cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biology of Janetiella coloradensis Felt, a needle gall midge on Pinus edulis Engelm.

Janetiella coloradensis Felt (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causes severe needle shortening on pinyon, Pinus edulis Engelm. Infested needles are about one-third normal length, with swollen bases and enlarged fascicle sheaths. Needle drop occurs after the next generation adults emerge, about one year after larval feeding begins and some six to eight years prematurely. Generally two larvae overwinter in small chambers enclosed in the base of each needle fascicle. The pupal stage begins in mid-April and lasts about one month. Mature pupae then work their way up between the two needles and emerge, often leaving the pupal exoskeleton on the needles. After mating, the females lay orange spindle-shaped eggs on the new shoots. Eggs hatch in three to five days and larvae immediately enter the base of the developing needles where they start feeding. Several months later the enclosed chambers are developed in which the larvae overwinter. Gall development is complete by mid-September. There is one generation per year. Approximately 20% of the midges observed were parasitized by a small wasp, Platygaster sp. (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae). This wasp oviposits in the midge egg, but evidence of parasitism is not apparent until the late midge instars develop the following spring. Thereafter, the parasite develops rapidly with emergence closely following that of the adult midges. Zusammenfassung Zur Biologie von Janetiella coloradensis Felt, einer Nadelgallmucke bei Pinus edulis Eng. Janetiella coloradensis verursacht starke Nadelverkurzungen bei Pinus edulis. Die befallenen Nadeln besitzen nur etwa 1/3 der normalen Lange sowie eine geschwollene Basis und vergroserte Nadelscheide. Die Nadeln fallen nach dem Schlupfen der Gallmucken ab, etwa 1 Jahr nach dem Beginn des Larvenfrases, manche 6–8 Jahre verfruht. Im allgemeinen uberwintern 2 Larven in kleinen Kammern in der Basis jeder Nadelscheide. Das Puppenstadium beginnt Mitte April und dauert etwa 4 Wochen. Schlupfreife Puppen arbeiten sich zwischen 2 Nadeln heraus und entlassen die Mucke, wobei oft die Puppenhulle an den Nadeln hangen bleibt. Nach der Kopulation legen die Weibchen orangefarbene, spindelformige Eier an die neuen Knospen. Die Larven schlupfen innerhalb von 3–5 Tagen und beginnen sofort an der Basis der sich entwickelnden Nadeln zu fressen. Die Entwicklung der Hulle ist Mitte September beendet. Es gibt eine Generation im Jahr. Etwa 20% der Gallmucken-Larven waren von der Schlupfwespe Platygaster sp. parasitiert. Diese legt ihr Ei in das Gallmuckenei. Die Parasitenlarve bleibt klein bis nach der Uberwinterung der Muckenlarve. Danach wachst sie rasch heran, und die Schlupfwespen schlupfen unmittelbar nach den Gallmucken.
The reduction of Al2O3 to aluminum in a plasma

The reduction of aluminum oxide to aluminum in radio frequency generated plasmas was studied experimentally. Argon with hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane were used as plasma gases. Product was collected from the reactor walls and/or cold-finger collectors. Gaseous quenching was also investigated, using hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide. Conversions up to 50 pct were determined using wet chemistry. Optical and X-ray methods confirmed the species present during and after reaction. The effects of particle size, flow rates, and power input were determined. Solutions of energy, momentum, and mass balances yield a qualitative explanation of the process. Vaporization rate controls.
Document Delivery Suppliers Web Page

ABSTRACT As an alternative to ownership, more libraries are employing the services of commercial document delivery suppliers to obtain needed items on demand. Keeping track of the different services can be time-consuming. A World Wide Web page was developed to track similar information about various suppliers. The page is located at (http://www.nnlm.nlm.nih.gov/pnr/docsupp/). This article provides the history of why this page exists, how it was created and what kind of information it provides.
Measuring physical and mechanical properties of individual carbon nanotubes by in situ TEM

Nanomaterials are a fundamental component of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The small size of nanostructures constrains the applications of well-established testing and measurement techniques, thus new methods and approaches must be developed for synthesis, property characterization and device fabrication. This has been the focus of our research, aiming at exploring state-of-the-art techniques for materials processing and characterization. This paper reviews our progress in using in situ transmission electron microscopy to measure the electric, mechanical and field emission properties of individual carbon nanotubes with well-defined structures. Quantum conductance was observed in defect-free nanotubes, which led to the transport of a superhigh current density at room temperature without heat dissipation. A nanobalance technique is demonstrated that can be applied to measure the mass of a tiny particle as light as 22 fg O 1f a 10 215 U: q 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights
Human arm motion planning against a joint constraint

This paper seeks to define the mechanisms by which the human motor system finds optimal reaching solutions, when one of the arm joints is locked in place. Specifically, the paper studies how people solve the problem of motion planning when they lose the ability to move their elbow joint. Our hypothesis is based on the idea that the governing rules of motion planning will be consistent even under the given joint constraint, i.e. the hand will follow the shortest path with a bell-shaped velocity profile, while reaching from a start to an end position. We present an experimental protocol with human subjects to compare their hand paths with the geodesic curve in Euclidean space. The speed profiles of these trajectories are also compared to the modified output of the so-called minimum jerk model of Flash and Hogan. Our results indicate that arm reaching paths with an elbow joint constraint at a certain angle closely follow the geodesic and has a bell shaped speed profile. The future work involves extending this research to the shoulder and wrist joints.
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe

This review surveys how vision becomes action through the frontal lobe. Signals from extrastriate areas create maps in frontal areas. These maps are shaped by visual features and shaded by goals, values, and experience, and they guide contingent activation of motor circuits to execute coordinated gaze, head, and limb movements. Frontal circuits also support the visual perception of learned objects, events, and actions. Other frontal circuits monitor consequences and exert executive control to improve the effectiveness of visually guided behavior.
Use of dissolved organic matter to support hydrologic investigations in a permafrost-dominated watershed

Abstract Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) is an analytical tool used to produce a “fingerprint” of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water. Py-GC/MS fingerprinting was used in this research to lend insight into the complex subsurface hydrology of a permafrost-dominated watershed near Fairbanks, AK. Fingerprinting analysis was conducted on groundwater, artesian spring, and stream samples from two watersheds and used to characterize relationships between the individual samples and between the watersheds. Fingerprinting analyses supported the hypothesis that spring water emerging on opposite sides of a hydraulic divide was of the same origin. Results also supported the hypothesis that individual water samples and their probable origin could be distinguished from one another based on their DOM fingerprint alone. This type of analysis could be used for flow path characterization in other complex watersheds or for characterizing important properties of DOM, such as its potential to mobilize contaminants.
Degradation of RNA in bacteria: comparison of mRNA and stable RNA

Degradation of RNA plays a central role in RNA metabolism. In recent years, our knowledge of the mechanisms of RNA degradation has increased considerably with discovery of the participating RNases and analysis of mutants affected in the various degradative pathways. Among these processes, mRNA decay and stable RNA degradation generally have been considered distinct, and also separate from RNA maturation. In this review, each of these processes is described, as it is currently understood in bacteria. The picture that emerges is that decay of mRNA and degradation of stable RNA share many common features, and that their initial steps also overlap with those of RNA maturation. Thus, bacterial cells do not contain dedicated machinery for degradation of different classes of RNA or for different processes. Rather, only the specificity of the RNase and the accessibility of the substrate determine whether or not a particular RNA will be acted upon.
Promotional role of microcredit: Evidence from the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh

This paper investigates whether the income augmenting role of microcredit is attributable only to increased participation of the borrower in economic activities or switch to more productive activities also. The paper provides a framework to analyze this question in absence of any longitudinal data. By using the data from the Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, the paper finds that microcredit enables the borrowers to move progressively into more productive activities as they become experienced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multitarget tracking with split and merged measurements

In many multitarget tracking applications in computer vision, a detection algorithm provides locations of potential targets. Subsequently, the measurements are associated with previously estimated target trajectories in a data association step. The output of the detector is often imperfect and the detection data may include multiple, split measurements from a single target or a single merged measurement from several targets. To address this problem, we introduce a multiple hypothesis tracker for interacting targets that generate split and merged measurements. The tracker is based on an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based auxiliary variable particle filter. The particle filter is Rao-Blackwellized such that the continuous target state parameters are estimated analytically, and an MCMC sampler generates samples from the large discrete space of data associations. In addition, we include experimental results in a scenario where we track several interacting targets that generate these split and merged measurements.
Copper trace cracking of BGA packages under die perimeter: combined effect of mold compound and die attach materials

This research examines the combined effect of mold and epoxy die attach materials on the cracking formation of fine copper traces routed under the die perimeters of plastic BGA packages, and under different thermal ramping rates. A designed plastic BGA package with specific traces routed and coupled with the active silicon device procured is used. The objective is accomplished by the use of the methods of finite elemental analysis coupled with a full factorial material experiment. For the JEDEC's MRT L3 and TC Condition B reliability stressing, it is found that a lower CTE and a lower dynamic tensile modulus combination of both mold and die attach materials tends to reduce the occurrence of trace cracking, while the effect of thermal ramping rate is found to be insignificant until 1000 cycles of TC is exceeded. Furthermore, a detailed failure analysis is performed on the stressed parts through continuity testing, mold decapsulation, high magnification X-ray, CSAM, SEM, and parallel polishing to confirm the modeling results and experimental findings.
Effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) mediator release and phagocytosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

DEP increase hospitalisation of patients with COPD. DEP comprise a carbon core with adsorbed compounds, including endotoxin. DEP deposit in the lungs, and are targets for macrophages. Macrophages drive COPD pathophysiology by releasing inflammatory mediators, potentially via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. We hypothesised that DEP stimulate macrophage mediator release via MAPK, and this is increased in COPD. MDM from non-smokers, smokers or COPD patients were treated with either DEP, standard reference material (SRM)-2975, SRM-1650b or inert beads (30, 11 and 0.2µm diameter, respectively) (1-100μg/ml) for 24h. CXCL8 release was analysed by ELISA, phagocytosis of fluorescent beads by fluorimetry, activation of MAPK by immunobloting, cell viability by MTT, and endotoxin levels by Limolas-amoebocyte lysate assay. DEP inhibited MDM phagocytosis of beads from all goups in a concentration-dependent manner, with 100μg/ml giving ∼60% inhibition (with ∼24% decrease in viability). DEP, but not SRMs or beads, stimulated CXCL8 release by MDM compared with non-stimulated controls (not due to the presence of endotoxin). MDM from non-smokers or COPD patients were twice as responsive to DEP than cells from smokers. DEP-treated MDM activated p38 and ERK 1/2 MAPK pathways, but not JNK. A p38 inhibitor (PF755616) suppressed DEP-treated MDM activation of p38 and CXCL8 release with no effect on viability. In conclusion, DEP, but not other particles, stimulated MDM chemokine release via p38 and ERK, suggesting that DEP composition drives this response and that p38 inhibition may have therapeutic potential in COPD.
Seasonal relationships between dopamine D1 and D2 receptor and equine FSH receptor mRNA in equine ovarian epithelium

Dopamine (DA) blockade during anestrus or early spring transition can facilitate ovarian recrudescence and advance the timing of the first ovulation of the season. Some laboratories have reported variable results using DA antagonists to stimulate follicular growth during the mid-portion of the anestrual period. Differences in DA antagonist efficacy may be due to the FSH secretory status of the anestrous mare and the presence or absence of functional ovarian FSH receptors. We hypothesize that direct ovarian dopaminergic input can affect follicular growth through regulation of FSH receptor (FSHr) populations. To investigate this, the amount of DA D1 and D2 receptor (D1r, D2r) and FSHr mRNA was quantified in ovarian tissues in anestrous and mares expressing estrus at typical intervals that are detected during the breeding season. Ovaries (n=26) were collected from 10 anestrous mares and 13 mares that had initiated estrous cycles (n=8 luteal; n=5 follicular phase). The quantity of D1r and D2r mRNA and FSHr mRNA was determined in cortex of both groups and granulosa/theca (those having initiated estrous cycles) tissues by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction using the comparative cycle time method. The reference gene was glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The fold-change for each sample was calculated based on a calibrator sample. Fold-change values for D1r and D2r were the dependent variable and tissue was the independent variable in a one-way ANOVA. Results of fold-change in FSHr were compared by ANCOVA due to unequal sample sizes from each mare. Correlations between receptors within each tissue type were determined. For each receptor type and tissue, correlations between follicular and luteal phases were determined. The fold-change of D1r mRNA was less than D2r mRNA in all tissue types and between seasons. The quantity of D2r message in ovarian cortex was greater (p or =30mm) follicles. We have demonstrated an inverse temporal relation between ovarian D2r and FSHr in mares dependant upon season. The functional significance of this relationship deserves further study.
Using Video Modeling with Voiceover Instruction Plus Feedback to Train Staff to Implement Direct Teaching Procedures

Direct teaching procedures are often an important part of early intensive behavioral intervention for consumers with autism spectrum disorder. In the present study, a video model with voiceover (VMVO) instruction plus feedback was evaluated to train three staff trainees to implement a most-to-least direct (MTL) teaching procedure. Probes for generalization were conducted with untrained direct teaching procedures (i.e., least-to-most, prompt delay) and with an actual consumer. The results indicated that VMVO plus feedback was effective in training the staff trainees to implement the MTL procedure. Although additional feedback was required for the staff trainees to show mastery of the untrained direct teaching procedures (i.e., least-to-most and prompt delay) and with an actual consumer, moderate to high levels of generalization were observed.
Modular modeling for network simulation languages: concepts and examples

Modeling supports the fundamental strategy of dividing problems into component parts, solving each part, and linking the solutions together. We discuss the concepts and capabilities necessary to build modular network simulation languages and apply them to problem solving. Necessary modeling constructs are defined as a part of a new modular network simulation language, ModNet, and examples are given.
Changes in shear wave speed pre- and post-induction of labor: a feasibility study.

Objective We explored the feasibility of shear wave speed (SWS) estimates to detect differences in cervical softening pre- and post-ripening in women undergoing induction of labor.
Influence of precommercial thinning on understory vegetation of young-growth Sitka spruce forests in southeastern Alaska

The effects of precommercial thinning on the understory vegetative cover of 16- to 18-year-old spruce–hemlock (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carriere – Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands were studi...
Secondary cervical dystonia associated with structural lesions of the central nervous system

We tested the hypothesis that structural lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with cervical dystonia more commonly involve the cerebellum and its primary afferent pathways than basal ganglia structures. Cervical dystonia is the most common focal dystonia, the majority of cases are idiopathic, and only a small percentage of patients have a family history of dystonia or other movement disorders. Pathophysiological mechanisms operative in solely or predominantly appendicular dystonias such as writer's cramp and Oppenheim's dystonia, respectively, may not be directly applicable to axial dystonias. The localization of structural lesions of the CNS associated with secondary cervical dystonia may provide some insight into the neural structures potentially involved in primary cervical dystonia. The National Library of Medicine Gateway (from 1960) and a clinical database maintained by the senior author (from 1999) were searched for cases of secondary cervical dystonia associated with structural lesions of the CNS. Search terms included one or more of the following: dystonia, torticollis, cervical, secondary, and symptomatic. Lesion localization and type, patient age, patient gender, head position, occurrence of sensory tricks, and associated neurological findings were tabulated for each case. Structural lesions associated with cervical dystonia were most commonly localized to the brainstem and cerebellum. The remaining cases were equally divided between the cervical spinal cord and basal ganglia. Although inconsistent, head rotation tended to be contralateral to lesion localization. Additional neurological abnormalities were present in the majority of patients with secondary cervical dystonia. The relative paucity of basal ganglia pathology and concentration of lesions in the brainstem, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord in patients with secondary cervical dystonia suggests that dysfunction of cerebellar afferent pathways may be important to the pathophysiology of primary cervical dystonia.
Kin and Elderly Amenity Migration

This study centers upon the role of kin in elderly amenity migration and is based upon interviews with recent migrants to Sun City Arizona. Migrants who maintained long-term ties to the community before moving usually relied upon relatives for these ties and thus for migration information. Those who had weak or nonexistent ties usually relied upon friends or the communitys developer for information about the area. Relatives were not considered to be an essential reason for choosing the community even among those who were dependent upon relatives for information. (authors)
Why Are Partners And Managers Leaving The Big Six

This article is based on a survey of managing partners of Big Six public accounting firms in the U.S. The purpose of the survey was to obtain the perception of managing partners regarding the reasons for the exodus of numerous managers and partners over the past few years. The 137 managing partner respondents indicated that the major reason that managers left was limited partner opportunities. The major reason that partners left was inadequate business development skills.
The spectrum of colonic complications in a lung transplant population.

Background Abdominal complications are recognized as a common complication of solid organ transplantation. These complications can range from gastritis with minor morbidity to viscus perforation and death. This study addresses specifically colonic complications in lung transplant patients to highlight their high incidence and significant morbidity and mortality in this population. Methods Data was obtained from a prospectively gathered database on 210 patients who underwent isolated lung transplantation between February 1, 1990, and July 10, 2000 at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Chronic diarrhea without a specific colonic lesion and infectious diarrheas except for CMV disease was excluded from the analysis. Results Twenty-seven of the 210 transplant recipients (13 percent) developed a colonic complication. The sex distribution of complications was 14 males and 13 females. The colonic complications noted were diverticulitis (9), CMV colitis (5), colon cancer/precancerous polyps (4), post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (4), megacolon (4), colon rupture (2). One patient had concurrent CMV colitis and diverticulitis. Documented perforations occurred in seven patients and surgical resection was required in 11 patients. Of the 27 patients, 10 died and nine of the deaths were directly attributable to the colonic complication. Conclusions Colonic complications are common post lung transplant and result in excessive morbidity and mortality in this population. Strategies to reduce this risk should be put in place in lung transplant centers.
Institutionalizing entrepreneurial expertise in subsistence economies

Abstract This paper focuses on a broad and emergent set of organizations operating in subsistence economies that seek to promote and support new venture activity. We label these organizations, Entrepreneurship Enabling Organizations (EEOs) and argue for their central role in addressing institutional voids confronting entrepreneurs. Specifically, we propose that EEOs’ provision of venture scripts, which are sequentially ordered expert behaviors appropriate for the creation of new ventures, is critical to creating successful new ventures as well as addressing institutional voids in these economies. We use social cognitive and institutional theories to explain how social connections and interactions introduce and begin to institutionalize venture scripts.
Team Boundary Spanning through Enterprise Social Media: Exploring the Effects of Group-Level Diversity Using a Data Science Approach

Effective work groups engage in team boundary spanning, that is, the use of communication ties as conduits to critical external resources. With the proliferation of social media technologies in enterprise settings and the associated increase in visibility of communication ties, understanding their impact on boundary spanning becomes imperative to improving cross-boundary knowledge creation and management inside organizations. In this paper, drawing on log data from 415 unique work groups in an enterprise social media (ESM) system, we use a machine learning approach to automatically detect three distinct team boundary-spanning activities. Using zero-inflated poisson regressions, we further show the effect of group visibility as well as three distinct sources of group structural diversity -- geographic, functional, and hierarchical -- on the extent to which teams engage in boundary spanning through ESM. Implications for theory and practice around the use of data science approaches as well as visibility and diversity constructs for understanding team boundary spanning are discussed.
Laboratory Science Programs and Certification Examination Performance

Clinical laboratory science education programs are diverse and complex in design, making them difficult to evaluate individually or as a group. Successful completion of an accredited program establishes eligibility for the American Society of Clinical Pathologists’ Board of Registry certification examination, leading to lifelong certification. Examination performance is a key indicator of program effectiveness. This study focuses on university-based clinical laboratory science programs and seeks to identify the curricular and administrative factors associated with successful examination performance. Results may enable educators, administrators, and accreditors to improve program planning and evaluation for better student performance on the exam.
Parasitization of Cabbage and Alfalfa Loopers in Southern California

Fifteen species of parasites (7 Diptera and 8 Hymenoptera) and a nuclear polyhedral virus were reared from larvae of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); the alfalfa looper, Autographa californica (Speyer); and the bean leaf skeletonizer, Autoplusia egena (Guenee), collected on annual weeds (Malva sp., Chenopodium sp., and mustards), alfalfa, and tree tobacco, Nicotiana glauca Graham, in southern California. T. ni was the most abundant host, though A. California usually predominated in spring collections from weeds and alfalfa. Comparatively few A. egena were collected-usually on weeds. The virus and most of the parasites attacked both T. ni and A. california , but A. egena was parasitized mainly by several Hymenoptera. The tachinid Voria ruralis (Fallen) and the polyembryonic encyrtid Copidosoma Truncatellum (Dalman), were the major parasites reared. All 3 hosts were parasite zed to about the same extent (30–40%), but total mortality ranged from 53% on tree tobacco, 73% on weeds, to 94.5% on alfalfa, mainly caused by differences in virus mortality. In greenhouse cage studies to investigate their potential for mass-release experiments against the cabbage looper, V. Muralist was more effective than C. truncatellum at comparable host-parasite densities. Periodic releases of C. truncatellum in an unsprayed cabbage plot were ineffective.
Paget's disease of the nipple.

Paget's disease of the nipple typically presents as an eczematoid lesion in older women. In the six cases reported here, one of the patients was 25 years old, and the average age was 40. All patients had radical mastectomies. Three had infiltrating ductal carcinoma and two of these died from metastases.
Parent and Teacher Perspectives on Emerging Executive Functioning in Preschoolers With Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Comparison to Unaffected Children and Lab-Based Measures

Objective Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are at risk for executive functioning (EF) challenges, with little research with preschoolers. Methods EF was examined using parent and teacher ratings of preschool-aged children with NF1 ( n = 26) and parent ratings of unaffected children ( n = 37) on the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Functioning-Preschool Form. Relations to performance on laboratory measures were also examined. Results Based on parent ratings, children with NF1 had more dysfunction than the normative mean on the Working Memory (WM) scale and Emergent Metacognition Index (EMI). Teacher ratings indicated greater dysfunction than the normative mean on the WM and Planning/Organization scales, EMI, and General Executive Composite. Children with NF1 showed more difficulties than unaffected children on the WM scale. Teacher report of WM was significantly correlated with Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition Digits Forward performance. Conclusions WM emerged as an area of difficulty for young children with NF1.
The effect of pharmacological agents on ejaculation.

AbstractInfertility in a patient on pharmacological agents with sympatholytic activity was found to be caused by ejaculatory failure owing to absent contraction of the seminal vesicle, ampulla and ductus deferens, rather than the previously accepted reason of retrograde ejaculation. These findings suggest that pharmacological agents producing alpha-adrenergic blockage may produce temporary interference with ejaculation, suggesting investigation of their use as reversible male contraceptives.
Feed Ingredients | Feed Concentrates: Oilseed and Oilseed Meals

Oilseeds and oilseed meals are commonly used in rations to provide protein and energy. The oilseeds cottonseed, soybeans, and sunflower seed are frequently used in the diets of cattle. Some of the more commonly used oilseed meals include peanut meal, canola meal, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and sunflower meal. The nutrient composition of each of these is outlined along with the effect of the various processes that are commonly used to reduce protein degradability. Limits on their use in diets and expected results when fed to lactating dairy cows or replacement heifers are provided for each ingredient.
Radiation therapy targets and the risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

New indications have been found for regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in breast cancer treatment, yet the relationship of RNI and lymphedema risk is uncertain. We sought to determine the association of RNI and lymphedema. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus for articles in English on humans published from 1995 to 2015, using search terms breast neoplasm, treatment, and morbidity. Two investigators independently selected articles and extracted information, including manuscripts reporting incidence of lymphedema by radiation targets. Meta-analyses, review papers, case–control studies, matched-pair studies, repetitive datasets, and retrospective studies were excluded. A total of 2399 abstracts were identified and 323 corresponding articles reviewed. Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Data were pooled using a random effects mixed model. Network meta-analyses were performed to determine the association of radiation targets alone and radiation targets plus extent of axillary surgery on incidence of lymphedema. The addition of RNI to breast/CW irradiation was associated with an increased incidence of lymphedema (OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.24–6.55). In patients treated with sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary sampling, there was no association of lymphedema with the addition of RNI to breast/CW irradiation (OR 1.58; 95% CI 0.54–4.66; pooled incidence 5.7 and 4.1%, respectively). Among patients treated with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), treatment with RNI in addition to breast/CW radiation was associated with a significantly higher risk of lymphedema (OR 2.74; 95% CI 1.38–5.44; pooled incidence 18.2 and 9.4%, respectively). RNI is associated with a significantly higher risk of lymphedema than irradiation of the breast/CW, particularly after ALND.
The need for data-informed clinical supervision in substance use disorder treatment.

ABSTRACTEffective clinical supervision is necessary for high-quality care in community-based substance use disorder treatment settings, yet little is known about current supervision practices. Some evidence suggests that supervisors and counselors differ in their experiences of clinical supervision; however, the impact of this misalignment on supervision quality is unclear. Clinical information monitoring systems may support supervision in substance use disorder treatment, but the potential use of these tools must first be explored. First, the current study examines the extent to which misaligned supervisor–counselor perceptions impact supervision satisfaction and emphasis on evidence-based treatments. This study also reports on formative work to develop a supervision-based clinical dashboard, an electronic information monitoring system and data visualization tool providing real-time clinical information to engage supervisors and counselors in a coordinated and data-informed manner, help align supervisor–...
Neutron Noise, Waves and Pulse Propagation

(1968). Neutron Noise, Waves and Pulse Propagation. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 559-559.
Unconventional designs of RF probes for high-field MRI to enhance magnetic field uniformity

We present approaches to enhancing magnetic field uniformity produced by RF probes in high-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners by introducing compensating non-uniformities in the probe designs. Unconventional designs of RF probes for operating at 600 MHz in 14 T MRI scanners are demonstrated, including a solenoid coil with non-uniform wrapping and dielectric separators, a system of microstrip patch antennas with substrates engineered by using high permittivity inserts, and a system of specifically shaped patch antennas. The advantages of the proposed probe designs are discussed.
The Evolution of a Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Program: The Boston Children’s Hospital Experience

Mechanical circulatory support in the form of ventricular assist devices (VADs) in children has undergone rapid growth in the last decade. With expansion of device options available for larger children and adolescents, the field of outpatient VAD support has flourished, with many programs unprepared for the clinical, programmatic, and administrative responsibilities. From preimplantation VAD evaluation and patient education to postimplant VAD management, the VAD program, staffed with an interdisciplinary team, is essential to providing safe, effective, and sustainable care for a new technology in an exceedingly complex patient population. Herein, this paper describes the Boston Children's Hospital VAD experience over a decade and important lessons learned from developing a pediatric program focusing on a high-risk but low-volume population. We highlight the paramount role of the VAD coordinator, clinical infrastructure requirements, as well as innovation in care spanning inpatient and outpatient VAD supports at Boston Children's Hospital.
Bioengineered Systems and Designer Matrices That Recapitulate the Intestinal Stem Cell Niche

The relationship between intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the surrounding niche environment is complex and dynamic. Key factors localized at the base of the crypt are necessary to promote ISC self-renewal and proliferation, to ultimately provide a constant stream of differentiated cells to maintain the epithelial barrier. These factors diminish as epithelial cells divide, migrate away from the crypt base, differentiate into the postmitotic lineages, and end their life span in approximately 7 days when they are sloughed into the intestinal lumen. To facilitate the rapid and complex physiology of ISC-driven epithelial renewal, in vivo gradients of growth factors, extracellular matrix, bacterial products, gases, and stiffness are formed along the crypt-villus axis. New bioengineered tools and platforms are available to recapitulate various gradients and support the stereotypical cellular responses associated with these gradients. Many of these technologies have been paired with primary small intestinal and colonic epithelial cells to re-create select aspects of normal physiology or disease states. These biomimetic platforms are becoming increasingly sophisticated with the rapid discovery of new niche factors and gradients. These advancements are contributing to the development of high-fidelity tissue constructs for basic science applications, drug screening, and personalized medicine applications. Here, we discuss the direct and indirect evidence for many of the important gradients found in vivo and their successful application to date in bioengineered in vitro models, including organ-on-chip and microfluidic culture devices.
Metal hypersensitivity in the context of connective tissue disease – An opportunity for practice prevention

Metal hypersensitivity reactions (MHR) are not associated with metal containing orthodontic implants unless there is a positive history of dermatitis from a high nickel-release item (piercing post, earring, watch). We wish to present this letter to highlight evidence surrounding orthodontic-related nickel hypersensitivity and to bring to the readers attention current American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) guidelines that endorse the importance of addressing metal hypersensitivity reactions in the setting of implantable dental devices.
Best practices for organizational change management within electrical contractors

Few studies have investigated best practices for organizational change management (OCM) within the electrical contracting industry. This study had two research questions: first, to determine whethe...
Vom eigenen Gewissen Die Walser-Bubis-Debatte und der Ort des Nationalsozialismus im Selbstbild der Bundesrepublik

Ausgehend von Martin Walsers autobiographischem Roman Ein springender Brunnen und den Reden beim Festakt des Friedenspreises des Deutschen Buchhandels, wird die Walser-Bubis-Debatte (1998) analysiert und als Teil einer umfassenden Auseinandersetzung um den gegenwartigen und kunftigen Gedenkdiskurs zur NS-Zeit dargestellt.
National Occupational Standards

National occupational standards (NOSs) have become an increasingly important topic of interest related to work analysis. NOSs specify what is required of an individual to perform in an occupation, as the occupation appears across various workplace settings, at a regional or a national level. NOSs also specify the background knowledge and skills individuals should possess to meet that standard. Each NOS defines one occupation or an area of competence across occupations. NOSs are used for the following reasons: to forecast employment priorities and trends by government agencies and educational institutions; to provide a benchmark for companies so they can compare their job expectations with the occupational standard; to provide the basis for the design of training and education programs; to construct job descriptions by human resources staff members for use with recruitment and selection; and to identify occupational options and their respective educational requirements by individual job seekers. Many HRD professionals in the United States are not familiar with NOSs. But these are commonly understood throughout Europe, most of Asia, and many developing countries.
A comparative study of analytical thermal models to predict the orthogonal cutting temperature of AISI 1045 steel

Elevated temperature in the machining process is detrimental to the cutting tool due to a thermal softening effect. The increased material diffusion deteriorates the quality of the machined part. Experimental techniques and finite element method-based numerical models in temperature investigation are limited by the restricted accessibility and high computational cost respectively. Physic-based analytical models are developed to overcome those issues. This study investigated three analytical models, namely a modified chip formation model, Komanduri-Hou two heat sources model, and Ning-Liang material flow stress model, in the prediction of machining temperatures in orthogonal cutting. The evaluation and comparison between three models aim to promote the use of the analytical models in real applications, in which real-time prediction is highly appreciated. Temperatures in machining AISI 1045 steel were predicted under various cutting conditions. Acceptable agreements were observed between predictions and documented values in the literature. In the modified chip formation model, machining temperatures and forces were solved iteratively with complex mathematical equations, which reduced computational efficiency, and thus prevented a real-time temperature prediction. The heat partition factors were empirically determined, which resulted in unoptimized prediction accuracy. In Komanduri-Hou model, the input lengths of two shear zones and shear angle cannot be easily obtained from experiments due to the restricted accessibility. With the benefits of high prediction accuracy, high computational efficiency, and low experimental complexity of model inputs, Ning-Liang model was favored in the real-time prediction of machining temperatures.
Abstract 69: Integrin α6β4 associates with plectin and vimentin in focal adhesions to enhance breast cancer cell invasion

Integrin α6β4 binds plectin to associate with intermediate filaments such as vimentin. While vimentin and integrin α6β4 are associated with the aggressiveness of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), the biological importance of their association is not clear. Here, we utilized naturally occurring Epidermolysis Bullosa mutations in the integrin β4 subunit that are deficient in plectin binding to investigate the association between integrin α6β4 and vimentin. Using integrin β4-deficient BT549 cells, we generated cell lines that expressed integrin β4 wild type (β4-wt), plectin binding mutants (β4-R1225H or β4-R1281W), 1355-1662 deletion mutant (β4-Δ1355-1662; which retains plectin binding but deletes the signaling domain) or an empty control vector (EV). Migration assay and three-dimensional (3D) culture were performed to test whether integrin α6β4 signaling and its association with plectin contribute to the migratory and invasive phenotypes. Compared to EV cells, β4-wt increases cell migration and 3D invasive growth, but the β4-R1225H and β4-R1281W could not. CRISPR knockout of plectin also blocked β4-wt 3D cell growth. Utilizing total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we found that integrin β4-wt and β4-Δ1355-1662 were recruited to focal adhesions (FAs, indicated by paxillin co-staining) on laminin-1 plus fibronectin matrices, but not when plated on laminin-1 or fibronectin alone. Integrin β4-R1225H and β4-R1281W did not localize to FAs. Similarly, integrin β4-wt in plectin knockout cells could not aggregate in FAs. Furthermore, we observed that integrin αv and β1 colocalized with integrin β4 in FAs. Proximity ligation assay (PLA) indicated that the close interaction of integrin β1 and plectin. Interestingly, depletion of integrin β1 significantly reduced integrin β4 accumulation in FAs. Further immunostaining showed that integrin β4, plectin, and vimentin aggregated in FAs in the central area of the cell where FAs predominantly formed. Depletion of vimentin did not impact the recruitment of integrin β4 in FAs or cell proliferation, but significantly suppressed cell migration and 3D growth in β4-wt cells. Integrin β4-plectin-vimentin complexes were also found in MDA-MB-231 cells where they co-localized with paxillin and connected with stress fibers. In summary, our study demonstrates the essential roles of plectin binding and vimentin in promoting the migratory and invasive phenotypes by integrin α6β4 signaling in TNBC. Our study further highlights a novel function of plectin binding and integrin β1 in enhancing integrin β4 dynamics. Citation Format: Lei Qi, Teresa Knifley, Min Chen, Kathleen L. O’Connor. Integrin α6β4 associates with plectin and vimentin in focal adhesions to enhance breast cancer cell invasion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 69.
A culture of aggression: school culture and the normalization of aggression in two elementary schools

AbstractSince the late 1990s, increased public and academic attention has been focused on topics related to bullying and peer aggression in schools, yet these behaviors have proven difficult for sc...
Anterior enterocele as an etiology for anterior vaginal wall prolapse: a magnetic resonance defecography case series

Pelvic floor hernias from the posterior cul-de-sac most often contain small bowel and are called enteroceles, however may contain sigmoid colon (sigmoidocele) or only peritoneal fat (peritoneocele). These cul-de-sac hernias typically cause bulging of the posterior vaginal wall, while anterior vaginal wall bulges are typically secondary to bladder prolapse in patients with pelvic floor deficiency. We report a series of seven patients who presented with anterior vaginal wall “mass” or bulge after cystectomy and were found on magnetic resonance defecography (MRD) to have enteroceles or sigmoidoceles in the anterior rather than posterior compartment. MRD was instrumental for diagnoses in these patients and to exclude local recurrence of bladder malignancy. We also report five additional patients that were found to have bowel herniation anterior to the vaginal apex, but without history of cystectomy.
Student Engagement in Higher Education : Theoretical Perspectives and Practical Approaches for Diverse Populations

Foreword by George D. Kuh Chapter 1: Introduction: Making Engagement Equitable for Students in U.S. Higher Education by Shaun R. Harper and Stephen John Quaye Chapter 2: Engaging Students of Color by Stephen John Quaye, Kimberly A. Griffin, and Samuel D. Museus Chapter 3: Engaging Undergraduate Women of Color by Lori Patton Davis, Jessica C. Harris, Jessica Ranero-Ramirez, Isabella Villacampa, and Joyce Lui Chapter 4: Engaging College Men of Color by Shaun R. Harper, Charles H. F. Davis III, Keon M. McGuire, and Jonathan Berhanu Chapter 5: Engaging White Students on Multicultural Campuses by Robert D. Reason Chapter 6: Engaging Multiracial College Students by C. Casey Ozaki and Kristen A. Renn Chapter 7: Engaging International Students by Jenny J. Lee Chapter 8: Engaging Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Students on College Campuses by Dafina-Lazarus Stewart and Mary F. Howard-Hamilton Chapter 9: Engaging Transgender Students on College and University Campuses by Susan B. Marine and D. Chase J. Catalano Chapter 10: Engaging Undergraduate Women and Men by Jaime Lester and Frank Harris III Chapter 11: Engaging Religious Minority Students by Shafiqa Ahmadi and Darnell Cole Chapter 12: Engaging Students with Disabilities by Kirsten Brown and Ellen M. Broido Chapter 13: Engaging Student Athletes by Joy Gaston Gayles Chapter 14: Engaging Homeless Students in College by Jarrett T. Gupton Chapter 15: Engaging Low-Income Students by Adrianna J. Kezar, MaryBeth Walpole, and Laura W. Perna Chapter 16: Engaging Students in an Online Environment by Tina M. Stavredes and Tiffany M. Herder Chapter 17: Engaging Community College Transfer Students by J. Luke Wood & Carl S. Moore Chapter 18: Engaging Commuter and Part-Time Students by Barbara Jacoby Chapter 19: Engaging Returning Adult Learners in Community Colleges by Linda Serra Hagedorn Chapter 20: Engaging Student Veterans Inside and Outside the Classroom by Corey B. Rumann and Stephanie Bondi Chapter 21: Engaging Graduate and Professional Students by Susan K. Gardner and Marco J. Barker