures were incubated for 7 days with PNP-xyloside (0.05-2.0 mM). Concentrations as low as 0.05 mM increased the secretion of free chondroitin sulfate by 10-15-fold over untreated cultures. Cell-associated proteoglycan decreased as PNP-xyloside concentration increased. At 2 mM PNP-xyloside, heparan sulfate as well as chondroitin sulfate addition to core proteins was disrupted: the core protein of epican, a heparan sulfate form of CD44 found on keratinocytes, was detected immunologically but lacked heparan sulfate. 2.0 mM PNP-xyloside reduced the number of attached cells by 20-25% after 7 days, but had little effect on morphology or protein synthesis. These results indicate that intact proteoglycans are not critical for maintaining epidermal keratinocyte stratification, cell-cell adhesion, or growth.
SPINS OF $sup 42$K STATES BY GAMMA--GAMMA CORRELATIONS.

$\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ angular correlations were measured for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays resulting from transitions in $^{42}\mathrm{K}$ which was formed by 6-MeV deuteron bombardment of separated $^{41}\mathrm{K}$. Litherland and Ferguson's Method I was used to study the cascade $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from the 252- and 104-keV states. Acceptable spin sequences of 432 and 322, respectively, were found. Mixing ratios and population parameters are given.
Lock On/Off Disulfides Identify the Transmembrane Signaling Helix of the Aspartate Receptor

The aspartate receptor of the bacterial chemotaxis pathway regulates the autophosphorylation rate of a cytoplasmic histidine kinase in response to ligand binding. The transmembrane signal, which is transmitted from the periplasmic aspartate-binding domain to the cytoplasmic regulatory domain, is carried by an intramolecular conformational change within the homodimeric receptor structure. The present work uses engineered cysteines and disulfide bonds to probe the nature of this conformational change, focusing in particular on the role of the second transmembrane α-helix. Altogether 26 modifications, consisting of 13 cysteine pairs and the corresponding disulfide bonds, have been introduced into the contacts between the second transmembrane helix and adjacent helices. The effects of these modifications on the transmembrane signal have been quantified by in vitro assays which measure (i) ligand binding, (ii) receptor-mediated regulation of kinase activity, and (iii) receptor methylation. All three parameters are observed to be highly sensitive to perturbations of the second transmembrane helix. In particular, 13 of the 26 modifications (6 cysteine pairs and 7 disulfides) significantly increase or decrease aspartate affinity, while 15 of the 26 modifications (5 cysteine pairs and 10 disulfides) destroy transmembrane kinase regulation. Importantly, 3 of the perturbing disulfides are found to lock the receptor in the “on” or “off” signaling state by covalently constraining the second transmembrane helix, demonstrating that it is possible to use engineered disulfides to lock the signaling function of a receptor protein. A separate aspect of the study probes the thermal motions of the second transmembrane helix: 4 disulfides designed to trap large amplitude twisting motions are observed to disrupt function but form readily, suggesting that the helix is mobile. Together the results support a model in which the second transmembrane helix is a mobile signaling element responsible for communicating the transmembrane signal.
Recommendations for improving the construct clarity of higher-order multidimensional constructs

Abstract In recent decades, there has been a proliferation of higher-order multidimensional constructs in the management and psychology literatures. Unfortunately, few guidelines have been presented for assessing the appropriateness of these constructs. In the current paper, the authors present seven recommendations for evaluating the construct clarity of multidimensional constructs. As an example, these guidelines are applied to existing multidimensional constructs, such as core self-evaluation and work engagement. The guidelines presented in this paper provide a roadmap for researchers interested in developing multidimensional constructs and identifying aspects of existing multidimensional constructs that are in need of improvement.
Radiative Impacts on the Growth of Drops within Simulated Marine Stratocumulus. Part I: Maximum Solar Heating

Abstract The effects of solar heating and infrared cooling on the vapor depositional growth of cloud drops, and hence the potential for collection enhancement, is investigated. Large eddy simulation (LES) of marine stratocumulus is used to generate 600 parcel trajectories that follow the mean motions of the cloud. Thermodynamic, dynamic, and radiative cloud properties are stored for each trajectory. An offline trajectory ensemble model (TEM) coupled to a bin microphysical model that includes the influences of radiation on drop growth is driven by the 600-parcel dataset. In line with previous results, including infrared cooling causes a reduction in the time for collection onset. This collection enhancement increases with drop concentration. Larger concentrations (400 cm−3) show a reduction in collection onset time of as much as 45 min. Including infrared cooling as well as solar heating in the LES and microphysical bin models has a number of effects on the growth of cloud drops. First, shortwave (SW) heat...
Using the 54/74LS610-13 memory mapping units

Abstract The 8-bit microprocessor has not been rendered obsolete by newer and more powerful 16- and 32-bit microprocessors. Many applications are more than adequately served by 8-bit microprocessors, with their lower-cost address and data buses. However, there is a ‘grey area’ in which 8-bit chips are not sufficient but 16-bit chips represent an uneconomic ‘overkill’. A significant limitation of 8-bit microprocessors with 16-bit address buses is their inability to access more than 64 kbyte of data. This application shows how the SN54/74LS610-3 series of memory mapping units enables an 8-bit microprocessor to access memories much larger than 64 kbyte without significantly increasing the chip count of the system. Note that a memory mapping unit cannot simply be engineered into a microprocessor system without adding the appropriate software, as the 8-bit microprocessor can still address only 64 kbyte of logical address space at any instant. Software is usually included in the operating system to map 64 kbyte of the physical memory onto the logical address space.
Solving the two-stage cutting stock problem

Abstract This paper describes an important class of cutting stock problems not previously discussed in the literature. The problem is one of determining the patterns to be used in a two-stage cutting process with restrictions imposed on the locations of cuts in the first stage. A particularly difficult version of this problem from the plastic film industry is presented and solved.
Laryngeal mask airway--a novel method of airway protection during ERCP: comparison with endotracheal intubation.

Abstract Background: ERCP sometimes requires deep sedation and rarely general anesthesia with airway protection. The laryngeal mask airway device is placed perorally to create a seal over the larynx. Unlike endotracheal intubation, no tube traverses the vocal cords, thus reducing airway stimulation and obviating the need to administer muscle relaxants. The feasibility of using the laryngeal mask airway during ERCP was evaluated and recovery times compared for patients undergoing ERCP with the laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal intubation. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, anesthesia records were reviewed for anesthesiologist-assisted ERCP procedures performed during a 30-month period. Demographics, procedure duration, and time from endoscope removal to extubation were abstracted. Either propofol or inhalation agents were used for anesthesia in all patients. Observations: Anesthesiologists administered sedation for 41 ERCPs. The airway was managed in 12 patients with endotracheal intubation and the laryngeal mask airway in 20 patients. Six patients underwent laryngeal mask airway insertion and removal while prone. A therapeutic duodenoscope was passed beyond the laryngeal mask airway with little or no resistance in all cases. Repositioning the laryngeal mask airway during the procedure was required in 1 case. Laryngeal mask airway use was associated with shorter extubation time compared with endotracheal intubation (7.2 vs. 12 min.; p = 0.004). There were no airway complications. Conclusion: ERCP can be performed while using the laryngeal mask airway for airway protection. The laryngeal mask airway can be placed with the patient prone, obviating the need to change position. Laryngeal mask airway shortens extubation time compared with endotracheal intubation.
Shear thinning in deeply supercooled melts

We compute, on a molecular basis, the viscosity of a deeply supercooled liquid at high shear rates. The viscosity is shown to decrease at growing shear rates, owing to an increase in the structural relaxation rate as caused by the shear. The onset of this non-Newtonian behavior is predicted to occur universally at a shear rate significantly lower than the typical structural relaxation rate, by approximately two orders of magnitude. This results from a large size—up to several hundred atoms—of the cooperative rearrangements responsible for mass transport in supercooled liquids and the smallness of individual molecular displacements during the cooperative rearrangements. We predict that the liquid will break down at shear rates such that the viscosity drops by approximately a factor of 30 below its Newtonian value. These phenomena are predicted to be independent of the liquid's fragility. In contrast, the degree of nonexponentiality and violation of the Stokes–Einstein law, which are more prominent in fragile substances, will be suppressed by shear. The present results are in agreement with existing measurements of shear thinning in silicate melts.
Age-related changes in body composition among Turkana males of Kenya.

To determine if age-related changes in body composition among males from an energetically limited population are similar to those of Western populations, we collected anthropometric data from Turkana pastoral nomads of northern Kenya. Measures included height, weight, and triceps, suprailiac, and subscapular skinfolds. Subjects were 132 nomadic and 90 settled Turkana males, with estimated ages 20+. Skinfold measures were used to calculate both fat-free mass (FFM) and percent body fat. Results were analyzed by 10-year age groups, using general linear models. Subpopulations did not differ in FFM, but percent body fat was significantly higher among settled males. Age-related changes in FFM were curvilinear, peaking in the 30s for nomads and 40s for settled males, with a significant decline in men over 60 years of age. Nomadic males show declines in percent body fat from the 20s onward, while percent body fat among settled males increased across age groups. These results indicate that age-related patterns of FFM in Turkana men are similar to those found in Western populations, but that age-related patterns of adiposity can differ. As such, they suggest that age-related patterns of fat-free mass in men may vary little across populations, while age-related patterns of adiposity are more closely related to environmental conditions. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 17:601–610, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An architecture for integrating OODBs with WWW

Abstract The main topic of this paper is how to structure information so that the view of the web, both within and across web pages, is dynamically customizable. We present an architecture that integrates Object-Oriented Databases with the World Wide Web to organize such dynamic structures. Different users, or the same user at different times, could have different views of the web. We discuss several architectural variants and implementation issues. Our chosen architecture provides high flexibility for a wide variety of applications, ranging from managed healthcare to software development environments, and has been realized in the dkweb system.
Aerosol Generation and Entrainment Model for Cough Simulations

Coughing produces aerosols comprised of components of fluid that line the respiratory tract. These aerosols have been implicated in the transmission of many infectious diseases. Important factors that must be considered in aerosol transport include its physical size distribution, the shape and density of its components, as well as its chemical and biological composition. This study represents the initial phase of a larger project whose goal is to investigate the relationship between the generation of infectious aerosols and the dissemination of diseases in the workplace. The objective of this study was to develop a computational model representative of the generation and entrainment of an aerosol during cough. This model is composed of two sub-models; the first describes the formation of “mother” droplets and their entrainment in an air-stream and the second simulates the fragmentation of these droplets into smaller size distributions. The first sub-model is used to calculate the amount of fluid entrained in the droplets which is a function of the physical properties of the airway lining fluid and airflow patterns in the airway. The second sub-model describes the fragmentation of the droplets as a function of the physical properties of the fluid composition and a description of the flow field surrounding the droplet. Preliminary results show that, with the proper choice of model constants, it is possible to obtain relatively good agreement between model predictions and experimental measurements.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Peroxynitrite inhibits the activity of ornithine decarboxylase.

Abstract Polyamines are required during cell proliferation, whereas NO has anti-proliferative properties. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a critical enzyme for the synthesis of polyamines. We tested the hypothesis that the modification of ODC by peroxynitrite (OONO − ), a short-lived free radical formed from NO and superoxide produces a fall in ODC activity, and therefore polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation. The treatment of a rat recombinant ODC (rODC) with OONO − resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of rODC activity with an IC 50 of approximately 100 μM. A Western blot employing a specific antibody to nitrotyrosine revealed a dose-dependent nitration of rODC tyrosine residues. When intact IEC-6 cells were treated with ONOO − , ODC activity decreased by 49%. These data suggest a correlation between ODC activity and nitration, and a possible mechanism by which NO synthesis may modulate polyamine synthesis.
On commutative normal *-derivations

The notion of commutative derivations is introduced into the theory of unbounded derivations in operator algebras. A useful result for the phase transition theory will be shown for these derivations.
Effects of Misspecifications of Log-Linear Functions When Sample Values are Zero or Negative

are commonly employed for empirical work in economics. The particular nonlinear functional form is popular principally because of its exhibited properties, which have convenient economic interpretations, and because of its successful application to various types of economic and physical data [1, 3, 5, 7]. Estimation of the parameters for (1) is typically based on a logarithmic transformation. That is, for a sample size n,
Trauma symptoms, sexual behaviors, and substance abuse: correlates of childhood sexual abuse and HIV risks among men who have sex with men

Childhood sexual abuse is associated with high-risk sexual behavior in men who have sex with men. This study examined psychological and behavioral correlates of HIV risk behavior associated with childhood sexual abuse in a sample of men who have sex with men. Men attending a large gay pride event (N = 647) completed anonymous surveys that assessed demographic characteristics, childhood sexual abuse history, symptoms of dissociation and trauma-related anxiety, borderline personality characteristics, substance use, and sexual risk behavior. Results indicated that men who have a history of childhood sexual abuse were more likely to: engage in high-risk sexual behavior (i.e., unprotected receptive anal intercourse), trade sex for money or drugs, report being HIV positive, and experience non-sexual relationship violence. Results of this study extend previous research to show that men who have sex with men and who have a history of child sexual abuse are more likely to be at high risk for HIV infection.
Generation of parvalbumin-like proteins from troponin*

Summary Parvalbumin-like proteins could be generated from the calcium binding subunit of the troponin complex isolated from dogfish skeletal muscle. These proteins displayed several similar properties with dogfish parvalbumins, including atypical ultraviolet spectrum and molecular weights; furthermore, whereas native troponin or its calcium-binding subunit do not cross-react immunologically with antibodies prepared from dogfish parvalbumins, the breakdown products show strong cross-reactivity.
Statistical geometry of pancreatic islets

Quantitative histomorphometric studies of the dynamics of growth and development of pancreatic islets in normal and pathological states pose substantial methodological and conceptual problems. We address these problems with the geometry of random fractals, and apply our methods to the analysis of islet regeneration in the alloxan-treated guinea-pig. In both experimental islet-regenerated and control animals, islet centres are found to cluster in similar fractal subsets of dimension strictly less than 3, in agreement with the postulated origin of islets along a system of ductules, and suggesting that regeneration follows the same mathematical dynamics as original islet formation.
Integrated Control of Phytophthora Root Rot of Red Raspberry

Various components of an integrated program for controlling Phytophthora root rot of red raspberries were examined in a factorial experiment conducted for three growing seasons in a silty clay loam naturally infested with Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi. The factors were: (i) cultivar (highly susceptible Titan versus moderately resistant Newburgh); (ii) bed height (flat versus raised); (iii) straw mulch application (yes versus no); (iv) preplant treatment with the biological control fungus Trichoderma (=Gliocladium) virens (yes versus no); and (v) seasonal applications of the fungicide metalaxyl (yes versus no). Disease incidence was assessed visually, and severity was measured with respect to cane density, cane vigor, and yield. Cultivar was the most important factor, having a highly significant (P < 0.0001) main effect on nearly every measure of disease incidence and severity; it also interacted significantly with most other factors for at least some of these measures. In general, such interactions resulted from the positive response of Newburgh to treatments that had little effect on the consistently poor growth and yield of Titan, or from the variable response of Titan to treatments that had little effect on the consistently low visual disease ratings for Newburgh. Raised bed cultivation consistently reduced disease incidence and improved plant performance (particularly for Newburgh) and was the only factor other than cultivar that significantly improved yield, i.e., 5.6 versus 2.0 kg per Newburgh plot on raised versus flat beds, respectively. Although metalaxyl initially provided a substantial decrease in disease incidence on Titan, most of these plants eventually died. In contrast, metalaxyl provided modest yield benefits for Newburgh, and highest yields were obtained when metalaxyl was used in conjunction with raised beds, i.e., means of 2.2 versus 1.8 kg for the treated versus untreated plots on flat beds and 6.3 versus 5.1 kg, respectively, on raised beds. Straw mulch increased soil moisture levels and exacerbated disease incidence and severity. The biocontrol treatment had relatively little effect on disease, although there was some indication of marginally improved plant growth in treated plots.
JAVELIN: a flexible, planner-based architecture for question answering

The JAVELIN system integrates a flexible, planning-based architecture with a variety of language processing modules to provide an open-domain question answering capability on free text. The demonstration will focus on how JAVELIN processes questions and retrieves the most likely answer candidates from the given text corpus. The operation of the system will be explained in depth through browsing the repository of data objects created by the system during each question answering session.
Structural Requirements for Yersinia YopJ Inhibition of MAP Kinase Pathways

MAPK signaling cascades are evolutionally conserved. The bacterial effector, YopJ, uses the unique activity of Ser/Thr acetylation to inhibit the activation of the MAPK kinase (MKK) and prevent activation by phosphorylation. YopJ is also able to block yeast MAPK signaling pathways using this mechanism. Based on these observations, we performed a genetic screen to isolate mutants in the yeast MKK, Pbs2, that suppress YopJ inhibition. One suppressor contains a mutation in a conserved tyrosine residue and bypasses YopJ inhibition by increasing the basal activity of Pbs2. Mutations on the hydrophobic face of the conserved G α-helix in the kinase domain prevent both binding and acetylation by YopJ. Corresponding mutants in human MKKs showed that they are conserved not only structurally, but also functionally. These studies reveal a conserved binding site found on the superfamily of MAPK kinases while providing insight into the molecular interactions required for YopJ inhibition.
COMMENTS ON THE SEA-BREEZE CIRCULATION

Abstract Since the sea breeze is caused by the temperature difference between the air over land and that over water, its intensity might be expected not only to increase while the temperature difference increases to its maximum but also to continue increasing until the difference decreases to zero. It is shown that in a model taking friction into account the intensity of the sea breeze begins to decrease considerably earlier, in better agreement with the observations. The diurnal rotation of the sea breeze can be explained as an effect of the Coriolis force. The observations of the diurnal variations of the sea-breeze direction made at Boston agree reasonably well with the theory, especially insofar as the modifying effects of a superimposed general wind are concerned.
An Investigation of Ester Group Steric Effects on Metal Ion Extraction by Symmetrically Substituted Methylenediphosphonic Acids

Abstract Symmetrically substituted partial alkyl‐esters of methylenediphosphonic acid are powerful metal ion extractants for actinides in all oxidation states. A preliminary study of calcium and americium(III) extraction by the n‐octyl and 2‐ethylhexyl di‐substituted esters of methylenediphosphonic acid revealed the distribution ratios and the nitric acid dependency behaviors for the two extractants to be very similar, with the extraction efficiency for the n‐octyl ester somewhat higher than for the 2‐ethylhexyl derivative. Since the basicity of the phosphoryl groups in the two extractants should be essentially the same, the differences in the solvent extraction efficiency of these two C8‐alkyl‐substituted ligands could arise from differences in the steric requirements of the ester groups. Ester group steric effects on metal ion extraction for a series of symmetrically alkyl‐substituted partial esters and identically substituted tetra‐esters of methylenediphosphonic acid were investigated to gain insight ...
OBJECTIFICATION THEORY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN: A DECADE OF ADVANCES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Fredrickson and Roberts (1997) proposed objectification theory as an integrative framework for understanding how women's socialization and experiences of sexual objectification are translated into mental health problems. This article reviews the past decade of research grounded in objectification theory and highlights needed directions for future scholarship in this area. Specifically, this article reviews research organized according to the following themes: (a) self-objectification and its proposed consequences, (b) sexual objectification experiences as a proposed precursor, and (c) disconnections from bodily functions. An overview of emerging objectification theory research with men is also provided. The review concludes with needed directions for future theoretical and research efforts aimed to advance the psychology of women.
Landscape assessment of a stable aspen community in southern Utah, USA

Abstract Recent reports of rapid die-off of aspen (Populus tremuloides), coupled with vigorous debate over long-term reduction of aspen cover in western North America, has prompted considerable research given the importance of this forest type for economic and non-economic interests. Despite this interest, indicators of aspen conditions are poorly understood, and there is a lack of systematic monitoring of stable aspen landscapes. Stable aspen are defined here as being predominantly aspen overstorey (>80% basal area) with little or no conifer regeneration. We examined a putative stable aspen landscape in southern Utah and addressed (1) stand structure and (2) indicators of decline. We sampled 83 aspen-dominated stands within a 275 km2 landscape using established forest health monitoring protocols. Eighty-four percent of sample stands on Cedar Mountain exhibited stable aspen characteristics. Principal findings include: (1) a relatively uniform age of adults within the study area; (2) approximately 10% crown dieback on half of the plots sampled; (3) roughly 50% of the study plots had greater than 50% of the trees with damage to the bole; (4) about 25% of the adult basal area was dead; and (5) over half the plots had few sub-canopy individuals and/or limited regeneration. Physiographic variables including elevation, slope, and aspect were generally not strong indicators of aspen condition, typically explaining less than 15% of the variation in basal area, mortality, dieback, or damage. Healthy stands were rarely observed in the most drought prone locations, though the inverse was not necessarily true; healthy and unhealthy stands were found in more mesic settings. Principal components analysis identified two clusters of plots that differed considerably in regeneration; however, no other variables differed between these groupings. We suggest exogenous factors such as land-use history or altered disturbance regimes and endogenous factors such as soils and geology influence aspen condition on this landscape. Further research is necessary to test these hypotheses.
Patient attitudes toward undergoing colonoscopy without sedation.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The vast majority of patients undergoing colonoscopy in the United States are given sedation. There are a number of potential advantages to performing colonoscopy without sedation. We sought to determine the attitude of patients toward unsedated colonoscopy in our three practice settings (a university medical center, a cancer center, and a Veterans Affairs medical center), and to see if there were factors that predicted willingness to try it. METHODS: Four-hundred thirty-four adult patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy completed questionnaires before and after their procedures providing demographic information and assessing willingness to undergo colonoscopy without sedation. Patients were routinely given meperidine and midazolam for their procedures unless they specifically requested that they be unsedated (10 patients). RESULTS: Only 16.9% of our patients were willing to undergo colonoscopy on their preprocedure questionnaire. Willingness increased modestly on the postprocedure questionnaire to 22.6% (p = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis disclosed that male gender, having a college degree, low anxiety based on preprocedure anxiety scales, and lower doses of sedative drugs used during colonoscopy were the best predictors of willingness to undergo colonoscopy without sedation in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Only about a fifth of patients undergoing colonoscopy in our three practice settings expressed a willingness to try colonoscopy unsedated. Male gender, higher levels of education, and low anxiety scores on simple scales of preprocedure anxiety may help to predict willingness. Efforts to substantially increase the frequency of patients willing to undergo colonoscopy without sedation will likely require increased patient counseling and education.
Quadratic multiplier method convergence

In a recent paper (Ref. 1), the author briefly mentioned a variant of Hestenes' method of multipliers which would converge quadratically. This note examines that method in detail and provides some examples. In the quadratic-linear case, this algorithm converges in one iteration.
Career orientation and organizational commitment of IT personnel

The management of information technology (IT) personnel poses unique challenges, but managers may be able to provide IT professionals with appropriate opportunities and career paths by matching individual expectations with job characteristics. This study is designed to identify the career anchors possessed by current IT personnel and to identify which career anchors are the strongest determinants of organizational commitment. Results from a pilot study identified four career anchors or orientations prevalent in IT personnel: Creativity, Autonomy, Identity, and Variety. Responses from sixty-six IT professionals were analyzed; and a weighted variation of Time in Job, Variety, Autonomy, and Identity explained 38% of the variation in Organizational Commitment.
Optic neuropathy and central nervous system disease secondary to Sjögren's syndrome in a child.

The authors describe a 10-year-old girl in whom optic neuropathy and central nervous system (CNS) disease developed in association with primary Sjogren's syndrome. There was angiographic evidence of cerebral vasculitis and multiple infarcts present on neuroimaging. Results of parotid biopsy, cerebrospinal fluid, and serologic analyses showed abnormalities that were consistent with the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. Although the patient had optic disc pallor on initial evaluation, her color vision and acuity improved with immunosuppressive therapy, as did her other neurologic symptoms. The authors believe this represents the first reported case of optic neuropathy and CNS disease associated with primary Sjogren's syndrome in the pediatric population. The possibility of improvement in visual function with early institution of immunosuppressive therapy makes prompt diagnosis essential.
Pre-existing bacterial infections, not stress fever, influenced previous studies which labeled Gerrhosaurus major an afebrile lizard species

Early studies indicated that the Sudan plated lizard, Gerrhosaurus major, did not exhibit a febrile response when challenged with bacterial pyrogen. More recent results indicated that a 14-day antibiotic treatment regime produced a significant decrease (0.5 +/- 0.1 degree C) in the mean selected body temperature (MSBT) for this species (31.3 +/- 0.2-30.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C). The antibiotic treatment results suggested that G. major already had a fever caused by a pre-existing bacterial infection. The current study was designed first to determine if a sub-population of G. major, with a higher mean pre-antibiotic treatment MSBT would exhibit a greater decrease in MSBT after antibiotic treatment. A 14-day antibiotic treatment regime for G. major (N = 7) with MSBTs > or = 31.9 degrees C (mean 32.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C) produced a significant decrease of 1.7 +/- 0.4 degrees C in MSBT to 30.7 +/- 0.3 degrees C. Analysis of the combined antibiotic treatment MSBT data from [13] and the current study demonstrated that the magnitude of the change in MSBT after antibiotic treatment was dependent upon the pre-antibiotic treatment MSBT. These data imply that animals with a greater pre-treatment MSBT and greater MSBT change had a greater magnitude fever. In the second portion of this study the MSBT for individual lizards was measured during separate experiments using both indwelling cloacal thermocouples taped to the tail of the lizard and telemeters implanted into the peritoneal cavity of the lizard. This second study was designed to determine if measurement of Tb using thermocouples induced a stress fever which may have masked a portion of the pyrogen-induced fever. The MSBT measured using indwelling cloacal thermocouples (30.5 +/- 0.3 degrees C) was not significantly greater (T > 0.05) than the MSBT increased using telemeters (31.0 +/- 0.2 degrees C). The results of the experiments from this study demonstrate that the previously reported afebrile state for G. major was the result of animals having pre-existing bacterial infections. G. major does exhibit a febrile response similar to other lizard species.
Contribution of the base of the heart to MR measures of left ventricular mass, volumes and scar in patients with myocardial infarction

In planimetric measurement of left ventricular (LV) mass and volumes, selection of the most basal short-axis cine MR image plane is generally not standardized and may affect calculation of relative infarct size in post-myocardial infarct (MI) patients.
Carding for the Purchase of Alcohol: I'm Tougher Than Other Clerks Are

The present research examined whether clerks believed themselves to be more likely to card customers than "other" clerks. Store clerks (N= 121) from 23 stores of a major grocery chain rated 4 person-product profiles of hypothetical shoppers each representing distinctive lifestyle groups. Embedded within a series of items were key questions that asked how likely it was that they and other clerks would ask for identification from the shopper for the purchase of alcohol. Across all conditions, data revealed a significant positivity bias suggesting that the clerks felt that they were much better than other clerks at determining who should be asked for identification. The data are discussed in terms of their motivational implications for the false uniqueness bias.
Pomeron-Reggeon relationship according to the topological expansion

The nature of the Pomeron and related effects are studied within the framework of Veneziano's topological expansion. At the second, or cylinder, level it is found that no new poles are generated but that first-level (planar) poles with $I=0$ are shifted by the cylinder, the shifts being in opposite directions for positive and negative charge conjugation. The planar $f$, in particular, is shifted upward and may be interpreted near $t=0$ as the Pomeron---with couplings lying roughly midway between the ideal mixing of a planar $f$ and an S${\mathrm{U}}_{3}$ singlet. The Pomeron intercept and couplings (mixing coefficients) together with corresponding intercepts and couplings for $\ensuremath{\omega}$, ${f}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, and $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ are semiquantitatively related through a single parameter to the properties of $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{-}{A}_{2}$. In the positive-$t$-physical-particle region corresponding relations successfully correlate the breaking of the Iizuka-Okubo-Zweig rule to the $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\omega}$ mass difference. Comparison of the cylinder shift in this large-$t$ region to that near $t=0$ reveals the phenomenon of "asymptotic planarity"---the cylinder perturbation dying out rapidly with increasing $t$. It is pointed out that the small Pomeron slope as well as certain physical effects attributed in field theory to asymptotic freedom are consequences of asymptotic planarity.
Introduction to Judit Mészáros' “Progress and Persecution in the Psychoanalytic Heartland: Antisemitism, Communism, and the Fate of Hungarian Psychoanalysis”

In this introduction, a rationale is developed for why these accounts of the historical movements and catastrophes in psychoanalytic institutional histories are so important. I argue that we need to contextualize theory and practice in political and historical terms, seeing that historical forces shape institutions, the fates of individuals, and the evolution of theory and practice. In particular, I consider the impact of the events in Hungary over nearly 50 years as crucial elements in the eclipse of Ferenczi and his school. I argue that we need to rethink our too-narrow focus on comparative theory and imagine the role of history in the fate of ideas. The impact of fascism and of Stalinism on psychoanalytic work and practitioners is seen here as a necessary element in our understanding of where we are now and from what cultural and historical experiences we have emerged.
Turnaround of Information Systems at Honeywell

I appreciate very much being asked to talk at a symposium on "Managing Organizational Change." It is gratifying to me because at my company we are working hard at managing the kind of cultural changes you are discussing. When Mike Beer invited me, he said our program "has to rank as one of the most bold turnaround efforts in American industry." Perhaps that's a bit overdone, but maybe you would understand where Mike was coming from if you had been standing in a Minnesota farm field one November afternoon two years ago. You would have seen squads of computer executives, usually regarded as sensible people, trying to help each other struggle over a wall 12 feet high. These were men in their forties and fifties who weighed 200 pounds and mere, wispy women, and office athletes, all of them pushing, pulling, tugging, and hauling each other up this wall and down the other side. If you can visualize that, you can see what Mike means by "bold effort." First, a caveat. Don't expect organizational development lightning to strike during my remarks. What we found was not so much new principles as it was a way to apply them. Our ideas were simple-they revolve around mutual respect among fellow employees. The lesson at the heart of our experience is that a company cannot achieve its corporate objectives unless the process helps employees achieve their personal objectives. If an organization can integrate its needs with the needs of its people, there will be success for everyone. It may sound as if I am talking about lofty principles of fairness and justice. I am. What we are trying to do at Honeywell is moral and is right; it is worth doing for its own sake. It is also a necessary part of our business plan. Our human strategy and our business strategy depend on each other.
In vitro activity and disk susceptibility of timentin: current status

Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactam compound with little or no antibacterial activity against most species, but it is a potent inhibitor of many bacterial beta-lactamases [1,2]. This characteristic has been exploited by combining clavulanic acid with beta-lactamase-susceptible beta-lactams, resulting in an enhanced spectrum of the latter drugs [3-51. The combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid (Timentin) has demonstrated significantly greater in vitro antibacterial activity than ticarcillin alone, particularly against certain beta-lactamase-producing species [6-91. In this article,, we summarize our experience and review the pertinent literature on the in vitro antibacterial activity of Timentin, with particular emphasis on proposed susceptibility testing criteria for both dilution and disk-diffusion susceptibility testing methods.
Listening to, Respecting, and Treating Patients With Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures

Lauren Boehm, in “Half Someone Else's: Discourse and Trauma in the PNES Patient” (2013), highlights the importance of “history-listening” rather than “history-taking” in evaluating patients who may...
Trade, capital adjustment and the migration of talent

Abstract To determine the total effect of trade on migration in the existence of capital accumulation asymmetries between trading partners, this paper develops, calibrates, and solves a two-country general equilibrium model of trade and migration. The model introduces an interaction between capital adjustment costs and trade costs in different sectors of production, and then pins down the direction and the size of the effect those interactions have on the gap between the returns to labor in the skilled-labor-abundant (North) and unskilled-labor-abundant (South) countries. The results indicate that at low capital adjustment costs, higher trade volumes lead to a decrease in the rate of skilled migration, though the decrease is smaller than it would be if there were zero capital adjustment costs. At high levels of capital adjustment costs, higher trade volumes lead to an increase in the rate of skilled migration.