cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peptide Reptation as a Mechanism for Rearrangements within a β-Sheet Aggregate

Introduction Many neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of amyloid fibers in the brain, which can occur when a protein misfolds into an extended β-sheet conformation. The nucleation of these β-sheet aggregates is of particular interest, not only because this is the rate determining step towards fiber formation but also because early, soluble aggregate species may be the cytotoxic entities in many diseases. The soluble oligomeric intermediates are difficult to isolate and, due to their large size and dynamic nature, difficult to characterize using traditional biophysical techniques. For these reasons, many studies aimed at studying the aggregation process use small peptides, derived from full length proteins of interest, which also show amyloidogenic behavior. Among the peptides studied extensively include the NFGAIL sequence from the islet amyloid polypeptide, fragments of the prion protein which include the AGAAAAGA amyloidogenic region, and many different fragments of the Alzheimer’s Αβ peptide. In simulations of these peptides, ensembles of β-sheet oligomers are initially formed, including species which have a non-native hydrogen bonding registry or mix parallel and antiparallel organization of the strands. Rearrangements from rapidly formed disordered β-sheets to wellordered oligomers are likely an essential step for forming a template capable of nucleating growth into larger fibrils. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is well suited for probing these systems. β-sheet aggregates give distinctive amide I bands in the IR spectrum, and the inclusion of specific isotope labels in the peptide (isotope-edited IR spectroscopy) gives residuelevel structural details on the peptide conformation, including the detailed registry of strands within the β-sheet [1,2]. In the case of residues 109-122 of the prion protein (peptide H1; Ac-MKHMAGAAAAGAVV-NH2), the initial β-sheet aggregates formed in solution lack a regular register between strands, and stable amyloid fibers only form after the β-strands of the peptide have adopted their equilibrium antiparallel β-sheet configuration with residue 117 in register across all strands [2]. Adoption of this register is required for the formation of stable, twisted fibers of aggregates [3]. In this paper, we present the kinetic details of the realignment of these β-strands from their fast-formed non-equilibrium structure with no regular register of the strands into the more ordered β-sheets capable of aggregating into stable fibers. This process is likely the nucleating step towards the formation of stable fibers.
CHAPTER 7 – Isolation, culture and propagation of dendritic cells

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) are the most commonly used type of human DC, but are only rarely prepared from mice largely because the yield is small, and there are other easier methods available to produce mouse DCs. Blood is obtained by cardiac puncture. PBMCs are separated by density gradient centrifugation and plated at 8–10 million cells/well in a six-well plate. The mouse peritoneal cavity harbors a small resident population of myeloid cells that are generally regarded as being macrophages. Peritoneal contents are recovered by gentle lavage. Mature mouse DCs will differentiate from fetal liver progenitor cells using a stromal cell feeder layer, GM-CSF, Flt-3L, and SCF to induce differentiation, followed by GM-CSF plus TNFα to induce maturation. DCs isolated from mouse myeloma or GM-CSF and CD40L-transduced colon carcinoma cells will activate tumor-specific T cells without exogenous antigen loading.
Burton Orange Longyear, One of Our Early American Gem Cutters

(1963). Burton Orange Longyear, One of Our Early American Gem Cutters. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 38, No. 3-4, pp. 117-124.
Using Computational Errors in Diagnostic Teaching.

The most obvious way to explore what a child is thinking is to talk with the child. In order to learn the most from such a discussion, the teacher should reflect on the computations so as to know which directions to explore. When the child is not immediately present or the diagnostic setting is more formal, as in a clinical setting, this reflection is even more important. Let's examine the three computations. Probably the most obvious item is the strange numeral formation twos written backwards, threes with a strange tail, and the unclear digits in the ones place in the subtrahend of the first and third computations:
Growth of Expressive Syntax in Children With Fragile X Syndrome.

Purpose This research explored syntactic growth in children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) over a 5-year period, and variability in growth in relation to autism symptoms, nonverbal cognition, matern...
Pattern of solid and hematopoietic second malignancy after local therapy for prostate cancer.

Abstract Background and purpose Second malignancies (SM) after external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BT) for prostate cancer (PCa) are rare but serious sequelae. Materials and methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify men diagnosed with cT1-2N0M0 PCa between 1999 and 2005, who underwent EBRT, BT or radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients with time interval to second malignancy or follow-up shorter than five and two years were excluded for solid and hematopoietic SM analyses respectively. Risks for solid and hematopoietic SM were evaluated via the multivariate Fine and Gray proportional hazards model. Results EBRT and BT resulted in similar increases in solid and hematopoietic SM compared to RP. In subgroup analysis stratified by treatment modality, only the EBRT cohort demonstrated significantly decreased solid and hematopoietic SM in years 2002–2005 compared to years 1999–2001, with adjusted-hazard ratios of 0.752 ( p =0.001) and 0.815 ( p =0.018) respectively. Conclusions EBRT and BT resulted in statistically equivalent increase in both solid and hematopoietic SM compared to RP. EBRT in more recent years resulted in significantly decreased solid and hematopoietic SM, coinciding with increased utilization of IMRT.
Task Selection and Workload: A Focus on Completing Easy Tasks Hurts Long-Term Performance

How individuals manage, organize, and complete their tasks is central to operations management. Recent research in operations focuses on how under conditions of increasing workload individuals can decrease their service time, up to a point, in order to complete work more quickly. As the number of tasks increases, however, workers may also manage their workload by a different process – task selection. Drawing on research on workload, individual discretion, and behavioral decision making we theorize and then test that under conditions of increased workload individuals may choose to complete easier tasks in order to manage their load. We label this behavior task completion preference (TCP). Using six years of data from a hospital emergency department we find that physicians engage in TCP, with implications for their performance. Specifically, TCP helps physicians manage variance in service times, however, although it initially appears to improve shift-level throughput volume, after adjusting for the complexity of the work completed, TCP is related to worse throughput. Moreover, we find that engaging in easier tasks, as compared to hard ones is related to lower learning in service times. We then turn to the lab to replicate conceptually the short-term task selection effect under increased workload and show that it occurs due to both fatigue and the sense of progress individuals get from task completion. These findings provide another mechanism for the workload-speedup effect from the literature. We also discuss implications for both research and the practice of operations in building systems to help people succeed.
Food science education in the United States

ABSTRACT Food science education in the United States has been markedly influenced by guidelines developed by the Institute of Food Technologists. The most recent guidelines suggested as ‘minimum standards’ in 1977 are followed by several institutions offering food science curricula in the US. These guidelines identify five core areas, namely, food chemistry, food microbiology, food processing, food engineering, and food analysis. These courses are supplemented with a number of prerequisite courses relevant to each area, and other required and elective courses. The intent of the ‘minimum standards’ is to provide a broad educational experience to a student enrolled in the food science major. Along with the suggested courses, the available resources, faculty and number of students enrolled in the food science major play an important role in the quality of educational offering. Recently, the Educational Committee of the Institute of Food Technologists has taken an aggressive role in surveying the industry and academia for suggestions to modify the ‘minimum standards’. The initial results of the survey reveal important changes that are necessary in the current curricula to meet new challenges for educating the future students in food science.
Between a Sequel and a Market Crash: Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps

Oliver Stone approached his second Wall Street film essentially as a sequel to his 1987 original, although his original take on ﻿Wall Street character types and attitudes was not tied directly to any one historical event. Building on the work of his two screenwriters to capture something of the scale of the 2008 financial crisis, while still maintaining a certain continuity in old and new character dynamics, the director was aware of all the developments ﻿requiring further explication. The volume of subprime mortgage loans that exploded into gargantuan derivative exploitations motivated him to develop an entire supplemental running commentary for the film’s DVD release, providing yet another dimension to sequel adaptation.
Indispensable Amino Acid-Deficient Diets Induce Seizures in Ketogenic Diet-Fed Rodents, Demonstrating a Role for Amino Acid Balance in Dietary Treatments for Epilepsy.

Background Low protein amounts are used in ketogenic diets (KDs), where an essential (indispensable) amino acid (IAA) can become limiting. Because the chemically sensitive, seizurogenic, anterior piriform cortex (APC) is excited by IAA limitation, an imbalanced KD could exacerbate seizure activity. Objective We questioned whether dietary IAA depletion worsens seizure activity in rodents fed KDs. Methods In a series of 6 trials, male rats or gerbils of both sexes (6-8/group) were given either control diets (CDs) appropriate for each trial, a KD, or a threonine-devoid (ThrDev) diet for ≥7 d, and tested for seizures using various stimuli. Microchip analysis of rat APCs was also used to determine if changes in transcripts for structures relevant to seizurogenesis are affected by a ThrDev diet. Glutamate release was measured in microdialysis samples from APCs during the first meal after 7 d on a CD or a ThrDev diet. Results Adult rats showed increased susceptibility to seizures in both chemical (58%) and electroshock (doubled) testing after 7 d on a ThrDev diet compared with CD (each trial, P ≤ 0.05). Seizure-prone Mongolian gerbils had fewer seizures after receiving a KD, but exacerbated seizures (68%) after 1 meal of KD minus Thr (KD-T compared with CD, P < 0.05). In kindled rats fed KD-T, both counts (19%) and severities (77%) of seizures were significantly elevated (KD-T compared with CD, P < 0.05). Gene transcript changes were consistent with enhanced seizure susceptibility (7-21 net-fold increases, P = 0.045-0.001) and glutamate release into the APC was increased acutely (4-fold at 20 min, 2.6-fold at 60 min, P < 0.05) after 7 d on a ThrDev diet. Conclusion Seizure severity in rats and gerbils was reduced after KDs and exacerbated by ThrDev, both in KD- and CD-fed animals, consistent with the mechanistic studies. We suggest that a complete protein profile in KDs may improve IAA balance in the APC, thereby lowering the risk of seizures.
Luisa’s Ghosts: Haunted Legality and Collective Expressions of Pain

Feminist health care providers have debated the efficacy of the decriminalization of abortion in Mexico City. Luisa, a counselor in a private clinic, suggested that while the law has expanded the visibility of, and access to safe abortion, it has also called forth "other ghosts." In this article, I take Luisa's critical perspective as a starting point for examining ongoing criminalization and moral stigma as forms of haunting that arise in the wake of the Mexico City abortion policy. Drawing on ethnographic research, I explore how Luisa's ghosts materialize in the embodied- affective relations between patients in new legal clinics. Women who attend public clinics negotiate moral stigma along with religious and familial pressures in the ways they suffer, as well as normalize abortion as a painful experience. Rather than approach pain as purely a sign of victimization, I suggest that its expression constitutes an effervescent collectivity between women in the clinic, making explicit, while at the same time dissipating, an intractable moral-affective knot that might otherwise be ignored.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Inflow Cannula Angle and Thrombosis Risk.

Background:As heart failure prevalence continues to increase in the setting of a static donor supply, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy for end-stage heart failure continues to grow. An...
The Organization of Projections from Olfactory Glomeruli onto Higher-Order Neurons

Each odorant receptor corresponds to a unique glomerulus in the brain. Projections from different glomeruli then converge in higher brain regions, but we do not understand the logic governing which glomeruli converge and which do not. Here, we use two-photon optogenetics to map glomerular connections onto neurons in the lateral horn, the region of the Drosophila brain that receives the majority of olfactory projections. We identify 39 morphological types of lateral horn neurons (LHNs) and show that different types receive input from different combinations of glomeruli. We find that different LHN types do not have independent inputs; rather, certain combinations of glomeruli converge onto many of the same LHNs and so are over-represented. Notably, many over-represented combinations are composed of glomeruli that prefer chemically dissimilar ligands whose co-occurrence indicates a behaviorally relevant "odor scene." The pattern of glomerulus-LHN connections thus represents a prediction of what ligand combinations will be most salient.
Physical therapist decision-making in managing plantar heel pain: cases from a pragmatic randomized clinical trial.

Plantar heel pain (PHP) is a common condition managed by physical therapists that can, at times, be difficult to treat. Management of PHP is complicated by a variety of pathoanatomic features assoc...
Shallow Water Waves in a Rotating Fluid; Poincaré and Kelvin Waves

We now examine the nature of the waves which serve, among other things, to sculpt the geostrophic final state from an arbitrary initial state. These waves, as we noted earlier, have no potential vorticity, because in the simple models we are examining, the conservation of pv is simply the statement: $$\frac{{\partial q}}{{\partial t}} = 0$$ (13.1a) $$q = \varsigma - \eta \frac{f}{D}$$ (13.1b)
Management of Comorbid Medical Conditions in Schizophrenia

Patients with schizophrenia endure a markedly greater medical disease burden than the general population. In particular, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are highly prevalent and lead to an increased overall mortality. The causes are multifactorial and include lifestyle factors (e.g., poor dietary habits), obstacles related to health care delivery, and the adverse effects of antipsychotic medications. The role of these various factors on the physical health of patients with schizophrenia and practical approaches to their management are discussed in this chapter, as well as the prevalence and management of non-cardiometabolic diseases, such as cancer and infectious diseases. The role of medication and the impact of these diseases on medication selection are discussed in more detail in Chap. 12.
Effective Incremental Ground Velocity for Estimating the Peak Sliding Displacement of Rigid Structures to Pulse-Like Earthquake Ground Motions

AbstractA major consideration in the seismic design of unanchored tanks and equipment and sliding isolation systems is estimation of the peak sliding displacement, which is typically controlled by ...
Effect of microscopic susceptibility gradients on chemical-shift-based fat fraction quantification in supraclavicular fat.

BACKGROUND Susceptibility differences between fat and water can cause changes in the water-fat frequency separation that can negatively affect the accuracy of fat fraction techniques. This may be especially relevant for brown adipose tissue, as MRI fat fraction techniques have been proposed for its detection. PURPOSE To assess the effect of microscopic magnetic susceptibility gradients on the water-fat frequency separation and its impact on chemical-shift-based fat fraction quantification techniques in the supraclavicular fat, where brown adipose tissue is commonly found in humans. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION/SUBJECTS/PHANTOM/SPECIMEN/ANIMAL MODEL Subjects: 11 healthy volunteers, mean age of 26 and mean BMI of 23, three overweight volunteers, mean age of 38 and mean BMI of 33. Phantoms: bovine phantom and intralipid fat emulsion. Simulations: various water-fat distributions. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Six-echo gradient echo chemical-shift-encoded sequence at 3T. ASSESSMENT Fat fraction values as obtained from a water-fat spectral model accounting for susceptibility-induced water-fat frequency variations were directly compared to traditional spectral models that assume constant water-fat frequency separation. STATISTICAL TESTS Two-tail t-tests were used for significance testing (p < 0.05.) A Bayesian Information Criterion difference of 6 between fits was taken as strong evidence of an improved model. RESULTS Phantom experiments and simulation results showed variations of the water-fat frequency separation up to 0.4 ppm and 0.6 ppm, respectively. In the supraclavicular area, the water-fat frequency separation produced by magnetic susceptibility gradients varied by as much as ±0.4 ppm, with a mean of 0.08 ± 0.14 ppm, producing a mean difference in fat fraction of -1.26 ± 5.26%. DATA CONCLUSION In the supraclavicular fat depot, microscopic susceptibility gradients that exist within a voxel between water and fat compartments can produce variations in the water-fat frequency separation. These variations may produce fat fraction quantification errors of 5% when a spectral model with a fixed water-fat frequency separation is applied, which could impact MR brown fat techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:141-151.
Muon disrupts AKT hydrogen bond network in cancer.

A cancer microenvironment generates strong hydrogen bond network system by the positive feedback loops supporting cancer complexity and robustness. Such network functions through the AKT locus generating high entropic energy supporting cancer metastatic robustness. Charged lepton particle muon follows the rule of Bragg effect during a collision with hydrogen network in cancer cells. Muon beam dismantles hydrogen bond network in cancer by the muon-catalyzed fusion, leading to apoptosis of cancer cells. Muon induces cumulative energy appearance on the hydrogen bond network in a cancer cell with its fast decay to an electron and two neutrinos. Thus, muon beam, muonic atom, muon neutrino shower, and electrons simultaneously cause fast neutralization of the AKT hydrogen bond network by the conversion of hydrogen into deuterium or helium, inactivating the hydrogen bond networks and inducing failure of cancer complexity and robustness with the disappearance of a malignant phenotype.
The Law and Economics of Insider Trading 2.0

Insider trading is one of the most controversial aspects of securities regulation, even among the law and economics community. One set of scholars favors deregulation of insider trading, allowing corporations to set their own insider trading policies by contract. Another set of law and economics scholars, in contrast, contends that the property right to inside information should be assigned to the corporation and not subject to contractual reassignment. Deregulatory arguments are typically premised on the claims that insider trading promotes market efficiency or that assigning the property right to inside information to managers is an efficient compensation scheme. Public choice analysis is also a staple of the deregulatory literature, arguing that the insider trading prohibition benefits market professionals and managers rather than investors. The argument in favor of regulating insider trading traditionally was based on fairness issues, which predictably have had little traction in the law and economics community. Instead, the economic argument in favor of mandatory insider trading prohibitions has typically rested on some variant of the economics of property rights in information. This is a chapter from the forthcoming Encyclopedia of Law and Economics (2nd edition 2020).
Post‐Acute Care After Joint Replacement in Medicare's Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative

IMPORTANCE Bundled payments, in which services provided around a care episode are linked together, are being tested under Medicare's Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) program. Reducing post-acute care (PAC) is critical under bundled payment, but little is known about whether this is done through provider selection or consolidation, and whether particular patterns of changes in PAC are associated with success under the program. OBJECTIVE To characterize patterns of change in PAC under lower-extremity joint replacement episodes in BPCI. DESIGN Retrospective difference-in-differences study. SETTING US Medicare, 2013 to 2015. PARTICIPANTS A total of 264 US hospitals participating in BPCI for lower-extremity joint replacement and matched controls. EXPOSURES Participation in BPCI. MEASUREMENTS Use and duration of institutional PAC (proportion discharged to a skilled nursing facility, an inpatient rehabilitation facility, and a long-term care hospital), dispersion of PAC (proportion of discharges to commonly used providers), and quality of PAC (Star Ratings, readmission rates, length of stay, and nurse staffing); part A Medicare payments. RESULTS BPCI participants decreased the use and duration of institutional PAC compared to controls: overall institutional PAC declined 4.4% in BPCI hospitals vs 2.1% in non-BPCI hospitals (difference = -2.2%; P = .033), and duration decreased by 1.6 days in BPCI hospitals compared to 0.0 days in non-BPCI hospitals (difference in differences = -1.5 days; P < .001). However, BPCI participants did not change their PAC referral patterns to reduce dispersion or refer patients to higher-quality PAC providers. Hospitals that were more successful in reducing Medicare payments started with higher payments and higher use of institutional PAC settings and demonstrated greater drops in use and duration of institutional PAC, but no differences in dispersion or referral to high-quality providers. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Reductions in spending under BPCI were driven by a shift from higher- to lower-cost discharge settings, and by shortening the duration of institutional PAC. Hospitals that reduced payments the most had the highest spending at baseline. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1027-1035, 2019.
Vertical Structure and Microphysical Characteristics of Frontal Systems Passing over a Three-Dimensional Coastal Mountain Range

AbstractAs midlatitude cyclones pass over a coastal mountain range, the processes producing their clouds and precipitation are modified, leading to considerable spatial variability in precipitation...
OH Production and Jet Length of an Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet for Soft and Biomaterial Treatment

Atmospheric-pressure plasma jets (APPJs) are currently being studied and developed for the biomedical, chemistry, and physics communities because of their ability to produce desirable reactive species at low temperatures and at atmospheric pressures. Due to the high particle densities, small scales, and nonequilibrium nature of these plasmas, they can be difficult to predict and compare across devices. In this article, a plasma jet is operated over a range of conditions and characterized by using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and synchronized imaging. The effect of the operating conditions on the gas temperature, jet length, plasma formation, and reactive species produced is reported. The jet is intended for the treatment of soft polymer and bio materials; thus, OH emissions were focused upon. It was found that OH production is dependent on gas flow and plasma density, while reactive nitrogen species are dependent on the plasma interaction with the surrounding air. In general, increasing voltage and frequency resulted in an increase of the reactive species produced. Higher flow rates increase the OH production, while lower flow rates improve the production of reactive nitrogen species. Higher flow rates and voltages also increase the jet length. The presence of each species is additionally dependent on the location relative to the plasma jet. The OH emissions decrease as the distance from the plasma source increases.
Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) liquid nicotine exposure in young children presenting to US emergency departments, 2018

Increased use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in the United States (U.S.) has been related to acute adverse events from liquid nicotine exposure. Previous studies have reported on these events through 2017. We used 2018 National Emergency Injury Surveillance System data to generate national estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ENDS liquid nicotine-related poisonings among children under age 5 treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs). In 2018, an estimated 885 (95% CI: 397–1374) poisoning cases related to liquid nicotine among children under 5 were treated in U.S. EDs, which was a non-statistically signficant increase from 2017 (411 poisoning cases, 95% CI: 84–738). The most common route of exposure was through ingestion (99.4%). The majority of cases were treated and released from the hospital (90.0%), 8.9% of the cases left the hospital without being seen, and 1.1% of the cases were treated and admitted to the hospital. This study provides updated national estimates of poisoning events related to liquid nicotine exposure that occurred in 2018 among children under age 5. Updated information from this study may complement public education efforts and prevent liquid nicotine exposure among children.
Harmonizing Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2: A time-series-based reflectance adjustment approach

Abstract We developed a Time-series-based Reflectance Adjustment (TRA) approach for reducing the reflectance differences between Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 observations. This TRA approach used the time series of matched Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 observations to build linear regression models to adjust reflectance differences between the two sensors for each individual pixel and each spectral band. We evaluated this approach for the NASA harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) surface reflectance product (V1.4; https://hls.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/v1.4/ ) and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance with approximately 4 years of temporal coverage at five Military Grid Reference System (MGRS) tiles. Using this approach, the surface reflectance difference between Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 in the HLS product reduced 45% for the blue band, 42% for the green band, 38% for the red band, 30% for the Near Infrared (NIR) band, 37% for the Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) 1 band, and 32% for the SWIR2 band. The TRA approach also reduced TOA reflectance difference between Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 substantially, in which the blue band reduced 46%, the green and NIR bands reduced 42%, the red band reduced 48%, and the SWIR1 and SWIR2 bands reduced 44%. If the high aerosol observations were screened, the reflectance differences in the HLS product could be further reduced by 2–4% and the TOA reflectance differences could be further reduced by 3–6% for the six spectral bands. The TRA approach has also shown good results in reserving the spatial patterns and the heterogeneity of land surface. The transformation parameters estimated from the TRA approach can be directly used for future Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 reflectance adjustment, with slightly lower (5%) reduction of reflectance difference.
Developmental regulation of oocyte lipid uptake via ′patent′ tricellular junctions in Drosophila epithelium

Epithelia form protective permeability barriers that selectively allow the exchange of material while maintaining tissue integrity under extreme mechanical, chemical, and bacterial loads. Here, we report in the Drosophila follicular epithelium a developmentally regulated and evolutionarily conserved process, ′patency′, wherein a breach is created in the epithelium at tricellular junctions during mid-vitellogenesis. Crucial for lipid uptake by the oocyte, patency is also exploited by endosymbionts. Our findings in this study reveal a novel developmentally regulated trans-epithelial transport mechanism in a classic model system.
Suicidal Thoughts, Behaviors, and Event-Related Potentials: A Meta-Analysis

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are thought to be the result, at least in part, of abnormalities in various neural systems. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a useful method for studying neural activity, and can be leveraged to study neural deficits related to STBs, but it is unknown how effective ERPs are at differentiating various STB groups. The present meta-analysis examined how well ERPs can differentiate those with and without suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and those determined to be at different levels of suicide risk, or suicidality. Our meta-analysis included 192 effect sizes from 24 studies. We used a random effects meta-analysis and found a small-to-moderate relationship between ERPs and STBs. However, we also found evidence that the literature may be suffering from small sample publication bias. Our results suggest that ERPs may compliment other approaches, such as fMRI, in the study of the neurobiology of individuals with STBs. However, the clinical utility of ERPs to predict STBs remains to be tested, and larger samples are needed to confirm the results of the present meta-analysis.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SADNESS AND SYMPTOM SEVERITY IN PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT PATIENTS WITH HIP PAIN

Background:Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used by hip surgeons to assess treatment outcomes.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient-reported sadness and its associa...
Chapter 39 – Vitamin C

: Vitamin C is a powerful reducing agent that participates in several important hydroxylation reactions. Na+-coupled transporters help to facilitate entry of vitamin C into cells. Glial cells in the brain regenerate vitamin C from DHA. Vitamin C is needed for collagen, carnitine, catecholamine, and bile acid biosynthesis. Oxalate is a natural degradation product of vitamin C. Vitamin C uses Fe++ and Cu++ as cofactors, and it enhances intestinal Fe++ absorption. Vitamin C deficiency can result in “scurvy.” Although most mammals can synthesize vitamin C from glucose, it cannot be formed in primates, fish, flying mammals, songbirds, or the guinea pig. Vitamin C is a natural preservative added to pet food products
Erroneously old radiocarbon ages from terrestrial pollen concentrates in yellowstone lake, wyoming, usa

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of pollen concentrates is often used in lake sediment records where large, terrestrial plant remains are unavailable. Ages produced from chemically concentrated pollen as well as manually picked Pinaceae grains in Yellowstone Lake (Wyoming) sediments were consistently 1700–4300 cal years older than ages established by terrestrial plant remains, tephrochronology, and the age of the sediment-water interface. Previous studies have successfully utilized the same laboratory space and methods, suggesting the source of old-carbon contamination is specific to these samples. Manually picking pollen grains precludes admixture of non-pollen materials. Furthermore, no clear source of old pollen grains occurs on the deglaciated landscape, making reworking of old pollen grains unlikely. High volumes of CO2 are degassed in the Yellowstone Caldera, potentially introducing old carbon to pollen. While uptake of old CO2 through photosynthesis is minor (F14C approximately 0.99), old-carbon contamination may still take place in the water column or in surficial lake sediments. It remains unclear, however, what mechanism allows for the erroneous ages of highly refractory pollen grains while terrestrial plant remains were unaffected. In the absence of a satisfactory explanation for erroneously old radiocarbon ages from pollen concentrates, we propose steps for further study.
When to Account for the Patient? The Effect of Clinical Treatment of Social Determinants of Health on Patient Health Outcomes

Due to the ever-increasing availability of personalized patient information, it is vital for us in healthcare operations management to understand how physicians utilize this information to make their treatment decisions. One set of information that medical educators have encouraged clinicians to account for are a patient’s social determinants of health (SDOH), as we know from the personalized medicine literature that acknowledging patient-specific uniqueness is associated with optimal health outcomes. However, in circumstances where physicians receive no formal training in patient sensitivity, we posit that physicians may still intuitively adjust treatment programs from standard practices due to the influence of a patient’s socioeconomic status. It is crucial to understand how SDOH driven treatment adjustments are taking place and how they affect a patient’s short-term and long-term health outcomes. We explore using a two-phase model whether SDOH factors affect the quality of care a patient receives during initial treatment visits and whether these variations in quality significantly impact readmission likelihood. Our data show physicians do account for SDOH when making treatment decisions, but these adjustments do not impact long-term health outcomes. However, SDOH factors still impact readmission likelihood, indicating that physician treatment adjustments are having an indirect effect on patient engagement post-care.
Differential Growth in Writing Quality of Students in Fifth Grade from Diverse Backgrounds

The primary aims of this study were to: (a) to describe average change in the writing quality of fifth grade students from the fall and spring of the school year, (b) examine relations between ling...
Using post-synthetic ligand modification to imprint chirality onto the electronic states of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanoparticles

This study presents a post-synthetic ligand modification strategy for the generation of chiroptically active, blue emitting CsPbBr3 nanoparticles (NPs) – an expansion to the library of 3D chiral perovskite nanomaterials. Addition of [R- and S-] 1-phenylethylamine, 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine, or 2-aminooctane to the synthesized CsPbBr3 NPs is shown to induce Cotton effects in the NP first exciton transition, suggestive of a successful electronic coupling between the chiral ligands and the NPs. The availability of these chiral CsPbBr3 NPs thrusts them into the forefront of perovskite nanomaterials for examining the implications of the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect and other applications in spintronics.
Computer‐Based Test Interpretation

Personality assessment has become an integral component in clinical and forensic psychological practice. Moreover, practitioners have increasingly come to rely on computers in conducting personality assessments by using them to assist in conducting clinical interviews; obtaining self-reports of symptoms, attitudes, and behavior; summarizing and integrating test correlates; and developing psychological reports to summarize test results (Atlis, Hahn, & Butcher, 2006). Keywords: computer based assessment; Exner system; 16 PF inventory; MMPI-2; Minnesota reports; computer-based Rorschach interpretation; MCMI
SCLEREDEMA "ADULTORUMIS" IN CHILDREN Report of Three Cases with Histochemical Study and Review of World Literature

The literature on scleredema adultorum of Buschke "acute scleriasis" of Piffard) is reviewed, pointing out the clinical features, course, pathology, and therapy of the disease. Three cases of scleredema adultorum occurring in children are described, and the relatively high frequency of the disease in children is emphasized. Histochemical studies demonstrate a probable accumulation of a mucopolysaccharide into and between the collagen fibers of the dermis. The observations suggest that the material is either chondroitin sulfate A or hyaluronic acid. A basis for the accumulation of the increased amounts of the mucopolysaccharides is considered.
Hiring for the green economy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how recruiters at a college career fair perceive sustainability and the knowledge business graduates should have about it. It reports on how recruiters understand sustainability and perceive their organization’s engagement and resulting expectations for new hires. The results indicate that recruiters neither understand sustainability well, nor are suitably informed of their organizations’ needs with respect to this topic. Educators, as a consequence, face a dilemma of how to craft adequate educational experiences, as employer needs are not clearly expressed. The paper concludes with suggestions on how educational institutions can nevertheless proceed with offerings in sustainability education. Design/methodology/approach – The study was performed by conducting personal, structured interviews at a college career fair. Findings – While most respondents considered sustainability to be an important topic, there appears to be a lack of thorough understandin...
Rate distortion optimized design of quantized bandpass filters

In this paper, an efficient and simple cascade structure for the implementation of the multiplierless bandpass filter proposed in (Kamakshi Sivaramakrishnan, et al., (2004)) is shown. The quantization of the proposed cascade structure necessitates a formal design technique for the interdependent bit-widths in the various stages of the cascade. The quantizer design, when formulated as a classical optimization problem of minimum distortion for a given rate (bit resource) constraint is solved using an approach commonly used in dependent quantization scenarios, as in source coding. The otherwise complex problem of optimal resource allocation is solved using some observational heuristics giving a partly greedy solution. This sets up the ground towards achievement of near optimal performance bounds in the rate-distortion sense. The quantization of the cascade filter structure is characterized by a convex hull of the optimal rate-distortion points.
Tunable single-frequency Yb:YAG laser with 1-W output power

We describe a single-frequency diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser that is tunable with an intracavity etalon. The twisted-mode technique was chosen to force single-frequency operation to allow insertion of the intracavity etalon for tuning. Tuning is of interest so that the second harmonic of such a laser could be tuned to an /sup 127/I/sub 2/ spectral line for long-term frequency stabilization.
Combining forecasts to improve earnings per share prediction: An examination of electric utilities

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of combining forecasting models in order to improve earnings per share forecasts. The utility industry is used because regulation causes the accounting procedures of the firms to be more homogeneous than other industries. Three types of forecasting models which use historical data are compared to the forecasts of the Value Line Investment Survey . It is found that predictions of the analysts of Value Line are more accurate than the predictions of the models which use only historical data. However the study also shows that forecasts of earnings per share can be improved by combining the predictions of Value Line with the predictions of other models. Specifically, the forecast error is the least when the Value Line forecast is combined with the forecast of the Brown-Rozeff ARIMA model.
Why Did the Welfare Caseload Decline

A substantial literature has considered the effects of welfare reform policies on the aggregate caseload but has been less successful in disaggregating the effects of specific policies. Using monthly caseload data from October 1989 through June 2003, we estimate a flexible model for the dynamic response of the welfare caseload to the economy and to the three major welfare reform policies. Our results are consistent with the predictions of economic theory and indicate the importance of carefully specifying the intensity and dynamics of policy changes and of including a rich set of measures of the economy.
Black hole scaling relationships and NLS1s

The vast majority of black hole masses that populate the literature are deduced from scaling relationships. Of these, the relationship between the radius of the broad line region and the luminosity of the AGN (the r−L relationship) is perhaps the most widely used and is based on reverberation mapping experiments of low-redshift AGNs. Recent campaigns at MDM Observatory and Lick Observatory have revised and added several new reverberation measurements, some of which are based on observations of NLS1s. We describe preliminary results from ongoing work to recalibrate the r−L relationship with these new reverberation results and high-resolution HST imaging. We also briefly describe ongoing work to recalibrate the scaling relationship between the black hole mass and host galaxy bulge luminosity for AGNs, the effects of host galaxy morphology on this relationship, and how the AGN relationship compares to that of the sample of quiescent galaxies with dynamical masses. We also investigate the narrow-line Seyfert 1s relative to the rest of the reverberation sample in the context of these scaling relationships.
Factors Affecting Online Game Players' Loyalty

In the past decade, online games have become an important electronic commerce application. A good understanding of customer online game behaviors is critical for both researchers and practitioners, such as game vendors and game developers. Many researchers focus their studies on the consumers' intention to play online games. However, the industry becomes more and more interested in the key factors to retain customers. To tackle the retention problem, this paper proposes a research framework of online game play loyalty. Based on this framework, thirteen hypotheses were developed and tested through a survey in U.S. universities. Overall, the results indicate the following: 1) Online game technology factors, such as the game story, game graphics, game length, game control and online game services, have significant impact on players' game enjoyment; 2) Game enjoyment and social norms have positive effects on intention to play; 3) Social norms, quality of online game community and intention to play are important predictors of online game loyalty.
A SEM-E module avionics computer with PI-Bus backplane communication

The author describes the system architecture of a MIL-STD-1750A-based mission processor utilizing dual VHSIC Phase 2 TM-Bus and dual VHSIC Phase 2 PI-Bus for intermodule level communication. The mission processor consists of 18 surface-mount SEM-E modules and five high-density power supplies mating with an 18 layer G-10 backplane in an air-cooled chassis. The system-level interfaces consists of a dual PI-Bus for intermodule communication, a dual TM-Bus for intermodule operational test and maintenance, an IEEE-488 interface to an external software development platform, two differential small computer system interface (SCSI) buses, three dual redundant MIL-STD-1553B serial communication buses, and several digital and analog discrete I/Os. The author presents a comparison of the defined cycle sequence of each of the basic PI-Bus messages to the observed cycle structure of these message types in the system. The impact of chaining a sequence of PI-Bus messages is examined. Data on the impact of PI-Bus traffic on module performance under various conditions are examined. >
Developing an expert system to assist in control system design

This paper addresses the problem of how to develop an expert system that is able to design or to assist in the design of a control system. The discussion includes how to structure the expert system, how to choose the relationship between the symbolic and numerical processor and how to divide the work among the expert system, the computer aided control systems analysis package and the design engineer. A prototype intelligent design associated is presented and an example of a compensator design is given.
e-Crime Prevention: An Investigation of the Preparation of e-Commerce Professionals

As e-commerce revenues have mounted in recent years, so have losses from security breaches and legal problems. The present study conceptualized e-commerce activities focused on gains versus loss prevention in terms of regulatory focus theory. Professional preparation provided in 163 e-commerce master's programs worldwide was investigated using propositions derived from the theory. Data were collected using extensive Web searches of master's program curricula. Results suggested that a majority of the programs lacked courses in the prevention-focused topics of law, security, or ethics. As e-businesses increasingly face the threat of costly legal and security incidents, it appears necessary for e-commerce education programs to place greater emphasis on prevention-focused topics.
Premature chromosome condensation in human large bowel cancer

Abstract Two patients with large bowel cancer are described in whose tumors the presence of cells with premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was encountered. The percentage of PCC in the tumors was 6.9 and 6.6%. We hypothesize that the near tetraploid chromosome number present in the tumor cells in both patients may be the product of fusion of two near diploid malignant cells. Also it is speculated that some colorectal tumors with chromosomes ranging from the hypotriploid to the hypotetraploid levels may be the result of cell fusion.
Point Defects And The B2 To Fcc Transformation In Milled FeRh

Mossbauer measurements were made on FeRh containing 52 atomic percent (at.%) Fe after mechanical milling for different times in a high-energy SPEX 8000 vibrator mill. Hyperfine fields are compared with fields for annealed ferromagnetic (F) samples having the B2 structure in the range 52-58 at.% Fe. For annealed F samples, hyperfine field shifts of -1.66 T and -1.12 T were detected at majority Fe{inFC} and minority Fe{inRh} probes due to Fe{inRh} antisite atoms in, respectively, the first and second atomic shells. Analysis of dipolar fields indicates that the magnetization lies along the direction. The transformation from F B2 phase to a metastable paramagnetic fcc phase was observed that was half complete in 8 minutes. Analysis of spectra for the milled F B2 phase show that a second point defect was produced by milling that induces shifts of +6 T and +8.5 T, respectively, at majority and minority probes. Manyspectra fits were made under different defect models that led to the conclusion that milling produces point defects in the triple-defect configuration: 2 Fe-vacancies and 1 Fe-antisite atom. Defect concentrations were determined and show that the fractional concentration of vacancies on the Fe-sublattice increases linearly with milling time, reaching 3 at.% after 8 minutes, a very large value. The rate of transformation from B2 to fcc phase appears to be independent of the concentrations of point defects in the B2 phase, indicating that the transformation is purely stress-induced, as in a martensite transformation.