cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factitious Disorder and Malingering in Adolescent Girls: Case Series and Literature Review

Six cases of factitious disease and malingering in pediatric patients referred to an infectious diseases practice in a tertiary care children's hospital are described, and implications for general clinical practice are reviewed. All patients were girls aged 9-15 years. Two patients were malingering with the secondary gain of avoiding attendance at school. The other 4 patients presented with factitious illness without clear link to secondary gain, but rather for a psychological purpose. Three of the subjects admitted to self-induced or feigned illness. The 2 patients diagnosed with malingering did very well with early parental support, psychotherapy, and attention paid to school difficulties. The outcomes of the others with underlying psychological conflicts were less resolved. Factitious disorders and malingering occur in the pediatric population. A high index of suspicion is needed for prompt diagnosis and care.
Anaerobic Biodegradation of Alkylbenzenes in Laboratory Microcosms Representing Ambient Conditions

Abstract A microcosm study was performed to document the anaerobic biodegradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m- xylene, and/or o-xylene in petroleum-contaminated aquifer sediment from sites in Michigan (MI) and North Carolina (NC) and relate the results to previous field investigations of intrinsic bioremediation. Laboratory microcosms, designed to simulate ambient conditions, were constructed under anaerobic conditions with sediment and groundwater from source, mid-plume, and end-plume locations at each site. The general patterns of biodegradation and electron acceptor utilization in the microcosms were consistent with field data. At the MI site, methane was produced after a moderate lag period, followed by toluene degradation in all sets of microcosms. At the NC site, biodegradation of the target compounds was not evident in the source area microcosms. In the mid-plume microcosms, toluene and o-xylene biodegraded first, followed by m-xylene and benzene, a pattern consistent with contaminant deca...
“A Fan Crashing the Party” Exploring Reality-celebrity in MTV's Real World Franchise

Reality TV's (re)emergence at the turn of the century necessitates a reconsideration of what it means to work in television as on-camera talent. Through a study of reality actor Susie Meister, the author examines a new kind of television-based celebrity created in the wake of the longest-running U.S. reality series, The Real World (1992—). This form of celebrity, which I call “reality-celebrity,” diverges from other modes of televisual fame by encoding its participants as off-camera texts cast to perform their “ordinariness” within the confines of a reality persona. Different from other types of television personalities (e.g., talk show hosts, news anchors), MTV's reality-celebrities must continually act as if they are off camera. The “behindthe-scenes” quality of Meister's fame is explored to trace some of the ways in which MTV's construction of celebrity challenges past notions of televisual fame. Ultimately, this article considers the implications of reality TV's blurring of the distinction between par...
Ownership Preferences, Competitive Heterogeneity, and Family‐Controlled Businesses

This article models ownership concentration, owner preferences, and competitive advantage. It argues that ownership structure and owner preferences can give rise to resources and capabilities that increase firm profits. The model is then used to explain how successful family-controlled businesses (FCBs) differ from firms with less concentrated ownership and less successful FCBs. Because of their ownership concentration and reduced monitoring costs, many FCBs will have a resource surplus. That surplus and the tendency toward long-term investment among some FCBs create unique competitive opportunities under conditions we specify.
A congruence between link polynomials

Throughout, ‘link’ means ‘oriented link in S3’, and ‘polynomial’ means ‘Laurent polynomial’. Let L be a link; then denotes the oriented polynomial of L (see [2, 8]), written in Morton's variables (see [5]), and denotes the semi-oriented polynomial of L (see [3]). Let L have components K1, …, Kn. The total linking of L, denoted t(L), is the sum of the linking numbers lk (Ki, Kj) with 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n. Let f be a framing of L (that is, f assigns an integer to each Ki); then f(L) denotes the total framing of L (that is, the sum of these integers), and A(L, f) denotes the naturally associated union of annuli embedded in S3 Define the framed polynomial {L, f} (v, z) to be (–1)n plus (v−1–v)z−1 times the sum, over all non-empty sublinks K of L, of (where K has k components with 1 ≤ k ≤ n).
Development of a Dual-Handed Haptic Assembly System: SHARP

Virtual reality (VR) technology holds promise as a virtual prototyping (VP) tool for mechanical assembly; however, several developmental challenges still need to be addressed before VP applications can successfully be integrated into the product realization process. This paper describes the development of System for Haptic Assembly and Realistic Prototyping (SHARP), a portable virtual assembly system. SHARP uses physics-based modeling for simulating realistic part-to-part and hand-to-part interactions in virtual environments. A dual-handed haptic interface for a realistic part interaction using the PHANToM® haptic devices is presented. The capability of creating subassemblies enhances the application’s ability to handle a wide variety of assembly scenarios at the part level as well as at the subassembly level. Swept volumes are implemented for addressing maintainability issues, and a network module is added for communicating with different VR systems at dispersed geographic locations. Support for various types of VR systems allows an easy integration of SHARP into the product realization process, resulting in faster product development, faster identification of assembly and design issues, and a more efficient and less costly product design process.
The 90-degree rule in posterior ptosis surgery

To propose a guideline for ptosis clamp positioning to minimize the risk of globe injury during posterior ptosis surgery. Measurements of 20 consecutive patients, 40 eyelids, undergoing bilateral posterior ptosis repair surgery were taken; as a surrogate for needle tip position, measurement of the distance from the clamp base to the ocular surface was taken using a caliper with the clamp held at 90-degrees to the ocular surface and again at 45-degrees to the ocular surface. These measurements were compared to geometric predictions of the distance from the clamp base to the ocular surface. The average distance from the clamp base to the ocular surface when the clamp is held 90-degrees to the ocular surface was 7 mm, this distance decreases to 5 mm when the clamp is held 45° to the ocular surface. This coincides well with geometric predictions. Posterior ptosis surgery overall has an excellent safety profile; however, complications are possible, perhaps the most severe of which is inadvertent globe and/or corneal injury. The more acute the angle the ptosis clamp is held, the closer the clamp base, and subsequently the needle tip, is to the ocular surface as would be predicted geometrically. This coincides with closer proximity of the needle to the ocular surface during surgery. The theoretical risk of globe injury should decrease as the distance of the needle from the globe increases, and this distance is greatest when the clamp is held at a 90-degree angle to the ocular surface. This distinction becomes particularly important to consider in large eye morphology patients where the distance from the needle to the globe can approach 2 mm when the clamp is held at 45-degrees.
The association of homocysteine and related factors to brachial artery diameter and flow-mediated dilation

Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD) has been proposed as a measurement of the degree and severity of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to (1) evaluate the associations between BAFMD and homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6; (2) examine the influence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotypes on homocysteine levels and BAFMD; and (3) evaluate the effect of homocysteine on the baseline diameter of the vessel vs BAFMD. A total of 174 healthy research subjects were examined for BAFMD, homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and MTHFR genotype, nucleotide 677 C→T. The data indicated a significant inverse correlation between homocysteine and BAFMD (r = −0.1763, P = .02). There was a significant difference in BAFMD between MTHFR genotype groups (P = .01) (T/T vs C/C, P = .042; C/C vs C/T, P = .13; T/T vs C/T, P = .003). Homocysteine was significantly associated with the baseline brachial artery diameter (r = 0.1878, P = .013). The data confirmed a significant inverse correlation between baseline diameter and BAFMD (r = −0.3321, P = .0001). Regression analysis indicated that the MTHFR genotype, homocysteine, and age were significant predictors of BAFMD (P = .0001, r2 = 0.118). When the baseline brachial diameter was incorporated into the model, the effect of homocysteine on BAFMD disappeared. The present data indicate an association between homocysteine and BAFMD and reduced BAFMD in individuals with the MTHFR nucleotide 677 T/T genotype, despite similar blood values for folate and homocysteine. Finally, the data suggest that the effect of homocysteine on vascular reactivity is in part a consequence of its influence on baseline brachial artery diameter.
Functional studies and distribution define a family of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins

Functional expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in cerebellar granule cells requires stargazin, a member of a large family of four-pass transmembrane proteins. Here, we define a family of transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs), which comprise stargazin, γ-3, γ-4, and γ-8, but not related proteins, that mediate surface expression of AMPA receptors. TARPs exhibit discrete and complementary patterns of expression in both neurons and glia in the developing and mature central nervous system. In brain regions that express multiple isoforms, such as cerebral cortex, TARP–AMPA receptor complexes are strictly segregated, suggesting distinct roles for TARP isoforms. TARPs interact with AMPA receptors at the postsynaptic density, and surface expression of mature AMPA receptors requires a TARP. These studies indicate a general role for TARPs in controlling synaptic AMPA receptors throughout the central nervous system.
A Tactile Lifeline Applied to Couple Therapy

The lifeline activity described here can be used with a wide range of clients and presenting issues as a way to gather information or, as described here, as an experiential activity in couple thera...
The Chediak-Higashi syndrome.

1. Two siblings with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome are reported. One, a three-year-old boy, died with malignant lymphoma; the other, a six-year-old girl, is alive and well. 2. Results of studies of white blood cell function and antibody production were normal, indicating that the increased susceptibility to infection of some Chediak-Higashi syndrome patients is probably not attributable to abnormal leukocytes or to deficient antibody production. 3. Results of investigations of some aspects of tryptophan metabolism indicated an interesting, unique, and as yet unexplained absence of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the peripheral blood. 4. A review of the reported cases of Chediak-Higashi syndrome indicates that these patients have a striking predisposition to a peculiar type of malignant lymphoma. 5. An unusual perivascular infiltrate of histiocytes has been noted in postmortem sections of brain of patients with this anomaly. It is not clear whether this is a manifestation of the malignant lymphoma or a reflection of the basic disease process.
Pneumopericardium Leading to Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with Lung Cancer

Pneumopericardium resulting in cardiac tamponade in patients with lung cancer is not documented. We report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung complicated by pneumopericardium and subsequent cardiac tamponade. The patient underwent an urgent pericardial window with rapid improvement in symptoms. We discuss the possible pathogenesis and treatment options for this rare condition.
Regulating to Achieve Stability in the Domain of High-Frequency Trading

High-frequency trading has become a darling of capital markets debate. This debate thrives because the true and long-lasting effects of high-frequency trading are still unknown. On one hand, high-frequency trading evidences recent and powerful advances in trading technology; on the other, it is said to harness speed at the expense of fairness, prudence, and stability. In part because of this duality, the regulation of high-frequency trading in the United States has been slow to develop. Other nations, however, have been quicker to react and to promulgate laws that directly, or indirectly, affect high-frequency trading. This Note explores the legal responses to high-frequency trading across a multitude of nations. Drawing on insights from this global landscape, it proposes domestic structural reforms—such as a variable tick size regime, discrete call markets, and experimental order taxes— that would allow the positive potential of high-frequency trading to be realized, while minimizing its impact upon market stability. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 I. HIGH-FREQUENCY TRADING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 A. The Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 B. The Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 C. The Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 1. Market Making Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 2. Opportunistic Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 3. Market Manipulation and Other “Predatory” Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 1. J.D., University of Michigan, December 2015 (expected); B.A., Cornell University, 2010. I am grateful to Lauren Babst, Meg Twomey, and the MTTLR Volume 22 Notes team for their invaluable editorial assistance. A special thanks to Professor Michael Barr for providing thoughtful insight during this Note’s early days. Finally, gratitude towards my parents, Steven and Lisa, for their unwavering support.
Reliable Neighborcast

In this paper, we introduce a new communications paradigm, namely, reliable neighborcast, and present a reliable neighborcast protocol (RNP) that operates as an overlay on the existing reliable broadcast protocols. The protocol is intended for vehicle-to-vehicle communications networks that communicate the speed, position, and state of nearby vehicles to coordinate or control their operation. The implementation of RNP that we describe operates on top of overlapping groups that use the mobile reliable broadcast protocol and provides the guarantees and characteristics of that protocol to each neighborhood. The efficiency of the overlays - defined as the fraction of the received messages that apply to a neighborhood - widely varies. We present an efficient overlay for 1D networks, which is implemented in many highway applications. The characteristics of mobility are considered, and techniques are presented to eliminate delays as vehicles change neighborhoods and to move the underlying broadcast groups with the general flow of traffic.
A Variable-Stiffness Straight-Line Compliant Mechanism

In this research a variable-stiffness compliant mechanism was developed to generate variable force-displacement profiles at the mechanism’s coupler point. The mechanism is based on a compliant Robert’s straight-line mechanism, and the stiffness is varied by changing the effective length of the compliant links with an actuated slider. The force-deflection behavior of the mechanism was analyzed using the Pseudo-Rigid Body Model (PRBM), and two key parameters, KΘ and γ, were optimized using finite element analysis (FEA) to match the model with the measured behavior of the mechanism. The variable-stiffness mechanism was used in a one-degree-of-freedom haptic interface (force-feedback device) to demonstrate the effectiveness of varying the stiffness of a compliant mechanism. Unlike traditional haptic interfaces, in which the force is controlled using motors and rigid links, the haptic interface developed in this work displays haptic stiffness via the variable-stiffness compliant mechanism. One of the key features of the mechanism is that the inherent return-to-zero behavior of the compliant mechanism was used to provide the stiffness feedback felt by the user. A prototype haptic interface was developed capable of simulating the force-displacement profile of Lachman’s Test performed on an injured ACL knee. The compliant haptic interface was capable of displaying stiffnesses between 4200 N/m and 7200 N/m.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Polyvinyl Alcohol with Cadmium Iodide and Fructose as an Aqueous Mounting Medium

An aqueous histologic and cytologic mounting medium containing polyvinyl alcohol, cadmium iodide and fructose is described. It is used in the preparation of permanent slides and may be applied to sections stained and rinsed in water or in any concentration of ethyl alcohol. The medium forms a hard, tough, quick-drying film which adheres well to the slide and cover glass. It is nonfluorescent, clear, optically homogeneous, and isotropic; it does not admit bubbles under the cover glass or crystallize on drying. It prevents or minimizes the bleeding of many stains from the sections; a list of 60 dyes, mostly basic, is given. The fresh medium has a pH of 4.4. The refractive index of the fresh medium is nD20 1.4674; the dried film is nD 1.6020 which may be lowered to nD 1.5150 by decreasing the cadmium iodide in the formula. The viscosity at 25°C. is 7,299 centipoises. The medium has the following composition: distilled water, 40 g.; cadmium iodide, 34 g.; polyvinyl alcohol (Elvanol 51–05, du Pont's low viscos...
PERIOPERATIVE SURGICAL HOME PATHWAY FOR TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY PATIENTS PRODUCES IMPROVED OUTCOMES

Background The Perioperative Surgical Home (PSH) is a multi-disciplinary rapid recovery pathway aimed at transforming surgical care by delivering value and improving outcomes and patient satisfaction. Our institution developed a PSH pathway for total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients in March 2014. The Orthopaedic and Anesthesia Services co-managed the patients throughout the entire surgical process. Weekly meetings were held to discuss medical and social requirements for upcoming patients including disposition planning. All patients received day of surgery physical therapy, and anesthesia post-surgical pain control and medical co-management. We hypothesized that the PSH would provide enhanced care for THA patients. To our knowledge this is the first report on the PSH in a total joint population Methods We prospectively followed 180 THA patients from the PSH group (SH) and compared them to a group matched for age, body mass index (BMI), American society of anesthesiologist score (ASA), and Charleson comorbidity index score (CCI) that were not involved in the PSH (NSH). We used Wilcoxon, Chi square, and multivariate analysis to compare the groups for length of stay (LOS), total direct cost (TDC), complications, readmissions at 30 days, and discharge disposition location. Results No significant difference was found between the two cohorts with respect to age, BMI, ASA, or CCI. The average age, BMI, ASA and CCI were 64, 30, 2.5, and 3.6. The average LOS of the SH cohort was 2.1 days which was significantly lower than the NSH cohort at 3.6 days ( P P =0.006) regardless of age ( P =0.003) and ASA ( P =0.048). No significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to complications ( P =0.346), TDC ( P =0.883), or readmissions at 30 days ( P =0.637). Discussion The implementation of the PSH led to decreased length of stay and allowed more patients to be discharged to home, without an increase in complications or readmissions. We were able to accomplish this in patients with higher ASA and CCI scores which has not been the case in other rapid recovery programs. Effective care pathways require contribution and cooperation by multiple healthcare personnel throughout the phases of patient care. We feel that key factors contributing to the success of the PSH include post-surgical co-management by anesthesia, early physical therapy, and weekly meetings to discuss patients’ individual needs for disposition.
A Geometric Indexing Scheme for an Image Library

In this paper, the problem of creating and indexing an image library (an image database) of radiological images is addressed. The indexing of images requires the construction of abstracts of images and the design of tools and procedures that can use the abstracts along with the user query to provide indices into the image library as a reply to the query. We propose a framework for creating geometric abstracts and general purpose geometric reasoning tools for this purpose. We report the results of using this framework to index gated MR images of the heart.
Unmanned State Aircraft and Their Ability to Exercise Due Regard

In December of 2013, the manufacturer of a sense and avoid system successfully demonstrated, for the first time, the ability of an unmanned aircraft equipped with “due regard radar” to fly in proximity to other aircraft. Because ever-increasing numbers of unmanned aircraft are utilized more frequently and in numerous new and novel ways, this paper asks: Can an unmanned aircraft actually operate with “due regard,” as the radar’s designation implies, and as that phrase is currently used in US and international rules governing manned flight? Addressing that question requires an examination of what “due regard” means operationally (to what aircraft it applies, when it is required, and how aircraft flying under this rule “behave.”) Determining which aircraft may operate under due regard proves to be more complex than one might anticipate. The paper therefore presents some approaches for resolving that “applicability” difficulty. After exploring those issues, and reviewing available public information regarding the capabilities of due regard radar, the paper concludes with an assessment that technology appears to be sufficiently advanced to enable properly equipped unmanned aircraft to exercise due regard, though non-technical barriers may delay the widespread implementation of that ability.
Outpatient total shoulder arthroplasty: a population-based study comparing adverse event and readmission rates to inpatient total shoulder arthroplasty

Background The rate of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is rising, which has an impact on health care expenditure. One avenue to mitigate cost is outpatient TSA. There are currently no published reports of this practice. In this study, we determine the 30-day adverse event and readmission rates after outpatient TSA and compare these rates with inpatient TSA. Methods A retrospective cohort study using a population database in the United States was undertaken. Patients who underwent primary TSA between 2005 and 2014 were identified and divided into 2 cohorts based on length of stay (LOS): outpatient TSA (LOS 0 days) and inpatient TSA (LOS >0 days). Patient and procedure characteristics were collected. The 30-day adverse event and readmission rates were calculated for each cohort. A multivariate logistic regression determined if the odds of an adverse event or readmission were significantly different between the inpatient and outpatient TSA cohorts. Results Overall, 7197 patients in this database underwent TSA between 2005 and 2014, of which 173 patients (2.4%) underwent outpatient TSA. The 30-day adverse event rate in the outpatient and inpatient TSA cohorts was 2.31% and 7.89%, respectively. The 30-day readmission rate in the outpatient and inpatient TSA cohorts was 1.74% and 2.93%, respectively. In the multivariate logistic regression, the odds of an adverse event or readmission were not significantly different (odds ratio of 0.4 [ P = .077] and odds ratio of 0.7 [ P = .623], respectively). Conclusion There are no significant differences in the 30-day adverse event and readmission rates between outpatient and inpatient TSA. In the appropriately selected patient, outpatient TSA is safe and cost-effective.
POF-Darts: Geometric adaptive sampling for probability of failure

Abstract We introduce a novel technique, POF-Darts, to estimate the Probability Of Failure based on random disk-packing in the uncertain parameter space. POF-Darts uses hyperplane sampling to explore the unexplored part of the uncertain space. We use the function evaluation at a sample point to determine whether it belongs to failure or non-failure regions, and surround it with a protection sphere region to avoid clustering. We decompose the domain into Voronoi cells around the function evaluations as seeds and choose the radius of the protection sphere depending on the local Lipschitz continuity. As sampling proceeds, regions uncovered with spheres will shrink, improving the estimation accuracy. After exhausting the function evaluation budget, we build a surrogate model using the function evaluations associated with the sample points and estimate the probability of failure by exhaustive sampling of that surrogate. In comparison to other similar methods, our algorithm has the advantages of decoupling the sampling step from the surrogate construction one, the ability to reach target POF values with fewer samples, and the capability of estimating the number and locations of disconnected failure regions, not just the POF value. We present various examples to demonstrate the efficiency of our novel approach.
Paleolithic People, Paleolithic Landscapes

The zooarchaeological record from Late Paleolithic Southwest Europe provides a means to understand how hunter–gatherers interacted with the landscapes in which they lived. In this chapter, I define the basic concepts on which this volume rests—landscape, zooarchaeology, Late Paleolithic, Southwest Europe—and explain how a study of archaeofaunas from this time and place can help us better understand human–environment interactions.
Abstract TMP102: Do Statins Decrease Mortality and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage? - Results from a Meta-Analysis

Background: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) induced cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with aSAH. Recently, there has been growing interest in the use of statins, which raises cerebral endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression, improves endothelial function, increases cerebral blood flow and has been shown to protect against ischemia. However, the effect of statins use for patients with aSAH remain controversial with mixed results, with a latest meta-analysis demonstrating that statins have a potential benefit with regards to mortality and DCI. Methods: All randomized, placebo-controlled trials studying the effect of statins on vasospasm, DCI, poor neurological outcomes and death in aSAH were included. Search was done primarily using Medline (PubMed), where a total of 140 studies were identified using the search terms ‘statins’ and ‘subarachnoid hemorrhage’. The search was then narrowed down to 47 items, from which 7 studies were included for the final analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the comprehensive meta-analysis software RevMan version 5.3 to obtain the odds ratio (risk ratio) estimates and also the forest plot comparisons. Results: In 7 studies, a total of 1052 patients were analyzed, 515 in the ‘statins’ group and 537 in the ‘placebo’ group were compared. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regards to vasospasm observed with transcranial doppler (Odds ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.68to 1.24]), poor neurological outcomes ( OR 0.97, [95% CI, 0.74-1.27]), and death (OR 0.74 [95% CI, 0.49-1.12])(Fig.4). A trend towards decreased risk of DCI was seen with the use of statins (OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.57-1.09) (Figures 1-4). The mean follow up was about 6 months. Conclusion: Statins have no benefit in terms of mortality, cerebral ischemia, DCI or poor neurological outcomes when compared to placebo in patients with aSAH. The current study does not support the routine use of statins for all patients with aSAH.
Influences of Constant Light Intensity

As the preceding chapter has made clear, the interpretive vehicle proposed here, to account for general properties of the wake-sleep rhythm, is not a unique and highly specified model for the pacemaker system, but instead a broad general class of models. In order to avoid extensive repetition in this and subsequent chapters of phrases like “the class of models which is being considered here,” or “the general kind of models under examination,” it will be convenient to have a shorthand name; for that purpose, I will use the term, Coupled Stochastic System.4 A Coupled Stochastic System is here defined, then, as a model of that general class which incorporates the kind of mutual coupling described in Chap. 4, although not necessarily based upon an identical set of equations or parameters.
Abstract 4708: Mammalian glutamine metabolism controls circadian rhythm through regulation of reactive oxygen species

Circadian rhythms are twenty-four hour physiologic cycles present in all eukaryotes that control a variety of organismal processes, including metabolism, but the role of metabolism in control of circadian rhythms is still not well understood. Peripheral clocks such as those present in the liver control metabolic pathways such as glucose metabolism and respiration as well as amino acid metabolism. It has been recently demonstrated that the availability of the metabolite NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) can feed back to control circadian rhythm. There is much interest in targeting glutamine metabolism in cancer, but it is still not fully understood how inhibition of glutamine metabolism affects normal cell physiology, including circadian rhythm. Here we show using the commonly-used circadian model U2OS osteosarcoma cells and other cell lines that glutamine withdrawal blocked proper circadian oscillation of gene expression. Glutamine withdrawal led to distinct and dramatic changes in circadian gene expression in several cell lines with highly different tissue origins, which could be rescued by addition of the cell permeable TCA-intermediate α-ketoglutarate. However, cells withdrawn from glutamine did not show signs of metabolic stress or impairment of the mTOR pathway. While alterations to histone modifications possibly stemming from impairment of αKG-dependent enzymes were observed, these did not explain the observed alterations in circadian rhythm. Rather, RNA-seq analysis of genetic changes after glutamine withdrawal and α-ketoglutarate rescue revealed strong induction of several genetic pathways associated with reactive-oxygen species (ROS) induction, particularly those resulting from chemotherapy or photodynamic therapy of cancer. Further supporting the importance of ROS in regulation of circadian rhythm, addition of cell permeable antioxidants rescued the disruption of circadian oscillation in the absence of glutamine. Finally, inhibiting expression of the key ROS-defense catalase phenocopied circadian rhythm disruption observed after glutamine withdrawal. Together, these data suggest that glutamine availability and metabolism are critical to support circadian rhythm and gene expression through modulation of intracellular ROS, and furthermore that cancer treatments that lead to induction of ROS could affect normal cellular circadian rhythm. We thank the following funding: NIH F32CA180370, NIH F32CA174148, NIH R01CA051497, LLS 610614 Citation Format: Brian J. Altman, Zachary E, Stine, Annie L. Hsieh, Ralph J. Deberardinis, Chi V. Dang. Mammalian glutamine metabolism controls circadian rhythm through regulation of reactive oxygen species. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4708. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4708
Transsynaptic Signaling by NO during Learning-Related Synaptic Plasticity

Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to many forms of learning-related synaptic plasticity including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in hippocampus, LTP and LTD in cerebellum, and facilitation during classical conditioning in Aplysia. NO appears to play a variety of different transsynaptic signaling roles during these different forms of plasticity, including retrograde signaling, anterograde signaling, lateral signaling, and paracrine signaling. In most cases, however, it is thought to coordinate pre- and postsynaptic functional changes. During hippocampal LTP, NO also contributes to coordinated pre- and postsynaptic structural alterations, which may be early steps in the formation of new synapses. In addition, LTP involves a number of other transsynaptic messengers that are involved in the early stages of synapse formation as well. These findings suggest a possible unification of the seemingly conflicting evidence for pre- versus postsynaptic mechanisms of plasticity, because synapse formation would require both coordinated by transsynaptic signaling.
Chang Gung Technique of Alveolar Bone Grafting

A patient with cleft lip and palate usually has a residual alveolar cleft after primary lip and palate repair. The alveolar cleft, together with the adjacent buccal and palatal oronasal fistulae, will cause food particle retention or fluid regurgitation into the nasal cavity during eating.
Characterization of the mammalian DEAD-box protein DDX5 reveals functional conservation with S. cerevisiae ortholog Dbp2 in transcriptional control and glucose metabolism

DEAD-box proteins are a class of nonprocessive RNA helicases that dynamically modulate the structure of RNA and ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs). However, the precise roles of individual members are not well understood. Work from our laboratory revealed that the DEAD-box protein Dbp2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an active RNA helicase in vitro that functions in transcription by promoting mRNP assembly, repressing cryptic transcription initiation, and regulating long noncoding RNA activity. Interestingly, Dbp2 is also linked to glucose sensing and hexose transporter gene expression. DDX5 is the mammalian ortholog of Dbp2 that has been implicated in cancer and metabolic syndrome, suggesting that the role of Dbp2 and DDX5 in glucose metabolic regulation is conserved. Herein, we present a refined biochemical and biological comparison of yeast Dbp2 and human DDX5 enzymes. We find that human DDX5 possesses a 10-fold higher unwinding activity than Dbp2, which is partially due to the presence of a mammalian/avian specific C-terminal extension. Interestingly, ectopic expression of DDX5 rescues the cold sensitivity, cryptic initiation defects, and impaired glucose import in dbp2Δ cells, suggesting functional conservation. Consistently, we show that DDX5 promotes glucose uptake and glycolysis in mouse AML12 hepatocyte cells, suggesting that mammalian DDX5 and S. cerevisiae Dbp2 share conserved roles in cellular metabolism.
Weaning stress and gastrointestinal barrier development: Implications for lifelong gut health in pigs

The gastrointestinal (GI) barrier serves a critical role in survival and overall health of animals and humans. Several layers of barrier defense mechanisms are provided by the epithelial, immune and enteric nervous systems. Together they act in concert to control normal gut functions (e.g., digestion, absorption, secretion, immunity, etc.) whereas at the same time provide a barrier from the hostile conditions in the luminal environment. Breakdown of these critical GI functions is a central pathophysiological mechanism in the most serious GI disorders in pigs. This review will focus on the development and functional properties of the GI barrier in pigs and how common early life production stressors, such as weaning, can alter immediate and long-term barrier function and disease susceptibility. Specific stress-related pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for driving GI barrier dysfunction induced by weaning and the implications to animal health and performance will be discussed.
Scope versus speed: Team diversity, leader experience, and patenting outcomes for firms

Research Summary: How does the organization of patenting activity affect a firm's patenting outcomes? We investigate how the composition of patenting teams relates to both the scope of their patent applications and the speed with which their patents are approved, by examining the main effects of team members’ intra‐organizational diversity (based on affiliations with formal organizational units and informal organizational communities) and the moderating effects of team leader experience. We test our moderated mediation model in a sample of 121 teams that filed patents in a Fortune 50 company's India R&D center between 2005 and 2015, using proprietary employee data combined with newly released micro‐data from the U.S Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Our findings illuminate the micro‐foundations of innovation in firms by highlighting a trade‐off between organizing patenting activity to maximize scope versus speed. Managerial Summary: Patenting is an important strategic tool that firms can use to protect and create value from their innovations. A firm can benefit from filing a patent application that gives it a wider possible set of claims related to an innovation. It can also benefit from faster approval of a patent application by the Patent Office. However, our study shows that there is a trade‐off between patent application scope and patent approval speed, which creates tensions for the organization of patenting activities inside firms. In particular, we find that the diversity of a patenting team is positively related to patent scope but negatively related to patenting speed, and that these relationships vary with the experience of the team leader.
Pendekatan Hukum dan Ekonomi Terhadap Kejahatan Pemerkosaan (Economic Analysis of Rape Crime: An Introduction)

Paper ini membahas penggunaan pendekatan ilmu ekonomi terhadap hukum (atau pendekatan Hukum dan Ekonomi) dalam menganalisis kejahatan pemerkosaan. Dari sudut pandang Hukum dan Ekonomi, kejahatan pemerkosaan bersifat unik karena rendahnya “biaya” untuk melakukan pemerkosaan sehingga terdapat insentif yang cukup besar bagi para pelakunya untuk melakukan kejahatan tersebut. Oleh karenanya, untuk dapat mengurangi tingkat kejahatan pemerkosaan, diperlukan penyusunan kebijakan yang berorientasi pada penciptaan insentif yang tepat bagi setiap pihak yang terlibat, baik dari korban, pelaku, penegak hukum maupun masyarakat secara umum(This paper discusses the use of economic analysis of law (or Law and Economics) in analyzing rape crime. From Law and Economics point of view, rape crime is unique due to the crime's inherent low costs, giving a strong incentive to rapist to conduct his criminal activities. Therefore, in order to reduce the rates of rape crime, it is necessary to design a policy which is oriented toward giving the correct incentives to all relevant parties, including the victims, rapists, law enforcer, and the public in general)
Group Summary: Advanced Asymptotics — II

Asymptotic methods provide knowledge of the relevant scales of a problem and of its underlying physical structure. In this section of the volume, three papers are presented which depend heavily on asymptotic methods and one which reviews the phenomenon of vortex breakdown by considering the order of magnitude of terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. This latter paper by Stanley Beiger, sheds light on the role viscosity has in changing the character of the equations and in decelerating the flow along its axis. The other three papers make use of asymptotic methods to study the stability boundary layers and shear layers.
A Dual-Phase Output 4-Leg Inverter with Active Decoupling and Integrated Power Optimizer for Off-Grid Applications

This paper presents an active decoupling technique for a dual phase output inverter with an integrated power optimizer for off-grid applications. The proposed method employs a half bridge with passive elements (L-C) to balance the output and actively compensate for twice the frequency power ripple in the dc-link, The closed loop control adjusts for varying load conditions. Further, an integrated power optimizer (PO) provides interface of solar-pv and battery to the dc-link, The PO stage (half bridge) is controlled such that maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved for the connected pv-array and independent charge/discharge functions of the battery. Simulation and experimental results verify the performance of the proposed technique under balanced, unbalanced load, non-linear conditions as well as fault condition.
Diffusion of Rodlike Polymers: Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo NMR of Poly(γ-stearyl-α,l-glutamate) Solutions and the Importance of Helix Stability

Many natural and synthetic polymers and particles have a rodlike shape, leading to important and intriguing solution behavior, such as high intrinsic viscosities and liquid crystalline phases. Much of what is known about suspensions of rods has been learned by studying helical polypeptides, even though such molecules are not perfectly rigid, smooth cylinders. Previous optical tracer self-diffusion studies of poly(γ-benzyl-α,l-glutamate) (PBLG) revealed that the molecule initially resists topological constraints imposed by neighboring molecules, but diffusion strongly decreases as concentration rises beyond a certain number density. In contrast, the tracer self-diffusion coefficient of truly rigid tobacco mosaic virus begins decreasing immediately with concentration. We used pulsed gradient spin echo NMR to measure another polypeptide, poly(γ-stearyl-α,l-glutamate) (PSLG), to gain physical insight into the question of polypeptide diffusion in crowded isotropic solutions. The PSLG molecule, with long alkyl sidechains, is semiflexible like PBLG but does not exhibit the same ability to evade topological constraints. Instead, PSLG follows a simple exponential decay, D/ DKR = A e(-κν/ν*) + B, where DKR is the Kirkwood-Riseman expectation for rod diffusion, ν is the number density of rods, ν* is the Onsager expectation for the number density at the onset of liquid crystal formation, A = 1 ± 0.1, B = 0.1 ± 0.01, and κ = 4.5 ± 0.5. The results emphasize the importance of helix stability when choosing rodlike polypeptides as model systems, particularly with regard to the chain ends.
Cost-Effectiveness of a US National Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax With a Multistakeholder Approach: Who Pays and Who Benefits.

Objectives. To estimate the health impact and cost-effectiveness of a national penny-per-ounce sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax, overall and with stratified costs and benefits for 9 distinct stakeholder groups.Methods. We used a validated microsimulation model (CVD PREDICT) to estimate cardiovascular disease reductions, quality-adjusted life years gained, and cost-effectiveness for US adults aged 35 to 85 years, evaluating full and partial consumer price pass-through.Results. From health care and societal perspectives, the SSB tax was highly cost-saving. When we evaluated health gains, taxes paid, and out-of-pocket health care savings for 6 distinct consumer categories, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranged from $20 247 to $42 662 per quality-adjusted life year for 100% price pass-through (incremental cost-effectiveness ratios similar with 50% pass-through). For the beverage industry, net costs were $0.92 billion with 100% pass-through (largely tax-implementation costs) and $49.75 billion with 50...
Counting consecutive pattern matches in Sn(132) and Sn(123)

Abstract In this paper, we study the distribution of consecutive patterns in the set of 123-avoiding permutations and the set of 132-avoiding permutations, that is, in S n ( 123 ) and S n ( 132 ) . We first study the distribution of consecutive pattern γ-matches in S n ( 123 ) and S n ( 132 ) for each length 3 consecutive pattern γ. Then we extend our methods to study the joint distributions of multiple consecutive patterns. Some more general cases are discussed in this paper as well.
Abstract 362: Aortic Valve Hamartoma: A Rare Valvular Tumor Mimicking Infective Endocarditis

A 46 YO female with PMH of DM2, HTN, Morbid obesity presented to hospital with chief complaint of chest pain, fever and SOB. She had recent hospitalization and was managed for abdominal wall absces...
BEOL Process Development Using Fast Power Cycling on Test Structures

Power semiconductors used in automotive applications are exposed to higher temperatures and higher currents than devices used in consumer products. The qualification of these devices includes power-temperature cycling (PTC) stresses on fully integrated structures where the devices are powered on and off during cyclic temperature stresses. These PTC stresses are time consuming and can require device redesign if fails are observed. Use of a simple power cycling (PC) stress, with simple test structures, can serve as a rapid assessment tool for process development. The PC test has no decoupling of current stress from temperature stress, meaning that electromigration and thermomechanical stress effects are applied simultaneously. The determination of the physics of failure is helpful to understand how to modify the process for robustness during development cycles. In this work it is shown how different back-end architectures influences the time to failure of the devices under the PC stress tests.
Year‐long Research Experiences in Drug Discovery May Lead to Positive Outcomes for Transfer Students

Conceptual understanding of biochemistry and success in science can be challenging for transfer students when transitioning into a degree plan from another institution. These goals may be more read...
Critical Ethnic Studies in Education: Revisiting Colonialism, Genocide, and US Imperialism–An Introduction

A critical ethnic studies in education is a way to extend or push notions of equity and justice in education. It is necessary given the deleterious impact of neoliberal policies and practices that ...
Urinary Incontinence and Nocturia in Older Men: Associations with Body Mass, Composition and Strength in the Health ABC Study.

Purpose:In younger men lower body mass is associated with fewer urinary symptoms, including incontinence and nocturia. However, lower body mass may have different implications in older men due to a...