cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LAIR-1 acts as an immune checkpoint on activated ILC2s and regulates the induction of airway hyperreactivity

Background Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are relevant players in type 2 asthma. They initiate eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) through cytokine secretion. Leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR-1) is an inhibitory receptor considered to be an immune checkpoint in different inflammatory diseases. Objective Our aim here was to investigate the expression of LAIR-1 and assess its role in human and murine ILC2s. Methods Wild-type and LAIR-1 knockout mice were intranasally challenged with IL-33, and pulmonary ILC2s were sorted to perform an ex vivo comparative study based on RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. We next studied the impact of LAIR-1 deficiency on AHR and lung inflammation by using knockout mice and adoptive transfer experiments in Rag2−/−Il2rg−/− mice. Knockdown antisense strategies and humanized mice were used to assess the role of LAIR-1 in human ILC2s. Results We have demonstrated that LAIR-1 is inducible on activated ILC2s and downregulates cytokine secretion and effector function. LAIR-1 signaling in ILC2s was mediated via inhibitory pathways, including SHP1/PI3K/AKT, and LAIR-1 deficiency led to exacerbated ILC2-dependent AHR in IL-33 and Alternaria alternata models. In adoptive transfer experiments, we confirmed the LAIR-1–mediated regulation of ILC2s in vivo. Interestingly, LAIR-1 was expressed and inducible in human ILC2s, and knockdown approaches of Lair1 resulted in higher cytokine production. Finally, engagement of LAIR-1 by physiologic ligand C1q significantly reduced ILC2-dependent AHR in a humanized ILC2 murine model. Conclusion Our results unravel a novel regulatory axis in ILC2s with the capacity to reduce allergic AHR and lung inflammation.
El cine etnográfico explorativo de Eloy Enciso: el caso de Arraianos

Arraianos (2012) es una docuficcion del director gallego Eloy Enciso basada en O Bosque, la obra existencialista del escrito gallego Jenaro Marinhas. Mediante la yuxtaposicion de los parlamentos de...
Management of Bleeding Complications in Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants at a Large Tertiary Academic Medical Center

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) offer a fixed-dose alternative to warfarin for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, there is minimal evidence to guide the management of bleeding in patients taking a DOAC. We retrospectively evaluated the acute management of major bleeding in this patient population at a large, tertiary academic medical center. We evaluated various strategies of management including dialysis, transfusions, pharmacologic agents, surgical intervention, and reinitiation of anticoagulation. We also assessed length of intensive care unit and hospital stay, mortality, and laboratory markers for coagulation. Thirteen patients were included in this analysis; ten patients were taking dabigatran; and three were taking rivaroxaban. Eight patients were treated for gastrointestinal bleeding; four for subarachnoid hemorrhage; and one for a retroperitoneal bleed. No patients received concentrated coagulation factors; five received packed red blood cells; two received packed red blood cells and platelets; one received fresh frozen plasma; and one received fresh frozen plasma and packed red blood cells. No patients required dialysis and two patients who experienced subarachnoid hemorrhages needed surgical interventions. The average hematocrit on presentation was 29.1 ± 6.8 % and was 33.7 ± 3.7 % 3 days after presentation. Therapeutic anticoagulation was restarted during admission on six patients; two were restarted on their original anticoagulant, while four received an alternative agent. Patients treated for a non-intracranial major bleed while taking a DOAC at our institution have been managed with supportive care alone without the need for concentrated coagulation factors.
PROTECTIVE COATINGS (PAINTS) FOR PWR AND BWR REACTOR CONTAINMENT FACILITIES.

Protective coatings applied to the interior surfaces of containment facilities are expected to be resistant to an irradiation exposure up to 109 rads, pressures up to 60 psig (followed by a spray of heated borated suppression solution), and to remain in place during and following a design basis accident (DBA) occurring as late as the last day of 40 years of service. Many coating systems exposed to simulated DBA conditions in the laboratory and field evaluations survived the tests. The test data were used as a basis for writing a standard, “ANSI 101.2-1971 Protective Coatings (Paints) for Light Water Reactor Containment Facilities.”
Implementation and Visualization of Conceptual Graphs in CharGer

Practitioners using conceptual graphs are naturally interested in tools that support its features. The CharGer editing software has been available for many years, giving the community a chance to evaluate and contribute to CharGer's ever-expanding capabilities. As result of that experience, the author discusses a few lessons learned about visualization and implementation of conceptual graphs. Features such as actors, glossary integration, standards-based interoperability and automatic layout offer opportunities to study and improve the usefulness of conceptual graphs tools.
Mutations in fnr that alter anaerobic regulation of electron transport-associated genes in Escherichia coli.

The fnr gene product, FNR, is a global regulator of anaerobic gene expression in Escherichia coli. When E. coli is switched from aerobic to anaerobic growth conditions, cytochrome o (cyoABCDE) and d oxidase (cydAB) genes are repressed and the anaerobic terminal reductase genes, including nitrate (narGHJI), dimethyl sulfoxide/trimethylamine (dmsABC), and fumarate (frdABCD) reductase, are induced. To determine if certain amino acid residues are essential for FNR to function in this regulatory process, site-directed mutations were introduced into the fnr gene. The resulting mutant proteins were assayed in vivo for their ability to either activate dmsA'-'lacZ and frdA'-'lacZ gene expression, or repress expression of a cyoA'-'lacZ gene fusion. The fnr mutants were grouped into four classes. Class I exhibited a severe decrease in the ability to either activate or repress fnr-dependent gene expression. Mutations in four of the five cysteine residues in the FNR protein were in this class. The sole exception was an FNR Cys16----Ser "mutant" that exhibited normal activity. Class II mutations caused a mild reduction in FNR-dependent activation or repression while Class III mutations conferred a modest increase in the ability of the FNR protein to activate gene expression under aerobic conditions (i.e. FNR*). Finally, Class IV mutations lowered the modest aerobic FNR transcriptional activation function proportionally more than the anaerobic FNR activity. These findings identify an essential role for the NH2 terminus of the FNR protein in its various activities in anaerobic gene regulation.
Computational study of the non-equilibrium flow of gases through carbon nanotubes

Ultrafiltration membranes made of carbon nanotubes are expected to allow gases to selectively pass through them. This selectivity can be predicted from atomistic simulations of the diffusion and adsorption of the gases into and within the nanotubes. The computational nanofluidics of oxygen is therefore been studied with classical molecular dynamics simulations. The interactions in the system are modeled by a short-range reactive empirical bond-order potential coupled to a long-range Lennard - Jones potential. The transport of oxygen molecules for long time periods is characterized by an initial non-equilibrium state followed by an equilibrium state. The non-equilibrium state is characterized by diffusive motion of gas molecules from one end of the nanotube into the vacuum or low-pressure region at the other end of the nanotube, and lasts until the gases are evenly distributed inside the tube. During the non-equilibrium state, the molecules do not exit the nanotube, but rather move back and forth from one end to the other. It is found that this behavior, the time for the level-off, or attainment of equilibrium, and the molecular motions at the openings of the nanotubes are affected by the density (or pressure) of oxygen molecules both inside and outside of the nanotubes. In contrast, at the equilibrium state, for every molecule that enters the nanotube, one molecule exits at the other end.
Wolf, Canis lupus , Behavior in Areas of Frequent Human Activity

We report incidental observations of Wolves ( Canis lupus ) tolerating human activity in central Wisconsin. Three monitored packs raised pups in close proximity to varying levels of human activity. Wolf pups were raised <350m from rearing pens of the endangered Whooping Crane ( Grus americana ), which saw daily human activity. One pack used cornfields as rendezvous sites within 175 m of a maintenance shed visited regularly by workers. Another pack centered their activities along a well-traveled state highway using both the verge and the road center for activity. Aerial locations of 10 yearling and adult dispersing Wolves were plotted to evalute human densities in natal territories relative to dispersal and post-dispersal territories. Township densities (mean = 9.02 humans/km 2 , SE = 4.015) and residential densities (mean = 5.59 housing units/km 2 , SE = 2.12 ) in natal pack territories were significantly greater ( P <.01) for dispersal and post-dispersal township densities (mean = 43.98 humans/km 2 , SE =7.37) and residence densities (mean = 23.12 housing units/km 2 , SE =3.49). Furthermore, a pup negotiated the densely populated region of northern Illinois and dispersed from central Wisconsin to east-central Indiana, a distance of at least 690 km. As Wolves live in closer proximity to humans, living in areas of higher township and residential densities, they can be expected to be more habituated to people, increasing the probability of human/Wolf conflicts.
Social and nonsocial home environments of infants with nonorganic failure-to-thrive.

Nonorganic failure-to-thrive (NOFT) is a clinical syndrome that is poorly understood and inadequately studied. Because empirical data are lacking, an attempt was made to identify differentiating aspects of the mother-infant interaction and environment of infants with NOFT compared with those of matched infants who grew normally. Prospectively, 23 infants who were suffering from NOFT were chosen in a referral clinic. Each infant was matched with a control subject with normal growth by age, sex, and race of the infant and family income, maternal education, and number of people living in the household. An assistant who was unaware of infant growth status visited the homes of these infants within 3 weeks of diagnosis and gathered: the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME); the Coddington Life Events Record; and the Index of Parent Attitude Scales. The total HOME Inventory and the subscales entitled Maternal Acceptance of the Child, Organization of the Physical Environment, and Emotional Responsivity were significantly less favorable (P
1919: The Canadian Labour Revolt

This essay attempts to place Canadian workers' 1919 militancy in a national and international context. Utilizing freshly compiled strike data and focusing on events outside of Winnipeg, the paper argues that the 1919 revolt was nation-wide and part of the international post-war revolutionary upsurge. The new prominence of women and immigrant workers, reflecting the drive for industrial unionism, is emphasized. Resume Cet article tente de situer le militantisme des travailleurs canadiens en 1919 dans le contexte national et international. Grâce a des statistiques compilees recemment sur le niveau de greve et en tenant compte d'evenements survenus a l'exterieur de Winnipeg, l'auteur soutient que la revolte de 1919 a touche tout le Canada et fait partie d'une poussee revolutionnaire internationale d'apres-guerre. L'article s'attarde aussi au role de premier plan qu'ont joue les femmes et les travailleurs immigrants, ce qui s'inscrit dans un mouvement vers le syndicalisme industriel.
Three easy exercises in off-shell string-inspired methods

Off-shell string-inspired methods (OSSIM) calculate off-shell QCD Green's functions using Schwinger-Feynman proper-time techniques, always in the background field method (BFM) Feynman gauge for technical convenience, and so far only at one loop. We already know that these results are gauge-invariant, because this gauge realizes the prescriptions of the Pinch Technique (PT), a Feynman-graph formulation for any gauge, but the idea of the first exercise is to show this directly in OSSIM. In this exercise we extend proper-time OSSIM beyond the BFM Feynman gauge so that one can apply PT algorithms, and show that the intrinsic PT is equivalent to resolving ambiguities in OSSIM in other gauges. In the second exercise we use forty-year-old rules of the author and Tiktopoulos for expressing loop integrals with numerator momenta directly in terms of Feynman parameters after momentum integration (the goal of OSSIM) and show that these rules elegantly and with economy of effort give rise, at least at one loop, to standard OSSIM algorithms. In the third exercise we apply world-line techniques to the problem of the breaking of adjoint strings, requiring a non-perturbative treatment that in the end reduces to a variant of the Schwinger result for production of electron-positron pairs in an electric field. This generalizes OSSIM to non-perturbative processes.
Increased therapeutic benefit through the addition of misonidazole to a nitrosourea-radiation combination.

The potential therapeutic advantage of including the radiosensitizer misonidazole (MISO) in a treatment regimen combining systemic chemotherapy and localized radiotherapy was as sessed in the KHT sarcoma. Tumor-bearing C3H mice were treated with 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, admin istered either alone or in combination with MISO, 24 h prior to irradiating the tumors with doses ranging from 0-35 Gy. The sensitizer exposure was either a single dose of 2.5 mmol/kg or multiple injections given every 0.5 h for 8 h to maintain a sensitizer blood level of approximately 100 //g/ml. The chemotherapeutic agent was administered simultaneously with the single sensitizer dose or 3 h into the chronic sensitizer dosing schedule. Tumor response to the combined modality treatments was determined using end points of tumor regrowth delay and animal tumor-free survival. Skin reactions in the treatment field were scored as a measure of normal tissue complications. MISO, administered as a single dose in the combined modality therapy, enhanced the tumor response by a factor of ~ 1.8-1.9 while increasing skin reactions ~1.1- to 1.2-fold. Combining 1-(2chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea with chronic MISO administration prior to irradiation increased the resultant tumor control probability 1.5- to 1.8-fold without enhancing normal tissue complications. Consequently using MISO as a chemopo tentiator in a 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea-radiation combination can yield a significant therapeutic benefit.
Cox Proportional Hazard Model

In this article, we provide an overview on the Cox proportional hazards model. We discuss the partial likelihood approach for parameter estimation and inference. Some practical issues in using the Cox regression model are discussed, including how to handle tied data, incorporate time-dependent covariates, and fit the Cox regression model in stratified population. The article also reviews some practical ways for assessing proportional hazards assumption; one authentic example is used to illustrate data analysis using the Cox regression model. Finally, we list a few extensions of the Cox regression model. Keywords: Cox proportional hazards model; hazard rate; partial likelihood; time-dependent covariates; stratification
Microbiological evaluation of processed rice consumed in Japan.

Samples of processed rice from four different brands showed counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria from 1 × 102 to 5 × 103 for milled rice and from 1 × 106 to 6.8 × 106 cells g−1 for brown rice. Rice seeds contaminated by milling had extensive counts including faecal coliforms. In cooked rice, no microbial growth was noted during 4 days at room temperature (spring season, 15–20 °C) and at least 2 weeks at 4 °C. No contamination was detected in cooked rice packs. A rapid and highly reliable procedure for detection of microorganisms in cooked rice is proposed.
Sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death on dialysis: Epidemiology, evaluation, treatment, and prevention

Sudden cardiac death is the most common cause of death in dialysis patients and is usually preceded by sudden cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. A variety of risk factors have been identified that predispose the sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death in dialysis patients. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac arrest in dialysis patients may be accomplished by avoiding the use of low potassium dialysate. Pharmacotherapy with beta-blockers angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers and use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) may also prevent sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death in high-risk dialysis patients. Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death may be accomplished by similar pharmacotherapy and by the use of ICDs. Indications for ICD use in dialysis patients are similar to those for nondialysis patients; however, survival rates following ICD implantation in dialysis patients are substantially lower than in non-dialysis patients.
Hepatotoxic effect of carbon tetrachloride during pregnancy

Abstract The hepatotoxic effect of CCl 4 and the protective action of reserpine against the hepatotoxicity produced by this polyhalogen were studied in pregnant and nonpregnant animals. The pregnant animals were less susceptible to the hepatoxic effect of CCl 4 and reserpine offered protection against CCl 4 induced hepatotoxicity in both pregnant and nonpregnant animals.
Paratesticular mucinous cystadenoma arising from an oviduct-like müllerian remnant: a case report and review of the literature.

A mucinous cystadenoma of the paratestis arising from an unequivocal oviduct-like structure in an 18-year-old man is reported. Mucinous cystadenomas of the testis and paratestis are extremely rare benign tumors of controversial origin. The diagnosis may be challenging and is of clinical importance because these lesions may mimic a teratoma, and teratomas in postpubertal males carry a malignant potential regardless of the degree of maturation. A few case reports and reviews of testicular and paratesticular mucinous neoplasms resembling ovarian tumors have suggested the possibility of a mullerian origin of these tumors. However, no histologic evidence has been found to support such a histogenesis. The current case demonstrates a clear transition from mullerian-type tubal epithelium to intestinal-type mucinous epithelium. This finding, in conjunction with immunophenotypic studies, strongly supports a derivation from a paratesticular mullerian remnant. To our knowledge this represents the first substantial evidence that, in at least some cases, mucinous cystadenomas of the testis and paratestis are of mullerian derivation.
Surgical Repair of Remediable Postinfarction Cardiogenic Shock in the Elderly: Early and Long‐Term Results

The in-hospital mortality associated with acute myocardial infarction rises markedly with advancing age. It is not established whether the elderly may benefit from early surgical repair of postinfarction cardiogenic shock due to ventricular septal defect (VSD), acute severe mitral regurgitation (MR), or left ventricular power failure. Eighteen consecutive patients between the ages of 66 and 79 (mean, 72 years) and in cardiogenic shock underwent surgical repair, most with counterpulsation support, within one week of developing VSD, MR, or left ventricular power failure. Of ten patients with VSD, five (50%) survived. Three of seven patients with MR (43%) and the only patient with power failure survived for an overall survival of 50%. The nine long-term survivors were followed up for six months to five years (mean 31 months) by personal interviews with the patient or referring physician. There was one late death, due to congestive heart failure, ten months after the operation. Of the remaining eight patients, seven are categorized as New York Heart Association class 1, and one as class II. These patients have all been able to live and function independently after cardiac operation. The authors conclude that older patients with postinfarction cardiogenic shock may benefit from early operation and that advanced age does not preclude successful surgical outcome. Furthermore, operation may result in excellent long-term quality of life. J. Am Geriatr Soc 34:389–392, 1986
RATE OF ADJUSTMENT OF LEAF TEMPERATURE TO INCIDENT ENERGY.

The variability of leaf mass as a factor in the energy relations of leaves was discussed (4) in a previous paper. The problem was considered with reference to the thermal effects of absorbed radiant energy, especially in the absence of energy loss through transpiration. Data were tabulated to show the specific variability in the mass of one cm.2 of leaf tissue, and the corresponding" variations in the calculated rates of leaf temperature increase. These calculations were based primarily upon certain fundamental measurements of solar energy receipt, energy absorption by leaves, thermal emissivity of leaf substance, and specific heat of leaves made by Brown and Escombe (1) and Brown and Wilson (2) more than thirty years ago. In these data there is the implication that the rate of adjustment of leaf temperature to inflowing radiant energy would also vary with the leaf mass, and that the rate of thermal adjustment would be very rapid. This particular phase of the problem was not emphasized in the former paper, and it seems appropriate to call attention to the rapidity of adjustment that should be expected if the leaf is confined to thermal emissivity as a method of energy dissipation, and if the values for incident energy and absorption previously suggested (4) are accepted as average for thin leaves. As was indicated in the discussion of the mass factor, and also in an earlier discussion of the reflection of light from leaf surfaces (3), there are important reasons for modifying the values for incident radiation and absorption obtained by Brown and his co workers. Their figure for the calorie value of sunlight is considerably above the average value shown by their own measurements; and their coefficient of absorption included the reflected energy. It is now certain that this reflected energy is much too large to be neglected in such calculations. If one employs the lower values suggested (4) for energy receipt (B = 0.55) and absorption (a = 0.58) , retains Brown's values for the specific heat (s = 0.879) and thermal emissivity of leaf substance (e = 2 x 0.0366 cal./ cm.2/min./deg.), and applies these values to the leaves of plants listed in table I, the calculated rates of leaf temperature change are much reduced from those published several years ago (4). In column 3 of table I are shown the calculations (Ra/ms) of the temperature increase per minute in leaves exposed to radiation of 0.55 cal./cm.2/min., with absorption of 58
Bird distributions and forest zonation in a bottomland hardwood wetland

During spring of 1988 and winter of 1988–89, we sampled songbird populations and habitat characteristics along two belt transects extending across the broad, forested floodplain of the Cache River, Arkansas, USA. Objectives were to compare avian abundance and species richness among floodplain forest zones and to investigate bird species distributions in relation to the wetness gradient. Forest zones differed in structure, flooding regime, and use by birds. The tupelo/baldcypress zone, in particular, provided habitat unlike that in the higher oak-dominated zones and supported a number of bird species that were much less abundant elsewhere. Distributions of chimney swifts (Chaetura pelagica), prothonotary warblers (Protonotaria citrea), and great crested flycatchers (Myiarchus crinitus) were skewed toward wetter sites, whereas summer tanagers (Piranga rubra), red-eyed vireos (Vireo olivaceus), and others were skewed toward drier sites.
Operating Characteristics of an Inventory System with Rationing

This paper considers an inventory system which maintains stock to meet both high and low priority demands. This model is suggested by the operation of a spare parts pool in a military depot: high priority demands are those which might result in the grounding of an aircraft, for example, while low priority demands are those which arise from the routine restocking of base level inventories. We analyze the following type of control policy: there is a support level, say K > 0, such that when the level of on hand stock reaches K, all low priority demands are backordered while high priority demands continue to be filled. Both continuous review and periodic review systems are considered. The objective of the analysis is to develop methods for comparing fill rates when there is rationing and when there is no rationing for specified values of the reorder point, order quantity and support level.
Laser hot spots and the breakdown of linear instability theory with application to stimulated Brillouin scattering.

Convective instabilities in the strongly damped regime are shown to exhibit essential nonlinear behavior due to laser hot spots when the average laser intensity [l angle][ital I][r angle] approaches a critical threshold value [ital I][sub [ital c]]. The onset of this nonlinear regime is formally signaled by the divergence of the average convective amplification [l angle][ital A][r angle]as [l angle][ital I][r angle][r arrow][ital I][sub [ital c]]. An independent hot spot model of random phase plate optics predicts that [l angle][ital A][r angle][similar to]1/([ital I][sub [ital c]][minus][l angle][ital I][r angle])[sup 2]. A saturated hot spot model of nonlinear stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) predicts a rapid turn on and saturation of SBS reflectivity with laser intensity and optic [ital f] number.
5′ End-independent RNase J1 Endonuclease Cleavage of Bacillus subtilis Model RNA

Bacillus subtilis trp leader RNA is a small (140-nucleotide) RNA that results from attenuation of trp operon transcription upon binding of the regulatory TRAP complex. Previously, endonucleolytic cleavage by ribonuclease RNase J1 in a 3′-proximal, single-stranded region was shown to be critical for initiation of trp leader RNA decay. RNase J1 is a dual-specificity enzyme, with both 5′ exonucleolytic and endonucleolytic activities. Here, we provide in vivo and in vitro evidence that RNase J1 accesses its internal target site on trp leader RNA in a 5′ end-independent manner. This has important implications for the role of RNase J1 in RNA decay. We also tested the involvement in trp leader RNA decay of the more recently discovered endonuclease RNase Y. Half-lives of several trp leader RNA constructs, which were designed to probe pathways of endonucleolytic versus exonucleolytic decay, were measured in an RNase Y-deficient mutant. Remarkably, the half-lives of these constructs were indistinguishable from their half-lives in an RNase J1-deficient mutant. These results suggest that lowering RNase Y concentration may affect RNA decay indirectly via an effect on RNase J1, which is thought to exist with RNase Y in a degradosome complex. To generalize our findings with trp leader RNA to other RNAs, we show that the mechanism of trp leader RNA decay is not dependent on TRAP binding.
Multistage analysis of exercise radionuclide angiography in coronary artery disease

The hypothesis that serial assessment of left ventricular function during exercise radionuclide angiography provides improved diagnostic criteria for coronary artery disease (CAD) was examined. Fifty-eight consecutive patients without previous myocardial infarction were prospectively scheduled for cardiac catheterization and multistage radionuclide angiographic exercise studies. Forty-one patients had significant CAD. The traditional criterion--failure to achieve a 5% increment in ejection fraction (EF) during exercise compared with the value at rest--had 85% sensitivity but only 41% specificity for CAD. In 12 patients, EF increased early in exercise by at least 4% and then decreased a mean of 7.5%, often with worsening regional wall motion. This "up-down" EF pattern was applied as a diagnostic test in the overall study group. Analysis of changes in EF from the maximal value achieved to that at the end of exercise resulted in criteria with greater sensitivity (p less than 0.0001) for CAD than analysis of changes from rest, with similar specificity. Regional wall motion abnormalities occurring during the first exercise stage resulted in 94% specificity for CAD (p = 0.05 vs end-stage analysis), although sensitivity was low. Analyzing the maximal EF during exercise results in improved sensitivity, while analyzing the early onset of regional dysfunction results in high specificity for CAD.
Environmental psychology and tourism

Abstract The relationship between environmental psychology and tourism is outlined. Relevant research from environmental and social psychology is reviewed and implications for understanding tourism behavior are discussed. A five-phase recreation travel framework is applied to tourism and socioenvironmental processes are discussed for each phase. The five phases are anticipation, travel to the destination, on-site behavior, return travel, and recollection. Topics discussed include proxemics, environmental perception, environmental imagery, behavior settings, perceived authenticity, and secondary explorations. Some future research questions are suggested for each tourism phase.
Distinct Contributions of CNGA3 and CNGB3 Subunits to Ligand-Specific Activation of Cone CNG Channels

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels regulate the electrical activity of retinal photoreceptors, rods and cones, by sensing the light-induced changes of intracellular cGMP levels. Cone CNG channels consist of CNGA3 and modulatory CNGB3 subunits, both of which contain a cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD). CNGB3 subunits confer enhanced responses to cAMP and support several aspects of channel regulation. However, it is not fully understood how CNGB3 (and CNGA3) are specialized to contribute to ligand-specific activation of cone CNG channels. using patch-clamp recordings, we characterized several mutations located within the CNBD of CNGA3, each of which produced dramatic, ligand-specific effects on channel gating. In particular, D609M in CNGA3 reversed ligand selectivity, making cAMP a better agonist than cGMP, similar to equivalent mutations in paralogous channel subunits. These experiments suggest that mechanisms underlying ligand interaction with CNGA3 are well conserved. However, parallel mutations within the CNBD Cα-helix of CNGB3 had no effect on the ligand selectivity of heteromeric channels, consistent with the large decrement in sequence conservation in this region of CNGB3. CNGB3 appear to lack features supporting ligand discrimination. Next, we examined subunit contributions to ligand-dependent activation using CNBD “knock out” (R564E in CNGA3; R604E in CNGB3). CNGB3 R604E decreased relative cAMP efficacy, but only had a subtle effect on the cGMP activation for heteromeric channels (with wild-type or R564E CNGA3). In contrast, CNGA3 R564E caused an approximately 500-fold decrease in apparent cGMP affinity and nearly eliminated cAMP-dependent gating. Similar results were observed with analogous experiments using mutations of T565A in CNGA3 and T605A in CNGB3. Together, we propose that CNGA3 is the principal subunit mediating both ligand discrimination and ligand-dependent stabilization of the open state, while CNGB3 makes only a minor contribution to cGMP-dependent gating.
Incidence of the Blood Group Antigen Di a in the Tuscarora Indians of North America

THE presence of the Dia blood group antigen among various Indian tribes native to South and Central America has been well established, the incidence ranging from 3.7 to 45.8 per cent. Rare exceptions are the two documented groups where no Di(a+) examples have been demonstrated1,2. In North American Indians it has been found in 10.8 per cent of Chippewas of northern Minnesota3, 8.6 per cent of Crees of northern Manitoba4, 6.0 per cent of Bloods of southern Alberta5, 0.35 per cent of Athabascans of Alaska6, 5.6 per cent of Penobscots of Maine7 and 0.00 per cent of Cherokees of Oklahoma8.
Alpha-Emitting Isomer: Polonium-211

The half-life of AcC\ensuremath{'} (${\mathrm{Po}}^{211}$) has been measured for the first time, and is 0.52 second rather than the $\frac{1}{200}$ seconds widely quoted in the literature. Three short-lived alpha emitters resulting from alpha-particle bombardment of lead have been studied. They have been identified as ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{211}$ (${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}=2.16$ min) and two states of ${\mathrm{Po}}^{211}$ (${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}=25 sec\mathrm{and}0.52\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}sec$) by means of chemical separations, excitation functions, half-life measurements, and measurements of the energies of the emitted alpha particles. The energy measurements show that the 0.52-second state is an excited state of ${\mathrm{Po}}^{211}$, with an excitation energy of about 0.3 Mev. A group of alpha particles having about 9-Mev energy was observed but not identified.
Steroidogenesis activator polypeptide (SAP) in the guinea pig adrenal cortex.

Abstract Steroidogenesis activator polypeptide (SAP), a cytosolic stimulator of cholesterol side-chain cleavage (cholesterol SCC) previously characterized in the rat, was isolated from guinea pig adrenal cortex. This factor exhibited behavior on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that was indistinguishable from authentic SAP and crossreacted fully in a SAP radioimmunoassay. In dexamethasone-suppressed guinea pigs neither the concentrations of immunoreactive adrenal SAP nor the levels of cholesterol SCC activity were significantly different between the outer zones (zonae glomerulosa and fasciculata) and the inner zone (zona reticularis). However, at 10 min after treatment of dexamethasone-suppressed animals with ACTH 1–24 , the outer zone content of SAP was increased 42-fold over unstimulated controls whereas inner zone SAP was elevated only 4-fold. At the same time, cholesterol SCC activity was increased 2-fold in the outer zones but unchanged in the inner zone. In addition to SAP itself, a crossreacting 82 kDa protein (p82) — similar to the putative SAP precursor identified in the rat — was detected on two-dimensional immunoblots of guinea pig whole adrenal homogenate. There were no significant differences in the protein concentrations of p82 or of cytochrome P-450 SCC between zones, either with or without ACTH treatment. We conclude that the widely reported contrast in corticosteroidogenic potential between the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis of the guinea pig may reflect a differential capacity to generate SAP, and thus activate cholesterol SCC, in response to ACTH.
Maskil, Community, and Religious Experience in the Songs of the Sage (4Q510–511) 1

Abstract The present study seeks to illuminate how the recitation of the prophylactic magical hymns known as 4QSongs of the Sage engendered religious experience for worshipers. Previous research on this composition has focused on locating it within the broader streams of early Jewish magical and apocalyptic tradition, but little attention has been paid to the apotropaic function of the Songs within the larger religious experiential framework implied by the text. This study argues that despite the lack of concrete information pertaining to ritual praxis, the language of the Songs reveals that participation in the ritual was designed to bring worshipers to understand themselves as realizing essential Qumranite ideals such as perfect purity and supernal knowledge, and to experience communion with the angels in the image of “the eternal sanctuary.” It is suggested that the protection from the demons offered by the Songs is not so much the result of “magic” as it is a natural outcome of the perceived attainment of these ideals.
Transmission Raman and depolarization spectra of bulk a-Se from 13 to 300 cm−1☆

Abstract The Raman and depolarization spectra of bulk a -Se have been measured at 11.4 K. The 112 cm -1 mode is unambiguously identified from both its position and polarization as an Se 8 ring mode. The low frequency Raman coupling coefficient is found to be constant in the range 13 −1 An upper bound of 8 A is found for the correlation range in a -Se.
DNA Fluorescent Probes for Diagnosis of Velocardiofacial and Related Syndromes

Objective To study the usefulness of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with the DNA probe D22S75 for detecting microdeletions in chromosome 22ql1.2 in metaphases from patients with features of "CATCH 22" (cardiac anomalies, abnormal facies, thymic hypoplasia or aplasia, cleft palate, and hypocalcemia). Methods High-resolution chromosome analysis and FISH were performed on metaphases from 10 control subjects, 42 patients with features of CATCH 22, and 6 parents of children with CATCH 22. Patients were screened for conotruncal heart defect, palatal abnormality, and facial features. We correlated the phenotype, karyotype, and deletion of a D22S75 locus. Results Specimens from nine patients with one or more features of CATCH 22 had a single hybridization signal for D22S75, indicating a deletion of chromosome 22ql1.2. Four patients had all the major features of the syndrome and a chromosomal deletion. Thirteen patients had two CATCH 22 features, five of whom had a deletion. None of the 25 patients with a single CATCH 22 feature had a deletion. One patient with a deletion detected by FISH also had a deletion noted on high-resolution banding. All six parents who had blood samples studied by FISH had normal hybridization patterns. Conclusion FISH is a useful adjunct to chromosome analysis for assessing patients with features of CATCH 22. Detecting a chromosomal deletion by FISH provides a definitive diagnosis and helps to ensure appropriate medical management and genetic counseling.
Impact of Antenna Correlation in Electrically Dual-polarized Small Antennas

In spatially correlated channels, the diversity provided by dual-polarized (DP) antenna systems is known to provide an increase in spectra efficiency compared to traditional copolarized (CP) systems. However, as the antenna dimensions decrease relative to the wavelength, antenna correlations will increase due to the electrically-small antenna elements. In this work, we model the impact of electrically small antennas through mode coupling and characterize performance degradations in wide-band Rayleigh fading channel models, where performance is measured in terms of bit error rates and packet error rates. System performance is measured using a multiple-input, multiple output (MIMO) emulation test bed. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) penalties due to antenna correlations are found to exceed 10 dB when coupling factors are significant.
Type I interferon as a novel risk factor for endothelial progenitor cell depletion and endothelial dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective The premature atherosclerosis seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is not explained by traditional risk factors. SLE disease activity, such as renal involvement and presence of autoantibodies, is associated with elevated serum levels of type I interferon (IFN-I), a family of cytokines with potent antiviral and antiproliferative effects. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that elevated IFN-I levels could lead to endothelial dysfunction, a surrogate for cardiovascular disease, by causing a reduction in the number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), bone marrow–derived cells that participate in endothelial repair. Methods EPCs were enumerated in the peripheral blood of SLE patients (n = 70) and healthy controls (n = 31), using a colony-forming assay. Serum IFN-I levels were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction measurement of the expression of the IFN-I–inducible gene MX1. Endothelial function was determined by peripheral arterial plethysmography. Results SLE patients had markedly reduced levels of EPC colony-forming units compared with controls (median 5.7/ml peripheral blood [interquartile range 1.9–12.8] versus 28.5/ml peripheral blood [14.7–47.3]; P < 0.0001), and the depletion of EPCs was more dramatic in patients with elevated levels of IFN-I. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that MX1 expression and serum levels of C-reactive protein were independently associated with the reduction of EPCs. Importantly, high IFN-I levels were associated with impaired endothelial function in patients with SLE. Conclusion These data support the novel hypothesis that depletion of EPCs caused by excessive IFN-I may be linked to endothelial dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in SLE.
Using Behavioral Theory in Computer-Based Health Promotion and Appraisal:

This article explores how behavioral theory can facilitate the development, implementation, and evaluation of health promotion software packages intended to influence personal health practices and/or assess health risks. Current behavioral theories and models are reviewed, and their relevance to developing health promotion software is discussed. A series of six steps is suggested for developing and evaluating health promotion and appraisal software within a behavioral theory framework. These steps should help to facilitate direct application of the theory-based process to health promotion software development.
Atomic Disintegration by ‘Non-Capture’

IT has been assumed1 that the nucleus of an atom may be disintegrated by either (1) a process in which the projectile (A), which is another nucleus, is captured, or (2) one in which it is not captured.
A rigid-viscoplastic finite element program for sheet metal forming analysis

Abstract A finite element modeling (FEM) program has been formulated to simulate a general three-dimensional sheet stretching operation. The program is based on an anisotropic, rigid-viscoplastic material model and utilizes triangular, plane stress elements incorporating a membrane approximation. These features are aimed at reducing CPU time for realistic industrial applications while retaining the necessary complexity of material behavior. An incremental theory of plasticity based on Hill's new theory of anisotropy and on a minimum plastic work path over the time step is employed. Special algorithms for dealing with die contact condition, material unloading and Coulomb friction have been developed. Simulations of stretch forming using two punch-and-die configurations are presented, and one of the results is compared with results appearing in the literature. Simulations of these operations using finer meshes and smaller time steps demonstrate the robustness of the formulation. Although the program is unoptimized, initial CPU times suggest that the program is suitable for large-scale industrial forming simulations.
Reactivity of bis(cyanomethanide) nickel and palladium complexes

The reactivity of the bis(cyanomethanide) nickel and palladium complexes is discussed. The synthetic scheme used to generate these complexes involves the use of a base to generate the anion of acetonitrile, followed by the reaction of this anion with the metal dihalide L 2 NiCl 2 or L 2 PdCl 2 to generate the desired complex L 2 Ni(CH 2 CN) 2 or L 2 Pd(CH 2 CN) 2 . Regardless of the ligand L (PPh 3 , diphos, or bipy), it was found that the complex L 2 Ni(CH 2 CN) 2 is much less stable than the analogous complex L 2 Ni(CH 3 ) 2 . When the cyanomethanide nickel complex is oxidized to induce a reductive–elimination reaction, succinonitrile is generated. Though crystals of a nickel complex could not be obtained, the X-ray structure of the complex (diphos)Pd(CH 2 CN) 2 is reported. Upon oxidation, the palladium complex does not undergo a reductive–elimination reaction.
Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Microstructure of 5052 Aluminum Alloy Sheet by Roll-Casting

The effect of electromagnetic field on microstructure of roll-casting 5052 aluminum alloy sheet has been investigated and analyzed. The results indicate that imposing static magnetic field can refine the grains of 5052 aluminum alloy during the roll-casting; accordingly, imposing static magnetic field and alternating current at the same time, the grains are remarkably refined and equiaxed due to electromagnetic oscillation effect.
Pervasive, persuasive health: Some challenges

As we consider the next set of challenges for pervasive heath, what are the issues that our current expertise may not sufficiently address? What might we have overlooked that should be on our research agenda as we go forward? In this brief paper, I argue that we would benefit from knowing more about how to design persuasive systems for single use situations (e.g., the decision to get a screening or vaccination) and that people can “graduate” from while maintaining healthy routines and habits they have developed.
Bronchiectasis following Ammonia Burns of the Respiratory Tract: A Review of Two Cases

Bronchiectasis is described in two persons following ammonia burns of the respiratory tract The victims were exposed to anhydrous ammonia fumes for a period of 30 to 90 minutes respectively following a railroad tank-car derailment. Significant bronchiectatic changes were observed even though the admission chest roentgenogram was interpreted as normal in one case and as having an infiltration involving the lingula and left lower lobe present on the other. Follow-up radiographic studies should include a bronchogram when a person exposed to a corrosive gas remains symptomatic and inflammatory changes were present on the chest roentgenogram taken shortly after the incident.
Effective Interaction Lengths In The Collinear Magnetostatic Wave - Optical Interaction

The collinear magnetostatic wave - optical wave interaction is considered. Emphasis is placed on the effect of magnetostatic and optical losses on the conversion efficiency between optical modes and on the interaction bandwidth. It is found that the introduction of an "effective interaction length" provides a straightforward refinement of existing theory applicable to situations with small total energy transfer between optical modes. A weak-coupling model for the interaction bandwidth in the presence of loss is also described. The utility of the model is tested by comparing experimentally obtained interaction bandwidths against theoretical predictions, at center frequencies between 0.5 and 12 GHz. Taking optical and magnetostatic wave losses into account in the theory results in a significant improvement over lossless coupled-mode theory. Some experimental techniques and applications with magnetostatic waves are illustrated.
Genetic and Phenotypic Variation in the Regional Red Controls Over Nine Years

Abstract A RECENT analysis of data collected from the Regional Cornell Control population over eight years by Kinney et al. (1968) indicated that there were significant regressions on time for the phenotypic means of eight and 32-week body weight, 32- and 55-week egg weight, weeks to first egg, albumen quality score and specific gravity. With the exception of 55-week egg weight, regressions of additive genetic variance and heritability estimates on generation number were non-significant for all traits including short and long term rates of production. The results strongly suggested that time trends of these traits might be due to directional changes in the environment, although the authors recognized the possibility of a combination of environmental and genetic factors as the basis of the trends. In an earlier study of the population from which the Regional Cornell Control population was derived, King et al. (1963) concluded that no important genetic trends existed . . .