cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feature selection for classification models via bilevel optimization

Abstract Selecting model features that would ensure adequate out-of-sample classification is difficult in real life applications of classification often because there is a large number of candidate features. We propose a bilevel programming approach to feature selection problem for classification and develop a novel genetic algorithm as a solution approach. We implement the proposed framework in three different case studies where we classify influenza strains based on antigenic variety, distinguish between good and bad quality colposcopy images, and identify splice junction sites in genetic sequences. As a benchmark for the proposed genetic algorithm, we use a derivative-free optimization method to solve the bilevel feature selection problems in these case studies. The computational experiments show that the proposed bilevel framework improves the overall classification performance while selecting the most important features for the model.
Reciprocal plant-mediated interactions between a virus and a non-vector herbivore.

Vector-borne viruses alter many physical and chemical traits of their plant hosts, indirectly affecting the fitness and behavior of vectors in ways that promote virus transmission. However, it is unclear whether viruses induce plant-mediated shifts in the behavior and fitness of non-vector herbivores, or if non-vectors affect the dynamics of vector-borne viruses. Here we evaluated reciprocal interactions between Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), a pathogen transmitted by the aphid Acrythosiphon pisum, and a non-vector weevil, Sitona lineatus. In the field, PEMV-infected plants experienced more defoliation from S. lineatus than uninfected plants; behavioral assays similarly showed S. lineatus adults preferred to feed on infected plants. In turn, infectious A. pisum preferred plants damaged by S. lineatus, and S. lineatus herbivory led to increased PEMV titer. These interactions may be mediated by plant phytohormone levels, as S. lineatus induced jasmonic acid, while PEMV induced salicylic acid. Levels of abscisic acid were not affected by attack from either PEMV or S. lineatus alone, but plants challenged by both had elevated levels of this phytohormone. As plant viruses and their vectors often exist in diverse communities, our study highlights the importance of non-vector species in influencing plant pathogens and their vectors through host-mediated effects.
Luteolysins and Mechanisms of Luteolysis

A fundamentally important event in reproduction is luteolysis because without a decrease in progesterone secretion, there can be no gonadotropin-dependent ovarian differentiation and cyclic function. Until the last two decades, virtually nothing was known of the mechanisms of luteolysis or of the agents that regulate such processes. It was the pioneering work of researchers at the Upjohn Company which led to the finding that prostaglandin (PG) F2α was luteolytic in the laboratory rat (1). This eicosanoid produces luteal regression in a host of domestic and laboratory animals. PGF2α is generally regarded to be the major physiological uterine luteolysin in domestic species (2), but PGF2α is not an effective luteolysin in women. Thus, in the human, progress in understanding the mechanisms of luteolysis has not been as rapid. Nevertheless, from studies using ovarian cells from diverse species, an understanding of the nature of luteolysins and the mechanisms of luteolysis in the human may ultimately be realized.
Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of Ruthenium(II) Mixed-Ligand Complexes: Precursors to Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Multimetal Complexes Containing Ruthenium(II), Platinum(II), Rhenium(I) and Rhodium(III)

The mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes addressed in this report contain chelating ligands with remote bidentate coordination sites. These sites have been used in our laboratories to coordinate ruthe- nium(II), platinum(II) (Sahai 1986), rhenium(I) and rhodium(III). The photophysical properties of the mononuclear mixed-ligand ruthe- nium(II) complexes have indicated that photophysical properties of excited states can be synthetically controlled. These issues are ad- dressed in this report along with radiative and substitution quantum yields, excited state redox potentials, and energy gap correlations.
The Common Cycle Economic Lot Scheduling Problem withBackorders: Benefits of Controllable Production Rates

In this paper, we deal with the production scheduling of several products that are produced periodically, in a fixed sequence, on a single machine. In the literature, this problem is usually referred to as the Common Cycle Economic Lot Scheduling Problem. We extend the latter to allow the production rates to be controllable at the beginning of as well as during each production run of a product. Also, we assume that unsatisfied demand is completely backordered. The objective is to determine the optimal schedule that satisfies the demand for all the products and that realizes the minimum average setup, inventory holding and backlog cost per unit time. Comparison with previous results (when production rates are fixed) reveals that average costs can be reduced up to 66% by allowing controllable production rates.
Public Access Defibrillation

The value of early intervention in critically ill patients has long been recognized. As early as the 1700s, scientists recognized the value of mouth-to-mouth respiration and the medical benefits of electricity (1). In the modern era, advances in resuscitation began to proliferate. In 1947, Claude Beck successfully resuscitated a 14-year-old boy through the use of open chest massage and an alternating current (AC) defibrillator, the kind that is used in wall outlets. In 1956, Paul Zoll demonstrated the effectiveness of closed chest massage with the use of an AC defibrillator. In the late 1950s, Peter Safar, William Kouwenhoven, James Jude and others began to study sudden cardiac arrest (CA) and in 1960, they demonstrated the efficacy of mouth-to-mouth ventilation and closed chest cardiac massage (2). In 1961, Bernard Lown demonstrated the superiority of direct current (DC) defibrillators, the kind provided by batteries. In 1966, J. Frank Pantridge and John Geddes developed the world’s first mobile intensive care unit (MICU) in Belfast, Northern Ireland, as a way to bring early advanced medical care to patients with cardiac emergencies (3). In 1969, William Grace established the first MICU in the United States in New York City (4). Subsequently, there were efforts in the United States and throughout the world to emulate and build on this concept. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, paramedic programs were developed by Eugene Nagel in Miami, Leonard Cobb in Seattle, Leonard Rose in Portland, Michael Criley in Los Angeles, and James Warren and Richard Lewis in Columbus. In the 1980s, Mickey Eisenberg, Richard Cummins, and colleagues demonstrated the effectiveness of rapid defibrillation in Seattle, Washington (5), while Kenneth Stults demonstrated the same in rural Iowa (6). This growing body of research demonstrated the importance of rapid care for victims of sudden CA by showing that survival improved when basic life support (mouth-to-mouth ventilation and closed chest compressions) was provided within 4 minutes and advanced life support (defibrillation, intravenous medications and fluids, and advanced airway management) within 8 minutes. Subsequent studies found that the benefits of advanced life support were primarily the result of electrical countershock for patients in ventricular fibrillation (VF). From these findings, a model of care called the “Chain of Survival,” was first described by Mary Newman (7), and then by Cummins et al. (8), and eventually adopted by the Citizen CPR Foundation, the American Heart Association (AHA) and others. The Chain of Survival consists of four action steps that must occur in rapid succession to provide the patient the greatest likelihood for resuscitation: early access (call 911 or the local emergency number to notify the emergency medical services [EMS] system and summon on-site help); early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; begin immediately); early defibrillation; and early advanced care (transfer care to EMS professionals upon their arrival at the scene).
Optimization of gain at 108.9 nm in Xe III

Kapteyn el al.1 recently reported the first observation of gain at 108.9 nm in Xe2+. We studied the dependence of this gain on pressure, pumping, pulse length, and pump energy. By adjusting these parameters we achieved a gain of exp(3.2) in a natural isotopic mix of Xe using only 0.56 J of 1064-nm energy on target. This represents an efficiency improvement of ~100 over previous results. With 8.5 J on target a total gain of exp(6.4) was measured.
Case Study 1: Oracle Data Warehouse

In this chapter we will discuss our project on the development of an integrated scientific data warehouse and data mining environment based on Oracle database technologies. There are several specific requirements for the integrated environment: 1. The data warehouse system should be scalable for hosting multiple data sets from various independent sources. Each data set could be in the order of 100M bytes (or more). By hosting it means that the data sets are either directly loaded into the database of the warehouse system, or the data sets are accessible by the data warehouse system via a dynamic link. Such a dynamic link can be thought of as a logical pointer that allows a virtual table to reference a data set in a storage device outside the database environment. Typically such a virtual table is inside a database environment where efficient data retrieval via SQL can be easily achieved while the data set is physically located outside the database environment. 2. During the run time, the data warehouse system allows a user to define relational linkages among tables from different independent sources. In RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) such relational linkages are realized as foreign key references. 3. During the run time, the data warehouse system allows a user to define a dynamic SQL query for retrieving data from different independent sources. In other words, the data warehouse has no prior knowledge on what SQL queries may be issued by a user. Therefore one cannot implement all the possible SQL queries in advance. 4. The data warehouse provides a conversion tool for handling mixed data types, as well as basic data cleaning features, such as different ways of handling missing values. Specifically, the data warehouse provides an interactive tool for converting continuous data type to ordinal finite discrete data type or categorical data type. 5. The data warehouse system is tightly integrated with the data mining tools that are implemented to realize the data mining techniques discussed in the previous chapters.
The Role of Organic Conductors in a World of Nanoscience

Nanoscience, i.e., the study of assemblies from the submicroscopic (in the optical spectrum) to the molecular length scale, is one of the most pervasive topics in current materials chemistry and physics research, with interdisciplinary potential from biology to engineering. Nanoscience opportunities for molecular conductors research exists especially in the area of patterned conducting films, which could eventually lead to molecular electronics applications. Our work has focussed on the fabrication of micro-and nanocrystalline films of BEDT-TTF and their conducting salts on noble micro-and substrates, where the crystallization was forced to follow previously deposited nanoscale patterns of specially derivatized thiols. These patterns were produced either by the dip-pen nanolithography or micro-contact printing techniques. In preparation for the advent of new focussed synchrotron beam lines with 10-20 nm spot sizes, we have mapped the sulfur Kα fluorescence emitted by the patterned BEDT-TTF films. The sulfur fluorescence distribution is a sensitive tool to assess the quality of the deposited patterns.
Surgery for epilepsy in the primary motor cortex: A critical review

Surgical resection of the epileptogenic zone within the frontal lobe can be a very effective treatment for medically refractory epilepsy originating from this area. While much of the frontal lobe consists of highly eloquent tissue, surgery is not necessarily contraindicated as long as the epileptogenic zone is well-localized and the tissue resected is limited. Resection of the primary motor cortex was described by Victor Horsley in the 19th century and was used frequently in the early 20th century for a variety of neurological disorders including epilepsy; improvements in surgical techniques and mapping has led to a resurgence of its use in the past few decades. Although many surgeons are hesitant to resect tissue adjacent to the primary hand area based on fears of new motor deficits, there is extensive evidence that focal resections are well-tolerated over the long-term with residual weakness that is fairly mild: some patients experience postoperative weakness, including hemiparesis, but a stereotypical recovery of strength from proximal to distal muscles occurs over months, and only one quarter will have a permanent neurologic deficit, usually consisting of difficulty with fine motor movements. The main alternative to surgical resection is subpial transection, characterized by a small decrease in postoperative deficits and significantly worse seizure outcomes. The treatment of patients with seizures originating from this region requires a solid understanding of the structural and functional anatomy of the frontal lobe.
Working on the Borderline Between Law and Mental Health

In this introductory chapter to The Forensic Examination: Handbook for the Mental Health Professional, we will provide an overview to several key concepts and features of our field. By highlighting a few pivotal moments throughout its beginning and progress as a psychiatric subspecialty, the foundation is being laid for future chapters to expand upon. In particular, we will explore various terms and definitions relevant to the forensic mental health professional, an inclusive title for those serving as an expert witness regarding psychiatric and psychologic testimony. We will pay attention to fundamental aspects that frame and allow for the successful navigation within the boundaries for the forensic mental health professional to observe. We will appreciate the differences between clinical practice and forensic practice, and the possible problems if the lines are crossed. Although the substance and content of the mental health forensic field are relevant to the forensic practice in a number of mental health professionals including, but not limited to, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and nurses, “forensic psychiatry” will also be used interchangeably in this context. Lastly, we hope to shed light on the aspects of our professional occupation that, like other scientific endeavors, are subject to evolving constructs that parallel efforts to advance a more efficacious and reliable system that interconnects mental health and law.
The effect of an informal science intervention on middle school girls’ science affinities

This study investigates the impact of an informal science outreach programme built around theories of identity formation and self-efficacy on middle school girls’ science affinities. A lottery-base...
Impacts of physical parameterization on prediction of ethane concentrations for oil and gas emissions in WRF-Chem

Abstract. Recent increases in natural gas (NG) production through hydraulic fracturing have called the climate benefit of switching from coal-fired to natural gas-fired power plants into question. Higher than expected levels of methane, non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and NOx have been observed in areas close to oil and NG operation facilities. Large uncertainties in the oil and NG operation emission inventories reduce the confidence level in the impact assessment of such activities on regional air quality and climate, as well as in the development of effective mitigation policies. In this work, we used ethane as the indicator of oil and NG emissions and explored the sensitivity of ethane to different physical parameterizations and simulation setups in the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model using the US EPA National Emission Inventory (NEI-2011). We evaluated the impact of the following configurations and parameterizations on predicted ethane concentrations: planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations, daily re-initialization of meteorological variables, meteorological initial and boundary conditions, and horizontal resolution. We assessed the uncertainties around oil and NG emissions using measurements from the FRAPPE and DISCOVER-AQ campaigns over the northern Front Range metropolitan area (NFRMA) in summer 2014. The sensitivity analysis shows up to 57.3 % variability in the normalized mean bias of the near-surface modeled ethane across the simulations, which highlights the important role of model configurations on the model performance and ultimately the assessment of emissions. Comparison between airborne measurements and the sensitivity simulations indicates that the model–measurement bias of ethane ranged from −14.9 to −8.2 ppb (NMB ranged from −80.5 % to −44 %) in regions close to oil and NG activities. Underprediction of ethane concentration in all sensitivity runs suggests an actual underestimation of the oil and NG emissions in the NEI-2011. An increase of oil and NG emissions in the simulations partially improved the model performance in capturing ethane and lumped alkanes (HC3) concentrations but did not impact the model performance in capturing benzene, toluene, and xylene; this is due to very low emission rates of the latter species from the oil and NG sector in NEI-2011.
Sex Differences in Human Peer Relationships: A Primate’s-Eye View:

Bonds formed by nonhuman animals can illuminate the structure of human relationships. In the juvenile period, primates of many species that are genetically similar to humans form sex-differentiated...
Lewd looks: American sexploitation cinema in the 1960s

Porn studies has long had favoritism for hardcore. I suffer from this exclusive approach myself. Due to the perceived radical distinction between simulated and unsimulated sex on screen – the diffe...
Influence of Weight Reduction and Enhanced Protein Intake on Biomarkers of Inflammation in Older Adults with Obesity

AbstractBoth aging and obesity are associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory metabolites, while weight reduction is associated with improvements in inflammatory status. However, few stud...
The tumor microenvironment in renal cell cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW In addition to the provision of nutrients and growth factors that facilitate tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, the tumor microenvironment (MEV) restricts immune surveillance of tumor-associated antigens and limits the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and other immune therapies. This review will focus on the immunosuppressive mechanisms operative within the tumor MVE of renal cell carcinoma. RECENT FINDINGS Several of the immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor MEV have been identified and are potentially druggable. Clinical trials with agents that target several of these inhibitory pathways are currently underway. SUMMARY Although renal cell carcinoma is one of several tumor types responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors, the effectiveness of these agents is likely to be limited by the various tumor-infiltrating bone marrow-derived myeloid cells that comprise the MEV. Several strategies to combat the recruitment of these cells into tumor tissue or to neutralize their immunosuppressive function have shown encouraging results in animal tumor models and clinical trials.
Ensuring accurate estimates of step width variability during treadmill walking requires more than 400 consecutive steps

Abstract Falls to the side are associated with significant morbidity, including increased risk of hip and radius fracture. Although step width variability, as measured by standard deviation, has been hypothesized to be associated with falls to the side, there is little supporting evidence. The extent to which such a relationship could be reliably established, however, is dependent on the accuracy with which step width, and thus step width variability, is measured. It has been reported that 400 consecutive steps are required to accurately estimate step width of young adults during treadmill walking. The degree to which this requirement generalizes to other populations has not been determined. Here, a secondary analysis of step width time series data from 19 middle-age women during treadmill walking revealed that 400 steps were insufficient to accurately estimate step width or step width variability for the majority of the women sampled. Patterns observed in the data suggest the potential influence of confounding factors including acclimatization to the task and fatigue during the protocol. The results suggest that the minimum number of steps previously reported as necessary to accurately assess step width and step width variability of young adults during treadmill walking is not valid for middle-age women. Furthermore, the results point to the potential value of reproducing and/or extending the original experiment that established 400 consecutive steps as necessary to accurately estimate step kinematics among young adults.
Contrasting patterns of MHC and microsatellite diversity in social and solitary tuco-tucos (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae)

MHC diversity in two species of tuco-tuco (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) is compared and evaluated in light of behavioral and demographic differences between the study species. MHC diversity is also compared to diversity at nine microsatellite loci to explore interspecific patterns of genetic variation at functional and non-functional nuclear markers. While it is impossible to tease apart the relative effects of selection, history, current demography, and social structure, it is clear that these factors have differentially affected MHC and microsatellite loci in tuco-tucos. Microsatellite polymorphism in Ctenomys sociabilis is consistently less than that in Ctenomys haigi although microsatellite diversity in both species is consistent with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. In contrast, MHC polymorphism is greater in C. sociabilis. Heterozygosity levels in both species appear to be reduced relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations although this deviation is significant only for C. haigi. These data suggest that the factors shaping genetic diversity in tuco-tucos differ markedly between microsatellite and MHC loci.
Test migration between mobile apps with similar functionality

The use of mobile apps is increasingly widespread, and much effort is put into testing these apps to make sure they behave as intended. To reduce this effort, and thus the overall cost of mobile app testing, we propose AppTestMigrator, a technique for migrating test cases between apps in the same category (e.g., banking apps). The intuition behind AppTestMigrator is that many apps share similarities in their functionality, and these similarities often result in conceptually similar user interfaces (through which that functionality is accessed). AppTestMigrator leverages these commonalities between user interfaces to migrate existing tests written for an app to another similar app. Specifically, given (1) a test case for an app (source app) and (2) a second app (target app), AppTestMigrator attempts to automatically transform the sequence of events and oracles in the test for the source app to events and oracles for the target app. We implemented AppTestMigrator for Android mobile apps and evaluated it on a set of randomly selected apps from the Google play store in four different categories. our initial results are promising, support our intuition that test migration is possible, and motivate further research in this direction.
What Cy Twombly’s Art Can Teach Us About Patients’ Stories

Some patients' stories can be hard to tell and hard to listen to, especially in pressured, time-pinched clinical environments. This difficulty, however, doesn't absolve clinicians from a duty to try to understand patients' stories, interpret their meanings, and respond with care. Such efforts require clinical creativity, full engagement, and the recognition that emotions and personal feelings leak into the space between storyteller and story listener. Art objects are complex bodies of information that can challenge clinicians and trainees to become more comfortable with messy narratives as well as with ethical and aesthetic ambiguity. By slowing down and observing art, trainees can reflect on how clinicians make sense of stories that contain information that appears random and lacks coherence-and, more importantly, how clinicians draw on these stories to respond to patients' needs.
Decline in Stroke Presentations During COVID-19 Surge.

Background and Purpose: We aimed to investigate the acute stroke presentations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The data were obtained from a health system with 19 ...
Phenotypic plasticity in the larvae of Luidia foliolata (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)

The effect of food ration on growth and development of larvae of the seastar Luidia foliolata was examined in the laboratory. Different food rations led to different larval shapes. Larvae at the high food ration (10000 cells/ml) had arms with pointed ends and those at the low food ration (1000 cells/ml) had arms with rounded ends. Advanced bipinnaria at the low food ration were larger and had longer larval arms than those at the high food ration. Juveniles started appearing 85 days after fertilization at the high food ration and 167 days after fertilization for those at the low food ration. The diameters of juveniles produced did not differ significantly between food rations. The changes in shape associated with the low food ration should lead to greater clearance rates which would enhance growth rate of larvae, although still at a slower rate than for those at the high food ration. Developmental plasticity that allows changes in form in response to different food concentrations or food quality may be a mechanism of acclimation to different food supplies.
Hourglass Model for Developmental Evolution of Ant Castes.

Classic models for the development and evolution of ant castes struggle to explain recent empirical results. Here, we propose an hourglass model compatible with all existing data, providing a formal, falsifiable framework for future study. This illustrates how phenotypic variation can be used to infer underlying developmental and genetic architecture.
Without the Forest: Educational Projects for Indigenous Communities

The article reflects on the crisis occurring today globally by the impact of the environmental changes caused by immense deforestation as these vast advances impinge on the lands located where the ...
Law and Disorder: The High Court’s Hasty Decision in Miranda Leaves a Tangled Mess

This is an essay borne of almost three decades of studying the infamous 1966 U.S. Supreme Court decision, Miranda v. Arizona.1 This is, paradoxically, both the easiest and most difficult task. It is easy because, although Miranda was a 100-plus page opinion, there have been at least 1000 articles tailored to most every sentence in that opinion. Fairly it can be queried, “What does this professor have to add?” Miranda was judicial fiat: at its worst, it was ultra vires, it was a usurpation of the legislative function, it was illogical, it was—being complimentary—the second try at handling a social problem. It was verbose, it confused the Sixth Amendment right to counsel2 with the Fifth Amendment self-incrimination clause,3 it was filled with dicta that was inexorably eroded from its birth to the present. It changed the long-held belief that the selfincrimination right attached at trial or trial-like proceedings, not in the street. But, at its best, it was idealistic, it attempted to maximize the truth-finding function of trial, it maximized individual dignity and liberty, and it gave law professors a meaningful chance to pontificate and earn tenure. Additionally, it relied on the intrinsic equitable powers of the High Court to fashion appropriate remedies. Admittedly, the Anglo-American process of common law de-
Use of microalgae for mitigating ammonia and CO2 emissions from animal production operations — Evaluation of gas removal efficiency and algal biomass composition

Abstract The emissions of ammonia and CO 2 from animal housing operations are a major challenge for concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). A microalgae culture process was developed as a bio-scrubber to remove these gases. The green algae Scenedesmus dimorphus was grown in a flat panel photobioreactor aerated with ammonia- and CO 2 -laden air, with ammonia mass loading being fixed at 42.4 mg/L·day and CO 2 mass loading rates ranging from 0.64 to 5.49 g/L·day. Within the range of the CO 2 mass loading rate investigated, the ammonia gas removal rate was kept constant (41–42 mg/L·day) with a high removal efficiency (> 95%) from the inlet gas. The majority (80–90%) of the ammonia was removed by algal cell assimilation, with a small portion (10–12%) being removed via liquid dissolution. The CO 2 removal rate and removal efficiency, however, highly depended on the CO 2 mass loading rate used. The highest CO 2 removal rate (0.6 g/L·day) was achieved at CO 2 mass loading rate of 1.18 g/L·day, but the highest CO 2 removal efficiency (78%) was achieved at the 0.64 g/L·day CO 2 mass loading rate. The cell biomass obtained contained 7–8% lipid, 55–60% protein, and 21–28% of carbohydrates. The amino acid profiles of the algal biomass are close to the ideal protein profiles for typical animal feeds, with a high ratio of essential amino acids. Collectively, the study shows that microalgae culture is an effective method for mitigation of ammonia and CO 2 emissions from CAFOs, with the potential for use as an animal feed additive.
Selenium biochemistry chemical and physical studies

A brief discussion of the vast and increasingly important area of organoselenium chemistry is presented as it relates to the biochemistry of this element. Organo selenoamino acids are the basic building blocks of many selenium-containing macromolecules, which are the primary focus of this article. First to be discussed are synthetic selenium analogues of sulfur-containing natural products such as selenocoenzyme A and selenobiotin. Secondly, are those enzymes which will indiscriminately incorporate selenium and the most important of these are considered. Finally, the most important and interesting class of selenium-containing macromolecules are the naturally occurring selenoproteins, of which there are eight currently known and only three which have been extensively studied. Physical studies which relate to or have the potential to aid in investigations of selenium biochemistry constitute the final topic.
Ileostomie zur Stuhldeviation bei kolorektalen Eingriffen: Wann ist sie indiziert?

Fragestellung und Hintergrund Die Anlage eines doppellaufigen Ileostomas zur Stuhldeviation bei Patienten, die sich einer Rektumresektion mit Anastomose unterziehen, wird kontroverse diskutiert. Die Datenlage hinsichtlich des wahrgenommenen Nutzens im Vergleich zur Morbiditat bei ableitenden Stomata ist widerspruchlich. Diese Ubersichtsarbeit pruft anhand der relevanten chirurgischen Literatur die Risiken, Nutzen und Kosten der Anlage eines Deviationsileostomas im Kontext der derzeit ublichen Praxis in der kolorektalen Chirurgie.
Hybrid procedures for computing general viscous flows

In the computational fluid-dynamics community, the general viscous flow, i.e., a flow in which viscous separation is an important feature, is receiving a great deal of current attention. Because of its fundamental nature and its practical importance, the problem of finding predictive methods for general viscous flows has been traditionally a focal point of research in fluid dynamics. It has long been recognized that the mathematical difficulties attendant on the analytical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations describing the general viscous flows are formidable. The numerical approach offers the only promise, for the foreseeable future, of accurate quantitative solutions under reasonably general circumstances [1.18, 1.19].
Information Theory Based on Fuzzy (Possibilistic) Rules

The paper presents a systematic design of information theory based on fuzzy rules of combining evidence. The theory is developed both for discrete and continuous cases, represented respectively by finite distribution of possibility values and by an arbitrary measurable function on the domain of discourse.
myo-Inositol action on gerbil intestine: Association of phosphatidylinositol metabolism with lipid clearance

Abstract The synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol as well as lipid clearance were studied in the intestines of lipodystrophic gerbils treated with or without an intraperitoneal dose of myo -inositol by monitoring the incorporation of 32 P i and the retention of absorbed [1- 14 C]palmitic acid. 1. 1. myo -Inositol deficiency produced an intestinal lipodystrophy with a large lipid accumulation and a decreased level of phosphatidylinositol. Upon myo -inositol repletion, the intestinal phosphatidylinositol rapidly returned to the control level by 2 h, at which time the removal of excess lipid still remained in a lag phase. 2. 2. myo -Inositol injection caused an increase in the incorporation of 32 P i into phosphatidylinositol mainly due to an increased phosphatidylinositol synthesis de novo. As a result, the turnover of phosphatidylinositol molecules might increase because of an expanded pool size. 3. 3. The stimulation of phosphatidylinositol synthesis was then followed by an enhanced clearance of absorbed [ 14 C]palmitate and by an intestinal recovery which was monitored by the loss of accumulated triacylglycerol. 4. 4. This study indicates that myo -inositol availability appears to regulate the in vivo biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol which, in turn, may play a crucial role in normal lipid transport across gerbil intestine.
Identity Discourses on the Dancefloor

Electronic Dance Music Culture (EDMC) is one of the largest subcultural musical movements in history. The dance floor is a creative context that engenders a freedom among participants to reshape their social identity within the Temporary Autonomous Zones (TAZ) that raves, the central spaces for EDMC, provide. On the dance floor, participants enter into powerful trances that have the capacity to reshape notions of self and personhood. This paper examines such identity discourses and suggests that trance consciousness re-constitutes the bodily self as an interaction rather than a corporeal body, radically altering the internal dialogue from which notions of self originate. I illuminate this process by articulating the phenomenal experience of musical trancing with scientific theories of human consciousness. Drawing on the ideas of Merleau-Ponty and Damasio, I suggest an integrative model of consciousness that sheds new light upon the complex layering of trance experiences. The potential benefit of this model lies in its ability to theoretically capture the ineffable musical experience and reveal salient processes underlying the self-transformation reported in subjective narratives. This is pertinent not only to EDMC and other musical cultures, but to our more general understanding of the relationship between self and experience in the world.
The Segregated Storage Problem: Some Properties and an Effective Heuristic

Abstract The segregated storage problem is formulated as an integer programming problem. Some special cases are shown to reduce to ordinary assignment problems. A special property of the integer formulation is used to develop a new heuristic procedure which produces near optimal solutions and which can be used as a tight bound in branch and bound procedures. Computational comparisons with heuristics proposed by other authors indicate this method to be superior in solving large problems.
Origin of vector parasites in numerical Maxwell solutions

Dispersion relations are derived for conventional finite-element (FE) and finite-difference (FD) approximations for four versions of the Maxwell equations in the plane: the double-curl equation; the vector Helmholtz equation; the penalty equation; and the primitive, coupled Maxwell curl equations. Comparison with their analytic counterparts reveals the presence and origin of vector parasites. For the double-curl and penalty methods, the dispersion relations are double-valued, admitting an extra, spurious dispersion surface of real-valued wavenumbers. As a result, low wavenumbers support well-resolved and poorly resolved vector parasites. The Helmholtz schemes have monotonic, single-valued dispersion relations for divergence-free physical modes. Specification of divergence-free boundary conditions is sufficient to guarantee the absence of parasites. The primitive schemes have single-valued but folded (nonmonotonic) dispersion relations, supporting poorly resolved vector parasites at low wavenumbers. Use of a staggered finite-difference grid eliminates these parasites and results in a dispersion relation identical to that for the Helmholtz scheme. In cases where vector parasites arise, the same essential weakness in the discretized form of either the first or cross-derivative is responsible. >
Hydrogen sorption-desorption effects in a hot-cathode ionization gauge

Sorption-desorption effects arising at the molybdenum grid and thoriated iridium cathode of a commercially available ionization gauge are reported. Pumping speeds for hydrogen up to approximately 0.81. sec-1 were found towards the extremes of the temperature range from ambient to 1000°C with a minimum ≤ 0.01 l. sec-1 over 300-600°C and 350-850°C for grid and cathode respectively. It is deduced that intermittent gauge operation has no advantage over continuous operation for chemically active gases. A new study of gauge materials and operating conditions is recommended in an attempt to minimize or eliminate the `active' nature of commercial gauges. Such elimination is essential before the concepts of reproducibility and stability of gauge calibration can acquire practical meaning.
Hemostatic abnormalities in total artificial heart patients as detected by specific blood markers

We retrospectively evaluated the hemostatic system of 13 patients during implantation (2 to 35 days) of the Jarvik 7-70 total artificial heart (TAH). Although all patients were clinically manageable while on the TAH, 5 had excessive generalized bleeding. After the heart transplant procedure, 2 patients had neurological events and 1 patient, thrombosis of the leg. While the patients were supported by the TAH, the routine coagulation assays (prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, factor assays, and platelet count) showed slight abnormalities but no correlation to hemorrhagic or thrombotic events. In contrast, plasma and cellular activation markers, which are highly sensitive and specific for hypercoagulability, fibrinolysis, or platelet activation, revealed activation in all patients. Most striking was the marked activation of the fibrinolytic system (p less than 0.05 to 0.001). Correlations of individual patient data compared with the average TAH group response could be made between excessive enhancement of fibrinolysis (increased D-dimer and tissue plasminogen activator and decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor) and bleeding. A hypercoagulable state (increased fibrinogen and thrombin-antithrombin complex and decreased antithrombin III and protein C), decreased fibrinolysis (decreased tissue plasminogen activator and D-dimer), activated platelets (increased thromboxane B2), or combinations of these were associated with thrombosis. The hemostatic activation returned to normal 1 day after removal of the TAH. These data suggest that the patient with a TAH requires more sophisticated laboratory monitoring and individualized treatment for excessive fibrinolysis, hypercoagulable state, or platelet activation to avoid thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications.
Blogging with pre-service teachers as action research: when data deserve a second glance

The implementation of digital pedagogies (i.e. blogging) is one way to mediate large classroom discussions in culturally relevant ways. This 2.5-year longitudinal mixed-method action research study reflects on the ways blogging can further promote culturally relevant discussions explored in face-to-face classes. Findings include pre-service teachers’ use of blogs in: interrogating issues as a means of developing cultural competence; recognizing their own trepidation and lack of self-knowledge related to topics of diversity; and exploring the disconnect between their current knowledge and future practice. Additionally, this study explores ways in which the authors could have further assisted students in challenging their beliefs and strengthening cultural competencies through blog responses.
Psychophysical method and phoria as variables determining apparent motion perception.

Psychophysical method, degree of heterophoria, and type of heterophoria (esophoria and hyperphoria) were studied as variables affecting the perception of beta motion in 25 male Ss and 25 female Ss. Esophoria was more disruptive of motion perception than hyperphoria, for all Ss, with the stimuli presented in a horizontal plane. The method of constant stimuli produced greater mean durations of perceived motion in the male Ss than the method of serial exploration but was non-significant for females. Degree of heterophoria did not significantly affect mean durations of perceived motion for either group, leading to the conclusion that beta motion is a highly stable phenomenon
Sexuality, Gender, and Religious Attendance

Existing research on religious organizations serving lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgendered people has noted a dearth of women in such congregations but has offered little explanation for this phenomenon. Working from a study conducted with 29 lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered women in the greater Los Angeles area, this paper demonstrates that race and ethnicity, feminism, a concern for LGBT rights, and interaction between the life-course patterns of religion and sexual identity influenced participants’ decisions about religious involvement. These results, while not generalizable, indicate the need for a nuanced understanding of both religious practice and identity in larger studies of gender, sexuality, and religious attendance.
Contrasting fluid/rock interaction between the Notch Peak granitic intrusion and argillites and limestones in western Utah: evidence from stable isotopes and phase assemblages

The Jurassic Notch Peak granitic stock, western Utah, discordantly intrudes Cambrian interbedded pure limestones and calcareous argillites. Contact metamorphosed argillite and limestone samples, collected along traverses away from the intrusion, were analyzed for δ18O, δ13C, and δD. The δ13C and δ18O values for the limestones remain constant at about 0.5 (PDB) and 20 (SMOW), respectively, with increasing metamorphic grade. The whole rock δ18O values of the argillites systematically decrease from 19 to as low as 8.1, and the δ13C values of the carbonate fraction from 0.5 to −11.8. The change in δ13C values can be explained by Rayleigh decarbonation during calcsilicate reactions, where calculated \(\Delta ^{13} {\text{C}}_{\left( {{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} - {\text{cc}}} \right)}\) is about 4.5 permil for the high-grade samples and less for medium and low-grade samples suggesting a range in temperatures at which most decarbonation occurred. However, the amount of CO2 released was not anough to decrease the whole rock δ18O to the values observed in the argillites. The low δ18O values close to the intrusion suggest interaction with magmatic water that had a δ18O value of 8.5. The extreme lowering of δ13C by fractional devolatilization and the lowering of δ18O in argillites close to the intrusion indicates oxgen-equivalent fluid/rock ratios in excess of 1.0 and X(CO2)F of the fluid less than 0.2. Mineral assemblages in conjunction with the isotopic data indicate a strong influence of water infiltration on the reaction relations in the argillites and separate fluid and thermal fronts moving thru the argillites. The different stable isotope relations in limestones and argillites attest to the importance of decarbonation in the enhancement of permeability. The flow of fluids was confined to the argillite beds (argillite aquifers) whereas the limestones prevented vertical fluid flow and convective cooling of the stock.
Effect of stream microhabitat characteristics on rate of net energy gain by juvenile smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu

We estimated the rate of energy consumed and expended by 43 juvenile smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, videotaped in the North Anna River during 1991. Habitat data were also collected in the areas where each individual was videotaped. The net rate of energy gained (J·min−1) increased as water depths decreased and mean water-column velocities increased. This relationship remained statistically significant even when we assumed that consumption was as little as 40% of our original estimates, and that respiratory costs were three times higher than we suspected. The net rate of energy gained by juvenile smallmouth bass was only affected by the characteristics of the area that they searched and not the foraging tactics they employed.
Precipitation behavior in ultra-low-carbon steels containing titanium and niobium

This work revealed the basic mechanism for the stabilization of carbon in ultra-low-carbon (ULC) steels that contain moderate S (0.004 to 0.010 wt pct), adequate Ti (0.060 to 0.080), and low Mn (≤0.20). During cooling through the austenitic region to the ferritic, the initially formed sulfide particles (TiS) undergo an in situ transformation into carbosulfides (H-Ti4C2S2) by absorbing C and Ti. The transformation from TiS to H may be considered as a hybrid of shear and diffusion, i.e., faulted Ti8S9 (9R)+10[Ti]+9[C] → 4 1/2Ti4C2S2 (H). At low temperature (≤930 °C), the stabilization process continues through epitaxial growth of carbides on H phase, i.e., [M]+x[C]+H → epitaxial MCx (on H). This mechanism differs from the traditional view of stabilization, where the carbon is removed from solution by the formation of free-standing or independently nucleated H and/or MCN precipitates. While these two forms of carbon stabilization are now well known, this article presents a method of predicting which mechanism of stabilization will be operative in a given steel based on its bulk composition. Implications bearing upon new ULC steel design, considering the role of S, will be discussed.