cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychogenic syncope? A cautionary note.

Introduction: In some patients with recurrent syncope, the etiology may remain unclear despite extensive evaluation. These patients may sometimes be labeled as having a “psychogenic” cause for their syncope. Methods: We report on three patients with recurrent unexplained syncope (despite extensive evaluation) who were labeled as having a psychogenic cause for their events. In each patient following placement of an implantable loop recorder, their syncopal events were found to be due to periods of prolonged asystole and/or complete heart block. One patient had prolonged asystole for 44 seconds. In each patient, episodes of syncope were eliminated following permanent pacemaker implantation. Conclusion: We conclude that physicians should exercise great caution before labeling any patient's syncope as psychogenic and that prolonged monitoring may be necessary to exclude a potential cardiac rhythm-related etiology.
Kindling phenomenon: impairment by auditory stimuli.

Summary: By coupling kindling stimuli with tones, it is shown that kindled epileptiform activity is not easily classically conditioned such that it can be evoked by an auditory stimulus. On the contrary, a tone presented 400 msec before and during the kindling stimulus impedes the rate of kindling. RESUME Le couplage Ďun stimulus Ďembrasement (kindling) avec un son montre qu'une activite eapileptiforme par embrasement n'est pas aisement conditionee suivant le modele classique et ne peut done etre provoquee par un stimulus auditif. Au contraire, un son produit 400 msec avant et pendant le stimulus Ďembrasement empeche la survenue du phenomene Ďembrasement. RESUMEN Emparejando los estiamulos condicionantes con los tonos, se demuestra que una actividad epileptiforme condicionada no lo es tan facilmente, segun el metodo clasico, hasta el punto de que pueda ser evocada por un estimulo auditivo. Mas bien al contrario, un tono que muestre 400 msec antes y durante el estimulo condicionante, interfiere con la frecuencia del con-dicionamiento. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Verknupft man die Kindling-Reize mit Tonen, so last sich zeigen, das die hervorgerufene epileptiforme Aktivitat nicht einfach im klassischen Sinne derart konditioniert wird, das sie durch akustische Reize ausgelost werden kann. Im Gegenteil, ein Ton, der 400 msec vor oder wahrend des Kindling-Reizes appliziert wird, vermindert die Kindling-Quote.
Kin selection in density regulated populations.

The process of kin selection has both intra- and inter-group components ( Hamilton, 1975 , in: Biosocial Anthropology Wade, 1980 ). Group advantageous characteristics can evolve when inter-group differences in fertility are sufficiently great to overcome any within-group disadvantage of the trait. The potential magnitude of inter-group differences in fertility is determined largely by the way a population is regulated. Inter-group differences decrease as the spatial scale over which a population is regulated becomes increasingly localized. The present paper extends previous work by Boyd (1982 , Anim. Behav. 30, 972–982) on the quantitative relation between kin selection and density regulation. A simple genetic model is employed to examine the conditions under which the interaction of local density regulation and kin selection can maintain a stable polymorphism. The ecological factors determining the spatial and temporal scale of density regulation are discussed. Finally, the results are applied to two biological cases in which local density regulation may be influencing the direction of phenotypic plasticity in group advantageous characters.
Hypertext Theory: Rethinking and Reformulating What We Know, Web 2.0.

This article traces the influences of hypertext theory throughout the various genres of online publication in technical communication. It begins with a look back at some of the important concepts a...
Thermal tides in the atmosphere

Margules' theory of thermally induced diurnal and semidiurnal pressure oscillations is extended to the three-dimensional atmosphere by the method of vertical integration. The numerical solutions obtained by Margules for the surface pressure oscillations are retained in the present theory by introducing a suitably defined atmospheric “depth.” A method for calculating the surface pressure oscillation resulting from periodic heating and cooling of layers high in the atmosphere is suggested.
The effect of social feedback on chronic schizophrenic patients.

Abstract Feedback on patterns of social interaction was given to chronic schizophrenic patients at their weekly ward community meetings for a period of four weeks. This feedback produced a significant decrement in aloneness (from an initial level of 80% to 72%) relative to the initial pre-feedback period. Isolation had returned to the initial pre-feedback level six months later at which time a replication of the feedback procedures again produced a similar aloneness decrement. No differences were observed between drug (phenothiazine) and placebo patients.
New approach to assessing clinical quality of care for women: the QA Tool system.

This system provides greater flexibility in evaluating different levels within the health care system, focuses on individuals' overall experiences with health care over a 2-year period, emphasizes process measure which are more useful for accountability purposes, and contains a large number of process indicators across a number of preventive, acute, and chronic care services to fairly represent the quality of care delivered.
Context and semantics for detection of cyber attacks

This paper presents a novel layered cyber-attack detection approach utilising: 1 semantic relationships between attacks to infer possible related suspicious network activities from connections between hosts; 2 contextual information expressed as attack context profiles on top of semantic relationships. The combined use of context and semantics in intrusion detection results in predicting attacks with higher accuracy while decreasing the number of false positives at the same time. A prototype system has been implemented and experiments have been conducted on it. The results exhibit higher or competitive detection rates compared with other existing approaches.
Circuit-specific alterations of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 in the dentate gyrus of aged monkeys

Abstract Age-associated memory impairment occurs frequently in primates. Based on the established importance of both the perforant path and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in memory formation, we investigated the glutamate receptor distribution and immunofluorescence intensity within the dentate gyrus of juvenile, adult, and aged macaque monkeys with the combined use of subunit-specific antibodies and quantitative confocal laser scanning microscopy. Here we demonstrate that aged monkeys, compared to adult monkeys, exhibit a 30.6% decrease in the ratio of NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1) immunofluorescence intensity within the distal dendrites of the dentate gyrus granule cells, which receive the perforant path input from the entorhinal cortex, relative to the proximal dendrites, which receive an intrinsic excitatory input from the dentate hilus. The intradendritic alteration in NMDAR1 immunofluorescence occurs without a similar alteration of non-NMDA receptor subunits. Further analyses using synaptophysin as a reflection of total synaptic density and microtubule-associated protein 2 as a dendritic structural marker demonstrated no significant difference in staining intensity or area across the molecular layer in aged animals compared to the younger animals. These findings suggest that, in aged monkeys, a circuit-specific alteration in the intradendritic concentration of NMDAR1 occurs without concomitant gross structural changes in dendritic morphology or a significant change in the total synaptic density across the molecular layer. This alteration in the NMDA receptor-mediated input to the hippocampus from the entorhinal cortex may represent a molecular/cellular substrate for age-associated memory impairments.
Mechanisms of rotator cuff tendinopathy: Intrinsic, extrinsic, or both?

The etiology of rotator cuff tendinopathy is multi-factorial, and has been attributed to both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms. Extrinsic factors that encroach upon the subacromial space and contribute to bursal side compression of the rotator cuff tendons include anatomical variants of the acromion, alterations in scapular or humeral kinematics, postural abnormalities, rotator cuff and scapular muscle performance deficits, and decreased extensibility of pectoralis minor or posterior shoulder. A unique extrinsic mechanism, internal impingement, is attributed to compression of the posterior articular surface of the tendons between the humeral head and glenoid and is not related to subacromial space narrowing. Intrinsic factors that contribute to rotator cuff tendon degradation with tensile/shear overload include alterations in biology, mechanical properties, morphology, and vascularity. The varied nature of these mechanisms indicates that rotator cuff tendinopathy is not a homogenous entity, and thus may require different treatment interventions. Treatment aimed at addressing mechanistic factors appears to be beneficial for patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy, however, not for all patients. Classification of rotator cuff tendinopathy into subgroups based on underlying mechanism may improve treatment outcomes.
Alienation and Knowledge-Seeking: A Note on Attitude and Action

A two-step survey procedure was used to obtain an unobtrusive measure of knowledge-seeking behavior on the part of workers whose prior alienation had been determined. Two forms of alienation (the sense of powerlessness, and engagement in intrinsically unrewarding work) were at issue as potential instigators of “search” behavior. The prediction was that these alienations operate independently—high work alienation being an index of “need” for information, and powerlessness an index of low “expectancy” concerning its likely utility. Respondents were provided with a controlled occasion for seeking information about improved work opportunities. The evidence indicates that: (1) the two forms of alienation relate to “search” behavior in different ways (most especially, high work alienation goes with greater search); (2) the effort to show an interaction effect for the two alienations (greatest search where need is high and expectancy for control is also high) was only modestly successful; and (3) seeking information about work, and being low in powerlessness, both correlate as expected with high scores on objective political knowledge. The data are interpreted in the light of prevalent notions concerning the unity of various urban alienations and prevalent concerns about the relation between alienated attitudes and individual behavior.
Prosecution of Child Abuse A Meta-Analysis of Rates of Criminal Justice Decisions

This study meta-analyzed rates of criminal justice decisions in 21 studies of prosecution of child abuse. Rates of referral to prosecution, filing charges, and incarceration varied considerably. Rates of carrying cases forward without dismissal were consistently 72% or greater. For cases carried forward, plea rates averaged 82% and conviction rates 94%. Compared to national data, child abuse was less likely to lead to filing charges and incarceration than most other felonies but more likely to be carried forward without dismissal. Diversion, guilty plea, and trial and conviction rates were about the same for child abuse and all violent crimes. Thus, prosecuting child abuse is generally neither feckless nor reckless. Rates can be misleading and cannot be the sole measure of prosecution success.
Preoperative predictors of cost in medicare-age patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract Background . Identification of preoperative factors that contribute to the cost of coronary artery bypass grafting could aid in predicting the procedure's expense. In this study, 30 sociodemographic and clinical preoperative factors were examined with "survival analysis" techniques to determine characteristics related to total hospital cost. Methods . Characteristics of all patients age 65 or older undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting from July 1993 to April 1995 (n = 757) were recorded. Software was developed within the hospital's Transitions Systems, Inc, database to calculate the outcome variable of total cost. Nonparametric methods were used for the univariate analysis of the data, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for the multivariable analysis, censoring 25 patients who died in the hospital. Results . Median hospital cost from the day of the operation until discharge was $15,198. Median length of stay after the operation was 6 days. Multivariable analysis revealed that age, preoperative renal failure, history of cerebrovascular accident, low ejection fraction, and surgical urgency were independent predictors of total cost. Conclusions . This study, using an accurate representation of true hospital cost and a modeling technique that accounts for the confounding effect of in-hospital death on cost, provides a template for analysis of cost in other patient groups.
Transport layer protocol for optical flow-switched networks

We explore transport layer protocol design for an optical flow-switched (OFS) network. The design guarantees the reliable delivery of data files over an all-optical end-to-end flow-switched lightpath which is a burst-error channel due to gain transients in EDFAs. TCP performs poorly for OFS. TCP flow control and fair resource allocation with windowing are unnecessary in OFS networks since they are done via scheduling. In our protocol design, we optimize throughput efficiency and delay using file segmentation and reassembly, interleaving with forward error-correction and frame retransmission.
Competitive pricing in the electric industry

Abstract This paper deals with pricing in an increasingly competitive electric industry. Many electric utilities face the prospect over the next several years of losing a portion of their industrial load to alternative suppliers and technologies. ‘Bypass’ has become a major concern for electric utilities. This paper first outlines the basic economic issues associated with bypass and the choices confronting regulators when bypass has begun, or is imminent or a real possibility. It then examines different pricing options for accommodating bypass, focusing on the major features of a flexible pricing rule based on the theory of contestable markets. This rule is designed to effect optimal bypass and thereby maximize the total economic benefits of competitive forces emerging in the electric industry
Human cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb: characterization and mapping of a multigene family

Abstract We report the isolation and sequence of a human heart cDNA coding for cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit Vlb (COX VIb). This cDNA extends 50 bp upstream from the region coding for the mature peptide. By Northern analysis, a single transcript of approx. 550 nucleotides (nt) has been identified in six human tissues. Southern analysis of human genomic DNA demonstrates the presence of multiple loci that show high homology to the cDNA. These loci cosegregate with either five or six different human chromosomes in human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. Using the COX6b cDNA, genomic sequences representing two of these loci have been isolated and characterized. The nt sequence analysis suggests that both loci represent COX6b pseudogenes.
A localized collocation meshless method (LCMM) for incompressible flows CFD modeling with applications to transient hemodynamics

The current paper reports on the development and validation of a localized collocation meshless method (LCMM) to model laminar incompressible flows. A high order upwinding scheme was devised to dampen the numerical oscillations arising in convection-dominated flows. Subsequently, the LCMM was analytically validated and demonstrated to yield third-order accurate solutions when compared to a benchmark analytical decaying vortex solution. Numerical validations are provided by comparison with the finite volume commercial (FVM) solver Fluent 6.2. The flow geometry for the numerical validation arises from a biomedical application that consists of modeling blood flow in the interconnection between a bypass graft and an artery. Very good agreement was found between the LCMM and the FVM.
Role of progesterone in nonhuman primate implantation

Herein we review the morphological and physiological effects of estradiol and progesterone (P) on the nonhuman primate uterus. Progesterone action acts to prepare the endometrium for embryo implantation, which normally occurs only during a brief period in the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. During this window of implantation, P stimulates secretory morphological differentiation and suppresses estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), in the endometrial functionalis zone. Reduced endometrial ERalpha is a definitive physiological marker for the onset of endometrial receptivity in primates. These actions of P are specific for the functionalis zones, and P does not fully inhibit ERalpha in the glands of basalis zone of nonhuman primates. Paradoxically, during the secretory phase of the cycle, progesterone receptor (PR) is also reduced in the glandular epithelium of the progestin-responsive functionalis zone. Therefore, P action on the epithelium in the functionalis zone may be mediated by paracrine factors arising from the PR-positive cells in the stroma. Genomic analysis of the endometrium of women and nonhuman primates has revealed numerous secretory phase genes that may contribute to differentiation of the endometrium. However, the exact nature and function of these putative factors have been elusive. We propose that nonhuman primates, especially macaques, can provide a valuable animal model for experimentally testing the functional role of P-regulated genes on endometrial receptivity.
Cranberry Proanthocyanidins and the Maintenance of Urinary Tract Health

One of the major health benefits attributed to the ingestion of cranberry juice is the maintenance of urinary tract health. Traditionally, the juice was thought to cause acidification of the urine resulting in a bacteriostatic effect. However, recent research has demonstrated that a bacterial antiadhesion mechanism is responsible. Proanthocyanidins with unique molecular structures have been isolated from cranberry fruit that exhibit potent bacterial antiadhesion activity. Little is known about the bioavailability and structure-activity relationships of cranberry proanthocyanidins. Data on how certain structural features of the molecules can influence bioactivity and bioavailability are reviewed.
Effects of Cd++ on short-circuit current across epithelial membranes

Cadmium ion (Cd++) was found not to inhibit active sodium transport across the isolated frog skin when added in 10−3m concentration to the basal-lateral surface. The same Cd++ concentration similarly had no effect on Na+ transport across the isolated epithelial cell layer from the frog skin, although this dose of Cd++ did inhibit Na+ transport across the frog urinary bladder and large intestine. When 10−3m Cd++ was added to the apical surface of the isolated frog skin or to the isolated epithelial cells from the frog skin, sodium transport was reversibly stimulated, in contrast to the irreversible inhibition noted above. If equimolar cysteine was added with Cd++ to the apical surface of the skin, however, active Na+ transport was irreversibly inhibited. In conjunction with the inhibition produced by equimolar Cd++ and cysteine, isotopic Cd++ permeation into the tissue was three times higher when added with cysteine than in the absence of cysteine. Thus, the effects of Cd++ on epithelial Na+ transport is variable according to the epithelium studied and the presence of potential carrier molecules.
Comparative hemodynamic and hormonal response of enoximone and dobutamine in severe congestive heart failure.

Abstract The peak hemodynamic effect and hormonal response of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor enoximone (MDL 17,043) were compared with those of dobutamine in 10 patients with severe congestive heart failure. Both agents significantly (p
Heavy-Traffic Limits of Queueing Networks with Polling Stations: Brownian Motion in a Wedge

We consider two serial single-server stations in heavy traffic. There are two job types: All jobs visit station 1 and then station 2. Station 1 processes jobs in an exhaustive service or gated service fashion; station 2 uses an arbitrary nonidling service discipline. Neither station incurs switchover delays. We prove two heavy-traffic limit theorems (HTLT) for the diffusion-scaled, two-dimensional total workload process: one for when the first station implements exhaustive service and the other for when gated service is employed. Our limiting processes are two-dimensional Brownian motions in a wedge, a type of reflected Brownian motion (RBM). The limiting process under exhaustive service is equal in distribution to the limiting process that one obtains when the first station performs one of two buffer priority policies.
Distortional Buckling Tests on Cold-Formed Steel Beams

Failure in cold-formed steel beams is generally initiated by one of three instabilities: local, distortional, or lateral-torsional buckling. For cold-formed steel joists, purlins, or girts, when the compression flange is not restrained by attachment to sheathing or paneling, distortional buckling may be the predominant failure mode. Experimental results on cold-formed steel beams with unrestrained compression flanges are scarce. Therefore a series of distortional buckling tests on cold-formed steel C and Z sections in bending was conducted to establish the capacity in distortional buckling failures. Test details were selected to allow distortional buckling to form, but restrict lateral-torsional buckling to the extent possible. These distortional buckling tests also provide a direct comparison against the local buckling tests previously performed by the writers. As expected, large strength reductions are observed in the tested specimens when distortional buckling initiated the failure instead of local buckling. U.S., Canadian, and joint North American standards for design, which are known to primarily focus on local buckling, provided unconservative predictions of the observed strength. The Australian/New Zealand Standard and the direct strength method, which provide explicit methods for calculating the capacity in the distortional buckling mode, provided reasonably accurate and reliable predictions.
Migration, Stress, and Health

Migration is defined as any permanent change in residence. It has long been seen as a stressful life event because it entails tremendous social and economic costs with uncertain benefits. Depending on situations in both the place of origin and place of destination, the migration experiences vary across individuals. The initial high mental distress and the gradual decline of physical health, however, is a common pattern. Keywords: health; migration; stress
Feedforward control for disturbance rejection: Model matching and other methods

Feedforward control can improve disturbance rejection performance of a system when the measurement of the disturbance is available. This paper discusses the design of feedforward control in the discrete-time domain using the model matching methods that compute optimal and stable feedforward controllers. It is shown that the existence of a non-zero solution to the model matching problem depends on the difference between the relative degrees of the plant dynamics and the disturbance dynamics. A number of approximate dynamic inversion techniques commonly used for feedforward control design are reviewed and compared with the model matching methods. These feedforward control design methods are then applied to the application of an example tape head track-following servo system where the feedforward controller aims at reducing the position error caused by the lateral tape motion. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the feedforward control.
A method of evaluating large numbers of system alternatives.

This paper outlines a method for combining alternatives for each of the factors bearing on a design decision and rank ordering all possible configurations of alternatives. The method permits the rank orderings to be based on the judgments of a relatively large number of persons having diverse points of view and experience but concerned with a common design problem. This method was used to rank order a large number of alternative reporting techniques that might be utilized within a context of a computer-based tactical image interpretation facility for each of four man-computer communication tasks. Results from the application of this method were compared with a scaling of stimuli using Thurstone's law of categorical judgment technique and with the results of a related experimental study.
Negative affectivity, restriction of emotions, and site of metastases predict mortality in recurrent breast cancer

Abstract Objective: To assess whether negative affectivity and restriction of emotions predict survival time with recurrent breast cancer. Methods: Thirty-two patients with recurrent breast cancer, diagnosed 6–19 months earlier and stabilized using surgical, medical and/or radiation therapies, were enrolled. Cox regression survival analyses, including initial severity of metastases (RR=4.3 [1.3–14.3]; p =0.02), were used to explore the association of psychological variables with survival. Results: Low chronic anxiety in the context of low emotional constraint predicted low mortality (RR 0.07 [0.01–0.52]; p =0.007). However, patients with low chronic anxiety scores but with high constraint had higher mortality (RR=3.7 [1.2–11.5; p =0.02). High chronic anxiety, with or without high constraint, also predicted earlier death, as did high control of feelings. Conclusion: An integrated model of negative affectivity in the context of restriction of emotions appears to strengthen the prediction of survival based on severity of breast cancer metastases.
Identification of microsatellite length polymorphism by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay at IL-1β gene locus in cancer cells

It has long been considered that genetic instability is an integral component of human neoplasia, however the frequency of microsatellite instability in human melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer was less evidenced. We report here an alteration at the complex dinucleotide repeat (TC)n sequence in the interleukin 1-β gene locus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay in mouse melanoma as well as in various cancer cells, which may provide a simple, rapid, non-radioactive screening assay for cancer detection.
Endosonography-guided transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts using an exchange-free access device: initial clinical experience.

Endosonography (EUS)-guided transmural pseudocyst drainage is a multistep procedure currently performed with different “off-the-shelf” accessories developed for other applications. Multiple device exchanges over-the-wire is time consuming and risks loss of wire access. This report describes the technical feasibility and outcomes for EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections using a novel exchange-free device developed for translumenal therapy. Between April and November 2010, 14 patients (9 men; mean age, 49.9 years) with pancreatic fluid collection (mean size, 102 mm) underwent 16 EUS-guided drainage procedures using the exchange-free access device at a single tertiary care center. The trocar of the exchange-free device was used to gain pseudocyst access. The dual-balloon catheter then was advanced over the trocar, followed by inflation of the (first) anchor balloon. Cyst contents were sampled, and contrast was injected to define the pseudocyst anatomy. The first guidewire was inserted into the cyst cavity. The cystenterostomy tract was dilated to 10 mm with the (second) dilation balloon, followed by a second guidewire insertion. The exchange-free access device was removed, leaving the two guidewires in place for two double-pigtail stents. The procedure was technically successful for all the patients. No acute procedure-related complications occurred. Late complications included a symptomatic leak in a patient who underwent drainage of a pancreatic uncinate pseudocyst from the second duodenum, a self-limited transfusion-dependent bleed after transbulbar drainage, and symptomatic pseudocyst infection. Pseudocyst access, cystenterostomy tract dilation, and placement of two guidewires for dual stent drainage are technically feasible using an exchange-free access device. The device has the potential to standardize, simplify, and streamline EUS-guided pseudocyst drainage with a single instrument. Comparative studies with alternative tools and methods for pseudocyst drainage are warranted.
BIOECONOMICS OF MANAGING THE SPREAD OFEXOTIC PEST SPECIES WITH BARRIER ZONES

Exotic pests are serious threats to North American ecosystems; thus, economic analysis of decisions about eradication, stopping, or slowing their spread may be critical to ecosystem management. We present a model to analyze costs and benefits of altering the spread rates of invading organisms. The target rate of population expansion (which may be positive or negative) is considered as a control function, and the present value of net benefits from managing population spread is the criterion that is maximized. Two local maxima of the present value of net benefits are possible: one for eradication and another for slowing the spread. If both maxima are present, their heights are compared, and the strategy that corresponds to a higher value is selected. The optimal strategy changes from eradication to slowing the spread to finally doing nothing, as the area occupied by the species increases, the negative impact of the pest per unit area decreases, or the discount rate increases. The model shows that slowing population spread is a viable strategy of pest control even when a relatively small area remains uninfested. Stopping population spread is not an optimal strategy unless natural barriers to population spread exist. The model is applied to managing the spread of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations in the United States.
Effect of Stacking Faults on the X-Ray Diffraction Profiles of Beta-SiC Powders

X-ray diffraction patterns or beta-SiC (3C or the cubic polytype or sic) powders often exhibit an additional peak at d = 0.266 nm, high background intensity around the (111) peak, and relative intensities for peaks which differ from those predicted from the crystal structure. Computer simulations were used to show that all these features are due to stacking faults in the powders and not due to the presence of other polytypes in the powders. Such simulations allow diffraction patterns to be generated for different types, frequencies, and spatial distribution or faults. Comparison of the simulation results to the XRD data indicates that the B-SiC particles consist either of heavily faulted clusters distributed irregularly between regions that have only occasional faults or twins, or the powders consist of two types of particles with different populations of faults: those with a high density of faults and those with only twins or occasional faults. Additional information is necessary to determine which description is correct. However, the simulation results can be used to rule out certain fault configurations.
Blueprint for Action: Visioning Summit on the Future of the Workforce in Pediatrics

The Federation of Pediatric Organizations engaged members of the pediatric community in an 18-month process to envision the future of the workforce in pediatrics, culminating in a Visioning Summit on the Future of the Workforce in Pediatrics. This article documents the planning process and methods used. Four working groups were based on the 4 domains that are likely to affect the future workforce: Child Health Research and Training, Diversity and Inclusion, Gender and Generations, and Pediatric Training Along the Continuum. These groups identified the issues and trends and prioritized their recommendations. Before the summit, 5 key megatrends cutting across all domains were identified: 1. Aligning Education to the Emerging Health Needs of Children and Families 2. Promoting Future Support for Research Training and for Child Health Research 3. Striving Toward Mastery Within the Profession 4. Aligning and Optimizing Pediatric Practice in a Changing Health Care Delivery System 5. Taking Advantage of the Changing Demographics and Expertise of the Pediatric Workforce At the Visioning Summit, we assembled members of each of the working groups, the Federation of Pediatric Organizations Board of Directors, and several invited guests to discuss the 5 megatrends and develop the vision, solutions, and actions for each megatrend. Based on this discussion, we offer 10 recommendations for the field of pediatrics and its leading organizations to consider taking action.
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms

Objectives: In the 2008 World Health Organization classification, cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome that arise after chemotherapy or radiation therapy for a primary neoplasm are considered together as therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (TR-MNs). This concept, however, is not universally accepted since there are confounding variables in attributing myeloid neoplasms to earlier therapies. Methods: Cases in session 6 of the 2013 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology illustrated myeloid neoplasms thought likely to be TR-MNs, and discussed the differences and biologic similarities with de novo myeloid neoplasms. Results: We reviewed data showing that diagnosis of TR-MN alters patient outcome only in specific subsets. The session also included examples of therapy-related AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities, such as t(15;17), inv(16), and t(8;21), and reports were highlighted showing that patients with these neoplasms have clinical outcomes similar to patients with their de novo counterparts. Conclusions: The study of TR-MNs will likely provide insight into the pathogenesis of de novo myeloid disease and may explain why some patients with cancer develop TR-MN and evidently have a higher genetic susceptibility, whereas most patients treated with the same agents do not. These studies will also result in critical reappraisal of current concepts related to TR-MNs.
Metabolomic Assessment of Key Maize Resources: GC-MS and NMR Profiling of Grain from B73 Hybrids of the Nested Association Mapping (NAM) Founders and of Geographically Diverse Landraces

The present study expands metabolomic assessments of maize beyond commercial lines to include two sets of hybrids used extensively in the scientific community. One set included hybrids derived from the nested association mapping (NAM) founder lines, a collection of 25 inbreds selected on the basis of genetic diversity and used to investigate the genetic basis of complex plant traits. A second set included 24 hybrids derived from a collection of landraces representative of native diversity from North and South America that may serve as a source of new alleles for improving modern maize hybrids. Metabolomic analysis of grain harvested from these hybrids utilized gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) techniques. Results highlighted extensive metabolomic variation in grain from both hybrid sets, but also demonstrated that, within each hybrid set, subpopulations could be differentiated in a pattern consistent with the known genet...
Observation of the Dynamics of Nuclear Systems Using Sliding Mode Observers

AbstractSliding mode control is an effective methodology for controlling systems with variable structures, providing a systematic approach to the problem of maintaining stability and consistent performance in the presence of modeling imprecision, uncertainties, and disturbances. The observation problem of the uncertain and nonlinear nuclear systems is investigated by using sliding mode observers (SMOs). Three different applications with uncertainties are under consideration: point reactor kinetics equations, nonlinear xenon dynamics, and a U-tube steam generator system. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the SMO.
Informatics and data science: an overview for the information professional

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the emerging field of data science, its significance in the larger information landscape and some issues that distinguish the problems of data science and informatics from traditional approaches in the information sciences. Design/methodology/approach – Through a general overview of the topic, the author discusses some of the major aspects of how work in the data sciences and informatics differ from traditional library and information science. Findings – Data science and informatics, as emerging fields, are expanding our understanding of how the massive amount of information currently being generated can be collected, managed and used. While these may not be traditional “library” problems, the contributions of the library and information science communities are critical to help address aspects of these issues. Originality/value – The emerging fields of data science and informatics have not been extensively explored from the perspective of the information professional....
Beyond citizenship: emergent forms of political subjectivity amongst migrants

This article traces the formation of the International Migrants Alliance (IMA) through a study of its leading organisations and central campaigns. Founded in 2008 by 108 self-described ‘grass-roots’ migrant organisations, the IMA is a transnational coalition of groups from nearly every continent of the world. I suggest that through their work in IMA, migrants express a new form of political subjectivity, a form of ‘migrant labour transnationalism.’ Migrant labour transnationalism, unlike the homeland-oriented, citizenship-based, state-supportive forms of migrant political transnationalism generally identified in the scholarship, is based on counter-hegemonic nationalisms through which migrants contest their home states’ complicity with the project of neoliberal globalisation. Migrant labour transnationalism is, moreover, formed through contentious forms of political engagement and new transnational networks through which migrants are cultivating class-based collective identifications.
"Flow visualization" juxtaposed with "visualization of flow": Synergistic opportunities between two communities

Visualization is often employed as part of the simulation science pipeline. It is the window through which scientists examine their data for deriving new science, and the lens used to view modeling and discretization interactions within their simulations. We advocate that, as a component of the simulation science pipeline, visualization itself must be explicitly considered as part of the Validation and Veri cation (V&V) process. But what does this mean in a research area that has two \disciplinary" homes { \ ow visualization" within the computer science / computational science visualization area and \visualization of ow" within the aeronautics community. Are aeronautics practitioners merely making use of algorithms developed within the visualization community that have now become \standard" through their incorporation into various visualization tools, or rather does one nd both development of algorithms and their usage for studying fundamental and engineering uid mechanics in both communities, with possibly di erent focus. By narrowing the distance between research and development, and use of visualization techniques, one is left with a fertile ground for insights, and for increasing the reliability of results through V&V. In this paper, we explore \ ow visualization" from the perspective of the visualization community and \visualization of ow" from the perspective of the aeronautics community in an attempt to understand how both communities can interact synergistically to bring visualization into the simulation science pipeline. We provide a brief review of the state-of-the-art in ow visualization from the perspective of both communities, discuss advances in research areas such as color maps/perception and uncertainty visualization about which the AIAA community should be aware, provide some observations from both perspectives on visualizations currently published in two of the communities’ representative journals (IEEE TVCG and AIAA Journal), and then conclude by highlighting some areas of possible synergistic interaction that might bene t both communities.
Can the heuristic model of positive terror management enhance prosocial values and reduce intergroup conflict? The case of Muslims in the USA

The aim of this paper is to discuss how intergroup conflict in the USA has recently escalated between Muslim Americans and the broader non-Muslim American population after the recent Boston Marathon bombing terrorist attack perpetrated by ‘homegrown’ Muslim American terrorists. The recent intergroup conflict leads Muslim Americans to be falsely stereotyped as sympathetic to terrorism, and thus are identified as a social outgroup within the USA. The evolution of terror management theory (TMT) into the heuristic model of positive terror management (HMPTM) will explain how individuals can manage mortality salience with threats of outgroup members in a socially constructive manner through cultural worldviews and the application of prosocial cultural values, such as empathy and forgiveness. This paper will conclude with future recommendations to further understand the relationships among prosocial cultural values; thus, potentially mitigating intergroup conflict within the USA which has been continuously plagued with violence associated with Muslim terrorist activity.
Computer vision-based displacement and vibration monitoring without using physical target on structures

AbstractAlthough vision-based methods for displacement and vibration monitoring have been used in civil engineering for more than a decade, most of these techniques require physical targets attached to the structures. This requirement makes computer vision-based monitoring for real-life structures cumbersome due to need to access certain critical locations. In this study, a non-target computer vision-based method for displacement and vibration measurement is proposed by exploring a new type of virtual markers instead of physical targets. The key points of measurement positions obtained using a robust computer vision technique named scale-invariant feature transform show a potential ability to take the place of classical targets. To calculate the converting ratio between pixel-based displacement and engineering unit (millimetre), a practical camera calibration method is developed to convert pixel-based displacements to engineering unit since a calibration standard (a target) is not available. Methods and a...
Determinants of Internet-enabled Transparency at the Local Level: A Study of Midwestern County Web Sites

The purpose of this study is to examine the premise that increased Internet access leads to higher levels of governmental transparency. In so doing, we assess the impact of geographic, demographic, socioeconomic, and institutional factors on governmental transparency in 816 out of 1055 counties in the twelve Midwestern states. The findings from the most extensive ordered logistic model show that total land area, population density, percentage of minority population, educational attainment, and the council–manager form of government are statistically associated with higher levels of government transparency at the county level via the Internet.
Preparation and in vitro Evaluation of Ginsenoside Rh_2 Liposomes Surface-modified with Glycyrrhetinic Acid

Objective: To encapsulate ginsenoside Rh2 within glycyrrhetinic acid modified liposomes and investigate its physicochemical properties and in vitro inhibitory effect on SMMC-7721 cells. Method: Ginsenoside Rh2liposomes( Rh2-L) and ginsenoside Rh2 liposomes surface-modified with glycyrrhetinic acid( GA-Rh2-L)were prepared by film dispersion method,UPLC was employed to determine the content of ginsenoside Rh2 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-water( 28 ∶ 72),flow rate of 0. 3 m L·min-1and detection wavelength at 203 nm.Encapsulation efficiency( EE),particle size,Zeta potential and in vitro release were measured,MTT experiment was adopted to evaluate inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rh2 solution,Rh2-L and GA-Rh2-L on SMMC-7721 cells.Result: Modification of glycyrrhetinic acid showed no effect on physicochemical properties of Rh2-L,such as EE,particle size,Zeta potential and in vitro release. EE of Rh2-L and GA-Rh2-L were( 91. 67 ± 1. 05) % and( 95. 54 ±2. 23) %,average particle size of them were( 138. 6 ± 45. 8) nm and( 146. 5 ± 48. 9) nm,Zeta potential of them were-( 12. 75 ± 0. 34) m V and-( 14. 79 ± 0. 67) m V,respectively. In vitro release of ginsenoside Rh2 from Rh2-L and GA-Rh2-L within 72 h were( 84. 67 ± 7. 23) % and( 89. 03 ± 8. 61) %,while ginsenoside Rh2 solution released( 91. 23 ± 5. 17) % within 12 h. In vitro cytotoxicities( IC50) of GA-Rh2-L on SMMC-7721 cells was increased by 0. 524 fold compared with ginsenoside Rh2 solution and 0. 596 fold compared with Rh2-L. Ginsenoside Rh2 solution, Rh2-L and GA-Rh2-L all inhibited proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in dose-and-time-dependent manners. Conclusion: Glycyrrhetinic acid modification can not affect physicochemical properties of Rh2-L,and it can increase targeting efficiency of liposomes on hepatocellular carcinoma,thus resulting in higher cytotoxicities in comparison with Rh2-L. This study provides new ideas for targeted-therapy to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Regulation of pulsatile LH secretion by ovarian steroids in the heifer.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate relationships among luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol-17 beta (E2) and progesterone secretion during the preovulatory period in the heifer after prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha)-induced regression of the corpus luteum. A second objective was to elucidate the effects of E2 in regulating LH secretion. In Exp. 1, LH, E2 and progesterone concentrations were determined in serial samples collected during the preovulatory period after PGF2 alpha-induced luteal regression in five Red Angus X Hereford heifers. Progesterone declined to 1 ng/ml by 12 h after the second injection of PGF2 alpha. Frequency of LH pulses increased linearly (P less than .01), whereas no change in amplitude of LH pulses was detected before the preovulatory LH surge. This resulted in a linear increase (P less than .01) in mean LH concentrations. Estradiol also increased in a linear manner (P less than .01), and the rise in E2 was parallel to the increase in mean LH concentrations. In Exp. 2, 12 Angus X Hereford heifers were ovariectomized and administered either 13.5- or 27-cm silastic implants containing E2 at ovariectomy. Four heifers served as nonimplanted controls. Thirty-one days after ovariectomy all heifers were bled at 12-min intervals for 6 h. Frequency of LH pulses declined linearly (P less than .03) while mean LH (P less than .09) and pulse amplitude (P less than .01) increased linearly as E2 dose increased. These results indicate that a reduction in progesterone increases the frequency of LH pulses during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle in cattle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)