cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ of the Bladder: Correlation of CK20 Expression With Adaptive Immune Resistance, Response to BCG Therapy, and Clinical Outcome.

Immunohistochemical stains have been suggested to aid in diagnostically challenging cases of urothelial carcinoma in-situ (CIS). Although full thickness immunostaining for CK20 is supportive of CIS, a subset of CIS cases is CK20(-), the clinical significance of which was unknown. This study included 43 patients with primary diagnosis of bladder CIS including 32 with only CIS, 5 with CIS and separate noninvasive high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma, and 6 with CIS and separate high-grade urothelial carcinoma with lamina propria invasion. Digital morphometric image analysis showed that the average nuclear areas of enlarged nuclei were similar in CK20(+) and CK20(-) CIS (26.9 vs. 24.5 µM2; P=0.31). Average Ki67 index for CK20(+) CIS was higher than CK20(-) CIS (31.1% vs. 18.3%; P=0.03). Patients with CK20(+) CIS [28 (65%)] and patients with CK20(-) CIS [15 (35%)] had the same rates of Bacillus Calmete-Guerin (BCG) failure but patients with CK20(-) CIS had higher stage progression [3 CK20(+) (11%) vs. 6 CK20(-) (40%); P=0.02]. Given recent approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with CIS refractory to BCG, programmed death ligand-1 expression and colocalization with CD8(+) lymphocytes was investigated as signature of adaptive immune response and was seen in 8 patients regardless of CK20 status and exclusively among patients who failed BCG. Our results confirm that negative CK20 IHC does not exclude CIS and that those patients have similar clinical outcomes as patients with CK20(+) CIS. Programmed death ligand-1 and CD8 colocalization seen among patients who failed BCG therapy is an easy assay to perform to identify patients who could potentially benefit from combined BCG therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition.
Cellular and whole-organism effects of prolonged versus acute heat stress in a montane, desert lizard.

Global climate change involves both prolonged periods of higher-than-normal temperatures and short but extreme heat waves. Both types of temperature increases are likely to be detrimental to ectotherms, and even if such temperature increases do not cause mortality directly, compensating for such temperature increases will likely entail costs to organisms. We tested the effects of prolonged periods of higher-than-average temperatures and short-term, acute heat stress in wild populations of greater short-horned lizards (Phrynosoma hernandesi), a temperate, montane lizard of the Colorado Plateau, UT, USA. We transplanted one group of lizards from a high- to a low-elevation site, exposing them to a prolonged period of warmer temperatures. These lizards, exposed to prolonged periods of higher-than-average temperatures, experienced no change in sprint speed, endurance, or heat shock protein (HSP) production after treatment compared to baseline levels; however, they had lower water content after the transplant to a warmer climate compared to before the transplant. We exposed a second group of lizards to acute heat stress by exposing them to thermally stressful temperatures for 4 h. These lizards, exposed to a short period of acute heat stress, had no change in endurance, water content, or HSP production following acute heat stress; however, lizards exposed to acute heat stress had slower sprint speeds than control lizards. Our results demonstrate that both prolonged temperature increases and acute heat stress, each of which are predicted to occur with climate change, had different cellular and/or whole organismal-level effects on lizards.
099 A randomized factorial study to understand the components of behavioral sleep extension

Introduction: Recent studies have demonstrated that behavioral sleep extension can increase sleep duration among short sleepers. However, little is known about the contribution of the intervention components. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of a fitbit and coaching on sleep extension in a behavioral sleep extension intervention. Methods: Participants included adults aged 25 to 65 years with sleep duration <7 hours who were randomized into one of four groups: self-management, Fitbit, coaching, or Fitbit + coaching. The self-management group did not receive any intervention materials. The other three groups received sleep educational materials emailed weekly. The coaching intervention (5-min telephone call) was delivered weekly for 6 weeks to the coaching and Fitbit+coaching groups to enhance motivation. Assessments were completed at baseline, post intervention (6 weeks), and 12-week follow- up. Participants completed self-report questionnaires and actigraphy at study visits. Results were analyzed using mixed models. Results: Enrollment and data collection were ended prematurely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants included 32 adults (self-management n=8, coaching n=11, Fitbit n=11, and Fitbit+coaching n=8). Fitbit+coaching group increased hours of sleep by 0.62 h hours more (95% CI: 0.04, 1.20;p=0.047) than the self-management group between their first and second visit. Coaching and the Fitbit groups showed estimated improvements over the self-management group as well: 0.54 h and 0.39 h, respectively, though their differences were not found to be statistically significant (p=0.081 and p=0.20, respectively). At the 12-week follow-up visit, there were no statistically significant differences between groups but the Fitbit+coaching group did maintain their sleep improvement. Conclusion: These results suggest that sleep extension intervention components may affect the pattern of sleep changes, but more research is needed to refine and explore changes in sleep with behavioral interventions.
Pediatric Mixed-Phenotype Acute Leukemia: What’s New?

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemias (MPAL) are rare in children and often lack consensus on optimal management. This review examines the current controversies and emerging paradigms in the management of pediatric MPAL. We examine risk stratification, outcomes of recent retrospective and prospective collaborative trials, and the role of transplantation and precision genomics, and outline emerging targets and concepts in this rare entity.
Esophageal Manometry Testing and Anti-Reflux Surgery: The Preoperative Necessity and Prognostic Utility:

Manometric assessment of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and esophageal body is the key to a better understanding of the mechanics of antireflux surgery (ARS) and maximizing its benefits while ...
MEMBRANE HYPERPOLARIZATION AS A MECHANISM OF ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT VASODILATION

Vascular endothelial cells can generate and release a variety of vasoactive substances in response to physiological stimuli such as receptor activation, shear stress, hypoxia and vascular wall distension (31). Endothelium-dependent vasodilation may be mediated by prostacyclin, endothelium-derived relaxing factor (nitric oxide, NO) or by other substances. One or more of the factors released from the endothelium can hyperpolarize the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells.
Alone Together in the Dark: Horror-Based Artworks and Fan Participation in Urban and Extra-Urban Space

My artworks are inspired by stories from horror films. I avoid extreme violence and gore in favor of stripped down narratives and familiar archetypes like ghosts and zombies. This chapter outlines several projects in which horror fans and others perform live or on camera. Urban and rural locations, populated by local actors, are sites for conversation about monstrous, environmental, and social transformation.
Along‐strike variations of earthquake apparent stress at the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, subduction zone

Oceanic plates vary in temperature, topography, and sediment load as they enter subduction zones. These variations persist along the subduction interface causing perturbations in coupling and earthquake rupture processes. We explore the effects of variable subducting plate structure on microseismicity rupture characteristics along the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. The subducting Cocos Plate has low relief along the northern and central portion of the peninsula, with seamounts present at the southern tip of the peninsula. We compute apparent stresses for 94 ML 2.5–4.2 earthquakes along the plate interface using waveform coda and find along-strike variations that mimic bathymetric variability. Median stress values are higher (3.2 MPa) in the smooth northern region, with lower values in the central (2.1 MPa) and southern (0.7 MPa) segments. Higher apparent stresses along a zone of little suspected subduction topography imply increased coupling or higher friction along the interface. These results agree with geodetic and other seismic studies that suggest variable plate coupling along the Nicoya Peninsula.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in Patients With Relapsed Follicular Lymphoma

We report the results of high-dose chemoradiotherapy and anti-B-cell monoclonal antibody-purged autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in patients with relapsed indolent follicular lymphoma. Between March 1985 and May 1995, 153 patients underwent ABMT using a uniform ablative regimen with cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation and bone marrow (BM) purging. All patients received multiple chemotherapy regimens before ABMT. At BM harvest, only 30% of patients were in complete remission, and overt BM infiltration was present in 47%. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) are estimated to be 42% and 66% at 8 years, respectively. Patients whose BM was negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for bcl2/IgH rearrangement after purging experienced longer freedom from recurrence than those whose BM remained PCR positive (P <.0001). Continued PCR negativity in follow-up BM samples was also strongly predictive of continued complete remission (CR). The 12-year survival from diagnosis for these 153 patients is 69%. Considering that the median survival from diagnosis and first recurrence of patients with advanced follicular lymphoma are 8 and 5 years, respectively, our results provide evidence that myeloablative therapy and ABMT may prolong overall survival.
Mitochondrial biogenesis. Retention of terminal formylmethionine in membrane proteins and regulation of their synthesis.

Formate is utilized for mitochondrial polypeptide chain initiation, and formyl label is retained as N-formylmethionine in mitochondrial proteins. Chloramphenicol inhibits this incorporation of formate into mitochondrial proteins by more than 95% demonstrating the specificity of this labeling procedure. A second product derived from formate and appearing in mitochondrial proteins is represented by serine which is formed and incorporated in the cell sap. These two products can be distinguished either after complete enzymatic hydrolysis or, on the intact protein, by the acid lability of the formyl linkage. Proteins initiated, translated, and integrated into their final membrane sites within the mitochondria may therefore be identified by the lability of their formate label. These techniques should prove valuable in determining the site of synthesis of purified protein subunits without the use of inhibitors, as well as for studying inter-compartmental regulation of polypeptide synthesis. We have examined this question and now provide evidence for tight coupling between the mitochondrial and cell sap systems. Interruption of protein synthesis on cell sap ribosomes has no effect on polypeptide chain initiation in the mitochondria, yet the elaboration of complete membrane-associated proteins stops rapidly.
The Mistaken Identity of Colicin A

Abstract In a series of published articles, colicin A has been mistakenly labeled as colicin K.
An Investigation of the Demographic, Psychological, Psychographic, and Behavioral Characteristics of Chinese Senior Leisure Travelers

This study was designed to investigate those variables that would provide a fuller description as well as a segmentation of the views of Chinese senior leisure travelers from the People's Republic of China. The empirical data of this study suggest that Chinese seniors comprise a collection of submarkets based on travel frequency, each with its own characteristics with respect to demographic variables, reasons or motivations for leisure travel, attitudes toward leisure travel, perceived barriers preventing them from taking leisure trips, activities they do during a leisure trip, criteria used to select a travel destination, and the use of the Internet in their travel behavior. The findings of this study provide a foundation for a variety of marketing strategies aimed at the market for Chinese senior leisure travel as well as for cross-cultural comparisons. This study thus makes significant contributions to senior tourism by extending our understanding of senior travel behavior in an important, emerging mar...
Specific Syntactic Complexity: Developmental Profiling of Individuals Based on an Annotated Learner Corpus

This study tracks the development of syntactic complexity in the writing of two beginning German as a second language learners with English as a first language over four semesters of collegiate language study by using developmental profiling techniques applied to an annotated learner corpus. The focus of the investigation is on individual developmental pathways and differences between learners who follow the same instructional sequences. The study explores variation in terms of frequencies of the selected complexity features (coordinate, nominal, and nonfinite verb structures) using corpus analysis techniques with semi-automatic corpus annotation. Two developmental profiles emerge from an in-depth contextual investigation of the target linguistic phenomena. The results show that the general developmental trend is for increasing frequency and range of syntactic complexity features with learners diverging more from one another in the second half of the observation period. This study addresses existing gaps in interlanguage complexity research by focusing on benchmarking development rather than gauging proficiency, addressing specific rather than global complexity measures, and targeting instructed learners at beginning rather than high-intermediate and advanced proficiency levels. Suggestions for future developmental second language acquisition research and foreign language pedagogy are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Electron and Fluorescence Microscopy of Mouse Hepatitis Virus.

SummaryLivers of mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV 1) were examined by conventional staining procedures and by electron and fluorescence microscopy using acridine orange fluorochrome and fluorescein-tagged antibody. Preparations stained with acridine orange showed abnormal accumulations of RNA-staining material in cytoplasm of hepatic cells. Inclusion bodies of similar size, shape, and location were stained selectively with fluorescein-tagged antibody. Observations by electron microscopy showed virus particles in cytoplasm which measured 90 ± 20 mμ in diameter.The authors are indebted to Dr. R. H. Rigdon and his staff for invaluable technical assistance.
Metadata for e‐commerce: the ONIX International standard

The Online Information Exchange (ONIX) international standard is a collaborative project aimed at developing descriptive and administrative metadata for books. ONIX was first published in January 2000, and was a result of funding from the Association of American Publishers. It was conceived in order to provide Internet booksellers with rich, standardized data that could promote e‐commerce. The metadata initiative is currently in release 1.2, dated November 24, 2000, and is maintained cooperatively by three bodies: EDItEUR, an international group, which coordinates standards for electronic commerce; the Book Industry Communication, a London‐based organization charged with exploring electronic data interchange; and the Book Industry Study Group (http://www.bisg.org/), a non‐profit association stationed in New York, which develops technical standards for the book world.
Validating administrative data in stroke research

Background and Purpose— Research based on administrative data has advantages, including large numbers, consistent data, and low cost. This study was designed to compare different methods of stroke classification using administrative data. Methods— Administrative hospital discharge data and medical record review of 206 patients were used to evaluate 3 algorithms for classifying stroke patients. These algorithms were based on all (algorithm 1), the first 2 (algorithm 2), or the primary (algorithm 3) administrative discharge diagnosis code(s). The diagnoses after review of medical record data were considered the gold standard. Then, using a large administrative data set, we compared patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of stroke with patients with their stroke discharge diagnosis code in a nonprimary position. Results— Compared with the gold standard, algorithm 1 had the highest κ for classifying ischemic stroke, with a sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value of 90%, and κ=0....
Cross section and angular distribution for the photodetachment of He-(1s2s2p 4Po) below the He(n=4) threshold.

A detailed investigation is performed for the photodetachment cross section of the He{sup {minus}} from the metastable 1{ital s}2{ital s}2{ital p}{sup 4}{ital P}{sup {ital o}} state, with photon energy up to 4 eV, which covers the whole energy region up to the He({ital n}=4) ({ital n} is the principal quantum number for the outer electron) threshold. The {ital B}-spline basis and inverse iteration approach is employed to solve the multichannel process. In contrast to other earlier theoretical calculations, in addition to the 1{ital s}2{ital p}{sup 2}{sup 4}{ital P} sharp resonance, we also find 1{ital s}3{ital p}{sup 2}{sup 4}{ital P}, 1{ital s}3{ital p}4{ital p}{sup 4}{ital P}, 1{ital s}4{ital p}{sup 2}{sup 4}{ital P}, 1{ital s}4{ital p}5{ital p}{sup 4}{ital P}, and 1{ital s}3{ital s}4{ital s}{sup 4}{ital S} Feshbach resonances in this energy region. Two Cooper minima are found in the 1{ital s}2{ital p}({sup 3}{ital P}{sup {ital o}}){ital kp}{sup 4}{ital P} channel at the energies of 2.83 and 3.25 eV. The angular distribution of the photoelectrons is also studied; the asymmetry parameter {beta} with respect to the He(2,{sup 3}{ital P}{sup {ital o}}) target is quite different from earlier predictions due to the Feshbach resonances in the photodetachment to the final {sup 4}{ital P} state.more » {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}« less
When Parting is Such Sweet Sorrow: The Comprehension and Appreciation of Oxymora

Three experiments examined the comprehension and appreciation of figurative phrases known as oxymora (e.g.,intense apathy, loyal opposition). Experiment 1 showed that adjective-noun pairs in which the noun term is the hyponym of the adjective terms' antonym were judged by readers as the most poetic. Experiment 2 found that these same types of phrases were the easiest to understand. Experiment 3 demonstrated that interpreting oxymora requires more than the simple combination of the adjective and noun terms' semantic components. These findings provide additional evidence on the influence of conceptual knowledge for both theories of complex conceptual combinations and for theories of figurative language understanding.
Power-System Voltage-Recovery Characteristics

WITH the increased use of protector tubes, a thorough knowledge of the recovery voltages to which they may be subjected has become highly desirable. The current range over which a tube can be expected to function successfully is necessarily dependent on the voltage recovery characteristics of the system in which the tube is applied. Since many systems have a large range of fault currents for the different fault and system conditions, it is essential that the corresponding voltage recovery characteristics be carefully considered. This paper presents the results of an investigation to determine and evaluate the importance of the factors which influence the voltage recovery characteristics of power systems. A very large number of tests were made on a specially designed miniature equivalent circuit representing a transmission line, connected apparatus, and the fault-clearing device. In that a miniature system was used, this investigation is similar to that made by Messrs. Evans and Monteith and presented in two recent papers.1,2 The results presented in this paper represent refinements and extensions to the understanding of the phenomena which will be of interest to both designers and users of protector tubes or other fault-clearing devices. Factors which have not been evaluated previously are shown to influence the phenomena considerably.
Desulfurization of Diesel Fuels via π-Complexation with Nickel(II)-Exchanged X- and Y-Zeolites

Desulfurization of a commercial diesel fuel (297.2 ppmw S) by different nickel(II)-exchanged faujasite zeolites was studied in a fixed-bed adsorber operated at ambient temperature and pressure. The zeolites were prepared by both liquid-phase (LP) and solid-state (SS) ion-exchange (IE) methods. In general, the adsorbents tested for total sulfur adsorption capacity at breakthrough followed the order: Selexsorb CDX (alumina)/Ni(II)-Y (SSIE-500) > Selexsorb CDX (alumina)/Ni(II)-X (LPIE-RT) > Ni(II)-Y (SSIE-500) > Ni(II)-X (LPIE-RT) > Ni(II)-Y (LPIE-135). The best adsorbent, Selexsorb CDX (alumina)/Ni(II)-Y (SSIE-500) [layered bed of 25 wt % activated alumina followed by Ni(II)-Y] is capable of producing 19 cm3 of diesel fuel per gram of adsorbent with a weighted average content of 0.22 ppmw S. These low-sulfur fuels are suitable for fuel cell applications. The sorbents were fully regenerated in one step using air at 350 °C, which simplifies possible implementation for many applications. GC−FPD results showed...
Letter confusions and reversals of sequence in the beginning reader: implications for Orton's theory of developmental dyslexia.

Summary The pattern of errors of second grade pupils in reading isolated words was analyzed, particularly with respect to reversals of letter sequence and letter orientation. These occurred in significant quantity only among the poorer readers in the school class. The two types of reversals were uncorrelated and, therefore, cannot reflect a single process as Orton had implied. Sequence reversals were more closely related to other kinds of reading errors than were orientation reversals. The linguistic context as well as optical reversibility of letters is a determinant of confusions in letter orientation. Reading ability assessed by the analytic test composed of isolated words was highly correlated with reading proficiency on a conventional paragraphs test. This suggests that the problems of the beginning reader have more to do with word construction than with strategies for scanning connected text.
Joint Attention and Children with Autism: A Review of the Literature.

Preverbal communication and joint attention have long been of interest to researchers and practitioners. Both attending to social partners and sharing attentional focus between objects or events and others precede the onset of a child's first lexicon. In addition, these prelinguistic acts also appear to have important implications with regard to learning to socialize. The construct of joint attention has been noted as an early developing area prior to the transition to symbolic communication. Thus, the importance of joint attention in typically developing children, and the lack thereof in children with autism, has interested researchers for use in diagnosis and intervention for autism. That is, joint attention has been gaining momentum as an area that not only helps characterize children with autism, but also as a prognostic indicator and a potential intervention goal. In this paper, the status of the literature about initiation of joint attention by young typically developing children and young children with autism was examined. Empirical studies regarding joint attention behaviors, including eye gaze alternation, the use of protodeclaratives and protoimperatives, and studies that investigated joint attention as a predictor of language acquisition were reviewed. Possible areas for future research for children with autism are discussed.
Student Perceptions of Progress in a Postsecondary Residential Program for Adults With Learning Disabilities

In recent years, residential postsecondary schools have been created to help adults who have completed high school, but need more assistance to make the transition to college or a career. The purpose of this study is to understand the subjective experiences of students at one such facility. Using qualitative methodology, 16 adult students were interviewed to identify areas in which they have made progress toward their goal of living independently. Students acknowledged gains in the areas of social and emotional growth, employment training, academic achievement, and independent living skill development. The results suggest that a residential postsecondary intervention is beneficial for adults with learning disabilities.
Appreciative Inquiry and Leadership Transitions

Abstract In times of accelerated change accompanied by leadership transitions, appreciative inquiry (AI) and sensemaking skills are necessary. AI is a philosophy, a model of change, and a set of tools and techniques that support discovery, dreaming, design, and creation of a vision that inspires people in an organization to move toward a collective destiny. Sensemaking involves sizing up a situation to create a framework for decision-making, creating a context for communication, linking with others, and focusing on what is and what could be. Sensemaking can be facilitated by applying appreciative leadership techniques. In this article, the story of the University of Utah College of Nursing’s and the faculty’s experience with an AI process illustrates the application of the AI leadership strategy to navigating organizational change and a leadership transition.
The molecular architecture of oxygen-carrying proteins

Abstract Nature has evolved a diverse set of proteins that serve as oxygen carriers. These molecules differ from one another both in the character of their active sites and in the intricacy of their structural organization.
Detection of in vivo formed DNA adducts at the part-per-billion level by capillary liquid chromatography/microelectrospray mass spectrometry.

Capillary liquid chromatography/microelectrospray mass spectrometry has been applied to the detection of deoxyribonucleoside adducts of the food-derived mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) from in vivo sources. Adjustments were made to a previously described methodology such that analyte detection could be improved by nearly 2 orders of magnitude. These adjustments included changing the electrospray ionization sprayer configuration, increasing the sample injection volume, improving the solid-phase extraction procedure, and increasing peak efficiency by modifying chromatographic conditions. While this scheme for improving analyte detection was targeted for DNA adducts, it could be applied to almost any LC/MS methodology where sensitive analysis is the primary objective. Selective reaction monitoring) techniques with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer enabled sensitive and specific detection of IQ adducts, with detection limits approaching 1 adduct in 109 unmodified bases using ∼500 μg o...
Rapid, solventless, bulk preparation of metal nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes.

A rapid, solventless method is described for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with metal nanoparticles. The straightforward two-step process utilizes neither reducing agents nor electric current and involves the dry mixing of a precursor metal salt (e.g., a metal acetate) with carbon nanotubes (single- or multi-walled) followed by heating in an inert atmosphere. The procedure is scalable to multigram quantities and generally applicable to various other carbon substrates (e.g., carbon nanofiber, expanded graphite, and carbon black) and many metal salts (e.g., Ag, Au, Co, Ni, and Pd acetates). As a model system, Ag nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotube samples were prepared under various mixing techniques, metal loading levels, thermal treatment temperatures, and nanotube oxidative acid treatments. These nanohybrids were characterized by a variety of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. For example, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the average size of the Ag nanopart...
Cardiolipin synthase from Escherichia coli

Abstract Escherichia coli cardiolipin synthase catalyzes reversible phosphatidyl group transfer from one phosphatidylglycerol molecule to another to form cardiolipin (CL) and glycerol. The enzyme is specified by the cls gene, located at min 28.02 of the E. coli genetic map. Cells with mutations in cls have longer doubling times, tend to lose viability in the stationary phase, are more resistant to 3,4-dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate, and have an altered sensitivity to novobiocin. Although cls null mutants appear to lack CL synthase activity, they are still able to form trace quantities of CL. The enzyme appears to be regulated at both the genetic and enzymatic levels. CL synthase's molecular mass is 45–46 kDa, or about 8 kDa less than the polypeptide predicted by the gene sequence, suggesting that posttranslational processing occurs. CL synthase can use various polyols such as mannitol and arabitol to convert CL to the corresponding phosphatidylglycerol analog. When the amino acid sequences of four bacterial CL synthases are compared, three highly conserved regions are apparent. One of these regions contains a conserved pentapeptide sequence, RN(Q)HRK, and another has a conserved HXK sequence. These two sequences may be part of the active site. E. coli CL synthase has been studied by using a mixed micelle assay. The enzyme is inhibited by CL, the product of the reaction, and by phosphatidate. Phosphatidylethanolamine partially offsets inhibition caused by CL but not by phosphatidate. CDP-diacylglycerol does not appear to affect the activity of the purified enzyme but does stimulate the activity associated with crude membrane preparations.
Reinforcement Effects on Intersubject Communication: The Scuttlebutt Effect:

Fifth and sixth grade children served as Ss to assess the effects of scuttlebutt, intersubject communication, on experimental research. The technique employed 2 test stimuli (LEFT and ETLF) which consisted of letters “embedded” between meaningless black shapes such that the letters were continuous with ground. On the first testing day half of the children were tested. Each S was shown the stimulus LEFT and asked to tell E what he saw. All Ss were told the correct answer and requested not to tell anyone about the experiment. On the second day the stimulus presented was ETLF. In the first study candy was used as a reward; in the second study no reward was used. Chi-square analyses showed a significant amount of intersubject communication was demonstrated in both studies although full communication, i.e., specification of the correct response, primarily occurred in the presence of reward.
Thermochemistry of molecular FeO, FeO+ and FeO

Abstract The gaseous oxides FeO and FeO 2 were identified by mass spectrometry as components of the effusion beam from a cell containing, initially, solid Fe 2 O 3 . From studies of gaseous equilibria involving these species, the dissociation energies D 0 0 (FeO) = 96.8 ± 3 kcal (4.20 ± 0.13 eV) and D 0 0 (FeO 2 ) = 199.0 ± 5 kcal (8.64 ± 0.22 eV) were derived. The ionization potential of FeO was found to be 8.71 ± 0.10 eV, leading to D 0 0 (Fe + -O) = 78.2 ± 4.6 kcal (3.39 ± 0.20 eV).
Signal-dependent membrane targeting by pleckstrin homology (PH) domains

Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are small protein modules of around 120 amino acids found in many proteins involved in cell signalling, cytoskeletal rearrangement and other processes. Although several different protein ligands have been proposed for PH domains, their only clearly demonstrated physiological function to date is to bind membrane phosphoinositides. The PH domain from phospholipase C-delta(1) binds specifically to PtdIns(4,5)P(2) and its headgroup, and has become a valuable tool for studying cellular PtdIns(4,5)P(2) functions. More recent developments have demonstrated that a subset of PH domains recognizes the products of agonist-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinases. Fusion of these PH domains to green fluorescent protein has allowed dramatic demonstrations of their independent ability to drive signal-dependent recruitment of their host proteins to the plasma membrane. We discuss the structural basis for this 3-phosphoinoistide recognition and the role that it plays in cellular signalling. PH domains that bind specifically to phosphoinositides comprise only a minority (perhaps 15%) of those known, raising questions as to the physiological role of the remaining 85% of PH domains. Most (if not all) PH domains bind weakly and non-specifically to phosphoinositides. Studies of dynamin-1 have indicated that oligomerization of its PH domain may be important in driving membrane association. We discuss the possibility that membrane targeting by PH domains with low affinity for phosphoinositides could be driven by alteration of their oligomeric state and thus the avidity of their membrane binding.
Concordance of preoperative clinical risk with angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing vascular surgery

Background Preoperative clinical indexes to stratify cardiac risk have not been validated angiographically. Our aims were to determine the concordance of clinical risk with severity of coronary stenosis and to develop and validate a preoperative clinical index to exclude the presence of significant coronary stenosis. Methods and Results We carried out a prospective study of 878 consecutive patients (including the derivation and validation sets). “Severe” stenosis was defined as three-vessel (≥50% stenosis in each), two-vessel (≥50% stenosis in one when the other is ≥70% stenosis of the left anterior descending), or left main disease (≥50%); “critical” stenosis was three-vessel (≥70% stenosis in each) and/or left main stenosis ≥70%. A preoperative clinical index (diabetes mellitus, prior myocardial infarction, angina, age >70 years, congestive heart failure) was used to stratify patients. A gradient of risk for severe stenosis was seen with increasing numbers of clinical markers. The following prediction rules were developed: The absence of severe coronary stenoses can be predicted with a positive predictive value of 96% for patients who have no (1) history of diabetes, (2) prior angina, (3) previous myocardial infarction, or (4) history of congestive heart failure. The absence of critical coronary stenoses can be predicted with a positive predictive value of 94% for those who have no (1) prior angina, (2) previous myocardial infarction, or (3) history of congestive heart failure. Conclusions By reliably identifying a large proportion of patients with a low likelihood of significant stenoses, these prediction rules can help to substantially reduce healthcare costs associated with preoperative cardiac risk assessment for noncardiac surgery.
Processing-property relationships of polycarbonate/graphene composites

Polycarbonate composites reinforced with graphite and functionalized graphene sheets (FGS) were produced using melt compounding. Composite samples with different degrees of graphite orientation were processed via injection, compression molding and long-term annealing. Electron microscopy and X-ray scattering revealed that FGS was nearly exfoliated. However, graphite remained multi-layer even after melt processing. Flow induced orientation of graphite was observed from both injection and compression molded samples. Graphite particles in samples after long-term annealing exhibited more random orientation. Composites with the exfoliated FGS required a smaller amount of reinforcement for rigidity and connectivity percolation, as determined by melt rheology and electrical conductivity measurements. FGS also showed better performance in suppressing gas permeability of polycarbonate. However, improvements by FGS dispersion in tensile modulus and dimensional stability were not as significant. This may be due to defects in the sheet structure formed during oxidation and pyrolysis used to exfoliate.
Engineering approximations for activation energies in hydrogen transfer reactions

Previous investigators have often used the Polanyi relationship, extensions due to Seminov, or the BOC-MP/UBI-QEP relationship to estimate activation barriers in complex reaction networks. However, these relationships are not accurate for many reactions. In this article, a new engineering approximation for the estimate of activation barriers is presented. The approximation allows one to estimate barriers analytically, using known heats of reaction and one adjustable parameter, the intrinsic barrier. The equation was fit to the recommended values of activation energies for all 151 independent hydrogen transfer reactions in the NIST tables. All but nine of the reactions are fit within ±4 kcal/mol. Of the nine failures, seven of the data points came from previous estimates, and may not be accurate. By comparison, Seminov's relationship fails for 47 of the reactions even though the Seminov relationship has three adjustable parameters compared to one in our approximation. The BOC-MP/UBI-QEP method gives errors of more than 10 kcal/mol for all 151 reactions and errors of more than 30 kcal/mol for many of the reactions. These results show that the new approximation is a significant improvement over the approximations that are currently in use.
DIFFERENT CONFORMATIONS AND SITE SELECTIVITY OF HO2--CO(III)-BLEOMYCIN A2 AND CO(III)-BLEOMYCIN A2 BOUND TO DNA OLIGOMERS

Conformational properties of HO2−-Co(III)-bleomycin A2 (Form I) and Co(III)-bleomycin (Form II) bound to DNA oligomers offering either principal cleavage site for the drug, d(GGAAGCTTCC)2 or d(AAACGTTT)2, have been studied by NMR methods. Form I binds in slow exchange to these oligomers. It retains most of its solution nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) upon binding to either oligomer. Pyrimidinyl methyl protons from the metal domain of the drug make an NOE connection with a G5 2-amino proton on DNA. The bithiazole intercalates between base pairs involving either C6 and T7 or T6 and T7 of the two DNA molecules, according to NOE connections between the bithiazole protons and protons from these bases and changes in the positions of their chemical shifts. Form II also retains most of its solution NOEs upon association with the first oligomer. However, in contrast to Form I it binds to DNA in fast exchange on the NMR time scale over the temperature range of 5-35°C and does not break the degeneracy of the DNA proton chemical shifts. No intermolecular NOEs between Form II and the 10-mer have been detected. Likewise, the major perturbation in chemical shift of the histidine H2 and guanine G5 protons seen in Form I-DNA adducts is absent in Form II-DNA. The association constant of Form II with d(GGAAGCTTCC)2 in 20 mM HEPES buffer at pH 7.4 and 25°C is 1.7 × 105M−1, and 1.0 mol of Form II bind per mol of 10-mer.
Laboratory evaluation of permissible exposure limits for men in hot environments

Forty-six industrial workers completed a total of 653 one-hour work bouts requiring an average of 122-235 kcal/M2/hr in an environmental chamber maintained at heat stress levels ranging from 8-37°C wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). Heart rates (HR) and rectal temperatures (Tre) were measured at the end of each work bout. Environmental heat stress levels were divided into two groups–those above and those below the permissible exposure limits (PEL). The PEL is the proposed maximum environmental thermal stress to which industrial workers can be exposed without endangering their health. The number of observations in each of these regions was further divided into those which were above the recommended limits of a World Health Organization study group (HR≤110 bpm, Tre≤38.0°C) and those which were not. The number of “safe” (HR≤110 bpm, Tre≤38.0°C) observations in environments with heat stress ≤ the PEL ranged from 100% to 2.4% depending on subject acclimatization and work rate. The degree of protection was alwa...
Maternal isovaleric acidemia: observation of distinctive changes in plasma amino acids and carnitine profiles during pregnancy.

Abstract Background Tandem mass spectrometry based newborn screening programs (NBS) allow early diagnosis and treatment for a number of inborn metabolic disorders. Despite the improved prognosis of affected individuals, the knowledge regarding the potential risks of childbearing in many of these conditions remains limited. Newborns with isovaleric acidemia (IVA) have been diagnosed by NBS and most of them can thrive and develop normally. Many affected individuals will therefore reach childbearing age in the near future. The information about maternal IVA, however, is quite limited. Case report Close observation of plasma amino acid, carnitine, and acylcarnitine profiles was performed in a patient with IVA that completed uneventful pregnancy. Plasma isovalerylcarnitine level was drastically decreased from the second trimester and free carnitine was inversely increased, suggesting reduced production of isovaleryl-CoA. This decrease of isovaleryl-CoA production was likely due to reduced leucine metabolism, secondary to the enhanced fetal anabolism associated with the rapid fetal growth of the second and the third trimesters. A decrease in maternal essential amino acids, including leucine was observed during the second and the third trimesters. Conclusion This observation revealed distinctive metabolic profiles during pregnancy in a patient with IVA and supports close laboratory monitoring and diet management for successful pregnancy.
An analysis of sandbathing and grooming in the kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami)

Abstract The sandbathing and grooming behaviour of ten kangaroo rats ( Dipodomys merriami ) were recorded on sand and woodchip substrates after periods of 0,1,5 and 10 days without sand. Sandbathing is restricted to the sandy substrate. Grooming occurs on both, but with a higher frequency on sand. Increases in both grooming and sandbathing occur with increasing sand deprivation, but the temporal patterning does not change. D. merriami tends to alternate sandbathing components in contrast to other Dipodomys species. Lipid on the pelage increases noticeably with sand deprivation and decreases during a sandbathing bout; sand appears to be removed from the pelage by shaking and grooming. These findings suggest a three-process system for care of the body surface.
Behavioral measures of frequency selectivity in the chinchilla

A simultaneous masking procedure was used to derive four measures of frequency selectivity in the chinchilla. The first experiment measured critical masking ratios (CRs) at various signal frequencies. Estimates of the chinchillas’ critical bandwidths derived from the CRs were much broader than comparable human estimates, indicating that the chinchilla may have inferior frequency selectivity. The second experiment measured critical bandwidths at 1, 2, and 4 kHz in a band‐narrowing experiment. This technique yielded narrower estimates of critical bandwidth; however, chinchillas continued to exhibit poor frequency selectivity compared to man. The third experiment measured auditory‐filter shape at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz via rippled noise masking. Results of the rippled noise masking experiment indicate that auditory filters of humans and chinchillas are similar in terms of shape and bandwidth with chinchillas showing only slightly poorer frequency selectivity. The final experiment measured auditory filter shape at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz using notched noise masking. This experiment yielded auditory filter shapes and bandwidths similar to those derived from man. The discrepancy between the indirect estimates of frequency selectivity derived from CR and band‐narrowing techniques and the direct estimates derived from rippled noise and notched noise masking are explained by taking into account the processing efficiency of the subjects.
Physiology of hemolymph, gut fluid, and hepatopancrease of the land crab Gecarcinus lateralis (fréminville) in various neuroendocrine states

Abstract 1. 1. Speciemens of Gecarcinus lateralis were studied in varied neuroendocrine states: i.e. crabs with eyestalks in intermolt and at echysis, destalked crabs at ecdysis and destalked crabs, thoracic ganglionic mass (TGM)-implaneted, at ecdysis. 2. 2. Protein in hemolymph is significantly decreased in destalked crabs at ecdysis. Implanted destalked crabs had a higher protein content than non-implanted. 3. 3. Osmorlarity of hemolymph is lower in all animals at ecdysis than in intermolt. Distribution of fluids is abnormal in destalked crabs; it is partialy corrected implanting a TGM. 4. 4. Hepatopancreatic water and lipid content are comparable in all crabs at ecdysis. 5. 5. The significance of these results to the biology of the crab is discussed.
Ordering of time-difference data from multispectral imagery

Abstract Our goal is to exhibit multispectral time-difference data in factored form so as to emphasize signal differences, assumed to be spatially structured, and isolate noise, which is assumed to be spatially unstructured. The method we use is a variant of the MAF procedure (Min/Max Autocorrelation Factors), a general purpose technique which extracts p orthogonal linear combinations or factors of the p- variate data which have maximal to minimal spatial autocorrelation. We discuss the application of MAF to time-difference imagery, and present three examples. The first two examples were generated from Landsat MSS image pairs and the third from Daedalus airborne scanner imagery.
Studies on the total synthesis of sesbanimide: A highly diastereoselective synthesis of the ab ring system

Abstract An efficient, highly diastereoselective synthesis of the AB ring system ( 3 ) of sesbanimide is described.
The UMTS Turbo Code and an Efficient Decoder Implementation Suitable for Software-Defined Radios

This paper provides a description of the turbo code used by the UMTS third-generation cellular standard, as standardized by the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), and proposes an efficient decoder suitable for insertion into software-defined radio architectures or for use in computer simulations. Because the decoder is implemented in software, rather than hardware, single-precision floating-point arithmetic is assumed and a variable number of decoder iterations is not only possible but desirable. Three twists on the well-known log-MAP decoding algorithm are proposed: (1) a linear approximation of the correction function used by the max* operator, which reduces complexity with only a negligible loss in BER performance; (2) a method for normalizing the backward recursion that yields a 12.5% savings in memory usage; and (3) a simple method for halting the decoder iterations based only on the log-likelihood ratios.