cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defect structures in grain boundaries

Abstract The concept of grain boundary dislocations is extended to include partial dislocations with associated faults. The role of these dislocations in twinning, in grain boundary migration, and in lattice dislocation-grain boundary intersection is considered. Motion of pure grain boundary ledges under couple stress forces is discussed. Various models of grain boundary ledges are shown to be equivalent.
TRPV1: A Target for Rational Drug Design

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective, Ca2+ permeable cation channel activated by noxious heat, and chemical ligands, such as capsaicin and resiniferatoxin (RTX). Many compounds have been developed that either activate or inhibit TRPV1, but none of them are in routine clinical practice. This review will discuss the rationale for antagonists and agonists of TRPV1 for pain relief and other conditions, and strategies to develop new, better drugs to target this ion channel, using the newly available high-resolution structures.
New exact-repair codes for distributed storage systems using matrix determinant

The exact-repair regeneration codes for distributed storage system are studied in this work. A novel coding scheme is proposed for code construction for any (n, k, d = k) system, and it is shown to be optimal. In particular, the optimum tradeoff of exact-repair regeneration system is fully characterized for any system with d = k. The new construction is based on fundamental properties of matrix determinant, thus the code is called determinant code. It is devised for the entire range of (α, β) on the optimum tradeoff.
Current Issues with Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynecologic surgeries. Early adoption of surgical advancements in hysterectomies has raised concerns over safety, quality, and costs. The risk of potential leiomyosarcoma in women undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy led the US Food and Drug Administration to discourage the use of electronic power morcellator. Minimally invasive hysterectomies have increased substantially despite lack of data supporting its use over other forms of hysterectomy and increased costs. Health care reform is incentivizing providers to improve quality, improve safety, and decrease costs through standardized outcomes and process measures.
18.1 A 1.7-to-2.2GHz full-duplex transceiver system with >50dB self-interference cancellation over 42MHz bandwidth

Full-duplex (FD) radio communication potentially doubles the spectral efficiency in the densely occupied RF spectrum (100MHz to 5GHz). However, significant challenges remain, particularly the presence of a strong transmitter (TX) self-interference (SI) coupling to the receiver (RX). Numerous recent efforts on mitigating SI have focused on using active cancellation techniques [1–5]. However, these methods are challenged by either a degradation in noise performance [2], high power consumption [1,4], large silicon area [5], the inability to adequately cancel a high-output-power TX signal [3–4], or achieve a relatively narrow cancellation bandwidth [3,5]. Moreover, other sources of SI are presented to the RX, including the effects of 1) in-band TX thermal noise, which can exceed the RX noise floor, 2) the RX LO phase noise (PN), which reciprocally mixes with SI, further degrading the C/I ratio. This paper presents several circuit-level techniques, which contribute toward reducing the interaction between the TX and RX in FD radios.
Identification of mechanically regulated phosphorylation sites on tuberin (TSC2) that control mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is necessary to generate a mechanically induced increase in skeletal muscle mass, but the mechanism(s) through which mechanical stimuli regulate mTOR signaling remain poorly defined. Recent studies have suggested that Ras homologue enriched in brain (Rheb), a direct activator of mTOR, and its inhibitor, the GTPase-activating protein tuberin (TSC2), may play a role in this pathway. To address this possibility, we generated inducible and skeletal muscle-specific knock-out mice for Rheb (iRhebKO) and TSC2 (iTSC2KO) and mechanically stimulated muscles from these mice with eccentric contractions (EC). As expected, the knock-out of TSC2 led to an elevation in the basal level of mTOR signaling. Moreover, we found that the magnitude of the EC-induced activation of mTOR signaling was significantly blunted in muscles from both inducible and skeletal muscle-specific knock-out mice for Rheb and iTSC2KO mice. Using mass spectrometry, we identified six sites on TSC2 whose phosphorylation was significantly altered by the EC treatment. Employing a transient transfection-based approach to rescue TSC2 function in muscles of the iTSC2KO mice, we demonstrated that these phosphorylation sites are required for the role that TSC2 plays in the EC-induced activation of mTOR signaling. Importantly, however, these phosphorylation sites were not required for an insulin-induced activation of mTOR signaling. As such, our results not only establish a critical role for Rheb and TSC2 in the mechanical activation of mTOR signaling, but they also expose the existence of a previously unknown branch of signaling events that can regulate the TSC2/mTOR pathway.
Intercultural gerontology curriculum: Principles and practice.

The internationalization of universities and the aging of the global population are two current issues that converge and challenge undergraduate gerontology curriculum development in Canada. One re...
Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis

Sexual assault (SA) is a common and deleterious form of trauma. Over 40years of research on its impact has suggested that SA has particularly severe effects on a variety of forms of psychopathology, and has highlighted unique aspects of SA as a form of trauma that contribute to these outcomes. The goal of this meta-analytic review was to synthesize the empirical literature from 1970 to 2014 (reflecting 497 effect sizes) to understand the degree to which (a) SA confers general risk for psychological dysfunction rather than specific risk for posttraumatic stress, and (b) differences in studies and samples account for variation in observed effects. Results indicate that people who have been sexually assaulted report significantly worse psychopathology than unassaulted comparisons (average Hedges' g=0.61). SA was associated with increased risk for all forms of psychopathology assessed, and relatively stronger associations were observed for posttraumatic stress and suicidality. Effects endured across differences in sample demographics. The use of broader SA operationalizations (e.g., including incapacitated, coerced, or nonpenetrative SA) was not associated with differences in effects, although including attempted SA in operationalizations resulted in lower effects. Larger effects were observed in samples with more assaults involving stranger perpetrators, weapons, or physical injury. In the context of the broader literature, our findings provide evidence that experiencing SA is major risk factor for multiple forms of psychological dysfunction across populations and assault types.
Family Reunification After Disasters

Family reunification after disasters remains a priority for all involved in disaster response. The psychological stress for children separated from their families after disasters can be significant and the effects can be prolonged. Unfortunately, planning for family reunification after disasters continues to be fragmented and only exists in silos. This is particularly true in the medical arena where hospital staff must prepare to both care for unidentified children with unknown medical histories and reunite them with their families. Pediatric health care providers have many opportunities to help families and their communities, including schools and daycares, plan for such disasters. The purpose of the article is to present the effects of delayed family reunification on children, the role of the pediatric health care provider in individual family and community reunification planning, available family reunification resources, reunification systems including social media, and use of technology for family reunification. Recommendations for next steps for creating a more coordinated family reunification system will also be provided.
When Matter Reorganizes Itself

At Dickinson College, like at so many other colleges and universities, the hallways of the physics building are lined with framed posters put out by the American Physical Society. You may have seen them, too: they showcase, decade by decade, major personal achievements, important general advances in knowledge, and pivotal events in our discipline. Together, they represent something of an arrow of time for physics. Each poster starts with a written paragraph describing in broad strokes what happened in the respective decade, with a big picture of a prominent physicist from that era in the top corners. So each day I walk past the likes of Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Paul Dirac, and Richard Feynman on my way to the office.
902 Reduced readmission rates through multidisciplinary, whole person care

Background Readmissions are a surrogate marker for a patient’s ability to manage their health. Ambulatory care is poised to transform services by partnering with patients to enhance their success with disease management to reduce hospitalizations. Objectives Empower patients to optimise whole person, self-care with the support of a multidisciplinary team. Methods A target population was selected after analysis of hospitalised and readmitted patients to confirm findings reported in the literature. A multidisciplinary team developed goals and objectives for whole person care to provide the framework for interventions. A process for identification, enrollment and discharge from the team was created. During team meetings patient needs are prioritised and integrated services are coordinated. The electronic medical record supports communication to the primary care provider and other members of the healthcare team. Results The median readmission rate at baseline was 28% and decreased to 10% post implementation. This reduction in readmissions was obtained by implementing the intervention in 20% of all admitted patients. Interventions were assessed at baseline in all discharged patients compared to post-implementation target population. Completion of Physician’s Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) rose from 9% to 41%, Personal Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalised Anxiety Disorder screening significantly increased to 94%. Evaluation by behavioural health and a pharmacist improved to 100%. Conclusions Readmission rates can be decreased through ?coordinated, whole person interventions on a targeted patient population in the ambulatory setting. Implementing multidisciplinary proactive planned care improves a patient’s ability to care for themselves as demonstrated by a reduced readmission rate.
The effects of molybdenum and commercial ranges of phosphorus upon the toughness of manganese steels containing 0.40 pct carbon

The loss in toughness caused by phosphorus within commercial ranges was studied in AISI-SAE 1340 steel and in molybdenum modifications of this grade. The replacement of part of the manganese by molybdenum in amounts which maintain the hardenability of the standard 1340 grade was shown to counteract to a marked degree the detrimental effects of phosphorus.
Forensic Pathology and the Utilization of Histology: A Brief Review:

The utilization of histology by forensic pathologists varies. This article is a brief review of how histology is (or perhaps should be) employed in the work of forensic pathologists who perform aut...
Abstract 14684: Preoperative Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction Predicts Postoperative Survival Following Aortic Valve Replacement for Severe Aortic Stenosis

Introduction: Calcific aortic valve stenosis (AS) leads to left ventricular pressure overload, hypertrophy and fibrosis. Available data suggest myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction persist despite successful aortic valve replacement (AVR). Hypothesis: We hypothesize that preoperative echocardiographic diastolic dysfunction will adversely impact intermediate-term mortality after successful AVR for severe AS. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with isolated severe AS undergoing AVR between 2002 and 2012. A total of 1,989 subjects were included in the analysis. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality following AVR. The influence of various clinical and echocardiographic parameters on mortality was evaluated with cox proportional hazards regression. Kaplan Meier estimates were used for survival analysis. Results: Results are shown in the table. Mean follow up was 64±37 months and all-cause mortality occurred in 720 subjects (36%). Preoperative E/e’ and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were strong univariate correlates and independent predictors of mortality postoperatively. Patients with E/e’ >15 (n=1021) and a LVEF Conclusions: After adjusting for clinical risk factors, E/e’ and LVEF were independent predictors of mortality after AVR for severe AS. Current guidelines support AVR for severe AS with symptoms or after a drop in LVEF. Our data suggest that AVR should be considered before the onset of impaired LVEF or diastolic dysfunction, which adversely impact postoperative survival.
Troubling the IRB: Institutional Review Boards' Impact on Art Educators Conducting Social Science Research Involving Human Subjects.

This article seeks to explore ways in which academic researchers’ investigations and representations have been shaped by the demands of human subjects research protocols and Internal Review Board (...
Comparison of single sourcing (with lot streaming) and dual-sourcing

Dual-sourcing is a strategy of ordering the material required to process a lot (order) from two suppliers, instead of a single supplier. This strategy has been well-studied in the literature and ha...
Photoacoustic Imaging for Image-guided Endovenous Laser Ablation Procedures

Accurate fiber tip tracking is a critical clinical problem during endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of small perforating veins. Currently, ultrasound (US) imaging is the gold-standard modality for visualizing and for accurately placing the ablation fiber within the diseased vein. However, US imaging has limitations such as angular dependency and comet tail artifacts. In addition, EVLA is often performed without any real-time temperature monitoring, which could lead to an insufficient thermal dose or overheating the surrounding tissue. We propose a new technique that combines US and photoacoustic (PA) imaging for concurrent ablation fiber tip tracking and real-time temperature monitoring during EVLA procedures. Our intended implementation of PA imaging for fiber tracking requires minimal modification of existing systems, which makes this technology easy to adopt. Combining US and PA imaging modalities allows for simultaneous visualization of background anatomical structures as well as high contrast, artifact-free, and angle-independent localization of the ablation fiber tip. Preliminary data demonstrates that changes in the amplitude of the PA signal can be used to monitor the localized temperature at the tip of the ablation fiber, which will be invaluable during EVLA procedures. These improvements can enhance the physician’s accuracy in performing EVLA procedures and will have a significant impact on the treatment outcomes.
Dictyostelium discoideum, sponges, comb jellies, and hydra: the earliest animals

Abstract The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is an ideal model system to study cellular differentiation. It exists for most of its life as a group of single cells called amoeba. Upon sensing the lack of food, the amoeba migrate toward a single area following a source of cAMP. This chemotropic migration is produced by the binding of cAMP to cAMP receptors on the surface of the amoeba. After aggregation the amoeba differentiate into either stalk or sperm cells, forming a slug. The sperm cells are then dispersed to other sites and remain dormant until a source of food is detected. Sponges are among the simplest multicellular organisms. They contain only two cellular layers separated by a jelly-like layer. No nervous system is present. Sponges feed by using flagellated cells called collar cells to force water containing food through their pores. Sponge larvae contain flask cells that contain the visual pigment, rhodopsin, allowing the organism to detect light. DNA sequencing has discovered proteins homologous to both pre- and postsynaptic density proteins, and to adherence molecule superfamilies. Hydra are among the simplest multicellular organisms with true nervous systems. They are composed of a head with tentacles to grasp their prey, a mouth, a digestive tract, and a sphincter. Hydra contain a central group of neurons equivalent to interneurons, and many sensory neurons. DNA sequencing revealed genes homologous to those for pre- and postsynaptic proteins. More than 850 small peptides are present in Hydra. Many of them are thought to be involved in nervous system development.
Prevalence and Temporal Distribution of Fast and Slow Progressors of Infarct Growth in Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke.

Background and Purpose- Fast and slow progressors of infarct growth due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion are commonly observed in clinical practice. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and temporal distribution of fast and slow progressors among anterior circulation large vessel occlusion patients diagnosed within 24 hours of stroke onset. Methods- Single-center retrospective study of all patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who underwent baseline computed tomographic perfusion or magnetic resonance imaging within 24 hours of stroke onset. Prevalence was determined for fast progressors (ischemic core >70 mL, 6-24 hours of stroke onset). Results- One hundred eighty-five patients were included. The median time interval from stroke onset to baseline core imaging was 7.6 hours (interquartile range, 3.9-13.2), and median core volume was 17 mL (range, 0-405). Patients had core volume ≤70 mL in 72% of cases in the overall cohort. The prevalence of fast progressors was 25% (95% CI, 17%-37%) and reached 40% (95% CI, 24%-59%) between 3 and 4.5 hours after stroke onset. The prevalence of slow progressors was 55% (95% CI, 46%-64%) and was similar across time intervals beyond 6 hours after stroke onset. Conclusions- Most anterior circulation large vessel occlusion patients had small-to-moderate ischemic core volume, irrespective of early or delayed presentation within 24 hours of stroke onset. Fast progressors were highly prevalent between 3 and 4.5 hours after stroke onset.
Enhanced Radiation of Near-Inertial Energy by Frontal Vertical Circulations

AbstractNear-inertial waves (NIWs) radiate energy out of the mixed layer when they develop small lateral scales. Refraction of these waves by gradients in planetary and vertical vorticity has tradi...
PDE4 Inhibitors Augment Glucocorticoid Receptor Levels in B-CLL Cells but Not in T Cells, B Cells, Monocytes or Neutrophils.

Abstract cAMP analogues have long been known to induce apoptosis in specific lymphoid subsets and to augment the apoptotic effect of glucocorticoids. However, a clinically feasible means by which to take advantage of these effects for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies has not previously been identified. Inhibition of type 4 cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDE4) activates cAMP-mediated signaling in many cell types and several PDE4 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for inflammatory illnesses such as asthma, COPD and psoriasis. We have previously reported that PDE4 inhibitors induce apoptosis in B-CLL and augment the apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone. However, the mechanism by which PDE4 inhibitors increase glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis has remained unclear. In gene chip studies, we find that the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram (10 uM) augments transcript levels of glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRa). A rolipram-induced dose and time-dependent increase in GRa levels was confirmed both by real-time PCR and by Western analysis. In leukemic cells derived from eight B-CLL patients, GRa transcript levels rose over the first four hours to a mean of 4.8 +/− 0.2-fold above baseline and maintained such a fourfold increase for at least 24 hours. An analysis of GRa transcript half-life following actinomycin D treatment demonstrates that rolipram augments transcript levels in B-CLL cells by a transcriptional mechanism. Consistent with this, rolipram treatment augments GRa transcripts derived from promoters 1A and 1C to a greater degree than 1B. Remarkably, rolipram does not augment GRa transcript levels in normal T cells, B cells, monocytes or neutrophils, even in the presence of the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin. Similarly, no increase in GRa transcript levels was observed in leukemic T-CLL cells. As previously reported in B cell lines, treatment of B-CLL cells with dexamethasone reduced GRa transcript levels in a dose-dependent manner. Co-treatment with PDE4 inhibitors maintained GRa transcript levels above basal levels even at the highest dexamethasone concentration tested (1 uM). Finally, we have confirmed the ability of PDE4 inhibitors to augment dexamethasone-induced apoptosis using several PDE4 inhibitors currently in clinical trials for other indications. Our results suggest that co-treatment with PDE4 inhibitors and high-dose dexamethasone may increase leukemic cell GRa levels and augment the apoptotic efficacy of glucocorticoid therapy in B-CLL patients.
Surveillance After Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Call for Multidisciplinary Standardization.

OBJECTIVE Though interest in expansion of the use of less-invasive therapies among operable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is growing, it is not clear that post-treatment surveillance has been comparable between treatment modalities. We sought to characterize institutional surveillance patterns after NSCLC therapy with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and lobectomy. METHODS NSCLC patients treated with lobectomy or SBRT (2005 to 2016) at a single institution were identified. Natural language processing searched data fields within axial surveillance imaging reports for findings suggestive of recurrence. Duration and patterns of institutional surveillance were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS Three thousand forty-two patients (73.5% lobectomy, 26.5% SBRT) met inclusion criteria. Patients had a longer median duration of surveillance after lobectomy (28.0 months vs SBRT 12.3 months, P < 0.001) and were more likely to undergo histopathological evaluation of clinically suspected relapse (206/274 [75.2%] vs SBRT 54/113 [47.8%], P < 0.001). Patients with clinical suspicion of recurrence had longer durations of institutional surveillance than those who did not among both cohorts (lobectomy 44.4 months vs 25.9, P < 0.001; SBRT 27.9 vs 10.3, P < 0.001). Landmark analyses at 1 and 3 years after therapy identified associations between receipt of lobectomy and ongoing surveillance at each time point (1 year odds ratio [OR] 2.10, P < 0.001; 3 years OR 1.71, P < 0.001) among all patients and those with documented stage I disease. CONCLUSIONS We identified potential heterogeneity in institutional surveillance patterns after treatment of NSCLC with 2 therapeutic modalities. As less-invasive treatment options for operable patients expand, it will be critical to implement rigorous surveillance paradigms across all modalities.
Trend of influenza vaccine Facebook posts in last 4 years: a content analysis.

Background Decreasing immunization rates may be partly due to antivaccine campaigns and other sources of misinformation available on social media, particularly on Facebook. Given the potential impact of this medium for communicating vaccine-related information, it is important to analyze the trend of information available on Facebook. Methods We searched Facebook on August 15, 2018 to obtain posts containing relevant health information on influenza vaccine in years 2015-2018. We collected information regarding nature of the post (eg, pro-, antivaccine, and informational), number of shares and likes received, and ease of reading for each post. We evaluated these characteristics by year and type of post in our exploratory analyses. Results The proportion of pro-vaccine posts has increased compared to antivaccine and informational posts since 2016. There was no correlation between ease of reading and popularity of posts. Although the language of antivaccine posts was complex, they were shared and liked more than pro-vaccine posts. The pro-vaccine personal post by a nurse was the most popular in our study (shared over 46,000 times) in 2018. Conclusions Though the number of pro-vaccine posts increased, antivaccine posts remained more popular. The government agency may use an emotive personal family-oriented message to promote vaccination.
Technology-Based Closed-Loop Tracking for Improving Communication and Follow-up of Pathology Results

Objective Failure to follow-up on laboratory test results can lead to missed diagnoses, diagnostic delays, patient harm, and potential malpractice claims against providers. State-of-the-art tracking technologies such as the radio frequency identification (RFID) can potentially improve laboratory order processing and test result communication. We conducted a comparative evaluation of differences in completion rates for 5 testing process milestones and time to reach these process milestones, with and without RFID order tracking for skin biopsy orders. Methods This observational study analyzed 48,515 orders from 20 dermatology providers, sent to 8 pathology laboratories in 2016 to 2017. Descriptive t tests and multiple Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to examine the differences in completion rates and times to the 5 testing process milestones, namely, (1) provider receipt of results, (2) provider review of results, (3) patient notification, (4) follow-up scheduling, and (5) order case closure, for orders processed with and without RFID order tracking. Results Descriptive statistics illustrated that all 5 testing process milestone completion rates were statistically higher for RFID tracked orders compared with non-RFID tracked orders, and RFID tracked orders took 3 to 5 days lesser than non-RFID tracked orders to reach the 5 testing process milestones. Multiple cox proportional hazard regressions showed that the process milestones were achieved faster if orders were RFID tracked versus not (hazard ratios ranged from 1.3 to 4.9). Conclusions The RFID tracking technology considerably improved test result communication timeliness and reliability. Such technologies can be beneficial for laboratory order processing, and their effectiveness should be explored in other practice settings.
Laryngeal manifestations in acromegaly: a systematic review of the literature

Laryngeal involvement in acromegaly is a rare occurrence that has been reported in several case reports. The aim of this paper is to present a clinical case followed by a systematic review of the l...
FMRP Links Optimal Codons to mRNA stability in Neurons

Abstract Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by inactivation of the FMR1 gene and loss of encoded FMRP, an RNA binding protein that represses translation of some of its target transcripts. Here we use ribosome profiling and RNA-seq to investigate the dysregulation of translation in the mouse brain cortex. We find that most changes in ribosome occupancy on hundreds of mRNAs are largely driven by dysregulation in transcript abundance. Many downregulated mRNAs, which are mostly responsible for neuronal and synaptic functions, are highly enriched for FMRP binding targets. RNA metabolic labeling demonstrates that in FMRP-deficient cortical neurons, mRNA downregulation is caused by elevated degradation, and is correlated with codon optimality. Moreover, FMRP preferentially binds mRNAs with optimal codons, suggesting that it stabilizes such transcripts through direct interactions via the translational machinery. Finally, we show that the paradigm of genetic rescue of FXS-like phenotypes in FMRP-deficient mice by deletion of the Cpeb1 gene is mediated by restoration of steady state RNA levels and consequent rebalancing of translational homeostasis. Our data establish an essential role of FMRP in codon optimality-dependent mRNA stability as an important factor in FXS.
Implementing the pyramid model in a turnaround elementary school

Intervention efforts in turnaround elementary schools in the U.S. have focused on academic interventions, missing the important link between students’ social emotional competence and academic outco...
Continuity during COVID: Critical digital pedagogy and special collections virtual instruction

When the world began to take notice of the growing risks of COVID-19 in early spring 2020, the University of South Florida Libraries–Tampa Special Collections shifted to virtual instruction session...
Highly stereoselective syntheses of (E)-δ-boryl-anti-homoallylic alcohols via allylation with α-boryl-(E)-crotylboronate

A highly stereoselective synthesis of (E)-δ-boryl-anti-homoallylic alcohols is developed. In the presence of a Lewis acid, aldehyde allylation with α-boryl-(E)-crotylboronate gave δ-boryl-anti-homoallylic alcohols in good yields with excellent E-selectivity. The E-vinylboronate group in the products provides a useful handle for cross-coupling reactions as illustrated in the fragment synthesis of chaxamycins.
Fixed angle device comparison in young femoral neck fractures: Dynamic hip screw vs dynamic helical hip system.

Abstract Introduction Femoral neck fractures in the young patient present a unique challenge. Most surgeons managing these injuries prefer a fixed angle implant, however these devices are fraught with problems. A dynamic hip screw (DHS) is one such fixed angle device that risks malreduction through rotational torque during screw insertion. To avoid this risk some surgeons utilize a dynamic helical hip system (DHHS), however little is known about the complication profile of this device. We hypothesized that the complication rate between these two devices would be similar. Patients and Methods All patients presenting to a single tertiary referral center with a femoral neck fracture were identified from a prospectively collected trauma database over an 11-year period. Patients were included if they were less than 60 years of age, treated with a DHS or DHHS, and had at least 6 months of follow-up. Demographic data, injury characteristics, and post-operative complications were obtained through chart review. Standard statistical comparisons were made between groups. A total of 77 patients met inclusion criteria. Results Average age of patients was 38 years (range: 18–59) and 56 (73%) were male. The DHS was used in 37 (48%) patients and the DHHS was used in 40 (52%) patients. Demographic data including average age, gender, body mass index, and smoking status did not differ between the groups. There were 29 (39%) total complications of interest (femoral neck shortening >5 mm, non-union requiring osteotomy, conversion to THA, and osteonecrosis. There were 19 (51%) complications in the DHS group and 10 (25%) in the DHHS group (p = 0.01, risk difference 25%, 95% CI 7–43). Comparisons of the individual complications about the DHS and DHHS cohort did not reach statistical significance for non-union (8% vs 3%) or THA (16% vs 13%) (p = 0.33, p = 0.64, respectively) but a difference was detected in the rate of shortening (27% vs 10%; p = 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrates a high risk of complication when managing young femoral neck fractures in line with prior literature. The major complication rate of non-union requiring osteotomy or fixation failure resulting in THA was no different between the two groups, but the rate of shortening was greater the DHS group. This data suggests the DHHS may be a suitable device to manage the young femoral neck fracture and without increased risk of complication.
Primary Mental Abilities

One of the earliest accomplishments of the science of psychology was the objective measurement of mental abilities. In 1904, the British psychologist Charles Spearman argued that intelligence could be characterized as comprising a general factor (g), common to all meaningful activity, and of specific factors (s) that are unique to the different tasks used to measure intelligence. Binet and Simon (1905) in France and Terman (1916) in the United States introduced test instruments that applied the concept of general intelligence. However, American psychologists engaged in educational and occupational selection activities found the concept of general intelligence not very useful for predicting success in specific jobs or other life roles. In addition, the work of Thorndike and Woodworth (1901) on transfer of training had suggested that the notion of generalizability of a single ability dimension was not justified. Keywords: abstract intelligence; clerical aptitude testing; factor analysis; Schaie Thurstone Adult Mental Abilities Test (STAMAT); structure of intellect model; testing methods
Life-Threatening Intracranial Hemorrhage With Unexpectedly High Prothrombin Time Following Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis

Effective thromboprophylaxis with low-dose subcutaneous heparin has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality. Low-dose prophylactic heparin usually has very low bleeding risk and therefore, prothrombin time (PTT) monitoring or dose adjustment according to age, weight and renal function is not recommended. Life-threatening hemorrhage and markedly elevated PTT with prophylactic heparin is a very rare complication. An 86-year-old woman was admitted with urinary tract infection (UTI) and started on 5,000 U subcutaneous heparin three times a day. Patient condition improved but on day 3, she developed sudden onset of headache, confusion and drowsiness. CT of head showed massive intracranial bleed with midline shift. Craniotomy was done and hematoma was evacuated. PT/INR was normal but PTT was significantly prolonged. Rest of laboratory investigations were inconclusive which ruled out other important causes of elevated PTT and bleeding. Patient was given protamine sulphate and transfused fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells and platelets. Patient condition deteriorated and family decided to withdraw life support. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis may be complicated by hemorrhage especially in high risk patients. Heparin should be used cautiously and its effect should be monitored in such patients. Though low-dose unfractioned heparin thrice daily has been found to be superior to twice daily heparin in preventing thromboembolism, bleeding risk is higher. J Med Cases. 2015;6(7):313-317 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2193w
Music in MATLAB: A series of programming challenges for an introductory course

Students often find introductory programming a difficult new world. To help motivate students there are many examples of courses using robotics or graphics to provide a more concrete result for programming exercises. MATLAB's ability to output a time series to the sound card of a PC provides an opportunity for problems that create sounds and music instead of numbers. This approach requires little or no equipment to implement. Project challenges involving the creation and analysis of sound were developed to illustrate engineering and programming concepts in an introductory Engineering Computer Tools Course. Easily implemented in MATLAB by first-year students, these challenges include structured programming, graphing, file manipulation, and simple analysis of sound waves. Problems where developed that illustrate almost all aspects of the course from a script that plays a very simple tune through a general song player that reads a data file containing the note names, durations, and amplitudes. This player requires the use of different data types, loops, conditionals, and sub-functions. In addition to developing students understanding of computer manipulations they are introduced to a range of important engineering topics including: waves, sampling, digital representation of analog phenomenon, sound, signal processing, analog/digital conversion, and bit resolution. These projects have added an interesting and memorable variation into the course. The students have found these projects challenging and it has been important to develop aids for them working with sound. Particularly important is providing materials to help students who have little or no musical training. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 67–76, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20201
The Parkinson’s disease associated protein, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), is an authentic GTPase that stimulates kinase activity

Abstract Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the leading cause of autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD). LRRK2, a member of the ROCO protein family, contains both Ras GTPase-like (Roc) and kinase (MAPKKK) domains, as well as other functional motifs. Here, we have identified LRRK2 as the first mammalian ROCO protein that is an authentic and functional GTPase, defined by the ability to bind GTP and undergo intrinsic GTP hydrolysis. Furthermore, the Roc domain is sufficient for this native GTPase activity and binds and hydrolyzes GTP indistinguishably from the Ras-related small GTPase, Rac1. The PD-associated mutation, R1441C, located within the Roc domain, leads to an increase in LRRK2 kinase activity and a decrease in the rate of GTP hydrolysis, compared to the wild-type protein, in an in vitro assay. This finding suggests that the R1441C mutation may help stabilize an activated state of LRRK2. Additionally, LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation is stimulated upon binding of non-hydrolyzable GTP analogs, suggesting that LRRK2 is an MAPKKK-activated intramolecularly by its own GTPase. Since GTPases and MAPKKKs are upstream regulators of multiple signal transduction cascades, LRRK2 may play a central role in integrating pathways involved in neuronal cell signaling and the pathogenesis of PD.
A Rapid High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Assay of Benoxaprofen in Plasma

Abstract A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of the anti-inflammatory drug benoxaprofen in human plasma, is described. Plasma samples of 1.0 ml, to which benoxaprofen, and warfarin as an internal standard, had been added, were extracted with ether under acidic conditions. The samples were analyzed on a MicroPak CN-10 column using 25% acetonitrile in water (pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid). Detection was made on a variable wavelength UV absorbance detector at 309 nm. Samples containing 0.5–10 μg benoxaprofen gave a mean extraction recovery from control plasma of 90.6 ± 6.8% (n=18). Stability tests have shown that benoxaprofen in plasma is stable for at least two weeks after freezing.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in the Composition and Biomass of Algae Present in Selected California Rice Fields

ABSTRACT We sampled eight California rice fields every two days from May 1 to June 1, 2004 for algal biomass, species composition, and water quality parameters. Soil samples were collected prior to filling the fields with water and analyzed for selected nutrients. Algal abundance shifted from dominance by genera of green algae (Sphaeroplea, Tribonema, Ankistrodesmus, Tetraspora) and diatoms (Navicula) early in May to dominance by blue-green algae genera (almost totally Nostoc, with Anabaena and Phormidium also present) in late May-early June The same taxa occurred in all the fields at around the same time. The most abundant species consistent with the description “black algae” collected from these fields was Nostoc spongiaeforme. Results from multiple regression analysis showed that algal biomass was negatively related to total alkalinity and sulfate concentration, and positively related to the N: P ratio and the concentrations of ammonium, phosphate, sodium, and calcium. These variables explained 51% of ...
Stereopsis in normal infants and infants with congenital esotropia

We used electro-oculographic recordings of eye movement responses to a dynamic random-dot stereogram to assess stereopsis in normal infants and in infants with congenital esotropia. Normal infants showed an onset of stereopsis at about 4 months of age, consistent with previous reports. Four of nine infants with congenital esotropia demonstrated stereopsis when tested within two weeks of surgical alignment. No patient with congenital esotropia showed evidence of stereopsis when tested at a postoperative interval of more than two weeks.
Chronic corticosterone administration modulates nicotine sensitivity and brain nicotinic receptor binding in C3H mice.

Glucocorticoid regulation of nicotine sensitivity was investigated in adrenalectomized (ADX) and sham-operated C3H mice administered chronic corticosterone (CCS) replacement therapy. Hormone pellets (60% CCS or pure cholesterol) were implanted at the time of surgery and animals were tested for nicotine sensitivity in a battery of behavioral and physiological tests. ADX-induced increases in nicotine sensitivity were reversed by chronic CCS replacement. Sham-operated animals that received CCS supplementation were subsensitive to the effects of nicotine. In both ADX and sham-operated animals, chronic CCS administration induced a decrease in the number of CNS nicotinic cholinergic receptors labeled by alpha-[125I]-bungarotoxin. Binding was decreased by 30–60% depending on brain region; no changes in affinity (Kd) were detected. The number of brain nicotinic sites labeled by [3H]-nicotine was unaltered following 1 week of chronic CCS administration. These data support the hypothesis that glucocorticoids modulate nicotine sensitivity in the C3H mouse. In animals chronically treated with CCS, nicotine tolerance may be due to CCS-induced changes in nicotinic cholinergic receptor binding or the presence of high CCS titers at the time of testing.
Fatigue and stroke

Under disabling conditions such as stroke, fatigue may worsen other symptoms and impede full participation in a rehabilitation program. The functional improvement needed to regain mobility and independence may be impacted significantly by fatigue. This article explores the symptom of fatigue and its relation to stroke from a rehabilitation perspective. It examines theoretical models, operational definitions, fatigue as a response to stroke, assessment and measurement instruments, symptom management strategies, and future research directions.
Temperature dependence modeling for MOS VLSI circuit simulation

An accurate and efficient temperature modeling methodology for the semiempirical BSIM (Berkeley short-channel IGFET model) has been developed for MOS VLSI circuit simulation. A sensitive model parameter subset which has large effects on transistor output characteristics is determined from the sensitivity analysis. Updating of model parameter values for this sensitive subset is performed prior to circuit simulation at each given temperature. For a 1.2 mu m CMOS process, the sensitive subset for temperature effects consists of only eight out of the 67 BSIM parameters. Circuit simulation using this sensitive subset approach to predict temperature effects has shown good agreement with experimental data on transistor output characteristics, inverter transfer characteristics, and oscillation frequency of a 31-stage ring oscillator. >
Circulation model for absorption and dispersion in cocurrent bubble columns

Liquid circulation and a finite entrance zone are accounted for in modeling gas absorption into cocurrent flows of pure oxygen and CMC solutions. The new models lead to a Taylor-like correction factor to account for circulation in both absorption and transient dispersion experiments. Steady-state experiments for viscosities of 1, 12, 25 and 50 mPa·s were conducted by measuring dissolved gas concentration profiles along the column axis. Liquid mixing experiments were performed using the transient acid-base neutralization method, leading to measured values of axial dispersion coefficients which depended on viscosity to the power 0.75. Measurements suggest that circulation was minuscule owing to uniform gas injection by Flexisparger in the present column.
Predictors of relapse: Interaction of drinking-related locus of control and reasons for drinking

Abstract Pretreatment scores from the drinking-related locus of control scale (DRIE) and reasons for drinking were investigated as predictors of drinking relapse over a nine-month follow-up in a sample of 232 male alcoholics. A significant relationship was found between reasons for drinking and the probability of relapse, with the lowest relapse rates occuring among patients who identified interpersonal conflicts or positive emotional states as the most important reasons for their pretreatment drinking. Results of a reasons for drinking by relapse status ANOVA on DRIE scores revealed no significant main effects. There was, however, a significant interaction. Among patients who attributed their drinking to negative emotional states, those who either relapsed or were lost to follow-up had significantly more external DRIE scores. Among patients who identified negative physical states (i.e., craving) as their primary reason for drinking, relapse or attrition was associated with significantly more internal DRIE scores. Results support assessment of these cognitive social learning constructs for differential treatment planning with patients at increased risk of relapse.
Effects of Training on Speech Recognition Performance in Noise Using Lexically Hard Words

Purpose This study examined how repeated presentations of lexically difficult words within a background noise affect a listener’s ability to understand both trained (lexically difficult) and untrai...
On the Transformations between Temporal and Spatial Growth Rates.

Abstract This note compares the error distributions for three transformation formulae between temporal growth rate and spatial growth rate with the linearized barotropic vorticity equation. The sech2 and the tanh basic-state profiles are used for illustration. The transformation which uses the phase velocity gives a moderate error which does not have a strong dependence on the growth rate. The formulae derived by Gaster, and later by Nayfeh and Padhye, which employ the group velocity, have errors that are a function of the ratio of the spatial growth rate to the wavenumber. The errors from their formulae are small when the ratio is small, but the errors increase with the ratio so that all three transformation formulae give similar errors when the ratio is of order one. Nayfeh and Padhye's formula is rederived for the barotropic vorticity equation with a procedure which shows that ratio of growth rate to wavenumber must be small for accuracy.