cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis: Counseling Outcomes for Youth with Anxiety Disorders

This meta-analysis concluded that counseling and psychotherapy generally have a small to medium effect in treating anxiety in school-aged youth for termination (waitlist [k = 55;n = 2,959]d = .60[.52- .68]; placebo [k = 14;n = 867]d = .57[.42- .72]; treatment-as-usual [k = 10;n = 371]d = .32[.14- .50]; single group [k = 39;n = 889]d = .42[.37- .48]; and followup (waitlist [k = 22;n = 1,059]d = .51[.39-.63]; placebo [k = 2;n = 154]d = .73[.42-1.03]; treatment-as-usual [k = 9;n = 327] d=.21 [.02-.44]; single group [k = 36;n = 788]d = .58[.51- .65]). The findings of 80 clinical trials were synthesized using a random effects model for mean difference and mean gain effect size estimates. No effects of moderating variables were evident. Implications for counseling practice and future anxiety outcome research are addressed.
The first femtosecond in the life of a chemical reaction

Bombardment of reactants with high-order harmonics of a laser reveals the earliest stages of chemical reactions, which occur faster than a single cycle of visible light.
Seeing is believing: communication modality, anger, and support for action on behalf of out-groups

Relatively few studies have investigated the impact of communication modality (e.g., video vs. print) on political action intentions, as well as what motivates external observers to act when both the victim and perpetrator of injustice are out-group members. The present research experimentally investigated the influence of communication modality of an injustice (text vs. video), where all parties were out-group members, on observers' sympathy, anger, social cohesion to victims, and political action intentions. Participants reported greater intentions to politically act in the video condition, relative to print, which was explained by increased anger in the video condition. In addition, both sympathy and anger were positively related to social cohesion to the out-group, but only anger was associated with political action intentions.
SOURCES OF APPLE ODOR ATTRACTIVE TO ADULT PLUM CURCULIOS

We evaluated olfactory attraction of overwintered plum curculio (PC) adults, Conotrachelus nenuphar, to volatiles from extracts of host and nonhost plant tissues in the laboratory using a still-air dual-choice bioassay system. In experiments evaluating four different solvents, hexane and water proved to be better than dichloromethane and methanol for extracting nonpolar and polar attractive compounds, respectively, from host McIntosh apple tissues. Significantly more PCs were attracted to volatiles from hexane extracts of host wild plum fruit at bloom, and host wild plum and McIntosh fruit at two weeks after bloom, than to volatiles from hexane extracts of nonhost honeysuckle fruit at either phenological stage. In every case, for hexane-extracted or water-extracted volatiles from McIntosh apple tissues (twigs, leaves, or fruit) at seven phenological stages of development (pink through five weeks after bloom), greatest numerical responses were recorded to volatiles from extracts made between bloom and two weeks after bloom. We conclude that source material used to identify volatile components of McIntosh apple odor attractive to PCs should be collected between bloom and two weeks after bloom.
Oral Manifestations of Pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Review of the Literature

Oral lesions are the source of substantial HIV-associated morbidity in both adults and children. In addition, certain oral lesions are markers for progressive immunologic dysfunction and HIV disease progression. For these reasons, careful and continuous assessment of oral health is an integral part of comprehensive HIV disease treatment. Available information suggests that HIV-infected children have many of the same oral manifestations observed in HIV-infected adults, but distinguishing features have been noted. Prospective pediatric studies are needed to determine the prevalence and natural history of oral lesions, to examine the relationships between immunologic and virologic markers of HIV disease status and the occurrence of oral manifestations, to evaluate changes in the oral microbial flora of HIV-infected children over time, and to assess the causative nature of oral lesions comprehensively.
A THEME OF FAIRNESS REVISITED: LORD MANSFIELD'S LEGACY FOR A HOLISTIC THEORY OF CONTRACT TODAY

A THEME OF FAIRNESS REVISITED: LORD MANSFIELD'S LEGACY FOR A HOLISTIC THEORY OF CONTRACT TODAY
Charge Regulation and Electrostatic Interactions for a Spherical Particle in a Cylindrical Pore

Previous theoretical analyses of electrostatic interactions for proteins in porous media have assumed that the protein (and pore) surface maintains either constant charge or constant potential during the interaction; however, the actual surface charge is determined by the extent of the surface ionization and binding reactions, both of which are altered when the protein enters the pore due to the change in the local ionic environment caused by the distortion of the electrical potential field. Theoretical calculations for the electrostatic potential are performed for a spherical particle in a cylindrical pore, accounting for this charge regulation phenomenon using a linearized form of the charge regulation boundary condition. The equilibrium partition coefficient in the pore is then evaluated from the free energy of interaction. Specific calculations are provided for the protein bovine serum albumin, with the charge regulation parameters evaluated from a model for the detailed protein charge characteristics. Model predictions are compared with experimental data for the bovine serum albumin sieving coefficient at different pH and ionic strength. These results provide important insights into the effects of charge regulation on the magnitude of the electrostatic interactions between charged proteins and charged pores.
Effects of antiglaucoma medications on bovine trabecular meshwork cells in vitro.

Abstract Using an in vitro culture system, we investigated the effects of five antiglaucoma drugs on growth and morphologic characteristics of bovine trabecular meshwork cells. Epinephrine hydrochloride (55-550 μM) and pilocarpine hydrochloride (0·8-16 mM), when added to the cultures for 3 days, inhibited trabecular cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest concentration at which the inhibitory effect was observed was 109 μM and 0·8 mM, respectively, for epinephrine and pilocarpine. Dipivefrin hydrochloride (26-260 μM), timolol maleate (116-1160 μM), and levobunolol hydrochloride (150-1500 μM) were also added to the cells for 3 days. These drugs caused a reduction in cell density, respectively, at concentrations higher than 103, 460, and 616 μM. Cell elongation was seen in cultures treated with epinephrine and dipivefrin, whereas levobunolol and timolol induced the cells to adopt a rounded appearance. Cells that had been exposed to pilocarpine were enlarged with numerous vacuoles. By scanning electron microscopic techniques, epinephrine, timolol, and levobunolol were found to retard the phagocytosis of latex beads by trabecular meshwork cells. Immunostaining with the use of antibodies to vimentin and actin revealed disorganization and condensation of cytoskeletal fibers in trabecular meshwork cells after treatment with epinephrine and dipivefrin. Little change was seen with comparable concentrations of a preservative, benzalkonium chloride, and a vehicle, Liquifilm tears. These results showed that antiglaucoma drugs, depending on their concentrations, may profoundly influence the growth and activity of trabecular meshwork cells.
Targeted disruption of the FGF2 gene does not prevent choroidal neovascularization in a murine model

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the major cause of severe visual loss in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Laser treatment is helpful for a minority of patients with CNV, and development of new treatments is hampered by a poor understanding of the molecular signals involved. Several lines of evidence have suggested that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) plays a role in stimulating CNV. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using mice with targeted disruption of the FGF2 gene in a newly developed murine model of laser-induced CNV. One week after krypton laser photocoagulation in C57BL/6J mice, 34 of 60 burns (57%) showed fluorescein leakage and 13 of 16 (81%) showed histopathological evidence of CNV. At 2 weeks, CNV was detected in 9 of 10 burns (90%) in which a bubble had been observed at the time of the laser treatment. Electron microscopy showed fenestrated vessels with large lumens within choroidal neovascular lesions. Two weeks after laser-induced rupture of Bruch's membrane, 27 of 36 burns (75%) contained CNV in FGF2-deficient mice compared with 26 of 30 (87%) in wild-type control mice, a difference that is not statistically significant. This study demonstrates that FGF2 is not required for the development of CNV after laser-induced rupture of Bruch's membrane and provides a new model to investigate molecular mechanisms and anti-angiogenic therapy in CNV.
The phakomatoses as paracrine growth disorders (paracrinopathies)

A microcomputer database management system retrieved all 170 probands with phakomatoses evaluated through the genetic clinics at the University of South Florida between January 2, 1982 and December 31, 1987. Neurofibromatosis (NF) was the diagnosis of 118 of them; 42 had other phakomatoses and 10 had transitional phenotypes difficult to classify. The analysis of the hamartomas of all probands indicated disorganized differentiation and overgrowth of cell species characteristic for the involved tissue and location. Abundance of extracellular fibrillary components was also evident in most hamartomas. Adequate blood supply was a conditio sine qua non. This was seen in monogenic, sporadic, transitional and combined phakomatoses alike and implied a common pathogenesis. The paracrine growth factors and their regulation emerged as the most plausible common denominator for the pathogenesis. A unitary pathogenetic hypothesis is proposed that the phakomatoses represent paracrine growth regulation disorders (paracrinopathies). Conditions such as fibromatoses, lipomatoses, lipodystrophies, hemihyper/hypotrophies, including Russell-Silver and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes may be proven to be paracrinopathies as well.
Semi-Arid Region Analysis of Soil Physicochemical Property in Mine Spoils and Phytoremediation Research

Semi-arid region of Soil repair in Mine spoils is a problem of worthy of attention and research, this paper assesses Fuxin mining area and YuanBaoShan mining area for test site, five kinds of site types are divided based on the investigation of mine spoils damage situation, and testing each sitetype of soil physical properties and the change of soil nutrient systematically, and doing the five kinds of sitetypes’phytoremediation research based on it. The evaluation results indicate: Mine spoils soil along with the increasing length of stopping discharging the gangue, the soil physical and chemical characteristics improve gradually. Through the research of vegetation and soil interaction relations we get the best Reclamation vegetation types of the Mine spoils. Mine spoils is an important form of land degradation, is one of the major environmental problems of today's world. This paper assesses Fuxin mining area and YuanBaoShan mining area for test site, testing each site type of soil physical properties and the change of soil nutrient systematically, and on the basis of experiments, putting forward the best Reclamation vegetation types for mine spoils.
Formation of Year Classes in Largemouth Bass

Abstract Early life history of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) at Lake George and adjoining sloughs, Anoka County, Minnesota, is described. Bass spawning first occurred 2-5 days after mean daily water temperature exceeded 60° F. Two hundred and sixty-six nests were found on needlerush, waterlily roots, humps of fibrous material, aquatic vegetation, and sand in 10 to 62 inches of water. Egg survival at time of hatching varied from 0 to 94 percent. Percentage of successful nests from a single spawning period varied from 0 to 100. Number of fingerlings per brood 2 weeks after rising from the nest varied from 500 to 12,715 fish with mean brood size of 5,600 in 1956 and 1957 and 3,600 in 1958. Analyses of bag-seine catches showed 1.0, 5.5, 10.0, and 1.3 fingerlings per 1,000 square feet in 1955, 1956, 1957, and 1958, respectively. Number of yearlings in the four year classes at the beginning of the second summer of life were 0.05, 0.42, 0.93, and <0.05 per 1,000 square feet. Year classes were weak in 1...
HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT OF DIAZEPAM IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS (SHR)

To test if hypertension in SHR is related to exaggerated central responsiveness to environment, Diazepam (D) was chronically administered from the newborn period to adulthood. Four groups (10 each) were studied receiving either daily D 0.02 mg/gm S.C. or D vehicle (V): (1) SHR-D; (2) SHR-V; (3) normotensive control (NC-D); (4) NC-V. Tailcuff blood pressure was consistently 20-30 mm Hg lower in SHR-D than SHR-V (p<.01). Blood pressure of NC-D and NC-V were similar. Pulse rate was similar. Vasomotor reactivity was studied at 12 weeks by hindquarter vascular resistance. Though SHR-V developed high vascular resistance (VR), VR in SHR-D was reduced (p<.05), the VR of NC-D and NC-V were similar. The change in vascular resistance to norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), barium chloride (BaCl2), angiotensin (Ang) and acetycholine (ACH) are summarized below: (*p<.05;]not significantly different) Response to lumbar sympathetic stimulation was blunted in SHR-D. Conclusions: D, by peripheral and or central mechanisms depresses vascular smooth muscle reactivity to a wide variety of stimuli, however these effects are related to a hypotenslve action only in SHR.
Inhibition of Glycine Oxidation in Cultured Fibroblasts by Isoleucine

Extract: Cultured fibroblasts were shown to oxidize glycine to CO2-Isoleucine (10 mM) inhibited glycine oxidation to CO2 by about 60% in a concentration range of from 0.025 to 10 mM glycine in fibroblasts grown from a patient with β-ketothiolase deficienty. Glycine oxidation by control cell lines was not inhibited by isoleucine. These studies demonstrate an interrelation between isoleucine catabolism and glycine oxidation in fibroblasts cultured from a patient with the ketotic hyperglycinemia syndrome. Speculation: Hyperglycinemia and hyperglycinuria seen in the “ketotic hyperglycinemia” syndrome would appear to be secondary to accumulation of products of isoleucine catabolism. Thus, the varying levels of glycine reported in the serum and urine of these patients probably reflect differences in protein and isoleucine intake than rather primary blocks in glycine metabolism.
Remission from substance dependence in U.S. Whites, African Americans, and Latinos.

The authors investigated remission from any type of substance dependence in Latinos, African Americans, and Whites using the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a national sample of community adults. Analyses focused on the 4,520 participants who indicated prior-to-last-year dependence on either alcohol or drugs. Outcome was categorized as current substance dependence or abuse, current use, or abstinence. Whites reported greater likelihood of substance dependence, and African Americans and Latinos were just as likely to remit as Whites once social support and age are controlled. The outcome variable “time to remission” produced a similar pattern of results.
MMAS-1, the Branch Point Between cis- and trans-Cyclopropane-containing Oxygenated Mycolates in Mycobacterium tuberculosis*

The proportion of mycolic acid containing trans-substituents at the proximal position of the meromycolate chain is an important determinant of fluidity of the mycobacterial cell wall and is directly related to the sensitivity of mycobacterial species to hydrophobic antibiotics. MMAS-1, an enzyme encoded in the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of methoxymycolates, was overexpressed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and shown to result in the overproduction of trans-cyclopropane and trans-olefin-containing oxygenated mycolic acids. MMAS-1 converted a cis-olefin into a trans-olefin with concomitant introduction of an allylic methyl branch in a precursor to both the methoxy and ketone-containing mycolic acids. In addition to an increase in the amount of trans-mycolate, MMAS-1 expression resulted in a substantial increase in the amount of ketomycolate produced relative to methoxymycolate. Thus MMAS-1 may act at a complex branch point where expression of this enzyme directly affects the cis- to trans-ratio and indirectly affects the keto to methoxy ratio. Overexpression of MMAS-1 resulted in a substantially slower growth rate at moderately elevated temperature, decreased thermal stability of the cell wall as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and an increased permeability to chenodeoxycholate. These results provide experimental evidence for the intermediacy of trans-olefinic mycolate precursors in trans-cyclopropane formation and suggest that increasing the proportion of the polar ketomycolate subclass may exert a significant fluidizing effect on the cell wall.
Distribution of rubidium between sodic sanidine and natural silicic liquid

Phenocrysts of sodic sanidine from twelve upper Cenozoic units of silicic ash-flow tuff and lava from the Western United States contain from 0.25 to 0.45 the Rb present in the associated groundmass materials. The ratios of potassium to rubidium in the sanidines are, on the average, about four times greater than those of the groundmass. Separation of phenocrystic sanidine from salic melts provides an efficient method for raising the Rb content and lowering the K/Rb ratio of the melts, although the amount of differentiation probably is limited by continuous reequilibration of the alkalis between crystal and liquid phases through ion exchange. Syenites of cumulate origin will have appreciably lower Rb contents and higher K/Rb ratios than the melts from which they precipitated. Available data on the distribution of Rb between synthetic biotite and K-sanidine demonstrate that the separation of biotite probably will not deplete salic melts in Rb relative to K.
The design and evaluation of a lightweight multi-view interaction metaphor for 3D visualization in the CAVE

We explore the design of a multi-view interaction metaphor for 3D visualization in the CAVE. We then present the results of a formative evaluation of a "Wizard of Oz" [Kelley 1984] prototype. Although there has been significant prior work on 2D and 3D desktop applications utilizing multiple views, little prior work exists for multi-view systems in immersive virtual environments such as the CAVE, despite the clear advantages enjoyed by desktop analogues. Immersive 3D environments pose unique challenges for such a system. Since the contents of such views are themselves 3D, it is unclear whether users will be able to easily read views independently of one another, as in a naive implementation they might become intermingled; even in a system that is conscious of this problem, some vantage points may cause depth ambiguity problems which make it difficult to read each view. In addition, interaction techniques for controlling and managing such views must be explored. Thus, formative empirical testing is warranted to determine the viability of such a system.
Smooth Motion Control of the Adaptive Cruise Control System With Linear Quadratic Control With Variable Weights

A virtual lead vehicle scheme is introduced to make the switching between the speed control algorithm and the distance control algorithm unnecessary. This method is shown to provide a good reaction for when a lead vehicle cuts in or out. A linear quadratic controller with variable weights is suggested to control the virtual lead vehicle. This scheme shows improved performance in terms of passenger comfort and fuel efficiency of the host vehicle.© 2010 ASME
Reversed stability conditions in transient finite element analysis

Abstract Numerical methods which introduce artificially unstable modes are discussed. In structural and elastodynamics these results from optimal mass lumping with higher-order elements. In fluid mechanics an additional source of these modes can be a penalty function with alternating signs. These modes yield unstable modal equations; however, they do not necessarily imply unstable ttransient integration in the presence of algorithmic damping. Stable integration can be achieved by satisfying a stability condition in which the roles of space-step and time-step are reversed. Elastodynamics, the Navier-Stokes equations, and non-Newtonian fluids provide numerical examples.
Computerized literature searching on a core internal medicine clerkship

The use, acceptance, and benefits of computerized literature searching by medical students during an internal medicine clerkship were evaluated. A year‐long prospective comparison of two student groups was performed in a community‐based medical school with five clinical sites. All third‐year medical students were required to supply two nontextbook references for each assigned patient evaluation during their core medicine clerkship. All 37 students enrolled in the second and fourth quarters of the academic year (Group 1) used the computer bibliographic retrieval service BRS Colleague® through five local modern‐equipped terminals to obtain their references. The 40 students in the first and third quarters (Group 2, controls) obtained their references without doing computer searches themselves. All Group 1 students felt capable of using the system, and 96% felt the service was helpful to their clinical learning. When compared with the control group, students using the computer search spent less time looking f...
Tutorial: Concurrency with Alice 3 and Java

In this special session, attendees will learn about techniques for teaching concepts of concurrency with Alice 3's latest release of a Java IDE plugin. The new plugin makes use of Java 8's lambda expression to provide a Do together control structure with simpler syntax. Using this technique and Java 8 plugin, students in early-level programming courses can make use of Alice's Do together control structure to create concurrent threads in their Java code.
Antipentylenetetrazol activity of diazepam: A site of action

The site at which pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and diazepam interact was explored. Neither Ro (15-1788, a benzodiazepine DZ) receptor antagonist, nor 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxagolo (5,4-c) pyridin-3-ol, (THIP), a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor ligand, alone had any effect on the incidence of PTZ-induced seizures. Ro 15-1788 inhibited the anti-PTZ activity of diazepam but not that of pentobarbital. THIP had no effect on the anti-PTZ activity of diazepam even after toxic doses. Combination studies with diazepam and progabide (GABAA receptor ligand) or diazepam and pentobarbital demonstrate that the anti-PTZ activity of the individual components interact additively. These results imply that (GABA-independent BDZ receptors contribute to the anti-PTZ action of BDZs).
Realizing Theory: The Philosophy of Science Revisited

Contemporary issues in the philosophy of science, and the recent turn to scientific realism in political theory, prompt both a reconsideration of the nature of theory in social scientific inquiry and an examination of current attempts to appropriate philosophical arguments in support of images of theory and the relationship between social science and political practice. Metatheoretical claims about the explanation of social phenomena and about the possibilities of a critical social science are not a substitute for a substantive theory of social reality and a confrontation with the practical issue of the relationship between political theory and politics.
Looking Beyond “Information Provision”: The Importance of Being a Kiosk Operator in the Sustainable Access in Rural India (SARI) Project, Tamil Nadu, India

Information and communication technology (ICT)-based development projects are based on the premise that ICTs can reduce acute information asymmetries by providing information, and that this reduction, in turn, leads to economic development. However, is it in their role as information providers that such projects shape the most change? Based on a study of the Sustainable Access in Rural India (SARI) project in Tamil Nadu, I argue that this ICT-based kiosk project shaped change less by the provision of information to an entire community than by the spaces for interaction that it opened up specifically for female kiosk operators. In their role as intermediaries between the state and citizens, operators in this project started to see the state differently and were, in turn, perceived differently by the village community.
Understanding the trade-offs in multi-level cell ReRAM memory design

Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) is one of the most promising emerging memory technologies as a potential replacement for DRAM memory and/or NAND Flash. Multi-level cell (MLC) ReRAM, which can store multiple bits in a single ReRAM cell, can further improve density and reduce cost-per-bit, and therefore has recently been investigated extensively. However, the majority of the prior studies on MLC ReRAM are at the device level. The design implications for MLC ReRAM at the circuit and system levels remain to be explored. This paper aim to provide the first comprehensive investigation of the design trade-offs involved in MLC ReRAM. Our study indicates that different resistance allocation schemes, programming strategies, peripheral designs, and material selections profoundly affect the area, latency, power, and reliability of MLC ReRAM. Based on this analysis, we conduct two case studies: first we compare MLC ReRAM design against MLC phase-change memory (PCM) and multi-layer cross-point ReRAM design, and point out why multi-level ReRAM is appealing; second we further explore the design space for MLC ReRAM.
Extended Thermodynamic Scaling from a Generalized Parametric Form

A generalization of the parametric representation for thermodynamic scaling is proposed, introducing a new critical exponent $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$. Expansions about the critical point are deduced for the fluids, and to lowest order the asymptotic power-low forms are recovered. An exponent $1\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is obtained for the diameter of the coexistence curve. Experimental data are shown to support the predicted forms.
Excusing Elementary School Students from Regular Classroom Activities for the Study of Instrumental Music: The Effect on Sixth-Grade Reading, Language, and Mathematics Achievement

The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether significant differences exist in sixth-grade reading, language, and mathematics achievement between students who are excused from regular classroom...
Coping with Hobgoblins: Rethinking Journals Processing in the E-Journals Environment at the University of South Florida

Many libraries grapple with how to develop new skills for processing electronic journals, while still handling the print format. Journals in a print format have always been complex, and adding the electronic component has made them more so. Few libraries are increasing staff to handle this workload. The University of South Florida Tampa Library has tried a number of workflow changes – not always successfully – to handle this transition. This paper will explore these changes, explain why some were not successful and why others have resulted in efficiencies, and will conclude with lessons learned that could benefit others.
Proteases catalysing processing and degradation of Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor during seed maturation

Abstract Examination of the levels of the Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (KSTI) in the seed at various stages of seed maturation shows a slow phase of accumulation followed by a rapid phase when the seeds have reached half their maximum fresh weight and 83% of maximum length. The rapid accumulation is coincident with two changes in the activities of proteases relating to the Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor. One change is a decline in the activity of a protease catalysing the conversion of the KSTI to a form with an Mr 5 500 smaller than the mature form found in the dry seed. This form eventually disappears, suggesting it to be an intermediate in a proteolytic degradation of the Kunitz inhibitor. The second change is an increase in the activity of a protease catalysing the proteolytic processing of the precursor form to the mature form of the KSTI. Both the precursor form of KSTI and the proteolytic degradation intermediate are found in vivo, indicating that the enzyme activities found in seed extracts are indeed functioning in the intact developing seed.
A planar lens based on the electrowetting of two immiscible liquids

This paper reports the development and characterization of a planar liquid lens based on electrowetting. The working concept of electrowetting two immiscible liquids is demonstrated with measurement and characterization of contact angles with regard to externally applied electric voltages. Consequently, a planar liquid lens is designed and implemented based on this competitive electrowetting. A droplet of silicone oil confined in an aqueous solution (1% KCl) works as a liquid lens. Electrowetting then controls the shape of the confined silicone oil and the focal length of the liquid lens varies depending upon an applied dc voltage. A unique feature of this lens design is the double-ring planar electrodes beneath the hydrophobic substrate. While an outer ring electrode provides an initial boundary for the silicone oil droplet, an inner ring works as the actuation electrode for the lens. Further, the planar electrodes, instead of vertical or out-of-plane wall electrodes, facilitate the integration of liquid lenses into microfluidic systems. With the voltage applied in the range of 50–250 V, the confined silicone oil droplet changed its shape and the optical magnification of a 3 mm-diameter liquid lens was clearly demonstrated. Moreover, focal lengths of liquid lenses with diameters of 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm were characterized, respectively. The obtained results suggest that a larger lens diameter yields a longer focal length and a wider range of focal length change in response to voltage. The demonstrated liquid lens has a simple structure and is easy to fabricate.
Single Coronary Artery with Fistula, Right Aortic Arch, Bicuspid Aortic Valve, and Pulmonary Stenosis: A Rare Combination

We report a case of a 10-month-old Chinese girl with single left coronary artery, left coronary artery-to-right ventricle fistula, pulmonary stenosis, and right aorta arch with bicuspid aortic valve. The diagnosis was made by transthoracic echocardiography and confirmed by angiography. A surgical repair was performed with closure of the fistula at the point where it drained into the right ventricle plus a pulmonary valvulotomy.
Higher-order skewness and excess coefficients of some probability distributions applicable to optical propagation phenomena

Expressions are derived for higher-order skewness and excess coefficients using central moments and cumulants up to 8th order. These coefficients are then calculated for three probability distributions: (1) Log-normal, (2) Rice-Nakagami, and (3) Gamma distributions. Curves are given to shown the variation of skewness with excess coefficients for these distributions. These curves are independent of the particular distribution parameters. This method is useful for studying fluctuating phenomena, which obey non-Gaussian statistics.
A Factor and Cluster Analysis of the Perceived Institutional Context of Academic Advising

Data from the 1992 membership survey were analyzed based on two ideas: advisors can report their perceptions of their work environments, and these perceptions vary across the NACADA membership. First, a perceptual “space” was defined. Second, in the context of this perceptual space, respondents to the 1992 membership survey were empirically grouped based upon their reported perceptions. We described the “perceptual space” of advisors and profiled the “types” of groups statistically identified. The relevance of these groupings toward the programming and delivery of advising services was considered and is presented below.
Coupled Circular Cylindrical Rods Between Parallel Ground Planes

The normalized self and mutual capacitances of periodic, circular cylindrical rods located between parallel ground planes are presented graphically. The capacitances were determined by solving the appropriate integral equation by numerical methods. Charts of self and mutual capacitance are given for rod diameter-to-ground plane spacing ratios varying from 0.05 to 0.8 and for very small to very large spacings between rods. Accuracy of the data is believed to be generally better than 2 per cent for the normalized mutual capacitance and generally better than 1 per cent for the normalized self capacitance. An approximate design method is also presented that permits using the data to synthesize filters (such as interdigital and comb-line filters) that require rods of nonequal diameters and spacings. An example of the design method is given, and a filter is constructed from the resulting data. The filter response was measured and found to agree closely with that called for by the theory.
Ventricular Free Wall Rupture in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Despite a progressive reduction in acute myocardial infarction mortality over the years, death related to ventricular free wall rupture has not changed. This is mostly related to the catastrophic presentation and death within minutes in the majority of these patients. Once rupture is suspected, bedside echocardiography should be performed immediately, followed by pericardiocentesis and repair of the rupture site as quickly as possible. Measures to prevent cardiac rupture include the administration of beta-blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors unless contraindications exist, and the avoidance of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents such as ibuprofen and indomethacin.
Pasyon and revolution : popular movements in the Philippines, 1840-1910

Winner of the 1986 Masayoshi Ohira Book Prize Perhaps the single most important monograph to have appeared in modern Philippine history. --David Joel Steinberg, editor of In Search of Southeast Asia Distributed for Ateneo de Manila University Press
Low back pain in the adolescent athlete.

Low back pain in adolescent athletes is a common problem seen in both sports medicine and general pediatricians’ offices [1]. Whereas low back pain in adults has often been believed to be a work-related issue, low back pain in young athletes should be taken seriously as a possible significant problem until fully evaluated. Various studies have shown up to 38% of athletes who present with low back pain have plain film evidence of pars defects [2,3]. Other athletes with low back pain may have normal plain films and show structural problems on either a bone scan or MR image. Because structural problems appear to be quite common in adolescent athletes, more timely and thorough evaluation of these patients is indicated when compared to adult patients with low back pain.
Grouping and multidimensional organization of respiratory sensations

Agreement has not emerged either on the sensory attributes that underlie psychophysical decisions in respiratory magnitude scaling tasks or on the physical stimuli giving rise to human judgments. Accordingly, sensory attributes of respiratory sensations were explored in the present study by adopting scaling techniques designed to help uncover the organization of sensory experiences elicited by various breathing maneuvers. Physical stimulus characteristics underlying human judgments were also considered. Subjects rated the dissimilarity between 45 pairs of breathing maneuvers on a scale ranging from 0 (“no difference at all”) to 10 (“very much difference”). Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling were employed to uncover the perceived grouping among different types of maneuvers and the relative organization of maneuvers in a Euclidean space. Dissimilarity judgments varied primarily as a function of a single attribute, degree or magnitude of external loading, ranging from an infinite respiratory load to no load at all. This continuum may depend on interactions among pressure or tension, airflow, and lung volume displacement. A secondary attribute may relate to airflow direction (inspiration or expiration).
Dynamics of Weighted Composition Operators

We study the dynamic behaviour of weighted composition operators on the space of holomorphic functions on a simply connected plane domain and endowed with the compact open topology. Any such operator is weakly supercyclic if and only if it is topologically mixing and, when the weight is bounded, if and only if the operator has a hypercyclic subspace. We also provide conditions on the symbols that ensure the operator to be Devaney-chaotic and to have a frequently hypercyclic subspace.
Process Integration of Co-Sputtered Bismuth Telluride/Antimony Telluride Thermoelectric Junctions

Incorporation of bismuth telluride/antimony telluride co-sputtered thermoelectric junctions into MEMS devices requires process developments for patterning and encapsulation as well as characterization of properties such as film stress and contact resistance. Test structures are presented for measuring important thermoelectric properties, resistivity, thermal conductivity, carrier concentration, and Seebeck coefficient. A fabrication process is presented that allows the junctions to be deposited, patterned, encapsulated, and etch released. Measurement of the thermoelectric junctions reveals a room temperature figure of merit, ZT, of 0.43 with a total Seebeck coefficient difference of 150 $\mu{\rm V}/{\rm K}$ , resistivities of 17.4 and 7.6 $\mu\Omega\hbox{-}{\rm m}$ , and thermal conductivity of 0.34 and 0.30 W/mK for antimony telluride and bismuth telluride, respectively. The junctions have been incorporated into state of the art uncooled thermopile infrared detectors with a peak detectivity of $3\times 10^{9}~{\rm cm}^{\ast}{\rm Hz}^{1/2}/{\rm W}$ . $\hfill{[2013\hbox{--}0108]}$
Job search behaviors among African‐Americans

Purpose – Research suggests that both internal and external resources are important in determining the level and intensity of job search behaviors among unemployed individuals. Specifically, an external resource, social support, and an internal resource, self‐efficacy, can have positive, facilitative effects on job search efforts. While these relationships are well‐established, the psychological mechanisms that explain the link between these resources and job search behaviors are unclear. This paper aims to explore positive coping and distancing as potential mediators of this linkage in an African‐American sample.Design/methodology/approach – Participants responded to a survey containing the variables of interest at two job fairs in the Southeastern USA (n=223). Of participants, 70 percent were female and the average age was 39. In total, 37 percent of respondents had an undergraduate degree or a more advanced degree, and the average length of unemployment was 9.9 months.Findings – Results suggest that th...
Type I Collagen Is a Genetic Modifier of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 in Murine Skeletal Development

Recessive inactivating mutations in human matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2, gelatinase A) are associated with syndromes that include abnormal facial appearance, short stature, and severe bone loss. Mmp2−/− mice have only mild aspects of these abnormalities, suggesting that MMP2 function is redundant during skeletal development in the mouse. Here, we report that Mmp2−/− mice with additional mutations that render type I collagen resistant to collagenase-mediated cleavage to TCA and TCB fragments (Col1a1r/r mice) have severe developmental defects resembling those observed in MMP2-null humans. Composite Mmp2−/−;Col1a1r/r mice were born in expected Mendelian ratios but were half the size of wild-type, Mmp2−/−, and Col1a1r/r mice and failed to thrive. Furthermore, composite Mmp2−/−;Col1a1r/r animals had very abnormal craniofacial features with shorter snouts, bulging skulls, incompletely developed calvarial bones and unclosed cranial sutures. In addition, trabecular bone mass was reduced concomitant with increased numbers of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and osteopenia. In vitro, MMP2 had a unique ability among the collagenolytic MMPs to degrade mutant collagen, offering a possible explanation for the genetic interaction between Mmp2 and Col1a1r. Thus, because mutations in the type I collagen gene alter the phenotype of mice with null mutations in Mmp2, we conclude that type I collagen is an important modifier gene for Mmp2. Developmental Dynamics 236:1683–1693, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Electronics industry model: a report on two decades of implementation

Abstract In the context of the literature on the implementation of forecasting models, this paper examines the rise and fall of a forecasting company and the evolution of a commercial model for the electronics industry. The model format presents a view of the electronics market as it is perceived among numerous managers and analysts in the industry. Long-term forecasts from three versions of the model, judgement with ratios, input-output, and monthly regression equations are compared. The results indicate that timely data, detailed analysis, and trend forecasts can improve forecasting accuracy, but that problems with implementation strategy can overwhelm model performance.
Carbohydrate transport in Staphylococcus aureus. 3. Studies of the transport process.

Abstract The uptake of carbohydrates by wild-type ( car + ) strains of Staphylococcus aureus was investigated to support the postulate that carbohydrate transport is mediated by specific permeases and a common membrane carrier. Uptake of α-methylglucoside, glucose, lactose and maltose exhibited specificity and saturation kinetics, suggesting an enzymatic step which is presumed to reflect the function of specific permeases. The uptake of sucrose was anomalous in that the rate did not saturate even at high concentrations. A second step, common to the transport of carbohydrates, was indicated: (a) by the ability of one carbohydrate to displace another accumulated within the cells (counterflow); and (b) by the finding that lactose inhibits the uptake of other carbohydrates only in cells previously induced to transport lactose. Lactose, α-methylglucoside, sucrose, and maltose accumulate in cells partially or totally in the form of derivatives. Preliminary experiments on the characterization of these derivatives are discussed but the significance of the derivatives is as yet unknown. The present results are compatible with the essential features of the model proposed by Kepes in 1960 for the transport of β-galactosides across the cell membrane. However, for carbohydrate transport in general in Staphylococcus, it appears necessary to invoke permeases specific for various carbohydrates but a carrier common to all. It is proposed that the car locus is concerned with the formation of a functional carrier.
Ultrasonic visualization of the posterior thoracic aorta in long axis: diagnosis of a saccular mycotic aneurysm.

A saccular aneurysm arising from the descending thoracic aorta was identified ulrasonically in a 60-year-old man with a subsequent pathologic diagnosis of a Listeria monocytogenes mycotic aneurysm. A cross-sectional scanning technique, which permitted visualization of the descending thoracic aorta in long axis, demonstrated a 3 X 5 cm relatively echo-free mass between the heart and the aorta. A communication between the mass and the aorta established the diagnosis of an aneurysm.
Drawing Apprentice: An Enactive Co-Creative Agent for Artistic Collaboration

This paper describes a co-creative web-based drawing application called the Drawing Apprentice. This system collaborates with users in real time abstract drawing. We describe the theory, interaction design, and user experience of the Drawing Apprentice system. We evaluate the system with formative user studies and expert evaluations from a juried art competition in which a Drawing Apprentice submission won the code-based art category.
Rationalist Theories of Politics: A Midterm Report

Rational-choice theories of politics have gained acceptance rapidly and may soon dominate the field. Their popularity is due in part to their real successes, which can be demonstrated in several areas, and to their hypothetical-deductive structure. But some students, in their eagerness to embrace what is by now a theoretical fad, have either ignored inconvenient facts or weakened the theory to fit them. Both the promise and the risk are demonstrated by reference to recent works by Mayhew, Niskanen, Rabushka and Shepsle, and de Swaan.
Characterization of the Effect of Sprouting or Solid-State Bioprocessing by Dietary Fungus on the Antibacterial Activity of Soybean Extracts Against Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most severe food-borne bacterial infections causing Listeriosis. As L. monocytogenes can survive harsh adverse conditions – such as low pH, high NaCl, and refrigeration temperatures – as well as resist current antimicrobial measures such as the use of disinfectants and antibiotics, there is a need for alternative anti-Listeria strategies. In the search for new antimicrobial agents, much recent research has focused on the potential of dietary phenolic compounds. In this study, soybean extracts enriched for phenolic content via dark-germination sprouting or solid-state bioprocessing by the dietary fungus Rhizopus oligosporus or Lentinus edodes were investigated for in vitro antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes growth was inhibited most effectively by R. oligosporus bioprocessed soybean extracts, which showed anti-Listeria activity at total phenolic concentrations as low as 10 µg 100 µL−1. In both sprouted soybean extract and L. edodes-bioproc...
Temporal stability of the emotion‐modulated startle response

In the present study, we examined the stability of one measure of emotion, the emotion-modulated acoustic startle response, in an undergraduate sample. Using the acoustic startle paradigm on two different occasions, we measured stability of affective modulation of the startle response during and following the presentation of pictures selected to be of positive, negative, or neutral emotional valence. The two assessments were separated by 4 weeks. Two groups of subjects were compared: one group that viewed the same pictures at each assessment and a second group that viewed different pictures at the second assessment. We found that viewing different pictures at two assessments separated by 4 weeks yielded moderate stability of the emotion modulation of startle magnitude, whereas subjects who viewed the same pictures at both assessments showed poor stability. Furthermore, this difference was due to the stability of responses to high versus low arousal pictures, not to differences in valence.