cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DESENSITIZATION OF THE ACTIN POLYMERIZATION RESPONSE IN HUMAN NEUTROPHILS AT LOW CELL DENSITY

Many chemoattractant-activated responses in neutrophils show transient kinetics, suggesting that rapid desensitization occurs during the time course of the response. We found that desensitization of the actin polymerization response to N-formyl peptides is, in a large part, due to inhibition by adenosine released from cells to the medium and depletion or a chemical inactivation of the agonist. To reduce the influence of these factors, we stimulated neutrophils in a very diluted suspension, sometimes with continuous replacement of the medium. The actin polymerization response to a high agonist concentration was greatly enhanced and prolonged under these conditions, often without any tendency to subside within 10 min at 25 degrees C. It has previously been shown that the N-formyl peptide receptor converts from a rapidly dissociating to a slowly dissociating and presumably inactive form during activation. Under the conditions of low cell concentration, the conversion to a slowly dissociating receptor still occurred. Thus the prolonged response was not due to prolonged presence of rapidly dissociating receptors. We conclude either that a low number of rapidly dissociating receptors, which we failed to see, is sufficient to maintain actin polymerization or that slowly dissociating receptors can support the actin response. In contrast to responses stimulated by high agonist concentrations, the responses to low concentrations of the agonists were transient. The results of other authors indicate that low concentrations of N-formyl peptides do not desensitize the receptors. Other mechanisms, which are specific for the actin polymerization response, must be involved in response termination to low concentrations of N-formyl peptides. Activation at low cell density will be a useful approach for studying other processes (Ca2+ elevation, oxidant production, etc.) and chemoattractants (leukotriene B4, interleukin 8, etc.) for which an understanding of the kinetics due to desensitization of the components of the receptor-mediated activation pathway is desired.
Sustainable Roadway Design and Construction in Federal Lands Highway Program

The Federal Lands Highway (FLH) Program is a $1 billion annual program administered by FHWA. The program provides financial resources and technical assistance for public roads that give access to a variety of federal and Indian lands, including those administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs. Much of this work is dedicated to the design and construction of roadway projects, which must incorporate the strategic sustainability values of these agencies and FHWA. This paper identifies key FLH sustainability values and uses the Greenroads rating system taxonomy and Greenroads scores on seven case study projects to draw conclusions about FLH project-level sustainability practices. Findings are that (a) projects scored in the 21- to 26-point range and none achieved certification, (b) 14 identifiable sustainability practices are well integrated into project delivery, (c) 12 practices can be considered potential areas of improvement for little additional effort, and (d) 15 practices could be considered priorities based on FHWA and partner agency values.
Cyclic Nucleotide–Gated Channels Colocalize with Adenylyl Cyclase in Regions of Restricted Camp Diffusion

Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous second messenger that coordinates diverse cellular functions. Current methods for measuring cAMP lack both temporal and spatial resolution, leading to the pervasive notion that, unlike Ca2+, cAMP signals are simple and contain little information. Here we show the development of adenovirus-expressed cyclic nucleotide–gated channels as sensors for cAMP. Homomultimeric channels composed of the olfactory α subunit responded rapidly to jumps in cAMP concentration, and their cAMP sensitivity was measured to calibrate the sensor for intracellular measurements. We used these channels to detect cAMP, produced by either heterologously expressed or endogenous adenylyl cyclase, in both single cells and cell populations. After forskolin stimulation, the endogenous adenylyl cyclase in C6-2B glioma cells produced high concentrations of cAMP near the channels, yet the global cAMP concentration remained low. We found that rapid exchange of the bulk cytoplasm in whole-cell patch clamp experiments did not prevent the buildup of significant levels of cAMP near the channels in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells expressing an exogenous adenylyl cyclase. These results can be explained quantitatively by a cell compartment model in which cyclic nucleotide–gated channels colocalize with adenylyl cyclase in microdomains, and diffusion of cAMP between these domains and the bulk cytosol is significantly hindered. In agreement with the model, we measured a slow rate of cAMP diffusion from the whole-cell patch pipette to the channels (90% exchange in 194 s, compared with 22–56 s for substances that monitor exchange with the cytosol). Without a microdomain and restricted diffusional access to the cytosol, we are unable to account for all of the results. It is worth noting that in models of unrestricted diffusion, even in extreme proximity to adenylyl cyclase, cAMP does not reach high enough concentrations to substantially activate PKA or cyclic nucleotide–gated channels, unless the entire cell fills with cAMP. Thus, the microdomains should facilitate rapid and efficient activation of both PKA and cyclic nucleotide–gated channels, and allow for local feedback control of adenylyl cyclase. Localized cAMP signals should also facilitate the differential regulation of cellular targets.
Addressable test ports an approach to testing embedded cores

Intellectual property (IP) core reuse is an emerging design style that will significantly accelerate the complexity of ICs. IP cores are predesigned circuit functions that can be selected from a library and integrated into system ICs to quickly provide highly complex silicon solutions. Low cost, efficient testing of system ICs designed with IP cores will be challenging.
Spätzle regulates the shape of the Dorsal gradient in the Drosophila embryo

Dorsal-ventral polarity of the Drosophila embryo is established by a nuclear gradient of Dorsal protein, generated by successive gurken-Egfr and spatzle-Toll signaling. Overexpression of extracellular Spatzle dramatically reshapes the Dorsal gradient: the normal single peak is broadened and then refined to two distinct peaks of nuclear Dorsal, to produce two ventral furrows. This partial axis duplication, which mimics the ventralized phenotype caused by reduced gurken-Egfr signaling, arises from events in the perivitelline fluid of the embryo and occurs at the level of Spatzle processing or Toll activation. The production of two Dorsal peaks is addressed by a model that invokes action of a diffusible inhibitor, which is proposed to normally regulate the slope of the Dorsal gradient.
The Functional Transfer of Genes From the Mitochondria to the Nucleus: The Effects of Selection, Mutation, Population Size and Rate of Self-Fertilization

The transfer of mitochondrial genes to the nucleus is a recurrent and consistent feature of eukaryotic genome evolution. Although many theories have been proposed to explain such transfers, little relevant data exist. The observation that clonal and self-fertilizing plants transfer more mitochondrial genes to their nuclei than do outcrossing plants contradicts predictions of major theories based on nuclear recombination and leaves a gap in our conceptual understanding how the observed pattern of gene transfer could arise. Here, with a series of deterministic and stochastic simulations, we show how epistatic selection and relative mutation rates of mitochondrial and nuclear genes influence mitochondrial-to-nuclear gene transfer. Specifically, we show that when there is a benefit to having a mitochondrial gene present in the nucleus, but absent in the mitochondria, self-fertilization dramatically increases both the rate and the probability of gene transfer. However, absent such a benefit, when mitochondrial mutation rates exceed those of the nucleus, self-fertilization decreases the rate and probability of transfer. This latter effect, however, is much weaker than the former. Our results are relevant to understanding the probabilities of fixation when loci in different genomes interact.
Skeletal Plasmacytoma: Progression of disease and impact of local treatment; an analysis of SEER database

Previous reports suggest an as yet unidentifiable subset of patients with plasmacytoma will progress to myeloma. The current study sought to establish the risk of developing myeloma and determine the prognostic factors affecting the progression of disease. Patients with plasmacytoma diagnosed between 1973 and 2005 were identified in the SEER database(1164 patients). Patient demographics and clinical characteristics, treatment(s), cause of death, and survival were extracted. Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, and Cox regression were used to analyze prognostic factors. The five year survival among patients initially diagnosed with plasmacytoma that later progressed to multiple myeloma and those initially diagnosed with multiple myeloma were almost identical (25% and 23%; respectively). Five year survival for patients with plasmacytoma that did not progress to multiple myeloma was significantly better (72%). Age > 60 years was the only factor that correlated with progression of disease (p = 0.027). Plasmacytoma consists of two cohorts of patients with different overall survival; those patients that do not progress to systemic disease and those that develop myeloma. Age > 60 years is associated with disease progression. Identifying patients with systemic disease early in the treatment will permit aggressive and novel treatment strategies to be implemented.
Finite Element Model of Fluid Flow inside a Micro-Thruster

Microchannel based propulsion systems have come in handy in development of precise control and maneuvering of small spacecrafts. However it is difficult to predict the performance of the microthrusters numerically since the standard assumptions of using Navier Stokes equations break down at micro scale. A two-dimensional finite element based macroscopic model is currently being developed to incorporate the effect of slip boundary conditions as well as transition regime for reasonably high Knudsen number flow inside a microthruster. This paper documents the status of this development and will address relevant numerical issues. As a first case, a Si-micromachined solid propellant based converging-diverging microthruster nozzle, manufactured at LAASCNRS, is modeled for high temperature application using no-slip continuum. While the 2-D results obtained by this simulation are comparable to the 1-D results published in the literature, the 2-D model shows better flow details and predicts significantly higher thrust. The model is further examined for a cold microthruster of similar nozzle geometry by implementing the slip wall boundary with temperature jump wall condition for higher Knudsen Number.
Learning from a lecture: Effects of comprehension monitoring.

Abstract The effects of explicit instruction in how to take notes during a lecture were investigated. Subjects were college freshmen enrolled in a developmental reading class at a major southeastern university. Six sections of the class were randomly assigned to three treatment conditions: explicit instruction in notetaking, explicit instruction with self‐questioning, and a control group. Dependent measures included an immediate assessment of quality of notes, a multiple‐choice test on the content of the lecture, and a student‐generated summary of the content of the lecture. Delayed measures in the form of a multiple‐choice test and a student‐generated summary were also administered. Results lend preliminary support for providing explicit instruction with a self‐questioning strategy in how to take notes from a lecture. This approach was effective in improving quality of notes and immediate comprehension of lecture information with low performing college freshmen. Future research should focus on replicatio...
Thermodynamics of Solid-Fluid Interfaces

Solid-fluid interfaces differ from fluid-fluid interfaces because a solid can be strained elastically. Surface area can change by stretching and by addition of new surface, each process giving rise to surface stress. Interfacial energy and adsorption can be referenced to the area of either the unstrained crystal surface or its actual strained surface. Interfacial free energy of crystal-fluid interfaces is anisotropic, consistent with crystal symmetry, and can be described by a vector field known as the ξ -vector; its normal component is the surface free energy and its tangential component measures the change of energy with surface orientation. A small crystal can acquire an equilibrium shape that has facets and missing orientations and minimizes its surface energy. This shape can be computed from the Wulff construction or the ξ -vector. A large crystal surface can develop facets to minimize its energy. We derive Herring’s formula for the equilibrium potential on a curved crystal surface.
Clinical Trials: Some General Considerations

Trials might be compared to the famous little girl with a curl in the middle of her forehead. You recall that when she was good, she was very, very good, but when she was bad, she was horrid. There is no more useful vehicle in all of clinical medicine than an effective, well-designed, well-analyzed trial. There is also, however, an abundance of very bad trials that waste our resources and time and yield few answers.
Variations in the Pricing of LDC Syndicated Loans

Paper provides a discrete trade off model for comparing loan size to interest rates in lending to third world publicly traded foreign corporations. The model and its coefficients are applied to four large Latin American borrowers in Mexico and Brazil. It is apparent that borrowers can extract different loan terms from lenders in different countries. For example, TELMEX can borrow twice as much from a Japanese lender as from an American lender for a given interest rate increase. CEMEX, on the other hand, borrows about the same from American and German banks as from Japanese banks. These differing borrowing terms are due to differences in systematic risk and risk premium across different lender countries. Finally, the model shows that the "price" of an increase in financial leverage of 5-10% is equivalent to about a 1/16% increase in interest rate
Accelerators for Latex. Water-Soluble Vs. Water-Insoluble

Abstract The data presented in this paper support the following conclusions : Little, if any, accelerator is lost when rubber latex compounds containing water-soluble accelerators are applied to porous surfaces. The indirect method of analysis used is sensitive enough to detect any appreciable loss of accelerator, and would have detected any loss large enough to have practical importance. The fact that films from a rubber latex compound, made by casting on a porous plate, have lower moduli and tensile strengths and are less resistant to aging than films made by casting on a glass plate, is apparently due to the physical nature of the porous plate.
The Potential Costs of Police Databases: Exploring the Performance of California's Gang Database (CalGang)

Informatics and databases used to track crime are an increasing part of crime prevention strategies and hold promise for identifying individuals likely to be involved in crime so they can be more easily tracked to prevent future crimes. This article uses cost analysis techniques to explore the utility of California's gang prevention database (CalGang) from 1997 to 2010. Costs included the primary operating costs of the database and secondary costs associated with Type I and Type II errors. CalGang tracks more than 235,000 individuals implicated in gang activity statewide. Although the primary costs of operating the database were relatively low, secondary costs resulting from errors were much larger and led to an overall greater cost to society. In addition, it appears that CalGang has not been successful in reducing the rate of gang-related crime in Los Angeles. Resources for CalGang may be better spent on other crime prevention activities that are less costly to society and lead to greater prevention.
Survival Following Heart Transplantation in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

s S177 patients who received an axial or centrifugal flow LVAD as compared to those who went directly to transplant. Methods: Ninety-seven patients underwent orthotopic heart transplant between January 2008 and October 2013. We performed a retrospective analysis of post transplant outcomes in patients with and without an isolated continuous flow LVAD as BTT. Patients with a permanent RVAD, pulsatile LVAD, re-transplant or dual-organ transplants were excluded. Eighty four patients were included in this analysis. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics and post transplant outcomes between the groups. Conclusion: There was no difference in post transplant outcomes in patients bridged to transplant with an LVAD compared to those who went directly to transplant. There appeared to be a trend toward improved survival in the axial flow group and increased incidence of rejection in the centrifugal flow LVAD group. These findings should be further evaluated in future studies. Baseline Characteristics at Time of Transplant Axial Flow VAD n= 40 Centrifugal Flow VAD n= 16 Direct Transplant n= 28 p Age 54.9 ± 11.8 52.5±13.5 54.0±16.3 0.83 Gender (% male, n) 80% (32) 63% (10) 64% (18) 0.25 Race (% Caucasian, n) 53% (21) 69% (11) 57% (16) 0.54 BMI 28.0 ± 5.5 27.7 ± 6.0 26.4 ± 4.2 0.46 Diagnosis (% ICM, n) 35% (14) 38% (6) 36% (10) 0.99 1A Status at time of Transplant 80% (32) 81% (13) 64% (18) 0.28 Duration of LVAD support (days) 380 ± 252 296 ± 258 *** 0.12 Induction therapy 13% (5) 6% (1) 7% (2) 0.67 Post Transplant Outcomes Axial Flow VAD, n= 40 Centrifugal Flow VAD, n= 16 Direct Transplant, n= 28 p Length of stay after transplant (days) 17.6 ± 15.7 20.9 ± 14.6 18.5 ± 9.8 0.74 30 day survival 98% (39) 94% (15) 100% (28) 0.42 1 year survival 98% (39) 88% (14) 93% (26) 0.34 Incidence of rejection in the first year 28% (11) 38% (6) 25% (7) 0.06
Are Menopausal Women with Epilepsy at Higher Risk for Mood Disorders and Suicide Risk? (P01.043)

Objective: To compare the prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders and suicide risk in premenopausal and menopausal women with epilepsy. Background The risk for mood and anxiety disorders during the menopause period among women with epilepsy have not been systematically investigated. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with epilepsy is higher than the general population. During the menopausal transition women are at increased risk for depression. Thus, we hypothesize that psychiatric co-morbidities are higher in menopausal women with epilepsy as well. Design/Methods: Women with epilepsy admitted to the Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Monitoring Unit were invited to participate. Subjects were interviewed by a psychiatrist or neurologist using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI), which is a validated and standardized psychiatric diagnostic interview. The study was IRB approved. Statistical analysis was descriptive as the study is on going. Results: Fifty five women with epilepsy participated. Subjects had a mean age of 39 year (19-67); 80% were Caucasian. Epilepsy classification includes temporal lobe (32%), extra temporal (23%), undefined focal epilepsy (36%), generalized (5%), and multifocal (2%). Average seizure frequency was 77 per 6 months and the average age of epilepsy onset was 24. In regards to AED, majority of patients were on polytherapy (84%). Based on MINI, 27% women met criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), 9% generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and 34.5% had suicidal ideation. Compared to premenopausal women, menopausal women experienced a higher prevalence of MDD (34.7% vs. 22%), GAD (13% vs. 6%), and suicide ideation (39% vs. 31%). Conclusions: This study suggests that menopausal women with epilepsy have a higher prevalence of MDD, GAD, and suicide ideation compared with premenopausal women. Further investigation on the psychiatric effects of menopause in this population is needed to increase awareness and enhance quality of patient care. Disclosure: Dr. Patel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Foldvary-Schaefer has received personal compensation for activities with Jazz Pharma and UCB Pharma. Dr. Foldvary-Schaefer has received research support from UCB Pharma, CleveMed, and Lundbeck. Dr. Jehi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tesar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Viguera has nothing to disclose.
Conditional Solvation Thermodynamics of Isoleucine in Model Peptides and the Limitations of the Group-Transfer Model

The hydration thermodynamics of the amino acid X relative to the reference G (glycine) or the hydration thermodynamics of a small-molecule analog of the side chain of X is often used to model the contribution of X to protein stability and solution thermodynamics. We consider the reasons for successes and limitations of this approach by calculating and comparing the conditional excess free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of hydration of the isoleucine side chain in zwitterionic isoleucine, in extended penta-peptides, and in helical deca-peptides. Butane in gauche conformation serves as a small-molecule analog for the isoleucine side chain. Parsing the hydrophobic and hydrophilic contributions to hydration for the side chain shows that both of these aspects of hydration are context-sensitive. Furthermore, analyzing the solute–solvent interaction contribution to the conditional excess enthalpy of the side chain shows that what is nominally considered a property of the side chain includes entirely nonobvious co...
Studies of the Effect of Various Gas Species on Si-SiO2 Interface Charges and Surface Roughness for Rapid Thermal Deposited Gate Oxides

The formation of Si-SiO 2 interfaces for 40–60A rapid thermal CVD (RTCVD) MOS gate oxides has been studied, using cluster tool technology. SiH 4 /N 2 O chemistry is used to deposit stoichiometric oxides. In-situ thermal treatments, prior to oxide deposition, typically at 800–900°C, 30–60 sec, and 50 Torr. are conducted using O 2 , N 2 O, SiH 4 , NH 3 , HCl/N 2 and HCl/O 2 . The effect of gas flow ratios during temperature ramp-up for RTCVD interface formation is also studied. This paper presents a new quick-turnaround approach for non-destructive evaluation of Si-SiO 2 interface quality for fully fabricated devices, in terms of interface charges and surface roughness.
Pneumococcal peritonitis—A forgotten disease?

In 1923 McCartney separated ‘primary’ pneumococcal peritonitis from peritonitis secondary to a pneumococcal lesion elsewhere, usually in the lungs. McCartney believed that primary pneumococcal peritonitis was an ascending infection from the vagina and occurred exclusively in females. It seems to be unrecognized that pneumococcal peritonitis still occurs. However, during the past 11½ years (1965 to June 1976, inclusive) we have encountered 17 cases of pneumococcal peritonitis. Patients with an underlying disease, such as nephritis, have been excluded. In 14 cases a pneumococcus was isolated from peritoneal exudate and in 3 cases on blood culture. There were 6 primary cases, 4 of which occurred in girls, aged 4–9 yr. Six cases were secondary to appendicitis, which also occurred mainly in children (4 boys and 1 girl). The remaining 5 cases had peritonitis secondary to a perforated duodenal ulcer or a twisted ovarian cyst (1 case each), or clinical details were insufficient for classification. No instance of peritonitis complicating pneumonia was recognized. All 6 cases of primary peritonitis were caused by serotype 1. This high incidence of type 1 is striking because type 1 pneumococci were isolated from only 16 of 294 cases (5%) of acute pneumococcal infections studied in Sydney in 1965–9. In peritonitis secondary to appendicitis, 4 pneumococcal types were met (1, 14, 15 and 19). During the 1920s pneumococcal peritonitis had a high mortality rate; thus only 2 of McCartney's 10 cases survived. Because this infection responds readily to penicillin G, it should now be rarely fatal.
Einfluss von Ölabstreifringen auf den Ölverbrauch

Aufgrund des steigenden Umweltbewusstseins werden an Verbrennungskraftmaschinen standig hohere Anforderungen bezuglich Verbesserungen des Kraftstoffverbrauches und der Abgasemissionen gestellt. Ein wichtiger Punkt hierbei ist die Verringerung des Schmierolverbrauchs der Motoren. Federal-Mogul Burscheid GmbH, vormals Goetze AG, leistet hierzu einen wichtigen Beitrag durch Optimierungen und Neuentwicklungen von Olabstreifringen. Die erforderlichen Erkenntnisse uber das Funktionsverhalten werden an den eigenen Motorenprufstanden erarbeitet.
General Approach to the Synthesis of the Chlorosulfolipids Danicalipin A, Mytilipin A, and Malhamensilipin A in Enantioenriched Form

A second-generation synthesis of three structurally related chlorosulfolipids has been developed. Key advances include highly stereocontrolled additions to α,β-dichloroaldehydes, kinetic resolutions of complex chlorinated vinyl epoxide intermediates, and Z-selective alkene cross metatheses of cis-vinyl epoxides. This strategy facilitated the synthesis of enantioenriched danicalipin A, mytilipin A, and malhamensilipin A in nine, eight, and 11 steps, respectively.
Case review series: large synovial out-pouching as a rare complication in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Aims Large synovial out-pouching is a rare complication in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). This case series aims to review the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and investigation of this rare complication. Methods Retrospective review of the clinical notes and diagnostic procedures of five patients with a diagnosis of JIA and large synovial out-pouching. Results The authors reviewed the case notes of five patients with large synovial out-pouching from our cohort of patients with JIA. Three patients had a diagnosis of JIA systemic onset, one patient had JIA oligoarthritis and one patient had JIA undifferentiated arthritis. Two patients with systemic onset had large out-pouching from the hips. The 3rd patient with systemic onset had it from both hips, from both shoulders and from the ankle. The patient with oligoarthritis had it from the shoulder and the patient with undifferentiated arthritis had it from the knee. Other diagnoses in the patients were short stature, immunosupression, chronic anterior uveitis and diplegic cerebral palsy. Three patients presented with sudden non-tender swelling over the affected joint. One patient presented with pain of the affected joints. Another patient presented with restriction of movements of the affected joints. Three patients have had joint injections 1 to 4 months before the diagnosis of the large synovial out-pouching. All but one had a diagnostic MRI with gadolinium. One was diagnosed by USS. USS was the first imaging tool used but did not always help establish the diagnosis. Conclusions Large synovial out-pouching may occur in any type of JIA. It tends to present suddenly and it is important to differentiate from other causes of sudden swelling. We have only described large synovial out-pouching in large joints. Previous joint injections may or may not be related to the appearance of the large out-pouching. MRI with gadolinium is the most accurate diagnostic investigation.
Study on the Chinese Toon Tree's Over-wintering Mode of Greenhouse in the High Cold Area

In order to solve the winter of the greenhouse toon in the cold area,we tested the experiment in 2007.The results showed that to poured water in the autumn,cut the toon tree's bough 10 cm,overlying a plastic film to the second floor of the winter was sure can be solved toon to annual output can reached 6 500.0 kg/hm2.
The Pathogenesis, Prediction, and Prevention of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

The past decade has seen great advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of IDDM. This knowledge has led to investigate use of a battery of immunologic, genetic, and metabolic tests for identifying people with prediabetes. Therapies designed to arrest autoimmunity have been associated with incomplete responses and the complications of immunosuppression. Ultimately, we hope that IDDM can be eradicated by inducing tolerance to the diabetogenic autoantigen(s).
Hybrid Techniques for High-Fidelity Physical Simulation of Solids and Fluids

This dissertation presents hybrid algorithms for the simulation of fluids and solids as well as methods for coupling between the two. Physical simulations have become prevelant in computer graphics due to their ability to predict phenomena with too many degrees of freedom for hand animation. Nevertheless, it has been challenging to obtain simulations with sufficiently high quality in a reasonable amount of time, leading to the development of a large variety of geometric representations and simulation algorithms, each suited to a particular class of problems. While this makes choosing and implementing simulation technology difficult, this diversity of techniques results from attempts to balance tradeoffs. This suggests that increased simulation fidelity and efficiency can be obtained by synthesizing hybrid techniques, and this thesis presents examples of such techniques. In addition to algorithmic improvements we also consider the use of distributed memory parallelism (MPI) to improve the tractability of highly detailed simulations. In the first chapters, we concentrate on increasing the fidelity of fluids by reducing numerical dissipation. Truncation error in the solution of the hyperbolic advection equation is reduced by a new unconditionally stable advection method. Two semi-Lagrangian advection steps are combined to obtain second-order accuracy in space and time while also providing a constructive reinterpretation of MacCormack's advection method. To reduce dissipation in smoke, water and explosions, we also present a Lagrangian/Eulerian scheme that couples a Lagrangian vortex particle method with an Eulerian pressure-velocity method. Additionally, we consider coupling Lagrangian deformable and rigid thin shells to Eulerian fluid flows using robust ray casting, fully preventing fluid leaks across the thin boundary. In the next chapters, we discuss simulation of solids using Lagrangian techniques. We introduce improved altitude springs for the simulation of volumetric tetrahedra, which we apply to bending in cloth and torsion in hair. We also introduce a simple mass-spring model for hair simulation that uses tetrahedral simulation techniques for simulating straight and curly strands of hair. For time integration we develop an unconditionally stable fully-implicit linear spring that can be included in a semi-implicit Newmark time integration scheme. For collisions and interactions, we develop a hybrid scheme that uses inexpensive history-based repulsions coupled with more accurate geometric collisions. We also present a method for obtaining accurate friction of deformable objects with collision bodies when a semi-implicit or fully-implicit time evolution approach is used.
Analysis and Reference in the Study of Astronomical Systems

This chapter examines the use of reference and analysis in the study of astronomical systems from Newton to the present day. I begin by noting that Bas van Fraassen pays more attention to theoretical models that do the work of analysis, while Nancy Cartwright and Margaret Morrisson pay more attention to models where the relevant relation is not satisfaction (as between a meta-language and an object-language), but representation (as between a discursive entity and a thing that exists independent of discourse). I then track the use of both kinds of models in Newton’s Principia, Books I and III, and find strategies of juxtaposition, superposition, and unification. In the era after Newton, problems of analysis were addressed by Euler, Lagrange, Laplace and Hamilton, while problems of reference came to the fore in the empirical work of Herschel and Rosse. The tension between reference and analysis also appears in the debates between Hubble and Zwicky, and in the work of Vera Rubin.
INFLUENCE OF SEX ON PLATELET RESPONSE TO ASPIRIN AND TICAGRELOR

Background: Aspirin's benefits for prevention of coronary artery disease differs by sex. While aspirin equally suppresses its target COX-1 in both sexes, platelets in women treated with aspirin retain greater platelet reactivity to COX-1-independent agonists in whole blood. Whether these differences
Abstract WP283: Medical Treatment Matters: Using Headdfirst Results To Enhance The Lessons From The European Hemicraniectomy Trials For Stroke

Introduction: HeADDFIRST was a randomized trial to evaluate the benefit of surgical decompression for brain swelling from large supratentorial cerebral hemispheric infarction (LSCHI). Subsequently,...
Asymmetry costs: effects of wing damage on hovering flight performance in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta

ABSTRACT Flight performance is fundamental to the fitness of flying organisms. Whilst airborne, flying organisms face unavoidable wing wear and wing area loss. Many studies have tried to quantify the consequences of wing area loss to flight performance with varied results, suggesting that not all types of damage are equal and different species may have different means to compensate for some forms of wing damage with little to no cost. Here, we investigated the cost of control during hovering flight with damaged wings, specifically wings with asymmetric and symmetric reductions in area, by measuring maximum load lifting capacity and the metabolic power of hovering flight in hawkmoths ( Manduca sexta ). We found that while asymmetric and symmetric reductions are both costly in terms of maximum load lifting and hovering efficiency, asymmetric reductions are approximately twice as costly in terms of wing area lost. The moths also did not modulate flapping frequency and amplitude as predicted by a hovering flight model, suggesting that the ability to do so, possibly tied to asynchronous versus synchronous flight muscles, underlies the varied responses found in different wing clipping experiments.
Revised sealed tube test procedure for thermal verification of liquid-immersed transformer insulation systems

Abstract Over the last few years, there have been numerous claims that the thermal performance of cellulose can be improved by the presence of ester liquids. However, solid verification of this phenomenon by a recognized, standardized test procedure is still missing. The article will present a summary of different historical studies that suggest some improvement of cellulose when immersed in ester liquids. Inaccuracies of these studies and a shortage of some important data will also be discussed. The recent industry discussion on the actual thermal performance of cellulose in natural or synthetic ester liquids resulted in a need for performing thorough studies on this subject. It was agreed within IEC Technical Committee 14 “Power Transformers”, that comprehensive studies shall be made. It is likely that the sealed tube test methodology discussed in this article could be used for developing more systematic conclusions on cellulose-ester thermal performance. A number of standardized test procedures were proposed in the past for new insulation system thermal evaluation. They included the Lockie Test, sealed tube testing and other laboratory testing methods. The Lockie Test was one method used to verify the higher thermal capability claimed for this new insulation system. However, the method uses complete transformers in the procedure and as such is specific to the individual manufacturer’s design. More recently, the dual temperature test has been proposed and has been shown to be a useful procedure, although the equipment necessary is very specialized and complicated. However, this procedure only tests the wire insulation, although it is still the best procedure for testing a system with widely differing thermal capability between the liquid and the solid insulations. The latest revision of IEEE Std C57.100 defines the Lockie Test procedure along with the dual temperature test and the sealed tube test. The sealed tube test was originally developed only as a means of determining equivalent material substitution and has been maligned in the past as an inadequate laboratory test. As with all simulated accelerated testing, this procedure certainly has its weaknesses. However, the 2011 revision of IEEE Std C57.100 now uses a relative thermal index technique rather than the original absolute method, mitigating one of the most problematic issues with the procedure. This new version also addresses many of the other weaknesses of the original method. The end of life criteria is based on either degree of polymerization (DP) or retained tensile as the determining factor. However, since DP is specific to cellulose products, tensile retention is suggested as the end of life criteria which works universally for almost all solid materials for both power and distribution transformers. An example of a new insulation system based on aramid enhanced cellulose paper immersed in mineral oil will be presented in detail, in order to clarify the procedure of full thermal evaluation following the IEEE Std C57.100-2011 sealed tube test procedure.
Comparison of Hospital Resource Use and Outcomes Among Hospitalists, Primary Care Physicians, and Other Generalists.

Importance A physician’s prior experience caring for a patient may be associated with patient outcomes and care patterns during and after hospitalization. Objective To examine differences in the use of health care resources and outcomes among hospitalized patients cared for by hospitalists, their own primary care physicians (PCPs), or other generalists. Design, Setting, and participants This retrospective study analyzed admissions for the 20 most common medical diagnoses among elderly fee-for-service Medicare patients from January 1 through December 31, 2013. Patients had at least 1 previous encounter with an outpatient clinician within the 365 days before admission, and diagnoses were restricted to the 20 most common diagnosis related groups. Data were collected from Medicare Parts A and B claims data, and outcomes were analyzed from January 1, 2013, through January 31, 2014. Exposures Physician types included hospitalists, PCPs (ie, the physicians who provided a plurality of ambulatory visits in the year preceding admission), or generalists (not the patients’ PCPs). Main Outcomes and Measures Number of in-hospital specialist consultations, length of stay, discharge site, all-cause 7- and 30-day readmission rates, and 30-day mortality. Results A total of 560 651 admissions were analyzed (41.9% men and 59.1% women; mean [SD] age, 80 [8] years). Patients’ physicians were hospitalists in 59.7% of admissions; PCPs, in 14.2%; and other generalists, in 26.1%. Primary care physicians used consultations 3% more (relative risk, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05) and other generalists used consultations 6% more (relative risk, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05-1.07) than hospitalists. Lengths of stay were 12% longer among patients cared for by PCPs (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.11-1.13) and 6% longer among those cared for by other generalists (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05-1.07) compared with patients cared for by hospitalists. However, PCPs were more likely to discharge patients home (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.14; 95% CI, 1.11-1.17), whereas other generalists were less likely to do so (AOR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.96). Relative to hospitalists, patients cared for by PCPs had similar readmission rates at 7 days (AOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-1.01) and 30 days (AOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99-1.04), whereas other generalists’ readmission rates were greater than hospitalists’ rates at 7 (AOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07) and 30 (AOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.03-1.06) days. Patients cared for by PCPs had lower 30-day mortality than patients of hospitalists (AOR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91-0.97), whereas the mortality rate of patients of other generalists was higher (AOR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07-1.12). Conclusions and Relevance A PCP’s prior experience with a patient may be associated with inpatient use of resources and patient outcomes. Patients cared for by their own PCP had slightly longer lengths of stay and were more likely to be discharged home but also were less likely to die within 30 days compared with those cared for by hospitalists or other generalists.
A Generic Pedagogic Model for Academically Based Professional Officer Education

After the end of the Cold War, many European countries cut back so heavily on defense expenditure that they lost their capacity to defend themselves. This resulted in greater need for improved coop ...
Getting back to your roots

One has to chuckle reading Dr Scott-Jupp's endorsement of being a resident on call.1 Or should one sob instead? Of great interest is his and the other respondents' comments about sleeping arrangements. You might have thought that with his obvious dedication, the hospital trust would …
Unaccounted Workload Factor: Game-Day Pitch Counts in High School Baseball Pitchers-An Observational Study.

Background:Throwing injuries are common in high school baseball. Known risk factors include excessive pitch counts, year-round pitching, and pitching with arm pain and fatigue. Despite the evidence...
Promise and Provocation: Humble Reflections on Critical Participatory Action Research for Social Policy:

This essay reflects on the promise and challenges of community-engaged, critical participatory action research (CPAR) hinged to social policy in times of racialized state violence and massive commu...
Seismic risk mitigation of cylindrical electrical equipment with a novel isolation device

Abstract Cylindrical electrical equipment is common in substations and vulnerable in earthquakes. Isolation technique, as an important method to mitigate seismic demand, has attracted less attention in electrical substation. This study aims at filling the knowledge gap by introducing a novel isolation device for cylindrical electrical equipment. The device is a combination of circularly arranged lead alloy isolator units installed at the bottom of equipment. A 1000 kV capacitor voltage transformer is adopted as specimen, and both non-linear time history analysis and shaking table test are incorporated in examining seismic mitigation effect. Probabilistic seismic demand analysis is carried out with two set of ground motions: recorded ground motions with spectral acceleration's corner periods around 0.85 s and scaled ground motions with corner periods around 1.7 s. Results show that for recorded ground motions, the failure probabilities on both flexural moment and displacement demand are lowered significantly; for scaled ground motions, the mitigation on flexural moment demand is significant but the effect on displacement demand is negligible, revealing that mitigation effect on displacement demand is promising but more conditional on properties of input. In shaking table test, a code spectrum compatible wave is adopted as excitation, and results show that the device is successful to reduce the acceleration, displacement and stress responses by more than 50% under a 1.4 × 0.5 g PGA input. Besides mitigation effects on earthquake induced flexural moment and displacement, the isolation device also avoids residual deformation after shaking and does not increase vibration amplitudes under wind. Numerical model of the isolation device is proposed with a validation by shaking table test result, providing a useful tool for parameter design of the device. The isolation technique and device in this paper offer an important option for seismic enhancement of cylindrical equipment in substations.
Adaptation of Pediatric Health Care Transition Guidelines for Use with Youth Heading to College with Mental Illness: Building a Toolkit

Health care transition preparation and planning for youth heading to college with mental health conditions should be integrated into clinical practice in a way that addresses the developmental and treatment needs of youth, supports their families during the transition, and is practical and sustainable for clinicians. In this chapter, health care transition planning, as described in the 2011 clinical consensus document by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American College of Physicians, and the Six Core Elements of Health Care Transition have been adapted and elaborated upon for college-bound students with mental health conditions. A set of office-based transition tools is provided for use in routine practice and includes a Transition Readiness Assessment and Action Plan for Youth Heading to College with a Mental Health Condition, sample transfer of care plans, a sample emergency care plan, and a sample office transition policy. The differences between and value of a Mental Health and Medical Summary versus a Transition Portfolio are noted. Characteristics of this cohort of students, the academic and social demands of college, and features of the college application process have been taken into consideration in the development of this toolkit. Using a structured transition process on a routine basis should allow for more comprehensive transition planning and potential transition success.
Glis3 Regulates Pancreatic ß-Cell Development in Part through Coordination with Other Islet Transcription Factors

Pancreatic β-cells play a central role in regulating glucose homeostasis. One prominent regulator of both β-cell fate and function is Glis3, a transcription factor with both co-activating and co-repressive roles. Both humans and mice lacking a functional copy of Glis3 are diabetic from birth, with a near complete absence of β-cells. Interestingly, Glis3 is expressed relatively early during pancreas development prior to the differentiation of ductal and endocrine cells from a common lineage, and is maintained in both β-cells as well as ductal cells. Furthermore, postnatal deletion of Glis3 also results in hyperglycemia, suggesting Glis3 as a critical regulator of postnatal β-cell function as well. Yet, while much is known about the phenotype of Glis3 deletions, little is known about its molecular function. My research focuses on how Glis3 regulates β-cell development and function. To determine which genes are regulated by Glis3, a mouse model with a pancreas-specific deletion of Glis3 was utilized. RNA-seq analysis of isolated islets revealed a large number of both upregulated and downregulated genes, and ChIP-seq analysis of Glis3 in islets revealed many of these genes are direct targets of Glis3 regulation. Interestingly, Glis3 binding largely overlaps with binding of the transcription factor Nkx6.1, and partially overlaps with transcription factors Pdx1 and Nkx2.2, but shows less overlap with other islet-enriched transcription factors. This indicates that Glis3 could function in distinct regulatory complexes, and that better understanding of Glis3 gene regulation within the pancreatic β-cell will lead to a better understanding of how β-cell fate is controlled and maintained, as well as which genes are essential for postnatal function. Disclosure D. Scoville: None.
Craig’s Interpolation Lemma and Beth’s Definability Theorem

A formula Z is called an interpolation formula for a formula X ⊃ Y if all predicates and parameters of Z occur in both X and in Y, and if X ⊃ Z, Z ⊃ y are both valid. Craig’s celebrated Interpolation lemma says that for any valid sentence X ⊃ Y: (i) if X, Y have at least one predicate in common, then there exists an interpolation sentence for X ⊃ Y; (ii) if X, Y have no predicates in common, then either Y is valid or X is unsatisfiable.