cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Adoption Subsidies

Abstract Most children adopted from foster care in recent years received an adoption subsidy. However, little is known about factors associated with subsidy receipt and amount. Analyses of the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) shows that national data obscure substantial state-level variation in the proportion of adopted children receiving subsidies and the median subsidy amount. Several characteristics of adopted children were associated with subsidy receipt and amount, including age, race and ethnicity, and special needs status. Subsidy receipt and amount also varied with adoptive families' characteristics, such as pre-adoptive relationship with the child, family structure, and maternal race and ethnicity.
An Investigation on Thermocouple-Based Temperature Measurements in Sooting Flames

Temperature is an important parameter in flame chemical structure calculations. However, accurate temperature measurements are challenging to obtain. This manuscript reports on temperature measurements in sooting ethyl-benzene flames. Measurements were conducted with an array of four decreasing size thermocouples. However, to minimize disturbance of the flame by the insertion of the insulated multi-thermocouple array, the four thermocouples were also inserted bare one at a time, and results were contrasted. In both cases, radiative heat transfer was accounted for by using the well-known Nichols method [1]. This method was somewhat modified, as the extrapolation to zero thermocouple bead size was done using third-order polynomials. Furthermore, as soot accumulates on the thermocouple beads, upon their insertion in sooting flames, the obtained signals were scrutinized to determine the point in their time-history that is appropriate for this analysis. The zero time extrapolation technique, as suggested by McEnally et al. [2], was used to correct for soot accumulation at the tip of the thermocouples. Other methods were also explored, where theoretical expressions were used with corrections applied for the radiative heat losses from the thermocouples either prior or after the accumulation of soot on the thermocouple bead. Results showed that higher temperatures were recorded when single bare thermocouples were inserted into the flame as compared to inserting four thermocouples together. The difference was attributed to the disturbance of the flow-and temperature-fields in the flame, especially by the ceramic sheath that holds thermocouples together, and the thermal interaction of the thermocouples when they were inserted into the flame simultaneously. Results also showed that a combination of modified Nichols’ method with McEnallys’ corrections for sooting flames is a preferred technique as it nearly eliminates assumptions. Resulting temperature values are supported by theoretical calculations with judicious assumptions on important parameters.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Graduate school mentoring in clinical, counselling, and experimental academic training programs: an exploratory study

This study focused on graduate student mentoring within clinical, counselling and experimental psychology programs. A nationwide survey of 336 psychology graduate students indicated that counselling students reported higher levels of socioemotional support in their mentoring relationships, as well as higher overall levels of satisfaction, compared with clinical and experimental students. Clinical and experimental students, however, reported higher levels of selected outcome variables, such as research productivity. The relationships between mentoring qualities and several outcome variables were noted and discussed. This study adds to the developing literature concerning graduate student mentoring within professional psychology training programs.
(η6-[7]Heliphene)tricarbonylchromium via an Optimized Preparation of [7]Heliphene

Optimized procedures to [7]heliphene are described that allowed the synthesis of (η6-[7]heliphene)tricarbonylchromium and a preliminary exploration of its chemical behavior. DFT calculations provide structural and energetic information on this complex and its haptomeric isomers. Attempts to prepare the corresponding ([7]heliphene)chromium sandwich failed so far, but DFT evidence is presented to indicate that the target should be accessible.
Confounding: regression adjustment.

In previous columns [1,2], I highlighted how the deterination of the association between an exposure (e.g., viamin E supplementation) and a disease (e.g., coronary heart isease [CHD]) is not quite so straightforward as it might rst appear. Before any definitive conclusions about the ssociation can be drawn, we must consider the effect of otential confounding variables. Confounders can obscure he association of real scientific interest and easily lead the nwary astray. For example, an apparent association beween the use of vitamin E supplements and the occurrence f CHD may be confounded, or distorted, by the effects of third variable (e.g., smoking history) that is associated ith the exposure and disease. Recognizing that confounding is a ubiquitous problem, hat can be done about it? Confounding that cannot be ontrolled in the design of a study (e.g., by matching on nown confounders) must be adjusted for in the analysis. In previous column [2], I discussed a tried and trusted ethod of adjusting for confounding in the analysis, namely tratification. With stratification, confounding is controlled y assessing the association of interest within distinct roups of individuals who are relatively homogeneous with espect to the confounding variable (or variables). For exmple, when we stratify the analysis by smoking history, omparison of the association between vitamin E suppleents and risk of CHD within any strata cannot be conounded by smoking because the strata are, by definition, onstituted by individuals with the same smoking history. he principle underlying stratification is simple and intuiive: stratification removes the variability of the confoundng variables (within any strata), thereby ensuring that these ariables cannot influence the association between exposure nd disease. Although stratification is a very effective and robust
Electronic brainstorming in small and large groups

Abstract An experiment was conducted with small groups averaging about eight people and large groups averaging about 48 people in size. We compared the group members' perceived production blocking, evaluation apprehension, and satisfaction with a meeting of each group size using electronic and verbal brainstorming. While there was no significant difference in perceived satisfaction, evaluation apprehension, or production blocking in either group size using electronic brainstorming, there was a significant difference between small verbal groups and large verbal groups. There was also a significant difference in the dependent measures between large verbal groups and large electronic brainstorming groups. Results suggest that the benefits of electronic brainstorming are more pronounced with larger groups than with smaller groups.
Further characterization of somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in pecan (Carya illinoensis)

Abstract The effects of cultivar, sampling date, tree-source of explants, and duration on conditioning medium on somatic embryogenesis in pecan (Carya illinoensis) were examined. Zygotic embryos were collected from cultivars ‘Stuart’ and ‘Desirable’ 12–18 weeks post-pollination, cultured for 1 or 3 weeks on a woody plant medium (WPM) for conditioning supplemented with 2 mg/l2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.25 mg/l benzylaminopurine (BAP), then transferred to basal WPM for embryo induction. Somatic embryos became visible as early as 2 weeks following transfer to a hormone-free medium. Embryogenic response after 10 weeks on basal medium varied significantly between cultivars and among sampling dates within cultivars. Immature zygotic embryos collected in a developmental stage of rapid cotyledon expansion 15 weeks post-pollination gave the highest embryogenic response, which was 54.7% in ‘Desirable’ and 85.2% in ‘Stuart’ after 10 weeks on basal medium. There was no significant effect of duration on conditioning medium on embryogenic response in either cultivar. The effect of different trees as explant sources was not significant in ‘Stuart’ but was significant in ‘Desirable’. Conversion of somatic embryos to plantlets hase been obtained in limited numbers following desiccation treatments and transfer of embryos to light.
Hemodynamic results of right atrial pacing in cardiac subjects.

SUMMARY The effect of increasing heart rate above control sinus rate was investigated in 136 patients with pulmonary emphysema or rheumatic or congenital heart disease. Bipolar right atrial electrode catheter pacing was utilized to increase the atrial rate. At all atrial pacing rates, significant cardiac output increments are noted compared to the outputs during the control sinus rates. The cardiac indices are generally similar at the various atrial pacing rates.
Influence of glycerol and water activity on the properties of compressed egg white-based bioplastics

Abstract In this paper, the effects of glycerol (35%, 40% and 45%) and water activity (0.34 and 0.48) on the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of compressed egg white-based bioplastics are investigated. Lighter, more reddish and less yellowish sheets with a decreased thickness and second-order transition temperature, improved mechanical properties (increased flexibility and decreased rigidity and stiffness) and constant moisture content can be obtained by increasing water activity. Increasing the GLY content results in the same type of changes but to a lesser extent and increased moisture content. Increasing both, water activity and GLY, leads to a more pronounced effect for some properties. This study demonstrates that compressed egg white-based bioplastics with desired properties can be obtained by adjusting water activity and GLY content during their synthesis.
Guidewire entrapment during deployment of the over-the-guidewire stainless steel Greenfield filter: A device design-related complication***

The Greenfield filter (Medi-tech/Boston Scientific, Watertown, Mass) is widely used for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. The latest version is a stainless steel over-the-wire filter. The purpose of the guidewire is to facilitate placement of the device down through the atrium or through tortuous vessels and to prevent tilting of the released filter. A case of entrapment of the guidewire in the filter after deployment through the right internal jugular approach and its recovery by reentering it into the sheath is presented. To prevent this complication, the guidewire should be removed completely before releasing this type of filter. The potential risk of tilting the filter does not outweigh the risk of guidewire entrapment.
Linking models of constituent activity to the management process: Potential for increased value of user surveys

Abstract Fisheries and wildlife managers have become progressively more aware of the need to include user opinions in management decisions, and have also improved their efforts and ability to evaluate these human factors. However, their ability to use survey data to lessen conflict lags behind. We reviewed conceptual models of constituent activity and used them to develop a procedure that may allow managers to identify users who strongly support or oppose an issue from survey data. This procedure aims to focus survey questions to quantify three user attributes: (1) the user opinion of a given issue, (2) the relevance of that issue to the user, and (3) the perceived ability of the user to affect policy decisions. We suggest that these three attributes can be combined into an index of constituent activity (ICA) that may determine the likelihood that the user will contact the agency regarding management actions or proposals. By identifying users and user groups who are likely to oppose an issue, survey data ...
The effects of technological, institutional and fiscal readiness on the extent of nations' e-government

This paper presents a fundamental theoretical model and realises new factor operationalisations for the model in order to explore the effects of three explanatory variables – technological readiness, institutional readiness and fiscal readiness – on the extent of online government services availability across countries. Significant effects are found in a path model with direct effects of t-readiness and i-readiness on e-government, and indirect effects of f-readiness on e-government mediated through t-readiness. Results are discussed, practical implications are drawn and future research directions are offered.
Magnetic correlations in manganites

Manganese ions in a mixed-valent state of two magnetic configurations, ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ and ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+},$ play an important role in the magnetoresistance of ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$-based systems. We describe each Mn ion with the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{4+}$ represented by a spin $S=3/2$ (three localized d electrons in the ${t}_{2g}$ orbitals with their spins ferromagnetically coupled) and the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{3+}$ configuration having an additional localized ${3d\ensuremath{-}e}_{g}$ electron to form a total spin $(S+1/2).$ The ${e}_{g}$ electron hybridizes with conduction electrons (representing the crystal) and the multiple occupancy of the ${e}_{g}$ level is excluded at each site by a large Coulomb energy. We consider a cubic cluster of eight such manganese ions and allow a directed hopping of the ${e}_{g}$ electrons between the Mn sites. Hence, bonding and antibonding levels are formed giving rise to the ferromagnetic double-exchange mechanism, which competes with the antiferromagnetic superexchange between the ${t}_{2g}$ spins of the ions. The spins S are oriented in the magnetic configurations of the A, C, and G phases. In the intermediate valent regime we calculate the ground-state energy, the valence, the population of the various bonding and antibonding resonant levels, the charge susceptibility, the quadrupolar susceptibility, and the response to a charge imbalance between the sites of two ``sublattices'' as a function of the energy of the ${e}_{g}$ level using a mean-field slave-boson formulation. The susceptibilities are a measure for the coupling to phonons, i.e., the formation of small polarons, Jahn-Teller distortions, and charge order, respectively. A crossover between groundstates with different spin configurations is found as a function of the ${e}_{g}$ level energy for reasonable model parameters.
A self-assembling protein kinase C inhibitor.

Abstract Previous studies have described a dicationic anticarcinoma agent that can chemically assemble in situ from monocationic phosphonium salts. The chemical combination of these monocationic precursors in the micromolar concentration range, occurring after their uptake by cells, was probably responsible for their synergistic inhibition of cell growth and for their selective cytotoxicity to Ehrlich ascites murine carcinoma cells relative to untransformed epithelial cells. Here, we report that the dicationic product that forms in this assembly reaction is an in vitro inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) alpha and beta 1 isoforms, exhibiting IC50 values of 20.4 microM and 35 microM, respectively. The monocationic precursors proved to be much weaker inhibitors of PKC (IC50 values greater than 200 microM). When PKC is exposed to combinations of the two precursors, the enzymatic activity decreases steadily as a function of time. Using dose-response data and HPLC kinetic studies, we show that when the two precursor compounds are added as a combination to PKC under these conditions, the rate of formation of the inhibitory product follows the observed time course of decline in PKC activity under identical conditions. We discuss the possibility that antiproliferative effects against carcinoma cells of the preformed dication and of the combined monocationic precursors involve inhibition of PKC.
Behavior of a non-wetting melt in free fall - Theoretical

In a previous paper the experimental equilibrium configurations of a nonwetting liquid in an ampoule were described. Theoretical analyses of these configurations are described here. In a cylindrical ampoule a bubble/bridge configuration is predicted to be stable only up to a critical volume of gas, beyond which separated columns of liquid form. This critical bubble volume decreases as the contact angle of the liquid on the ampoule increases. In a triangular ampoule the liquid contacts the ampoule along the center of the faces and not in the corners. As the contact angle increases beyond 90 deg, the contact width decreases.
Direct Computation Of Higher-Order Dct Coefficients From Lower-Order Dct Coefficients

Direct Computation of Higher -Order DCT Coefficients from Lower -Order DCT CoefficientsBayesteh G. Kashef and Ali HabibiElectronics and Optics Division, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, Calif. 90245AbstractAn efficient algorithm is proposed that computes the coefficients of a higher -orderdiscrete cosine transform (DCT) from the coefficients of a lower -order DCT. The mainfeature of this algorithm is that it calculates the DCT coefficients of the larger blocksizes from the DCT coefficients of smaller block sizes without any need to generate theinverse DCT. It is more efficient than the standard approach, which involves an inverse aswell as DCT, if the standard fast -Fourier transform (FFT) procedure is used. However, itis not as efficient as the standard procedure if DCT and IDCT are generated using the newlydiscovered Winograd Fourier transform algorithm. This paper develops the computationalalgorithm for the one -dimensional DCT, then extends it to the two -dimensional DCT.
Stability of Sodium Nitroprusside and Sodium Thiosulfate 1:10 Intravenous Admixture

Purpose: Thiosulfate has been shown to reduce the risk of cyanide toxicity during nitroprusside administration. Admixtures containing both agents may provide a safe and effective alternative to more expensive agents used to reduce blood pressure in the critically ill patient. This study determined the physical and chemical stability of a 1:10 nitroprusside:thiosulfate admixture, stored up to 48 hours. The economic consequences of a shift toward using thiosulfate and nitroprusside, and away from higher cost alternatives, are considered. Methods: Seven samples of 50 mg nitroprusside and 500 mg thiosulfate were prepared and stored away from light, at room temperature, and in a refrigerator prepared in D5W and NS. Each sample was analyzed via a novel high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method at time 0, 8, 24, and 48 hours. The method was tested and passed specifications for linearity, reproducibility, and accuracy. A visual inspection by 9 licensed pharmacists was used to demonstrate physical stability. A cost evaluation comparing nitroprusside and thiosulfate to alternative agents was completed. Results: The concentration of both nitroprusside and thiosulfate remain greater than 95% of the initial concentration through 48 hours. Physical compatibility was confirmed in all samples tested through 72 hours. Conclusion: The combination of nitroprusside and thiosulfate is chemically and physically stable as a single compounded dose for up to 48 hours when stored at room temperature and protected from light. The admixture represents an inexpensive option to other higher cost alternatives such as nicardipine or clevidipine.
Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Analysis of Propylthiouracil in Pharmaceuticals

A simple, rapid, and stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the assay of propylthiouracil (PTU). The method was used to quantify PTU in topical formulations and in tablets. Excellent linearity was observed between PTU concentration and the peak area (R2= 0.999). The limit of detection was 1 ng, and the limit of quantitation was 1.2 ng. The method proved to be selective. Selectivity was validated by subjecting a stock solution of PTU to acidic, basic, and oxidative degradations. The peaks of the degradation products did not interfere with the peak of PTU. Excipients present in the dosage forms did not interfere with the analysis, and the recovery of PTU from each dosage form was quantitative.
Intelligence for miniature robots

Abstract It seems clear that small robots which take advantage of recent reductions in packaging size and costs of microelectronics can potentially be very useful; even more so if similar savings could be achieved in the actuation and power supply areas. Typically, the computational power required in a robotic system that connects perception to action is enormous, but if the organization of the sensors, actuators and computing elements is carefully laid out, the actual silicon area required for the intelligence system becomes quite small. A viable avenue of pursuit, then, is to aim towards scaling down the rest of the subsystems in a robot to the same scale as the control system, integrating motors, sensors, computation and power supplies onto a single piece of silicon; the advantages being mass productibility, lower costs and the avoidance of the usual connector problems encountered in combining discrete subsystems. By rethinking implementation strategies with this new form of robotic technology (i.e., the application of many very small robots), it may be possible to solve many problems more cost effectively, albeit in novel ways. As the completely integrated robot faces many technology hurdles, it seems necessary to focus on just one or two of the problem areas at a time. It turns out that many of the cost-saving benefits still accrue at small, but macroscopic scales. This paper describes an exercise of building a complete system, aimed at being as small as possible, but using off the shelf components exclusively. The result is an autonomous mobile robot slightly larger than one cubic inch, which incorporates sensing, actuation, onboard computation and on-board power supplies. Nicknamed Squirt, this robot acts as a ‘bug’, hiding in dark corners and venturing out in the direction of last heard noises, only moving after the noises are long gone.
Magnetic behavior of RMn2+xAl10−x (R=La,Gd) crystals

The crystallographic and magnetic properties of the solution grown RMn{sub 2+x}Al{sub 10-x} (R=Gd and La) crystals with tetragonal (P4/nmm) structure are investigated. For these, single-crystal x-ray diffraction results have shown the preferential occupation of excess manganese on the aluminum 8i crystallographic site. Due to excess Mn, there is evidence of local-moment magnetism in LaMn{sub 2+x}Al{sub 10-x} and their random distribution is thought to be responsible for the magnetic correlations below {approx}50 K and the spin-glass behavior below {approx}3 K. For GdMn{sub 2+x}Al{sub 10-x}, the extra manganese influences temperature below which the sample enters into a state with a net ferromagnetic component: T{sub C}{approx_equal}16 K for GdMn{sub 2.21(4)}Al{sub 9.79(4)} and 25.5 K for GdMn{sub 2.39(2)}Al{sub 9.61(2)}. Assuming a linear dependence between T{sub C} and excess Mn concentration, the fully stoichiometric and ordered GdMn{sub 2}Al{sub 10} should have T{sub C}{approx_equal}5 K.
The role of cognitive impairment and caregiver support in diabetes management of older outpatients.

Objectives:To examine the role of cognitive impairment and caregiver support in diabetes care adherence and glycemic control.Methods:Fifty-one veteran male outpatients (27 with caregivers) aged 60 ...
THEORY OF ATOMIC PHOTON--PARTICLE COINCIDENCE MEASUREMENTS.

The theory of measurements in which photons are detected in delayed coincidence with a scattered particle is developed in a form specifically applicable to atomic collisions. Equations are obtained which relate the measured coincidence rate to excitation amplitudes. These equations incorporate the polarization of the radiation, the fine and hyperfine structure of the atomic levels, the coherence of the radiation, and the time dependence of the radiation intensity. A semiclassical model for certain transitions is introduced to illustrate new features of coincidence measurements. The $\mathrm{Ly}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ transitions in hydrogen and $^{1}P\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{1}S$ transitions in He are treated in detail to illustrate the general theory.
An Approximate Analysis for Thermal Convection with Application to Vertical Annulus

An approximate analysis based upon the matching of boundary layer solutions for the hot and cold walls through an approximate core temperature, is presented for the free convective heat transfer in an enclosure of complex geometry filled with either a Newtonian fluid or a saturated porous medium. The method has been applied to obtain the heat transfer rates for a vertical porous annulus, and is observed to make reasonably accurate predictions regarding the effects of the governing parameters.
Anatomical Specialization of the Anterior Motor Speech Area: Hemispheric Differences in Magnopyramidal Neurons

The lateralization of motor speech function to the left hemisphere is supported by multiple lines of evidence, but relatively little is known about the anatomical basis of that specialization. In a preliminary study, we recently reported that area 45 of the left hemisphere (Broca's area) contained a subpopulation of magnopyramidal neurons which were significantly larger than any seen in the homotopic region of the right hemisphere (Hayes & Lewis, 1993a). In the present study we examined a larger sample of cases in order to determine how consistently this difference is present in the population, if it is specific to Broca's area or is a general feature of cortical regions mediating lateralized functions, and whether the subpopulation of large magnopyramidal neurons in left area 45 can be distinguished by their chemical phenotype. In Nissl-stained sections from 19 human brains, the mean (+/- SD) cross-sectional area of the largest layer III pyramidal neurons in area 45 was significantly (p < .0001) greater in the left hemisphere (522.1 +/- 128.3 microns2) than in the right (454.1 +/- 121.5 microns2). This interhemispheric difference appeared to be a unique characteristic of the largest neurons, since the mean size of all layer III pyramids in this area was not significantly different in the left (206.2 +/- 93.5 microns2) and right (213.3 +/- 103.9 microns2) hemispheres. In contrast to area 45, there was no interhemispheric difference in the mean cross-sectional area of the largest layer III pyramids in another lateralized region, primary motor cortex. In addition, in area 46, a region of prefrontal association cortex not known to be functionally lateralized, the mean somal size of the largest layer III pyramidal neurons was significantly (p < .001) smaller in the left hemisphere (402.4 +/- 84.9 microns2) than in the right (437.8 +/- 88.3 microns2). Finally, although the large layer III pyramids in area 45 were immunoreactive for nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein in both hemispheres, the mean cross-sectional area of the largest labeled neurons was significantly larger (p < .002) in the left hemisphere (525.2 +/- 149.0 microns2) than in the right (490.3 +/- 154.1 microns2). These findings demonstrate that layer III of Broca's area contains a distinctive subpopulation of neurons that may play an important role in the specific functional architecture of this region.
Heat pipe thermal control system concept for the space station.

A program was undertaken to design and evaluate a high reliability, long life thermal control system for Space Station application. The program consisted of three sequential steps including the investigation of many thermal control elements to select the most reliable. The elements are combined into several system concepts. The most desirable approach is then selected and its characteristics are determined. The result of this project is a conceptual thermal control system design that employs heat pipes as primary components, both for heat transport and variable temperature control.
The CFA franc zone : currency union and monetary standard

The CFA franc zone comprises a group of countries in central and west Africa whose currencies have been firmly linked to the French franc since 1948. It combines the features of a currency union with those of an exchange rate peg, and an analysis of its effectiveness must examine both dimensions. Viewed from the perspective of a currency union among the African countries, it would appear that the zone would not constitute an optimum currency area. But when France is viewed as an integral part of the system, the benefits--including discipline, credibility, and stability in international competitiveness--become clearer.
Free volume and viscosity of polymer-compressed gas mixtures during Extrusion foaming

Extrusion foaming of molten polystyrene (PS) with three physical foaming agents (PFAs), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, is considered. The concentration of injected PFA was W = 0-5 wt % for CO 2 and W = 0-15 wt % for the other agents. The aim of this work is to connect flow and equation of state (EOS) properties under the temperature and pressure conditions encountered during extrusion foaming. The constant-stress viscosity η at σ 12 ≅ 40 kPa was measured online at temperatures T ≅ 110-210 °C and pressures P ≅ 5-13 MPa. The EOSs of PS and PFA are analyzed in terms of the Simha-Somcynsky lattice-hole theory. The hole fraction, h = h(T,P), is extracted from the analysis of the experimental pressure-volume-temperature data, and a conventional free-volume fraction is also obtained and related to h. Next, these functions are related to the constant-stress viscosity of PS/PFA mixtures in terms of alternative mixture rules. The T, P and composition dependencies of the system viscosity can be satisfactorily expressed in terms of volume-average hole fractions of the two constituents. An analysis of Newtonian viscosities of PS/PFA systems measured by Kwag et al. [Kwag, C., Manke, C. W., and Gulari, E., J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 1999, 37, 2771] under steady-state conditions results in a satisfactory agreement with the developed procedure.
Oöcyte activation in Xyleborus ferrugineus by bacterial symbionts

Abstract In both virgin and mated Xyleborus ferrugineus females, the oocytes in the ovarioles are activated in the presence of bacterial symbionts. Streptomycin sulphate and chlorotetracycline-HCl incorporated in a sodium benzoate-, or in a sorbic acid-based meridic diet, significantly reduced oviposition by, and number of progeny of, ectosymbiotic fungus-free virgin females. ‘G’-potassium penicillin was effective only when combined with a sodium benzoate-based diet. All antibiotic-treated reproductively sterilized females regained fertility upon being transferred to an antibiotic-free diet, and eggs laid by such females contained large numbers of transovarially transmitted symbionts. Bacteria were not found in primary oocytes of antibiotic-treated females that did not oviposit. It is concluded that the observed symbionts are involved in oocyte activation, and thus enable the beetle to reproduce asexually.
The Relationship Between Distress and Delight in Males’ and Females’ Reactions to Frightening Films

Data from Zillmann, Weaver, Mundorf, and Aust's 1986 study suggested that when males viewed a horror film, their levels of reported distress were correlated with levels of enjoyment or delight. For females, distress and delight were not related. Zillmann et al. interpreted these findings in the context of gender role socialization and excitation transfer theory. One limitation of the Zillmann et al. study is that only one film stimulus was used, which raises a question about the generalizability of the pattern of reported sex differences. In addition, no physiological measures of emotional response were reported. In the present research, secondary analyses from two studies were conducted that showed that the pattern of sex differences reported by Zillmann et al. did generalize to other film stimuli. Moreover, results from physiological responses indicated the plausibility of the excitation transfer process.
SNP-SNP interactions dominate the genetic architecture of candidate genes associated with left ventricular mass in african-americans of the GENOA study

Background Left ventricular mass (LVM) is a strong, independent predictor of heart disease incidence and mortality. LVM is a complex, quantitative trait with genetic and environmental risk factors. This research characterizes the genetic architecture of LVM in an African-American population by examining the main and interactive effects of individual candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and conventional risk factors for increased LVM.
Working with children with severe motor impairments as design partners

This paper discusses attempts that have been made to team with children with severe motor impairments in the design of technology to help those children express themselves. The project is still new, and the endeavor extremely challenging, but small successes as well as enormous challenges can be reported and discussed. Much can be learned from the literature and practice of alternative and augmentative communication, in which children are asked to assist in the design and implementation of a communication scheme for that child. The challenge is to integrate these approaches with what has been learned when collaborating with typically-developing children in the design of new technology.
Evolution of Drosophila mitochondrial DNAs Analysis of heteroduplex molecules

Abstract We have mapped the single block of non-homologous sequences and measured the extent and distribution of base-pair substitutions within the homologous sequences in Drosophila melanogaster: Drosophila virilis heteroduplex mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs). Of the 4.8 kilobases long, unusually (A + T)-rich region in D. melanogaster mtDNA, only 0.5 kilobases can react with related, but not identical sequences in D. virilis mtDNA, while the rest (4.3 kilobases in the long arm of a heteroduplex loop) is replaced by a shorter, non-homologous region (1.0 kilobases in the short arm of the loop). No additional heterologous regions are evident. Homologous sequences have accumulated on the average 15.5% base-pair changes. Regionally, these substitutions are relatively uniformly distributed (14.5–16.5%) except for a single, more conserved region (10–13%), which presumably represents the ribosomal cistrons. The lack of general sequence stability suggests that the invariant topographic organization of the nucleotide sequence, previously recognized among Drosophila mtDNAs, is under more stringent selection than the sequence per se.
Vocal communication in frogs

The robust nature of vocal communication in frogs has long attracted the attention of natural philosophers and their biologically inclined successors. Each frog species produces distinctive calls that facilitate pre-mating reproductive isolation and thus speciation. In many terrestrial species, a chorus of simultaneously calling males attracts females to breeding sites; reproductive females then choose and locate one male, using distinctive acoustic cues. Males compete with each other vocally and sometimes physically as well. Anuran acoustic signaling systems are thus subject to the strong pressures of sexual selection. We are beginning to understand the ways in which vocal signals are produced and decoded by the nervous system and the roles of neurally active hormones in both processes.
GROUTED PILE-TO-SLEEVE CONNECTION TESTS

Eighteen grouted pile-sleeve connections were tested to examine the influence of combined loading (moment and axial load), relative shear key location between sleeve and pile, eccentric piles and sleeves, and grout strength. The specimens were divided into six series, each containing three replicates. The results showed that combined loading had no detrimental effect on the ultimate bond capacity of a grouted pile-to-sleeve connection. The ultimate capacity was not affected by extremes in the shear-key arrangements or by variations in the thickness of the grout annulus. The capacity of the connections varied with the square root of the grout strength.
Institutions and local growth coalitions in China's urban land reform: The case of Hangzhou High-Technology Zone

: China's urban land reform is a gradualist process of transforming a planned land allocation system to an open land market system, while the ownership of the land remains under the control of the state. This process defines the relationships between local government and emerging non-public interest groups in the land development process. These issues can be most clearly seen in the State-Approved Development Zones, where municipalities have been encouraged to promote economic development and test out land policy initiatives. Using the institutionalist and urban growth machine analytical approaches to land development processes, this study examines the operation of development processes and the role of local government and its relationship with other interest groups. By employing a case study research strategy, focused upon the Hangzhou High-Technology Zone, the study uncovered a local government-led growth coalition which featured participation by other interest groups and revealed the applicability and variations when applying two strands of theories to a socialist economy in transition. Besides the land reform policy implications drawn from the case study evidence, the study concludes that the presence of interest groups and the missing community organisations unique to China give new theoretical implications and that both theories work much better with the economic domain than with the political domain largely because of a lagged political reform.
Polarizability of H

The electric dipole polarizability of ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ is calculated by the variational method. The computed values of the polarizability corresponding to the unperturbed wave functions of the form (${e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}{r}_{1}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}{r}_{2}}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}{r}_{1}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}{r}_{2}}$) and $({e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}{r}_{1}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}{r}_{2}}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}{r}_{1}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}{r}_{2}}) (1+\ensuremath{\gamma}{r}_{12})$ are 73.6 and 19.5 ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{3}$, respectively.
Ketoconazole kinetics in chronic peritoneal dialysis.

The kinetics of oral ketoconazole in serum and peritoneal fluid were studied in six patients with renal failure receiving peritoneal dialysis. A dose of 400 mg ketoconazole resulted in a maximum blood concentration of 2.3 ± 1.7 µg/ml (X ± SD), which occurred 3.3 ± 1.6 hours after dosing. The serum t½ was 2.4 ± 0.8 hours. Peritoneal clearance values were <1 ml/min, and peritoneal penetration reached 3.4% of the serum concentration by 5 hours. Protein binding studies were also performed. Compared with healthy controls, patients receiving peritoneal dialysis have significantly less ketoconazole serum protein binding. Fifty to eighty percent of the drug is protein bound in the peritoneal fluid, and the unbound concentration is in the same range as that in the serum of healthy individuals with “therapeutic” total ketoconazole levels of 1 to 2 µg/ml. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1985) 37, 325–329; doi:10.1038/clpt.1985.47
Policy Management across Multiple Platforms and Application Domains

One of the challenges of building a policy management framework is making it flexible enough to handle differences in both policy semantics and enforcement strategies across multiple platforms and application domains. The system must be expressive enough in each application domain to provide the richness needed for interesting policies. It must also provide a simple and flexible enforcement mechanism for adaptation to a variety of systems. In this paper we discuss the application of the KAoS policy services framework to human-robot teamwork - an application that involves a variety of application domains and enforcement at different levels of control; from low level network resource control to high level organizational constraints and coordination management. The study culminated in an outdoor field exercise that required coordination of mixed sub teams composed of two people and five robots whose task was to find and apprehend an intruder on a Navy pier.
Ketamine and rapid-acting antidepressants: a window into a new neurobiology for mood disorder therapeutics

Ketamine is the prototype for a new generation of glutamate-based antidepressants that rapidly alleviate depression within hours of treatment. Over the past decade, there has been replicated evidence demonstrating the rapid and potent antidepressant effects of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. Moreover, preclinical and biomarker studies have begun to elucidate the mechanism underlying the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine, offering a new window into the biology of depression and identifying a plethora of potential treatment targets. This article discusses the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ketamine, summarizes the neurobiology of depression, reviews the mechanisms underlying the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine, and discusses the prospects for next-generation rapid-acting antidepressants.
GLSMs for gerbes (and other toric stacks)

In this paper, we will discuss gauged linear sigma model descriptions of toric stacks. Toric stacks have a simple description in terms of (symplectic, GIT) C × quotients of homogeneous coordinates, in exactly the same form as toric varieties. We describe the physics of the gauged linear sigma models that formally coincide with the mathematical description of toric stacks and check that physical predictions of those gauged linear sigma models exactly match the corresponding stacks. We also see in examples that when a given toric stack has multiple presentations in a form accessible as a gauged linear sigma model, that the IR physics of those different presentations matches, so that the IR physics is presentation-independent, making it reasonable to associate CFTs to stacks, not just presentations of stacks. We discuss mirror symmetry for stacks, using Morrison– Plesser–Hori–Vafa techniques to compute mirrors explicitly, and also find a natural generalization of Batyrev’s mirror conjecture. In the process of studying mirror symmetry, we find some new abstract CFTs, involving fields valued in roots of unity.
Active prolific female scholars in communication: An analysis of research productivity, II

The authors analyzed the author's index in the 1992 Index to Journals in Communication Studies to answer several research questions regarding the productivity of female scholars in the field. A list of the top 25 was developed as well as information on where these researchers publish, where they teach, where they received their degrees, and when they received their degrees. Recommendations are made for future studies on service and teaching as well as research.
Inequality and Poverty Under Latin America’s New Left Regimes

Inequality and poverty fell sharply in many Latin American countries during a decade in which voters in ten countries chose left-leaning leaders. Are these developments related? Using data for 18 Latin American countries, this paper presents econometric evidence that social democratic regimes in Brazil and Chile were more successful at reducing inequality and poverty than the so-called populist regimes of Argentina, Bolivia, and Venezuela. Both groups implemented policies to redistribute income, but the social democratic regimes' e orts were more e ective. Argentina and Venezuela started the 1990-2008 sample window with lower levels of inequality, so to some extent recent reductions in inequality are a return to \normal" levels (as estimated by xed e ects). Conversely, inequality and poverty in Brazil and Chile fell to historic lows. Second, overall terms of trade shocks were more favorable to Argentina and Venezuela, so part of the drop in inequality can be attributed to commodity price booms.
Psychological and behavioral factors in dermatitis.

Dermatitis and eczema are described in terms of physiological, psychological, and behavioral characteristics in the sparse psychological literature on this phenomenon. Knowledge is quite limited. Lacking are prospective studies that might demonstrate whether the psychological and behavioral characteristics ate etiological and not merely descriptive. Given the number of persons estimated to experience symptoms of dermatitis (7 to 24 per 1000), further research is warranted on the relationship among dermatitis, scratching, and the psychological factors of stress, aggression, hostility, or other moods. Methodological suggestions and an experimental design are proposed.
Dietary Phosphorus Requirement of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Abstract When channel catfish fingerlings were fed semipurified diets supplemented with monobasic sodium phosphate, their minimum requirement of dietary phosphorus for satisfactory growth and bone mineralization was approximately 0.45%. The addition of calcium (calcium carbonate) to a phosphorus-supplemented diet increased growth rate slightly but not significantly. Availability of phosphorus for channel catfish, as determined by net absorption from the digestive tract, was 90-94% for monosodium and monocalcium phosphate, 65% for dicalcium phosphate (feed-grade), 40% for fish meal, 50-54% for soybean meal, and 25-28% for cereal products.
Collaborative Web Search with WikiLinks

WikiLinks is an approach to collaborative (or social) Web search, where users edit search result. WikiLinks is based on the principle of wikis; it gives users full control of search results and provides support for disambiguation, categories, and tagging.
The Letters of Lupus of Ferrières

I have long been uncertain, most beloved of men, whether or not I should dare to write to Your Excellency, and although other good reasons have kept me from doing it, I have been deterred chiefly by the fear that I might win your displeasure in my desire to gain your friendship. It certainly would have been over-hasty and very strange for me to have accepted the gift of intimate friendship without being in the slightest degree acquainted with you. While I was thus extremely hesitant, the kind and gentle character of your spirit which surely becomes the philosopher gave me hope of realizing my ambition. But,2 that I may seem to have some reason, for I pass over the views of secular writers on friendship for fear that, since you rely so heavily upon them, I may hear, and justifiably so, those words of Horace so often quoted by our wisest men, “Don’t carry wood into the forest,”3 let me say that God, far from leaving any occasion for slighting friends, has indeed commanded that we should thoroughly love our enemies.4 I therefore ask that you will patiently and kindly give me your attention while I express in some detail my thoughts, so that you can know that I have no evil intentions nor attempt this through fickleness of youth.
A Comparison of Tools for Detecting Fake Websites

As fake Website developers become more innovative, so too must the tools used to protect Internet users. A proposed system combines a support vector machine classifier and a rich feature set derived from Website text, linkage, and images to better detect fraudulent sites.