cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Challenges to diagnose metaplastic carcinoma of the breast through cytologic methods: an eight-case series

Because metaplastic carcinoma of the breast encompasses a great variety of histopathology, diagnostic challenges abound, especially within the realm of cytology. The authors compiled and studied an eight-case series comprised of metaplastic breast carcinomas and lesions initially suspicious cytologically for metaplastic carcinoma in order to assess the degree of cytologic-histologic correlation and to identify recurring problematic themes surrounding the cytology-based diagnosis of this neoplasm. The cytologic and histologic slides from eight cases suspicious for metaplastic breast carcinoma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) were collected and analyzed through a seven-year retrospective search of case files at our institution. Based on cytologic characteristics, the cases were separated into three groups. Group 1 consisted of three cases presenting with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and squamoid components on FNA. Group 2 was composed of two cases that featured a monophasic, malignant ductal cell population on cytology, while the cytologic specimens for the third group of cases presented with a mesenchymal component with or without a malignant glandular constituent. Cytologic-histologic correlation was present in two of three cases demonstrating a mesenchymal component, and there was 100% sensitivity in the cytologic detection of those mesenchymal elements. However, in only one of three cases was there an accurate cytologic diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma when squamoid changes were present on FNA. Both cases demonstrating only malignant glandular elements on cytologic specimens revealed an additional component of malignant squamous differentiation upon the examination of mastectomy-derived tissue. These results indicate that squamous-like changes identified on FNA should be interpreted with caution and that sampling error remains a problematic recurrence in cytology. Regardless, there appears to be promise concerning the accurate cytologic diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma when the lesion is characterized by a mesenchymal component. A study implementing a larger case number is essential in determining the significance of these findings.
Cyclin D1 in Human Neuroendocrine: Tumorigenesis

: Human neuroendocrine tumors exhibit unique biological properties, and defining the molecular genetic alterations that underlie these distinctive features remains an important challenge. In addition to the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene, the cyclin D1 oncogene has demonstrated a role in the pathogenesis of parathyroid and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Up-regulation of cyclin D1 is observed early in tumor formation, implying a possible role in tumor initiation. Overexpression of cyclin D1 in the parathyroid glands of mice resulted in the tandem regulation of cellular proliferation and hormonal secretion, a feature intrinsic to neuroendocrine tumors.
THE EFFECTS OF RECIPROCAL PEER TUTORING AND GROUP CONTINGENCIES ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

We evaluated the effects of reciprocal peer tutoring combined with group reinforcement contingencies on the arithmetic performance of 12 underachieving fifth-grade students. Results indicated that the intervention increased the students' arithmetic performance to a level indistinguishable from their classmates during treatment and 12-week follow-up phases. Pre-, post-, and follow-up sociometric data indicated that the students who participated in the treatment groups increased their amount of peer affiliation with other treatment group members.
Drinking to Get Drunk: Pleasure, Creativity, and Social Harmony in Greece and China

This essay examines the multifaceted roles of drinking parties in early Greece and in medieval China. It takes as paradigm examples descriptions of ritual intoxication in Plato's Laws and in the poetry of Ouyang Xiu and Mei Yaochen, arguing that these divergent cultural and philosophical traditions can be both related and made distinct through concepts of pleasure, creativity, and social harmony.
An imaging-based photometric and colorimetric measurement method for characterizing OLED panels for lighting applications

The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has demonstrated its novelty in displays and certain lighting applications. Similar to white light-emitting diode (LED) technology, it also holds the promise of saving energy. Even though the luminous efficacy values of OLED products have been steadily growing, their longevity is still not well understood. Furthermore, currently there is no industry standard for photometric and colorimetric testing, short and long term, of OLEDs. Each OLED manufacturer tests its OLED panels under different electrical and thermal conditions using different measurement methods. In this study, an imaging-based photometric and colorimetric measurement method for OLED panels was investigated. Unlike an LED that can be considered as a point source, the OLED is a large form area source. Therefore, for an area source to satisfy lighting application needs, it is important that it maintains uniform light level and color properties across the emitting surface of the panel over a long period. This study intended to develop a measurement procedure that can be used to test long-term photometric and colorimetric properties of OLED panels. The objective was to better understand how test parameters such as drive current or luminance and temperature affect the degradation rate. In addition, this study investigated whether data interpolation could allow for determination of degradation and lifetime, L70, at application conditions based on the degradation rates measured at different operating conditions.
Tobacco intervention training in graduate psychiatric nursing education programs.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death, with the highest rate of cigarette smoking seen in mentally ill people.OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the content, amount of time, and educational techniques used in tobacco education training for graduate psychiatric nurses. STUDY DESIGN:A national mail survey of all graduate psychiatric nursing education programs.RESULTS:One-third of programs offered detailed (>1 hr) information on stages of change, the 5 A's and 5 R's. The majority of basic science tobacco topics were not covered or were covered briefly, and the 6 sociopolitical topics were not covered by the majority of programs. Training was by the traditional didactic method using scientific literature reviews.CONCLUSIONS:This study provides evidence of the need to improve the education of psychiatric nurses as tobacco interventionists at both the individual level and the legislative and policy formulation level.J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2008; 14(2), 117-124. DOI: 10.1177/10783903...
Visualization and Quantification of Quasi-Static and Dynamic Surface Slopes Using a Reflection-Mode Digital Gradient Sensor

A full-field, reflection-mode Digital Gradient Sensing (DGS) technique capable of measuring small angular deflections of light rays reflected off specularly reflective planar surfaces is developed. The method is aided by 2D digital image correlation principle to quantify angular deflections of light rays. In this paper, the principle of the method is described and the governing equations relating light ray deflections to surface slopes are presented. The method is demonstrated by simultaneously mapping orthogonal surface slopes of a circumferentially clamped silicon wafer subjected to a central deflection. The curvature fields, proportional to stresses in thin plates, as well as surface topography are evaluated from the measured slopes. Subsequently, the method is demonstrated for studying a stress-wave dominant problem of a free, thin, compliant plate subjected to impact by a rigid spherical ball.
Prospective, Head-to-Head Study of Three Computerized Neurocognitive Assessment Tools (CNTs): Reliability and Validity for the Assessment of Sport-Related Concussion

Limited data exist comparing the performance of computerized neurocognitive tests (CNTs) for assessing sport-related concussion. We evaluated the reliability and validity of three CNTs-ANAM, Axon Sports/Cogstate Sport, and ImPACT-in a common sample. High school and collegiate athletes completed two CNTs each at baseline. Concussed (n=165) and matched non-injured control (n=166) subjects repeated testing within 24 hr and at 8, 15, and 45 days post-injury. Roughly a quarter of each CNT's indices had stability coefficients (M=198 day interval) over .70. Group differences in performance were mostly moderate to large at 24 hr and small by day 8. The sensitivity of reliable change indices (RCIs) was best at 24 hr (67.8%, 60.3%, and 47.6% with one or more significant RCIs for ImPACT, Axon, and ANAM, respectively) but diminished to near the false positive rates thereafter. Across time, the CNTs' sensitivities were highest in those athletes who became asymptomatic within 1 day before neurocognitive testing but was similar to the tests' false positive rates when including athletes who became asymptomatic several days earlier. Test-retest reliability was similar among these three CNTs and below optimal standards for clinical use on many subtests. Analyses of group effect sizes, discrimination, and sensitivity and specificity suggested that the CNTs may add incrementally (beyond symptom scores) to the identification of clinical impairment within 24 hr of injury or within a short time period after symptom resolution but do not add significant value over symptom assessment later. The rapid clinical recovery course from concussion and modest stability probably jointly contribute to limited signal detection capabilities of neurocognitive tests outside a brief post-injury window. (JINS, 2016, 22, 24-37).
Angle-supported phakic intraocular lenses for the correction of myopia: Three-year follow-up

Purpose To evaluate patient safety and refractive outcomes in eyes with an angle-supported phakic intraocular lens (pIOL), and to assess the correlation between rotation and corneal endothelial cell damage. Setting Gimbel Eye Centres, Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods This study included patients with moderate to high myopia (range −6.50 to −19.50 diopters [D]) who received the Acrysof Cachet pIOL. Outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), endothelial cell density (ECD), and IOL rotation. Results This study evaluated 119 eyes of 61 patients. The mean ECD decrease from preoperative measurements was 3.11% (n = 46), with a mean IOL rotation of 10.6 degrees (n = 35) at the 3-year postoperative visit. Of the 49 eyes at the 3-year visit measured for UDVA, 98.0% were 20/40 or better and 77.6% were 20/20 or better. The MRSE improved from a preoperative mean of −9.26 diopters (D) ± 2.43 (SD) (range −19.50 to −5.63 D) to −0.33 ± 0.61 D (range −3.12 to +0.71 D) at the 3-year visit. The residual refractive error was within ±0.50 D of the target refraction for 78.4% and within ±1.00 D for 92.2% of the 51 eyes. The study included one bilateral pIOL removal due to endothelial cell loss, one case of synechia, and one case of subtle pupil ovalization. Conclusions No correlation between IOL rotation and ECD decrease was found ( R 2 = 0.0143); the pIOL provided promising refractive outcomes and acceptable safety in patients with moderate to high myopia. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Does Highlighting Concrete Language in Disclosures Mitigate Home Bias

In this study we use an experiment to examine whether home bias is caused, at least in part, by a psychological bias that can be reduced by highlighting concrete language in disclosures. Our results show that, when abstract language is highlighted in a prospectus, prospective investors are significantly more willing to invest in the stock of a domestic firm than a foreign firm, but that highlighting concrete language mitigates this bias. Drawing on psychology theory, we predict and find that the debiasing effect of highlighting concrete language operates via investors’ subjective feelings of comfort with evaluating a prospective investment. Further, using a controlled experiment allows us to manipulate highlighted language without changing differences in investors’ access to or ability to interpret information about the foreign and domestic firm, thus ruling out differences in information as a sufficient explanation for our findings. Our results demonstrate a simple, yet potentially powerful reporting tool of highlighting concrete language in disclosures for reducing sub-optimal decisions among investors, which may provide benefits at the individual, firm and societal level.
Chronic coronary arterial stenosis impairs alpha 1-adrenoreceptor signaling and cardiac performance in rats

Coronary stenosis was induced in rats to determine whether chronic coronary artery constriction resulted in impairment of cardiac pump performance, alterations in alpha 1-adrenoreceptor signal transduction, and inadequate myocardial hypertrophy, and these parameters were examined 6 mo later. A 50% reduction in coronary diameter was associated with an elevation in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, whereas left ventricular peak systolic pressure, rate of pressure rise and decay were reduced. The hypertrophic response was modest, since statistically significant increases of 11% and 23% in left and right ventricular weights were measured. Radioligand binding documented an 18% and a 38% statistically significant reduction in alpha 1-adrenoreceptor density of the left and right myocardium, respectively. ADP ribosylation of the 41-kDa substrate by pertussis toxin showed a 16% significant decrease of this parameter in the left myocardium. Moreover, a 29% decrease in norepinephrine stimulated phosphoinositol turnover was seen in myocytes, and this change was statistically significant. The depressed generation of intracellular second messengers linked to the alpha 1-adrenoreceptors was found in conjunction with a 19% significant reduction in myocardial norepinephrine content. In conclusion, the long-term effects of coronary stenosis involve impaired transduction of adrenergic signals, which, in combination with constraints on myocardial growth, may participate in the onset of ventricular dysfunction in this model.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Ovarian Cancer Treatment and Survival

Purpose: Among patients with ovarian cancer, African American (AA) women experience poorer survival compared with other race/ethnicity groups. This has been attributed to differences in access to health care. Experimental Design: We evaluated racial/ethnic differences in chemotherapy dosing and survival in a cohort study among members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, and thus with equivalent access to health care. Analyses included epithelial-invasive ovarian cancer cases (n = 793) receiving adjuvant first-line therapy of carboplatin and paclitaxel with curative intent, with median follow-up of 50 months. Relative dose intensity (RDI) was computed for carboplatin and paclitaxel separately as dose administered per week divided by expected dose per week, and average RDI (ARDI) was then calculated for the regimen. Proportional hazards regression was used to calculate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for relevant covariates. Results: Compared with whites, AAs were more likely to have dose reduction (ARDI Conclusions: Disparities in ovarian cancer treatment and survival in AA persisted among women with equal access to care. These findings warrant further evaluation of biological, personal, and social factors that may be responsible for these differences. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5909–14. ©2016 AACR.
BOUNDARY LAYER (ATMOSPHERIC) AND AIR POLLUTION | Air Pollution Meteorology

Meteorological conditions play important roles in modulating the ambient concentrations of pollutants through different ways. For example, meteorological variables exert important influences on the formation and fate of pollutants such as ozone and aerosols; meteorological processes (e.g., advection and vertical mixing) dictate the dispersion of pollutants. Thus, accurately simulating meteorological conditions is critical for correctly simulating pollution events. Uncertainties are associated with model treatments for various processes in air quality models. Methods such as ensemble simulation and parameter estimation could potentially improve air quality simulations.
Highly Specific and Sensitive Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Image-Guided Resection of Sub-Millimeter Peritoneal Tumors.

A current challenge in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis is the inability to detect, visualize, and resect small or microscopic tumors of pancreatic, ovarian, or mesothelial origin. In these diseases, the completeness of primary tumor resection is directly correlated with patient survival, and hence, identifying small sub-millimeter tumors (i.e., disseminated disease) is critical. Thus, new imaging techniques and probes are needed to improve cytoreductive surgery and patient outcomes. Highly fluorescent rhodamine-labeled expansile nanoparticles (HFR-eNPs) are described for use as a visual aid during cytoreductive surgery of pancreatic carcinomatosis. The covalent incorporation of rhodamine into ∼30 nm eNPs increases the fluorescent signal compared to free rhodamine, thereby affording a brighter and more effective probe than would be achieved by a single rhodamine molecule. Using the intraperitoneal route of administration, HFR-eNPs localize to regions of large (∼1 cm), sub-centimeter, and sub-mil...
Loss of Stress Sensor GADD45a Accelerates BCR-ABL-Driven Leukemogenesis

Abstract 1668 The bcr-abl fusion oncogene causes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in human. Growth arrest DNA damage 45a (Gadd45a) gene, a member in the gadd45 family of genes including Gadd45b & Gadd45g, is upregulated during myeloid lineage terminal differentiation. It is involved in G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to multiple stressors, including genotoxic and oncogenic stress. To investigate the effect of GADD45A in the development of CML, syngeneic wild type lethally irradiated mice were reconstituted with either wild type or gadd45a null myeloid progenitors transduced with a retrovirally expressed 210-kD BCR-ABL fusion oncoprotein. It was observed that loss of gadd45a accelerates BCR-ABL driven CML resulting in the development of a more aggressive AML like disease. BCR-ABL transformed GADD45A deficient progenitors exhibit increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, associated with enhanced PI3K-AKT-mTOR-4E-BP1 signaling and upregulation of p30C/EBPα and MCL-1 expression. Since Gadd45a functions as a tumor suppressor in murine BCR-Abl driven leukemia, the status of Gadd45a mRNA expression levels was also investigated in human CML samples by utilizing real time PCR analysis. It was found that Gadd45a transcript levels were significantly upregulated in chronic phase CML samples. However in accelerated and blast phase samples, expression was significantly downregulated relative to normal controls. Thus, Gadd45a expression was observed to be altered in human CML samples correlating with disease progression. These results provide novel evidence that gadd45a functions as a suppressor of BCR/ABL driven myeloid leukemogenesis. These data also provide the impetus to further elucidate the role Gadd45a plays in suppressing the development of CML, and explore how its loss contributes to the progression of CML to a more aggressive leukemic phenotype. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Transmission of Polarization-Entangled Photons Through Brain Tissue

We characterize the entanglement after one of two polarization-entangled photons travels through a water-based soft-matter scattering medium: brain tissue. We consider tissue samples of distinct characteristics: thickness, water content, type, treatment and healthy or affected by disease.
A New Proof of Khovanskiĭ’s Theorem on the Geometry of Sumsets

Khovanskiĭ studied how iterated sumsets grow geometrically, and provided the growth polynomial for sumsets as well as an approximation to lattice points inside polytopes. In this paper, we present a new proof of the theorem about geometric growth of sumsets.
Building reverse commute typologies through urban and suburban socioeconomic characteristics

Abstract The problem of employment access for the urban poor is often articulated across the urban-suburban divide in metropolitan areas, such that job opportunities concentrate in suburban areas, at a distance from areas of concentrated, racialized poverty in the inner city. The lack of public transit options that reasonably connect urban workers to suburban job opportunities only furthers this problem. However, transportation scholars have noted that a substantial population of the urban poor take this “reverse” commute. While these studies have grown knowledge on the characteristics of the reverse commuting population and their journey to work, they do not address, to the same extent, the demographic characteristics where reverse commuters live in the city and where they work in the suburbs. To learn more about the equity issues in the reverse commuting problem, this paper uses cluster analysis to develop typologies of commutes based on differences in key socio-demographic indicators between home (origin) and work (destination) geographies. This paper analyzes how commute patterns (intra-urban, suburb-city, etc.) and the number of jobs nested within these commute patterns, concentrate across socio-demographically defined commute typologies. Focus is given to how reverse commutes are distributed across these typologies. Reverse commutes constitute approximately 10% of all commutes in our sample and 10% of all primary jobs (the job that provides a worker the most income of all of their jobs) in the sample are accessed via reverse commute. The paper concludes with a number of transportation and social policy interventions that address issues facing particularly low-income, minority, reverse commuting workers. In light of the literature on metropolitan fragmentation, we recommend redistributive policies that build suburban, municipal accountability to urban, low-income reverse commuters.
Magnetic field control of charge excitations in CoFe2O4

We combine magnetic circular dichroism and photoconductivity with prior optical absorption and first principles calculations to unravel spin-charge interactions in the high Curie temperature magnet CoFe2O4. In addition to revising the bandgap hierarchy, we reveal a broad set of charge transfer excitations in the spin down channel which are sensitive to the metamagnetic transition involving the spin state on Co centers. We also show photoconductivity that depends on an applied magnetic field. These findings open the door for the creation and control of spin-polarized electronic excitations from the minority channel charge transfer in spinel ferrites and other earth-abundant materials.
Synthesis, Structure, and Electrical Properties of the Single Crystal Ba8Cu16As30.

Single crystals of clathrate-I Ba8Cu16As30 have been synthesized and their structure and electronic properties determined using synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and first-principles calculations. The structure is confirmed to be Pm3n (No. 223), with lattice parameter a = 10.4563(3) A, and defined by a tetrahedrally bonded network of As and Cu that forms two distinct coordination polyhedra, with Ba residing inside these polyhedra. All crystallographic positions are fully occupied with no vacancies or superstructure with the Cu atoms, while occupying all framework sites in the network, exhibiting a preference for the 6c site. Agreement between the experimental and theoretically predicted structures was achieved after accounting for spin–orbit coupling. Our calculated Fermi surface, electron localization, and charge transfer, as well as a comparison with the results for elemental As46, provide insight into the fundamental properties of this clathrate-I material.
Newer developments in vinegar manufacture.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents some new factors that are currently important in vinegar manufacture from the production point of view. It is concerned with the most recent advance, namely the use of the deep-fermentation method and application of the method to plant operation in the development of the acetator to make vinegar continuously. Although the generator process has been used in the past for making vinegar from cider, wine, and other fermented fruit products, the packed tank method is rapidly being replaced by installations for submerged fermentation. Modern vinegar production is divided between the older cider and wine products, and vinegar made from pure alcohol or an alcohol denatured with the needs of the vinegar manufacturer specifically in mind. In the United States, two denatured formulas are used. One is SD 18, made by mixing equal amounts of strong vinegar and 95% alcohol. The other is SD 35A, which consists of 95% alcohol to which has been added 5% ethyl acetate. This addition is harmless, and, in fact, vinegar from pure alcohol contains an amount of ester corresponding approximately to this figure. The patents related to any branch of technology reflect the nature of the art and the degree of its development. Until recently, practically all the patents covering developments in the vinegar manufacturing process were designed to cover mechanical improvements.
Natural Sciences: Definitions and Attempt at Classification

The article discusses the formal classification of natural sciences, which is based on several propositions: (a) natural sciences can be separated onto independent and dependent sciences based on the gnosiologic criterion and irreducibility criteria (principal and technical); (b) there are four independent sciences which form a hierarchy: physics â† chemistry â† terrestrial biology â† human psychology; (c) every independent science except for physics has already developed or will develop in the future a set of final paradigms formulated in the terms of the science one step above it in the hierarchy; (d) some paradigms in physics will never become final; (e) each independent natural science has dependent sciences with paradigms already expressed in the terms of the respective independent sciences. Existing paradigms of independent natural sciences are listed and discussed with respect to the degree of their approach to the final state.
Powering Traffic Intersections with Wind and Solar Energy

The chapter presents introductory materials to the decentralized small wind and solar energy applications within roadway infrastructure, which aims to provide a reference for transportation agencies to address the unique issues of roadway wind and solar energy projects, and develop project selection criteria for their jurisdictions. This is done by synthesizing an extensive literature review and providing a project evaluation approach to support decision making. The focus of this chapter is to introduce the use of small wind and solar energy as an alternative power source for signalized intersections. Small wind energy usually refers to small wind turbines with a capacity of less than 100 kW, which are typically used for individual homes and farms. This chapter discusses project siting requirements, energy production estimation, and project costing. A framework of primary project development is presented for integrating small wind and solar energy as an alternative power source at signalized intersections. This framework includes identifying appropriate renewable energy technologies and potential sites through a feasibility study, and evaluating project cost-effectiveness through a benefit-cost analysis. The chapter also introduces some data sources for conducting the physical and economic feasibility studies.
Molecular and genetic aspects of guanylyl cyclase natriuretic peptide receptor-A in regulation of blood pressure and renal function.

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) exert diverse effects on several biological and physiological systems, such as kidney function, neural and endocrine signaling, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular func...
Generating Reward Functions Using IRL Towards Individualized Cancer Screening.

Cancer screening can benefit from individualized decision-making tools that decrease overdiagnosis. The heterogeneity of cancer screening participants advocates the need for more personalized methods. Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), when defined with an appropriate reward function, can be used to suggest optimal, individualized screening policies. However, determining an appropriate reward function can be challenging. Here, we propose the use of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) to form rewards functions for lung and breast cancer screening POMDPs. Using experts (physicians) retrospective screening decisions for lung and breast cancer screening, we developed two POMDP models with corresponding reward functions. Specifically, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) IRL algorithm with an adaptive step size was employed to learn rewards more efficiently; and combined with a multiplicative model to learn state-action pair rewards for a POMDP. The POMDP screening models were evaluated based on their ability to recommend appropriate screening decisions before the diagnosis of cancer. The reward functions learned with the MaxEnt IRL algorithm, when combined with POMDP models in lung and breast cancer screening, demonstrate performance comparable to experts. The Cohen’s Kappa score of agreement between the POMDPs and physicians’ predictions was high in breast cancer and had a decreasing trend in lung cancer.
Pulverklarlack — zukunftsweisend für die Automobilindustrie

Pulverklarlack hat den Durchbruch geschafft. Die positiven Erfahrungen und neue Erkenntnisse uber Qualitat und Wirtschaftlichkeit sprechen fur weitere Anwendungen bei der Serienlackierung von Karosserien.
Detecting Common Insulation Problems in Built Environments using Thermal Images

Proper thermal insulation yields optimum energy expenses in buildings by maintaining necessary heat gain or loss through the built envelope. However, improper thermal insulation causes significant energy wastage along with infusing various damages on indoor and outdoor walls of the buildings, for example, damp areas, black stains, cracks, paint bubbles etc. Therefore, it is important to inspect the temperature variations in different areas of the built environments in regular basis. We propose a method for identifying temperature variance in building thermal images based on Symbolic Aggregated Approximation (SAX). Our process helps detect the temperature variation over different image segments and infers the fault prone segments of leakages. We have collected about 50 thermal images associated with different types of wall specific insulation problems in indoor built environment and were able to identify the affected area with approximately 75% accuracy using our proposed method based on temperature variation detection approach.
Myocardial Ultrastructure in Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis A Study of Operatively Excised Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Muscle in 14 Patients

Electron microscopic studies revealed distinctive abnormalities in operatively resected myocardium from the left ventricular outflow tract in 14 patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Bundles of muscle cells were severely disorganized, with cells running in different directions instead of in parallel. Muscle cells were wider and shorter than in hypertrophy due to other causes and showed increased cellular branching, extensive side-to-side intercellular junctions, widened Z bands, and evidence of formation of new sarcomeres. Some myofibrils were oriented obliquely or perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the cells and some myofilaments that originated from a single Z band inserted into Z bands of other myofibrils. Examination of left ventricular apical myocardium in two patients revealed hypertrophied but normally arranged muscle cells. It is concluded that abnormal architecture of muscle cells is the basic morphologic feature of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
Surgical Resection Versus Endoscopic Therapy for T1bN0 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Increasing surveillance and advances in technology have allowed for earlier detection of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). For early EAC, endoscopic therapy (ET) for T1a tumors (confined to the mucosa) has become widely accepted, and the use of ET for T1b tumors (extending into the submucosa) has been increasing. While the morbidity and mortality associated with ET for T1b EAC is lower than that of esophagectomy, the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) has been reported as high as 54%. Since the presence of LNM remains the most important factor for determining prognosis, the risk of leaving untreated nodal disease after resection is unacceptable. Therefore, for patients with T1bN0 EAC who are good surgical candidates, we recommend esophagectomy. For patients who may be unfit for surgery, ET can be considered after a thorough discussion regarding the risks of undertreatment.
Indicator-Directed Dynamic Power Management for Iterative Workloads on GPU-Accelerated Systems

Modern high-performance and warehouse computing centers show strong interest in minimizing system power consumption while satisfying customer requested quality of service (QoS). Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is effective for achieving this goal. Nevertheless, automating the process online is challenging due to the great complexity — today’s hardware components (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, memory, network, etc.) can be configured in several or dozens of frequency/voltage states for satisfying divergent system demands. Given their combination and the emergence of heterogeneity, searching the optimal configuration in the design space online can be time consuming. Existing work relies on detailed knowledge of workloads, either obtained from extensive offline profiling or intrusive code transformation for fine-grain profiling, unable to transparently support unknown workloads. This work bridges the gap and targets GPU-accelerated systems and applications.We focus on applications exhibiting an interesting feature - iterative or periodic, which is common among conventional HPC and emerging machine learning workloads. We propose an online dynamic power-performance (ODPP) management framework. ODPP runs on the host and dynamically adjusts GPU DVFS configurations to meet performance and power objectives without any code annotation or modification. Particularly, ODPP extracts the performance and power indicators for applications from easily obtained GPU resource utilization profiles in a short episode. The extraction method uses Fourier Transform and incurs minimal cost. ODPP further automatically constructs an accurate model that infers from the indicators how the application’s performance and power vary with GPU core and memory frequencies. Aided with the model, for both seen and unseen applications, ODPP can quickly determine the most appropriate DVFS configuration for their execution. We evaluate ODPP on an NVIDIA GPU using multiple exascale computing (ECP) and deep learning applications. Evaluation results show that ODPP can improve energy efficiency by over 30% under different QoS and improve performance by more than 8% under different power bounds.
Labour Recruitment Systems in Global Production Networks: The Ruralisation of Labour Regimes in South India’s Garment and Textile Industries

This article argues that the labour regime in the garment and textile industries in Tiruppur and Coimbatore, India has transformed from an unorganised feminisation to formalised, ruralised labour, ...
The Public Domain: Surveillance in Everyday Life

People create profiles on social network sites and Twitter accounts against the background of an audience . This paper argues that closely examining content created by others and looking at one’s own content through other people’s eyes, a common part of social media use, should be framed as social surveillance. While social surveillance is distinguished from traditional surveillance along three axes (power, hierarchy, and reciprocity), its effects and behavior modification is common to traditional surveillance. Drawing on ethnographic studies of United States populations, I look at social surveillance, how it is practiced, and its impact on people who engage in it. I use Foucault’s concept of capillaries of power to demonstrate that social surveillance assumes the power differentials evident in everyday interactions rather than the hierarchical power relationships assumed in much of the surveillance literature. Social media involves a collapse of social contexts and social roles, complicating boundary work but facilitating social surveillance. Individuals strategically reveal, disclose and conceal personal information to create connections with others and tend social boundaries. These processes are normal parts of day-to-day life in communities that are highly connected through social media.
DIESELIZATION OF LIGHT AND MEDIUM DUTY COMMERCIAL VEHICLES IN JAPAN

This paper describes the recent trend toward dieselization of light and medium duty trucks in Japan. The customers needs are of prime consideration in engine development. Improvements have been made mainly in the areas of increased power, fuel economy, and anti-pollution. Maximum effort is being applied to meet government regulations both in exhaust emissions and noise. Some of the recent engineering developments in light duty, high speed diesel engines in Japan described.
The Impact of Ethanol and Ethanol Subsidies on Corn Prices: Revisiting History

The rapid rise in corn prices that began in the fall of 2006 coincided with exponential growth in U.S. corn ethanol production. At about the same time, new ethanol consumption mandates were added to existing ethanol import tariffs and price subsidies. This troika of subsidies leads critics to view the ethanol industry as being beholden to subsidies, which then leads to the conclusion that ethanol subsidies lead to high corn prices. But droughts, floods, a severe U.S. recession, and two general commodity price surges have also occurred since 2006. It simply is wrong to assume that none of these factors has influenced corn prices. While we cannot rerun history to see what corn prices would be like today without ethanol subsidies, we can rewrite history in a computer model to estimate what impact subsidies have had on market prices. The model would first need to be calibrated so that its solution re-creates what actually happened in agricultural markets. Then it would need to be rerun after government incentives to produce and consume corn ethanol are removed from the model's equations. The resulting prices can then be compared to the historical record to estimate the market impacts of ethanol subsidies. This is exactly what we did for the 2005 to 2009 corn marketing years using the same model of the agricultural sector that CARD research staff used for the Environmental Protection Agency to estimate land-use changes from biofuels. To further isolate the effects of ethanol on commodity prices, we also ran a scenario in which we froze ethanol production at 2004 levels. A number of issues were clarified through this exercise. First, the general pattern of corn prices that we saw in the historical period-increasing prices in in 2006 and 2007, a price spike in 2008, followed by a sharp price decline in 2009-would have occurred without ethanol subsidies or even if corn ethanol production had not expanded. Second, investor fervor for corn ethanol in 2005, 2006, and 2007 would have occurred even without subsidies because a combination of cheap corn, a phase-out of MTBE, and higher crude oil prices made ethanol profitable. Thus, ethanol production would have expanded quite rapidly even without subsidies. Using the 2004 corn price of $2.06 per bushel as a reference, actual corn prices increased by an average of $1.65 per bushel from 2006 to 2009. Only 14 cents (8%) of this increase was due to ethanol subsidies. Another 45 cents of the increase was due to market-based expansion of the corn ethanol industry. Together, expansion of corn ethanol from subsidies and market forces accounted for 36% of the average increase that we saw in corn prices from 2006 to 2009. All other market factors accounted for 64% of the corn price increase.
A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Baad

The institution known as baad is an mechanism used typically in criminal justice systems of Pashtun societies. In baad the family of a harmed individual abducts a young girl from the family of the one who caused the harm. The abducted girls are typically treated very poorly and held against their will. Consequently, outrage over this cultural institution has arisen. I use the tools of game theory to assess the hypothesis that such an institution exists only because men in the society place a low value on women. The model shows, though, that baad arises only when, from the perspective of heads of households, women have intermediate values. If they are valued too highly, the threat deters all activity and baad abductions never occur. If they are valued too low, the abduction is found insufficient by the aggrieved and alternative punishment are sought. The model is able to identify the factors that contribute to the prevalence of the institution as well.
Detection of 10 variants of biliverdin reductase in rat liver by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Abstract We have identified and characterized multiple forms of biliverdin reductase (BVR) in control rat liver cytosol. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of the purified BVR resolved a minimum of 10 discrete protein zones. All 10 proteins were BVR as judged by immunological cross-reactivity toward rabbit anti-rat BVR. Based on the isoelectric focusing pattern of separation, the BVR variants could be organized into five net-charge groups designated as BVR-IEF1 to BVR-IEF5 and three molecular mass groups designated as BVR-MW1-BVR-MW3, respectively. The pI values of the net-charge groups were: BVR-IEF1, 6.23; IEF2, 5.91; IEF3, 5.76; IEF4, 5.61; IEF5, 5.48. The Mr values of the molecular mass groups were: BVR-MW1, 30,400; MW2, 30,700; MW3, 31,400. Single dimension slab gel isoelectric focusing offered greater resolution of the net charge variants, and BVR-IEF3 was further resolved into two variants, IEF3a and IEF3b, with pIs of 5.77 and 5.75, respectively. The six net-charge variants also resolved on a preparative chromatofocusing column and were designated as BVR-CF1-BVR-CF6. The pH values of the peak fractions were: BVR-CF1, 6.91; CF2, 6.33; CF3, 6.03; CF4, 5.82; CF5, 5.45; CF6, 5.27. Correspondence between the isoelectric focusing net-charge variants and the chromatofocusing net-charge variants was established. The Mr and net-charge variants did not represent partially degraded forms of biliverdin reductase produced during purification since the pattern of resolution of variants on slab gel isoelectric focusing or two-dimensional electrophoresis did not change by purifying the proteins in the presence of protease inhibitors and 5 mM EDTA. BVR-CF2 and BVR-CF4 were purified and examined for pH-dependent cofactor requirements for activity. Both net-charge variants and two pH optima that were cofactor-dependent; maximum activity with NADPH, however, was at pH 8.5 and with NADH at pH 6.7. With both variants, however, a higher catalytic rate was observed with NADH than with NADPH at their respective pH optima. Furthermore, BVR-CF2 exhibited a higher catalytic rate than did BVR-CF4 with either cofactor throughout the pH range of 5-9.
Taking Action in Education

Power and Contradiction in First Nations Adult Education. Celia Haig-Brown Critical Theory and Education Research. Peter L. McLaren and James M. Giarelli
Teaching Medieval Studies in the Religiously Pluralistic Classroom

This piece serves as an introduction to give short essays by contributors originally assembled for a roundtable session at the 46th International Congress on Medieval Studies, sponsored by the Consortium for the Teaching of the Middle Ages (TEAMS). The goal of that session, which we hope will be further advanced by this compilation of short pieces, was to introduce ideas and generate discussion on the pedagogy of familiarizing students with the idiosyncrasies of medieval Christianity when they are separated from them by hundreds of years and, in the case of non-European students, usually thousands of miles.
Points of integral canonical models of Shimura varieties of preabelian type, p-divisible groups, and applications. First Part

This work is the first part in a series of three dedicated to the foundations of integral aspects of Shimura varieties and of Fontaine's categories. It deals mostly with the unramified context of (arbitrary) mixed characteristic (0,p). Among the topics covered we mention: the generalization of the classical Serre-Tate theory of ordinary p-divisible groups and of their canonical lifts, the generalization of the classical Serre-Tate-Dwork-Katz theory of (crystalline) coordinates for ordinary abelian varieties, the strong form of the generalized Manin problem, global deformations in the generalized Shimura context, Dieudonn\'e's theories (reobtained, simplified and extended), the main list of stratifications of special fibres of integral canonical models of Shimura varieties of preabelian type, the uniqueness of such models in mixed characteristic (0,2), the existence (in many situations) of such models in mixed characteristic (0,2), steps towards the classification of Shimura p-divisible groups over algebraically closed field of characteristic p (like the boundedness principle, the purity principle, Bruhat decompositions in the F-context, etc.), generalized Serre lemma, connections in Fontaine's categories, etc.
Cloning and expression in streptomyces lividans of antibiotic resistance genes derived from Escherichia coli.

Abstract Hybrid plasmids that replicate in both Escherichia coli and Streptomyces lividans were constructed in vitro by joining the E. coli-derived plasmid pACYC184 or pACYC177, at their BamHI or PstI restriction site, respectively, to S. lividans plasmid pSLP111. After introduction of the composite replicons into S. lividans by transformation, chloramphenicol (Cm) resistance encoded by pACYC184 and kanamycin resistance encoded by pACYC177 were phenotypically expressed in the S. lividans host. A Sau3A restriction endonuclease-generated deoxyribonucleic acid fragment from pACYC184 containing the entire structural gene for the Cm acetyltransferase enzyme, but lacking the nucleotide sequence ordinarily serving as the Cm resistance gene promoter, also specified resistance to Cm when introduced in either orientation into the BamHI or BclI endonuclease cleavage site of pSLP111 or into corresponding sites of the analogous plasmid pSLP101. These findings make it unlikely that the biologically active CM acetyltransferase was being made in S. lividans as part of a fused protein, but instead indicate that the ATG start codon used for initiation of translation of the Cm resistance gene in E. coli was also utilized in S. lividans. In contrast, the synthesis of messenger ribonucleic acid that encodes the Cm acetyltransferase in S. lividans was, in at least one instance, apparently initiated at nucleotide sequences within the S. lividans plasmid vector, with resulting transcriptional read-through into the E. coli-derived deoxyribonucleic acid segment.
Taylor expansion of an Eisenstein series

In this paper, we give an explicit formula for the first two terms of the Taylor expansion of a classical Eisenstein series of weight 2k + 1 for Γ 0 (q). Both the first term and the second term have interesting arithmetic interpretations. We apply the result to compute the central derivative of some Hecke L-functions.