cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solvability of the mixed formulation for generalized Forchheimer flows of isentropic gases.

This paper is focused on the generalized Forchheimer flows of isentropic gas, described by a system of two nonlinear degenerating differential equations of first order. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the Dirichlet problem for stationary problem. The technique of semi-discretization in time is used to prove the existence for the time-dependent problem.
Lunar tidal componentsN1 andO2 in the atmospheric pressure

The lunar tidal componentsO1(p) andN2(p) in the barometric pressure are determined for several observatories for which long series of data are available in machine readable form. AlsoN2(p) results are derived from some earlier analyses. The results are compared with those predicted by equilibrium tidal theory.
New Activity for Instrumental Analysis: Laser Beam Profiling

Students built two laser beam profilers to measure several laser beam parameters in a university third-year instrumental chemistry laboratory using commercially available optical components used in modern optics research laboratories. While learning about practical properties of laser beams, students utilize laboratory grade optics and optomechanics for precise measurements of the laser beam quality factor, ellipticity, and diameter. Students build and troubleshoot beam profilers using two methods: the classic knife-edge technique as well as by employing a CMOS-based camera. Students recognize the sources of error associated with their constructed profiler, including background intensity, integration time, and lens alignment accuracy when measuring the beam parameters.
MrDNA: a multi-resolution model for predicting the structure and dynamics of DNA systems

Although the field of structural DNA nanotechnology has been advancing with an astonishing pace, de novo design of complex 3D nanostructures and functional devices remains a laborious and time-consuming process. One reason for that is the need for multiple cycles of experimental characterization to elucidate the effect of design choices on the actual shape and function of the self-assembled objects. Here, we demonstrate a multi-resolution simulation framework, mrdna, that, in 30 min or less, can produce an atomistic-resolution structure of a self-assembled DNA nanosystem. We demonstrate fidelity of our mrdna framework through direct comparison of the simulation results with the results of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstruction of multiple 3D DNA origami objects. Furthermore, we show that our approach can characterize an ensemble of conformations adopted by dynamic DNA nanostructures, the equilibrium structure and dynamics of DNA objects constructed using off-lattice self-assembly principles, i.e. wireframe DNA objects, and to study the properties of DNA objects under a variety of environmental conditions, such as applied electric field. Implemented as an open source Python package, our framework can be extended by the community and integrated with DNA design and molecular graphics tools.
‘God As We Understood Him’: Being ‘Spiritual But Not Religious’ in Alcoholics Anonymous

Members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) draw upon beliefs, practices, and experiences they deem spiritual in order to help them get and stay sober. This article traces how AA emerged from its evangelical parent to become a “spiritual rather than religious organization” by encouraging members to engage with “God as we understood Him.” Interviews with thirty-four current and former AA members in the greater Los Angeles area, as well as ethnographic observation at AA meetings and related events, reveal how a significant number of modern AAs have adopted a personal “spiritual but not religious” orientation, seeking a healing truth outside of traditional religious organizations. Emerging from the Twelve Steps and sometimes in imitation of one of AA’s founders, this perennialist orientation touts a loving and forgiving Higher Power and a notion of spirituality as a profound interconnection with other alcoholics, challenging scholarly assumptions about narcissism and social disengagement in contemporary spirituality.
Mechanism of thiol-induced color change of tungsten oxide nanoparticles

Abstract Tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles, with an average size of ca. 50 nm, dramatically change color from light to dark green upon methanethiol (MT) exposure. Proton NMR indicates the presence of physisorbed MT and its oxidation product, dimethyldisulfide. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that a maximum of ca. 33% of the W6+ is reduced to W5+ in the process of MT oxidation with creation of oxygen vacancies. Raman spectroscopy shows negligible changes in lattice vibrations, consistent with absence of proton insertion. These results demonstrate that the color change is due to W5+ to W6+ intervalence transitions and support an oxygen vacancy mechanism.
Chapter 7 – Magnetic recording media

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an in-depth discussion of magnetic recording media, which contains all recorded information with which most users are concerned. The focus is on thin-film media for high-density magnetic recording. Many refer to a magnetic disk drive simply as a magnetic disk, although it requires a lot of other components to function at all. Magnetic disks are also classified as flexible disks and rigid disks based on the substrates used. A magnetic recording layer is composed of either closely packed magnetic particles or continuous magnetic thin films deposited on a substrate. Therefore, magnetic disks are often called particulate or thin-film disks, respectively. Basic magnetic medium requirements and particular media are summarized. Future alternative media such as keepered media and patterned media are also discussed.
Caregiver Depression and Emergency Department Utilization in Dementia (P4.1-019)

Objective: To determine whether caregiver depression is associated with increased emergency department (ED) utilization among patients with dementia. Background: Current attempts to gauge the acute care needs of patients with dementia have not effectively addressed the role of caregivers, despite their extensive involvement in acute management decisions. Design/Methods: We performed a longitudinal cohort study of survey data from the Care Ecosystem study, a randomized controlled trial examining telephone-based supportive care for dementia patients and caregivers. Enrollment occurred from March 2015 until February 2017. Caregivers provided information at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Caregiver depression was defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score greater than or equal to 10. Using an adjusted multilevel Poisson regression, we examined the association between caregiver depression and number of ED visits in the subsequent 6 months. Results: There were 780 caregiver-patient dyads enrolled. Of these, 690 dyads contributed data at 6 months and 637 dyads contributed data at 12 months for the analysis. There were 103 (13.2%) caregivers who were depressed at baseline. The average incidence rate in the entire cohort was 0.88 ED visits per person-year. Rates of ED presentation were higher among dyads whose caregiver did versus did not have depression (1.5 versus 0.79 ED visits per person-year). In our multilevel model accounting for repeated measures and adjusting for age, gender, race, educational level, baseline ED use, dementia severity and patient comorbidities, caregiver depression continued to predict ED use with a 50% increase in rates of ED use among dyads with depressed caregivers (IRR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1). Conclusions: Among patients with dementia, caregiver depression is significantly associated with increased ED utilization, revealing a period of caregiver vulnerability, which, if addressed, could move dementia care toward better heath and lower costs for patients and caregivers alike. Disclosure: Dr. Guterman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Allen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Josephson has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for JAMA Neurology and Continuum Audio. Dr. Possin has received research support from Quest Diagnostics.
Parenting stress mediates the longitudinal effect of maternal depression on child anxiety/depressive symptoms.

Abstract Background Evidence is lacking for the longitudinal bidirectional relationship between maternal depression and child anxiety/depressive symptoms through pre-school to adolescence and regarding parenting stress as having a mediating effect on this association. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study (n = 1,446 child-mother dyads in 20 main U.S. cities) collected at baseline, Year-5 (T1), Year-9 (T2) and Year-15 (T3) (from 1998 to 2017). Maternal depression, child anxiety/depressive symptoms and parenting stress were assessed at three time points (T1-T3). The associations were evaluated using autoregressive cross-lagged panel models. Results Cross-lagged models indicated that 1) maternal depression significantly predicted subsequent higher child anxiety/depressive symptoms across all time points, and 2) greater child anxiety/depressive symptoms significantly predicted subsequent maternal depression across all time points. Furthermore, T1 maternal depression was indirectly associated with T3 child anxiety/depressive symptoms via T2 parenting stress [b = 0.010 (SE=0.004), p = 0.017]. However, T2 parenting stress did not significantly mediate the association between T1 child anxiety/depressive symptoms and T3 maternal depression [b = 0.004 (SE=0.004), p = 0.256]. Limitations The FFCWS oversampled unmarried parents and had a higher proportion of socio-economically disadvantaged racial and ethnic minority families, limiting the generalizability of findings. Conclusions Maternal depression is indirectly linked to child anxiety/depressive symptoms via parenting stress.
Initiation of Chromosomal Replication

The complex process of bacterial chromosomal replication can be divided into several stages: initiation, priming of chain starts, chain elongation, and termination. Since much of what is known about the initiation of bacterial chromosomal replication comes from studies of Escherichia coli, this chapter concentrates on initiation in that organism. The roles of the crucial sequence elements in the initiation and regulation of chromosomal replication are discussed in this chapter. DnaA protein, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, is responsible for setting in motion the cascade of events for initiating chromosomal replication, including origin recognition, strand opening, and loading of the replicative helicase at the sites of the future bidirectional replication forks. SeqA tetramers must interact properly and form active aggregates for binding to hemimethylated DNA to occur. This SeqA aggregation may be important not only for regulating chromosomal replication, but also for chromosomal segregation. Bypassing the normal, DnaA-dependent initiation of chromosomal replication from oriC via constitutive stable DNA replication relieves the growth arrest of cells lacking sufficient acidic phospholipids. Regulated initiation of chromosomal replication likely involves not only its timing during the cell cycle, but also where it happens within the cell. Recently, significant advances have been made in our knowledge of the initiation of chromosomal replication.
Variational Techniques for Problems in Materials Science

In recent years there has been a remarkable progress in the mathematical understanding of variational principles for unstable materials phenomena. In this paper some of the techniques developed are outlined.
Distribution and development of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in the optic tectum of Rana pipiens.

Acetylcholine allows the elicitation of visually evoked behaviors mediated by the frog optic tectum, but the mechanisms behind its effects are unknown. Although nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) exist in the tectum, their subtype has not been assessed. By using quantitative autoradiography, we examined the binding of [(3)H]cytisine and [(125)I]alpha-bungarotoxin in the laminated tectum. In mammalian systems, these radioligands bind with high affinity to alpha4 nAChR subunits and alpha7 nAChR subunits, respectively. [(3)H]Cytisine demonstrated high specific binding in adult frogs in retinorecipient layer 9, intermediate densities in layer 8, and low binding in layers 1-7 of the tectum. [(3)H]Cytisine binding was significantly higher in the tecta of adults than in those of tadpoles. Lesioning the optic nerve for 6 weeks decreased [(3)H]cytisine binding in layers 8/9 by 70+/-1%, whereas 6-month lesions decreased binding by 76+/-3%. Specific binding of [(125)I]alpha-bungarotoxin in adults was present only at intermediate levels in tectal layers 8 and 9, and undetectable in the deeper tectal layers. However, the nucleus isthmi, a midbrain structure reciprocally connected to the tectum, exhibited high levels of binding. There were no significant differences in tectal [(125)I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding between tadpoles and adults. Six-week lesions of the optic nerve decreased tectal [(125)I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding by 33+/-10%, but 6-month lesions had no effect. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of [(3)H]cytisine and [(125)I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding in the frog brain were similar to those demonstrated in several mammalian species. These results indicate that [(3)H]cytisine and [(125)I]alpha-bungarotoxin identify distinct nAChR subtypes in the tectum that likely contain non-alpha7 and alpha7 subunits, respectively. The majority of non-alpha7 receptors are likely associated with retinal ganglion cell terminals, whereas alpha7-containing receptors appear to have a different localization.
Horse antithymocyte globulin as salvage therapy after rabbit antithymocyte globulin for severe aplastic anemia.

The effectiveness of salvage therapy for aplastic anemia patients unresponsive to initial rabbit antithymocyte globulin (r-ATG) or cyclophosphamide is not known. We investigated the administration of standard horse ATG (h-ATG) plus cyclosporine (CsA) in patients who were refractory to initial r-ATG/CsA (n = 19) or cyclophosphamide/CsA (n = 6) (registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00944749). The primary endpoint was hematologic response at 3 months and was defined as no longer meeting the criteria for severe aplastic anemia. Of the 19 patients who received r-ATG as initial therapy, 4 (21%) achieved a hematologic response by 3 months, and of the 6 patients who received cyclophosphamide, only 1 (17%) responded by 6 months. Among the responders there were no cases of relapse, and in nonresponders 2 patients evolved to monosomy 7. The overall survival for the cohort at 3 years was 68% (95% CI, 50-91%). These results suggest that only a minority can be successfully salvaged after receiving as first therapy either r-ATG or cyclophosphamide. Although h-ATG may be utilized in the salvage setting, the overall response rate probably will be lower than when h-ATG is used as initial treatment.
Principles for optimizing CORBA Internet Inter-ORB Protocol performance

The Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP) enables heterogeneous CORBA-compliant object request brokers (ORBs) to interoperate over TCP/IP networks. The IIOP uses the Common Data Representation (CDR) transfer syntax to map OMG Interface Definition Language (IDL) data types into a portable network format. Due to the excessive marshaling/demarshaling overhead, data copying and high-levels of function call overhead, some implementations of IIOP protocols have yielded relatively poor performance over high-speed networks. To meet the demands of emerging distributed multimedia applications, however, CORBA-compliant ORBs must support interoperable and highly efficient IIOP implementations. This paper provides contributions to the study and design of efficient CORBA IIOP implementations. We outline the software architecture of the SunSoft's public domain implementation of IIOP version 1.0. We pin-point the key sources of overhead in the SunSoft IIOP implementation by measuring its performance for transferring richly-typed data over a high-speed ATM network. We empirically demonstrate the benefits of systematically applying protocol optimizations to SunSoft IIOP. The results of applying these optimizations to SunSoft IIOP improved its performance substantially for all data types. The resulting optimized IIOP implementation is competitive with existing commercial ORBs using CORBA's static invocation interface and 2 to 4.5 times faster than commercial ORBs using the dynamic skeleton interface. We have integrated the optimized IIOP implementation into TAO, which is a CORBA ORB targeted for real-time systems.
Development of Dispersion Relationships for Layered Cylinders Using Laser Ultrasonics

There currently exists a widespread need for the development of quantitative methods for the nondestructive evaluation of cylindrically shaped components such as a helicopter rotor hub. Of particular interest is a geometry, which consists of an outer hollow cylinder and an outer hollow cylinder with a solid inner shaft. Unfortunately, conventional ultrasonic methodologies (such as pulse-echo) often fail to detect these cracks, mainly because of a lack of accessibility and the inherent complexity of the waveforms generated.
High-pressure differential thermal analysis (HP-DTA)

High-pressure differential thermal analysis results are used to describe dehydration reactions for the clay-like materials of Na-rich montmorillonite, K-, Ca-, and Mg-exchanged montmorillonite, kerolite, and a high-pressure phase resembling talc/mica with excess water. Because sealed capsules may be used to contain fluids, it is possible to evaluate the role of H2O in these reactions. A separate paper (Part II) addresses the use of HP-DTA to understand dehydroxylation reactions in these materials.
Dancing Against War

The house lights stayed up while de Keersmaeker casually walked onstage, kicking one clog off in a high arc, followed by the other. She approached the front of the stage and spoke the word "Once." Her hair was pulled back and fastened tightly as a skullcap. She wore a dark blue knit tunic that clung to her torso in loose layers. As she stood there, the audience regarded her with quiet expectation. Its gaze was met by that of the performers. During this first section, there was plenty of time to observe every detail of the few spare props onstage: backdrops of canvas that looked somewhat military, tied with clothesline to rods; a thermos and its cup; a gray cover over the dance floor; most importantly, a record player on a little wire stand was placed stage left. Meanwhile, de Keersmaeker's attentive glance and occasional gestures strove to
Criminalizing Kids: The Overlooked Reason for Failing Schools

The nation's dropout rate reached crisis levels in 2009, and test scores posted by its poorest public schools were also grim. Only 70 percent of first-year students entering America's high schools were graduating, with a full 1.2 million students dropping out each school year. In 2009, the Detroit public school system reported math scores that were the worst in forty years of participation in the National Assessment of Educational Progress test. So great was the problem of "low performing" schools by 2010 that the U.S. Department of Education set up ten regional advisory committees "to collect information on the educational needs across the country" and President Barack Obama committed $3.5 billion to fund schools that were doing particularly poorly.
Influence of Bilateral Vestibular Loss on Spinal Stabilization in Humans

The control of upper body (UB) orientation relative to the pelvis in the frontal plane was characterized in bilateral vestibular loss subjects (BVLs) and compared with healthy control subjects (Cs). UB responses to external perturbations were evoked using continuous pelvis tilts (eyes open and eyes closed) at various amplitudes. Lateral sway of the lower body was prevented on all tests. UB sway was summarized using root-mean-square measures and dynamic behavior was characterized using frequency response functions (FRFs) from 0.023 to 10.3 Hz. Both subject groups had similar FRF variations as a function of stimulus frequency and were relatively unaffected by visual availability, indicating that visual orientation cues contributed very little to UB control. BVLs had larger UB sway at frequencies below ∼1 Hz compared with Cs. A feedback model of UB orientation control was used to identify sensory contributions to spinal stability and differences between subject groups. The model-based interpretation of experimental results indicated that a phasic proprioceptive signal encoding the angular velocity of UB relative to lower body motion was a major contributor to overall system damping. Parametric system identification showed that BVLs used proprioceptive information that oriented the UB toward the pelvis to a greater extent compared with Cs. Both subject groups used sensory information that oriented the UB vertical in space to a greater extent as pelvis tilt amplitudes increased. In BVLs, proprioceptive information signaling the UB orientation relative to the fixed lower body provided the vertical reference, whereas in Cs, vestibular information also contributed to the vertical reference.
Optomechanical and Crystallization Phenomena Visualized with 4D Electron Microscopy: Interfacial Carbon Nanotubes on Silicon Nitride

With ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM), we report observation of the nanoscopic crystallization of amorphous silicon nitride, and the ultrashort optomechanical motion of the crystalline silicon nitride at the interface of an adhering carbon nanotube network. The in situ static crystallization of the silicon nitride occurs only in the presence of an adhering nanotube network, thus indicating their mediating role in reaching temperatures close to 1000 °C when exposed to a train of laser pulses. Under such condition, 4D visualization of the optomechanical motion of the specimen was followed by quantifying the change in diffraction contrast of crystalline silicon nitride, to which the nanotube network is bonded. The direction of the motion was established from a tilt series correlating the change in displacement with both the tilt angle and the response time. Correlation of nanoscopic motion with the picosecond atomic-scale dynamics suggests that electronic processes initiated in the nanotubes are responsible for the initial ultrafast optomechanical motion. The time scales accessible to UEM are 12 orders of magnitude shorter than those traditionally used to study the optomechanical motion of carbon nanotube networks, thus allowing for distinctions between the different electronic and thermal mechanisms to be made.
Tomorrow's education in medicine and ministry.

becoming as fluid as the institutional walls. The recent medical student strikes in Berlin and Prague and the occupation of McCormick and Union Seminary buildings in this country reflect, beyond the immediate grievances, a pro found philosophical struggle concerned with the nature of medical and minis terial education. The winds of change now blow through the musty cor ridors of both kinds of institutions, creating an atmosphere in which con structive criticism that leads to greater institutional relevance is not only tolerated but welcomed.
Uncertainty, Likelihoods and Investment Decisions

Introduction, 1. — I. The problem of "explanation," 3. — II. Shackle's hypothesis, 4. — III. An alternative hypothesis. The "most likely" gain outcome, 7. — IV. The "most likely" loss outcome, 15. — V. Evaluating net prospective satisfactions; "gambler preference maps," 16. — VI. Holding money; alternative investments; marginal equalities, 19. — VII. Limitations, 24. — VIII. Business decisions, 25. — IX. Waves of optimism and pessimism, 27.
Reconstitution and exchange of quinones in the A1 site of Photosystem I. An electron spin polarization electron paramagnetic resonance study

Abstract The electron spin polarized (ESP) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal observed in spinach Photosystem I (PS I) particles was examined in preparations depleted of vitamin K 1 by solvent extraction, followed by reconstitution with a series of quinones and quinone analogues. The ESP EPR signal was previously attributed to a radicalpair that included vitaim K 1 − (Rustandi, R.R., et al. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 8030–8032) and, in addition, vitamin K 1 was assigned as the secondary acceptor A 1 in PS I (Snyder, S.W., et al. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 9895–9896). The ESP EPR signal was observed in untreated PS I preparations, was not detected in the solvent-extracted PS I samples and was restored upon reconstitution using certain quinones. The ability to restore the ESP EPR signal was dependent upon two properties of the reconstituted acceptor. First, the solution reduction potential of the reconstituted acceptor must be more positive than about −750 mV where the solution reduction potential of vitamin K 1 is −710 mV. Second, the structure of the reconstituted acceptor requires either a minimum of two aromatic rings (i.e., naphthoquinone) or a benzoquinone (or larger) derivative substituted with an alkyl tail. A model was developed to describe both the requirements for electron transfer to A 1 and also previous results for electron transfer from A 1 − to the iron-sulfur centers (Biggins, J. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 7259–7264). When untreated PS I preparations were incubated with perdeuterated vitamin K 1 (DK 1 ) the endogenous K 1 was observed to exchange with DK 1 . The replacement rate was strongly dependent upon temperature (h-days at 4°C, min at 37°C) and upon illumination (min). Naphthoquinones lacking a long alkyl tail were unable to exchange with endogenous vitamin K 1 . Although no known physiological role exists for vitamin K 1 ejection from its A 1 binding site, the quinone appears to be somewhat labile. Direct exchange of vitamin K 1 with exogenously supplied quinones indicates that the PS I A 1 site might be a target for the design of new herbicides in green plants.
Chemometrics for on-line spectroscopy applications-theory and practice

In today's chemical industry there is a great need to both improve the effectiveness of existing assets and generate new prospects for business renewal. In addition, the fast pace of the current ‘information age’ makes it necessary to bring about both of these in a rapid and responsive manner in order to be competitive. On-line spectroscopic techniques, which provide rapid and representative information on a chemical process, are inherently capable of facilitating both asset productivity and business renewal. Chemometric ‘tools’, in principle, are particularly well suited for improving the effectiveness of on-line spectroscopic techniques through two main functions: (1) extracting the wealth of useful, yet convoluted information that is available from such techniques; and (2) facilitating the automation of on-line analytical techniques, at a time when manufacturing plant support resources are being ‘cut back’. Multivariate calibration tools can be used to improve the performance of existing methods, as well as to prepare more stable methods for new applications. More ‘soft’ modeling tools, such as multivariate curve resolution, are particularly well suited for providing timely information during the early stages of new process development, where very little is known about the process chemistry and dynamics. In practice, however, there is a wide range of issues, both technical and non-technical, that limit and even prevent the successful application of chemometric techniques for on-line spectroscopy. This paper will illustrate both the means by which chemometric tools can make a difference in the chemical industry, and the issues that are preventing its successful implementation, using examples from actual process development projects and on-line measurements. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laboratory study of conspecific avoidance by host-colonizingDendroctonus frontalis Zimm. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Bark/phloem disk sandwiches (100 cm2) were colonized with one to six mating pairs of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., to observe gallery construction and evaluate if avoidance behavior occurs between beetles. Frequencies of turn aways, touches, and crosses (three characteristics used to describe conspecific interaction) all increased significantly with beetle density. A threshold of three mating pairs within the 100- cm2 phloem area was the density at which avoidance behavior became evident. At a threshold of five mating pairs the number of gallery crossings was significantly greater than at lower densities. Single and paired female beetles introduced into artificial galleries crossed empty neighboring galleries significantly more often than when neighboring galleries were occupied with other D. frontalis. The data suggest that D. frontalis females can regulate gallery spacing within the host through their ability to detect nearby beetles and their galleries. Possible spacing mechanisms are discussed.
Effect of alloying on the Fermi surface of magnesium

Abstract A non-local pseudopotential model for the Mg Fermi surface has been extended to fit the changes observed in a dHvA study of alloying with Li and In.
Ibuprofen in experimental vascular surgery.

Animal studies have been conducted to determine the effectiveness of ibuprofen in reducing early platelet deposition on small diameter (4 mm) Gore-Tex (polytetrafluoroethylene) arterial grafts and larger (10 mm) Gore-Tex grafts placed in the inferior vena cava. These studies demonstrated a significant reduction ln platelet deposition at one and three hours. Additional studies of animals undergoing treatment with ibuprofen and subjected to arterial replacement with 1 or 4 mm Gore-Tex grafts demonstrated enhanced patency at 30 days. Cautious evaluation of Ibuprofen as an adjunct in vascular surgery appears warranted.
Primary pulmonary hypertension: modern approaches to an old problem.

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) has been recognized as a disease entity for over two hundred years. It is defined as pulmonary artery hypertension and normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure with right ventricular hypertrophy for which no etiology is apparent. The entity is divided into three pathological categories: plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy, recurrent thromboembolism, and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. The clinical diagnosis is made by excluding other causes of pulmonary hypertension. Therapy is predominantly directed at reversal of pulmonary arterial constriction. Some agents which have been used with varying success include: anticoagulants, alpha-adrenergic blockers, beta-adrenergic stimulators, and peripheral vasodilators. However, therapy at this time is only palliative with the long-term prognosis for patients remaining dismal. Further investigation into basic etiologic mechanisms is necessary in order to devise more effective treatment.
Young Investigator: Michelle J Yoo

Supervisor’s supporting comments I have always been impressed with Michelle’s ability to conduct research in an independent and yet highly effective manner. Part of her research in my group has examined the use of affinity columns to examine drug–protein binding with serum proteins, such as human serum albumin. This work is extremely important to the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry and clinical chemistry in providing the data needed for the development of new drugs or in the optimization of treatments for patients with new, or existing, drugs. Another topic that Michelle has examined in her research is the use of new supports based on monolithic materials and ultrafast-extraction methods for affinity-based separations of biological samples and high-throughput screening of drug–protein binding. She was the lead author on a review written on this topic and also has several research publications related to this area of work. During her graduate studies, Michelle has emerged as a real leader in my group. S...
ENZYMATIC FORMATION OF A PHENOLIC METABOLITE FROM LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE BY RAT LIVER MICROSOMES.

Abstract Lysergic acid diethylamide — although metabolized by both rat and guinea pig liver tissues — is hydroxylated by rat (and not by guinea pig) liver microsomes, probably in the 13-position of the lysergic acid nucleus. Some characteristics of the enzyme and techniques for isolating and identifying the phenolic metabolite are described.
Relationship Between Sex‐Role Behaviour, Body Weight, and Alcohol Consumption in Undergraduate Men and Women

Introduction: Recent research studies focusing on the relationship between psychiatric illness and deviant behaviour (Huselid & Cooper, 1992; Holman, Jensen, Capell, and Woodard, 1993) suggest that a behaviour that is inconsistent with sex‐role expectations, particularly when it is defined as more appropriate for the opposite sex, is seen as deviant. By implication, women's alcohol misuse falls into this category of ‘deviant deviance’. In their research on gender roles as mediators of sex differences in adolescent alcohol use and abuse, Huselid and Cooper (1992), concluded that the relationships between gender roles and alcohol use were consistent with the hypothesis that individuals with conventional gender identities conform more closely to cultural norms that condone drinking among males but not among females. In addition to heavy and problem drinking of women judged frequently to be a deviation from the traditional feminine role, it is also viewed as a rejection of the traditional feminine sex‐role and adoption of an aspect of the traditional masculine role, or both (Chomak and Collins, 1987). In their research on sex‐role conflicts in alcoholic women, when the factors of age, socio‐economic status (SES), and marital status were controlled, Kroft and Pierre (1987) observed that alcoholic women scored as more depressed and more sex‐role undifferentiated than non‐alcoholic women. Alcoholic women were also found to have a relatively traditional sex‐role ideology, and remitted alcoholics expressed less satisfaction than other groups with some traditional female roles. The presence of conflict between perceived (real) and desired (ideal) gender‐role characteristics, rather than the specific pattern or direction of the conflict, may best predict problem drinking. Similarly, the research on gender‐role attitudes, job competition and alcohol consumption among women and men, conducted by Parker and Hartford (1992), concluded that among females, the non‐traditional role of employment in non‐traditional gender‐role attitudes concerning responsibilities for household labour and child‐care were associated with greater alcohol consumption. Among the employed, traditional females and non‐traditional males had greater alcohol use. The females and males who experience conflict between competition at the work‐place and substantial obligations at home consumed a greater amount of alcohol. The results of these clashes between feminine role pattern at home and traditionally masculine roles of paid employment will be social and psychological conflicts and tensions that could adversely affect women's mental health (McBroom, 1986). In other words, many women may find it stressful to switch between more masculine role expectations in the workplace and more feminine role expectations in the home (Gerson, 1985) and some may increase their alcohol consumption to alleviate distress resulting from mismatched gender‐related role expectations and preferences (Eccles, 1987).
EPR of Cr 2 + ( 3 d 4 ) in gallium arsenide: Jahn-Teller distortion and photoinduced charge conversion

The spin-Hamiltonian parameters and low-temperature behavior of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{2+}$ in GaAs are found to correspond closely to those in II-VI zinc-blende compounds, suggesting the occurrence of a static Jahn-Teller distortion. Observation of photoinduced charge conversion among ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{1+}$, each possessing a different local symmetry, offers independent evidence that the lowered symmetries at the ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{2+}$ and ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ sites are Jahn-Teller generated.
Introduction: Shall we gather in the classroom?

First-generation college students (FGS) often straddle different cultures between school and home. Because of this cultural disparity, FGS frequently encounter barriers to academic success and require additional support resources on campus. Simply offering more financial aid does not address the cultural and emotional challenges that these students experience. The volume's coeditors draw on their own first-generation college experiences to assert the necessity of this volume to assist college and university administrators, faculty, and staff who frequently work with FGS.
In vitro and in vivo real-time imaging with ultrasonic limited diffraction beams

Recently, there has been great interest in a new class of solutions to the isotropic/homogeneous scaler wave equation which represents localized waves or limited diffraction beams in electromagnetics, optics, and acoustics. Applications of these solutions to ultrasonic medical imaging, tissue characterization, and nondestructive evaluation of materials have also been reported. The authors report a real-time medical imager which uses limited diffraction Bessel beams, X-waves, Axicons, or conventional beams. Results (in vitro and in vivo) show that the images obtained with limited diffraction beams have higher resolution and good contrast over larger depth of field compared to images obtained with conventional focused beams. These results suggest the potential clinical usefulness of limited diffraction beams. >
An Analysis of Cut-Off Rules for Optimization Algorithms

The problem of optimal stopping has long bee of intrest to various scientific disciplines. Most notably, the approacbes taken have been based on sequential decision theory and modeling techniqes. Aiming at optimization algorithms, we propose in this paper to combine the present approaches and study the cut-off rule problem, using asymptotic convergence behavior of sequences. A unifying framework for the design and analysis of stopping rules for algorithms generating a monotonically convergent sequence is presented while methodology for optimal design is discussed. The concavity structure should be observed to play an important role in our analysis.
Estuarine and Coastal Habitat Use of Gulf Sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in the North-Central Gulf of Mexico

Gulf sturgeon are anadromous, spawning in freshwater and returning to the marine environment to feed. Herein, we document the marine distribution and timing of movement in and out of the marine environment of Gulf sturgeon natal to the Pascagoula and Pearl rivers (MS and LA). From 1999 to 2004, we attached sonic transmitters to 194 fish averaging 151 (MS) to 160 (LA) cm in fork length. We located 56 different Gulf sturgeon in the estuarine or marine environments, some multiple times. Fish were distributed nonrandomly, being found primarily in shallow water (mean = 3.9 m) in barrier island passes. Benthic samples taken at Gulf sturgeon telemetry location sites were dominated by Florida lancelets, sand dollars, annelids, haustoriid amphipods, and mollusks—all documented prey of Gulf sturgeon. Movement into salt water consistently occurred in October and November; movement back into rivers or low salinity estuaries was complete by the end of March.
Kinetics of Drug Action in Disease States III: Effect of Pregnancy on the Relationship between Phenytoin Concentration and Antiseizure Activity in Rats

The purposes of this investigation were to determine the effect of pregnancy on the susceptibility of female rats to experimentally induced seizures and on the relationship between serum phenytoin concentration and antiseizure activity. Pregnant rats (on the 18th day of gestation) were more susceptible than nonpregnant female rats to seizures produced by maximal electroshock or by a body-weight-based dose of pentylenetetrazol. There was no apparent difference between pregnant (20th day of gestation) and non-pregnant rats in the relationship between seizure protection (percent of animals protected) and the serum concentration of total (free plus protein-bound) phenytoin. The relationship between concentration and effect was essentially the same 20 min after an injection of phenytoin and 2 h after the start of a constant-rate infusion preceded by a loading dose of the drug. Since the protein binding of phenytoin is appreciably decreased in late pregnancy, the serum concentration of free phenytoin required for seizure protection tended to be higher in pregnant than in nonpregnant rats. This may be due to the increased susceptibility of pregnant rats to seizure stimuli.
Cloning of the HhaI and HinPI restriction-modification systems

The genes for the HhaI (Roberts et al., 1976) and HinPI (Roberts, 1987) restriction-modification (R-M) systems have been cloned in pBR322. The HhaI system was isolated on a 9-kb PstI fragment, and the HinPI system was isolated on two PstI fragments of 1.5 and 4.6 kb in length. The clones were isolated by selecting for recombinant molecules that had protectively modified themselves. The HhaI and HinPI R-M systems recognize the same sequence, GCGC, but hybridization between the DNA fragments encoding them does not take place.
Robust modeling of navigation error for UUV mission planning

In this paper we present an analytical model for incorporating navigational error into a search performance prediction algorithm through the construction of a corresponding utility function. The search space is partitioned into a set of cells over which a utility function formulation is developed for each. The navigational displacement error is assumed to be driven by a Mixed Ornstein Uhlenbeck stochastic process. The evaluation method is based upon our previous work on utility functions as perturbative forms on Bayesian recursion models for search effectiveness modeling with non-trivial dependencies. This paper presents the development of the cell-based probability recursions for the spatially correlated navigational error. From these, a sequential formulation for utility update is developed.
PRELIMINARY FLIGHT TESTS OF AN ATOMIC CLOCK IN PREPARATION OF LONG-RANGE CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION EXPERIMENTS

Flight experiments are described for the preliminary synchronization of atomic clocks aiming at an error of less than 1 mu sec between clocks separated by more than 1,000 miles. Design features of the clock and the testing equipment are described and results are presented graphically. (C.H.)
Sequence and expression of two regulated transcription units during Drosophila melanogaster development: Deb-A and Deb-B.

Abstract Two transcription units, Deb-A and Deb-B (developmental embryonic), are present in a recombinant bacteriophage clone containing a DNA insert from Drosophila melanogaster. The insert maps cytologically to chromosome 2R at 48EF. Sequence analysis of the open reading frames indicates that both are putative membrane proteins with similar hydropathy profiles. The expression of the encoded poly(A)+ RNAs is regulated during oocyte embryonic and larval development. The 600 base Deb-A RNA is present in oocytes and increases in abundance until 15 h of embryogenesis. Its abundance level drops dramatically between 15 and 19 h and is modulated at a low level in the three larval instars and pupae. The 525 base Deb-B RNA is present in oocytes at a 10-fold lower level than the Deb-A transcript. Its abundance increases until a maximum level is reached at 9–12 h. After this time the transcript is undetectable on Northern transfers. Both RNAs are present in greater than 95% polyadenylated form in the cytoplasm. Deb-B RNA is found on polysomes in proportions similar to the bulk of poly(A)+ RNA populations. Deb-A RNA, on the other hand is mostly nonpolysomal during embryogenesis. The RNAs from both Deb-A and Deb-B are found uniformly distributed throughout the embryo during development.
Optical scintillometry over a long elevated horizontal path

We report scintillometer measurements for near-infrared propagation over a 51.4-km path, at an average altitude of 760 m over mountainous desert terrain. We present time series and histograms of normalized irradiance variance and path-averaged C2n values. We compare the results with an average vertical C2n profile constructed from past balloon measurements. We also present preliminary results on the temporal power spectra of normalized irradiance.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Two new NpGa phases: α-NpGa2 and metastable m-NpGa2

Following an earlier study of metastable Np-rich NpGa alloys, rapidly quenched NpGa alloys with 63 – 80 at.% Ga were prepared and studied. Two new NpGa2 phases, both with an AlB2 type structure, were found: α-NpGa2, with a = 4.246 A, c = 4.060 A, c = 3.642 A, c/a = 0.825. While m-NpGa2 was observed only in very fast quenched (splat cooled) samples and appears to be metastable, α-NpGa2 is probably an equilibrium phase. In a splat cooled alloy with 75 at.% Ga, another, unidentified, metastable phase was observed. Crystal chemical discussions of atomic volumes, interatomic distances and axial ratios are given; the volume difference between the two forms of NpGa2 is correlated with a valence change of Np.
Phytobezoars--an overlooked cause of small bowel obstruction following vagotomy and drainage operations for duodenal ulcer.

Phetobezoar impaction is an important cause of small bowel obstruction in patients who have had previous vagotomy and drainage procedures for duodenal ulcer. Most casesl present with typical symptoms and signs of small bowel obstruction, but in some there are no definite radiological signs of bowel obstruction and plain X- ray. In these the phytobezoar is often located by barium studies. Operation is required in the majority of cases and the phytobezoar milked into the large bowel or removed at enterotomy. Before laparotomy is performed, it is essential to endoscope these patients to avoid overlooking gastric phytobezoars which are easily removed via a gastrotomy at the time of the laparotomy. The incidence of phytobezoar obstruction will be reduced by the giving of simple dietary advice and by employing highly selective vagotomy whenever possible in the surgery of duodenal ulcer.
Androgen and sleep-related erections

Sleep-related penile erections provide a unique opportunity to objectively study erectile physiology in man. Testosterone is one of several factors involved in normal sexual function and testosterone reduction can be achieved by administering luteinizing-hormone releasing-hormone agonists (LHRH-A). In this study, ten healthy, young adult males were administered LHRH-A or placebo for a 12-week period. Subjects taking LHRH-A had a marginally significant decline in sleep-related erection duration at week 4 and significant reductions at weeks 8 and 12. By contrast, no statistically reliable change was found for the number of erections over the course of study. Maximum circumference increase during sleep erections showed mixed results. These results indicate that, whereas androgen reduction adversely affects sleep-related erections, it does not eliminate them over a 12-week trial in healthy young adult men. Further study in a larger sample is needed. Nonetheless, these preliminary findings support androgen having an important role in sleep-related erections.