cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decentralized Offload-based Execution on Memory-centric Compute Cores

With the end of Dennard scaling, power constraints have led to increasing compute specialization in the form of differently specialized accelerators integrated at various levels of the general-purpose system hierarchy. The result is that the most common general-purpose computing platform is now a heterogeneous mix of architectures even within a single die. Consequently, mapping application code regions into available execution engines has become a challenge due to different interfaces and increased software complexity. At the same time, the energy costs of data movement have become increasingly dominant relative to computation energy. This has inspired a move towards data-centric systems, where computation is brought to data, in contrast to traditional processing-centric models. However, enabling compute nearer memory entails its own challenges, including the interactions between distance-specialization and compute-specialization. The granularity of any offload to near(er) memory logic would impact the potential data transmission reduction, as smaller offloads will not be able to amortize the transmission costs of invocation and data return, while very large offloads can only be mapped onto logic that can support all of the necessary operations within kernel-scale codes, which exacerbates both area and power constraints. For better energy efficiency, each set of related operations should be mapped onto the execution engine that, among those capable of running the set of operations, best balances the data movement and the degree of compute specialization of that engine for this code. Further, this offload should proceed in a decentralized way that keeps both the data and control movement low for all transitions among engines and transmissions of operands and results. To enable such a decentralized offload model, we propose an architecture interface that enables a common offload model for accelerators across the memory hierarchy and a tool chain to automatically identify (in a distance-aware fashion) and map profitable code regions on specialized execution engines. We evaluate the proposed architecture for a wide range of workloads and show energy reduction compared to an energy-efficient in-order core. We also demonstrate better area efficiency compared to kernel-scale offloads.
A noncanonical heme oxygenase specific for the degradation of c-type heme

Heme oxygenases (HOs) play a critical role in recouping iron from the labile heme pool. The acquisition and liberation of heme iron are especially important for the survival of pathogenic bacteria. All characterized HOs, including those belonging to the HugZ superfamily, preferentially cleave free b-type heme. Another common form of heme found in nature is c-type heme, which is covalently linked to proteinaceous cysteine residues. However, mechanisms for direct iron acquisition from the c-type heme pool are unknown. Here we identify a HugZ homolog from the oligopeptide permease (opp) gene cluster of Paracoccus denitrificans that lacks any observable reactivity with heme b and show that it instead rapidly degrades c-type hemopeptides. This c-type heme oxygenase catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of the model substrate microperoxidase-11 at the β- and/or δ-meso position(s), yielding the corresponding peptide-linked biliverdin, CO, and free iron. X-ray crystallographic analysis suggests that the switch in substrate specificity from b-to c-type heme involves loss of the N-terminal α/β domain and C-terminal loop containing the coordinating histidine residue characteristic of HugZ homologs, thereby accommodating a larger substrate that provides its own iron ligand. These structural features are also absent in certain heme utilization/storage proteins from human pathogens that exhibit low or no HO activity with free heme. This study thus expands the scope of known iron acquisition strategies to include direct oxidative cleavage of heme-containing proteolytic fragments of c-type cytochromes and helps to explain why certain oligopeptide permeases show specificity for the import of heme in addition to peptides.
Why Are Stroke Rehabilitation Trial Recruitment Rates in Single Digits

Background: Recruitment of patients in early subacute rehabilitation trials ( 6 months post-stroke. Preclinical studies suggest treatments be initiated sooner after stroke, thus requiring stroke rehabilitation trials be conducted within days post-stroke. How do specific inclusion and exclusion criteria affect trial recruitment rates for early stroke rehabilitation trials? Objectives: Provide estimates of trial recruitment based on screening and enrollment data from a phase II early stroke rehabilitation trial. Methods: CPASS, a phase II intervention trial screened ischemic stroke patients in acute care (18-months, N = 395) and inpatient rehabilitation (22-months, N = 673). Patients were stratified by upper extremity (UE) impairment into mild (NIHSS motor arm = 0, 1); moderate (NIHSS = 2, 3); severe (NIHSS = 4) and numbers of patients disqualified due to CPASS exclusion criteria determined. We also examined if a motor-specific evaluation (Action Research Arm Test, ARAT) increases the pool of eligible patients disqualified by the NIHSS motor arm item. Results: CPASS recruitment in acute care (5.3%) and inpatient rehabilitation (5%) was comparable to prior trials. In acute care, a short stay (7-17-days), prior stroke (13.5% in moderately; 13.2% in severely impaired) disqualified the majority. In inpatient rehabilitation, the majority (40.8%) were excluded for "too mild" impairment. The next majority were disqualified for reaching inpatient rehabilitation "too late" to participate in an early stroke trial (15% in moderately; 24% in severely impaired). Mean ARAT in the "too mild" showed significant impairment and potential to benefit from participation in select UE rehabilitation trials. Conclusions: Screening of ischemic stroke patients while they are still in acute care is crucial to successful recruitment for early stroke rehabilitation trials. A significant proportion of eligible patients are lost to "short length of stay" in acute care, and arrive to inpatient rehabilitation "too late" for an early rehabilitation trial. Additional screening of mildly impaired patients using a motor function specific scale will benefit the trial recruitment and generalizability. Trial Registration Number: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02235974.
Entrepreneurship: a unit experimentally implemented in secondary vocational home economics programs

In 1979/ a study was conducted to determine the status of female business owners in rural areas, and to compare the women-owned businesses with similar businesses owned by men. Respondents were deliberately selected from Chamber of Com­ merce lists of small-business owners. The invited sample in­ cluded 175 women and 144 men business owners. Fifty-six per­ cent of the invited sample responded to the mailed question­ naire. The data were analyzed by chi square tests. Significant differences between female and male small-business owners were found. Female small-business owners earned less money, started with less business capital, and had lower gross receipts than male small-business owners. Men had more years of managerial experience than women prior to business owner­ ship, yet women were older than men when they started their first business. Both men and women identified major business problems as, "reducing fixed costs," "following government regulations," and "selecting employees." Men, however, re­ ported these problems more often than women.
Enhancement of wind erosion by fire‐induced water repellency

[1] The occurrence of fire and the subsequent increase in wind erosion are known to affect vegetation dynamics in dryland landscapes. Fires act as a disturbance on shrubs and trees and expose the soil surface to the erosive action of wind, thereby affecting the loss and redistribution of soil nutrients. Despite the relevance of wind erosion and fires to the dynamics of arid ecosystems, the interactions between these two processes remain poorly understood. We have investigated how a representative water repellent organic compound released by burning biomass and absorbed in the soil may enhance soil erodibility. To this end, we carried out a series of wind tunnel experiments, laboratory tests, and theoretical analyses to assess the effect of fire-induced water repellency on the soil susceptibility to wind erosion. The experiments were carried out using clean, well-sorted sand which was artificially coated with palmitic acid, a common water repellency inducing fatty acid found in most plants. The results indicate that fire-induced water repellency enhances soil erodibility, causing a drop in wind erosion threshold velocity. The results are explained by the effect of water repellent compounds on soil-water contact angle and on the strength of interparticle wet-bonding forces.
Boundedness and Consistency of Greedy Growing for Tree-Structured Vector Quantizes

The problem of designing a TSVQ from random data has received considerable recent attention. A key step in many methods of design is the application of a greedy growing algorithm to the empirical distribution of the data. In applications of interest to us these empirical distributions are of vectorial pixel intensities. Here we analyze the behavior of the greedy growing algorithm when it is applied to the true underlying distribution of the observations, and we show that quantizers produced from large data sets will be close to quantizers produced from the true distribution.
WOLFFLIN’S CONCEPT OF STYLE AND ITS RELATION TO THE CHIKAN EMBROIDERY

Chikan embroidery holds significance owing to its royal patronage and origin that is discussed in the paper. The scholarship also points out striking similarities between the motifs used in chikan embroidery and those used on Mughal architecture. A comparative analysis of the two motifs (chikan motif and Mughal Architectural motif), is done in the first half of the paper by using Wolfflin’s concept of National style as a methodology which also helps in tracing chikan ’s origin and royal patronage. While studying and researching on the Lucknawi Chikan Sari from the Losee Collection, it has been concluded by data analysis that floral Chikan motifs used on the sari in question bear a striking resemblance to the architectural decorations in relief or embossed motifs, and the Mosaic tile decorations visible on the Mughal monuments in India that were built during the 16 th and following centuries. In order to prove this notion it is essential to do a detailed analysis of chikan embroidery by tracing its historical reconstruction, origin, similarity and comparison with decorative Mughal architectural motifs by applying the compare and contrast principles of Wolfflin. There is currently no existing scholarship, which uses Wolfflin’s compare and contrast principles and concept of style as a methodology in order to do a comparative analysis of the floral motifs used in Chikan embroidery and the relief and embossed decorative motifs and mosaic tile decorations used on Mughal Architecture from 16 th century onwards. Thus, this comparison and association will be discussed in detail for the first time in this paper .The close association between these two motifs is proven by using Wolfflin’s concept of National style as a methodology to do an in-depth analysis of the two discussed motifs. Wolffflin’s scholarship on National Style aids in tracing chikan embroidery’s origin and patronage. The second half of the paper uses Wolfflin’s concept of Individual Style and Period Style as a methodology to do a technical analysis of the c hikan embroidery from the Lucknow region also referred to as Lucknawi chikan embroidery. This part of the paper discusses, as well as compares the differences and changes in the style of Lucknawi chikan embroidery and stitches used in various periods from the 1950’s through the 21 st century in the craft of chikan from Lucknow region.
Large-area star counting and correlations with CO and IRAS observations: Preliminary results for the region around NGC 281 (S 184)

We are developing an automatic star-counting method that will quickly and reliably recognize both bright and faint stars, and that will do so in fields complicated by the presence of irregular, diffuse optical emission. To guide construction of the stellar image recognition algorithm, and to check the method for reliability, we have manually counted stars in a 2 X 2 degree test field. Here we discuss novel aspects of our counting method and consider two applications of the map of blue extinction produced from our star counting of the region around NGC 281: (1) we use the ratio of infrared intensity at 100µm to extinction as a probe of dust temperature; and (2) we examine the correlation of extinction to CO spectral line intensity.
Catching Copper in the Act

Many important biological processes catalyzed by metalloproteins involve reactive metal-diatom intermediates that have been difficult to characterize. In their perspective, [ Aboelella et al .][1] discuss new work ([ Tocheva et al .][2], [ Prigge et al .][3]) in which binding modes for adducts of the simple diatomics NO and Oto single copper sites in the proteins nitrite reductase and peptidylglycine-hydroxylating monooxygenase, respectively, have been characterized by x-ray crystallography. These structures of novel reactive intermediates raise interesting questions about the mechanisms of catalysis by the metalloenzymes. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/304/5672/836 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/304/5672/867 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/304/5672/864
Genital herpes and HIV infection: Can we still exploit the intimate relationship?

South Africa is suffering the most severe HIV epidemic on earth. Prior to emergence of HIV/AIDS, conventional sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were endemic in many underprivileged communities as a result of many social factors. Since conventional STIs may act as co-factors in both acquisition and transmission of HIV, it was initially thought that improved treatment of these infections would result in a reduction of HIV transmission. As the HIV epidemic matured, the aetiological agents causing genital ulcer disease changed, with genital herpes emerging as the most potent STI co-factor in HIV spread. Despite learning more about herpes simplex virus/HIV interactions, attempts to utilise this knowledge to design HIV prevention strategies proved disappointing. However, the lessons learned may prove to be valuable in the future.
Sufism in Medieval Muslim Societies

Taking under consideration major historiographical and interpretive trends associated with recent western scholarship on the topic, this article furnishes a broad schematic overview of basic issues pertaining to the development, place, meaning, and role of Sufism in medieval Muslim societies.
Lectures on differential Galois theory

Differential ideals The Wronskian Picard-Vessiot extensions Automorphisms of Picard-Vessiot extensions The structure of Picard-Vessiot extensions The Galois correspondence and its consequences The inverse Galois problem.
Shakespeare’s Schoolroom

Review of Lynn Enterline. Shakespeare’s Schoolroom: Rhetoric, Discipline, Emotion . Philadelphia: U Penn P, 2012.
UML and platform-based design

This chapter presents a specification technique based on UML for the design of embedded systems and platforms. It covers stereotypes and extended notations to represent platform services and their attributes in embedded software development. It also presents a design methodology for embedded systems that is based on platform-based design principles.
Thermal pulse study of the electric polarization in P(VDCN-VAc)

The thermal pulse technique was used to measure the electric polarization and its distribution in the alternating copolymer of vinylidene cyanide and vinyl acetate P (VDCN-VAc), with poling voltage and poling temperature as variables. The thermal stability of the polarization was evaluated at several ageing temperatures up to the glass transition temperature. The polarization was found to be proportional to the poling field up to 50 MV/m and very stable for ageing temperatures up to 150/spl deg/C. >
A Situation Assessment System for the Msel Eave-III Auvs

This paper describes a situation assessment system for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). This system is a result of research on knowledge-based guidance systems applied to AUVs, which is currently taking place at the Marine system Engineering Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. This paper gives the reader some background on the project, an introduction to the MSEL KBS architecture, and a description of how the situation assessment system is implemented. In a dynamic world with a complex mission, a mobile robot needs the ability to analyze its environment and its situation. We call this situation assessment. Since unplanned situations will most likely occur, the robot will need some ability to perform qualitative reasoning on its situation, before it modifies its original plan. This qualitative reasoning implies a system capable of building and maintaining a model of the vehicle's environment and itself. It also involves use of data from several different sources (sensor fusion) and combining these data into more abstract terms.
The use of stereoscopic disparity maps for extraction of weak targets in clutter

Experimental results are shown which demonstrate the utility of stereo techniques for the improved visibility of microwave targets in clutter. Stereo viewing by human observers is reviewed, and an automatic detector implementing stereo matching is described. >
Mechanisms for building intelligent messaging

Application messaging makes natural communications architecture possible because it integrates heterogeneous systems without sacrificing flexibility. Without application messaging middleware, application integration is not an easy task. It eliminates uncertainty in system development, conversion and maintenance. Application messaging enables programs to talk to each other across a network of unlike components-processors, operating systems, subsystems, and communication protocols using a simple and consistent application programming interface. Application messaging is the backbone for heterogeneous as well as distributed application integration. Intelligent application messaging is the process of achieving slick message flow though systems without swarming the message path.
MO-E-AUD C-02: Incorporating SPECT Functional Lung Images in Routine Treatment Planning for Lung Cancer

Purpose:SPECTlung perfusion images has been used to derive functional DVH for planning a decade ago (Marks et al 1994), however, it is still not widely used. The current study describes a method to incorporate functional images in routine planning based only on commercial TPS. Method and Materials: 12 patients were immobilized with the same Alpha‐Cradle on SPECT/CT combo unit and CT simulator. The SPECT was registered to the planning CT by registering the low‐resolution CT to the planning CT. The whole lung was divided into several sub‐volumes according to the pixel values of the perfusion image (PVPI) above the background. The lung functionality was assumed to be linear with the PVPI for up to 80% of its maximum value, as used by other investigators. The mean PVPI in each lung sub‐volume was used to defined the functionality weight factor. The V20function was determined based on the dose‐volume and weight factor for each sub‐volume. Results: The priority score was set for each sub‐volume according to the weight factor for IMRT optimization. For non‐IMRT plan, sub‐volumes with higher weight factors serve as avoidance structures for field optimization. The 22% (range 11–35%) lung volume had a weight factor ⩾ mean weight factor. The difference between perfusion weighted lung volume and actual lung volume was − 1565 cc (mean, range −491 to −3270 cc). V20function was smaller than V20 in 11 of 12 patient and the difference ranged from −0.4% to −12%. Conclusion: Because the exact relationship between lung functionality and PVPI is still uncertain, large bin number may not be required. Our method for reducing the number of functional bins to several/less than a dozen may still provide useful prediction for toxicity and significantly reduces the amount of effort in planning and can be routinely implemented in a clinical setting.
The effects of three different demineralization agents on osteopontin localization in adult rat bone using immunohistochemistry.

Immunohistochemical localization of osteopontin, a phosphorylated acidic glycoprotein, was compared in adult rat femur fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at 4° C for 48 h and demineralized at 4° C in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), modified Jenkin's solution, or 15% formic acid, until radiographs indicated demineralization was complete. Formic acid was also evaluated at room temperature. EDTA solution (15 days) resulted in intense staining of osteocytes, periosteal osteoclasts and osteoblastic cells in osteonal bone. Osteoblasts were negative in the periosteum. No megakaryocyte staining was present; however, occasional neutrophils in the bone marrow were non-specifically stained. Demineralization in modified Jenkin's solution (16 days) showed osteopontin localization in bone matrix, hypertrophic and articular chondrocytes, and osteocytes. In cortical bone, almost all cement lines demarcating osteons showed very dense labeling. In the bone marrow, occasional megakaryocytes were immunopositive and neutrophils were non-specifically stained. Jenkin's produced non-specific staining of skeletal muscle and connective tissue. Formic acid demineralization (14 days, 4° C) resulted in osteopontin expression in osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclast precursors, bone matrix, osteoid, cement lines, and chondrocytes; osteoclasts, although present in very low numbers, were also positive. More labeled osteoblasts could be identified compared to Jenkin's demineralization. Also more intense non-specific staining of the bone marrow neutrophils was obtained than with Jenkin's. Harsh, rapid demineralization with formic acid (4 days, room temperature) produced a loss in antigenicity demonstrated by a reduction in staining intensity not experienced with the 4° C protocol; however, osteopontin was still localized in bone matrix and hypertrophic zone chondrocytes. These results indicate that demineralization is compatible with retention of immunoreactive osteopontin in adult rat bone. Both EDTA and formic acid demineralization produce excellent immunostaining and are preferred over the modified Jenkin's solution to minimize background levels of non-specific staining.
Analytic approximations to the modon dispersion relation

Three explicit analytic approximations are given to the modon dispersion relation developed by Flierl et al. (1980) to describe Gulf Stream rings and related phenomena in the oceans and atmosphere. The solutions are in the form of k(q), and are developed in the form of a power series in q for small q, an inverse power series in 1/q for large q, and a two-point Pade approximant. The low order Pade approximant is shown to yield a solution for the dispersion relation with a maximum relative error for the lowest branch of the function equal to one in 700 in the q interval zero to infinity.
New rectangles for dynamic symmetry

Abstract Dynamic symmetry has been applied to artistic design ever since its development in 1920 by Jay Hambidge. Unfortunately, there has been a certain amount of prejudice against the system because of its debatable association with Greek vases. As a practical tool, also, it has been hindered by lack of a sufficient number of rectangles that are dynamically divisible. This limitation is removed by the present paper, which exhibits over 80 new dynamic rectangles.
Polypoid Sinusitis Mimicking Orbital Malignancy

A 15-year-old boy developed a rapidly progressive exophthalmos of 6 mm within two months. Radiologic evidence showed bony erosion, a palpable firm mass in the right upper eyelid, and mass blocking the right nares. This tumor was found to be polypoid sinusitis emanating through the lamina papyracea.
Brain MAP-2 phosphorylation is decreased following prenatal alcohol exposure in rats

The effects of prenatal alcohol treatment on the development and in vitro phosphorylation of specific neuronal phosphoproteins isolated from the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rat brains were studied. In vitro phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) was decreased in the frontal cortex but not the hippocampus of animals exposed prenatally to alcohol. Phosphorylation of additional phosphoproteins, including tau proteins, Synapsin I, and GAP-43, was not affected by prenatal alcohol exposure. Littermates of animals used for the phosphorylation assays showed impaired passive avoidance learning. These data demonstrate that the previously reported structural changes in the development of the cerebral cortex following prenatal alcohol exposure and behavioral deficits are accompanied by changes in the phosphorylation of the important cytoskeletal protein MAP-2.
Integration of ESPI and structural analysis to determine the impact of structural defects

ABSTRACT The identification of a defect and the ability to determine its impact on the structure provides the information needed to determine the resulting integrity of the structure. Electronic SpecklePattern Interferometry (ESPI) is used to help find defects. One shortcoming of ESPI is the inability to determine the impact of the defect on the overall structural integrity. Displacementand strain data from ESPI measurements can be used to determine the parameters of a structhre,thus providing a quantifiable means of determining the structural integrity. Parameter estimationtechniques provide the means to bring ESPI data and structural models together.An example of the integration of parameter estimation and ESPI displacement output on a fixed-free supported beam will be discussed in this paper. INTRODUCTION To illustrate the technique, consider the deformation of a beam that is fixed on one end and free on the other. Refer to Figure 1. This beam has a forcing function, F, applied to the end and acorresponding deflections. If the beam has no flaws, the equation describing its deflection is
The Wyoming-Modified Two-Rail Shear Test Fixture for Composite Materials

A significantly modified two-rail shear fixture with a new clamping concept and enhanced gripping capability has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated. This new fixture solves some of the major shortcomings associated with the ASTM Standard D 4255 Two-Rail Shear test procedure, including limited specimen gripping ability, the need for specimens with holes, and potential failure by out-of-plane buckling. The in-plane unidirectional ply shear properties of AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy were measured using specimens of [0/90]3S cross-ply orientation. Repeatable results and acceptable failure modes were obtained. The excellent gripping capability of the new test fixture was also demonstrated in tests of an AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy [±45]4S angle-ply composite, a very high shear strength material.
Competing versus complementary identities: Ukrainian‐Russian relations and the loyalties of Russians in Ukraine*

(1998). Competing versus complementary identities: Ukrainian‐Russian relations and the loyalties of Russians in Ukraine. Nationalities Papers: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 615-632.
Sexual Ethics Training in Seminary: Preparing Students to Manage Feelings of Sexual Attraction

Sexual boundary violations by clergy have received heightened media attention in recent years with far reaching implications for the long-term well-being of the Church as an institution. While much has been written about the causes and implications of sexual misconduct by clergy, very little research has addressed preventative efforts. Prevention begins in graduate school or seminary. How do seminary alumni perceive the quality of their training in the areas of understanding and maintaining sexual health as well as in managing feelings of sexual attraction in professional contexts? In this survey, 585 alumni from 5 evangelical seminaries answered questions related to their graduate training with regard to their coursework and training environments. Results suggest that minimal attention is given to both. Respondents were more likely than other helping professionals (i.e., psychologists) to believe that the experience of sexual attraction is unethical and to deny experiencing it in their professional contexts. Survey respondents reported coping with feelings of sexual attraction in a private, internal manner. However, respondents reported a surprisingly low incidence of sexual misconduct compared to previous research of clergy. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Glue condensation around a point source

Abstract Exact point source solutions in a classical Yang-Mills theory are considered. It is shown that only above the Mandula threshold can solutions exist with energy lower than Coulomb. Scaling is used to show the energy can be arbitrarily lower.
Inhibition of Leukocyte Adherence and Susceptibility to Infection

Leukocyte (WBC) adherence to endothelial cells (EC) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of microvascular injury. WBC-EC adherence is largely dependent on interaction between the WBC-CD18 complex and the endothelial ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Administration of monoclonal antibodies directed against CD18 and/or ICAM-1 inhibit WBC-EC adherence and have been reported to modulate ischemia-reperfusion and inflammatory injury. We asked the question, does inhibition of WBC-EC adherence by administration of monoclonal antibody directed against either CD18 (R15.7) or against ICAM-1 (R6.5) increase susceptibility to infection. New Zealand white rabbits were shaved and injected subcutaneously on their dorsum with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC No. 25923) at two sites each with 10(9), 10(8), 10(7), and 10(6) colony-forming units (CFUs). A second set of rabbits were injected subcutaneously with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC No. 27853) at two sites each of 10(8) and 10(7) CFUs. Animals were monitored for 1 week with daily determination of weight, temperature, WBC counts, hematocrit, and gross evidence of abscess formation. There were three blinded experimental groups; animals given R15.7 (2.0 mg/kg), animals given R6.5 (2.0 mg/kg), and controls given saline (2.0 ml/kg). Administration of the anti-CD18 antibody, R15.7, resulted in significantly increased rates of abscess formation following innoculation with S. aureus and with P. aeruginosa, compared to controls and to the animals given the antibody to ICAM-1, R6.5. The administration of R6.5 did not increase the incidence or severity of abscess formation.
Computation of critical groups in Fučı́k resonance problems

We obtain nontrivial solutions of semilinear elliptic boundary value problems with jumping nonlinearities that have resonance with respect to the Fucik spectrum both at zero and at infinity.
Mitosis in normal and regenerating planarians.

The rate of mitosis in planarians was measured by two methods. First, by tabulating the proportion of nuclei displaying metaphase mitotic figures after varying lengths of time in colchicine. Second, by measuring the total DNA in a colony of planarians as a function of time. The first method gave a rate of mitosis by non-regenerating Dugesia dorotocephala of 1.4 × 10−4 divisions/cell hour. This rate remains constant for the first 24 hours following decapitation but increases to 2.7 × 10−4 divisions/cell hour by 54 hours. The rate of mitosis in the blastema was no larger than that of the mesenchymal tissues of the older portions. Measurements of the total DNA versus time gave an estimate of the average rate of cell division for spontaneously fissioning planarians of 5.8 × 10−4 divisions/cell hour which, in view of the tendency of the colchicine method to underestimate the true rate, is in satisfactory agreement. The implications of these results for mechanisms of regeneration are discussed.
Selective chemical reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide, water, and ionic liquids

Abstract Alternative solvents such as supercritical carbon dioxide, water, and ionic liquids are receiving an increase of interest as better replacements for conventional solvents in chemical reactions. They have been called sustainable green solvents because they are highly promising reaction mediums for organic synthesis. This review presents an overview of some selected chemical reactions that have been developed in these green solvents with a particular emphasis on metal-catalyzed reactions.
Transitions in Symptom Cluster Subgroups Among Men Undergoing Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy.

BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer worldwide and in the United States. However, little information has been reported on the symptoms of men over time who receive radiation therapy. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to identify subgroups of men at pre- and post-radiation therapy on general and treatment-related symptoms and to determine transitions in subgroup membership over time. METHODS Men (n = 84) receiving radiation therapy completed questionnaires on fatigue, insomnia, pain, depression, anxiety, and sexual, urinary, and bowel problems at pretreatment and posttreatment. Latent class analysis identified subgroups. One-way analyses of variance determined subgroups differed on symptoms, participant characteristics, and quality of life. Latent transition analysis examined subgroup transitions over time. RESULTS At pretreatment, 4 subgroups were identified: resilient group, with little to no symptom reporting; adjusted group, with moderately high treatment-related symptoms, low insomnia, depression, and anxiety; distressed group, consistently high on most symptoms; and emerging group, with moderately high fatigue, depression, and anxiety with few treatment-related symptoms. At posttreatment, similar results were seen in groups to those at pretreatment: resilient, adjusted. and distressed groups with an impacted group having high pain, insomnia, depression, and urinary and bowel symptoms. Quality of life and participant characteristics further distinguished groups at pretreatment and posttreatment. Income level predicted a transition in group membership. CONCLUSIONS Men can be classified into distinctly different subgroups over time. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Assessment and intervention with men in subgroups such as distressed and emerging before and during treatment may lessen potential for remaining distressed or moving into impacted group where symptom severity is high at posttreatment. Interventions to reduce multiple symptoms are vitally needed.
In utero sister chromatid exchange analysis for detection of transplacental mutagens.

FETAL exposure to agents which damage DNA can result in birth anomalies, cancer and inherited abnormalities. In the present report we describe a new approach for the detection of fetal DNA damage through the enumeration of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in mouse fetal chromosomes. SCE can be identified as reciprocal exchanges of fluorescent intensities betweeen sister chromatids in metaphase cells which have divided twice in the presence of bromodeoxyuride (BrdU) (Fig. 1). Analysis of SCE has been shown to be a sensitive and reproducible means of detecting chemical mutagens and carcinogens1–9.
Propagation of Solid-State Transformations by Dehydration and Stabilization of Pseudopolymorphic Crystals of Sodium Naproxen

The presence of water molecules in the crystal structure of a pharmaceutical compound greatly affects its properties. Therefore, hydration and dehydration are among the most important reactions in ...
Performance of flat plate solar air heaters with optimum channel geometry for constant/variable flow operation

This study extends the applicability of the analytical criterion developed for estimating optimum channel geometry of conventional solar air heaters (SAHs) to other flat plate types. Assessment is made for two other basic types with flow over the absorber and on both sides of it. Heater performance characteristics are analytically determined over a wide range of channel depth-to-length ratios (D/L) and are compared with those of the conventional type, having a flow channel under the absorber. The effects of air mass flow rate, emissivity of channel plates and wind heat transfer coefficient on the accuracy of the criterion are also investigated. For these two SAHs, the criterion is found to be equally valid as it predicts the optimal (D/L) ratio that yields best performance. Further, the ratio of D/L=2.5×10−3 represents the criterion simplified version for variable flow operation.
On the mechanisms of the interocular light adaptation effect.

Abstract Lansford and Baker recently demonstrated that the adaptation state of the contralateral eye effects the sensitivity of the test eye during dark adaptation. Specifically, a smaller and dimmer contralateral preadapting field which partially overlaps the preadapting field seen by the test eye accelerates subsequent monocular dark adaptation. The present study replicated the interocular light adaptation (Lansford-Baker) effect and produced the same effect under different test conditions. By the use of limited wavelength contralateral preadapting fields it demonstrated the interocular light adaptation effect in both cone and rod segments of the dark adaptation curve and that the rod effect is larger. Both long and short wavelength contralateral preadapting fields enhanced the effect to the point of doubling its magnitude.
Statistical inference in multiperiod event studies

We examine several event-study test statistics that can be used to detect abnormal performance during amultiperiod event window. We demonstrate that one of the most commonly used test statistics does not, under the assumptions made, have the distribution claimed (standard normal), and thus tests using it will be biased. The magnitude of that bias is shown to increase with the length of the event window and can generally be expected to lead to excessive rejection of the null hypothesis. We also compare the relative power of alternative test statistics that are normally distributed and are straightforward to apply.
The Optical Properties of the Grating Interferometer

Observations made with the grating interferometer suggest that it may be useful for the study of fine structure. It is hoped that the peculiarities of the instrument and a satisfactory procedure for its application to a study of fine structure of spectral lines can be described in a later paper. At present certain optical properties of the instrument are catalogued. The optical properties are themselves interesting and will be found useful in discussing applications which may be described subsequently.
Identification of species-specific, non-cross-reactive proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi

The low specificity of diagnostic tests for Lyme disease is due to the fact that Borrelia burgdorferi possesses many antigenic proteins that are cross-reactive with other spirochetes and bacteria. The low sensitivity is a result of high (> or = 1:100) dilutions used for patient sera during testing to eliminate non-specific cross-reactivity. The present study was conducted to identify species-specific non-cross-reactive protein(s) of B. burgdorferi that might be used as antigen(s) in serologic tests. Whole-cell sonicates of B. burgdorferi were tested against pooled sera from patients with symptoms, signs, and serologic features diagnostic of Lyme disease (LD), rheumatoid arthritis, infectious mononucleosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, secondary syphilis, and from healthy individuals. Different LD pools were also tested against whole-cell sonicates of Treponema pallidum, Treponema phagedenis, Leptospira interrogans, and Escherichia coli. Comparison among patterns obtained by each serum pool revealed that IgM antibodies to species-specific 39-, 23-, and 22-kD proteins and IgG antibodies to 34- and 31-kD proteins were present only in the patients with LD and absent from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, infectious mononucleosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, secondary syphilis, and healthy individuals pools. These results suggest that 39-, 23-, and 22-kD proteins may be used in an IgM immunoassay for diagnosis of LD.
Effectiveness of Positive Hypothesis Testing for Cooperative Groups

Abstract In a rule induction problem positive hypothesis tests select evidence that the tester expects to be an example of the correct rule if the hypothesis is correct, whereas negative hypothesis tests select evidence that the tester expects to be a nonexample if the hypothesis is correct. We extend previous analyses of the effectiveness of positive and negative tests for ambiguous verification or conclusive falsification of hypotheses by emphasizing the importance of examples following positive or negative tests. Cooperative four-person groups solved rule induction problems from a single known example of the correct rule by proposing hypotheses and selecting evidence on each of four arrays on a series of trials. There were more examples following positive tests than negative tests. The transition probability from an incorrect hypothesis on trial t to the correct hypothesis on trial t + 1 was higher for positive tests than for negative tests, higher for positive tests followed by examples than positive tests followed by nonexamples, and higher for negative tests followed by examples than negative tests followed by nonexamples. Once the group proposed the correct hypothesis on trial t they were highly likely to continue to propose the correct hypothesis on trial t + 1.
Variation of Shuttle-flight Conditions with Loom Speeds

The flight conditions of the shuttle have a considerable effect on the loom efficiency and the quality of the fabric woven. Hence the shuttle oust be adjusted to fly smoothly as well as precisely in its passage through the loom. In this paper, the flight conditions of the shuttle are discussed in relation to an increased loom speed.
Transformation of a linear time-varying system into a linear time-invariant system

It is shown that any linear time-varying system can be transformed into a time-invariant one provided that its state transition matrix φ(t. t0) is known. In this paper two fairly large classes of linear time-varying systems that can be explicitly transformed into time-invariant ones without using full information on φ(t. t0) are identified. They are the algebraically invariable systems and the γ-algebraically invariable systems. These classes include the well known Floquet systems and the Euler systems as special cases. It is also shown that any commutative system is γ-algebraieally invariable. Explicit methods of finding the desired algebraic transformation and the tγtransformation are also given. Several examples are presented and their stability is discussed.
Notes on a stochastic game with information structure

The game described below appeared in conversations after a talk given by Lloyd Shapley at the Second International Workshop in Game Theory in Berkeley, Summer 1970. This was one of the problems circulating around the conference to which several participants contributed. The general problem is to study two-person zero-sum games with stochastic movement among subgames in which the subgame being played is not precisely known, but in which information about this aspect may be gathered or partially revealed by the strategy choices of the players, the actual game being played, and chance. Without stochastic movement among the subgames, such a game would be a repeated game of incomplete information defined and studied by the Mathematica Inc. group at Princeton 1966–1968; see the book of Aumann and Maschler, ‘‘Repeated Games with Incomplete Information’’, MIT Press, 1995. Granted that the problem is interesting, one searches for the simplest non-trivial example of the class and is led to the following game. Subgames. There are two basic subgames, G1 with matrix ð0 1Þ, and G2
A Preference for Deference: reforming the military's intelligence role in Argentina, Chile and Peru

In the past decade an effort to reform the military's role in defence institutions such as intelligence services has been underway across Latin America. Utilising the cases of Argentina, Chile and Peru, this article will argue that reform has occurred, but has been limited in terms of expanding civilian authority, and will offer a means of understanding the dynamics of intelligence reform. In particular, incentives for civilians to pursue complicated reform have been absent. The military's proven ability to operate its own intelligence agencies constitutes a disincentive. To examine the dynamics of reform, the analysis centres on three variables: the number of institutions involved in overseeing intelligence, the degree of presidential control, and whether military intelligence activities are overseen by the civilian government.
Exchange-rate dynamics in a model with imperfect capital mobility and asset substitutability

Abstract This paper analyses the dynamic properties of the exchange rate and the balance of payments in a model which allows for imperfect capital mobility as well as imperfect asset substitutability. We show that a monetary expansion leads to a short-run overshooting of the exchange rate depending upon the relationship between the degrees of capital mobility and asset substitutability.
Toward a Singleton Undergraduate Computer Graphics Course in Small and Medium-sized Colleges

This article discusses the evolution of a single undergraduate computer graphics course over five semesters, driven by a primary question: if one could offer only one undergraduate course in graphics, what would it include? This constraint is relevant to many small and medium-sized colleges that lack resources, adequate expertise, and enrollment to sustain multiple courses in graphics that spread out its vast and evolving content. We strive to include material that would provide (1) a basic but solid theoretical foundation, (2) topics, data structures, and algorithms that are most practically used, (3) ample experience in actual graphics programming and (4) a basic awareness of advanced topics. We have a secondary objective of relating and complementing computer graphics knowledge and programming with topics in other computer science courses to provide a more cohesive understanding to our students. We achieve both objectives by using an “early-scenegraphs” approach to progressively create graphics applications that use XML-based modeling and both pipeline-based and ray traced rendering. We report and analyze results that show how students were able to achieve more complex results within similar time periods while largely retaining prior average student performance in the course. Students also report higher rates of satisfaction with the course when it follows our proposed approach. Pedagogically our main contribution is an evolving blueprint for a single undergraduate CG course that offers flexibility to emphasize different aspects like modeling, rendering, etc. according to the instructor’s and students’ interests, while aligning the course better within the computer science curriculum especially when resources are limited.