cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-25: Activation of AMPK by ATM in reponse to AICAR and metformin

AMPK is an AMP-activated protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy homeostasis. Metabolic stress, such as heat shock and glucose starvation, causes energy deficiency in the cell and leads to elevated levels of intracellular AMP. This results in the phosphorylation and activation of AMPK. LKB1, a tumor suppressor, has been known as an upstream kinase of AMPK. We found that in response to treatment with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), a LKB1-null cancer cell line, HeLa, still exhibited AMPK phosphorylation. This indicates the existence of an LKB1-independent AMPK protein kinase. ATM is a protein kinase that is deficient in the disease ataxia telangiectasia (A-T). We measured the activation of AMPK by AICAR in the normal mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cell line, A29, and the MEF cell line lacking the ATM protein, A38. In A38 cells, the level of AICAR-induced AMPK phosphorylation was dramatically lower than that found in A29 cells. Furthermore, phosphorylation of AMPK in HeLa and A29 cells was inhibited by an ATM specific inhibitor, KU-55933. Our results demonstrate that AICAR treatment could lead to phosphorylation of AMPK in an ATM-dependent and LKB1-independent manner. Similar to the results of AICAR treatment, our work also revealed that the metformin-induced phosphorylation of AMPK in A38 cells is significantly lower than that in A29 cells. We also examined the effect of ATM on AMPK in rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE. Inhibition of ATM by KU-55933 dramatically reduced the phosphorylation of AMPK in response to metformin in this cell line. Thus, ATM may act as a potential AMPK kinase in response to both AICAR and metformin treatment. Metformin is the most commonly prescribed pharmaceutical drug for type 2 diabetes (T2D). In addition, patients with T2D or obesity/insulin resistance who take metformin have reduced rates of cancer occurrence, including breast cancer. However, the mechanism underlying metformin9s effect on cancer prevention and/or treatment is unclear (Nature, New & views, Feb. 2011; Science, News Focus, Jan. 2012). While ATM acts as a sensor of DNA damage by controlling cell cycle progression, it also has glucose regulatory function. Our results put ATM as a novel player in the AMPK signaling pathway in response to metformin. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which metformin functions as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-25. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-25
Labor Codes and Human Resource Strategy in Emerging Economies

Labor codes have been voluntarily adopted and used by manufacturers across multiple industries for the past two decades or more, as means of ensuring minimally acceptable or core labor standards for workers. However, far too little is known of the potential benefits and consequences from the adoption of labor codes to the manufacturer, and prior strategic human resource management (SHRM) research has been virtually silent on their role in today's global high performance work organizations. Drawing on previous work across multiple disciplines, this study theorizes and demonstrates that the voluntary adoption of a labor code in an emerging economy context may constitute a human resource strategy that is just as effective, if not more effective than a high performance work system (HPWS) in improving establishment-level employee outcomes, and operational and financial performance. Hypotheses are tested using longitudinal data on a large sample of apparel manufacturing plants in Sri Lanka. Implications for SHR...
The parasitic relationship between Phyllosticta ampelicida and Vitis vinifera

Phyllosticta ampelicida, the causal agent of black rot of grape, is one of the most damaging fungal pathogens in viticulture in North America. The interactions of the pathogen with host leaf tis- sues were studied to better understand the behavior
In situ thermomechanical testing for micro/nanomaterials

A novel method for the in situ thermomechanical test of micro/nanoscale samples at high temperature is presented. During the in situ test, the stage is resistively heated while the temperature is measured by a cofabricated temperature sensor. For experimental demonstration of the thermomechanical testing method, we fabricate the Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) stage using silicon carbide (SiC) and carry out in situ uniaxial tests for single-crystal silicon (SCS) microsamples at temperatures from room temperature to 400 °C. We recover the known elastic modulus of SCS within 1% error in this temperature range.
Immunological Reactivity of Trypsinized Clostridium botulinum Type E Toxin.

SummaryThe number of LD50's of C. botulinum type E toxin necessary to produce a toxin-antitoxin precipitin line in the Ouchterlony gel-diffusion test is much greater for trypsin-activated than for non-activated toxin. For the same lethal challenge dose, less antitoxin is needed to protect mice against toxin after trypsinization than before the toxin is activated. Antitoxin units required for animal protection are related to the amount of toxin which is activated rather than to mouse toxicity obtained by trypsinization. The data indicate that tryptic activation of type E toxin results in appearance of more toxic groupings without a concomitant increase in the number of immunologically reactive sites.
A New Modified Technique for Harvest of Calcaneal Bone Grafts in Surgery on the Foot and Ankle

Reported sites for retrieval of cancellous bone for grafts include the iliac crest, greater trochanter, proximal tibia, and distal tibia. A new lateral technique for retrieval of cancellous bone from the calcaneus is evaluated through anatomic review, quantitative analysis, and retrospective clinical assessment. Of 22 patients managed with this technique over a 2-year period, 17 returned for an evaluation by questionnaire, physical examination, and radiographic follow-up at an average of 7 months after surgery (range, 4–16 months). Complaints/complications were minor: three had minor incisional symptoms, five had medial heel pain (3 caused by plantar fasciitis), and one had unchanged preoperative heel pain secondary to clubfoot deformity. Compared with more extensive bone-grafting procedures, this procedure offers the advantages of bone harvested under local anesthesia using a readily accessible ipsilateral extremity and producing minor complications.
« Voir le monde pour dire l’exception ». Identifications culturelles et littératures de la postcolonie

Alors que l’historiographie s’accorde a considerer que, dans leur ensemble, les litteratures africaines du XXe siecle se complaisent dans une defense exclusive des traditions locales, cet article propose une analyse de L’Aventure ambigue de Cheikh Hamidou Kane comme un commerce du regard. Il demontre comment ce roman de Kane (re)pose la question de l’alterite dans une demarche similaire et peut-etre plus complexe que celles des generations du XXIe siecle, dites de la « postcolonialite » et de la « litterature-monde ». Contrairement aux idees recues, les ecrivains de la generation de Cheikh Hamidou Kane montrent une conscience du monde et une capacite de s’engager dans des combinaisons culturelles qui transcendent la race ou les origines geographiques. Comme toutes les generations d’ecrivains, leurs choix revelent des manieres de se voir dans le monde selon des taxinomies qui, en elles-memes, expriment la pluralite des orientations que rend possible l’histoire de l’Afrique.
Latent Trajectory Modeling of Spatiotemporal Relationships Between Land Cover and Land Use, Socioeconomics, and Obesity in Ghana

Obesity is a growing public health concern in both developed and developing countries, creating acute challenges in places with scant resources. In Ghana, obesity rates have risen substantially in recent decades, a trend particularly noted in urban areas. However, high levels of migration and urbanization indicate a situation that is more complex than a simple urban/rural distinction may be able to explain. Latent trajectory modeling (LTM) with eigenvector spatial filtering offers a methodology to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of body mass index (BMI) change by going beyond the urban/rural distinction and examining how different environmental, social, and demographic variables contribute to BMI changes over time. Using data from a regional LULC study and the Ghana Demographic Health Survey (1993, 1998, 2003, 2008), the relationship between BMI and the amounts of urban, agricultural, and natural land covers, household size, % of houses with electricity, % houses with flush toilets, and % of houses with no toilets for 845 survey clusters is explored. Our findings suggest higher BMIs in the most urban areas, yet larger BMI increases in peri-urban areas (and lower BMI changes in slums and increasingly rural areas). The LTM modeling indicates a trajectory of BMI growth in the study region, yet one that is slowing over time. Earlier, indicators of higher socioeconomic status and larger households are associated with high BMIs, but these indicators are not associated with rising BMI over the entire study period. Areas with increases in urban land cover show consistent, significant relationships with BMI growth.
Reconstruction of the α−Al2O3(112̄0) surfaces

Abstract The α- Al 2 O 3 (11 2 0) surfaces are found reconstructed. Evidences in real and reciprocal spaces are presented.
Non-randomized and randomized stepped-wedge designs using an orthogonalized least squares framework

Randomized stepped-wedge (R-SW) designs are increasingly used to evaluate interventions targeting continuous longitudinal outcomes measured at T-fixed time points. Typically, all units start out untreated, and randomly chosen units switch to intervention at sequential time points until all receive intervention. As randomization is not always feasible, non-randomized stepped-wedge (NR-SW) designs (units switching to intervention are not randomly chosen) have attracted researchers. We develop an orthogonlized generalized least squares framework for both R-SW and NR-SW designs. The variance of the intervention effect estimate depends on the number of steps (S), length of step sizes (ts), and number of units (ns) switched at each step (s=1,…, S). If all other design parameters are equal, this variance is higher for the NR-SW than for the equivalent R-SW design (particularly if the intercepts of non-randomly stepped switching strata are analyzed as fixed effects). We focus on balanced stepped-wedge (BR-SW, BNR...
Real time multitasking in Arduino using look-up table

This paper propose to RTM-LUT algorithm (Real Time Multitasking using Look up Table) to create real time multitasking instead of using external RTOS in Arduino resulting in resources allocation optimization. Multitasking is a process of creating an environment where multiple independent operations/tasks take place in concurrent time.
Evaluation of ECG algorithms designed to improve detect of transient myocardial ischemia to minimize false alarms in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome.

Abstract Background Patients hospitalized for suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at risk for transient myocardial ischemia. During the “rule-out” phase, continuous ECG ST-segment monitoring can identify transient myocardial ischemia, even when asymptomatic. However, current ST-segment monitoring software is vastly underutilized due to false positive alarms, with resultant alarm fatigue. Current ST algorithms may contribute to alarm fatigue because; (1) they are not designed with a delay (minutes), rather alarm to brief spikes (i.e., turning, heart rate changes), and (2) alarm to changes in a single ECG lead, rather than contiguous leads. Purpose This study was designed to determine sensitivity, and specificity, of ST algorithms when accounting for; ST magnitude (100 μV vs 200 μV), duration, and changes in contiguous ECG leads (i.e., aVL, I, − aVR, II, aVF, III; V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V6, I). Methods This was a secondary analysis from the COMPARE Study, which assessed occurrence rates for transient myocardial ischemia in hospitalized patients with suspected ACS using 12-lead Holter. Transient myocardial ischemia was identified from Holter using > 100 μV ST-segment ↑ or ↓, in > 1 ECG lead, > 1 min. Algorithms tested against Holter transient myocardial ischemia were done using the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) ECG algorithm and included: (1)100 μV vs 200 μV any lead during a 5-min ST average; (2)100 μV vs 200 μV any lead > 5 min, (3) 100 μV vs 200 μV any lead during a 5-min ST average in contiguous leads, and (4) 100 μV vs 200 μV > 5 min in contiguous leads (Table below). Results In 361 patients; mean age 63 + 12 years, 63% male, 56% prior CAD, 43 (11%) had transient myocardial ischemia. Of the 43 patients with transient myocardial ischemia, 17 (40%) had ST-segment elevation events, and 26 (60%) ST-segment depression events. A higher proportion of patients with ST segment depression has missed ischemic events. Table shows sensitivity and specificity for the four algorithms tested. Alarms tested 100 mV ST deviation (↓ or ↑) 200 mV ST deviation (↓ or ↑) Sensitivity Specificity Sensitivity Specificity 1. ST-segment change any ECG lead 5 min average 76.7% 47.8% 46.5% 74.2% 2. ST-segment change any ECG lead > 5 min 76.7% 54.4% 46.5% 77.4% 3. ST-segment change contiguous leads 5 min average 69.8% 67.9% 27.9% 83.6% 4. ST-segment change contiguous leads > 5 min 62.8% 73.0% 20.9% 86.8% Conclusions Sensitivity was highly variable, due to the ST threshold selected, with the 100 μV measurement point being superior to the 200 μV amplitude threshold. Of all the algorithms tested, there was moderate sensitivity and specificity (70% and 68%) using the 100 μV ST-segment threshold, integrated ST-segment changes in contiguous leads during a 5-min average.
Commentary: advancing marketing strategy in the marketing discipline and beyond

ABSTRACTShelby Hunt provides an insightful, precise essay on the nature and contribution of the field of marketing across five distinct periods and concludes with a discussion of the potential for the field of marketing, both within marketing and across allied fields of management. This ‘promise’ of marketing’s academic future is followed by a discussion of the key factors likely to play a significant role in lessening the contribution of the field. The purpose of this commentary is to focus on Hunt’s key question regarding Era V: Is the future of the marketing discipline promising or problematic? As such, this commentary addresses four issues: (1) the ‘promising’ assets that the discipline has in play; (2) the slide towards academic irrelevance and, thus, the ‘problem’; (3) Hunt’s observations on how the slide might be reversed; and (4) my viewpoint on what can be done to reverse the slide.
Distribution of the Eastern Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger) within California as of 2015

Abstract The eastern fox squirrel, Sciurus niger, has been introduced to many areas outside of its native range. Once introduced to a new region the species has generally expanded its geographic range and is considered to be an invasive species, causing both ecological and economic harm. While some information is available on where introductions have occurred, detailed information is not available on the current geographic distribution of the species within California. Since invasive species tend to be under-represented in specimen collections at museums, new methods for obtaining location data were needed. We used a time period of 1995 through 2015 for observations so that location data would be most up-to-date. A majority (51%) of location data used in this study came from wildlife rehabilitation centers, approximately 31% came from citizen-science type sources such as the California Road-Kill Observation System, a previously published journal article, and research-grade submissions to iNaturalist, 10% ...
Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and globally. Despite recent advancements in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the survival rate of cardiac arrest remains low. Targeted temperature management (TTM), or therapeutic hypothermia, has been shown to improve the survival and functional outcome of comatose cardiac arrest survivors. This chapter will focus on the pathophysiology and practical considerations of TTM after adult non-traumatic cardiac arrest. The indications, implementation, and side effects of TTM are discussed here to assist readers in its application during post-arrest management.
The Role of the Cell Cycle in HIV-1 Infection

Infection of quiescent lymphocytes with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) does not result in production of progeny virus. We have previously reported that although HIV-1 can enter quiescent lymphocytes with high efficiency, the reverse transcription process does not go to completion. This results in a viral genome which is composed partly of viral RNA and partly of viral DNA. If a mitogenic signal is applied shortly after infection to a cell harboring such a structure, reverse transcription can go to completion and progeny virus will be produced. However, this partially reverse transcribed structure is extremely labile, and the efficiency of virus rescue decreases rapidly, with increasing times between infection and activation. Our laboratory is using inhibitors of cell activation to identify at which stage of the cell cycle this block to reverse transcription occurs. We have found that agents that arrest the cell in the late G1 phase of the cell cycle do not alter the ability of the virus to complete reverse transcription. However, agents that inhibit activation of the cell by blocking transition through G1 prevent completion of reverse transcription. It thus appears that immunosuppression of the target cell may be a means of preventing productive infection of the cell.
What (If Anything) Do We Owe Wild Animals

It’s widely agreed that animal pain matters morally—that we shouldn’t, for instance, starve our animal companions, and that we should provide medical care to sick or injured agricultural animals, and not only because it benefits us to do so. But do we have the same moral responsibilities towards wild animals? Should we feed them if they are starving, and intervene to prevent them from undergoing other kinds of pain, for instance from predation? Using an example that includes both wild and domesticated animals, I outline two contrasting ways of thinking about our moral responsibilities with respect to assisting animals that are apparently in need. One approach is based entirely around animals’ capacities; the other takes context and historical relations into account as well. While not attempting to adjudicate between these views, I’ll point out the advantages and difficulties of both. Clare Palmer Texas A&M University cpalmer@philosophy.tamu.edu
Low-dose hip abductor-adductor power training improves neuromechanical weight-transfer control during lateral balance recovery in older adults.

Abstract Background Age-related neuromuscular changes in the hip abductor-adductor muscles lead to reduced performance, especially in the rate of force development and power production. These alterations may impair weight transfer control and lateral balance recovery through protective stepping. This study compared the effects of eight weeks of low-dose hip abductor-adductor power and strength training on the performance of isometric maximal voluntary contractions, and lateral balance recovery at different initial weight-bearing conditions in older individuals. Methods Eighteen healthy older adults (71.3 (0.9) years) underwent eight weeks of low-dose hip abductor-adductor exercise training involving either power training (n = 10) or lower velocity strength training (n = 8). Outcomes were assessed for hip abductor-adductor isometric maximal voluntary contractions and lateral waist-pull balance perturbations with three initial stepping limb-load conditions (50%, 65%, or 80% body mass). Findings Power training increased isometric maximal voluntary contractions abductor-adductor peak torque (14%–18%, p Interpretation Low-dose hip abductor-adductor power training was more effective than strength training at eliciting improvements in maximal neuromuscular performance and enhanced medio-lateral balance recovery.
Voir Dire and Jury SelectionI am grateful for the contributions of Jason Dickinson and Brian Cutler to an earlier version of this chapter. Portions of the research presented in this chapter were made possible by support from the National Science Foundation (SES# 0136652, SES# 0520617, and SES# 0921408).

Jury selection is intended to ensure that citizens who serve as jurors can fairly consider the evidence in a case and apply the law as the judge gives it to them. Jury selection occurs during a legal proceeding known as voir dire, in which the judge and/or the attorneys question prospective jurors to determine their suitability for jury service. Judges may excuse prospective jurors for cause if they exhibit bias during voir dire and report either an unwillingness or inability to set aside the bias. With peremptory challenges, attorneys may remove a limited number of potential jurors without providing a justification. The law and empirical research related to jury selection are reviewed. Topics covered include: extended versus minimal voir dire, juror rehabilitation during voir dire, and prohibitions against using peremptory challenges to remove members of certain demographic groups. The relative effectiveness of traditional attorney-conducted jury selection (i.e., the use of implicit theories about juror behavior based on litigation experience) and scientific jury selection (i.e., the use of social science methods to identify demographic characteristics, personality traits, and attitudes that predict verdict preferences) is also discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of possible future directions for research on jury selection. Keywords: jury selection; juror; voir dire; decision making; attitudes
Mobile Devices Offer Little In-depth News: Sensational, Breaking and Entertainment News Dominate Mobile News Sites

The smartphone is now an indispensable part of everyday life. Such mobile devices are increasingly used to consume news. Newspapers have embraced the mobile devices to augment their print and onlin...
References to Netflix’ “13 Reasons Why” at clinical presentation among 31 pediatric patients

The popular Netflix show 13 Reasons Why graphically depicts the story of a teenager who commits suicide. As media and fictional portrayals of suicide are known to influence suicidal behaviors, prof...
Identifying Contributory Factors to Heterogeneity in Driving Behavior: Clustering and Classification Approach:

Previous research efforts using aerially collected trajectory-level data have confirmed the existence of inter-driver heterogeneity, where different car-following model (CFM) specifications and cal...
Gene augmentation and read-through rescue channelopathy in an iPSC-RPE model of congenital blindness

Purpose Mutations in the KCNJ13 gene are known to cause Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis (LCA16), an inherited pediatric blindness. KCNJ13 gene encodes the Kir7.1 subunit protein which acts as a tetrameric inwardly rectifying potassium ion channel in the retinal pigment epithelium to maintain ionic homeostasis thereby allowing photoreceptors to encode visual information. We sought to determine if genetic approaches might be effective in treating blindness due to mutations in KCNJ13. Methods We developed patient-derived hiPSC-RPE carrying an autosomal recessive nonsense mutation in the KCNJ13 gene (c.158G>A, p.Trp53*). We performed biochemical and electrophysiology assays of Kir7.1 function. Both small molecule read-through drug and gene-therapy approaches were tested using this disease-in-a-dish approach. Results We found that the LCA16 hiPSC-RPE had normal morphology but did not express a functional Kir7.1 channel and was unable to demonstrate normal physiology. Following read-through drug treatment, the LCA16 hiPSC cells were hyperpolarized by 30 mV and Kir7.1 current was restored. Similarly, loss-of-function of Kir7.1 channel was circumvented by lentiviral gene delivery to the hiPSC-RPE cells. In either approach, Kir7.1 protein was expressing normally with restoration of membrane potential and Kir7.1 current. Conclusion Loss-of-function mutation in Kir7.1 is a cause of LCA. Using either read-through therapy or gene augmentation, we rescued Kir7.1 channel function in patient-derived iPSC-RPE cells via a precision medicine approach.
Abstract 4398: KDM3A and DCLK1 interactions promote stemness and tumorigenesis in PDAC

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the major leading cause of cancer related human death in USA. There is no possible treatment or target available in PDAC. It was proposed that the cancer stem cells (CSCs) can regulates malignancy in PDAC. DCLK1 is one of the quiescent cancer stem cell marker in PDAC that can regulate tumor progression. Identification of the key factors that influence stemness will help to target PDAC. Histone lysine demethylase KDM3A is an enzyme/protein which can regulate stem cell renewability and tumor progression, thereby KDM3A can interact with DCLK1 for tumor progression. KDM3A influences tumor growth and regulates stemness. Therefore, our goal is to find out the the role of KDM3A in tumor progression in PDAC through interactions with DCLK1. We observed expression of KDM3A in both PDAC patients’ samples and cells. Knockdown and overexpression of KDM3A were executed by using lentiviral vector. Tumor progression were also observed in orthotopic mice model. ChIP and RNA seq were performed to validate the data. KDM3A was overexpressed in human PDAC patient tissues and human pancreatic cancer cells with concomitant increase of CSC marker, DCLK1. Moreover, DCLK1 and KDM3A was found to be co-localized in patient tissue samples and identified binding sites of KDM3A with DCLK1 using ChIP-seq. Knockdown of KDM3A abrogates oncogenic potential whereas, overexpressed KDM3A in transformed HPNE cells showed malignant properties with enhanced invasive property, pancosphere formation, foci formation and tumor formation in mouse. Moreover, ChIP-seq and RNA seq suggested that KDM3A regulated DCLK1 expression in tumor progression. In conclusion, co-expression of DCLK1 with KDM3A influenced stemness and enhance tumor progression in PDAC. Citation Format: Chandrayee Ghosh, Kankaraj Palaniyandi, Santanu Paul, Prasad Dandawate, Sonia Rawal, Dharmalingam Subramaniam, Subhash Padhye, Sumedha Gunewardena, Sufi Thomas, Maura O9Neil, Roy Jensen, Danny Welch, Sally Milisky, Scott Weir, Tomoo Iwakuma, Shrikant Anant, Animesh Dhar. KDM3A and DCLK1 interactions promote stemness and tumorigenesis in PDAC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4398.
The pursuit and completion of postsecondary education for adult daughters of abused women

AbstractThis article reports on a qualitative study that examined why adult daughters of abused mothers (N = 38) pursue and complete postsecondary education. Through the use of purposive sampling a...
TCT-814 Inflammation as a Predictor of Outcomes in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Supported by a Percutaneous Mechanical Support Device

In-hospital mortality associated with cardiogenic shock (CS) remains as high as 50%. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of heart failure; however, little is known about the role of inflammation as a prognostic marker or therapeutic target in CS. We sought to investigate whether
Humanitarianism's Contested Culture in War Zones

Humanitarians are no longer simply seen as selfless angels. Their motivations and mastery, their principles and products are questioned from within and from without. Understanding the ongoing transformations in contemporary humanitarianism requires examining the nature and evolution of humanitarian culture away from an agreed culture of cooperation to a contested one of competition. The latter reflects militarization, politicization, and marketization. What is required is a learning culture for practitioners and a consequentialist ethics more oriented to responsible reflection than rapid reaction.
Factors precipitating suicide attempts vary across race

Objective: Although research has identified interpersonal, intrapersonal, and achievement-related factors that precipitate suicide attempts (SAs), how these factors vary by race/ethnicity is unknown. We examined racial/ethnic differences in SA precipitants in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of young adults (YAs) with a SA history.Method: Two-hundred twenty-nine young adults, ages 18-33 (87% women), reported their method of attempt, and 200 of those reported on their SA precipitants. The latter were coded by three independent judges (Data were collected March 2012-December 2016.).Results: SAs were most often precipitated by intrapersonal factors, followed by interpersonal factors. Logistic regressions revealed that Hispanic, Asian, and Biracial YAs had higher odds of reporting interpersonal precipitants compared to Black YAs.Conclusion: Suicide prevention and intervention should address both interpersonal and intrapersonal factors that increase vulnerability to SA across racial/ethnic groups, although interventions with Black YAs might focus more on intrapersonal than on interpersonal factors.
Implementing a Social Determinants Screening and Referral Infrastructure During Routine Emergency Department Visits, Utah, 2017-2018.

Purpose and objectives Emergency departments see a disproportionate share of low-income and uninsured patients. We developed and evaluated a process for identifying social needs among emergency department patients, for facilitating access to community-based resources, and for integrating clinical and community-based data. Intervention approach We leveraged an academic-community partnership to develop a social needs screening tool and referral process. Evaluation methods In a 25-day feasibility trial incorporating rapid improvement cycles, emergency department staff screened 210 patients for social needs. Observational and interview notes were analyzed, and data were linked from patient screenings, the United Way of Salt Lake 2-1-1 consumer information system, and electronic health records. Results Domains uncovered during pilot testing included screening based on appearance or insurance; discomfort asking stigmatizing questions; and lack of clarity regarding the screening's purpose. During the trial, 61% (n = 129) of patients reported 1 or more need, 52% (n = 67) of whom wanted follow-up. Of the 65 patients with complete data who wanted referrals, 49% (n = 32) were ultimately reached by 2-1-1, which provided an average of 4 community referrals (eg, pharmacy programs, utility assistance). Service usage 3 months before versus 3 months after emergency department index dates demonstrated that patients with social needs experienced a significant increase in emergency department use compared with those without needs (1.07 vs 1.36, P = .03), while patients with no needs experienced increases in primary care visits compared with those patients with unmet needs (0.24 vs 0.56, P = .03). Implications for public health We demonstrated the ability to systematically screen and refer for emergency department patients' unmet social needs by using existing resources and to link screening results, service referral details, and health service data. However, our experiences demonstrate that widespread implementation efforts should thoughtfully address staff perceptions and patient communication challenges.
Baloxavir for Postexposure Prophylaxis against Influenza in Households

In the United States, antiviral treatment of influenza is recommended as soon as possible in hospitalized patients and in outpatients who are at increased risk for influenza complications or have p...
Early extinction effects following intermittent reinforcement: Little evidence of extinction bursts.

The occurrence of extinction bursts-transient increases in response rate in excess of those observed in baseline during the period immediately following discontinuation of reinforcement of a response-was examined. In Experiment 1, key pecking of pigeons was reinforced according to a multiple schedule in which a variable-ratio schedule alternated with an interval schedule in which the reinforcers were yoked to the preceding variable-ratio component. In Experiments 2 and 3, rats were screened such that the lever-press response rates of different rats maintained by variable-interval schedules were either relatively high or relatively low. Following these baseline conditions, in Experiments 1 and 2 responding was extinguished by eliminating the food reinforcer and in Experiment 3 by removing the response-reinforcer dependency. Responses immediately following extinction implementation were examined. Response increases relative to baseline during the first 20 min of a 324.75-min extinction session (Experiment 1) or during the first 30-min extinction session (Experiments 2 and 3) were rare and unsystematic. The results (a) reinforce earlier meta-analyses concluding that extinction bursts may be a less ubiquitous early effect of extinction than has been suggested and (b) invite further experimentation to establish their generality as a function of preceding reinforcement conditions.
Does Auditor Assurance of Client Prosocial Activities Affect Auditor-Client Negotiations?

We draw on theory from moral licensing and image motivation to test the prediction that, when auditors provide assurance over a pro-social activity that is roughly analogous to reported corporate social responsibility (CSR), reporters become more aggressive in subsequent reporter-auditor negotiations. In Part 1 of a two-part interactive experiment, participants in the reporter role answer trivia questions. Our first manipulation is whether correct answers result in a donation to charity (i.e., a pro-social benefit) or a personal gain to the reporter. Our second manipulation is whether participants in the auditor role observe and verify reporters’ Part 1 efforts. In Part 2, reporter/auditor pairs negotiate an estimate for an uncertain amount, with higher reported estimates increasing the likelihood that the reporter receives a bonus and the auditor incurs a penalty. We find that reporters propose more aggressive estimates and achieve more favorable negotiated outcomes in Part 2 only when the Part 1 condition combines a pro-social activity with auditor assurance.
Validation of the Brief Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version in American Indians.

Objective The Brief Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire-Community Version (PEDQ-CVB) is a widely used, multidimensional measure of exposure to ethnic/racial discrimination. The PEDQ-CVB has not been previously validated for use with American Indians, who have endured a unique history of colonization, cultural oppression, and ongoing discrimination. This study examined the measurement invariance of the PEDQ-CVB in American Indians (AIs) and 4 other groups. Additional analyses assessed the scale's convergent and discriminant validity and provided initial evidence of associations with mental and physical health in AIs. Method Primary data were collected from a community sample of urban-dwelling AIs (n = 222), which included measures of ethnic/racial identity, other life stressors, and mental and physical health, along with the PEDQ-CVB. These were supplemented by secondary analysis of PEDQ-CVB data from African Americans (n = 1176), Latinos (n = 564), East Asian Americans (n = 274), and South Asian Americans (n = 242). Results The PEDQ-CVB demonstrated measurement invariance across the 5 ethnic/racial groups and convergent and discriminant validity in AIs. The PEDQ-CVB was significantly associated with depressive symptoms and physical limitations in AIs, after controlling for relevant demographics. Conclusion This study provides strong evidence that the PEDQ-CVB behaves consistently for AIs and other underrepresented ethnic/racial groups. As such, the PEDQ-CVB allows for documentation of the experiences of different ethnic/racial groups and provides a means to test theoretical models of the antecedents and consequences of perceived discrimination within and across groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Calibrating microscopic car following models for adaptive cruise control vehicles: a multi-objective approach

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicles are the first step toward comprehensive vehicle automation. However, the impacts of such vehicles on the underlying traffic flow are not yet clear. Therefore, it is of interest to accurately model vehicle-level dynamics of commercially available ACC vehicles so that they may be used in further modeling efforts to quantify the impact of commercially available ACC vehicles on traffic flow. Importantly, not only model selection but also the calibration approach and error metric used for calibration are critical to accurately model ACC vehicle behavior. In this work, we explore the question of how to calibrate car following models to describe ACC vehicle dynamics. Specifically, we apply a multi-objective calibration approach to understand the tradeoff between calibrating model parameters to minimize speed error vs. spacing error. Three different car-following models are calibrated for data from six vehicles. The results are in line with recent literature and verify that targeting a low spacing error does not compromise the speed accuracy whether the opposite is not true for modeling ACC vehicle dynamics.
Thermodynamics of monoclinic and tetragonal hafnium dioxide (HfO2) at ambient pressure

Abstract Accurate and precise thermodynamic models of oxide compounds and their phases are important for calculating the phase stability of oxide materials. We develop and use a coupled quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics approach to create thermodynamic models of hafnia (HfO2) polymorphs from 0 K to 3000 K at ambient pressure. The approach is based on the quasi-harmonic approximation below the Debye temperature and on ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations above the Debye temperature to predict constant pressure heat capacities (Cp). A Bayesian model provides interpolated values between these regimes. As a case study, we develop thermodynamic models of monoclinic and tetragonal HfO2 polymorphs. The predicted heat capacities are in excellent agreement with experiment, and the predicted temperature of the monoclinic to tetragonal phase transition (2173 K) is in good agreement with the experimental value (2078K). These results provide a comprehensive and accurate thermodynamic model of the monoclinic and tetragonal phases of hafnia on a broad range of temperatures and can serve as input to CALPHAD assessment of multi-component hafnia-based phase diagrams.
The lobula plate is exclusive to insects.

Abstract Just one superorder of insects is known to possess a neuronal network that mediates extremely rapid reactions in flight in response to changes in optic flow. Research on the identity and functional organization of this network has over the course of almost half a century focused exclusively on the order Diptera, a member of the approximately 300-million-year-old clade Holometabola defined by its mode of development. However, it has been broadly claimed that the pivotal neuropil containing the network, the lobula plate, originated in the Cambrian before the divergence of Hexapoda and Crustacea from a mandibulate ancestor. This essay defines the traits that designate the lobula plate and argues against a homologue in Crustacea. It proposes that the origin of the lobula plate is relatively recent and may relate to the origin of flight.
Information Redlining: The Urgency to Close the Digital Access and Literacy Divide and the Role of Libraries as Lead Interveners

This article positions equitable access to information as a matter of social justice and questions how the library and information science sector might work more intentionally and systemically to c...
The Impact of Fiscal Policy on the U.S. Stock Market Return

In this study, I analyze the impact of the aggregate, income, corporate, and social security tax revenues on both the U.S. output and the stock market return in a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) framework between 1960:Q1 and 2015:Q4. Unlike some of the other studies, I use not only aggregate but also disaggregated tax revenue variables to examine the impact of fiscal policy. Results show that an exogenous increase in aggregate tax revenue reduces both the output and the market return. In addition, an increase in income, corporate, and social security tax revenues reduces both output and the market return significantly at varying degrees.
A physiological comparison of static and phasic exercise.

Abstract Five subjects were tested three times in each of three static and three phasic work tests involving leg extensions in the semi-reclining position. Oxygen uptake, net oxygen consumption, ventilation rate, pulse rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were consistently higher in phasic work than in static effort with a comparable resistance. The patterns of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate response and recovery did not seem to differ in the two modes of work. While the ventilation rate—oxygen uptake relationship was similar in both forms of effort, the pulse rate—oxygen uptake relationship differed in that the static pulse exceeded the phasic rate at a comparable level of oxygen uptake.
Efficacy and safety profile of GS-9219, a novel guanine nucleotide analog prodrug, for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies using pet dogs with spontaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as a model

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 5730 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a common hematopoietic cancer in humans and pet dogs. While clinical remission can be induced using currently available chemotherapeutic agents, drug resistant relapse is common. Canine NHL has proven to be a relevant model for preclinical testing of novel therapeutics prior to human trials. GS-9219, a novel double prodrug of the anti-proliferative nucleotide analog 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine (PMEG), has been shown to have potent cytotoxic activity in lymphoblasts and leukemia cell lines. The relatively higher levels of the requisite enzymes to produce the active metabolite, PMEG-diphosphate, in lymphoid cells and relatively high proliferation index of lymphoblasts creates the potential to functionally target lymphoid malignancies with GS-9219. To generate proof-of-concept, activity and safety data in lymphoid malignancies, a dose-finding (phase I) trial with GS-9219 monotherapy was initiated in pet dogs with naturally occurring chemotherapy naive or refractory NHL. Three to 6-dog dose cohorts were treated using several schedules including daily treatments for 5 consecutive days out of every 21 days, once weekly, once biweekly and once every 3 weeks. Pre- and post-treatment tumor tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from dogs for further analysis including evaluation of intracellular levels of active metabolite. Major antitumor responses (complete and partial remissions) have been noted in the large majority of dogs treated to date (n >30 dogs) in all doses and schedules investigated with GS-9219 monotherapy, as measured by tumor size, cytopathology, and clinical imaging. A subset of dogs was evaluated with 18F-fluorothymidine PET/CT imaging; in all dogs evaluated profound antiproliferative activity was documented in the lymphoid tumors following GS-9219 treatment. Importantly, responses were noted in both previously untreated dogs and dogs with chemotherapy-refractory NHL, implying a role both in induction therapy and in the rescue of drug resistant disease. Adverse events, when observed, were manageable and were dose- and regimen-dependent. Activity was also documented in additional subsets of pet dogs with multiple myeloma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia. This relevant preclinical model provides valuable translational data that should accelerate and guide the development of human clinical trials to follow.
Dispelling misperceptions regarding variable rate application

Economic principles drive producers’ variable and uniform rate nitrogen (N) application decisions. Output price, N price, N application cost, soil productivity and spatial variability of soil types determine the optimal application rates and therefore technologies. Variable rate application may lead to greater N application on less productive soils and increased overall farm N usage; it also may be economically superior to use uniform rate, even with modest spatial variability or soil productivity differences. These findings have implications on economic evaluation, policy making and environmental considerations that extend beyond this example of nitrogen on corn production and may be generalized to other crops and inputs.
That's entertainment!

What kind of entertainment do people want from a Web site on art and culture? And what is the appropriate context of use for people to enjoy entertainment on the Web? Is this an individual activity or one that that would be most engaging if it occurred in a social context? And would people like to do this in multiple locations, for example, at home, work and on the road?
Two models of Innovation Diffusion

This paper describes two communication models which Simulate INnovation DIffusion (SINDI).* SINDI 1, a stochastic model, simulates diffusion of information to cliques in a small Latin American community. SINDI 2, an expected-value model, simulates the diffusion of the adoption of an innovation among members of a community. Both models are programmed in USASI FORTRAN because the language is widely understood and FORTRAN compilers are available on most computers.
On the properties of relative plausibilities

In this paper we investigate the properties of the relative plausibility function, the probability built by normalizing the plausibilities of singletons associated with a belief function. On one side, we stress how this probability is a perfect representative of the original belief function when combined with any arbitrary probability through Dempster's rule. This leads to conjecture that this function should also be the solution of the probabilistic approximation problem, formulated naturally in terms of Dempster's rule. On the other side, the geometric properties of relative plausibilities are studied in the context of the geometric approach to the theory of evidence, yielding a description of the representation property which suggests a sketch for the general proof of our conjecture.
Helping Clients Cope with Change in the 21st Century: A Balancing Act

The national vision to equip all individuals with the knowledge, skills and desire for lifelong learning in order to meet the challenges in the world of work today, and in the future, is a powerful incentive for career services professionals. The authors use the analogy of a chair to discuss four strategies to assist clients in maintaining balance as they cope with uncertainty and change.
Three-dimensional FSS elements with wide frequency and angular response

In this paper, we describe a three-dimensional frequency-selective surface (FSS) element that generates a flat bandpass response over a wide band, as well as controllable low-pass angular response. The unit cell, which consists of a waveguide element with two connected cascaded radiating elements, exhibits a flat bandpass response over the frequency range 13 GHz to 24 GHz, i.e. a -3dB bandwidth (BW/f0) of 66.6%. We show that the angular response of the FSS can be controlled by changing its periodicity, which, in turn, determines the angle at which the first higher-order Floquet harmonic begins to propagate.