cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of radiation chemistry studies of aqueous solutions with heavy ions

Abstract The publication record of radiation chemical studies with heavy ions is reviewed and a summary of the current major activity is given. Descriptions of the main techniques used for the radiolysis of liquids are presented. The types of product yields that can be obtained in these experiments are explained. Product yields in the heavy ion radiolysis of water and their relationships to the underlying track structure are presented and discussed.
Regulation of [3H] d-Aspartate Release from Mammalian Isolated Retinae by Hydrogen Sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), can produce pharmacological effects on neural and non-neural tissues from several mammalian species. The present study investigates the pharmacological action of H2S, (using sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS, and/or sodium sulfide, Na2S as donors) on amino acid neurotransmission (using [3H] d-aspartate as a marker for glutamate) from isolated, superfused bovine and porcine retinae. Isolated neural retinae were incubated in Krebs solution containing [3H] d-aspartate at 37°C. Release of [3H] d-aspartate was elicited by high potassium (K+ 50 mM) pulse. Both NaHS and Na2S donors caused an inhibition of K+-evoked [3H] d-aspartate release from isolated bovine retinae without affecting basal [3H] d-aspartate efflux yielding IC50 values of 0.006 and 6 μm, respectively. Furthermore, NaHS inhibited depolarization-evoked release of [3H] d-aspartate from isolated porcine retinae with an IC50 value of 8 μM. The inhibitory action of NaHS on [3H] d-aspartate release from porcine retinae was blocked by propargyglycine, a selective inhibitor of cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). Our results indicate that H2S donors can inhibit amino acid neurotransmission from both isolated bovine and porcine retinae, an effect that is dependent, at least in part, on intramural biosynthesis of H2S.
Angular momentum of the quantized electromagnetic field with periodic boundary conditions

When an electromagnetic field is quantized within a box of side $L$ with periodic boundary conditions, the total angular momentum $\stackrel{^}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{J}}}$ is not strictly a constant of the motion even when $L\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. As a result, the conditions for isotropy of such a field involve subtle differences from the usual conditions. The same constraints apply to the orbital part of $\stackrel{^}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{J}}}$, but not to the spin part. The expectation value of $\stackrel{^}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{J}}}$ for any monochromatic plane wave is shown to vanish. Commutation relations are derived between $\stackrel{^}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{J}}}$ and an arbitrary field vector, which show explicitly how $\stackrel{^}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{J}}}$ generates rotation.
Ab initio folding of terminal segments with secondary structures reveals the fine difference between two closely related all-atom statistical energy functions

One of the common methods for assessing energy functions of proteins is selection of native or near-native structures from decoys. This is an efficient but indirect test of the energy functions because decoy structures are typically generated either by sampling procedures or by a separate energy function. As a result, these decoys may not contain the global minimum structure that reflects the true folding accuracy of the energy functions. This paper proposes to assess energy functions by ab initio refolding of fully unfolded terminal segments with secondary structures while keeping the rest of the proteins fixed in their native conformations. Global energy minimization of these short unfolded segments, a challenging yet tractable problem, is a direct test of the energy functions. As an illustrative example, refolding terminal segments is employed to assess two closely related all-atom statistical energy functions, DFIRE (distance-scaled, finite, ideal-gas reference state) and DOPE (discrete optimized protein energy). We found that a simple sequence-position dependence contained in the DOPE energy function leads to an intrinsic bias toward the formation of helical structures. Meanwhile, a finer statistical treatment of short-range interactions yields a significant improvement in the accuracy of segment refolding by DFIRE. The updated DFIRE energy function yields success rates of 100% and 67%, respectively, for its ability to sample and fold fully unfolded terminal segments of 15 proteins to within 3.5 A global root-mean-squared distance from the corresponding native structures. The updated DFIRE energy function is available as DFIRE 2.0 upon request.
Trace Metal Determination by Crystalline Energy Transfer

An expression is derived from first principles that indicates a 104 improvement in the detection limit for trace metal analyses by use of crystalline energy transfer instead of normal luminescence methods. These calculations were experimentally verified by examining a crystal comprised of tris-(2,2'-bipyridine) zinc (II) dichloride [Zn(bipyr)3Cl2] as the host and tris-(2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium (II) dichloride [Ru(bipyr)3Cl2] as the emitting guest. With this system subnanogram levels of ruthenium could be measured. To verify the possibility of crystalline energy transfer quenching analysis a three component crystal was examined that had a fixed concentration of the ruthenium chelate and a varying amount of tris-(2,2'-bipyridine) iron (II) dichloride [Fe(bipyr)3Cl2] as the quenching agent. With this system nanogram levels of iron could be measured.
Water sorption and diffusional properties of a cured epoxy resin measured using alternating ionic liquids/aqueous electrolytes in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

The protective quality of a coating is often measured by how long it delays the arrival of water to the substrate. The transport of water in, redistribution within, and eventually through a coating to the substrate has long been investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS measurements employing alternating nonaqueous (room temperature ionic liquids, RTIL) and aqueous electrolytes elucidated the behavior of water within the coating. Diffusion coefficients could be measured and the redistribution of water into percolating paths identified. The use of RTIL alternating with aqueous electrolytes allows determination of intrinsic properties (water volume fraction at saturation and relative dielectric) and kinetic properties predicted by the Brasher Kingsbury formulation. This article focuses on the sensitivity of these intrinsic and kinetic properties to test duration in an unique experimental method.
A Search for Lyα Emission from the Astrosphere of 40 Eridani A

We report the results of Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the nearby (d = 5.0 pc) K1 V star 40 Eri A, which we use to search for scattered Lyα emission surrounding the star indicative of the interaction between the stellar wind and the interstellar medium (ISM). Absorption from circumstellar hot H I has previously been detected around many solar-like stars in HST observations of their Lyα lines, so there is potential for circumstellar Lyα emission to be detectable as well. There was previously a tentative detection of absorption for 40 Eri A, but unfortunately, we do not detect any circumstellar emission around 40 Eri A in our new observations. We use hydrodynamic models of the stellar "astrosphere" (i.e., the ISM interaction region) and radiative transfer calculations to demonstrate that emission should have been detected for assumed mass-loss rates of 2 ☉, assuming that the star is surrounded by warm, partially neutral ISM material like that which surrounds the Sun. In contrast, when the models are compared with the absorption data, we find consistency with the data only for 2 ☉. We believe that the most likely explanation for these apparently contradictory results is that the previous tentative detection of astrospheric absorption toward 40 Eri A is erroneous and that 40 Eri A probably lies within the hot ionized phase of the ISM. Thus, there is no interstellar H I within the astrosphere for us to detect in either absorption or emission, and no meaningful constraints on the mass-loss rate of 40 Eri A can be derived from the HST data.
Presurgical management of a patient receiving anticoagulant therapy: report of case

Surgical procedures were successfully performed for a patient receiving anticoagulant therapy. A patient receiving anticoagulant therapy required the extraction of the mandibular right first molar and periodontal therapy including a gingivectomy in the mandibular anterior region. The patient’s medication was not stopped before treatment; instead, the prothrombin activity was tested on the day of surgery. Atraumatic procedures permitted complete and successful treatment.
The use of a radiochromic detector for the determination of stereotactic radiosurgery dose characteristicsa)

The measurement of absorbed dose as well as dose distributions (profiles and isodose curves) for small radiation fields (as encountered in stereotactic surgery) has been difficult due to the usual large detector size or densitometer aperture (≳1 mm) relative to the radiation field (as small as 4 mm). The radiochromic direct‐imaging film, when read with a scanning laser microdensitometer (laser beam diameter 0.1 mm), overcomes this difficulty and has advantages over conventional film in providing improved precision, better tissue equivalence, greater dynamic range, higher spatial resolution, and room light handling. As a demonstration of suitability, the calibrated radiochromic film has been used to measure the dose characteristics for the 18‐, 14‐, 8‐, and 4‐mm fields from the gamma‐ray stereotactic surgery units at Mayo Clinic and the University of Pittsburgh. Intercomparisons of radiochromic film with conventional methods of dosimetry and vendor‐supplied computational dose planning system values indicate agreement to within ±2%. The dose, dose profiles, and isodose curves obtained with radiochromic film can provide high‐spatial‐resolution information of value for acceptance testing and quality control of dose measurement and/or calculation.
Usefulness of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Level at Implant in Predicting Mortality in Patients with Advanced But Stable Heart Failure Receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Background Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level has emerged as a predictor of death and hospital readmission in patients with heart failure (HF). The value of baseline BNP assessment in advanced HF patients receiving cardiac resynchronization defibrillator therapy (CRT-D) has not been firmly established. Hypothesis We hypothesized that a baseline BNP level would predict all cause mortality and HF hospitalization in HF patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients having BNP assessment prior to implantation of a CRT-D for standard indications during 2004 and 2005 was conducted at the Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality and the secondary endpoint was HF-related hospitalization. We used findings from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to define low (<492 pg/mL) and high (≥492 pg/mL) BNP groups. Results Out of 173 CRT-D recipients, 115 patients (mean age 67.0 ± 10.7 years, New York Heart Association [NYHA] class 2.9 ± 0.3, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 22.5% ± 9.6%, QRS 148.3 ± 30.4 ms) had preimplantation BNP measured (mean 559 ± 761 pg/mL and median 315 pg/mL). During a mean follow-up time of 17.5 ± 6.5 mo, 27 deaths (23.5%) and 31 HF hospitalizations (27.0%) were recorded. Compared to those with low BNP (n = 74), those of high BNP (n = 41) were older, had lower LVEF, higher creatinine levels, suffered more deaths, and HF hospitalizations. In multivariate regression models, higher BNP remained a significant predictor of both the primary endpoint (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–7.88, p = 0.038) and secondary endpoint (HR: 4.23, 95% CI: 1.68–10.60, p = 0.002). Conclusions Baseline BNP independently predicted mortality and HF hospitalization in a predominantly older white male population of advanced HF patients receiving CRT-D. Elevated BNP levels may identify a vulnerable HF population with a particularly poor prognosis despite CRT-D. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biotin and Early Poult Growth

Commerical Broad Breasted White male poults were fed either a soybean and milo ration, or similar rations containing 7.5% or 20% animal protein, for a period of 0-8 weeks. Three groups of 48 birds each were fed each of the three rations which were isocaloric (2926 M.E. Cal. /Kg. of ration) but differed slightly in protein content. Other groups were fed identical rations supplemented with biotin at a level of 220 mcg/kg. When the growth data were analyzed by analysis of variance, highly significant differences noted for treatment (P less than or equal to 0.01). Biotin supplementation of the soybean-milo ration gave no response, but supplementation of the rations containing animal protein with biotin gave excellent growth responses. When the data were combined so that the effect of biotin could be evaluated, a highly significant (P less than or equal to 0.005) improvement in growth was obtained by supplementing the rations with biotin. Feed efficiency was found to be closely related to growth rate. Mortality did not appear to be related to diet, with the differences being non-significant statistically.
Strategic planning for research and management of the albacore tuna fishery: Correction

The following figure (p. 53) was omitted from “Strategic Planning for Research and Management of the Albacore Tuna Fishery” by D. J. Mackett, published in Systems Research Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 201–210. This figure, Fig. 4, is a graphic display of the final results of the design process described in the article.
Negative inotropic effects of amiodarone on isolated guinea pig papillary muscle.

Study objective – The aim of the study was to investigate the inotropic effects on isolated papillary muscle of acute and chronic exposure to amiodarone. Design – Papillary muscles were obtained from untreated and amiodarone pretreated guinea pigs, and tension recording and conventional glass microelectrode techniques were used to assess the effects of amiodarone. Subjects – Guinea pigs of either sex weighing 300-500 g were used: 65 untreated and 18 amiodarone pretreated (20 mg·kg−1·d−1 for 3½ weeks). Measurements and results – Acute amiodarone exposure (4·4 × 10−6 – 1.1 × 10−3 mol·litre−1) caused a concentration dependent negative inotropic effect, which was also frequency dependent (0.1 – 5 Hz), with greater effect at higher stimulation frequencies. Time to peak tension and resting tension increased, while rate of development and relaxation of twitch contraction were slower. Amiodarone caused a dose dependent depression or abolition of slow response action potentials and of contraction in both untreated and amiodarone pretreated specimens. In amiodarone pretreated muscle, contractile forces did not differ significantly from control preparations. Chronic exposure to amiodarone attenuated the negative inotropic effects of acute amiodarone superfusion. Conclusions – The negative inotropic action of amiodarone may reflect a decrease in Na+ influx via Na− channels and/or Ca2+ influx via Ca2+ channels, and/or an impairment of Ca2+ sequestration, alone or in combination. The differences in contractile response in relation to acute and chronic amiodarone exposure may be relevant to clinical actions of amiodarone.
Molecular basis of autosomal recessive diseases among the Palestinian Arabs

In the review of the literature, 71 different autosomal recessive diseases have been delineated that are relatively frequent among Palestinian Arabs. Among those, in 40 the mutation(s) responsible for the diseases are known. Fourteen of these disorders were caused by a single mutation, while the other 26 were due to multiple mutations. Most of the mutations were found in homozygosity among the affected patients. It is probable that the high frequency of most of the genetic diseases among the Palestinian Arabs is due to a founder effect as the result of the high consanguinity rates in this population. However, in some cases the high frequency was demonstrated to be secondary to the presence of multiple mutations, either allelic or in different genes in a small geographic region. This phenomenon remains unexplained but may be secondary to a selective advantage to the carriers, either specific to the region or to the population.
Women, politics and place: Spatial patterns of representation in New Jersey

Abstract In studying women in local government, the authors argue for giving a greater emphasis to the characteristics of places which elect women rather then focusing solely on economic or psychological/anthropological factors. This hypothesis is tested by examining the characteristics of municipalities which are more likely to elect women to local governmental offices. The authors conclude that the rapid economic and social changes found in new centers of economic control (‘growth corridors’) located outside of the old urban centers in New Jersey create an environment with greater opportunities for women's participation in the political process.
Computer technology and the human services: does it make a difference?

Summary Advocates for the application of computer technology in the human services assume that it promotes practice and organizational effectiveness as well as efficiency. Opponents claim that it fragments practice and reinforces the worst, most punitive, and counter-productive aspects of bureaucracy. While each of these positions rests on conflicting theoretical assumptions about the nature of practice, organizational structures, professionalization and information technology, proponents and opponents alike have failed to provide evidence to support their positions or even to recognize that these issues can be framed and tested empirically. This paper proposes the use of a comparative research design for studying the effect or computerization on program effectiveness and outlines a range of variables which need to be taken into account in addressing the differential impact of computerization on social work practice.
Glare's Causes, Consequences, and Clinical Challenges After a Century of Ophthalmic Study

Purpose To provide a multidisciplinary synthesis of scientific information on disability, discomfort, dazzling, and scotomatic (photostress) glare. Design Perspective. Methods Analysis and integration of relevant historical and contemporary publications on glare in ophthalmology, illumination engineering, neurology, and other relevant disciplines. Results Disability glare is caused by scattered intraocular light (straylight) not useful for vision. Straylight casts a veiling luminance on the retina, reducing image contrast and impairing vision. In common environments, glare and target illumination sources have the same or similar spectra. Colored spectacle or intraocular lens filters reduce both proportionately, so they do not increase retinal image contrast or decrease disability glare. Discomfort glare is caused by situational illumination too intense or variable. Dazzling glare occurs when high illuminances are spread across the retina. Neurophysiological research is clarifying how discomfort and dazzling glare depend on different retinal photoreceptors and nociceptive brain pathways involving the trigeminal ganglion and thalamus. Photostress is caused by excessive local retinal photopigment bleaching uncommon in ordinary situations. Optical glare countermeasures are available for daytime driving but not oncoming automobile headlights at night. Filters that decrease daytime discomfort or dazzling glare also reduce nighttime mesopic and scotopic sensitivity. Conclusions Glare is problematic for patients and clinicians despite a century of scientific research. Advances in understanding glare have been hampered by its complex, multidisciplinary nature and limited interdisciplinary communication. We provide one pathway through the forest of glare nomenclature and mechanisms. Improved diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies await continuing progress in understanding glare.
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: is there a learning curve?

Background: To be certified for laparoscopic placement of adjustable gastric banding, surgeons must have advanced laparoscopic experience. Despite previous exposure to other kinds of laparoscopy, there may a learning curve specific to Lap-Band placement. Methods: Sixty consecutive patients were prospectively separated into two groups: the first 30 patients operated on (group 1) and the second 30 patients operated on (group 2). Results: Both groups were similar statistically in regard to gender, age, and body mass index. Operative time for group 1 was 79 ± 31.1 min. There were 11 (37%) complications in 10 patients. Operative time for group 2 was 59 ± 19.9 min. There were two complications (7%). All operations were completed laparoscopically. Operative time was significantly lower in group 2 (t-test; p = 004). Complications were also significantly lower (chi-square; p = 0.005). The number of reoperations was also reduced and approached statistical significance (chi-square; p = 0.054). Readmissions, although reduced, were not statistically significant. There were no deaths in either group. Conclusions: Despite a surgeon’s history of advanced laparoscopic experience, there is a definite learning curve associated with the laparoscopically placed adjustable gastric band.
Tokyo's 1964 Olympic design as a ‘realm of [design] memory’

This essay examines the graphic design of the Tokyo 1964 Games as a symbolic site through which Japan's postwar identity was re-articulated in relation with both the realm of internationalization a...
The Ethnic and Gender Division of Labor Compared Among Immigrants to Los Angeles

This study compares the occupational profiles of six immigrant groups in the Los Angeles economy to expose details of the relationship between gender, nativity, time of arrival and labor market segmentation. We investigate the occupational division of labor among the foreign-born from Mexico, El Salvador, the Philippines, Guatemala, Korea and China and find that gender plays a dominant role relative to ethnicity in the process of labor market segmentation. We also discover that newly arrived immigrant men are more likely to enter male-dominated occupations than newly arrived women are likely to concentrate in female-dominated occupations. This tendency, however, varies in strength by nativity. Nativity and time of arrival also affect the anatomy of occupational specialization, but, again, this effect is not consistent across groups. Our observation of variability in the relative strength of gender and ethnicity in the determination of occupational profiles across a broad sample of immigrant groups directs future researchers to consider how ethnic resources are gendered in different ways by nativity. Copyright Joint Editors and Blackwell Publishers Ltd 2000.
Energy-dependent Lorentz covariant representation of the NN interaction

Abstract A phenomenological Lorentz covariant representation of the NN t-matrix has been obtained with parameters that are explicitly energy dependent. The real and imaginary parts of the t-matrix are separately expanded in a complete set of on-shell Lorentz invariant amplitudes, each of which is represented by the exchange of isoscalar and isovector “mesons” modified by form factors. Direct and exchange contributions are handled explicitly in the model. The model parameters are fit to the summer 1994 Arndt amplitudes over the laboratory kinetic energy range from 200 to 500 MeV. In contrast to the earlier work of Horowitz, a single χ2 minimization is carried out over the full energy range considered. Two separate fits are obtained, one with energy dependence confined to the coupling strengths, the other with energy dependence in the form factor masses as well. Although the second fit is somewhat better, both fits reproduce the empirical amplitudes reasonably well. Results are also given for various np and pp observables and compared with the data.
Kinetics of reaction of n‐butanol and triaminononane trisisocyanate measured via 13C solution NMR

The model reaction kinetics of a novel trifunctional isocyanate 4-aminomethyl-1,8-diaminooctane [informally referred to as triaminononane trisisocyanate (TTI) with n-butanol is described. Butanol is used in place of the normal polyols used in actual coatings formulations in order to simplify the system for kinetic analysis. Using 13C-NMR, the differences in reactivity of each isocyanate group was studied in real-time measurements. There is little difference in the second-order rate constants between the three TTI isocyanate groups in the uncatalyzed systems at 25, 35, or 45°C. The dibutyl tin dilaureate (DBTDL) catalyzed system exhibits similar second-order rate constants for the medium-and long-branch systems, and a smaller rate constant for the short-branch system. The activation energies increase with increasing chain length in the uncatalyzed system, while for the catalyzed system the long and medium branches have identical activation energies, and the short-branch system has the lowest activation energy. The addition of chloroform or increasing the butanol: TTI ratio results in an increase of the measured rate constant. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
After years of media coverage, can one more video report trigger heuristic judgments? A national study of American terrorism risk perceptions

Terrorists seek to elevate the perceived risk of terrorism by exploiting common psychological reactions to threats that capture media attention. Two heuristics or ‘mental shortcuts’ have been proposed to account for the effects of media reports of terrorism on risk perceptions: one emphasizing cognitive factors, the Availability Heuristic, the other emphasizing emotional factors, the Affect Heuristic. This study examines these heuristics in a nationally representative sample of more than 2000 American adults, of which a randomly selected subset was shown a brief but graphic video report of the aftermath of a terrorist attack. Results provide partial support for the activation of both heuristic processes.
Primary Patency of Wallstents in Malignant Bile Duct Obstruction: Single vs. Two or More Noncoaxial Stents

The purpose of this study was to determine the primary patency of two or more noncoaxial self-expanding metallic Wallstents (Boston Scientific, Natick, MA) and to compare this with the primary patency of a single stent in malignant bile duct obstruction. From August 2002 to August 2004, 127 patients had stents placed for malignant bile duct obstruction. Forty-five patients were treated with more than one noncoaxial self-expanding metallic stents and 82 patients had a single stent placed. Two patients in the multiple-stent group were lost to follow-up. The primary patency period was calculated from the date of stenting until the first poststenting intervention for stent occlusion, death, or the time of last documented follow-up. The patency of a single stent was significantly different from that of multiple stents (P = 0.0004). In the subset of patients with high bile duct obstruction, the patency of a single stent remained significantly different from that of multiple stents (P = 0.02). In the single-stent group, there was no difference in patency between patients with high vs. those with low bile duct obstruction (P = 0.43). The overall median patency for the multistent group and the single-stent group was 201 and 261 days, respectively. In conclusion, the patency of a single stent placed for malignant low or high bile duct obstruction is similar, and significantly longer than, that of multiple stents placed for malignant high bile duct obstruction. Given the median patency of 201 days, when indicated, percutaneous stenting of multiple bile ducts is an effective palliative measure for patients with malignant high bile duct obstruction.
Outpatient total hip arthroplasty

Patients younger than 65 years were studied to determine what percentage of patients would enroll in a study of outpatient total hip arthroplasty, its safety, and benefits of the program. Of 192 eligible patients, 69 (36%) enrolled, and 53 (77%) of these went home the same day of surgery. Of 53, 44 maintained a diary for the first 3, weeks and 52 completed a satisfaction questionnaire at 6 weeks. Patients were followed for 6 months for occurrence of complications. There were no medical readmissions. Of 52 patients who completed a 6 week questionnaire, 50 (96%) were satisfied with the decision to have outpatient total hip arthroplasty. There were no objective physical benefits identified. This study reports the distribution of acceptance and completion of same day discharge for patients with total hip arthroplasty in a metropolitan population. It confirms safety in selected patients.
Umbilical Vein Varix

s s r v p s a n 46-year-old woman with alcohol-induced cirrhosis developed decompensated liver disease reuiring cadaveric liver transplantation. A computed omography scan of the abdomen and pelvis with ntravenous contrast done before transplantation howed a cirrhotic liver morphology, splenomegaly, ecanalized umbilical vein with a varix (Figure A), ultiple anterior abdominal wall collaterals, rectal lexus collaterals, and a moderate amount of ascites. recanalized umbilical vein was also seen on Doppler ltrasound. Colonoscopy showed early rectal varices. pper endoscopy revealed mild portal hypertensive astropathy with no esophageal or gastric varices. odel for End-Stage Liver Disease score before transe lantation was 35. Surgical exploration revealed nuerous varices within the abdominal wall and porta epatics as well as a large recanalized umbilical vein ith varix (Figure B). In patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertenion, portosystemic collaterals might develop at everal sites. Severe portal hypertension can lead to ecanalization of umbilical veins and paraumbilical eins. This entity can incidentally be found on comuted tomography angiography and Doppler ultraound. Umbilical vein varices are rare and usually symptomatic. Complications such as intraperitoeal hemorrhage from umbilical vein rupture, howver, have been reported.
Design of functional metalloproteins

Metalloproteins catalyse some of the most complex and important processes in nature, such as photosynthesis and water oxidation. An ultimate test of our knowledge of how metalloproteins work is to design new metalloproteins. Doing so not only can reveal hidden structural features that may be missing from studies of native metalloproteins and their variants, but also can result in new metalloenzymes for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications. Although it is much more challenging to design metalloproteins than non-metalloproteins, much progress has been made in this area, particularly in functional design, owing to recent advances in areas such as computational and structural biology.
The Bloomberg Global Initiative to reduce tobacco use

I 2006, New York City donated $125 million towards ending the global tobacco epidemic. The timing of this extraordinary donation was appropriate; tobacco now kills nearly 5 million people a year or 14 000 every day. Tobacco use accounts for more than one in 10 adult deaths, approximately 70% of which now occur in developing countries. A total of 145 nations have now ratified the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC) and the success of the FCTC needs to be assured. Even as the majority of nations in the world ratified the FCTC and thereby committed to implementing its provisions, their capacity to do so is often inadequate. To date, the global tobacco control movement has not had a presence in all countries and many nations that ratified the FCTC lack the capacity to move forward. A failure to do so, particularly in the face of likely opposition from the multinational tobacco companies, would be a potentially disastrous outcome of the FCTC process. Consequently, the funding of the new Bloomberg Initiative was at a critical moment, and responsive to this global need. The core objective of the Initiative is to reverse the global epidemic of tobacco use by enhancing tobacco control and capacity for tobacco control throughout the world’s low and middle income countries. A special emphasis is being placed on five developing countries, where more than half of the world’s smokers live: China, India, Indonesia, Russia, and Bangladesh. The Initiative will also support tobacco control in Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, and Vietnam, as well as other countries with a high burden of tobacco use and high potential for successful change. (Table I) Five key partner institutions are involved in carrying out the Initiative: World Lung Foundation, Center for Tobacco Free Kids, the CDC Foundation, World Health Organization, and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg The Bloomberg Global Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use
Square Hamiltonian cycles in graphs with maximal 4-cliques

Abstract The square of a graph is obtained by adding additional edges joining all pairs of vertices with distance two in the original graph. Posa conjectured that if G is a simple graph on n vertices with minimum degree 2 n /3, then G contains the square of a hamiltonian cycle. We show that Posa's conjecture holds for graphs that in addition contain a maximal 4-clique.
Follow-up experiments for two-level fractional factorial designs via double semifoldover

The addition of another fraction to an initial experiment is often necessary to resolve ambiguities involving aliasing of factorial effects. One of the most widely used techniques for the selection of a follow-up experiment is foldover. However, semifoldover (i.e., adding half of a foldover fraction) frequently permits estimation of as many effects of interest as provided by a foldover. Thus, as an alternative to foldover, this article investigates the construction and theoretical properties of follow-up experiments obtained via the addition of two $$n/2$$ -run semifoldover fractions. The strategy (termed double semifolding) provides a means of estimating more effects than can be achieved with a foldover design. Through the use of indicator functions, general properties of double semifoldover designs will be developed. Optimal double semifoldover plans, based on several established design criteria, will be discussed and tabulated for practical use.
Secretion of glucosamine-containing macromolecules by rat parathyroid glands in tissue culture.

Abstract Rat parathyroid glands maintained in organ culture incorporate D -glucosamine into macromolecules which are secreted into the culture medium. This secreted material can be resolved into three peaks by chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The amount of radioactivity in two of these peaks is inversely related to the calcium concentration in the medium in which the glands were cultured. There is a close correlation between the secretion of labeled serine and labeled glucosamine in the trichloreacetic acid precipitable fraction of the medium. On Sephadex G-100 the smallest glucosamine labeled peak migrated at the trailing edge of the elution peak for labeled rat parathyroid hormone but can be separated from it by ion exchange chromatography, and does not bind to a bovine parathyroid hormone antibody which cross-reacts with rat parathyroid hormone.
Percutaneous Sclerotherapy of Cystic Lesions

With modern cross-sectional imaging techniques, cystic lesions are very common and usually incidental findings, especially if small. However, when cysts enlarge, become infected, bleed, or undergo torsion, they can be symptomatic, and percutaneous drainage can be effective in the management. When cysts recur after aspiration, which is often the case for hepatic and renal cysts, cyst sclerosis or surgical unroofing may be required. This article describes the indications for and technical aspects of percutaneous sclerotherapy of cystic lesions of multiple organ systems.
Challenges of the Sino-Russian strategic partnership

Sino‐Russian behavior is a particularly clear example of a response to U.S. power that is hardly limited to these two states. Ultimately, the United States should welcome their normalization but be wary of the Russian contribution to Chinese military modernization.
Surface Barrier Analysis for Metals by Means of Schottky Deviations

The transmission coefficient for the mirror-image barrier at a metal surface is applied to the case of photoelectric emission. The distribution over which the coefficient is averaged is that given by Fowler for energies normal to the emitter surface, and is altered by the Schottky barrier lowering. The average differs from unity by an amount the major part of which is a periodic function of the accelerating field, giving a periodic deviation from the photoelectric Schottky effect which differs from the thermionic deviation only in amplitude. A refinement in the computation of the unaveraged periodic transmission coefficient brings the theory for thermionic deviations into agreement with that of Miller and Good. The improved form of the thermionic deviation is applied to experimental data to evaluate the complex reflection coefficient $\ensuremath{\mu}$ characterizing the potential form in the immediate vicinity of the surface. The values of $|\ensuremath{\mu}|$ so obtained for the highly refractory metals are of the order of 0.4, as compared with 0.2 predicted on the basis of the box model.
Focused examination of the intestinal lamina propria yields greater molecular insight into mechanisms underlying SIV induced immune dysfunction.

Background The Gastrointestinal (GI) tract is critical to AIDS pathogenesis as it is the primary site for viral transmission and a major site of viral replication and CD4+ T cell destruction. Consequently GI disease, a major complication of HIV/SIV infection can facilitate translocation of lumenal bacterial products causing localized/systemic immune activation leading to AIDS progression.
A study of communication and power system infrastructure interdependence on PMU-based wide area monitoring and protection

With the advent of the concept of smart-grid, the power system infrastructure is being equipped with high-bandwidth data communication and embedded computing infrastructure. The communication infrastructure has gained importance in the transmissions subsystems due to increasing use of the wide area measurement and monitoring using Phasor measurement units (PMUs). The amount of data collected by PMUs is large and they need to be transferred to regional and global data centers where real-time state estimation, and protection, stabilization decisions are made. As a result, having sufficient bandwidth in the communication infrastructure as well as proper delay characteristics will matter in the correct operation of these various wide area measurement system (WAMS) based control schemes. We have created a communication and power system co-simulation infrastructure called GECO which allows us to co-simulate power systems dynamics along with the communication network activities in a more realistic manner than past simulation environment. In this paper, we consider the effect of the appropriate network topology, bandwidth, delay etc. on two PMU based WAMS applications, namely All-PMU monitoring, and out-of-step protection. These experiments not only show the efficacy of the GECO framework in planning the smart grid communication infrastructure, it also provides case studies on how to go about using GECO in smart-grid design activities.
In Situ Determination of the Annual Thermal Habitat Use by Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Huron

Records of the temperatures occupied by 33 lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) at large in Lake Huron were obtained for up to 14 months per fish, at 75-minute intervals, from surgically implanted archival temperature tags. The dataset covered nearly three years, from October 1998 to June 2001, and included 160,000 observations. The objectives of the tagging were to obtain temperature data to refine bioenergetics models of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) predation on lake trout, and compare the temperatures occupied by strains of lake trout stocked in Lake Huron. The seasonal, thermal-use profiles of lake trout followed the general warming and cooling pattern of Lake Huron. During periods when the zone of surface water mixing extended below the depth range occupied by lake trout, variability among individual fish and strains was low and followed surface temperature. However, during the period of summer stratification, the average temperatures occupied varied substantially among individual fish and strains. Strains originating from the upper Great Lakes (Lake Superior and Lewis Lake, WY) occupied similar temperatures. Between June and mid August, upper Great Lakes lake trout typically occupied water several degrees warmer than that occupied by lake trout of Finger Lakes, New York origin. Most of the lake trout occupied summer temperatures lower than the preferred temperatures suggested by laboratory studies. In October, all strains occupied water as warm or warmer than that occupied in summer, which may partially explain the higher lethality of sea lamprey attacks during October.
Abjection and appropriation: Male subjectivity in The Good Soldier

(1998). Abjection and appropriation: Male subjectivity in The Good Soldier. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 225-244.
Effect of ergothioneine on acute lung injury and inflammation in cytokine insufflated rats

Abstract Objective The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), the most severe form of Acute Lung Injury (ALI), is a highly-fatal, diffuse non-cardiogenic edematous lung disorder. The pathogenesis of ARDS is unknown but lung inflammation and lung oxidative stress are likely contributing factors. Since no specific pharmacologic intervention exists for ARDS, our objective was to determine the effect of treatment with ergothioneine—a safe agent with multiple anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties on the development of lung injury and inflammation in rats insufflated with cytokines found in lung lavages of ARDS patients. Method Sprague–Dawley rats (3–10/group) were given 15 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg l -ergothioneine intravenously 1 h before or 18 h after cytokine (IL-1 and IFNγ) insufflation. Lung injury (lavage LDH levels) and lung inflammation (lavage neutrophil numbers) were measured 24 h after cytokine insufflation. Results Ergothioneine pre- and post-treatment generally decreased lung injury and lung inflammation in cytokine insufflated rats. Conclusion Ergothioneine should be considered for additional testing as a potential therapy for treating and preventing ARDS.
ACYLATION OF LYSOPHOSPHATIDES BY PLASMA MEMBRANE FRACTIONS OF RAT LIVER

The plasma membrane fraction of rat liver was isolated and incubated with labeled lysophosphatides in the presence of cofactors; the acylation of lysolecithin to lecithin by the fraction was compared to that of the rough and smooth microsomes. The purity of the isolated fractions was ascertained by enzyme markers and electron microscopy, and the maximal contamination of the plasma membrane fraction by microsomes did not exceed 20%. Under conditions at which the reaction was proportional to the amount of enzyme used, the plasma membrane had a specific activity similar to that of the smooth and rough microsomes. With doubly labeled lysolecithin (containing palmitic acid-14C and choline-3H) it was shown that the lecithin formed retained the same ratio of the two labels, which indicated that lysolecithin was converted to lecithin through an acylation reaction. The newly formed lecithin was shown to be bound to the plasma membrane fraction; this suggested that it is incorporated into the structure of the membrane itself.
Getting to “Yes” When the Patient Says “No”

On the face of it, this is a very simple case. But in fact it has at least two different dilemmas that make it exceedingly difficult. For that reason, I find it almost a paradigm for clinical ethic...
DOES A LARGE INTAKE OF POTASSIUM MODIFY THE METABOLIC EFFECTS OF ACTH (CORTICOTROPIN) IN MAN

THAT the adrenal cortex plays a role in the regulation of potassium metabolism has been recognized since Baumann and Kurland (1) in 1927 observed an elevated plasma potassium level in adrenalectomized cats. Subsequently it was noted that patients with Addison's disease may develop hyperkaliemia (2) and that certain patients with Cushing's syndrome have hypokaliemia (3). Furthermore, the administration of adrenal cortical extract (4), of desoxycorticosterone acetate (5), of cortisone (6), or of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin) (7), may produce a lowered concentration of plasma potassium, an increased urinary excretion of potassium, and an intracellular potassium deficit (8). Another well established effect of hyperadrenocorticism, whether spontaneous or induced by exogenous corticotropin, is an increase in protein catabolism, which manifests itself by an increased urinary nitrogen excretion and a negative nitrogen balance (9, 10). There are reports which suggest that these phenomena of electroly...
Phospholipids in the cytochrome oxidase reaction.

Phospholipids and Emasol activate cytochrome oxidase by increasing its affinity for its substrate, cytochromec. Cardiolipin was most effective in activating cytochrome oxidase among phospholipids tested. Prior formation of a cytochromec-cytochrome oxidase complex changes the effect of phospholipids. In addition to their structural role in the last segment of the electron transport system, phospholipids can protect the enzyme from heat treatment and mercurial inhibition. They facilitate the interaction between cytochrome oxidase and cytochromec, as well as the cytochromec analogue, protamine.
An elementary molecular-statistical basis for the Mooney and Rivlin-Saunders theories of rubber elasticity

By relaxing the assumption that the end-to-end vectors of molecules transform as macroscopic material line elements, we arrive at a generalization of the molecular-statistical theory of rubber elasticity. This generalization includes as special cases continuum-mechanical theories proposed by Mooney and by Rivlin and Saunders as improvements upon the classical neo-Hookean theory.
Molecular motion in polytetrafluoroethylene at cryogenic temperatures

Abstract Speculation is offered on the nature of the molecular motion in crystals of polytetrafluoroethylene at temperatures well below the 19°C transition. It is proposed that a specific type of defect in the chain, a helix reversal point, creates a mechanism whereby large dynamic angular displacements of chain segments about their long axes can occur without significantly affecting the X-ray diffraction data.
Simulation Analyses Testing the Robustness of Productivity Determinations from West Coast Pacific Ocean Perch Stock Assessment Data

Abstract The estimated stock size and recruitment data from assessment models provide a way to evaluate the history of a fishery relative to the expected response given a target fishing mortality rate. For example, if recruitment estimates are below the fishing mortality replacement line, then further reductions in spawning biomass can be expected. However, recruitment variability, serial correlation, and variable historical harvest rates can create misleading perceptions of sustainable harvest rates when they are derived from these simple replacement-line curves. Careful analysis of the stock–recruitment relationship given the available data is required in order to evaluate stock productivity in age-structured modeling. In this study, simulation–estimation procedures were developed to evaluate stock productivity estimates given the level of information and historical fishing mortality currently reported for the Pacific ocean perch Sebastes alutus stock off the coast of Washington, Oregon, and California....