cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Facebook Bras and #digitalharems: Fantasies of Mimesis and the Transgressions of Aliaa Elmahdy and Amina Sboui

AbstractThis article presents a horizontal reading of Aliaa Elmahdy's and Amina Sboui's corporeal interventions alongside the efficacy of digital platforms in order to consider how algorithmic and normative protocols related to content filtering on social media amplify certain forms of political communication while prohibiting others. I argue that readings of Elmahdy's and Sboui's bodily politics through the lens of liberal feminism rely on what I call discourses of mimetic networking, where particular mediated events become reterritorialized as part of an archival knowledge of ‘Arabness’. This is done through the organization of data via hashtagging and content moderation, and through rhetorics of techno-optimism that mirror ‘first contact’ narratives which gender, racialize, and flatten complex and fluid engagements with new media in non-US/European contexts. The article concludes with a consideration of how the persistence of their corporeality relays with both normative and programmatic parameters onl...
Examining the Technical Adequacy of Progress Monitoring Using Early Writing Curriculum-Based Measures

The purpose of this study was to examine 4 early writing measures used to monitor the early writing progress of 1st-grade students. We administered the measures to 23 1st-grade students biweekly for a total of 16 weeks. We obtained 3-min samples and conducted analyses for each 1-min increment. We scored samples using 2 different methods: correct sequences and correct-minus-incorrect sequences. Delayed alternate-forms reliability was strong for the 3-min increment. We established concurrent criterion validity using the Test of Early Written Language–2 as well as teacher ratings of writing proficiency. We analyzed growth using hierarchical linear modeling, which suggested that all 4 measures were sensitive to biweekly growth. We discuss the results in terms of technical adequacy, utility of the measures, and the ability of the measures to serve as indicators of progress in early writing skills.
Hybrid Modeling of Molecular Sensing and Catalysis in Low-dimensional Nanomaterials

We use hybrid quantum and classical modeling to describe recently observed molecular sensing at graphene grain boundaries and electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) on molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) flakes. In the sensing studies, classical and quantum molecular dynamics simulations are used to relax graphene with grain boundaries deposited on amorphous SiO2. Electronic structure calculations show how this graphene is locally doped by the substrate and adsorbed molecules, while electronic transport modelling reveals that the doping can lead to synchronous opening and closing of local electron transport channels, resulting in a very large observed sensitivity. In the catalysis studies, electronic structure calculations combined with ab initio molecular dynamics uncover that the metallic character and high d-electron density of molybdenum-terminated MoS2 edges and EMIM-ion delivery are responsible for the observed superior CO2 reduction performance, with a high current density and low ∼54 mV overpotential. The described mechanisms open up new pathways for the design of nanometer-scale highly sensitive chemical detectors and the development of inexpensive systems of CO2 conversion to energy-rich products. These studies illustrate how hybrid modeling techniques can explain complex transport phenomena in nanostructures.
Celebrating National Public Health Week

The author reflects on National Public Health week as well as what he considers major health-related issues facing the United States. Topics covered include Medicare and Medicaid coverage, smoking-reduction efforts, and the high rate of obesity among Americans. She goes on to suggest a greater emphasis be placed on preventative measures.
LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI. VII. MECHANISMS MAINTAINING GENETIC VARIABILITY WITHIN POPULATIONS.

Six replicate populations of the bacterium Escherichia coli were propagated for more than 10,000 generations in a defined environment. We sought to quantify the variation among clones within these populations with respect to their relative fitness, and to evaluate the roles of three distinct population genetic processes in maintaining this variation. On average, a pair of clones from the same population differed from one another in their relative fitness by approximately 4%. This within-population variation was small compared with the average fitness gain relative to the common ancestor, but it was statistically significant. According to one hypothesis, the variation in fitness is transient and reflects the ongoing substitution of beneficial alleles. We used Fisher's fundamental theorem to compare the observed rate of each population's change in mean fitness with the extent of variation for fitness within that population, but we failed to discern any correspondence between these quantities. A second hypothesis supposes that the variation in fitness is maintained by recurrent deleterious mutations that give rise to a mutation-selection balance. To test this hypothesis, we made use of the fact that two of the six replicate populations had evolved mutator phenotypes, which gave them a genomic mutation rate approximately 100-fold higher than that of the other populations. There was a marginally significant correlation between a population's mutation rate and the extent of its within-population variance for fitness, but this correlation was driven by only one population (whereas two of the populations had elevated mutation rates). Under a third hypothesis, this variation is maintained by frequency-dependent selection, whereby genotypes have an advantage when they are rare relative to when they are common. In all six populations, clones were more fit, on average, when they were rare than when they were common, although the magnitude of the advantage when rare was usually small (~1% in five populations and ~5% in the other). These three hypotheses are not mutually exclusive, but frequency-dependent selection appears to be the primary force maintaining the fitness variation within these experimental populations.
Response to post-axitinib treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Axitinib is a potent inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor family with clinical activity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Given this biochemical potency, the clinical activity of subsequent treatment with targeted therapies in patients progressing on axitinib is of interest. Patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma of any pathologic subtype treated with at least one cycle (four weeks) of axitinib followed by at least one subsequent targeted therapy were investigated in a retrospective analysis. Patient characteristics, duration of treatment and clinical outcomes were analyzed for axitinib and each subsequent line of therapy by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Twenty-five mRCC patients who received at least one approved targeted agent following axitinib were identified. Eight percent of patients achieved a partial response (one patient each to sunitinib and pazopanib) and 42 % had a best response of stable disease to the first therapy after axitinib. The estimated median duration of therapy was 4.4 months (range, 0.2–27.5+). Twelve patients received a second post-axitinib targeted therapy. Six out of 11 evaluable patients (55 %) had a best response of SD. The estimated median duration of treatment was 4.8 months (range, 0.7–19.1+). Objective responses and stable disease is observed to post-axitinib targeted therapies and prospective studies are needed for validating role of predictive biomarkers.
Decomposing the blocks of a Steiner triple system of order 4v-3 into partial parallel classes of size v-1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii 1 Background and Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 Known Results and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1 Known Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2 MOLS and RGDDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.3 KT Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.4 Main Lemmas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.4.1 Case 1: v ≡ 9 mod 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.4.2 Case 2: v ≡ 3 mod 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3 Conclusion and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Motivation and Cognitive Control

Introduction Chapter 1. Todd Braver Motivation and cognitive control Rewards, Cognitive Processing and Goal-Directed Control Chapter 2. Marcus Rothkirch and Philippe Sterzer The role of motivation in visual information processing Chapter 3. Brian Anderson and Anthony Sali The impact of reward on attention: Beyond Motivation Chapter 4. Ruth Krebs, Jens-Max Hopf and Carsten Boehler Within-trial effects of stimulus-reward associations Chapter 5. Mauricio Delgado, Susan Ravizza and Anthony Porcelli Motivational influences on cognitive control: The role of reward processing Chapter 6. Wim Notebaert and Senne Braem Parsing the effects of reward on cognitive control Chapter 7. Sanne de Wit and Anthony Dickinson Ideomotor mechanisms of goal-directed behavior Affect, Conflict and Self-Regulation Chapter 8. Hans Marien, Henk Aarts and Ruud Custers How goals control behavior: The role of action-outcome and reward information Chapter 9. Philip Gable, Lauren Browning and Eddie Harmon-Jones Affect, motivation, and cognitive scope Chapter 10. Gesine Dreisbach and Rico Fischer Conflicts as aversive signals: Motivation for control adaptation in the service of affect regulation Chapter 11. Blair Saunders and Michael Inzlicht Vigor and fatigue: How variation in affect underlies effective self-control Chapter 12. Clay Holroyd The waste disposal problem of effortful control Age-related changes in cognitive motivation Chapter 13. BJ Casey and Adriana Galvan The teen brain: "Arrested development" in resisting temptation Chapter 14. Shu-Chen Li and Ben Eppinger Lifespan development of adaptive neurocognitive representations: Reciprocal interactions between cognition and motivation Chapter 15. Todd Maddox, Marissa Gorlick and Darrell Worthy Towards a three-factor motivation-learning framework in normal aging Chapter 16. Thomas Hess and Brian Smith Linkages between age-related changes in the costs of cognitive engagement, motivation, and behavior Chapter 17. Ishabel Vicaria and Derek Isaacowitz Age-related changes in motivation: Do they influence emotional experience across adulthood and old age?
Seismic behavior of 500 kV zinc oxide lightning arresters with new typelead damper

500 kV zinc oxide lightning arresters are easily damaged under the strong earthquake action not only because the centre of gravity of the arresters is high so the flexural deformation taking up more proportion in all kinds of deformation under the earthquake action,but also because the porcelain column insulator being made of brittle materials are only subjected to limited bending moment.To avoid the damage on the equipments under the strong earthquake action,a new type lead dampers is installed at the bottom of the equipments.To investigate the damping effect of the lead dampers,a three-dimensional finite element model of arresters is established.The results of the analysis show that the lead dampers are well functioning,limiting the relative displacement and absolute acceleration at the top of bushing.There is a above reduction of 61% in the maximum stress of bottom porcelain pipe;and the stronger the input ground motion is,the larger the reduction will be.Moreover,the lead dampers can provide a rather initial stiffness to the arresters.It is proved that the three dimensional model of lightning arresters is reasonable by comparing the results of calculation with the results of testing.
Current status of ethosomes and elastic liposomes in dermal and transdermal drug delivery.

It is still not clear whether intact lipid vesicles can cross the human skin. Some reports in the literature indicate that transfersomes® can cross the skin. Other reports suggest that intact liposomes cannot cross the skin. Of course, the composition of the various formulations has to be taken into consideration before making such assertions. The present review examines the use of vesicles- elastic liposomes and ethosomes- for transdermal drug delivery. Liposomes are micro- or nano-structures formed from a bilayer of lipid surrounding an aqueous core. Elastic liposomes differ from conventional liposomes because they contain edge activators (surfactants) which impart elasticity and deformability. Ethosomes are efficient in facilitating percutaneous drug penetration. They are structurally similar to conventional liposomes in the sense that they are prepared from phospholipids but different because they contain a high concentration of ethanol. Both elastic liposomes and ethosomes are increasingly being used for delivering low and high molecular weight drugs. In this review, several reports are presented showing the usefulness of these vesicles and mechanistic insight sought as to why they may be effective in certain cases.
Identification of a uteroglobin-like antigen in human uterine washings *

A uteroglobin-like molecule was detected with a sensitive radioimmunoassay for rabbit uteroglobin in the uterine washings of women. This antigen was detectable only in small amounts in the uterine washings obtained from women in the late luteal phase or proliferative phase, but was detected in large amounts in uterine washings of women collected during the early and midluteal phases of the ovarian-menstrual cycle. Our findings suggest that antigenically similar portions of rabbit uteroglobin have been phylogenetically conserved in women, and that endometrial production and secretion of this human uteroglobin-like antigen may be hormonally regulated.
The Drosophila NSF Protein, dNSF1, Plays a Similar Role at Neuromuscular and Some Central Synapses

TheN-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF) was originally identified as a cytosolic factor required for constitutive vesicular transport and later implicated in synaptic vesicle trafficking...
Effects of Case Libraries in Supporting a Problem-Based Learning STEM Course:

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an instructional strategy that claims to support higher order learning as students attempt to resolve ill-structured problems. However, the research is somewhat mixe...
Forgotten Women of Educational Psychology: Redeeming Their Contributions in the 21st Century

The field of educational psychology developed into a salient sub-specialty of psychology between 1890 and 1920. Gender bias during the early years of psychology and educational psychology was well known and documented. At the beginning of the 21st century, Division 15 (Educational Psychology) of the American Psychological Association and the International Reading Association published histories of or related to educational psychology. These early 21st century histories continued to under-represent women’s contributions in psychology and education. The purpose of this article is to describe the continued marginalization and neglect in reporting historical contributions of women in educational psychology since 2000. Suggestions are provided for ways educational psychology can correct this injustice.
Too big to be mistreated? Examining the role of robot size on perceptions of mistreatment

Just as abusive behavior can play define the nature of a human-human interaction, mistreatment can play a similar role in Human-Robot Interaction. Earlier work demonstrated that people perceived a robot as more emotionally capable than a computer. This led to different perceptions of aggressive behavior (as mistreatment for a robot, but not so for a computer). This study is a follow-up to that work studying how much the morphology of a robot is responsible for changes in perceived emotional capability. We collected data from 80 participants. Participants interacted with a robot and a confederate who either acted aggressively or neutrally towards the robot. We hypothesized that a large robot would not be perceived as emotionally capable as a small robot, and that the large robot would not be seen as mistreated. The participants showed no significant perception of mistreatment toward the large robot. Participants also felt the large robot was less emotionally capable. We found that when verbal abuse was directed at a larger robot, participants would not consider such behavior mistreatment, but they would when similar abuse was directed at a child-size robot.
The networked, robotic home+ furniture suite: A distributed, assistive technology facilitating aging in place

We introduce and detail a novel, networked and interoperative suite of robotic furniture. This suite forms a key part of our development of home+, an assistive technology environment aimed at supporting aging in place. This paper elaborates the design and construction process for the three robotic furniture core elements of home+: a chair, featuring gesture-controlled assistive lift; a morphing side table; and an adaptive screen. The sensor suite, networking, and user interface for the system is described and discussed. We report on initial experiments with senior citizens using the system.
Graph theory as an invasive species management tool: case study in the Sonoran Desert

Biodiversity in arid regions is usually concentrated around limited water resources, so natural resource managers have constructed artificial water catchments in many areas to supplement natural waters. Because invasive species may also use these waters, dispersing into previously inaccessible areas, the costs and benefits of artificial waters must be gauged and potential invasion- and climate change-management strategies assayed. We present a network analysis framework to identify waters that likely contribute to the spread of invasive species. Using the Sonoran Desert waters network and the American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)—a known predator, competitor, and carrier of pathogens deadly to other amphibians—as an example, we quantified the structural connectivity of the network to predict regional invasion potential under current and two future scenarios (climate change and management reduction) to identify waters to manage and monitor for invasive species. We identified important and vulnerable waters based on connectivity metrics under scenarios representing current conditions, projected climate-limited conditions, and conditions based on removal of artificial waters. We identified 122,607 km2 of land that could be used as a buffer against invasion and 67,745 km2 of land that could be augmented by artificial water placement without facilitating invasive species spread. Structural connectivity metrics can be used to evaluate alternative management strategies for invasive species and climate mitigation.
Efficient solar provisioning for net-zero Internet-scale distributed networks

Internet-scale Distributed Networks (IDNs) are global distributed systems consisting of a network of hundreds of thousands of servers located in hundreds of data centers around the world. A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is an example of an IDN that delivers content globally through a large network of servers. IDNs consume large amounts of energy and their energy requirements are projected to increase significantly in the future. With carbon emissions from data centers increasing every year, energy solutions for data centers powered by renewables are critical for the sustainability of data centers and for the environment. In this paper, we study the benefits of using solar energy to green IDNs. We study the impact of leveraging global data center locations with high solar potential on the number of solar panels needed to power a CDN. We develop optimal algorithms and heuristics to help minimize the number of solar panels provisioned across the CDN, while making it net-zero. We empirically evaluate our algorithms using extensive load traces from Akamai's global CDN and solar data from PVWatts. Overall, with unrestricted load movement, we can reduce the number of solar panels by 36%, 68%, and 82% for net-zero year, month and week respectively. Our results show that our algorithms can significantly reduce the number of solar panels we need to power our CDN, thereby making sustainability of Internet-scale distributed networks more achievable.
Beta-2 Adrenoceptor

Beta-2 adrenoceptors are activated by the catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine, and are members of the adrenoceptor family of the 7-transmembrane superfamily of receptors. There are three beta adrenoceptor subtypes: beta-1, beta-2, and beta-3. The beta-2 adrenoceptor is the prototypical G protein-coupled receptor and much is known about its structure, function, and regulation. Selective beta-2 agonists include salbutamol, terbutaline, and salmeterol. Beta-2 adrenoceptors are implicated in diverse physiological functions in the body, especially in the pulmonary system and cardiovascular systems. Activation of adenylate cyclase through Gs is the classic, but not the only, mechanism of beta-2 adrenoceptor action.The beta-2 adrenoceptor has been the prototypical receptor for studying the desensitization, internalization, and down-regulation of receptors …
Dependence of the efficiency of spin Hall torque on the transparency of Pt/ferromagnetic layer interfaces

A systematic study of both the harmonic response and spin torque ferromagnetic resonance demonstrates that the spin Hall torque efficiency in a Pt-ferromagnetic (FM) structure is strongly dependent on the interface properties and the choice of the ferromagnetic materials, a key point that has until now not been made in spin Hall studies.
Mass Shooting Incident Response Optimization System: Development of Situational Aware Incident Response System

The number of mass shooting incidents have shown an increase from 2000 to now. With the increased number in this type of incident the number of victims has also increased. Post incident analysis reports suggest improvements in situational awareness could have reduced the number of deaths during the incidents. The application extends primary triage as an input to situational awareness, use of heuristic methods for efficient search for victims and optimized route for reaching victims and extraction. This research also proposes an inclusive process of dealing with the incident starting from when active shooter is neutralized to the point when victims are extracted from the scene, from the viewpoint of Emergency Medical Services (EMS).
An Extracorporeal Method for Estimating Blood Pressures During Roller Pump Cardiac Bypass

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses an extracorporeal method for estimating blood pressures during roller pump cardiac bypass. The proposed method of obtaining the left atrial (LAP) and the aortic pressures (AP) during roller pump bypass uses the extracorporeal pressures in the bypass circuit. This method would invariably lead to safer conditions for the patient. The chapter presents the result which indicates that there is a high correlation between the actual pressures in the head tanks (left atrium and aorta) and the pressures measured in the bypass tubing. The results appear to indicate that a simplified form of the energy equation can be used to model physiological and roller pump bypass flow. The results further indicate that the equations derived in this study may require more refinements in the correction factors and may need inclusion of an unsteady term to minimize the observed fixed errors. The results do suggest that the blood viscosity has a marked influence on the results of the pressure measurements in the bypass tubing. It may be necessary to repeatedly measure viscosity and update the inserted value in the equation. It appears feasible to estimate left atrial and aortic pressures during cardiac bypass from pressures measured in the bypass tubing with sufficiently high precision.
Investigating College Students' Reasoning With Messages of Risk and Causation

ABSTRACTLanguage of risk and causation pervades modern media sources. In response, statistical literacy is often framed as a critical means of understanding such discourse. At Michigan State Univer...
Lost medicines: a longer view of the pharmaceutical industry with the potential to reinvigorate discovery

It is widely understood that the 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendment to the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act ushered in the modern regulation of medicines requiring a combination of safety and efficacy. However, fewer appreciate the amendment was applied retroactively to virtually all medicines sold in the USA. For various reasons, many medicines faded into history. Here, we identify and analyze >1600 medicines (including over-the-counter drugs) and their innovators prior to the enactment of Kefauver-Harris. We report 880 of these past medicines are no longer accessible. This project also reveals new insight into the pharmaceutical enterprise, which reveals an industry already mature and beginning to retract before enactment of the legislation. Beyond its historical implications, the recollection of these medicines could offer potential starting points for the future development of much-needed drugs.
Synthesis of Multifunctional Homopolymers through Using Thiazolidine Chemistry and Post‐Polymerization Modification

Multifunctional homopolymers, defined here as polymers that contain multiple reactive functional groups per repeat unit, are versatile scaffolds for preparing complex macromolecules via post-polymerization modification. However, there are limited methods for preparing multifunctional homopolymers that contain more than one nucleophilic site per repeat unit. Herein, a strategy to synthesize a multifunctional homopolymer using thiazolidine chemistry is demonstrated. Controlled radical polymerization of a thiazolidine-containing acrylamido monomer allows for the synthesis of a polymer with pendent latent nucleophiles. Ring-opening of the thiazolidine affords a homopolymer with two side-chain reactive sites, an amine and a thiol. One-pot functionalization via disulfide formation and acyl substitution is performed to introduce two distinct groups in each repeat unit.
Leadership as Phenomenon: Reassessing the Philosophical Ground of Leadership Studies

The purpose of this article is to contribute to a more robust theory of leadership that shifts the frame of reference from leadership as exclusively facilitated through a single inspired leader to one that includes the view of leadership as an emergent and complex social phenomenon. The article begins with a review of the leader-centric approaches that dominated much of twentieth century leadership studies then moves on to present contemporary critiques of leader-centric approaches leading to an alternative perspective of leadership as an emergent and complex social phenomenon. Viewing leadership as an emergent and complex social phenomenon changes our attitude regarding the roles that leaders and others play in the creation of leadership. A central theme of this article is the impact that the concept of emergence has on leadership theory. In response to this changing attitude, the article then moves to return to and reassess the ontological, epistemological and ethical grounds of leadership and concludes that there is an underlying philosophy that supports viewing leadership as an emergent social phenomenon and further suggests that recent work in virtue epistemology along with Calvin Schrag’s theory of communicative praxis and transversal rationality, can facilitate a better understanding of leadership as an emergent social phenomenon.
Fasting Reduces Intestinal Radiotoxicity, Enabling Dose-Escalated Radiation Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer.

Purpose Chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy is the most commonly used approach for treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The use of curative doses of radiation in this disease setting is constrained because of the close proximity of the head of the pancreas to the duodenum. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fasting protects the duodenum from high-dose radiation, thereby enabling dose escalation for efficient killing of pancreatic tumor cells. Methods and Materials C57BL/6J mice were either fed or fasted for 24 hours and then exposed to total abdominal radiation at 11.5 Gy. Food intake, body weight, overall health, and survival were monitored. Small intestines were harvested at various time points after radiation, and villi length, crypt depth, and number of crypts per millimeter of intestine were determined. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess apoptosis and double-strand DNA breaks, and microcolony assays were performed to determine intestinal stem cell regeneration capacity. A syngeneic KPC model of pancreatic cancer was used to determine the effects of fasting on the radiation responses of both pancreatic cancer and host intestinal tissues. Results We demonstrated that a 24-hour fast in mice improved intestinal stem cell regeneration, as revealed by microcolony assay, and improved host survival of lethal doses of total abdominal irradiation compared with fed controls. Fasting also improved survival of mice with orthotopic pancreatic tumors subjected to lethal abdominal radiation compared with controls with free access to food. Furthermore, fasting did not affect tumor cell killing by radiation therapy and enhanced γ-H2AX staining after radiation therapy, suggesting an additional mild radiosensitizing effect. Conclusions These results establish proof of concept for fasting as a dose-escalation strategy, enabling ablative radiation in the treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Coordinated Postnatal Trajectories of T Cells and Microbiota in Preterm and Full-term Newborns

Abstract With birth, there is a dramatic increase in an infant’s T cell exposures to commensal and pathogenic bacteria. We hypothesized that populations of T cells and microbiota co-develop in the human neonate, and that disruption of their coordination would associate with respiratory morbidity in the first year of life. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed blood and microbiota samples from 133 pre- and 79 full-term infants (PT and FT, respectively), collected through the Prematurity, Respiratory, Immune System and Microbiome (PRISM) study through one year of age. T cell function and phenotype were repeatedly measured by flow cytometry over the first year of life and summarized into immune state types (ISTs). Intestinal and nasal microbiota were measured weekly prior to hospital discharge, monthly thereafter, and during symptomatic respiratory illnesses, and were summarized into community state types (CSTs). Our major findings were three-fold. First, PT and FT CSTs and ISTs varied at birth, but showed an organized progression by postmenstrual age, and convergence by one year. Second, temporal associations between CSTs and ISTs suggest a bidirectional relationship between the microbiome and T cell development. Third, respiratory morbidity is increased in the first year of life in infants displaying atypical acquisition and maturation of microbiota and immune cell populations. These results together suggest that microbiota and T cell maturation are coordinated during infant development. Most importantly, atypical or asynchronous microbiota and T cell maturation is a risk factor for respiratory morbidity in the first year of life.
Vulnerability to mood degradation during sleep deprivation is influenced by white-matter compactness of the triple-network model.

Abstract Sleep deprivation (SD) is often associated with significant shifts in mood state relative to baseline functioning. Prior work suggests that there are consistent trait-like differences among individuals in the degree to which their mood and performances are affected by sleep loss. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which trait-like individual differences in vulnerability/resistance to mood degradation during a night of SD are dependent upon region-specific white and grey matter (WM/GM) characteristics of a triple-network model, including the default-mode network (DMN), control-execution network (CEN) and salience network (SN). Diffusion-weighted and anatomical brain data were collected from 45 healthy individuals several days prior to a 28-h overnight SD protocol. During SD, a visual analog mood scale was administered every hour from 19:15 (time point1; TP1) to 11:15 (TP17) the following morning to measure two positive and six negative mood states. Four core regions within the DMN, five within the CEN, and seven within the SN were used as regions of interest (ROIs). An index of mood resistance (IMR) was defined as the averaged differences between positive and negative mood states over 12 TPs (TP5 to TP16) relative to baseline (TP1 to TP4). For each ROI, characteristics of WM – quantitative anisotropy (QA) and mean curvature index (WM-MCI), and GM – cortical volume (CV) and GM-MCI were estimated, and used to predict IMR. WM characteristics, particularly QA, of all of regions within the DMN, and most of the regions within the CEN and SN predicted IMR during SD. In contrast, most ROIs did not show significant association between IMR and any of the GM characteristics (CV and MCI) or WM MCI. Our findings suggest that greater resilience to mood degradation induced by total SD appears to be associated with more compact axonal pathways within the DMN, CEN and SN.
Exclusion of Pregnant Women from Clinical Trials during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Review of International Registries.

Objective Pregnant women have been historically excluded from clinical trials for nonobstetric conditions, even during prior epidemics. The objective of this review is to describe the current state of research for pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Study Design We conducted a search of international trial registries for trials relating to the novel coronavirus. The eligibility criteria for each trial were reviewed for inclusion/exclusion of pregnant women. Relevant data were extracted and descriptive statistics were calculated for individual and combined data. The total number of trials from each registry were compared, as well as the proportions of pregnancy-related trials within each. Results Among 621,370 trials in the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, 927 (0.15%) were COVID-19 related. Of those, the majority (52%) explicitly excluded pregnancy or failed to address pregnancy at all (46%) and only 16 (1.7%) were pregnancy specific. When categorized by region, 688 (74.2%) of COVID-19 trials were in Asia, followed by 128 (13.8%) in Europe, and 66 (7.2%) in North America. Of the COVID-19 trials which included pregnant women, only three were randomized-controlled drug trials. Conclusion Approximately 1.7% of current COVID-19 research is pregnancy related and the majority of trials either explicitly exclude or fail to address pregnancy. Only three interventional trials worldwide involved pregnant women. The knowledge gap concerning the safety and efficacy of interventions for COVID-19 created by the exclusion of pregnant women may ultimately harm them. While “ethical” concerns about fetal exposure are often cited, it is in fact unethical to habitually exclude pregnant women from research. Key Points
Understanding Online Service Recovery from a Prospective Consumer Perspective: An Abstract

Despite the popularity of online service recovery, little is known about the ways in which a retailer’s management responses to negative reviews shape prospective consumers’ perceptions of retailer complaint-handling. This study investigates the impacts of recovery management response strategies from a perspective of prospective consumers. Specifically, we investigate how two types of recovery messages, namely, warmth- and competence-oriented responses influence prospective consumers’ service recovery perceptions (i.e., perceived diagnosticity, perceived sincerity, and perceived fairness) and attitudes toward retailer. Warm-oriented responses emphasize retailers’ friendliness and kindness in service interactions, and competence-oriented responses emphasize retailers’ efficiency, and knowledgeability of their service/products (Kirmani et al. 2017).
Past, Present, and Future of Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Refinements in Targeting, Surveillance, and Risk Stratification.

Abstract Radiation therapy is an important component of cancer therapy for many malignancies. With improvements in cardiac-sparing techniques, radiation-induced cardiac dysfunction has decreased bu...
Spatiotemporal mode-locked sub-hertz fundamental linewidth soliton microcombs for photonic flywheel

Sub-hertz fundamental linewidth soliton microcombs consisting of multiple eigenmodes are demonstrated in an ultra-high-Q graded-index fiber FP microresonator. The feedback-free SBS-assisted comb generation and stabilization enables ultralow-noise microwave generation.
Classroom Response Systems: Effects on the Critical Analysis Skills of Students in Introductory Science Courses

College instructors often teach scientific thinking by asking students to review and analyze a primary research article. The main purpose of this study was to explore how classroom response systems (CRS) could help impact the quality of written analysis papers submitted for this assignment by students taking 100-level biology courses at a medium-sized suburban, two-year college in the northeastern United States. Students in all participating course sections received written instructions on five key elements of critical analysis (CA) to include in scientific study analysis papers. Classroom instruction on recognizing these key elements in primary research papers was provided either via CRS or via an instructor-facilitated classroom discussion enhanced by the same PowerPoint presentation. A rubric, designed specifically for this assignment, was validated prior to its use in this study. Fifty students participated in the study, and those who received the CRS intervention achieved significantly higher CA scores for identifying implications of study findings, while the group that received only written instructions achieved significantly higher CA scores for discussing the credibility of the references used by the authors in planning the critiqued study. The implications of this study are discussed along with ideas for future research.
Methods of Interpreting the Commerce Clause: A Comparative Analysis

Professor Pushaw further develops the neo-federalist method of interpreting the Commerce Clause that he adopted in his 1999 Iowa Law Review article with Grant Nelson titled, “Rethinking the Commerce Clause: Applying First Principles to Uphold Federal Commercial Regulation but Preserve State Control Over Social Issues.” Professor Pushaw first identifies the inadequacies in the five different, popular modes of Constitutional interpretation – textualism, structuralism, originalism, precedentialism and living constitutionalism. Professor Pushaw then demonstrates that his theory of neo-federalism provides the fullest and soundest reading of the Commerce Clause. Under this approach, Congress can regulate “commerce” – defined as the voluntary sale of goods or services and all accompanying activities intended for the marketplace, including production and the compensated rendering of services – but not purely cultural, moral and social matters. This theory has deep roots in the text and history of the Commerce Clause, yet also accommodates changes over the years and evolving congressional practice and judicial precedent.
Stability assessment of the leech swim oscillator using a VLSI-based model

VLSI-based artificial neurons are used to realize neuronal oscillatory networks. A comprehensive electronic model of the Hirudo swim oscillator is recreated and subjected to numerous parametric variations. This, combined with similar analyses of the mutually and cyclically inhibited subnetworks embedded in the network, provides a good indication of the origins of network stability. Test data indicate that different sub-network types exhibit immunity to contrasting parameters, and that the overall swim oscillator network is more stable than either sub-network type alone.
Investigation Into the Noise Associated With Air Bag Deployment: Part I - Measurement Technique and Parameter Study

A new system consisting of commercially available pressure transducers and microphones was assembled and a new software package was developed. This system allows the analysis of pressure-time data using two analysis methods and criteria proposed in the early 1970's. A series of experiments using this system was run over a four year period to investigate the parameters that affect the impulse noise associated with a deploying air bag. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 879189.
Observations of Hot White Dwarfs with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope

During the Astro-1 space shuttle mission of December 1990, the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope was used to carry out spectrophotometric observations of the hot DA white dwarfs G191-B2B and HZ43 in both the far ultraviolet (912-1860 A) and extreme ultraviolet (415-912 A) bands. We present here the EUV spectra obtained for these two well-studied white dwarfs and describe the use of those spectra for carrying out a study of the ionization state of the local interstellar medium.
Spin excitations and pairing gaps in the superconducting state of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

We show that it is possible to give a quantitative account of the temperature dependence of the measurements of the Knight shift and the spin-lattice-relaxation times for planar copper and oxygen sites in the superconducting state of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ by assuming that the planar excitations form a strongly coupled antiferromagnetic Fermi liquid. We consider anisotropic singlet and triplet pairing states with an orbital momentum l\ensuremath{\le}2 and report on gap parameters and antiferromagnetic enhancement factors that are consistent with experiment. We present as well our calculations for the chain sites, for which an additional relaxation mechanism appears required.
Equations and rewrite rules: a survey

Equations occur frequently in mathematics, logic and computer science. In this paper, we survey the main results concerning equations, and the methods available for reasoning about them and computing with them. The survey is self-contained and unified, using traditional abstract algebra. Reasoning about equations may involve deciding if an equation follows from a given set of equations (axioms), or if an equation is true in a given theory. When used in this manner, equations state properties that hold between objects. Equations may also be used as definitions; this use is well known in computer science: programs written in applicative languages, abstract interpreter definitions, and algebraic data type definitions are clearly of this nature. When these equations are regarded as oriented "rewrite rules," we may actually use them to compute. In addition to covering these topics, we discuss the problem of "solving" equations (the "unification" problem), the problem of proving termination of sets of rewrite rules, and the decidability and complexity of word problems and of combinations of equational theories. We restrict ourselves to first-order equations, and do not treat equations which define non-terminating computations or recent work on rewrite rules applied to equational congruence classes.
Inheritance of trunk striping in the Sumatran tiger barb, Barbus tetrazona

The Sumatran tiger barb, Barbus tetrazona, exhibits three truck (pelvic) striping phenotypes: complete, incomplete, and half banded. Segregation patterns observed in the progeny from 12 different matings indicate that the inheritance of these phenotypes is controlled by two autosomal gene loci acting additively, with complete dominance at each locus.
Postmortem stability of monoamines, their metabolites, and receptor binding in rat brain regions.

: The effects of postmortem delay, time of storage, and freezing, thawing, and refreezing tissue samples were studied in postmortem rat brain using conditions that reflect the handling of postmortem human brain before neurochemical analysis. The levels of monoamines and metabolites in the striatum and cingulate and occipital cortex were measured using alumina extraction and HPLC methods. Binding of raclopride to dopamine D2, SCH- 23390 to dopamine D1, ketanserin to serotonin 5-HT2, 8- hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin to serotonin 5-HT1A, and cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 to CCK-B sites was measured in tissue homogenates from the striatum or frontoparietal cortex. An 18-h postmortem delay before dissection and storage resulted in region-specific changes in monoamine and metabolite levels. Binding to striatal D1and frontoparietal cortex CCK-B sites was reduced over the course of a 27-h postmortem delay. Binding to D2 and 5-HT sites was relatively stable. Storage of tissue for up to 8 months also resulted in region-specific changes in monoamine and metabolite levels. No changes in receptor binding were seen after long-term storage. Freezing, thawing, and refreezing tissue samples resulted in increased levels of striatal 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and decreased binding to striatal D2 sites. These results demonstrate time-, temperature-, and storage-dependent regional differences in.the stability of monoamines and their metabolites and in binding to various receptor sites. These differences in stability and binding should be accounted for to interpret accurately the effects of neurological disorders on neurotransmitter dynamics in postmortem human brain tissue.
(E)-1-[(2-Methoxyphenyl)methyleneamino]guanidinium chloride

In the structure of the title compound, C9H13ClN4O, the guanidinium group is nearly coplanar with the 2-methoxy­phenyl ring, C=N having E geometry. The chloride ions are involved in inter­molecular hydrogen bonds with the H atoms of the amino­guanidinium ion.
Pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus: Report of four cases and review of the literature

Pulmonary hypertension has been reported rarely in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). During the past 31/2 yr we have observed pulmonary hypertension as a major clinical manifestation of their disease in four of 43 patients with well-documented SLE followed at out institution. Pulmonary hypertension could be attributed to underlying lung disease in three and was considered to be primary in the remaining patient. Neither hydralazine nor prednisone administration had any effect on the course of the pulmonary hypertension in these patients. The presence of pulmonary hypertension in the course of active SLE may be more common than previously recognized.