cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sustainable liquid biofuels and their environmental impact

In whatever measure liquid biofuels are produced, they avoid the use of politically and economically unstable petroleum. However, there has been much debate regarding their environmental impact and sustainability. Corn ethanol manufacturing uses large quantities of fossil fuels, which, although locally produced, create doubt on whether its continual use will bring any clear economic and environmental benefits. On the other hand, biodiesel, because it enjoys a simpler and thus efficient manufacturing process, shows more clarity as to the environmental benefits it provides, but its sustainability at a significant scale is not clear due to the low productivity of its crops. Brazil's ethanol industry, which is based on sugarcane, has shown that it is possible to be efficient, both environmentally and economically in the implementation of a biofuel infrastructure. Very akin to sugarcane ethanol technology is cellulosic ethanol. A cellulosic ethanol infrastructure can make use of crops that have higher productivities and lower environmental impact. In addition, the conversion process uses very little fossil fuels, which makes it even more sustainable and environmentally benign. This article describes the infrastructure necessary for the implementation of sustainable biofuels, discusses their projected benefits, their environmental impact, and the logistics needed for their sustainability. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
Using Enhanced Podcasts to Augment Limited Instructional Time in Teacher Preparation

Teacher education programs are limited in terms of available face-to-face instructional time for preparing general education teacher candidates to work with students with exceptionalities. Given this constraint, developing innovative use of technologies may assist in meeting the demand for highly qualified teachers for such students. In this research study, enhanced podcasts (images displayed in time with audio) were produced using Mayer’s cognitive theory of multimedia learning to deliver selected uncovered course content. Two randomly assigned groups of undergraduate teacher education candidates interacted with either audio podcasts or enhanced podcasts across two experiments. Researchers measured recall and higher order application ability of students to determine which podcast method resulted in higher scores. Participants interacting with the enhanced podcasts outperformed their audio-only counterparts on three of four measures of recall and application. Implications for teacher education programming...
CenteringPregnancy: An Integrative Literature Review

Introduction: A critical analysis of the CenteringPregnancy model of care research has not been conducted across studies. The aims of this project were to describe 1) the conceptual components of the CenteringPregnancy practice model, 2) the characteristics of the CenteringPregnancy literature, and 3) the research methods and outcomes across the CenteringPregnancy research literature. Methods: An integrative literature review methodology was used to assess the CenteringPregnancy literature published between 1994 and 2009. Results: The sample consisted of 26 articles (14 narrative descriptions, 10 quantitative studies, 1 mixed methods study, and 1 qualitative study) published predominantly in nursing and midwifery journals. The majority of quantitative studies were exploratory or quasi-experimental and longitudinal designs with the exception of 1 large, federally funded, randomized, controlled trial. Variables were individual and community level outcomes, which were not uniformly operationally defined or measured consistently across studies. Significant results for prenatal care attendance rates, adequate prenatal care, and breastfeeding rates were reported in a number of studies. Other results were often mixed or nonsignificant. Discussion: Positive outcomes for the CenteringPregnancy model have been suggested by research findings to date but require more systematic approaches to developing knowledge about the factors inherent in this model that promote participant behavior changes, which lead to better perinatal outcomes as well as circumstances that maximize the effectiveness of this model. Areas for improving the strength of the evidence are discussed. Building consistently demonstrated relationships across studies is essential for creating the evidence base on which practice decisions can be made. Further research is required for developing clarity and understanding about this model's effectiveness.
Anastomotic complications after tracheal resection: prognostic factors and management.

Objective We sought to identify risk factors for anastomotic complications after tracheal resection and to describe the management of these patients. Methods This was a single-institution, retrospective review of 901 patients who underwent tracheal resection. Results The indications for tracheal resection were postintubation tracheal stenosis in 589 patients, tumor in 208, idiopathic laryngotracheal stenosis in 83, and tracheoesophageal fistula in 21. Anastomotic complications occurred in 81 patients (9%). Eleven patients (1%) died after operation, 6 of anastomotic complications and 5 of other causes (odds ratio 13.0, P = .0001 for risk of death after anastomotic complication). At the end of treatment, 853 patients (95%) had a good result, whereas 37 patients (4%) had an airway maintained by tracheostomy or T-tube. The treatments of patients with an anastomotic complication were as follows: multiple dilations (n = 2), temporary tracheostomy (n = 7), temporary T-tube (n = 16), permanent tracheostomy (n = 14), permanent T-tube (n = 20), and reoperation (n = 16). Stepwise multivariable analysis revealed the following predictors of anastomotic complications: reoperation (odds ratio 3.03, 95% confidence interval 1.69-5.43, P = .002), diabetes (odds ratio 3.32, 95% confidence interval 1.76-6.26, P = .002), lengthy (≥4 cm) resections (odds ratio 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.21-3.35, P = .007), laryngotracheal resection (odds ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.07-3.01, P = .03), age 17 years or younger (odds ratio 2.26, 95% confidence interval 1.09-4.68, P = .03), and need for tracheostomy before operation (odds ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.03-3.14, P = .04). Conclusions Tracheal resection is usually successful and has a low mortality. Anastomotic complications are uncommon, and important risk factors are reoperation, diabetes, lengthy resections, laryngotracheal resections, young age (pediatric patients), and the need for tracheostomy before operation.
Mechanisms Involved in Fe(III) Respiration by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Ferroglobus placidus

The hyperthermophilic archaeon Ferroglobus placidus can utilize a wide variety of electron donors, including hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds, with Fe(III) serving as an electron acceptor. In Fe(III)-reducing bacteria that have been studied to date, this process is mediated by c-type cytochromes and type IV pili. However, there currently is little information available about how this process is accomplished in archaea. In silico analysis of the F. placidus genome revealed the presence of 30 genes coding for putative c-type cytochrome proteins (more than any other archaeon that has been sequenced to date), five of which contained 10 or more heme-binding motifs. When cell extracts were analyzed by SDS-PAGE followed by heme staining, multiple bands corresponding to c-type cytochromes were detected. Different protein expression patterns were observed in F. placidus cells grown on soluble and insoluble iron forms. In order to explore this result further, transcriptomic studies were performed. Eight genes corresponding to multiheme c-type cytochromes were upregulated when F. placidus was grown with insoluble Fe(III) oxide compared to soluble Fe(III) citrate as an electron acceptor. Numerous archaella (archaeal flagella) also were observed on Fe(III)-grown cells, and genes coding for two type IV pilin-like domain proteins were differentially expressed in Fe(III) oxide-grown cells. This study provides insight into the mechanisms for dissimilatory Fe(III) respiration by hyperthermophilic archaea.
Equation of state in a strongly interacting relativistic system

We study the evolution of the equation of state of a strongly interacting quark system as a function of the diquark interaction strength. We show that for the system to avoid collapsing into a pressureless boson gas at sufficiently strong diquark coupling strength, the diquark-diquark repulsion has to be self-consistently taken into account. In particular, we find that the tendency at zero temperature of the strongly interacting diquark gas to condense into the system ground state is compensated by the repulsion between diquarks if the diquark-diquark coupling constant is higher than a critical value ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{C}=7.65$. Considering such diquark-diquark repulsion, a positive pressure with no significant variation along the whole strongly interacting region is obtained. A consequence of the diquark-diquark repulsion is that the system maintains its BCS character in the whole strongly interacting region.
MAOA and Aggression: A Gene-Environment Interaction in Two Populations

Political scientists tend to focus on environmental triggers as the primary precipitating cause for political violence. However, little has been done to explain why certain individuals faced with certain pressures resort to violence, while others confronting the same situationseek outdiplomatic andpeaceful resolutionstoconflict. Here, using two independent samples, we explore the interaction between genetic disposition and violent early life events and their influence on engaging in physical violence. We find that individuals with the low-activity form of monoamine oxidase-A, who are exposed to violence in youth have a greater likelihood of engaging in physical aggression later in adulthood. Our findings hold important implications for the value of environmental intervention in communities besieged by political violence in order to reduce the likelihood of the intergenerational transfer of its propensity.
Exploiting Constraint Solving History to Construct Interaction Test Suites

Researchers have explored the application of combinatorial interaction testing (CIT) methods to construct samples to drive systematic testing of software system configurations. Applying CIT to highly-configurable software systems is complicated by the fact that, in many such systems, there are constraints between specific configuration parameters that render certain combinations invalid. In recent work, automated constraint solving methods have been combined with search-based CIT methods to address this problem with promising results. In this paper, we observe that the pattern of computation in greedy CIT algorithms leads to sequences of constraint solving problems that are closely related to one another. We propose two techniques for exploiting the history of constraint solving: (1) using incremental algorithms that are present within available constraint solvers and (2) mining constraint solver data structures to extract information that can be used to reduce the CIT search space. We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these reductions on four real-world highly-configurable software systems and on a population of synthetic examples that share the characteristics of those four systems. In combination our techniques reduce the cost of CIT in the presence of constraints to that of traditional unconstrained CIT methods without sacrificing the quality of solutions.
Can a Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery be a Normal Labor and Birth?: Lessons from Midwifery Applied to Trial of Labor After a Previous Cesarean Delivery

Women who undergo a trial of labor after a previous cesarean delivery (TOLAC) have special needs prenatally and during the intrapartum period. Counseling about the choice of TOLAC versus an elective repeat cesarean delivery involves complex statistical concepts. Prenatal counseling that is patient centered, individualized, and presented in a way that addresses the health literacy and health numeracy of the recipient encompasses best practices that support patient decision making. Evidence-based practices during labor that support vaginal birth and increase patient satisfaction are of special value for this population.
Quality-of-Care Indicators for Children With Sickle Cell Disease

OBJECTIVE: To develop a set of quality-of-care indicators for the management of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are cared for in a variety of settings by addressing the broad spectrum of complications relevant to their illness. METHODS: We used the Rand/University of California Los Angeles appropriateness method, a modified Delphi method, to develop the indicators. The process included a comprehensive literature review with ratings of the evidence and 2 rounds of anonymous ratings by an expert panel (nominated by leaders of various US academic societies and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). The panelists met face-to-face to discuss each indicator in between the 2 rounds. RESULTS: The panel recommended 41 indicators that cover 18 topics; 17 indicators described routine health care maintenance, 15 described acute or subacute care, and 9 described chronic care. The panel identified 8 indicators most likely to have a large positive effect on improving quality of life and/or health outcomes for children with SCD, which covered 6 topics: timely assessment and treatment of pain and fever; comprehensive planning; penicillin prophylaxis; transfusion; and the transition to adult care. CONCLUSIONS: Children with SCD are at risk for serious morbidities and early mortality, yet efforts to assess and improve the quality of their care have been limited compared with other chronic childhood conditions. This set of 41 indicators can be used to assess quality of care and provide a starting point for quality-improvement efforts.
Periodontal attachment responses to surgical injury in the cat. Removal of buccal bone with and without placement of foreign body at ligament periphery.

Abstract Recently, PDL progenitor cells were claimed essential for the establishment of new connective tissue attachment to root surface. To further test new periodontal attachment after surgical injury, portions of the buccal alveolar plate were removed from the canines of 4 cats. Removal of bone was carried out with or without removal of the underlying PDL, and in half of the experimental sites, dental amalgam was placed at ligament periphery. Tissue blocks were prepared for routine histologic evaluation (H & E) and specific collagen stains (Mallory Trichrome and Mallory PATH). Exfoliation of amalgam was noted in 6 experimental sites during the healing period. At all sites, plaque accumulation and marginal gingivitis were observed before sacrifice. Histologic observation demonstrated limited new connective tissue attachment to root surfaces at PDL periphery where bone, PDL and cementum had been removed. Where PDL was retained, connective tissue attachment was present which appeared to be the result of fiber interdigitation between root-inserted fiber ends and gingival wound edge fibers. “Blockage” of PDL cell migration by amalgam could not be well controlled. However, the placement of amalgam seems to have interfered with new connective tissue attachment and/or cementogenesis. In 5 specimens, root resorption had progressed into dentin. At these sites, collagen tufts appeared to arise from dentin. These tufts were in intimate contact with zones of dense inflammatory cellular infiltrate and connective tissue elements. We suggest that this observation may be a further tissue response to injury, namely: root resorption with the unmasking of dentinal collagen, which may finally lead to fiber interdigitation.
A fill-unit approach to multiple instruction issue

Multiple issue of instructions occurs in superscalar and VLIW machines. This paper investigates a third type of machine design, which combines the advantages of code compatibility as in superscalars and the absence of complex dependency-checking logic from the decoder as in VLIW. In this design, a stream of scalar instructions is executed by the hardware and is simultaneously compacted into VLIW-type instructions, which are then stored in a structure called a shadow cache. When a shadow cache line contains the instructions requested by the fetch unit, the scalar instruction stream is preempted and all operations in the shadow cache line are simultaneously issued and executed. The mechanism that compacts instructions is called a fill unit, and was first proposed for dynamically compacting microoperations into large executable units by Melvin, Shebanow, and Patt in 1988. We have extended their approach to directly handle data dependencies, delayed branches, and speculative execution (using branch prediction). This approach is evaluated using the MIPS architecture, and a six-functional-unit machine is found to be 52 to 108% faster than a single-issue processor for unrecompiled SPECint92 benchmarks.
Imaging Techniques In Studies Of Neural Functions

Imaging of morphological and structural properties of the nervous system by visual and optical techniques has been employed for more than a century and has progressed from postmortem histological examination of tissues to computerized tomographic x-ray and proton magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. Techniques for imaging of dynamic physiological and biochemical processes has become available only recently. Imaging of function-related processes in brain was initially carried out by measurements of local cerebral blood flow, first in animals with a quantitative autoradiographic technique and subsequently in man with external detection of radioactivity by scintillation counting and single photon or positron emission tomography. More recently, the deoxyglucose method, which also employs quantitative autoradiography but measures local cerebral rates of glucose utilization rather than blood flow, has become available and has been widely used to study effects of altered physiological and pharmacological states. The deoxyglucose method has also been adapted for use in man with positron emission tomography. Both local blood flow and energy metabolism are markers for local functional activity in neural tissues, and these methods have been extensively used to map functional neural pathways and to relate altered local functional activities to behavioral states in both animals and man. Comparable methods for imaging local densities and occupancies for dopaminergic, muscarinic, and opiate receptors are under development.
The Design Argument

One version of the design argument affirms that the natural universe, or some things within the natural universe, which are known not to be the products of human design, are sufficiently similar to things which are the products of human design so that we are warranted in inferring that the former things have been brought about by a nonhuman designer. It seems much less likely that the universe as a whole bears a sufficient resemblance to the products of human design so that it is probable that it, too, is designed, than that this is true of certain things within the universe, such as the human body and its parts. Since the human body is a highly complex system of parts which cooperate in such a way as to produce desirable ends (prolonged life, consciousness, vision, etc.), it resembles sophisticated man-made machines, which are also systems of functionally interrelated parts, which work together to produce desirable ends.
Surface electromyography and plantar pressure during walking in young adults with chronic ankle instability

Purpose Lateral ankle sprains are common and can manifest into chronic ankle instability (CAI) resulting in altered gait mechanics that may lead to subsequent ankle sprains. Our purpose was to simultaneously analyse muscle activation patterns and plantar pressure distribution during walking in young adults with and without CAI.
Towards positivity preservation for monolithic two-way solid-fluid coupling

We consider complex scenarios involving two-way coupled interactions between compressible fluids and solid bodies under extreme conditions where monolithic, as opposed to partitioned, schemes are preferred for maintaining stability. When considering such problems, spurious numerical cavitation can be quite common and have deleterious consequences on the flow field stability, accuracy, etc. Thus, it is desirable to devise numerical methods that maintain the positivity of important physical quantities such as density, internal energy and pressure. We begin by showing that for an arbitrary flux function, one can put conditions on the time step in order to preserve positivity by solving a linear equation for density fluxes and a quadratic equation for energy fluxes. Our formulation is independent of the underlying equation of state. After deriving the method for forward Euler time integration, we further extend it to higher order accurate Runge-Kutta methods. Although the scheme works well in general, there are some cases where no lower bound on the size of the allowable time step exists. Thus, to prevent the size of the time step from becoming arbitrarily small, we introduce a conservative flux clamping scheme which is also positivity preserving. Exploiting the generality of our formulation, we then design a positivity preserving scheme for a semi-implicit approach to time integration that solves a symmetric positive definite linear system to determine the pressure associated with an equation of state. Finally, this modified semi-implicit approach is extended to monolithic two-way solid-fluid coupling problems for modeling fluid structure interactions such as those generated by blast waves impacting complex solid objects.
Nanovesicle-targeted Kv1.3 knockdown in memory T cells suppresses CD40L expression and memory phenotype.

Ca(2+) signaling controls activation and effector functions of T lymphocytes. Ca(2+) levels also regulate NFAT activation and CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression in T cells. CD40L in activated memory T cells binds to its cognate receptor, CD40, on other cell types resulting in the production of antibodies and pro-inflammatory mediators. The CD40L/CD40 interaction is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and CD40L is widely recognized as a therapeutic target. Ca(2+) signaling in T cells is regulated by Kv1.3 channels. We have developed lipid nanoparticles that deliver Kv1.3 siRNAs (Kv1.3-NPs) selectively to CD45RO(+) memory T cells and reduce the activation-induced Ca(2+) influx. Herein we report that Kv1.3-NPs reduced NFAT activation and CD40L expression exclusively in CD45RO(+) T cells. Furthermore, Kv1.3-NPs suppressed cytokine release and induced a phenotype switch of T cells from predominantly memory to naive. These findings indicate that Kv1.3-NPs operate as targeted immune suppressive agents with promising therapeutic potentials.
Compression Deformation Flow Stress Behavior and Prediction of Pure Copper

The deformation characteristics of pure copper have been investigated by compression tests in the temperature range of 20 °C~900 °C and strain rate range of 0.001 s-1~1 s-1. The results showed that the flow stress of pure copper increased with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature. Three types of strain-contained flow stress prediction models were developed. The flow stress prediction models based on parameters such as α, Q, lnA and n were related to deformation temperature, strain rate and strain, the prediction accuracy of the flow stress was deeply influenced by the cumulative error of multi-parameter fitting. The flow stress prediction model based on σ, , e and T constitutive relations and the flow stress prediction model based on GA+BP possessed less correlation with microscopic deformation mechanism, proving to have high prediction accuracy, in which GA+ BP-based flow stress prediction model is in very good agreement with true stress curve, which is of significance to the guidance of hot working of pure copper.
Mineral Nutrition of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Bimaculatus Harvey

Relatively little is known of insect nutrition and even less has been reported on the nutrition of the closely related mites. Since minerals are among the basic nutritional factors and cannot be synthesized by an organism as can some nutrients, any mineral essential to the organism must be obtained from exogenous sources. The availability of the minerals therefore influences the metabolism, and in turn, the resulting population.
In vitro inhibition of intestinal fluid and electrolyte transfer by a non-beta islet cell tumor.

SummaryClinical observations in a patient with a non-Beta islet cell pancreatic adenocarcinoma demonstrated excessive fecal losses of fluid and electrolytes and excessive volumes of fluid from the distal ileum during continuous gastric aspiration. Intestinal transit time was normal. In vitro studies demonstrated the capacity of a distilled-water extract of an hepatic metastasis to inhibit the net mucosal-to-serosal transfer of fluid, sodium and chloride across everted gut sacs from the distal portion of the hamster small intestine. No effect of the tumor extract on in vitro intestinal motility was observed, These results suggest that the patient's diarrhea resulted from the tumor or its products inhibiting the net absorption of fluid and electrolytes in the patient's small intestine.
Qualitative fit test of medical protective masks:a comparative study

OBJECTIVE To compare the suitability of N95 particulate mass protective face mask between 3MTM9132 and 1869 type for medical use,and to promote the medical workers′ knowledge of selection method about N95 protection face mask.METHODS The suitability of N95 particulate mass protective face mask of 3MTM9132 and 1860 type was tested for medical use from 3M company by 3M FT-30 fit testing equipment.RESULTS The level of sensitivity of all the 185 objects in group A was 1,and 176 medical staff participated in the suitable fit test of 3MTM9132 type for medical use all passed at first time,and 6 participants passed the qualitative fit test after adjusting,and 3 participants gave up the test because of hypersusceptibility.13 in 637 of group B were insensitive to bitter,the rest of participants who participated in the suitable fit test of 3MTM1860 type for medical use were classified into of level 1(87.28%),level 2(7.69%) and level 3(2.98%);of 624 medical staff involved in the sensitivity test,598 participants passed the qualitative fit test,the difference in the pass rate of the suitable fit test between the participants wearing two types of protective face masks was statistically significant(χ2=7.83,P0.05).CONCLUSION The two types of medical protective mask at the same protection level have different effect on the qualitative fit test,and it is necessary for the medical staff to choose the protective masks suitable for their personal use.
Study on Ignition Property of Ignition Compositions for Airbag

The factors to affect the ignition property of airbag ignition system were studied from three aspects of ignition composition.The ignition results show that types of ignition composition in the gas generator have apparent influence on ignition property;At the same time,along with the increasing of ignition composition dosage,change trends of ignition property of different types of ignition compositions are not same;The ignition time becomes long when the burning area of ignition pellets decreases,for example increasing diameter or height of the pellets.
Portrait of Transcendent Shamanic Teacher

When Laura was an undergraduate education major, her Sunday school teacher identified one of her talents. The teacher said that Laura had a unique ability to befriend people who, for one reason or another, were shy, hurting, or not likable. She said that Laura had the capacity “to look inside and see the worthy person,” the capacity to nurture those individuals and bring out their very best.
Sources of Error in Mammalian Genetic Screens.

Genetic screens are invaluable tools for dissection of biological phenomena. Optimization of such screens to enhance discovery of candidate genes and minimize false positives is thus a critical aim. Here, we report several sources of error common to pooled genetic screening techniques used in mammalian cell culture systems, and demonstrate methods to eliminate these errors. We find that reverse transcriptase-mediated recombination during retroviral replication can lead to uncoupling of molecular tags, such as DNA barcodes (BCs), from their associated library elements, leading to chimeric proviral genomes in which BCs are paired to incorrect ORFs, shRNAs, etc. This effect depends on the length of homologous sequence between unique elements, and can be minimized with careful vector design. Furthermore, we report that residual plasmid DNA from viral packaging procedures can contaminate transduced cells. These plasmids serve as additional copies of the PCR template during library amplification, resulting in substantial inaccuracies in measurement of initial reference populations for screen normalization. The overabundance of template in some samples causes an imbalance between PCR cycles of contaminated and uncontaminated samples, which results in a systematic artifactual depletion of GC-rich library elements. Elimination of contaminating plasmid DNA using the bacterial endonuclease Benzonase can restore faithful measurements of template abundance and minimize GC bias.
Other uterine mesenchymal tumors

INTRODUCTION Endometrial stromal and smooth muscle proliferations are the most common mesenchymal proliferations in the uterus and, when combined, account for the vast majority of mesenchymal uterine processes in the cervix and corpus. However, there are a number of other mesenchymal lesions that the pathologist may encounter, either in the curettage or, more commonly, in the hysterectomy specimen. Most of these are benign, but occasionally lesions with intermediate or frankly malignant clinical behavior may also occur. UTERINE TUMOR RESEMBLING OVARIAN SEX CORD TUMOR Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCTs) are rare tumors that continue to pose diagnostic challenges for pathologists. Since Clement and Scully first drew attention to this group of unusual neoplasms, they have been variously grouped with the endometrial stromal, smooth muscle, or “other” categories of uterine mesenchymal tumors. Because they do not clearly exhibit smooth muscle or stromal features, we place them in the “other” category unless they exhibit significant endometrial stromal elements. Tumors with any significant endometrial stromal component are grouped with endometrial stromal tumors and classified as benign or malignant depending on the presence of infiltrative margins and/or vascular invasion (seeChapter 13). Clinical characteristics Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumor occur in the reproductive and postmenopausal age groups. The clinical presentation is similar to that of uterine smooth muscle tumors. Patients often present with a uterine mass, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and/or pelvic pain. Some patients are asymptomatic.
Abstract 1801: FOXA1, a novel regulator of neuroendocrine differentiation

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a subtype of prostate cancer that is highly aggressive and exhibits a neuroendocrine phenotype, being distinct from prostate adenocarcinoma. Cases of NEPC are predicted to increase rapidly following broader use of new-generation hormonal therapies including abiraterone and enzalutamide. Although androgen deprivation and cytokine induction have been previously suggested to induce neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer, little is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms. FOXA1 is a forkhead box family transcription factor that has been shown to act as a pioneer factor for androgen receptor (AR), thereby defining the prostatic transcriptional program. We have recently shown that FOXA1 plays an important role in suppressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation, but is often downregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Along this line, in the present study, we showed that FOXA1 loss, achieved by shRNA-mediated knockdown, led to cell morphology changes typical of neuroendocrine differentiation, accompanied by a strong increase of NEPC marker enolase2 (ENO2), while ectopic FOXA1 overexpression reverses these alterations. This was further linked to ERK phosphorylation, which has been previously reported to be up-regulated following neuroendocrine differentiation. Moreover, to understand the mechanism underlying FOXA1 regulation of neuroendocrine differentiation, we performed bioinformatics analysis and nominated interleukin 8 (IL8) as a direct target of FOXA1 and its up-regulation is critical in mediating neuroendocrine differentiation of FOXA1-depleted cells. Finally, we validated a negative correlation between FOXA1 and neuroendocrine differentiation in primary prostate cancer specimens through analysis of publically available RNA-seq data as well as direct IHC staining of various NEPC markers. In summary, we report a new role of FOXA1 as a critical inhibitor of neuroendocrine differentiation and the importance of balanced FOXA1 expressing in the maintenance of the epithelial phenotype of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Jung Kim, Hongjian Jin, Jonathan Zhao, Vamsi Parimi, Ximing Yang, Jindan Yu. FOXA1, a novel regulator of neuroendocrine differentiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1801.
Challenge of FNA diagnosis of angiomyolipoma: A study of 33 cases

BACKGROUND Angiomyolipoma (AML), typically composed of smooth muscle, vessels, and fat, is generally a benign tumor in the kidneys. However, it occasionally occurs in extrarenal sites and behaves like a malignant tumor. AML is uncommonly encountered in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples and can cause diagnostic difficulty. METHODS We searched our pathology database for FNA cases diagnosed between 2003 and 2015 that were subsequently confirmed to be AML in the same lesion by surgical pathologic evaluation. The diagnostic performance, challenges, and cytologic features were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS In total, 33 FNA cases from 31 patients were identified. The final surgical pathologic diagnoses included 30 primary AMLs (28 in kidneys and 2 in liver) and 3 were metastases (in liver, lung, and abdominal wall, respectively). Aspiration sites included kidney/retroperitoneum (n = 28), abdominal wall (n = 1), lung (n = 1), and liver (n = 3). The FNA diagnoses were consistent with/favor AML (n = 16), descriptive (n = 12), nondiagnostic (n = 2), and erroneous (n = 3). Of the 3 erroneous cases, 2 were diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma, and 1 was diagnosed as a pleomorphic malignant neoplasm. Cytologically, cases with predominantly spindle cells were the most commonly encountered (n = 19). Cases with predominantly epithelioid cells (n = 6) can pose a diagnostic difficulty and were observed in all 3 metastatic AMLs and in 2 of the 3 erroneous cases. Immunostains were performed on 11 FNAs and helped the diagnosis in 9 cases. CONCLUSIONS FNA diagnosis of AML may be challenging, especially in cases with a predominantly epithelioid component and/or an extrarenal location. Immunostaining is important to improve diagnostic accuracy of this rare entity. Cancer Cytopathol 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
A Theory of Decentralized Matching Markets without Transfers, with an Application to Surge Pricing

Most of the literature on two-sided matching markets without transfers focuses on the case where a central planner (often an algorithm) clears the market, like in the case of school assignments, or medical residents. In contrast, we focus on decentralized matching markets without transfers, where prices are regulated and thus cannot clear the market, as in the case of taxis. In these markets, time waited in line often plays the role of a numeraire. We investigate the properties of equilibrium in these markets (existence, uniqueness, and welfare). We use this analysis to study the problem of surge pricing: given beliefs on random demand and supply, how should a market designer set prices to minimize expected market inefficiency?
Nontraditional Adult Learners: The Neglected Diversity in Postsecondary Education

In the discourse on diversity in colleges and universities in the United States, an often-neglected population is nontraditional adult learners. This article explores this invisible aspect of under...
Loss of the Mitochondrial Sodium/Calcium Exchanger in the Adult Heart Causes Sudden Death and Overexpression Protects Against Heart Failure

Mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) signaling is critical for both energy production and the activation of cell death pathways. Further, metabolic derangement and gradual cell dropout are mechanistically...
Analysis of frequency-dependent transmission lines using rational approximation and recursive convolution

In this study, we present an accurate and efficient analysis technique of frequency-dependent transmission line system using scattering parameters. First, low-order rational approximations of the scattering parameters are derived over a wide frequency range using robust interpolation technique. An appropriate reference system is also chosen to make the scattering waveforms smooth and simple. Then, the low-order rational approximations of the scattering parameters are directly implemented in conventional time-domain simulator using recursive convolution. To validate the accuracy and the efficiency of the method, the transient analyses of a coaxial cable with skin-effect parameters and an interconnect network with a component characterized by measured scattering parameters are presented.
Commemorating Lee Roloff

ABSTRACTLeland (“Lee”) H. Roloff made a profound impact on his students, colleagues, and friends. Detailing that impact reveals the ways the labors of commemoration both succumb to and challenge the view of performance as that which disappears. This personal memorial essay uses accounts of Lee Roloff’s pedagogy, references to the Greek myths and formulations of indigenous peoples, American poetry, the Jungian practice of sandplay therapy, and Lee’s own scholarship to discuss and celebrate his legacy.
Intelligent gateway for real time train tracking and railway crossing including emergency path using D2D communication

Human development is directly related to the transport facility. India has been starting its transport through railways since 19th century. The Indian railway system is very big and very complicated. When generation moves forward, the technology and complexity are also moves to its higher levels. Now days, there is no exact communication between Indian railways and passengers. When the passenger wants to know the exact position of the train he may not get it because we didn't have any tracking equipment. When the train leaves the station then the station master immediately gives the information to the Gate man and next station. The gate man doesn't know any details regarding the exact position. If the train gets any internal or external issues then it creates a traffic issue at gate. In this project we will solve the traffic issue and provides the exact position of the train by using GPS. The communication between the train and passenger made through SMS. The second objective of this project is to provide an automatic spike control at a level crossing replacing the gates operated by the gatekeeper. It deals with two things. Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed. Secondly, to reduce the traffic at the crossing and also provides emergency path for ambulance.
Hip Range of Motion in Recreational Weight Training Participants: A Descriptive Report

Background The surveillance of hip injuries and risk factors have become an emerging focus in sports medicine due to the increased recognition of hip pathologies. Researchers suggest that decreased hip range of motion (ROM) is a risk factor for injury in various athletic activities. One under reported population that has potential for hip injuries is recreational weight training (WT) participants. Currently, no studies have reported hip ROM values in WT participants which creates a knowledge gap in this population. Purpose The purpose of this study was to report hip passive ROM values of WT participants to develop reference data for future research on injury patterns and prevention strategies for this population. Study design Descriptive cross sectional study. Methods Two-hundred healthy recreational adult WT participants (age = 27.18 ± 9.3 years, height = 174.84 ± 9.8 cm, mass = 91.0 ± 17.9 kg, body mass index = 29.6 ± 4.5 kg/m2) were recruited. Bilateral hip passive ROM was assessed for flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, and abduction. Statistical analysis included subject demographics (means and SD) and a two-tailed independent t-test to compare mean passive hip ROM values between sexes and hips. Statistical significance was considered p Results A total of 400 hundred hips (right + left) were measured for this analysis. When comparing hip ROM values within sexes, men had no significant difference (p≥.28) between the right and left hip for all motions. Women did have a significant difference (p≤.05) between the right and left hip for all motions. The right hip had lower values for all motions than the left hip suggesting a more global decrease in right hip ROM. When comparing hip ROM values between men and women, there was a significant difference (p≤.05) between men and women for all motions. Men had lower ROM values for all hip motions when compared to women. Conclusion This is the first investigation to provide a descriptive analysis of hip ROM in healthy recreational WT participants. These data provide a starting point for clinicians and researchers to further study this population for injury prevention. Evidence level 2.
Clinical Issues in Alcoholism Treatment

Though no consensus has been reached regarding the superiority of inpatient versus outpatient treatment for alcoholism, there are clinical factors, discussed in this article, that may lead a therap...
Health Savings Accounts: Do the Critics Have a Point?

Health savings accounts, or HSAs, are a new health insurance option that became available in 2004. HSAs couple a tax-preferred savings account (the HSA) with high-deductible health insurance. Enrollees or their employers, or both, make tax-free contributions to the HSA. Enrollees use the funds in their HSAs to purchase medical care until they reach their deductibles. At that point, health insurance begins paying part or all of enrollees' medical expenses. HSAs reduce government's influence over consumers' medical decisions by reducing the price distortions created by the federal tax code. However, HSAs as they exist today do not eliminate those distortions. Current HSA law restricts consumers' health insurance choices, makes it difficult for the chronically ill to save for their future medical needs, and discourages cost sharing above the health insurance deductible. To address some of those shortcomings, President Bush proposes to reduce the price distortions further, through higher HSA contribution limits and tax credits for individuals who contribute to their HSAs or who purchase their own HSA-compatible insurance. Although those steps would be helpful, HSAs should be expanded further still to give individuals full ownership of and control over all their health care dollars. Unfortunately, HSAs (and proposals to expand them) have become politicized. Critics contend that HSAs benefit only the healthy and the wealthy and that HSAs are ineffective or even harmful. In most cases, criticisms of HSAs fall flat. In some cases, the critics do have a point. However, the failures they identify stem not from HSAs or proposals to expand them but from the problems that HSAs are meant to correct. Expanding HSAs would help to correct those problems faster.
Literate Inversions and Cultural Metaphors in Edgefield Stoneware

name firsthand by inscribing "Dave" on many of his stoneware vessels, along with other marks for the identification of the production location, the volume capacities of the pots, and etchings of short verses. Dave most likely attained lit eracy while working for one of his succession of owners, Abner Landrum, who operated local newspapers in the 1830s and 1840s (Vlach 1990a:77; Steen 1994:14-15). The open display of this literacy was audacious, as such capability by an enslaved laborer was illegal at the time (Manguel 1996:279-280; De Groft 1998:254). Joseph demonstrates in logical steps of analy sis the character of Dave's pottery production, the types of inscriptions he placed on his ves sels, and the fact that many instances of his signature on those goods are also accompanied by cross-mark inscriptions. As a result, the cross marks were likely not meant to function as the identifying mark of the individual artisan, as they were unnecessary for that purpose on a vessel that already presented his signature. The cross-mark inscriptions also appear on vessels in other contexts that indicate they were not used in a routinized way to identify a particular pottery production center in which the vessels were created. With such alternative explanations of the cross-mark purpose proving untenable, Joseph analyzes the ways in which such cross marks may have served to express a social group identity to which Dave subscribed. Surveying a number of potential social group affiliations that could inspire an individual in 19th-century Edgefield to utilize such cross-mark symbols as a communicative act etched into material culture, Joseph focuses principally on the possible influences of BaKongo culture and Christian symbolism. While ostensibly this may sound like a theme that has been thoroughly explored in African diaspora studies to date, the subject matter and analysis in this Edgefield case are new and fascinating. Whereas other analysts have examined contexts in which cross marks were etched into material culture for
CRÍTICA DE LEVINAS À ESTRUTURA DA SUBJETIVIDADE KANTIANA

Conforme Levinas, a filosofia critica kantiana ainda e insuficiente para estabelecer uma autentica relacao com outrem, a altura do humano. Isso ocorre apesar de Kant determinar os limites, o alcance e o valor da razao, concluindo pela reducao do campo do conhecimento racional aos objetos de experiencia possivel, o que significou a negacao da possibilidade de cognoscibilidade dos objetos da metafisica e da religiao. Tal insuficiencia consiste essencialmente na concepcao da subjetividade como atividade espontanea. Nesse sentido, Levinas propoe uma destituicao do eu autonomo do seu poder de legislar os principios que regem a lei moral. Ele substitui o principio da autonomia pelo principio da heteronomia, propondo que a heteronomia e a condicao de possibilidade para chegar a autonomia.