cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting Action Content On-Line and in Real Time before Action Onset – an Intracranial Human Study

The ability to predict action content from neural signals in real time before the action occurs has been long sought in the neuroscientific study of decision-making, agency and volition. On-line real-time (ORT) prediction is important for understanding the relation between neural correlates of decision-making and conscious, voluntary action as well as for brain-machine interfaces. Here, epilepsy patients, implanted with intracranial depth microelectrodes or subdural grid electrodes for clinical purposes, participated in a "matching-pennies" game against an opponent. In each trial, subjects were given a 5 s countdown, after which they had to raise their left or right hand immediately as the "go" signal appeared on a computer screen. They won a fixed amount of money if they raised a different hand than their opponent and lost that amount otherwise. The question we here studied was the extent to which neural precursors of the subjects' decisions can be detected in intracranial local field potentials (LFP) prior to the onset of the action. We found that combined low-frequency (0.1-5 Hz) LFP signals from 10 electrodes were predictive of the intended left-/right-hand movements before the onset of the go signal. Our ORT system predicted which hand the patient would raise 0.5 s before the go signal with 68±3% accuracy in two patients. Based on these results, we constructed an ORT system that tracked up to 30 electrodes simultaneously, and tested it on retrospective data from 7 patients. On average, we could predict the correct hand choice in 83% of the trials, which rose to 92% if we let the system drop 3/10 of the trials on which it was less confident. Our system demonstrates— for the first time—the feasibility of accurately predicting a binary action on single trials in real time for patients with intracranial recordings, well before the action occurs.
Triggered Seismicity in Utah from the 3 November 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake

Immediately after the arrival of the surface waves from the M w 7.9 Denali fault earthquake on 3 November 2002, the University of Utah regional seismic network recorded an abrupt increase in local microseismicity throughout most of Utah’s main seismic belt. We examined this increase in the context of the regional background seismicity using a catalog of 2651 earthquakes from 1 January 2000 to 30 June 2003. Statistical analyses of this catalog above spatially varying magnitudes of completeness ranging from 1.2 to 1.7 allow us to reject with >95% confidence the null hypothesis that the observed increases were due to random occurrence. The elevated seismicity was most intense during the first 24 hr (>10 times the average prior rate) but continued above background level for 25 days (at the 95% confidence level) in most areas. We conclude that the increased seismicity was triggered by the Denali fault earthquake, which occurred more than 3000 km from the study region. High peak dynamic stresses of 0.12 to 0.35 MPa that occurred during the passage of the Love waves are consistent with the interpretation of triggering. The peak dynamic stresses were estimated by measuring peak vector velocities at 43 recording sites, 37 of which were relatively new strong-motion stations of the Advanced National Seismic System. The triggered events ranged in magnitude ( M c and/or M L) from less than 0 to 3.2 and were widely distributed across the state, primarily in seismically active regions. In contrast to many previously published observations of remotely triggered seismicity, the majority of the triggered earthquakes did not occur near Quaternary volcanic vents or in areas of magma-related geothermal activity. In several areas the triggered seismicity was spatially clustered (more than five earthquakes each separated by <5 km). Double-difference relative relocations for the earthquakes in three of these clusters indicate that most, but not all, of the triggered events were spatially separated from source zones of prior seismicity during 2000–2002. Focal mechanisms for the two largest triggered events have northeast- to northwest-trending tension axes, which are unusual for the region where they occurred. The temporal decay of the triggered activity was similar to that of Utah aftershock sequences and can be described by the modified Omori’s law with a p -value of 0.6 to 0.7. The frequency-magnitude distribution of the triggered earthquakes is also similar to that of Utah aftershocks and, for the study area as a whole, can be described by the Gutenberg-Richter relation with a b -value of 0.81 ± 0.16. These similarities between the triggered seismicity and Utah aftershock sequences suggest the possibility that the initiation and development of both could result from the same causative mechanisms. Online Material : Catalog of earthquakes used in this study.
Evolution of the EF-Tu Family

Two recent developments have allowed for the identification of a “family” of EF-Tu-like proteins. The first is the biochemical characterization of several proteins which bind aminoacyl-tRNAs in a GTP-dependent manner. The second has been the identification of sequence identity elements that are similar to EF-Tu and many of which would allow for a similar three dimensional structure. A key element in this second part has been the emergence of a 2.6 A resolution crystal structure for Escherichia coli EF-Tu (Kjeldgaard and Nyborg, 1992). This report discusses the evolution of prokaryotic EF-Tu into its eukaryotic counterpart EF-la as well as the evolution of EF-Tu into proteins with distinct, but related functional properties. While not all of the family members have been characterized biochemically, based upon their similarity to EF-Tu and the presence of the three GTP consensus elements, it is likely that all the family members function by binding aminoacyl-tRNA in a GTP-dependent manner.
Self-Report Bias and Accuracy in a Simulated Work Setting Effects of Combined Feedback on Task and Self-Reported Performance

Abstract Signal detection theory was applied to an experiment that examined the effects of feedback on self-report bias and accuracy in a simulated work setting. Manipulating combined feedback on task performance and self-reports resulted in increased task performance and self-report accuracy, but did not systematically affect self-report bias. This research shows promise for determining the variables of which self-report behavior is a function in organizational settings where more objective sources of data are impractical, unethical, or not readily available. Implications for the provenance of self-report considerations for behavioral applications in organizational settings are also addressed.
Optical detection of rapidly moving objects in space.

We compare the sensitivity of photon-counting and charged-coupled-device (CCD) imagers for rapidly moving objects. Our test case involves the detection of small objects in space, seen against a diffuse zodiacal light background, as observed from a space platform. We contrast photon-counting detectors, with excellent time resolution and negligible readout noise, against CCDs with a significantly larger quantum efficiency. For fast moving objects and small fields of view, the photon-counting detectors are able to detect significantly smaller targets, with the added benefit of providing angle–angle–time metric information in addition to high-time-resolution light curves. For larger fields of view and slower moving objects, the CCDs are more sensitive. These results may motivate the further development of microchannel-plate photon-counting systems and amplified CCDs for detecting and tracking space objects.
BCMD-An improved photosite structure for high-density image sensors

The author describes a new improved photosite structure and its use in a new image sensor that has been developed for applications requiring high-density pixel integration. The new photosite employs a buried-channel MOS transistor with a specially designed storage well located under the transistor channel in the silicon bulk. The photogenerated carriers accumulate in this well and modulate the transistor threshold. The resulting bulk charge modulated device (BCMD) has a high-sensitivity low-noise high-blooming overload capability, no detectable smear, and no image lag. The BMCD photocell has been integrated into an image-sensing array that has an 8-mm diagonal, 499 lines, and 687 pixels in each line. The individual cells are shaped into closely packed hexagons and are offset by a half pixel width between the neighbouring lines. The half pixel offset together with the dual-time readout capability gives the new sensor its superior resolution in color-sensing applications. The high light sensitivity throughout the entire visible spectrum is achieved by using a very thin polysilicon gate. The peripheral circuits needed for the array addressing and sensing functions are integrated on-chip using CMOS technology and require only the TTL driving pulses. The author further describes the basic steps of the sensor fabrication process and the results of testing and evaluation of completed units. >
Stocking rate and grazing frequency effects on Nebraska Sandhills meadows

Abstract Nearly one-half million ha of the Nebraska Sandhills is comprised of highly productive wet meadows. A study was conducted from 1998 to 2001 to evaluate the effects of stocking rate and grazing frequency on herbage dynamics, disappearance, and composition of a wet meadow dominated by cool-season vegetation. Defoliation characteristics were measured on 2 key species. Stocking rates were 148, 296, and 444 AUD ha−1 combined with a grazing frequency of 3 (F3) or 5 (F5) times. Cumulative standing crop disappearance and height reduction increased linearly with increasing stocking rate. Disappearance was 1,920, 2,700, and 3,090 kg ha−1 for the 148, 296, and 444 AUD ha−1 stocking rates, respectively. Greater disappearance at the highest stocking rate was expected based on calculated intake estimates for that stocking rate. Percentage of tillers grazed and percentage height reduction increased with stocking rate for both key species. Percentage of tillers grazed was greater under F3 compared to F5. This li...
Transverse Vibration of an Undamped Elastically Connected Double-Beam System with Arbitrary Boundary Conditions

AbstractThis paper presents a semianalytical method to analyze the natural frequencies and mode shapes of an undamped double-beam system, which is composed of two beams joined by a uniformly distributed connecting elastic layer, with arbitrary beam mass, beam flexural rigidity, and arbitrary boundary conditions. The classical modal expansion method is further applied to determine the forced vibration responses in the double-beam system based on the natural frequencies and mode shapes obtained from the free vibration analysis. A specific orthogonality condition for the double-beam system is derived, and then applied to decouple and simplify the motion differential equations. Numerical examples are presented and discussed in detail to verify and illustrate the efficiency of the proposed semianalytical method that can further help characterize the dynamic responses and design work for double-beam structures.
Foreign Firms in Japan’s Securitites Industry in the 1980s and Post-Bubble Economy

Foreign Investment Strategies in Japan’s Securities Industry in the 1980s: Criteria for Success.
Authoritarian backsliding and the concentration of political power

ABSTRACTThis article introduces the concept of authoritarian backsliding as a class of strategies for the concentration of incumbent political power in hybrid regimes. Such actions include manipulating elections, violating civil liberties, creating an extremely uneven playing field for the opposition, and reducing the institutional constraints on executive power. While often falling short of a full regime change, backsliding can significantly alter the level of political competition in a country and reduce the quality of its political life. This article develops a theoretically-grounded strategy to identify and measure backsliding events since 1989, showing that they have been much more common than is typically appreciated. The article also shows the utility of the concept of backsliding for better understanding regime stability. Using cross-national analysis of backsliding events from 1989–2004, we find that threats such as opposition electoral gains or economic crises in resource-dependent regimes creat...
Offsetting inventory replenishment cycles

Abstract The inventory-staggering problem is a multi-item inventory problem in which replenishment cycles are scheduled or offset in order to minimize the maximum inventory level over a given planning horizon. We incorporate symmetry-breaking constraints in a mixed-integer programming model to determine optimal and near-optimal solutions. Local-search heuristics and evolutionary polishing heuristics are also presented to achieve effective and efficient solutions. We examine extensions of the problem that include a continuous-time framework as well as the effect of stochastic demand.
Two cases of TO lung cancer with hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastasis

肺門縦隔リンパ節にのみ腺癌病巣を認め, 病理組織学的検討にてTO肺癌と診断された2手術例を経験した.症例1: 73歳, 男性.胸部X線, CT検査で最大径4cm大の右肺門縦隔リンパ節腫大が指摘され, CTガイド下生検にて腺癌と診断された.症例2: 53歳, 男性.胸部X線, CT検査で最大径5cm大の右縦隔リンパ節腫大を指摘され, 胸腔鏡下縦隔生検にて腺癌と診断された.肺および他臓器の検索では, 2例ともに異常所見は認められず, 原発不明の肺門縦隔リンパ節腺癌の診断のもとに手術を行った.手術は胸骨正中切開にてアプローチし, 腫瘍を含めた両側縦隔リンパ節郭清術と右上葉切除術を行った.腫瘍細胞は2例ともに免疫組織化学的に抗surfactant apoprotein抗体に免疫活性陽性所見を示したことから, 原発性肺癌のリンパ節転移と判明し, 原発巣が確認できなかったことからTO肺癌と最終診断した.症例1は術後64ヵ月, 症例2は術後36ヵ月現在, 肺原発巣や再発転移巣の出現なく, 経過良好である.
Platelets and thrombolytic therapy.

FIBRINOLYTIC therapy is a major advance in the treatment of occlusive vascular disease. Problems remain, however, including resistance to fibrinolytic therapy, delays in reperfusion, reocclusion after successful thrombolysis, and serious hemorrhage.1 2 3 Increasing evidence indicates that platelets have an important role in both delaying reperfusion and mediating reocclusion. In addition, preliminary data suggest that some thrombi resist lysis because they are rich in platelets and that platelet dysfunction contributes to the hemorrhagic diathesis associated with thrombolytic therapy. It is worthwhile, therefore, to review the complex interrelations between platelets and fibrinolysis, with emphasis on the therapeutic potential (and risks) of combining thrombolytic . . .
Dynamic optimal fragmentation with rate adaptation in wireless mobile networks

Dynamic optimal fragmentation with rate adaptation (DORA) is an algorithm to achieve maximum goodput in wireless mobile networks. With the analytical model that incorporates number of users, contentions, packet lengths, and bit error rates in the network, DORA computes a fragmentation threshold and transmits optimal sized packets with maximum rates. To estimate the SNR in the model, an adaptive on-demand UDP estimator is designed to reduce overheads. Test-beds to execute experiments for channel estimation, WLANs, Ad Hoc networks, and Vehicle-to-Vehicle networks are developed to evaluate the performance of DORA. DORA is an energy-efficient generic CSMA/CA MAC protocol for wireless mobile computing applications, and enhances system goodput in WLANs, Ad Hoc networks, and Vehicle-to-Vehicle networks without modification of the protocols.
Occupational hazards test results and its effect on workers in a casting and forging enterprise

[Objective]To understand the effect of occupational hazards on the health of workers in a casting and forging enterprise.[Methods]Based on the relevant standards,laws and regulations,the occupational hazards in the workplaces were tested and the occupational health of workers was examined.[Results]The time weighted average concentrations of silicious dust(respirable dust) in the casting workshop for modelling and cleaning exceeded the national health standards,and the noise intensities in forging workshop for polishing and stamp forging were also over standards.The abnormal detection rate of noise exposed workers was 63.33%,and that of heat exposed workers was 7.69%,mainly as hyperglycemia or hypertension phase Ⅱ and above.[Conclusion]The noise hazards are extremely serious in this enterprise,and have affected the workers'hearing.It is necessary to strengthen noise reduction and individual protection.
Incomplete versus complete myocardial infarction.

Incomplete myocardial infarction (MI), when compared with a complete MI, is characterized by a small infarct size and a large mass of viable but jeopardized myocardium within the perfusion zone of the infarct-related vessel that is manifested clinically by early recurrent infarction. The pathophysiology involves early spontaneous or thrombolytic reperfusion. Clinical (i.e., residual ischemia), electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings and magnitude of serum cardiac enzyme elevations should be taken into account in diagnosing an incomplete MI.
Reaction kinetics of carbon dioxide and hydroxide in aqueous glycerol

Abstract The reaction kinetics of carbon dioxide and sodium hydroxide (nominally 0.1 N and 0.3 N) in aqueous glycerol were measured in a wetted wall column (WWC) at 20, 30, and 40 °C. Glycerol was added at 0–89 wt% to achieve a liquid viscosity ( μ L ) of 0.89–65 cP. Compared to pure aqueous alkaline solution, the absorption rate ( k g ′) initially increased by 30% and then decreased rapidly by 75% with increasing glycerol. Based on the measured k g ′, a model was developed to calculate the overall reaction rate constant ( k Alk ), which resulted from the competing effects of CO 2 /NaOH ( k OH - ) and CO 2 /glyceroxide ( k Glycerol - ) reactions. The k Glycerol - was 6–7 times faster than k OH - . The non-monotonic trend of k g ′ was the combined effect of k Alk increasing and diffusivity ( D CO2 ) decreasing when glycerol increased. The effect of alkalinity depletion at the gas/liquid interface has been included in the kinetic model. The average depletion for 0.1 N NaOH is 4% for water and 20% for 89 wt% glycerol. Average depletion was less than 3% for 0.3 N NaOH. The addition of 0.05 N sodium carbonate has an insignificant effect on k g ′.
Association of Genetic Variation and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in 4-Repeat Tauopathies (P5.169)

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the hypothesis that rs2493013 (EXOC2) is associated with frontally-mediated behavioral symptoms in 4-repeat (4R) tauopathies. BACKGROUND: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD) are characterized pathologically by abnormal 4R tau inclusions (4Rtau). Clinically, 4Rtau is associated with movement disorders but can also present with behavioral symptoms. The sources of this clinical heterogeneity remain unknown. Genome-wide association studies identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that confers an increased risk of PSP, rs2493013 (EXOC2), a gene highly expressed in frontal lobe grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM). DESIGN/METHODS: We evaluated 59 patients: 47 probable 4R tauopathies with a clinical diagnosis of PSP or CBD and 12 autopsy-confirmed cases. rs2493013 genotyping was performed using the PANDoRA MASSArray panel and coded using a dominant model. Four behavioral symptoms (apathy, disinhibition, appetite, and aberrant motor) characteristic of FTD were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI, NPI-Q). Imaging analysis was performed on a subset of 39 patients with volumetric MRI and diffusion tensor imaging. RESULTS: Relative to non-risk allele carriers, rs2493013 risk allele carriers have more frequent disinhibition (p=0.007, LR=7.212), aberrant motor behaviors (p=0.034, LR=4.405), and appetite changes (p=0.038, LR=4.325). Moreover, risk allele carriers, relative to non-carriers have reduced GM in rostral prefrontal, orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate, and inferior temporal cortex (p<0.05). Risk allele carriers also have reduced WM fractional anisotropy in uncinate fasciculus, corpus callosum, and superior longitudinal fasciculus relative to rs2493013 non-risk carriers (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: rs2493013 risk allele carriers exhibited an increased frequency in 3 out of 4 NPI behavioral abnormalities. Imaging analyses implicated GM and WM regions that are typically affected in 4Rtau and also commonly associated with social behavior. While the mechanism of rs2493013 remains unknown, these findings suggest genetic variation in such diseases may contribute to clinical heterogeneity. Study Support: The Wyncote, Arking Family, & Dana Foundations, NIH(AG017586,AG032953,AG038490,AG043503,NS044266,NS053488) Disclosure: Dr. Ternes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rascovsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wood has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grossman has received personal compensation for activities with GE Whitney Symposium as an invited speaker. Dr. Grossman has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neurology. Dr. Van Deerlin has nothing to disclose. Dr. McMillan has nothing to disclose.
Development of a Superconducting Heat Switch for an Ideal Integrating Bolometer

Improving the sensitivity of current state-of-the-art bolometers is essential for future cosmology endeavors. Having a bolometer that is thermally isolated from its thermal sink is ideal in order to reduce phonon noise: the factor limiting bolometer sensitivity. To thermally isolate a bolometer as much as possible a pixel-scale superconducting heat switch is being developed to control the conductance between a bolometer and its thermal sink. The heat switch is comprised of a superconducting thin aluminum film surrounded by a niobium coil. Current is passed through the coil and the resulting magnetic field drives the aluminum into its high conductance normal state. Experimental data agrees well with the results of a thermal model of the device.
Shared Mechanisms of RNA Biology

Abstract Our recent observation that most primary RNA polymerase II (polII) nascent transcripts (pre-mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, lncRNAs) in animal cells fail to produce full gene-length transcripts when U1 snRNP (U1) is inhibited, revealed a new dimension in gene expression regulation. This essential U1 protective activity, which allows transcription to go farther (telescripting), suppresses premature cleavage and polyadenylation from cryptic signals (PASs) in introns. It is separate from U1’s splicing function; both depend on U1’s base pairing through its 5’ sequence, but 5’ modified U1 variants that cannot function in splicing are still effective in telescripting. Our studies have further shown that partial U1 inhibition with an antisense oligonucleotide to its 5’-end dose-dependently shortens mRNAs. Widespread mRNA shortening of 3’ untranslated regions (3’UTRs) occurs in cancer, proliferating cells, and activated immune cells and neurons. 3’UTRs have many mRNA regulatory elements, including miRNA targets that generally repress translation, and their removal contributes to oncogenicity. We have investigated the potential role of U1 telescripting in these phenomena. We found that moderate U1 decrease shortened 3’UTRs of hundreds of genes in HeLa cancer cells while its over-expression lengthened 3’UTRs of >2,000 genes that are already shortened in these cells. Concomitantly, U1 increase dose-dependently attenuated protein synthesis, cell migration and invasiveness, while its decrease drastically enhanced these cancer cell characteristics. U1-dependent 3’UTR length changes recapitulated cancer-causing miRNA target deregulation in numerous oncogenes. The strong correlation between U1’s bi-directional effects on nascent transcripts’ length and cell phenotype suggests that mRNA shortening in cancer can be explained by a deficit in U1 telescripting. Our findings establish telescripting’s major role in gene regulation. Notably, the ability of U1 modulation alone to profoundly modify cancer aggressiveness suggests telescripting as a potential target for moderating tumorigenesis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
MARKED RESPIRATORY RELATED VARIATION IN LVOT GRADIENTS IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IN OBESE HCM PATIENTS WITH SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING

Background: Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is sensitive to changes in left ventricular (LV) preload, afterload, and contractility; small studies suggest that LVOTO may vary with respiration. Methods: During routine transthoracic
Fully Printed Memristors from Cu–SiO2 Core–Shell Nanowire Composites

This article describes a fully printed memory in which a composite of Cu–SiO2 nanowires dispersed in ethylcellulose acts as a resistive switch between printed Cu and Au electrodes. A 16-cell crossbar array of these memristors was printed with an aerosol jet. The memristors exhibited moderate operating voltages (∼3 V), no degradation over 104 switching cycles, write speeds of 3 μs, and extrapolated retention times of 10 years. The low operating voltage enabled the programming of a fully printed 4-bit memristor array with an Arduino. The excellent performance of these fully printed memristors could help enable the creation of fully printed RFID tags and sensors with integrated data storage.
Emergency Vehicle Positioning, Inc

Emergency Vehicle Positioning, Inc. (EVPI), has developed a satellite-based tracking system that continuously updates and displays the location of every vehicle in its network. A recently signed contract presents new technical challenges that may make the normally installed system inadequate. While it is possible to augment the system so that it will definitely work, doing so would entail considerable cost. This case is a modified version of "Integrated Siting Systems, Inc." (UVA-QA-0441). The only difference is that the QA-0441 provides all possible conditional probabilities, offering a slightly different introduction to Bayes's Theorem. In this case, only the recent conditional probabilities are provided. Indeed, except for the name, date, final paragraph (which mentions the other probabilities), and the exhibit on conditional probabilities, the cases are identical. Therefore, the teaching note for the Integrated Siting Systems case (UVA-QA-0441TN) is also appropriate for this case. Excerpt UVA-QA-0512 Rev. May 23, 2018 Emergency Vehicle Positioning, Inc. After the plentiful years of the Reagan military buildup, the defense industry realized that it would have to diversify into nonmilitary applications if it were to survive the contractions of the mid-1990s without losing the capabilities of its highly trained and specialized work force. One result was the spin-off of a variety of small firms, each attempting to commercialize some collection of specialized skills and technologies that had been developed for military use. Emergency Vehicle Positioning, Inc. (EVPI), was one such firm. By February 1996, not only had EVPI successfully navigated the system-development phase of its first commercial product—an integrated, real-time, mobile-vehicle-tracking system—but it had already successfully installed its first several systems. The EVPI tracking system continuously updated and displayed the location of every vehicle in its network on centralized maps at any number of dispatch centers. It was designed for use by emergency-services providers, such as ambulances, police, and fire departments. By tracking and routing mobile units to emergency sites, response times could be reduced significantly from those of traditional systems that dispatched centrally housed vehicles. When the system was used with vehicles already in motion, performance time could be further improved by automatically tracking both the location and availability of each vehicle (whether available for a call or currently active). The EVPI system had already demonstrated response-time reductions in excess of 10%. Because improved 911 response time often meant saved lives, and because many emergency-services providers were paid on the basis of realized response time, interest in the system was high. . . .
Space nuclear power system accidents: Doses from Pu-238 and Am-241 inhalation

Abstract To address the shortage of availability of Pu-238 for space missions, while new initiatives for Pu-238 production are being undertaken, there is a need for exploration of the use of Am-241 as a possible replacement for Pu-238 since the stockpile of Am-241 from the nuclear weapons program has remained relatively intact. Previously, there have been studies of the risks and consequences of Pu-238 release in postulated accidents including, for example, the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) for the Galileo Mission. Since this report used an ICRP-30 based model, and a later ICRP-66 model has become available, it is of interest to re-evaluate the previous results for Pu-238 and obtain new results for Am-241. We are reporting here the following results of calculations for inhalation doses using our own computational programs (as based on different models). The results include committed equivalent doses for Pu-238 particles using the Galileo FSAR model, the original ICRP-30 model, and the ICRP-66 model. We also calculated committed equivalent dose for Am-241 using the ICRP-66 model. The ICRP-30 and ICRP-66 results were obtained using assumptions of committed time and resuspension taken from the FSAR. We have found that the ICRP-66 predicts lower doses for Pu-238 than those predicted by the Galileo FSAR or ICRP-30. Also we have found that the Am-241 lung doses are lower than those of Pu-238 because of greater clearance of Am-241 from the lungs as compared with Pu-238.
The androgen receptor malignancy shift in prostate cancer.

Background Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) are necessary for the development, function, and homeostatic growth regulation of the prostate gland. However, once prostate cells are transformed, the AR is necessary for the proliferation and survival of the malignant cells. This change in AR function appears to occur in nearly every prostate cancer. We have termed this the AR malignancy shift. Methods In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the AR malignancy shift, including the DNA-binding patterns that define the shift, the transcriptome changes associated with the shift, the putative drivers of the shift, and its clinical implications. Results In benign prostate epithelial cells, the AR primarily binds consensus AR binding sites. In carcinoma cells, the AR cistrome is dramatically altered, as the AR associates with FOXA1 and HOXB13 motifs, among others. This shift leads to the transcription of genes associated with a malignant phenotype. In model systems, some mutations commonly found in localized prostate cancer can alter the AR cistrome, consistent with the AR malignancy shift. Current evidence suggests that the AR malignancy shift is necessary but not sufficient for transformation of prostate epithelial cells. Conclusions Reinterpretation of prostate cancer genomic classification systems in light of the AR malignancy shift may improve our ability to predict clinical outcomes and treat patients appropriately. Identifying and targeting the molecular factors that contribute to the AR malignancy shift is not trivial but by doing so, we may be able to develop new strategies for the treatment or prevention of prostate cancer.
Bayesian time series matching and privacy

A user's privacy can be compromised by matching the statistical characteristics of an anonymized trace of interest to prior behavior of the user. Here, we address this matching problem from first principles in the Bayesian case, where user parameters are drawn from a known distribution, to understand the relationship between the length of the observed traces, the characteristics of the distribution defining the differences between user behavior, and user privacy. First, we establish optimal tests (of two hypotheses and extended to multiple hypotheses as well) for the cases with: 1) continuous alphabets, in particular i.i.d. Gaussian observations with a different (unknown) mean for each user, where the means are drawn from a general a priori distribution; 2) binary alphabets where i.i.d. observations are drawn from a Bernoulli distribution, with each user having an (unknown) probability of being in the "0" state drawn from some certain a priori distribution. Next, for the case with Gaussian observations, we provide general (non-asymptotic) bounds to the performance of the tests and also employ these to show the scaling behavior of privacy. Finally, we present simulation results to demonstrate the accuracy of our analytical bounds.
Normative Values for Self-Reported Benchmark Workout Scores in CrossFit® Practitioners.

CrossFit® practitioners commonly track progress by monitoring their ability to complete a variety of standardized benchmark workouts within a typical class setting. However, objective assessment of progress is challenging because normative data does not currently exist for any of these benchmark workouts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop normative values for five common benchmark workouts (i.e., Fran, Grace, Helen, Filthy-50 [F50], and Fight-Gone-Bad [FGB]). Performance data from 133,857 male (M) and female (F) profiles located on a publicly available website were collected and sorted by sex (i.e., male [M] and female [F]) and competitive age classification (i.e., teen [T], individual [I], or masters [M]) and screened for errors. Subsequently, 10,000 valid profiles were randomly selected for analysis. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each category for Fran (IM 250 ± 106 s; IF 331 ± 181 s; MM 311 ± 138 s; MF 368 ± 138 s; TM 316 ± 136 s; and TF 334 ± 120 s), Grace (IM 180 ± 90 s; IF 213 ± 96 s; MM 213 ± 93 s; MF 238 ± 100 s; TM 228 ± 63 s; and TF 223 ± 69 s), Helen (IM 9.5 ± 1.9 min; IF 11.1 ± 2.4 min; MM 10.2 ± 2.0 min; MF 11.5 ± 2.3 min; TM 9.4 ± 1.6 min; and TF 12.7 ± 1.9 min), F50 (IM 24.4 ± 5.9 min; IF 27.3 ± 6.9 min; MM 26.7 ± 6.1 min; MF 28.2 ± 6.0 min; TM 25.9 ± 7.9 min; and TF 28.3 ± 8.1 min), and FGB (IM 335 ± 65 repetitions; IF 292 ± 62 repetitions; MM 311 ± 59 repetitions; MF 280 ± 54 repetitions; TM 279 ± 44 repetitions; and TF 238 ± 35 repetitions). These values were then used to calculate normative percentile (in deciles) values for each category within each workout. Separate, one-way analyses of variance revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences between categories for each workout. These normative values can be used to assess proficiency and sport-specific progress, establish realistic training goals, and for standard inclusion/exclusion criteria for future research in CrossFit® practitioners.
A Practical Small Signal Model for the Interleaved Parallel-Series Active Clamp Forward Converter With Peak Current Control

In this paper, a practical small-signal model based on the two phased interleaved parallel-series active clamp forward (ACF) with peak current control is proposed. Different from the conventional voltage control, the peak current control in this converter has exhibited two different transfer functions divided by the boundary duty cycle of 0.5. In order to verify the validation of the model, the comparison among the calculation results, simulation results and the measurement results based on the LM5034 application are conducted. It is shown that the proposed open loop transfer function on this converter is very useful due to the good agreement with both the simulation result and measurement result. So, the mode proposed in this paper can be applied for the practical design to achieve better loop prediction.
Transitions and Opportunities

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Extramarital Sex and Marital Dissolution: Does Identity of the Extramarital Partner Matter?

Panel data from married adults (N = 1,853) in the General Social Survey, a probability sample of the adult household population of the United States, were used to evaluate (a) the longitudinal association between extramarital sex and marital dissolution 2 years later, (b) whether probability of marital dissolution differed as a function of the type of relationship people reported having with their extramarital sex partner, and (c) the degree to which these associations were incremental to participants' level of marital satisfaction at baseline. Compared to people who reported not engaging in extramarital sex, those who reported engaging in extramarital sex at baseline were significantly more likely to be separated or divorced 2 years later. Furthermore, the association between having extramarital sex with a close personal friend and marital dissolution was particularly strong. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for marital satisfaction. Results suggest that the identity of the extramarital sex partner and the type of relationship a person has with him or her has important implications for probability of marital dissolution above and beyond the contribution of marital satisfaction.
International and Foreign-Born Students in Higher Education in the Washington, DC Metropolitan Area

This research reveals Washington Metropolitan Area's competitiveness by studying two groups of students: international students and foreign-born students. An international student is an individual who is in higher education in the U.S. on a non-immigrant visa, and a foreign-born student is an individual who is enrolled in higher education and was born outside of the U.S. territories to non-U.S. parents.
Perioperative vestibular assessment and testing

Vestibular disorders can be difficult to accurately diagnose and manage. A careful history and focused physical examination are typically adequate to establish a diagnosis and initiate medical treatment. Vestibular testing is an important component of the work-up, but it is particularly essential for patients being considered for surgical intervention for a vestibular disorder, where the testing can be used to more definitively confirm a suspected diagnosis and to determine baseline vestibular organ function. In this article, we will first briefly review key components of the history and physical examination of patients with vestibular complaints. We will then discuss the most commonly used vestibular tests and their role in the preoperative assessment of patients undergoing vestibular surgery, including nystagmography, caloric testing, rotary chair testing, video head impulse testing, and vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing.
Teaching Jokgu for All in Physical Education

Jokgu is a Korean net sport and features both volleyball and soccer skills in a challenge skill and game format. Jokgu provides students with the opportunity to develop health and skill related phy...
Design and validation of a low-cost, high-fidelity model for robotic pyeloplasty simulation training.

Summary Introduction/Background Owing to restrictions in operative experiences, urology residents can no longer solely rely on ‘hands-on’ operative time to master their surgical skills by the end of residency. Simulation training could help residents master basic surgical skills and steps of a procedure to maximize time in the operative room. However, simulators can be expensive or tedious to set up, limiting the availability to residents and training programs. Objective The authors sought to develop and validate an inexpensive, high-fidelity training model for robotic pyeloplasty. Study design Pyeloplasty models were created using Dragon Skin® FX-Pro tissue-mimicking silicone cast over 3-dimensional molds. Urology faculty and trainees completed a demographic questionnaire. The participants viewed a brief instructional video and then independently performed robotic dismembered pyeloplasty on the model. Acceptability and content validity were evaluated via post-task evaluation of the model. Construct validity was evaluated by comparing procedure completion time, the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) score, blinded subjective physical evaluation of repair quality (1–10 scale), and flow rate between experts and novices. Results In total, 5 urology faculty, 6 fellows, and 14 residents participated. The median robotic console experience among faculty, fellows, and residents was 8 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 6–11), 3.5 years (IQR = 2–4 years), and 0 years (IQR = 0–0.5 years), respectively. The median procedure completion time was 29 min (IQR = 26–40 min), and the median flow rate was 1.11 mL/s (IQR = 0–1.34 mL/s). All faculty had flow rates >1.25 mL/s and procedure times Discussion and conclusion This low-cost pyeloplasty model exhibits acceptability and content validity. Construct validity is supported by significant correlation between participant expertise and simulator performance across multiple assessment domains. The model has excellent potential to be used as a training tool in urology and allows for repetitive practice of pyeloplasty skills before live cases. Download : Download high-res image (425KB) Download : Download full-size image Summary figure . Figure showing completed pyeloplasty model mounted on the platform (left) and on the right, a participant completing a pyeloplasty using the model.
Manufacturing Martial Spirit: Ethos, Ideology and Identity in the Chinese Martial Arts

‘Martial spirit’ (shangwu jingshen) emerged as a discursive trope during the late nineteenth century as China faced the existential threat of internal rebellion, Western and Japanese imperialism and a moribund Manchu dynasty. China’s self-image as the ‘Central Kingdom’ gave way to the international reputation as the ‘Sick Man of Asia’. Within the space of a generation, China was forced to transition from empire to nation-state, feudalism to industrialism, and bows and arrows to rifles and bayonets. This article examines the historical and cross-cultural discourse of ‘martial spirit’ in relation to China. It sets out the terms of the debate as they have been constructed and debated over time, until the present conjuncture in which we see expansionist policies on the one hand and separatist movements on the other, and a former ideological belligerence replaced by trade wars and arms race. It argues that, seeing the West as a declining civilization, while learning the lessons of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, China flexes its martial muscle, even amidst persistent fears about going soft.
Taxation Without Limitation: The Prohibited Pretext Doctrine v. the Sebelius Theory

The Article posits that the Supreme Court erred in its ruling regarding the Affordable Care Act by overlooking a well-established constitutional principle, dubbed the Prohibited Pretext Doctrine. This doctrine, which prohibits the exercise of a prohibited power through the pretextual use of a power granted, faded from memory due to the post-Lochner era expansion of the Commerce Clause. Nevertheless, the doctrine remains valid law. In overlooking the Prohibited Pretext Doctrine, the Supreme Court established a new and contradictory doctrine, labeled the “Sebelius Theory.” The Sebelius Theory turns the Prohibited Pretext Doctrine on its head by explicitly allowing the government to exercise prohibited powers, so long as the law doing so is styled as a tax. The author asserts that the Sebelius Theory unconstitutionally expands governmental authority, rendering the Taxing Power virtually limitless and with power to trump all other constitutional protections.
In vivo therapeutic evaluation of a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) targeted alpha emitter in xenograft models of human neuroblastoma

1071 Objectives: [211At]MM4, a small molecule PARP-1 inhibitor labeled with the alpha-emitting radionuclide astatine-211, has demonstrated superior antitumor efficacy in pre-clinical models of neuroblastomacompared to non-radiolabeled PARP-1 inhibitors and non-targeted astatine-211.(1) We examined its biodistribution, dosimetry, efficacy, and toxicity in patient-derived xenograft mouse models for clinical translation. Methods: CB17-SCID mice with subcutaneous neuroblastoma xenografts received intraperitoneal injection of 10µCi of [211At]MM4. The organ uptake values up to 24 hours post-injection were measured and radiation dosimetry was performed on pediatric human phantoms with OLINDA/EXM v1.1 based on the emission spectra for both astatine-211 and its daughter polonium-211.(2,3) The mice were treated with 975 µCi/kg fractions of [211At]MM4 over two weeks, ranging from a single dose up to the maximum tolerated dose at 3.9 mCi/kg. Tumor size, body weight, and hematological toxicity were monitored for up to 14 weeks. Histopathology studies were performed on the tumor xenografts, as well as on the at-risk organs identified from the biodistribution study. Disaggregated tumor cells were analyzed with flow cytometry. Results: The tumor xenograft showed a high degree of [211At]MM4 uptake, resulting in significantly higher radiation dose than the whole body (6.0 vs. 1.7 cGy per MBq/kg injected dose, p<0.001) and most of the other organs. Hematological and thyroid toxicities were identified as potential complications of [211At]MM4 therapy based on organ-level dosimetry. All 11 different xenograft models showed at least 90% initial tumor response, including 100% response in 9 out of 11 models and durable complete response in 5 models. Tumor histopathology revealed statistically significant increase in necrosis (p<0.05) and corresponding decrease in mitosis (p<0.0001) with therapy. The tumor cells accumulated dose-dependent increase in DNA damage based on flow cytometry. Cellular PARP-1 expression was also increased with therapy, suggesting sensitivity to re-treatment which was subsequently validated. Although histopathology studies revealed dose-dependent toxicity at the microscopic level for the at-risk organs with high [211At]MM4 uptake, the mice were able to recover from initial weight loss and acute thrombocytopenia without behavioral signs of toxicity such as reduced oral intake. Conclusions: Targeting PARP-1 with [211At]MM4 allows concentrated delivery of alpha radiation to neuroblastoma tumor models in vivo. Its high efficacy against a variety of tumor models outweighs its toxicity profile, supporting its translation to clinical use.
Insights from Mathematical Modeling/Simulations of the In Vitro KaiABC Clock

This chapter discusses mathematical modeling of the in vitro KaiABC clock, focusing on various potential insights into mechanisms of synchrony and attempts by different groups to reproduce various experimental properties of observed clock dynamics. It is separated into a discussion of modeling the dynamics of population phosphoform state transitions to generate limit cycles, and in simulating the dynamics of KaiC hexamers and protein-protein interactions, including allosteric transitions. The latter models include both phenomenological simplified state transition models between various hexameric complexes and protein-protein interactions, and direct numerical simulations of biochemical reactions which incorporate thousands of combinatorial states and their transitions, including the effects of stochasticity (noise) on the simulated dynamics.
Sampling Engagement in Shared Reading Activities With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Generalizability Study:

Researchers seeking to make valid conclusions about engagement for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) must first determine the reliability of estimates obtained across the condition...
Fictocriticism, futurity, and critical imagination: writing stories as activism

This article shows how to use literary fictocriticism to generate critical creative scholarship concerned with issues of social justice and eco-criticism. This subgenre of creative critical writing...