cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minocycline: Neuroprotective mechanisms in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cardinal features of tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. In addition to the motor symptoms patients experience- cognitive decline eventually resulting in severe disability. Pathologically PD is characterized by neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) with intracytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies. In addition to the SNc there is neurodegeneration in other areas including cerebral cortex, raphe nuclei, locus ceruleus, nucleus basalis of meynert, cranial nerves and autonomic nervous system. Recent evidence supports the role of inflammation in Parkinson's disease. Apoptosis has been shown to be one of the pathways of cell death in PD. Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative is a caspase inhibitor, and also inhibits the inducible nitric oxide synthase which are important for apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, Minocycline has been shown to block microglial activation of 6-hydroxydopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned parkinsonism animal models and protect against nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration. In this review, we present the current experimental evidence for the potential use of tetracycline derivative, minocycline, as a neuroprotective agent in PD.
Symposium: Adjuvant cancer therapy of head and neck tumors. The use of postoperative irradiation — its goals and 1978 attainments

The use of postoperative irradiation as an adjunctive measure for better control of local and regional disease after a surgical procedure has been used at the Anderson Hospital since approximately 1965. The common clinical setting occurs in those patients in whom, after surgical ablation of the tumor, there are microscopic foci of residual disease at the margins, perineural invasion, histologically a very poorly differentiated carcinoma, dermal lymphatic involvement, multiple nodes in the neck or very large nodes in which the tumor has broken through the nodal capsule and entered the connective tissue. We have been applying this criterion for the treatment of salivary gland malignancies, squamous carcinomas of the hypopharynx and supraglottic larynx, and all sites in the head and neck in which there was extensive cercical nodal metastasis. The results of this therapeutic approach will be reported and discussed.
Optimization of an infected shoe model for the evaluation of an ultraviolet shoe sanitizer device.

Background: Onychomycosis and tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) are infections of the nails and skin caused by pathogenic fungi collectively known as dermatophytes. These infections are difficult to tre...
The laser absolute wavelength standard problem

Stabilized lasers usually exhibit systematic frequency shifts larger than their resettability; this phenomenon is well illustrated by the 6328-A helium-neon laser. We describe a Lamb-dip stabilized laser that operates at 1.15259 μ in pure low-pressure (0.12-torr) neon. Optical heterodyne experiments indicate an accuracy exceeding 1 part in 109; short and medium term precisions of 1 : 1010are easily achieved. We also report the successful operation of a wavelength reference based on the saturation of sharp molecular absorption. In the first experiments the P(7) line of the v 3 band of methane is saturated inside the cavity of a 3.39-μ helium-neon laser. The saturation maximum at molecular line center produces an "emission" feature whose linewidth is less than 5 parts in 109. The pressure-induced offset is expected to be less than 1 part in 1010. Size scaling is expected to improve these first results by at least 1 decade.
Enhanced interannual precipitation variability increases plant functional diversity that in turn ameliorates negative impact on productivity

Although precipitation interannual variability is projected to increase due to climate change, effects of changes in precipitation variance have received considerable less attention than effects of changes in the mean state of climate. Interannual precipitation variability effects on functional diversity and its consequences for ecosystem functioning are assessed here using a 6-year rainfall manipulation experiment. Five precipitation treatments were switched annually resulting in increased levels of precipitation variability while maintaining average precipitation constant. Functional diversity showed a positive response to increased variability due to increased evenness. Dominant grasses decreased and rare plant functional types increased in abundance because grasses showed a hump-shaped response to precipitation with a maximum around modal precipitation, whereas rare species peaked at high precipitation values. Increased functional diversity ameliorated negative effects of precipitation variability on primary production. Rare species buffered the effect of precipitation variability on the variability in total productivity because their variance decreases with increasing precipitation variance.
Children's Productivity in the English Past Tense: The Role of Frequency, Phonology, and Neighborhood Structure

Abstract The productive use of English past tense morphology in school-aged children ( N = 74; 3 years, 8 months to 13 years, 5 months) is explored using an elicited production task. Errors represented 20% of the responses overall. Virtually all of the children demonstrated productivity with regular (e.g., good ) and irregular patterns (zero-marking, e.g., sit → sit ; vowel-change, e.g., ride → rid ). Overall frequency of errors decreased with age, yet the tendency for certain types of irregularizations increased in the older groups. Analyses across items indicated that all error types were predicted by combinations of item frequency, phonological characteristics of stems and past tense forms, and aspects of phonological past tense “neighborhoods”. Contrary to “hybrid” or dual-mechanism models incorporating a phonologically-insensitive default mechanism (e.g., Prasada & Pinker, 1993), these results suggest that children's productivity with regular and irregular patterns is consistent with a phonologically-based constraint satisfaction system similar to that implemented in connectionist models (Daugherty & Seidenberg, 1992; Plunkett & Marchman, 1991, 1993).
Nuclear Proliferation in Asia and Missile Defense

Nuclear proliferation in Asia threatens to overturn existing nonproliferation regimes and to create temptations toward first-strike strategies among states in the region. Missile defenses may help to reduce the risks of war if they are combined with defensive military strategies. On the other hand, as complements to strategies based on preemption or prompt offensives, missile defenses in Asia may contribute to crisis instability and war.
Economic grand rounds: improving the quality of depression care in Medicaid.

Because many individuals with depression receive mental health care services through Medicare and Medicaid, disseminating evidence-based depression care in the public sector warrants attention. In this column we identify factors that distinguish quality improvement for depression in the Medicaid program and describe system-level changes made by a nonprofit Medicaid health plan—Colorado Access—to improve depression care under a demonstration program funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF).
Hydrogeologic Setting and Ground Water Flow Beneath a Section of Indian River Bay, Delaware

The small bays along the Atlantic coast of the Delmarva Peninsula (Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia) are a valuable natural resource, and an asset for commerce and recreation. These coastal bays also are vulnerable to eutrophication from the input of excess nutrients derived from agriculture and other human activities in the watersheds. Ground water discharge may be an appreciable source of fresh water and a transport pathway for nutrients entering the bays. This paper presents results from an investigation of the physical properties of the surficial aquifer and the processes associated with ground water flow beneath Indian River Bay, Delaware. A key aspect of the project was the deployment of a new technology, streaming horizontal resistivity, to map the subsurface distribution of fresh and saline ground water beneath the bay. The resistivity profiles showed complex patterns of ground water flow, modes of mixing, and submarine ground water discharge. Cores, gamma and electromagnetic-induction logs, and in situ ground water samples collected during a coring operation in Indian River Bay verified the interpretation of the resistivity profiles. The shore-parallel resistivity lines show subsurface zones of fresh ground water alternating with zones dominated by the flow of salt water from the estuary down into the aquifer. Advective flow produces plumes of fresh ground water 400 to 600 m wide and 20 m thick that may extend more than 1 km beneath the estuary. Zones of dispersive mixing between fresh and saline ground water develop on the upper, lower, and lateral boundaries of the plume. The plumes generally underlie small incised valleys that can be traced landward to streams draining the upland. The incised valleys are filled with 1 to 2 m of silt and peat that act as a semiconfining layer to restrict the downward flow of salt water from the estuary. Active circulation of both the fresh and saline ground water masses beneath the bay is inferred from the geophysical results and supported by geochemical data.
An insight into high-resolution mass-spectrometry data

Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool with much promise in global proteomic studies. The discipline of statistics offers robust methodologies to extract and interpret high-dimensional mass-spectrometry data and will be a valuable contributor to the field. Here, we describe the process by which data are produced, characteristics of the data, and the analytical preprocessing steps that are taken in order to interpret the data and use it in downstream statistical analyses. Because of the complexity of data acquisition, statistical methods developed for gene expression microarray data are not directly applicable to proteomic data. Areas in need of statistical research for proteomic data include alignment, experimental design, abundance normalization, and statistical analysis.
Whither Psychiatric Diagnosis

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the development of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), its purposes and limitations, and the psychiatric nosologies which may emerge from advances in psychiatric research and which may supersede the current classification system. Method: A review of the methodology used to develop DSM-IV, considered in the context of current and future psychiatric, neurobiological, and genetic research, was undertaken.Results: The DSM-IV is a descriptive nosology that has shaped psychiatric research and clinical practice by providing agreed-upon definitions of psychiatric disorders based on the current state of empirical data. Despite the critical importance of the DSM system of classification, this complex yet limited nosology will eventually be replaced by simpler, more incisive explanatory models of psychiatric illness that reflect the interplay of biological, psychological, environmental and social variables affecting the e...
Why do patients with congestive heart failure tolerate the initiation of beta-blocker therapy?

BACKGROUNDDespite its negative inotropic effects, the initiation of beta-adrenergic blockade is tolerated by patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Accordingly, we examined the acute hemodynamic effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) function and ventriculo-arterial coupling. In addition, isolated myocardium from patients with CHF shows selective beta 1-receptor downregulation, implying a greater role for the beta 2-receptor in maintaining in vivo LV contractility. As a secondary aim, we hypothesized that nonselective beta-adrenergic blockade would have greater negative inotropic effect than beta 1-blockade in patients with CHF.METHODS AND RESULTSPatients with clinical CHF (n = 24) and control patients without CHF (n = 24) were given either the nonselective beta-blocker propranolol or the beta 1-selective blocker metoprolol. LV pressure-volume relations were obtained before and after the administration of intravenous beta-blocker, and measures of LV syst...
Penicillin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Drift in Identical Sequential Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Colonized Healthy Infants

We monitored the timing of acquisition of nasopharyngeal colonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae in 125 healthy infants during their first 2 years of life. S. pneumoniae was isolated at least once from 59 (47%) of 125 infants aged between 2 and 18 months. Twenty-four infants (19%) were colonized with penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae at some time during the study. During the course of this investigation, we identified sequential pneumococcal isolates of the same serotype from 5 infants, in which the penicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) increased over time. For 4 of the 5 infants, sequential isolates were identical, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Sequential S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal isolates from some healthy infants demonstrated drift in penicillin MIC values over time, from penicillin-susceptible to penicillin-resistant.
Local Environmental Groups and the Creation of Social Capital: Evidence from Vermont

Scholars who have studied local environmental groups in the United States have tended to agree about three related, stylized facts: that such groups are widespread, that they are pursuing a diverse set of activities, and, at least implicitly, that they are creating social capital that significantly affects environmental policy. However, a healthy skepticism about these claims among academics and within the policy community exists due to a lack of significant data to verify them. In this article, (1) we collect and interpret data to demonstrate, in two counties of Vermont, that local environmental groups are indeed pursuing a diverse set of activities, developing a typology of these groups based on their main focus; (2) we show the groups are developing and maintaining social capital; and (3) we illustrate how these methodologies can enhance the literature on local environmental groups by testing claims about the extent and influence of these groups.
Light-duty electric vehicles to improve the integrity of the electricity grid through Vehicle-to-Grid technology: Analysis of regional net revenue and emissions savings

Abstract Vehicle to Grid technologies utilize idle EV battery power as a grid storage tool to meet fluctuating electric power demands. Vehicle to Grid systems are promising substitutes for traditional gas turbine generators, which are relatively inefficient and have high emissions impacts. The purpose of this study is to predict the future net revenue and life cycle emissions savings of Vehicle to Grid technologies for use in ancillary (regulation) services on a regional basis in the United States. In this paper, the emissions savings and net revenue calculations are conducted with respect to five different Independent System Operator/Regional Transmission Organization regions, after which future EV market penetration rates are predicted using an Agent-Based Model designed to account for various uncertainties, including regulation service payments, regulation signal features, and battery degradation. Finally, the concept of Exploratory Modeling and Analysis is used to estimate the future net revenue and emissions savings of integrating Vehicle to Grid technology into the grid, considering the inherent uncertainties of the system. The results indicate that, for a single vehicle, the net revenue of Vehicle to Grid services is highest for the New York region, which is approximately $42,000 per vehicle on average. However, the PJM region has an approximately $97 million overall net revenue potential, given the 38,200 Vehicle to Grid-service-available electric vehicles estimated to be on the road in the future in the PJM region, which is the highest among the studied regions.
Alternative Food Networks and the Labor of Food Provisioning: A Third Shift?

Scholars have increasingly examined the sphere of consumption in alternative food networks (AFNs). However, research has largely overlooked women's experiences as food provisioners. This is problematic, as AFNs prescribe practices that could be expanding women's food provisioning labor. This article addresses this gap in the literature by examining how the physical labor of food provisioning varies for women engaged in AFNs relative to those not engaged in AFNs, and how diverse AFNs as well as socioeconomic status (SES) influence the labor of food provisioning for women engaged in AFNs. Using data from the 2012 Ohio Survey of Food, Agriculture and Environmental Issues, I demonstrate that women engaged in AFNs, relative to women not engaged in AFNs, exert more physical labor in food provisioning, that prioritizing local food systems involves more physical labor than prioritizing organic foods, and that women with lower household incomes who prioritize organic foods exert greater physical labor in food provisioning than women with higher incomes who prioritize organic foods. I conclude by arguing that women who prioritize local food systems are engaging in a third shift and that greater attention should be paid to the role of SES in shaping women's experiences as food provisioners in AFNs.
PHYSICAL THERAPY FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CERVICAL DISCECTOMY AND FUSION: A STUDY OF CURRENT CLINICAL PRACTICE AND THERAPIST BELIEFS

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a commonly performed surgical procedure. However, there is substantial debate regarding the role of physical therapy following this procedure. Therefore, we sought to determine current physical therapy practice following ACDF surgery, as well as determine physical therapists beliefs regarding rehabilitation following ACDF.Methods: One hundred and eighty three licensed Physical Therapists were invited to participate in a descriptive internet based survey; a total of 53 (29%) completed the survey. Physical Therapists were assessed for their current practice, asked to rate the clinical usefulness of various treatment modalities, and indicate their recommendations regarding post-operative physical therapy for subjects following anterior discectomy and fusion. Results were then assessed for frequency distributions, with chi-square analysis for association between demographic data and practice recommendations.Results: The results indicate that Physical Therapists believe patients achieve superior outcomes with the inclusion of post-operative physical therapy, with a low risk of harm. Specific treatments indicated as most useful included endurance exercise (60.4%), isometric strengthening (56.6%), and stretching (45.3%). Other treatment options are discussed in detail.Conclusion: Physical Therapists identified specific activities that they felt were most appropriate for rehabilitation following ACDF surgery. These findings may help to direct both appropriate therapy prescription following ACDF, as well as future research.
The Socioeconomic Structure of an Urban Area

The study of behavior within an urban area, important to retail location research and studies of product purchase behavior, includes essential managerial, conceptual, and methodological issues. The managerial issue is the discovery of relationships between urban socioeconomic structure and market behavior that are useful to decision makers; the conceptual issue is the assumption of a particular environment-market response relationship; and the methodological issue is the choice of a technique that produces viable results from the managerial, conceptual, and statistical viewpoints. In this paper, cluster analysis is applied to the study of urban socioeconomic structure and then assessed for managerial and conceptual viability. Our purpose is threefold: (1) to show methodologically that such clustering can be done; (2) to show that results have at least face validity; and (3) to suggest implications for the study of retail location and product purchase behavior. METHOD
Application and effect evaluation of standardized intervention pathway in improving compliance of measles containing vaccine in children

Objective To assess the application of standardized intervention pathway in improving compliance of measles containing vaccine in children. Methods A standardized intervention pathway in compliance of measles containing vaccine was developed based on the practical work of vaccination clinics.Children with vaccinated card at central Huzhou vaccination clinic born from April 1to June 30,2013 were enrolled into intervention group by cluster sampling method,while children born in the same period of 2012 with vaccinated card at the same vaccination clinic were chosen into control group.Vaccination rates and timely vaccination rates were compared between two groups. Results The vaccination rates and timely vaccination rates of children in intervention group and among local children in this group were significantly higher compared with those in control group and among non-local children(97.96%vs 94.50%,98.92%vs 95.34%,90.14%vs 87.40%,75.05% vs 72.82%,P0.01).After the intervention,the vaccine coverage rate increased greatly among local children compared to non-local ones(t=3.67,P 0.05).Being ill was the main reason of not getting vaccinated on time,accounted for 57.76% of children in intervention group and 77.36% of children from local areas,while majority of non-local children(63.64%)could not get vaccinated because of illness,the difference was significant(χ2=7.33,P0.01).The common reasons of not being vaccinated among non-local children were lost contact(phone turned off or out of service),forgetting the vaccination date and having no time to go with their children for vaccination,the percentages were significantly higher compared to local children(23.68%vs 2.74%,18.42%vs 5.48%,15.79%vs 4.11%,P=0.036,0.001,0.041). Conclusions The standardized intervention pathway can improve the compliance of measles containing vaccine among children by increasing both the vaccination rate and timely vaccination rate.
Foundation of Synthetical Assessment Index System about Industry Enterprise's Competence

According to the weakness of traditional assessment on enterprise management and the system theories, this paper proposes a set of synthetical assessing indexes and sets up a synthetical assessment model.
Reviews of Science for Science Librarians: Particle Detectors

ABSTRACTParticle detectors have played an important role in scientific observation since their creation over a hundred years ago, contributing to the discovery of elementary particles, advancing the fields of astrophysics and high-energy nuclear and particle physics, and impacting biology, nuclear medicine, and environmental studies. An examination of the literature demonstrates an increasing amount of research on particle detectors over the past two decades. This article describes the literature trends and reviews the types and contributions of particle detectors over time.
Navigating Return to Work and Breastfeeding in a Hospital with a Comprehensive Employee Lactation Program: The Voices of Mothers

Background:The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding details the need for comprehensive employer lactation support programs. Our institution has an extensive employee lactation program, and our breastfeeding initiation and continuation rates are statistically significantly higher than state and national data, with more than 20% of our employees breastfeeding for more than 1 year.Objective:The objective of this research was complete secondary data analysis of qualitative data collected as part of a larger study on breastfeeding outcomes. In the larger study, 545 women who returned to work full or part time completed an online survey with the ability to provide free text qualitative data and feedback regarding their experiences with breastfeeding after return to work.Methods:Qualitative data were pulled from the online survey platform. The responses to these questions were analyzed using conventional content analysis by the research team (2 PhD-prepared nurse researchers trained and expe...
Chipping and crushing mechanisms in orthogonal rock cutting

Abstract The understanding of rock removal mechanisms, as one of the essential elements for advancing the cutting performance of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters, is still incomplete. This paper is seeking to formulate a cutting theory to analytically explain how rock interacts with PDC cutters in a simple cutting configuration – linear cutting. In the proposed approach, a rock crushing zone is introduced at the rock-cutter interface beneath the cutter's rake face, namely the Tip Crushing Zone (TCZ), which, as a destruction kernel, is responsible for both the crushing and chipping phenomena occurring in the cutting process. The physical aspects of these two disparate chip formation mechanisms are discussed. Moreover, closed form expressions for the cutting and thrust forces are derived based on the equilibrium of moments and on the minimum chipping energy principle. To evaluate the force model, comprehensive linear rock cutting tests were conducted on a newly developed rock cutting facility. Both the chip formation phenomena and force responses are in good agreement with the newly proposed theory.
Transforming Research on Diversity and Firm Performance: A Dynamic Capabilities Perspective

Despite a growing body of literature on diversity and firm performance, our review of research across fields, theoretical traditions, and levels of analysis suggests that the relationship is not a ...
Huntington’s Disease—Update on Treatments

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor, behavioral, and cognitive decline, ending in death. Despite the discovery of the underlying genetic mutation more than 20 years ago, treatment remains focused on symptomatic management. Chorea, the most recognizable symptom, responds to medication that reduces dopaminergic neurotransmission. Psychiatric symptoms such as depression and anxiety may also respond well to symptomatic therapies. Unfortunately, many other symptoms do not respond to current treatments. Furthermore, high-quality evidence for treatment of HD in general remains limited. To date, there has been minimal success with identifying a disease-modifying therapy based upon molecular models. However, one of the emerging gene silencing techniques may provide a breakthrough in treating this devastating disease.
Towards a variable topology truss for shoring

This paper introduces a new type of versatile modular reconfigurable robot. This robot is a self-reconfigurable truss structure. The requirements and challenges involved to build a functioning system are explored. These include the functional requirements, and the implications on hardware design, software issues and topological analysis. One potential application for this robot is the shoring of damaged structures during search and rescue operations.
A simple and efficient protocol for screening boron-dipyrromethene dyes using TD-DFT and an examination of the aryl-meso position

Abstract BMK (Boese-Martin for Kinetics) and CAM-B3LYP (coulomb-attenuating method-Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr) are evaluated as functionals in the calculation of the absorption wavelengths of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorescent dyes using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). We discovered that a computational protocol using CAM-B3LYP/cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/6-31G ∗ with a polarization-continuum model (PCM) was able to predict the absorption wavelengths of BODIPY compounds and matched experimental measurements fairly well when an empirical correction was applied with an average error of 7.1 nm. Then, using our computational protocol, we synthesized a few novel BODIPY compounds in which we were able to explore the effect of substitution to an aryl-meso ring on BODIPY compounds and confirmed a small effect on the λ max for these compounds which was able to modify the absorbance up to 10 nm. Based on these findings, modifications at the aryl-meso position are insufficient to cause large enough bathochromic shifts in the main spectral band to move the absorbance band of BODIPY molecules into the near-IR range.
Information recall in a mobile VR disability simulation

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the sense of presence on one aspect of learning, information recall, in a mobile immersive virtual reality (VR) disability simulation (DS). Previous research has found that the use of VR technology in education may facilitate improved learning outcomes. However, it is still an active research topic as the learning outcomes can vary widely and from a practical perspective, mobile VR displays may improve the accessibility of VR while keeping costs low. We hypothesized that a higher level of immersion and involvement in a mobile VR disability simulation that leads to a high sense of presence will help the user to improve information recall. We also looked into whether there is any adverse effect of cybersickness on the information recall task in our DS. The results from our study suggest that participants were able to recall the information effectively and that mobile immersive VR is a feasible modality to facilitate post experience information recall.
AFFECT AND MATERIALITY IN ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS USAGE: SETTING THE STAGE FOR USER EXPERIENCE

Drawing on the fields of organisational theory, information systems and human-computer interaction, this paper proposes a novel perspective for studying information systems usage by individuals in organisations – in this case, in the back office of a major US-based accounting firm. By conceptualising usage as a holistic user experience – a situated and temporally emergent inseparable mesh of behaviour, bodily movements, perception, cognition and affect – the researcher can avoid misleading reductionism and the overly simplistic reasoning of technological or social determinism. To demonstrate empirically the value of this perspective, the paper focuses on the intertwining of two aspects commonly ignored in prior information systems literature – the affective and the material. Building on Pickering’s (1993) “mangle of practice”, and on the literatures on moods (Bless and Fiedler, 2006), identity (Ashforth and Mael, 1989) and sociomateriality (Orlikowski, 2010), the entanglement of human identity, affective states and enterprise systems materiality is examined, based on observational and interview data. The findings suggest that adopting this theoretical perspective facilitates understanding of the complex, situated nature of enterprise systems usage.
Medical Family Therapy in Alcohol and Drug Treatment

The prevalence rates of licit and illicit substances in the United States of America (USA) suggest that medical family therapists (MedFTs) and other behavioral health providers will undoubtedly encounter individuals or families struggling with substance use. In any given year, around half of Americans use alcohol, a quarter are binge alcohol users (i.e., five or more drinks on a single occasion), and about 6.5% are heavy alcohol users (i.e., those who binge 5 or more days in a 30-day period) (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 2014). For illicit drugs, around 9.4% of Americans are current users, the majority of which are using marijuana (SAMHSA, 2014). A MedFT involved in an integrated behavioral healthcare (IBHC) team to treat alcohol, and drug issues will need to be aware of the complex physiological and social effects that substances can have, as well as the interplay of these factors on the disorder. In some cases, patients may see the use as benign and underreport it, and it may have unexpected effects on the patient or family system that are not immediately recognizable. Other patients may present for treatment for a different problem while at the same time having an undiagnosed or untreated substance use problem. MedFTs are crucial members of treatment teams who can attend to these intricacies.
Can States Impose Registration Requirements on Online Charitable Solicitors

States have regulated charities for at least the past four hundred years.' Such regulations protect charitable institutions by ensuring that only legitimate charitable organizations receive the tax and other benefits accorded to nonprofits with a public purpose. They also protect consumers from fraud and abuse.3 State regulations seek to prevent the "fraud and unethical behavior [that is commonly reported] in [the] daily newspapers."4 Solicitation laws further aim to protect the public interest and provide a source of information on charities.5 Thirty-eight states and the District of Columbia require charities to register in-state and file financial and other information prior to soliciting in those states. Charities have expanded their traditional fundraising methods and are increasingly raising significant amounts of money through the Internet. In one month in 1999, the Red Cross raised over $1 million online to aid Kosovo refugees.7 World Vision, a Christian humanitarian group that sends relief workers throughout the world and spon-
Is self-promotion evaluated more positively if it is accurate? Reexamining the role of accuracy and modesty on the perception of self-promotion

AbstractThe present research sought to conceptually replicate and extend previous research showing that accurate self-promotional claims were associated with more favorable interpersonal evaluations than inaccurate claims, but that modest self-claims were evaluated most favorably. Across two experiments we found consistent evidence that a self-promotional claim paired with information that substantiates the claim is associated with more favorable interpersonal evaluations compared to when the claim is unsubstantiated. Despite proposed generational increases in narcissism and public venues for self-promotion, we found that that modest claims are evaluated even more positively than self-promotional claims. The discussion emphasizes the contribution of these findings to an understanding of the consequences of self-promotion.
Children, War, and Moral Injury

Moral development, like spiritual development, cannot be defined by one simple statement. It involves several elements and is heavily influenced by cultural norms and contextual experiences within ...
Fast Primary Frequency Response using Coordinated DER and Flexible Loads: Framework and Residential-scale Demonstration

Methods for supporting grid frequency stabilization using widespread flexible load and DER are becoming essential as the portion of synchronous generation decreases. This article develops a framework for providing fast primary frequency response that leverages deferrable loads and DER coordinated using high-speed measurements in real time to ensure that local objectives are met. The framework is demonstrated in a residential-scale experiment with four household appliances and an inverter. The effectiveness of an example load management algorithm is demonstrated using three underfrequency anomaly test cases. The experimental data corroborates that in all cases, the entire coordinated response, from detection and measurement of a frequency anomaly to completed coordinated net-load response, is completed within 143 ms (~8.5 cycles).
Dynamic and Static Stability

The motion of dynamical systems is strongly dependent on whether their behavior is stable or unstable. This chapter obtains the conditions which determine stability for certain types of systems that we have analyzed in previous chapters, using a direct method that involves the properties of the potential energy or the dynamic potential energy. We also discuss an indirect method that first requires the linearization of the equations of motion, but which is applicable to a wider class of systems. Since the direct dynamic stability method relies on the behavior of the potential energy, a quantity that in most dynamical systems is independent of time, this stability criterion is also applicable to static systems, i.e., systems that are designed to inherently be in equilibrium. Stability of static systems is rarely treated in any depth in traditional statics or dynamics courses so we will also analyze some of the important ways in which such static systems can lose stability.
Relationship between middle cerebral parent artery asymmetry and middle cerebral artery aneurysm rupture risk factors

OBJECTIVE The exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cerebral aneurysm formation remain unclear. Asymmetrical local vascular geometry may play a role in aneurysm formation and progression. The object of this study was to investigate the association between the geometric asymmetry of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the presence of MCA aneurysms and associated high-risk features. METHODS Using a retrospective case-control study design, the authors examined MCA anatomy in all patients who had been diagnosed with an MCA aneurysm in the period from 2008 to 2017 at the University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center. Geometric features of the MCA ipsilateral to MCA aneurysms were compared with those of the unaffected contralateral side (secondary control group). Then, MCA geometry was compared between patients with MCA aneurysms and patients who had undergone CTA for suspected vascular pathology but were ultimately found to have normal intracranial vasculature (primary control group). Parent vessel and aneurysm morphological parameters were measured, calculated, and compared between case and control groups. Associations between geometric parameters and high-risk aneurysm features were identified. RESULTS The authors included 247 patients (158 cases and 89 controls) in the study. The aneurysm study group consisted of significantly more women and smokers than the primary control group. Patients with MCA bifurcation aneurysms had lower parent artery inflow angles (p = 0.01), lower parent artery tortuosity (p < 0.01), longer parent artery total length (p = 0.03), and a significantly greater length difference between ipsilateral and contralateral prebifurcation MCAs (p < 0.01) than those in primary controls. Type 2 MCA aneurysms (n = 89) were more likely to be associated with dome irregularity or a daughter sac and were more likely to have a higher cumulative total of high-risk features than type 1 MCA aneurysms (n = 69). CONCLUSIONS Data in this study demonstrated that a greater degree of parent artery asymmetry for MCA aneurysms is associated with high-risk features. The authors also found that the presence of a long and less tortuous parent artery upstream of an MCA aneurysm is a common phenotype that is associated with a higher risk profile. The aneurysm parameters are easily measurable and are novel radiographic biomarkers for aneurysm risk assessment.
S-Adamantyl Group Directed Site-Selective Acylation: Applications in Streamlined Assembly of Oligosaccharides

The site-selective functionalization of carbohydrates is an active area of research. Reported here is the surprising observation that the sterically encumbered adamantyl group directed site-selective acylation at the C2 position of S-glycosides through dispersion interactions between the adamantyl C-H bonds and the π system of the cationic acylated catalyst, which may have broad implications in many other chemical reactions. Because of their stability, chemical orthogonality, and ease of activation for glycosylation, the site-selective acylation of S-glycosides streamlines oligosaccharide synthesis and will have wide applications in complex carbohydrate synthesis.
Earth keepers : a sourcebook for environmental issues and action

Literary Nonfiction. Environmental Studies. EARTH KEEPERS is a uniquely user-friendly guide to environmental theory and action by the hosts of the nationally syndicated radio program EarthWatch. This sourcebook explains root causes of many of the earth's pressing problems, along with specific suggestions for addressing them.
Determinants of the Gender Gap in the Proportion of Managers Among White-Collar Regular Employees

This chapter analyzes determinants of gender differences in the proportion of managers among white-collar regular workers by using linked data on employers and employees in Japanese firms. First, the chapter shows that the reasons for “having few or no female managers” given in response to employer surveys conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, such as a “high rate of job quitting among women”, cannot be considered genuinely major causes, even though they are among the minor ones. This is because the proportion of managers among female college graduates is far lower than that among male high school graduates, even given the same number of years working for the current employer. The fundamental problem lies in “pre-modern” human-resource management whereby gender, as an ascribed status, is given greater weight than educational attainment in determining who will become managers. The chapter also shows that only about 20% of the gender difference in the proportion of managers is explained by the difference in human capital characteristics between men and women; that in order to become managers, long working hours seem to be required more for women than for men; that the proportion of managers increases for men and decreases for women, depending on the age of their last child, in a way that suggests a reinforcement of traditional gender roles by employers; and that firms with centers dedicated to promoting work–life balance among employees have smaller gender gaps in the proportion of managers.
Feed intake and apparent digestibility of hay-supplemented brassica diets for lambs.

Animal performance on brassica diets often does not reflect laboratory estimates of the nutritive value of the herbage. Hay supplementation of brassica pastures should increase diet DM and fiber intake and dilute anti-quality factors. The optimal hay:brassica ratio needed to achieve desirable animal performance, however, has not been established. Effects of changing the hay:brassica ratio on feed and water intake, apparent digestibility of diets, thyroid status, and anemia were examined in five Dorset-cross wether spring lambs (initial BW 32.8 +/- 3.2 kg). The experimental design was a 5 x 5 Latin square with 21-d periods (7 d of adaptation, 6 d of intake measurement, and an 8-d digestion trial with jugular blood drawn on last day). Diets contained chopped grass hay and tyfon (turnip x Chinese cabbage hybrid) at five hay:tyfon ratios (DM basis): 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100. As the proportion of tyfon in the diet increased, there were linear increases (P < .05) in ad libitum DMI (922 to 1,359 g/d), total water intake (1.75 to 13.06 L/d), digestible DMI (401 to 952 g/d), and apparent digestibility of DM (55.9 to 86.3%), CP (52.9 to 84.5%), and neutral detergent solubles (57.2 to 88.5%). Hay plus tyfon diets exhibited negative associative effects for apparent digestibility of NDF, ADF, and cellulose. Plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine, packed cell volume, red blood count, and hemoglobin concentration were not affected by diet. Tyfon influenced DMI and apparent digestibility of diets in a manner similar to that of a concentrate.
The Quest for High(er) T c in BaBiO 3 -Based Heterostructures

Almost all known superconductors with high Tc have layered structure and are quasi two-dimensional (2D) electronically. Among those that are not, hole-doped BaBiO3 has the highest Tc (and also the highest among all oxides other than cuprates). Coincidentally, Bi is a valence-skipping element and a natural candidate for a negative-U center, with the potential of enhancing superconductivity, as often pointed out by Ted Geballe. With this motivation, we have been trying to synthesize quasi-2D embodiments of BaBiO3. The technique we use is atomic-layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy (ALL-MBE), which allows for “digital” synthesis of atomically precise heterostructures and superlattices. We have succeeded in synthesizing some novel, artificial, metastable, layered compounds such as Ba3Bi2LaO9. So far, neither has shown superconductivity, but we will persist in trying.
Health Care Disparities in Urologic Oncology: A Systematic Review

For prostate cancer, we review racial differences in incidence, androgen pathways, growth factors, tumor location, rate of definitive treatment, and outcomes. We review the effect of race on risk-stratification and discuss studies of active surveillance in the African American population. For bladder cancer, race- and gender- associated differences in incidence, sex hormone pathways. For renal cell carcinoma, disparities in incidence, genetic factors, tumor pathology, time to presentation, and disease specific survival have been observed. We evaluate the impact of race and ethnicity on tumor pathology and discuss gaps in our current understanding of renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis.
USM3D Analyses in Support of the NASA Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel Test of Boundary-Layer Thickener Configurations

A wind tunnel test was performed in the 0.3-Meter Cryogenic Transonic Tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center to investigate the impact of various boundary layer thickeners on the height and shape of the boundary layer on the aft portion of a semispan fuselage. The present work discusses USM3D analyses that were performed in support of the wind tunnel test. The results consisted of comparisons between USM3D and experimental data for the baseline configuration and two boundary layer thickening configurations. The comparisons considered surface pressure distributions, boundary layer profiles, and calculated boundary layer thicknesses. Additionally, a grid refinement study was performed for each of the three configurations, which illustrated general improvement in the comparisons with increasing grid refinement. Overall, the comparisons show favorable agreement between the USM3D predictions and the experimental data.
Native American and Non-Native American Women Prisoners, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and the Perpetration of Physical Violence in Adult Intimate Relationships:

Native American women are at an especially high risk of lifetime violence, including childhood abuse, intimate partner violence (IPV), and sexual assault, and are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. Yet few studies have examined how the long-term effects of child maltreatment and other adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) affect Native American women prisoners' perpetration of physical violence in adult intimate relationships. This is surprising because ample research illustrates that childhood adverse events, particularly childhood abuse and neglect, have far-reaching effects across the life course and that these experiences are especially apparent in the lives of women involved in the criminal justice system. Using data from a stratified random sample of Native American (n = 92) and non-Native American (n = 264) women prisoners in Oklahoma, we explore the relationships between individual, cumulative, and clusters of ACEs as they relate to the use of physical violence in adult intimate relationships. Utilizing a feminist life course theoretical framework, our findings indicate that ACEs are not only critical to understanding adult IPV but also that the mechanisms and processes underlying the relationships between ACEs and the perpetration of physical violence in adult intimate relationships differ for Native American and non-Native American women. The findings of the current study demonstrate that it is imperative that prison programming includes trauma-informed and trauma-specific interventions targeting Native Americans.