cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myofibrillar protein degradation in the chicken. 3-Methylhistidine release in vivo and in vitro in normal and genetically muscular-dystrophic chickens

Myofibrillar protein degradation was measured in 4-week-old normal (line 412) and genetically muscular-dystrophic (line 413) New Hampshire chickens by monitoring the rates of 3-methylhistidine excretion in vivo and in vitro. A method of perfusing breast and wing muscles was developed and the rate of 3-methylhistidine release in vitro was measured between 30 and 90min of perfusion. During this perfusion period, 3-methylhistidine release from the muscle preparation was linear, indicating that changes in 3-methylhistidine concentration of the perfusate were the result of myofibrillar protein degradation. Furthermore, the viability of the perfused muscle was maintained during this interval. After 60min of perfusion, ATP, ADP and creatine phosphate concentrations in pectoral muscle were similar to muscle freeze-clamped in vivo. Rates of glucose uptake and lactate production were constant during the perfusion. In dystrophic-muscle preparations, the rate of 3-methylhistidine release in vitro (nmol/h per g of dried muscle) was elevated 2-fold when compared with that in normal muscle. From these data the fractional degradation rates of myofibrillar protein in normal and dystrophic pectoral muscle were calculated to be 12 and 24% respectively. Daily 3-methylhistidine excretion (nmol/day per g body wt.) in vivo was elevated 1.35-fold in dystrophic chickens. Additional studies revealed that the anti-dystrophic drugs diphenylhydantoin and methylsergide, which improve righting ability of dystrophic chickens, did not alter 3-methylhistidine release in vitro. This result implies that changes in myofibrillar protein turnover are not the primary lesion in avian muscular dystrophy. From tissue amino acid analysis, the myofibrillar 3-methylhistidine content per g dry weight of muscle was similar in normal and dystrophic pectoral muscle. More than 96% of the 3-methylhistidine present in pectoral muscle was associated with the myofibrillar fraction. Dystrophic myofibrillar protein contained significantly less 3-methylhistidine (nmol/g of myofibrillar protein) than protein from normal muscle. This observation supports the hypothesis that there may be a block in the biochemical maturation and development of dystrophic muscle after hatching. Free 3-methylhistidine (nmol/g wet wt.) was elevated in dystrophic muscle, whereas blood 3-methylhistidine concentrations were similar in both lines. In summary, the increased myofibrillar protein catabolism demonstrated in dystrophic pectoral muscle correlates with the increased lysosomal cathepsin activity in this tissue as reported by others.
Experimental Comparison of the High-Speed Imaging Performance of an EM-CCD and sCMOS Camera in a Dynamic Live-Cell Imaging Test Case

The study of living cells may require advanced imaging techniques to track weak and rapidly changing signals. Fundamental to this need is the recent advancement in camera technology. Two camera types, specifically sCMOS and EM-CCD, promise both high signal-to-noise and high speed (>100 fps), leaving researchers with a critical decision when determining the best technology for their application. In this article, we compare two cameras using a live-cell imaging test case in which small changes in cellular fluorescence must be rapidly detected with high spatial resolution. The EM-CCD maintained an advantage of being able to acquire discernible images with a lower number of photons due to its EM-enhancement. However, if high-resolution images at speeds approaching or exceeding 1000 fps are desired, the flexibility of the full-frame imaging capabilities of sCMOS is superior.
Effect of Maternal Depression on Child Behavior: A Sensitive Period?

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of maternal depression during the child's first year of life (i.e., sensitive period) on subsequent behavior problems. Method Participants were 175 mothers participating in the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project (OADP) who met lifetime diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) and completed the child behavior checklist (CBCL) for their first child at some point during the child's first 12 years (mean = 4.91 years). Results Regression analyses indicated that MDD in the sensitive period was a significant predictor of internalizing and total behavior problems on the CBCL while controlling for several demographic variables (e.g., child and mother age, child gender). Maternal depression before pregnancy and during the prenatal period did not significantly predict later child behavior problems, suggesting that the effect was not driven by the presence of previous MDD and was specific to the first year of life. Conclusions Presence of maternal MDD during a child's first year of life represents a sensitive period and increases the risk of adverse child outcome. The findings suggest the importance of identification, prevention, and early intervention. Future studies should examine these findings in more diverse, heterogeneous samples.
Characterization of the effects of high multipath phase rates in GPS

GPS multipath has been studied since the early 1970s. Prior to the investigation described in this paper, however, the effects due to the relative Doppler shift between the direct and multipath signal components have received scant attention. The single previous study that did address the issue indicated coherent receivers had significant performance advantages over noncoherent receivers. Specifically, it was stated that under the condition of fast-fading multipath, noncoherent receivers would yield a bias error, whereas coherent receivers would not. After reviewing the background theory, this paper describes a revised model of the phenomenon and shows the results of hardware simulations which validate the existence of the bias in both receiver types and offer support for the new model. A case study of a specific commercial receiver is presented.
Inappropriate utilization of radiographic imaging in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer in the United States.

BACKGROUND: The use of radiographic imaging (bone scan and computerized tomography) is only recommended for men diagnosed with high-risk prostate cancer characteristics. The authors sought to characterize utilization patterns of imaging in men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. METHODS: The authors performed a population-based observational cohort study using the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked data to identify 30,183 men diagnosed with prostate cancer during 2004 to 2005. RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of men with low-risk and 48% with intermediate-risk prostate cancer underwent imaging, whereas only 60% of men with high-risk disease received imaging before treatment. Radiographic imaging utilization was greater for men who were older than 75 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-1.37; P $60,000 vs <$35,000; P < .001), lived in rural regions (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.12-1.36; P < .001), or underwent standard radiation therapies (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.60-1.84; P < .001). Imaging utilization was less for men living in areas with greater high school education (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.91 between highest and lowest graduation rates; P < .001) or opting for active surveillance (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.15-0.19 vs radical prostatectomy; P < .001). The estimated cost of unnecessary imaging over this 2-year period exceeded $3.6 million. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, there is widespread overutilization of imaging for low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer, whereas a worrisome number of men with high-risk disease did not receive appropriate imaging studies to exclude metastases before therapy. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Does Context Matter in Determining Psychological Abuse? Effects of Pattern, Harm, Relationship, and Norms

This study explored contextual influences in determining whether psychologically aggressive actions constitute abuse. One hundred and thirty-one undergraduates completed measures of key experiences, attitudes, and traits, and rated abusiveness of behaviors in a series of vignettes. Vignettes varied contexts in which behaviors occurred, including whether the behavior was a pattern, whether there was harm to the recipient, characteristics of the initiator-recipient relationship, and whether behavior was normative. Results showed no effects for participants’ gender, past experiences with psychological aggression, and traits or attitudes. Findings indicated that behaviors were rated as more abusive when harm to the recipient was evident. Findings regarding patterns of behavior, relationship, and normative contexts were less consistent. Implications for measurement of psychological abuse are discussed.
Modified proximal point algorithm for extended linear-quadratic programming

Extended linear-quadratic programming arises as a flexible modeling scheme in dynamic and stochastic optimization, which allows for penalty terms and facilitates the use of duality. Computationally it raises new challenges as well as new possibilities in large-scale applications. Recent efforts have been focused on the fully quadratic case ([15] and [23]), while relying on the fundamental proximal point algorithm (PPA) as a shell of “outer” iterations when the problem is not fully quadratic. In this paper, we focus on the nonfully quadratic cases by proposing some new variants of the fundamental PPA. We first construct a continuously differentiable saddle function S(u, v) through infimal convolution in such a way that the optimal primal-dual pairs of the original problem are just the saddle points of S(u, v) on the whole space. Then the original extended linear-quadratic-programming problem reduces to solving the nonlinear equation ∇S(u, v)=0. We then embed the fundamental PPA and some of its previous variants in the framework of a Newton-like iteration for this equation. After revealing the local quadratic structure of S near the solution, we derive new extensions of the fundamental PPA. In numerical tests, the modified iteration scheme based on the quasi-Newton update formula outperforms the fundamental PPA considerably.
Biomechanical implications of lumbar spinal ligament transection

Many lumbar spine surgeries either intentionally or inadvertently damage or transect spinal ligaments. The purpose of this work was to quantify the previously unknown biomechanical consequences of isolated spinal ligament transection on the remaining spinal ligaments (stress transfer), vertebrae (bone remodelling stimulus) and intervertebral discs (disc pressure) of the lumbar spine. A finite element model of the full lumbar spine was developed and validated against experimental data and tested in the primary modes of spinal motion in the intact condition. Once a ligament was removed, stress increased in the remaining spinal ligaments and changes occurred in vertebral strain energy, but disc pressure remained similar. All major biomechanical changes occurred at the same spinal level as the transected ligament, with minor changes at adjacent levels. This work demonstrates that iatrogenic damage to spinal ligaments disturbs the load sharing within the spinal ligament network and may induce significant clini...
Giving children security: Mamie Phipps Clark and the racialization of child psychology.

During the 1930s and 1940s, social psychologists became increasingly well-known among progressives battling race prejudice. By the early 1950s, African American psychologist Kenneth Bancroft Clark had become deeply involved with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's battle against segregated education in the South. By this time, his wife, who is less well-known in the annals of history, was developing her own reputation as the guiding spirit behind Harlem's Northside Center for Child Development. Her work at the center helped define an increasing interest in the psychology of children of color. This article examines the individual and social contexts of Mamie Phipps Clark's life and argues for greater attention to the dynamics of race and gender in the history of psychology.
NEUTROPHIL-INDUCED, NEUTROPHIL MIGRATION UPON EXPOSURE TO LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE IN VITRO: INTERLEUKIN 8 RELEASE IS A DOMINANT MECHANISM FOR THE NEWBORN.• 1294

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) recruitment plays a central role in two major NICU problems, late-onset infection and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Our aim was to determine if PMNs of the newborn have the same ability as PMNs from adults, to amplify their inflammatory response by stimulating PMN migration via interleukin 8 (IL-8) release. Neutrophils were isolated from healthy adults or the cord blood of healthy newborns. PMNs (1×106/ml) were studied under sterile cell culture conditions using media consisting of RPMI/5% fetal calf serum. IL-8 was measured by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Culture media was taken to assess its PMN migrational activity, using a 48-well, modified Boyden chemotactic chamber with a 3um pore size, polycarbonate filter. Specific IL-8 antibody (Ab) or an IgG control antibody were added to the chemoattractant media at [1/500]; the former could block 87±4% of the PMN migration to an IL-8 standard of 10-8 M. Initial dose response studies, using a 6 hour exposure to lipopolysaccharide LPS demonstrated that 1.0ng/ml was a submaximal stimulus for IL-8 release for the adult and newborn. Increasing IL-8 release was observed from 1.5 to 18 hrs after PMN exposure to 1.0ng/ml LPS. Table
Neurexin IV and Wrapper interactions mediate Drosophila midline glial migration and axonal ensheathment

Glia play crucial roles in ensheathing axons, a process that requires an intricate series of glia-neuron interactions. The membrane-anchored protein Wrapper is present in Drosophila midline glia and is required for ensheathment of commissural axons. By contrast, Neurexin IV is present on the membranes of neurons and commissural axons, and is highly concentrated at their interfaces with midline glia. Analysis of Neurexin IV and wrapper mutant embryos revealed identical defects in glial migration, ensheathment and glial subdivision of the commissures. Mutant and misexpression experiments indicated that Neurexin IV membrane localization is dependent on interactions with Wrapper. Cell culture aggregation assays and biochemical experiments demonstrated the ability of Neurexin IV to promote cell adhesion by binding to Wrapper. These results show that neuronal-expressed Neurexin IV and midline glial-expressed Wrapper act as heterophilic adhesion molecules that mediate multiple cellular events involved in glia-neuron interactions.
Presynaptic glutamate receptors regulate noradrenaline release from isolated nerve terminals.

Abstract: The wide-ranging neuronal actions of excitatory amino acids, such as glutamate, are thought to be mediated mainly by postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors. We now report the existence of presynaptic glutamate receptors in isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) prepared from hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and cerebral cortex. Activation of these receptors by NMDA or non-NMDA agonists, in a concentration-dependent manner, resulted in Ca2+-dependent release of noradrenaline from vesicular transmitter stores. The NMDA-stimulated release was potentiated by glycine and was blocked by Mg2+ and selective NMDA antagonists. In contrast, release stimulated by selective non-NMDA agonists was blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, but not by Mg2+ or NMDA antagonists. Our data suggest that the presynaptic glutamate receptors can be classified pharmacologically as both the NMDA and non-NMDA types. These receptors, localized on nerve terminals of the locus ceruleus noradrenergic neurons, may play an important role in interactions between noradrenaline and glutamate.
Association of Pyuria and Clinical Characteristics With the Presence of Urinary Tract Infection Among Patients With Acute Nephrolithiasis

Study objective Pyuria is a useful indicator of urinary tract infection among patients with compatible symptoms; however, its utility has not been adequately investigated among patients with acute nephrolithiasis. Therefore, we examine performance characteristics of pyuria and other clinical and laboratory correlates for urinary tract infection among patients with acute nephrolithiasis. Methods A single-center prospective observational study examining the performance characteristics of pyuria and other clinical correlates for urinary tract infection was conducted among patients older than 17 years and presenting with acute nephrolithiasis confirmed by computed tomography and for whom urine culture was obtained. Results Of 360 patients with acute nephrolithiasis, 28 (7.8%) had urinary tract infection, defined as growth of a single uropathogen at greater than or equal to 10 3 colony-forming units/mL. For the presence of urinary tract infection, pyuria level greater than 5 WBCs/high-power field (hpf) had a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 79%; greater than 20 WBCs/hpf had a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 93%. In 307 patients who lacked history of fever or measured temperature greater than 37.9°C (100.2°F), pyuria level greater than 5 WBCs/hpf had a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 81% for urinary tract infection; greater than 20 WBCs/hpf had a sensitivity of 57% and specificity of 94%. Patients with urinary tract infection more often were female; had a history of dysuria, frequent urination, chills, urinary tract infection, or subjective fever; or had measured temperature of greater than 37.9°C (100.2°F). Conclusion About 8% of patients presenting with acute nephrolithiasis have urinary tract infection, in many without clinical findings of infection, and pyuria has only a moderate accuracy in identifying urinary tract infection in this setting. Clinical features of urinary tract infection, a greater degree of pyuria, and female sex increases the likelihood of infection.
Enhanced DNA synthesis in echinoderm testes in the presence of exogenous polyamines

Abstract 1. 1. Isolated testes of the seastar Asterias vulgaris near the beginning of the annual spermatogonial proliferative phase were incubated with exogenous polyamines: putrescine, spermidine, and spermine. 2. 2. Testes incubated for 1 or 2 days with exogenous polyamines showed a statistically significant increase in incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA. 3. 3. The relative effect of exogenous polyamines on thymidine incorporation was most pronounced in testes with low basal (control) levels of thymidine incorporation. 4. 4. These results suggest that polyamines are involved in a mechanism for initiating and maintaining spermatogonial mitotic divisions in the testes of Asterias vulgaris .
Soil properties and stable carbon isotope analysis of landscape features in the Petexbatún region of Guatemala

Soil properties and stable carbon isotope ratios contained in the soil organic matter (SOM) were used to investigate the change in vegetative history of land cleared anciently for maize (Zea mays L.) agriculture in the Petexbatun region of Guatemala. Maize and other C4 plants associated with land clearance leave a carbon isotopic signature in the SOM different from the C3 plants of native forest vegetation. Soil profiles were collected from various landscape features around the Classic Maya site of Aguateca: control locations (areas likely not used in ancient agriculture), defensible locations (areas near defensive walls), rejolladas (natural karst depressions), upland locations (well-drained soils atop the Aguateca escarpment), and bajos (seasonal and perennial wetlands). The chemical and physical properties of the profiles were examined and the soils were taxonomically classified to the great group level. The changes in d13C with soil depth were determined and compared statistically. The 13C enrichment of the SOM in bajo and rejollada profiles were similar and were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than the control, defensible, and upland soils. This isotopic signature of sustained C4 vegetation was likely associated with forest clearance and ancient Maya agriculture. Both the bajo and rejollada landscape features appear to have been valuable agricultural resources for ancient Maya. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Student Actresses and Their Artistry: Vicissitudes of Learning a Creative Trade

The vicissitudes of learning a "creative acting trade," are discussed as an example of occupational socialization. Data are drawn from participant observation and interviewing in the drama program of a small, private girls' school. In this organizational setting with the dual institutional imperatives of actress training and profit, male faculty members and student actresses developed strategies which compelled a small group of older girls to commit themselves to their hoped-for careers. The process of differential allocation of prestige created potentially divisive tensions. However, other structural and interactional phenomena facilitated integration, equalization, and fate-linkage of the actresses. The analysis explores these tensions and their management within the organization. Some comments on socialization for artistry in mass society conclude the paper. he artistic enterprise in the United States contains many paradoxes, one of which is the languishing of the modern theater amid societal abundance. American society regards creativity and creative people with a mixture of admiration and distrust, a mirroring of the dominant business ethic (Wilson, 1967). The fine arts, such as the theater, do show some signs of growth and diversity, yet there are only a small number of Broadway productions each year. Because there is a large and talented group of actresses and actors competing for the approximately 3,000 roles available on Broadway each year, *Revised version of a paper presented at the Midwest Sociological Society, Omaha, Nebraska, 1968. The authors thank Robert W. Habenstein ,for many indirect and direct contributions to this paper and the larger study from which it is drawn. Peter Kong-ming New and Nancy Hammond also made helpful comments. We alone are responsible for its content. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.183 on Thu, 29 Sep 2016 04:46:17 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Taking Stock and Putting Stock in Primary Prevention: Characteristics of Effective Programs

We argue it is important regularly to take stock of what makes primary prevention and promotion programs in mental health effective and to use this information to guide future program design, implementation, and evaluation. Based upon a review of diverse program evaluations, including meta-analyses and best practices approaches, we identify 10 distinct (but interdependent) characteristics of effective primary prevention and promotion programs that should frame future work. We also note the importance of community-based collaboration for achieving these 10 features.
Seismic-stratigraphic analysis in the pelagic environment: The central Hess Rise, Northwest Pacific

Abstract A stratigraphic framework for interpretation of the Aptian (?) to Holocene geologic history of the Hess Rise is derived from five unconformities identified with high-resolution seismic reflection data. The reflection geometry combined with frequency and amplitude data permits interpretation of sedimentary and erosional processes and their timing, and to evaluate diagenetic variations not clearly observed in other seismic data or the widely spaced drill holes. Prior to the Campanian (?) pelagic sediments accumulated largely as a drape over basement topography, with only minor downslopes reworking. Thereafter bottom currents became progressively more important in controlling the distribution of sediments on the Hess Rise. This study shows that seismic-stratigraphic methods developed for shelf and slope strata are adaptable to the pelagic environment.
Visibility of fabricating an electro-optic sensor using LiNbO3 crystal implanted Mn ions

The effect of the ion implantation of Fe, Mn on LiNbO3, as well as the dispersion of Ag colloids in LiNbO3 were studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). EPR measurements on these crystals were performed as a function of fluence at room temperature. The fluence was 1 X 1014 and 1 X 1016 ions/cm2 for Fe and 2 X 1016 ions/cm2 for Ag. The unpaired carrier concentration increases with increasing fluence. The photosensitivity of these crystals was determined by observing in situ the effect of the laser illumination on the EPR signal and measuring the decay and growth of the EPR signal. EPR and optical absorption showed significant differences in the dispersion of the colloids with implant temperature and implant order.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Eigen fuzzy number sets

In this paper we extend certain results of Sanchez (Resolution of eigen fuzzy sets equations, Fuzzy Sets and Systems 1 (1978) 69-75) to the context of fuzzy numbers. A slight modification of the Dubois-Prade definition of fuzzy numbers is used.
Compensation-based on-line query processing

It is well known that using conventional concurrency control techniques for obtaining serializable answers to long-running queries leads to an unacceptable drop in system performance. As a result, most current DBMSs execute such queries under a reduced degree of consistency, thus providing non-serializable answers. In this paper, we present a new and highly concurrent approach for processing large decision support queries in relational databases. In this new approach, called compensation-based query processing, concurrent updates to any data participating in a query are communicated to the query's on-line query processor, which then compensates for these updates so that the final answer reflects changes caused by the updates. Very high concurrency is achieved by locking data only briefly, while still delivering transaction-consistent answers to queries.
Features of meat digestion by captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

The pronounced carnivory of many human populations contrasts sharply with feeding habits of other Hominoidea. Of extant great apes, only chimpanzees (Pan spp.) actively seek out vertebrate prey, but meat is only a minor portion of their diet. Some accounts suggest that wild chimpanzees digest prey inefficiently. To investigate the capacity of chimpanzees to digest meat, feeding trials were carried out on three captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using a fixed amount of nonpurified diet with and without a predetermined amount of boned cooked chicken. The results showed no significant differences in the rate of passage of digesta and digestion of diets with and without chicken. Meat ingestion did not change the nitrogen (N) concentration of feces or the total amount of N defecated. Visual inspection of fecal matter showed no evidence of undigested meat. Taken together, the results indicate that chimpanzees are able to digest meat of the type and quantity consumed during these trials.
Cathode electrocatalyst selection and deposition for a direct borohydride/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell

Abstract Catalyst selection, deposition method and substrate material selection are essential aspects for the design of efficient electrodes for fuel cells. Research is described to identify a potential catalyst for hydrogen peroxide reduction, an effective catalyst deposition method, and supporting material for a direct borohydride/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell. Several conclusions are reached. Using Pourbaix diagrams to guide experimental testing, gold is identified as an effective catalyst which minimizes gas evolution of hydrogen peroxide while providing high power density. Activated carbon cloth which features high surface area and high microporosity is found to be well suited for the supporting material for catalyst deposition. Electrodeposition and plasma sputtering deposition methods are compared to conventional techniques for depositing gold on diffusion layers. Both methods provide much higher power densities than the conventional method. The sputtering method however allows a much lower catalyst loading and well-dispersed deposits of nanoscale particles. Using these techniques, a peak power density of 680 mW cm−2 is achieved at 60 °C with a direct borohydride/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell which employs palladium as the anode catalyst and gold as the cathode catalyst.
Teaching Holism in Environmental Ethics

33 Students who enroll in my environmental ethics courses often come with a background in ecology and natural resources. Moreover, they often point to this background when they express their frustration with, or outright rejection of, individualistic or atomistic moral theories that simply strive to include individual living things within the purview of a moral community. They ultimately evoke the concept of holism as the source of their frustration. Addressing this concern requires trying to make sense of both the concept of holism generally and the supposed connection students sense between their training as young scientists and the attempt to ground a worthy environmental ethic. Many theories within the field of environmental ethics either evoke or rest upon the concept of holism. To date, however, the concept of holism has not been unpacked in any detail. To begin such an unpacking teachers need (1) to demonstrate how and when holism appears within the field of environmental ethics, (2) to explain the core idea underpinning holism and compare it to reductionism, and (3) to provide a general classification of how holism is employed in both a metaphysical and ethical sense within environmental ethics.
Inhibition of Cell Migration by 24-kDa Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Is Dependent upon the Estrogen Receptor

The single-copy gene for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) encodes for multiple forms of the protein with molecular masses of 24, 22.5, 22, and 18 kDa. We reported previously that the 24-22-kDa FGF-2 forms inhibit the migration of endothelial and MCF-7 cells by 50% and 70%, respectively. Here we show that this inhibition of migration is mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER). We have found that depletion of the receptor in either cell line abrogates the inhibitory activity of 24-kDa FGF-2 while re-introduction of the ER into deficient cells once again promotes the inhibitory response. To determine whether exposure to 24-kDa FGF-2 resulted in the activation of the estrogen receptor, 3T3 cells were cotransfected with estrogen receptor cDNA and an estrogen regulatory element-luciferase gene reporter construct and treated with 24- and 18-kDa FGF-2. The high molecular weight form stimulated luciferase activity 5-fold while 18-kDa FGF-2 at the same concentration had no effect. Treatment of ER-positive MCF-7 cells transfected with the reporter construct only showed the same results. Inclusion of the pure estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 blocked the increase in luciferase activity by 24-kDa FGF-2, further indicating that the response was estrogen receptor dependent. Expression of dominant negative FGF receptor 1 inhibited ER activation, indicating that this was the cell surface receptor mediating the effect. Although growth factor-dependent activation of the ER was reported to require mitogen-activated protein kinase-induced phosphorylation at Ser(118) in COS and HeLa cells, this mechanism is not involved with the activation by 24-kDa FGF-2. These results suggest that the addition of 55 amino acids to the amino-terminal end of 18-kDa FGF-2 by alternative translation alters FGF-2 function and allows for the activation of a second signaling pathway involving the estrogen receptor.
Isopycnic characterization of lipopolysaccharides from Pasteurella multocida.

Abstract In a novel application of an established procedure, isopycnic density gradient centrifugation procedures were used to analyze material obtained from the Westphal phenol extraction procedure of Pasteurella multocida cells. The initial phenol phase contained most of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the major component had a buoyant density of 1.38 g/ml in CsCl density gradients. Repartitioning the phenol phase with an equal volume of water produced a second aqueous phase which contained most of the LPS. This LPS appeared as a single symmetrical band with a buoyant density of 1.40 g/ml. Buoyant density patterns obtained with schlieren optics in CsCl density gradients were useful in characterizing LPSs from P. multocida .
Water surface detection strategy for an airborne laser bathymeter

An algorithm is described for estimating wave heights and correcting measured local depths to the mean water level for an airborne laser bathymetry system utilizing collinear infrared and green beams. The wave heights are referenced to a mean surface derived from laser slant ranges plus vertical accelerometer data to isolate long period swell from aircraft motion. Performance of the technique under nominal operating conditions is characterized through detailed error analyses. It is seen that filters as long as several hundred seconds can be used to determine mean water level - as might be needed, for example, in the presence of swell crests parallel to the flight line. Use of the accelerometer also permits a sufficiently accurate mean water surface to be maintained for about 6 seconds without update by local surface slant range detections. This allows depths to be calculated for pulses whose surface returns are not detected. The use of slant ranges to calibrate system alignment parameters is demonstrated. Comparisons are made with an alternative approach used in the Australian LADS system.
Computer graphics for half-tone three-dimentional object images

A system is described for displaying studio-quality television images of objects described by a set of closed polyhedra. The objects are defined by a series of opaque planar surfaces which may obscure and intersect each other. The image description lists are passed through a scan-conversion, hidden surface removal and shading process and are converted to a real-time television signal. Display occurs through a normal T.V.system.Resolution is 512 lines by 512 dots with a color definition of 15 bits (over 32,000 colors). Generation of the display list is through an interactive language based on a tablet input and three-dimensional rotation of the boundary polygon. Color definition is through an electronic "palatte," also interactively. The system incorporates shading of the surfaces based upon the angle of the normal to the surface to the observer.The system is resident on an 8K 16-bit minicomputer which accesses a hybrid rotation array.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in species of Diabrotica

Abstract A bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from laboratory cultures of Diabrotica undecimpunctata, may have some value as a naturally occurring biological control agent against the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, and the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera.
The Combination of the Universal End-Current and the Three-Term Current on a Tubular Antenna

With the recently derived universal formula for the current near the end of a tubular antenna, it is possible to improve the current distribution obtained from the three-term solution. The current near the end of the tube is represented by the universal formula, the currents on the other parts of the antenna by the three-term solution. The currents and charge densities obtained from the two formulations are then matched at the junction. When the combined solution is compared with experimental results, it is seen that the currents at the end as well as the driving-point admittance have been improved significantly.
Smick—A scavenging model incorporating chemical kinetics

Abstract A scavenging model has been developed as an advanced tool for assessing the wet deposition of reactive gases and aerosols from point-source plumes. The model describes both the microscopic and macroscopic aspects of the plume-rain interaction, and predicts the concentrations of pollutant in rain at ground-level points below the plume. Microscopic interactions treated by the model include simultaneous mass transfer and chemical reaction, both outside and within the falling raindrops. Reversibility is incorporated within the mass-transfer description, thus allowing a realistic treatment of gas scavenging. Application of the model to the washout of SO2 from power plant plumes, both with and without the assumption of chemical reaction within droplets, is described. These results indicate that sulfate levels found in rainwater below power-plant plumes are not adequately explained by traditional aqueous-phase conversion mechanisms involving oxidation of SO2 by oxygen, at least when such conversion is limited to the below-cloud region. The model has been documented in user's-manual form, and is suggested for use in the general assessment of deposition impacts of pollution sources, such as fossil power plants.
Beryllium-tungsten mixed-material interactions

Abstract A beryllium-seeded deuterium plasma is used to investigate beryllium–tungsten mixed-material properties. Beryllium accumulation on tungsten surfaces exposed to deuterium plasma containing only a small beryllium impurity concentration (0.1%) is observed. The beryllium seeding oven utilizes a tungsten crucible to hold the hot beryllium. This crucible destructively melted after only 100 h of operation and at temperatures that never exceeded 1550 °C. A tungsten–beryllide alloy appears to have formed in the melt zone of the tungsten crucible.
SU‐GG‐T‐148: Quantification of IMRT Patient Dose Deviations Due to Daily MLC‐Leaf Positional Variations

Purpose: To develop a tool utilizing MLC‐log files and Monte Carlo (MC)dose recalculation that will allow cumulative deviations of IMRT patient plans to be assessed over the treatment course by taking into account the possible inaccuracy in the IMRT delivery. Method and Materials: Prostate, head and neck and lungIMRT patients were selected. The delivered MLC positions during the IMRT delivery were recorded in the form of MLC‐log files which were converted to MLC leaf‐sequence files. These files were then transferred back to the TPS and were attached to the original planned IMRT fields to regenerate the delivered dose distribution. Delivered fractional dose to each patient was then re‐produced using MC calculation. The recalculated fractional doses calculated via MC, which utilized the delivered MLC leaf‐sequences, were then combined to produce correct cumulative dose distribution received by the patient during treatment. Both delivered fractional and cumulative dose distributions and corresponding Dose‐Volume statistics were then compared with the ones obtained from the original IMRT plan. Results: For H&N IMRT case, the fractional changes in delivered dose‐volume indices were <1%. The changes in critical structure doses were negligible. For lungIMRT case, the differences in all dose‐volume parameters with MC re‐calculation using the delivered MLC‐sequences and the original planned MCdose calculation were less than 1.1% for PTV and all critical structures, except for the esophagus where differences in D30 were 2.4%. The similar results have been obtained for the prostate case in the study. Conclusion: The utilization of Monte Carlo for the recalculation of actual fractional doses delivered to the patients using the delivered MLC leaf sequence files for each IMRT field provides a powerful tool for offline QA of IMRT patients and can also be utilized for the verification of adaptive radiotherapy. This work supported by NIH grant P01CA11602.
No Need to Count to Ten: Advocating for the Early Implementation of the Functional Behavioural Assessment in Addressing Challenging Behaviours.

The functional behavioural assessment (FBA) is a process used in identifying the reason (i.e., function) for challenging behaviours when working with students with disabilities and the circumstances and/or environment that reinforce the continued use of the problematic behaviour. However, the procedural definition of the FBA in US federal legislation has been open to interpretation, thus leading to different implementations and the utilization of this advantageous process as a last resort. This article will review the benefits of the FBA process, its impact on the delivery of behavioural interventions for students with disabilities and the significance of early implementation.
Fatigue crack growth behavior of a solid solution-strengthened nickel-base superalloy (Incoloy 825)

Fatigue crack growth behavior of a solid solution-strengthened nickel-base superalloy (Incoloy 825)* was investigated. The investigation also examined the influence of heat treatment on resultant microstructures and the near-threshold fatigue crack growth behavior. In addition, the influence of load ratios(R), material strength, and grain size on fatigue threshold was studied. Compact tension specimens prepared from Incoloy 825 with transverse-longitudinal (TL) orientation in the as-received, as well as two different heat treated conditions, were used. The heat treatment studies revealed a peak hardness condition after solution treatment at 1200 °C for 1/2 hr, followed by aging at 600 °C for 434 hr. Among all the heat treated conditions, the fatigue threshold was the highest and the near-threshold crack growth rate was lowest in this peak aged condition. Fatigue threshold values were observed to decrease with an increase in load ratio, whereas an increased grain diameter resulted in a higher fatigue threshold. An earlier mathematical model was found applicable to characterize the relationship between load ratio and fatigue threshold. Preferential etching of grain boundary suggests formation of a thin film of carbide precipitation along the grain boundary region in the aged specimens. This carbide precipitation facilitated intergranular crack growth in these samples, resulting in higher roughness-induced crack closure. The highest fatigue threshold in the peak aged condition can be attributed to this large roughness-induced crack closure process.
Cloning and expression of putative cytotonic enterotoxin-encoding genes from Aeromonas hydrophila

Abstract A genomic library from a diarrheal isolate, SSU, of Aeromonas hydrophila was constructed in a cosmid vector, pHC79, and in bacteriophage λEMBL3. Cell lysates from various Escherichia coli clones containing the recombinant cosmid were examined for their ability to elongate Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which is a typical enterotoxic response. Based on restriction analysis, a 4.0-kb Sal I DNA fragment from one of the clones that exhibited enterotoxic activity was subcloned into a bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/promoter hyperexpression system. The cell lysate from this E. coli [pSL24] clone caused CHO cells to elongate and revealed the presence of a major 35-kDa polypeptide by [ 35 S]methionine labeling and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The toxin was biologically heat labile, losing all activity within 20 min at 56°C. In addition, another enterotoxin-producing clone, E. coli [pSBS32], was isolated from cosmid and λ bacteriophage libraries. We localized this heat-stable (56°C/20 min) enterotoxin to a 4.8-kb Sal I- Bam HI fragment. Both enterotoxins caused elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in CHO cells. The DNA fragments encoding these enterotoxins did not hybridize with each other. However, a 4.8-kb Sal I- Bam HI DNA fragment encoding a heat-stable enterotoxin hybridized to a 3.5-kb BamHI DNA fragment of a plasmid, pHPC100, that contained a cytotonic enterotoxin-encoding gene isolated from A. trota . Our data suggest Aeromonas species produce different structural types of cytotonic enterotoxins that are functionally similar.
Surface Scale Formation on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Proximal Balance of Plant Components

Chromium containing alloys used as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnects can generate volatile chrome species that deposit as Cr 2 O 3 (s) at the SOFC cathode/ electrolyte interface under modest current densities (∼0.5 A/cm 2 ). Deposition of chromic oxide at this interface increases overpotential losses, thereby degrading fuel cell performance and efficiency. Balance of plant components have not received attention as a chromium source but can produce volatile Cr species through direct thermal contact with the hot cell stack. In this work, materials representative of BoP component alloys were exposed to dry air at temperatures between 600°C and 800°C for 72 h. The material classes tested include austenitic steel, ferritic steel, alumina formers, silica formers, and a specialty ferritic with elevated alumina and silica content. The surface scales formed on each alloy were identified using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Thin surface scales were formed that included Cr-, Fe-, Al-, and Si-oxides as well as Mn-Cr spinel. The surface composition estimated from the analytical data is used to thermodynamically calculate the abundance of volatile chromium species over the alloys. Using the calculated vapor composition and assumed rate efficiencies, it is possible to calculate the mass of Cr 2 O 3 that will deposit on the SOFC surface. Up to 4.3 cm 2 of SOFC active area can be deactivated in 2000 h of operation assuming a 1% efficiency of volatilization of chrome species and a 1% efficiency of deposition of Cr 2 O 3 . This is estimated to be approximately 5% of the starting active area of an ∼20 W SOFC. Degradation of SOFC performance is expected to scale almost linearly with stack size.
Amniotic fluid infection syndrome and neonatal mortality caused by Eikenella corrodens

Different microorganisms not commonly found in the female genital tract have been implicated as causative agents for amniotic fluid infections. Eikenella corrodens is part of the normal flora in the human oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. It is most commonly found in the clinical setting of polymicrobial infections involving human bite wounds, head and neck infections, and periodontitis. On rare occasions, E. corrodens has been reported as a cause of gynecologic infections. There are only 3 reports of documented E. corrodens chorioamnionitis of the placenta resulting in preterm labor, one of which is associated with early neonatal demise. We report a case of preterm delivery of twin infants at 23 weeks of gestation with documented E. corrodens infection in 1 twin who was not resuscitated.
Clinical problem-solving: aneurysm or spinal arteriovenous fistula-bait and switch.

Objective The authors use an instructive case to review the challenges of diagnosis in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to reinforce the nuances of clinical management. Importance The presented case highlights critical issues in patient selection and challenges in the diagnosis of SAH and the management of both aneurysmal and arteriovenous fistula-related SAH. The critical points in decision making and diagnosis are discussed, and the case is accompanied by a brief review of the literature on the issues being faced. Clinical presentation The present case is a patient presenting with SAH who was found to have an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. However, clues in the presentation and workup point to another etiology. Conclusion A strong history of sudden neck pain before headache and abundance of SAH along the brainstem mandates a need to thoroughly evaluate the source of hemorrhage from cervical vessels through an angiogram.
Uranyl sensitization of samarium (III) luminescence in a two-dimensional coordination polymer

Heterometallic carboxyphosphonates UO22+/Ln3+ have been prepared from the hydrothermal reaction of uranyl nitrate, lanthanide nitrate (Ln = Sm, Tb, Er, Yb), and phosphonoacetic acid (H3PPA). Compou...