cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Therapeutic Value of Experiencing and Expressing Gratitude

Gratitude has recently received a significant amount of research attention in the emerging field of positive psychology. Gratitude interventions are being empirically validated and are showing great promise in enhancing life satisfaction, decreasing depression and anxiety, coping with adversity, facilitating relationships, building civic and moral aspirations and behaviors, and promoting physiological benefits as well. This article will tie the empirical literature to an LDS theology that has long taught and currently advoactes for the cultivation of gratitude as an essential component of a spiritually based, meaningful, and happy life. An empirical overview of the benefits of gratitude will be provided, potential gratitude interventions will be suggested, and principles for intervention effectiveness will be discussed.
Large-Scale Models in the Airline Industry

Operations research models are widely used in the airline industry. By using sophisticated optimization models and algorithms many airlines are able to improve profitability. In this paper we review these models and the underlying solution methodologies. We focus on models involving strategic business processes as well as operational processes. The former models include schedule design and fleeting, aircraft routing, and crew scheduling, while the latter models cope with irregular operations.
Conversion of open lands to short‐rotation woody biomass crops: site variability affects nitrogen cycling and N2O fluxes in the US Northern Lake States

Short-rotation woody biomass crops (SRWC) have been proposed as a major feedstock source for bioenergy generation in the Northeastern US. To quantify the environmental effects and greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of crops including SRWC, investigators need spatially explicit data which encompass entire plantation cycles. A knowledge gap exists for the establishment period which makes current GHG calculations incomplete. In this study, we investigated the effects of converting pasture and hayfields to willow (Salix spp.) and hybrid-poplar (Populus spp.) SRWC plantations on soil nitrogen (N) cycling, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, and nitrate (NO3−) leaching at six sites of varying soil and climate conditions across northern Michigan and Wisconsin, following these plantations from pre conversion through their first 2 years. All six sites responded to establishment with increased N2O emissions, available inorganic N, and, where it was measured, NO3− leaching; however, the magnitude of these impacts varied dramatically among sites. Soil NO3− levels varied threefold among sites, with peak extractable NO3− concentrations ranging from 15 to 49 g N kg−1 soil. Leaching losses were significant and persisted through the second year, with 44–112 kg N ha−1 leached in SRWC plots. N2O emissions in the first growing season varied 30-fold among sites, from 0.5 to 17.0 Mg-CO2eq ha−1 (carbon dioxide equivalents). N2O emissions over 2 years resulted in N2O emissions due to plantation establishment that ranged from 0.60 to 22.14 Mg-CO2eq ha−1 above baseline control levels across sites. The large N losses we document herein demonstrate the importance of including direct effects of land conversion in life-cycle analysis (LCA) studies of SRWC GHG balance. Our results also demonstrate the need for better estimation of spatial variability of N cycling processes to quantify the full environmental impacts of SRWC plantations.
Garbage collector memory accounting in language-based systems

Language run-time systems are often called upon to safely execute mutually distrustful tasks within the same run-time, protecting them from other tasks' bugs or otherwise hostile behavior Well-studied access controls exist in systems such as Java to prevent unauthorized reading or writing of data, but techniques to measure and control resource usage are less prevalent. In particular, most language run-time systems include no facility to account for and regulate heap memory usage on a per-task basis. This oversight can be exploited by a misbehaving task, which might allocate and hold live enough memory to cause a denial-of-service attack, crashing or slowing down other tasks. In addition, tasks can legitimately share references to the same objects, and traditional approaches that charge memory to its allocator fail to properly account for this sharing. We present a method for modifying the garbage collector, already present in most modern language run-time systems, to measure the amount of live memory reachable from each task as it performs its regular duties. Our system naturally distinguishes memory shared across tasks from memory reachable from only a single task without requiring incompatible changes to the semantics of the programming language. Our prototype implementation imposes negligible performance overheads in a variety of benchmarks, yet provides enough information for the expression of rich policies to express the limits on a task's memory usage.
Novel Probabilistic Finite-State Transducers for Cognate and Transliteration Modeling

We present and empirically compare a range of novel probabilistic nite-state transducer (PFST) models targeted at two major natural language string transduction tasks, transliteration selection and cognate translation selection. Evaluation is performed on 10 distinct language pair data sets, and in each case novel models consistently and substantially outperform a well-established standard reference algorithm.
The effect of ethnicity on prescribing practice and treatment outcome in inpatients suffering from schizophrenia in Greece

No studies have been conducted in Greece with the aim of investigating the influence of ethnicity on the prescribing and treatment outcome of voluntarily admitted inpatients. Most studies conducted in the UK and the US, both on inpatients and outpatients, focus on the dosage of antipsychotics for schizophrenic patients and many suffer from significant methodological limitations. Using a simple design, we aimed to assess negative ethnic bias in psychotropic medication prescribing by comparing discrepancies in use between native and non-native psychiatric inpatients. We also aimed to compare differences in treatment outcome between the two groups. In this retrospective study, the prescribing of medication was compared between 90 Greek and 63 non-Greek inpatients which were consecutively admitted into the emergency department of a hospital covering Athens, the capital of Greece. Participants suferred from schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Overall, groups were compared with regard to 12 outcomes, six related to prescribing and six related to treatment outcome as assesed by standardised psychometric tools. No difference between the two ethnic groups was found in terms of improvement in treatment as measured by GAF and BPRS-E. Polypharmacy, use of first generation antipsychotics, second generation antipsychotics and use of mood stabilizers were not found to be associated with ethnicity. However, non-Greeks were less likely to receive SSRIs-SNRIs and more likely to receive benzodiazepines. Our study found limited evidence for ethnic bias. The stronger indication for racial bias was found in benzodiazepine prescribing. We discuss alternative explanations and give arguments calling for future research that will focus on disorders other than schizophrenia and studying non-inpatient populations.
Survey of glucosinolate variation in leaves of Brassica rapa crops

The breakdown products of glucosinolates (gsl) are biologically active secondary metabolites involved in plant defense and human nutrition. We identified and quantified 14 different gsl present in the young leaves of 82 different varieties of Brassica rapa, including the following crops: Chinese cabbage, broccoleto, Pak choi and other leafy vegetables, turnip, sarson and rapeseed. We did not find crop specific gsl, but their quantity varied extensively among varieties and crops, except that the Chinese cabbage accessions tended to have similar gsl profile and amount. Gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin (aliphatic), neoglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin (indolic), and gluconaturtiin (aromatic) are the predominant gsl in most of the varieties surveyed. We also found two gsl not commonly found in B. rapa, 2-methyl-2-propenyl and n-butyl. Their identities were confirmed by HPLC-MS. Most of the Chinese cabbages contain lower amount of aliphatic than indolic gsl, whereas broccoleto, turnip and rapeseed all have much higher aliphatic gsl content than indolic gsl content. The predominant aliphatic gsl in most of the varieties contain 4-carbon side-chains. The lack of significant correlation observed between the conversion of 3- to 4-carbon side-chain gsl and the conversion of 4- to 5-carbon side-chain gsl suggests that these two elongation cycles are probably under the control of two independent genes in B. rapa. The absence of glucoraphanin in all accessions indicates that only functional Brgsl-Alk alleles are present in B. rapa.
Structural and functional analysis of the insulin receptor promoter.

The insulin receptor plays a critical role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Regulation of this key function must be under stringent controls. In order to study the regulation of insulin receptor gene expression, we have cloned, sequenced and characterized its promoter. The first exon of the insulin receptor gene is embedded in an unusual segment of DNA composed of Alu repeats. The promoter has the characteristics typical of a housekeeping gene. It is GC-rich and has multiple start sites of transcription. A 574 base pair fragment immediately upstream of the translation initiation site contains promoter activity when transfected into eukaryotic cell lines. Deletion analysis was performed to study promoter function. These studies showed that only 150 base pairs of promoter sequence were necessary for promoter function. This region contains three potential binding sites for the transcription factor, Sp1 and a TC box sequence. Furthermore, the fragment functions equally well in either orientation. We...
Melting of Silica up to 7 GPa

Melting relations of SiO2 were determined up to 7 GPa. The triple point of quartz-coesite-liquid is located at 4.5 GPa and 2450°C. The melting curve of coesite has a steep initial slope (150°C/GPa) and reaches about 2700°C at 7 GPa. Densities of the quenched glasses are also reported.
Laser Polarized Muonic Helium

We have developed laser techniques to polarize targets of muonic helium and plan to use these targets to measure the spin dependence of nuclear muon capture.
Testing the Developmental Nature of Work Motivation Using Kegan’s Constructive-Development Theory

This article reports a field study testing the relationship between individuals’ constructive-development level and their sources of work motivation. Constructive development was assessed using the Subject–Object Interview for 53 community and educational leaders. Motivation was assessed using the Motivation Sources Inventory. Results indicated that constructive-development progression was significantly related to instrumental motivation. No other significant relationships were found, indicating that the other four sources of work motivation exist independent of individuals’ constructive development. Implications for research and practice are addressed.
Some revolutions in neuroscience

In the long history of the study of the nervous system, there have been a number of major developments that involved radical and permanent changes in fundamental beliefs and assumptions about the nervous system and in tactics and strategies for studying it. These may be termed Revolutions in Neuroscience. This essay considers eight of these, ranging from the 6th century BCE to the end of the 20th century.
CHANCE AND CHOICE WEST OF THE DARLING

Twenty-one pastoralists in the West Darling region of New South Wales were interviewed to gain an understanding of the attitudes of managers in this high-risk pastoral area to uncertain prospects. It was found that pastoralists had no difficulty in specifying subjective probabilities but in modifying probabilistic information they were conservative relative to the 'correct' revision implied by Bayes' Theorem. All the surveyed pastoralists were non-indifferent to risk, as evidenced by their non-linear utility functions for gains and losses.
Whitman in The Waves

For Virginia Woolf, as for much of Europe, 1918 showed little change from the chaos and disillusionment that had become a staple of the modern world for the previous four years. The Great War, midway through its fourth year, recently claimed among its casualties Leonard Woolf’s brother Cecil and among its injured his other brother Philip. Hogarth Press had just begun after three years of labor and planning, and the work involved in such an endeavor was immense. It was in this context in early January 1918 that Virginia Woolf published a glowing review in the Times Literary Supplement of Visits to Walt Whitman in 1890–1891, by J. Johnston, and J. W. Wallace. At the conclusion of her review, Woolf writes:
Fragments or propagules? Reproductive tradeoffs among Callyspongia spp. from Florida coral reefs

Fragmentation and propagule formation are alternative reproductive strategies found in both plants and animals, with the latter generally providing greater dispersal capability. When both strategies occur, life history theory predicts that resources should be divided between the two. On coral reefs, both strategies are exhibited by branching corals and sponges, which are broken-up after storm events and rapidly recolonize. In this study, we compared two congeneric Caribbean reef sponges, Callyspongia armigera, which is branched and easily fragmented, and C. vaginalis, which is not, to test whether there is a tradeoff in growth and propagule formation for C. armigera relative to C. vaginalis. Both species were equally abundant on coral reefs off Key Largo, Florida (10.1 3.7 vs 11.9 3.0 per 100 m 2 , respectively), suggesting that they are equally successful relative to two other non-fragmenting congeneric species (C. fallax and C. plicifera) that are much less common. Th e number of substratum attachment points per sponge was signifi cantly higher for C. armigera compared to C. vaginalis (2.31 1.47 vs 1.03 0.18 sponge –1 ), providing further evidence of the reliance of C. armigera on fragmentation, and of C. vaginalis on recruitment from larval settlement and subsequent growth. Growth rates in predator-exclusion experiments were ~4-fold higher for C. armigera compared to C. vaginalis (0.36 0.31 vs 0.08 0.11 % initial mass day –1 ), but C. armigera produced ~13-fold fewer propagules than C. vaginalis (0.04 0.22 vs 0.53 1.08 % tissue area). Our results support a tradeoff between growth and propagule output for C. armigera relative to C. vaginalis, suggesting that these closely related sponge species took diff erent evolutionary trajectories in reconciling their resource constraints.
Interpersonal Trust and Social Skill in Seeking Social Support Among Chinese and Americans

The present study examined how social skills and interpersonal trust facilitate the support-seeking process in two different cultures, namely, those of China and the United States. Drawing from Sensitive Interactions Systems Theory and attachment theory, the current study examines the connections between social skill, interpersonal trust, the perceived appropriateness of seeking support, and the likelihood of displaying emotional distress to friends. Results indicated both similarities and differences between Americans and Chinese in terms of support seeking. Across both cultural groups, interpersonal trust was associated with appropriate help seeking, which, in turn, predicted the likelihood of showing emotional distress to friends. The two culture groups differed in terms of attenuating displays of distress (showing less than one actually feels). Among Chinese participants, attenuating displays of emotion was seen as positive and was associated with appropriateness. Among European Americans, attenuating...
Imagining the Future at Niagara Falls

Between 1890 and 1910, Niagara Falls became the focus of a great deal of thinking about the future. Many engineers and entrepreneurs predicted that Niagara's waterpower would make it the greatest manufacturing center in the world. Utopian plans were drafted for a future metropolis that would exemplify moral as well as material progress. During the same period several novelists pictured Niagara as the focal point of a disastrous future of wars and dangerous inventions. This paper examines the roots of these visions of the future in earlier perceptions of the falls and assesses their relation to the actual industrial development of Niagara.
Maximizing Throughput of UAV-Relaying Networks with the Load-Carry-and-Deliver Paradigm

We consider the task of using one or more unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to relay messages between two distant ground nodes. For delay-tolerant applications like latency-insensitive bulk data transfer, we seek to maximize throughput by having a UAV load from a source ground node, carry the data while flying to the destination, and finally deliver the data to a destination ground node. We term this the "load-carry-and-deliver" (LCAD) paradigm and compare it against the conventional multi-hop, store-and-forward paradigm. We identify and analyze several of the most important factors in constructing a throughput-maximizing framework subject to constraints on both application allowable delay and UAV maneuverability. We report performance measurement results for IEEE 802.11g devices in three flight tests, based on which we derive a statistical model for predicting throughput performance for LCAD. Due to the nature of commercial off-the-shelf systems, this methodology is of essential importance for allowing better flight-path design to achieve high throughput.
Non-Orthodox Versions of Quantum Theory and the Need for Process 1

Eugene Wigner introduced the term ‘orthodox’ to describe von Neumann’s formulation of quantum theory. I use the term more broadly to include, at the pragmatic level, also the Copenhagen formulation. But at the ontological level I mean the von Neumann–Tomonaga–Schwinger description that includes the entire physical universe in the physically described quantum world, and that accepts the occurrence of the process 1 interventions in the process 2 evolution of the physically described state of the universe.
Design and implementation of analog multitone signal generator using regenerative frequency divider for OFDM transceiver

This paper is concerned with design and an integrated circuit implementation of a multicarrier quadrature phase generator for application in analog spectral synthesis and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transceiver using amplitude phase shift keying using 0.18/spl mu/ technology. A noble analog or sampled data based rotational quadrature oscillator has been designed for generating quadrature signals. Scheme of multicarrier generation studied includes multiple frequency generation, using regenerative frequency dividers and mixers. Simulation results and performance of multicarrier generation have been presented. This scheme shows very low power consumption than typical method of multi-frequency signal synthesis using IFFT.
Minimizing the impact of stale link state information on QoS routing

In this paper, we show that routing without considering the staleness of link state information introduced by update policies may generate significant percentage of false routing. Hence, we introduce and investigate the issue of minimizing the impact of stale link state information on the performance of QoS routing without stochastic link state knowledge. Under the assumption that trigger-based link state policies are adopted for updating link state information, we theoretically decouple the problem of finding the most probable feasible path (without link state stochastic knowledge) to the problems of finding the multiple additively constrained path (MACP) and finding the least cost multiple additively constrained path (LCMACP), respectively, and propose a framework for minimizing the impact of stale link state information on the performance of QoS routing. We show by theoretical analysis and extensive simulations that our proposed framework is effective in minimizing the undesirable effect of the staleness of link state information.
MicroRNAs as Regulators of Differentiation and Cell Fate Decisions

Unique expression domains, targets, and gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes of particular microRNAs have important implications for directed differentiation of stem cell populations and suppression of undesired cell types. We discuss this emerging topic, in part using muscle differentiation as a paradigm, and highlight common themes and unique modalities by which microRNAs exert their lineage-promoting or differentiation effects on multiple tissues.
The MiRNA Journey from Theory to Practice as a CNS Biomarker

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small nucleotide sequences that control gene transcription, have the potential to serve an expanded function as indicators in the diagnosis and progression of neurological disorders. Studies involving debilitating neurological diseases such as, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injuries, Parkinson’s disease and CNS tumors, already provide validation for their clinical diagnostic use. These small nucleotide sequences have several features, making them favorable candidates as biomarkers, including function in multiple tissues, stability in bodily fluids, a role in pathogenesis, and the ability to be detected early in the disease course. Cerebrospinal fluid, with its cell-free environment, collection process that minimizes tissue damage, and direct contact with the brain and spinal cord, is a promising source of miRNA in the diagnosis of many neurological disorders. Despite the advantages of miRNA analysis, current analytic technology is not yet affordable as a clinically viable diagnostic tool and requires standardization. The goal of this review is to explore the prospective use of CSF miRNA as a reliable and affordable biomarker for different neurological disorders.
Issues in Distribution Center Relocation

This paper examines distribution center relocation where a firm needs to move from a current distribution center to a new distribution center in a different location. The authors present a decision framework as well as a case study of a pharmaceutical distribution company that recently underwent a distribution center relocation. One of the major factors in determining how to accomplish this relocation is the customers’ service expectations especially if customers will not tolerate a disruption in deliveries or if they expect all product to be a single delivery. The capabilities of the firm to handle operate both distribution centers simultaneously is another consideration. Lastly, firms need to determine the cost of the relocation including transportation, inventory, and additional picking costs.
Abstract 2970: Inter-observer Agreement in Diagnosis of “Borderzone” Infarcts On Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging.

Aim: To evaluate consensus in diagnosis of “borderzone” infarcts on diffusion weighted MR imaging (DWI). Methods: DWI of 144 consecutive stroke patients were independently reviewed by blinded Neuroradiologists (n=2) and Vascular Neurologists (n=2) and classified into embolic versus borderzone infarct patterns. CT angiography studies of each of these patients were later reviewed to determine degree of ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis/occlusion by NASCET criteria. Subjects with any MCA occlusion/stenosis on any side were excluded. Results: The agreement between Neuroradiologists was fair (Kappa=0.22, 95% CI 0.089 to 0.351), agreeing on 61.8% as embolic and 7.64% as borderzone infarcts. The agreement between Vascular Neurologists was good (Kappa=0.722, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.893), agreeing on 84.14% as embolic and 9.66% as borderzone infarcts. Inter-rater agreement between Neuroradiologist and Vascular Neurologist pairs varied between fair to moderate (Kappa = 0.22 to 0.72). Overall Fleiss’ Kappa for all 4 raters was 0.373 (95% CI 0.306 to 0.439). Classification of infarct patterns by degree of carotid disease on CTA is shown in the table below. As is seen in the table above, infarct patterns in patients with 100% carotid occlusion were classified as borderzone by both Neuroradiologist and Vascular Neurologist pairs in less than 30% of patients. The Neuroradiologist pair commonly classified infarct patterns in 75% of patients with 70-99% stenosis as borderzone. The Vascular Neurologists too classified 80% of these patients with 70-99% stenosis as having a borderzone infarct. Amongst patients with 90% of infarct patterns as embolic. Conclusions: Carotid occlusion and near-occlusion were unexpectedly associated with a smaller proportion of borderzone infarction than 70-99% stenosis. Discrepancies between Neuroradiologists and Vascular Neurologists towards diagnosis of watershed infarcts suggest the need to develop common definitions/guidelines. MR DWI imaging may not be a sole/sufficient criterion to classify watershed versus embolic infarction.
Cognitive Function as a Transdiagnostic Treatment Target in Stimulant Use Disorders

Stimulant use disorder is an important public health problem, with an estimated 2.1 million current users in the United States alone. No pharmacological treatments are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for stimulant use disorder and behavioral treatments have variable efficacy and limited availability. Most individuals with stimulant use disorder have other comorbidities, most with overlapping symptoms and cognitive impairments. The goal of this article is to present a rationale for cognition as a treatment target in stimulant use disorder and to outline potential treatment approaches. Rates of lifetime comorbid psychiatric disorders among people with stimulant use disorders are estimated at 65% to 73%, with the most common being mood disorders (13% to 64%) and anxiety disorders (21% to 50%), as well as non-substance-induced psychotic disorders (<10%). There are several models of addictive behavior, but the dual process model particularly highlights the relevance of cognitive impairments and biases to the development and maintenance of addiction. This model explains addictive behavior as a balance between automatic processes and executive control, which in turn are related to individual (genetics, comorbid disorders, psychosocial factors) and other (craving, triggers, drug use) factors. Certain cognitive impairments, such as attentional bias and approach bias, are most relevant to automatic processes, while sustained attention, response inhibition, and working memory are primarily related to executive control. These cognitive impairments and biases are also common in disorders frequently comorbid with stimulant use disorder and predict poor treatment retention and clinical outcomes. As such, they may serve as feasible transdiagnostic treatment targets. There are promising pharmacological, cognitive, and behavioral approaches that aim to enhance cognitive function. Pharmacotherapies target cognitive impairments associated with executive control and include cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., galantamine, rivastigmine) and monoamine transporter inhibitors (e.g., modafinil, methylphenidate). Cognitive behavioral therapy and cognitive rehabilitation also enhance executive control, while cognitive bias modification targets impairments associated with automatic processes. Cognitive enhancement to improve treatment outcomes is a novel and promising strategy, but its clinical value for the treatment of stimulant use disorder, with or without other psychiatric comorbidities, remains to be determined in future studies.
Impact evaluation of the Urban Health Initiative in urban Uttar Pradesh, India

Objectives The Urban Health Initiative (UHI) was initiated in 2009 with the goal of increasing family planning (FP) use among the poor in urban areas of Uttar Pradesh, India. The Measurement, Learning & Evaluation project (MLE) was tasked with rigorous impact evaluation of the UHI. This paper presents the impact evaluation findings of the UHI program.
Rovibrational energy transfer and dissociation in O2-O collisions.

A set of state-specific transition rates for each rovibrational level is generated for the O2(X3Σg−)–O3P system using the quasi-classical trajectory method at temperatures observed in hypersonic flows. A system of master equations describes the relaxation of the rovibrational ensemble to thermal equilibrium under ideal heat bath conditions at a constant translational temperature. Vibrational and rotational relaxation times, obtained from the average internal energies, exhibit a pattern inherent in a chemically reactive collisional pair. An intrinsic feature of the O3 molecular system with a large attractive potential is a weak temperature dependence of the rovibrational transition rates. For this reason, the quasi-steady vibrational and rotational temperatures experience a maximum at increasing translational temperature. The energy rate coefficients, that characterize the average loss of internal energy due to dissociation, quickly diminish at high temperatures, compared to other molecular systems.
Collective memory of violence of the female brown body: a decolonial feminist public pedagogy engagement with the feminicides

AbstractFeminists have consistently engaged with ontological and epistemological issues about what counts as knowledge, based on whose worldview, and what knowledge and worldviews remain unrecognised or ignored. Utilising Mexicana and Chicana fictional and conceptual writings and public art installations on the Juarez feminicides, the article focuses on the ontological, epistemological and pedagogical significance of collective memory. From the mid-twentieth century Mexican feminist playwright Elena Garro and the contemporary work of Chicana feminist Alicia Gaspar de Alba, I examine the legacy of collective memory that underlies Mexicana and Chicana feminist conceptualisation of gender violence. In doing so, the article first draws attention to the ontological significance of collective memory to contemporary understanding of the feminicides; then discusses how knowledge is inscribed on the female brown body; and ends with the notion that decolonial feminist public pedagogies are one way of educating abou...
THE φ FUNCTION METHOD FOR PREDICTING THE REMAINING OIL BY VISCOELASTIC POLYMER FLOODING

Based on the ideas of a paper named the φ function method to predict the remaining oil saturation distribution in water-flooding reservoir,considering the fluid characteristics in polymer flooding reservoir,such as polymer visco-elastic,shear thinning,non reached pore volume,permeability decline coefficient and other factors,on the basis of establishing the mobile plane saturation equation in polymer flooding,the changes of the viscosity of polymer solution and water permeability and the influence for polymer flooding function are analyzed.By using this method and numerical simulation software eclipse,the comparing calculation is carried out,the results show that the difference of polymer concentration distribution between them is small after polymer flooding,the value of the distribution of water saturation calculated with this method is relatively high,which shows that the tensile viscosity caused by the visco-elastic of polymer in the process of flooding acts.It is proved that the method can accurately reflect the flooding situation of the viscoelastic polymer in the formation.
Prognostic implications of reproductive and lifestyle factors in ovarian cancer

Abstract Introduction Despite strides in identifying factors that predict risk of ovarian cancer and improvements in ovarian cancer treatment, little is known about factors that predict ovarian cancer survival. Methods We reviewed the literature for analyses of factors before, at, or after diagnosis that may predict survival outcomes, including demographics (e.g., age and race), genetics (e.g., inherited BRCA mutations), hormonal factors (e.g., parity and hormone use), and lifestyle (e.g., physical activity and diet). Results While treatment factors, tumor characteristics and genetic syndromes are predictive of survival, few studies of most hormonal and lifestyle factors have been published; most have evaluated pre-diagnosis factors. For example, we identified eight studies that examined menopausal hormone use prior to diagnosis, reporting a non-significant survival benefit for users compared to non-users, while four studies reported better survival with use after surgery, though only two were significant. Similarly, while increased body size has been extensively studied as potentially associated with reduced survival, other modifiable factors, such as diet and physical activity remain understudied. We identified three studies of pre-diagnosis physical activity and five studies of pre-diagnosis diet, with a suggestive benefit of higher vegetable intake and vigorous physical activity. By contrast, large studies of the impact of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) confirm that non-white women and women of lower SES fare more poorly than white women and women of higher SES, respectively. Conclusions Our review of the published literature on predictors of ovarian cancer survival revealed that modifiable lifestyle factors may be related to survival, but that hormonal factors do not strongly predict outcomes in ovarian cancer patients. However, more attention should be paid to women's post-diagnosis survival experience. The dearth of literature on post-diagnosis factors that may improve outcomes makes it difficult to make specific recommendations for survivors.
Local pragmatics in a Gricean framework

AbstractThe pragmatic framework developed by H.P. Grice in “Logic and Conversation” explains how a speaker can mean something more than, or different from, the conventional meaning of the sentence she utters. But it has been argued that the framework cannot give a similar explanation for cases where these pragmatic effects impact the understood content of an embedded clause, such as the antecedent of a conditional, a clausal disjunct, or the clausal complement of a verb. In this paper, I show that such an explanation is available. One of the central arguments of the paper (Section 2) is that in a significant subset of cases, local pragmatic effects are a consequence of a global (utterance-level) pragmatic requirement. In these cases, local pragmatic effects are a consequence of ‘acting locally’ to resolve a potential global pragmatic violation. These cases do not require us to posit application of pragmatic principles (Maxims of Conversation) to the contents of embedded clauses. The account does, though, ...
Soil Requirements for Forestry

Non-urban land use planners in countries with an established history of land-related investigations face twin difficulties. These are, on the one hand, assembling, or even recognizing the existence of, a vast amount of detailed information and, on the other, appreciating their good fortune in having such substantial bases for their proposals and options. A visit to the library, access to agency files, a telephone call to colleague or consultant, likely will turn up more data on geology, climate, soil, natural vegetation, current agricultural and forestry practices, yields, etc., etc., than any non-specialist can easily assimilate.
Sequences Downstream of the Erythroid Promoter Promote High-Level Expression of the Human α-Spectrin Gene by Providing Boundary Activity and Positive Regulatory Elements.

Characterization of the regulatory elements that control α-spectrin (ASp) gene expression is important for understanding the pathogenesis of ASp-linked hemolytic anemia. Our previous studies demonstrated that the ASp promoter directs low levels of expression, and, addition of a downstream region of noncoding exon 1 and intron 1 containing 2 GATA-1 sites conferred a 10-fold increase in activity in transient transfection assays. Transgenic (TG) mouse lines with the ASp promoter, the Asp promoter-exon 1-intron 1, or ASp promoter-exon 1-intron 1 with mutations of both splice sites linked to the human A γ-globin gene as reporter were created. In reticultocytes, no expression was detected in any of the 8 lines transmitting the ASp promoter- A γ-globin transgene. TG mice with the ASp promoter-exon1-intron 1 demonstrated significant levels of A γ-globin gene expression in reticulocytes, with levels of A γ-globin mRNA of ~0.4% of mouse α-globin mRNA/transgene copy #. This expression was nearly position independent, as 22/24 lines expressed the transgene. Using a FACS-based assay, γ-globin protein was present in 100% of erythrocytes. Expression levels comparable to the Asp promoter-exon 1-intron 1 TG were detected in 9/9 lines with the mutated splice sites, indicating splicing did not contribute to changes in expression. DNaseI hypersensitive site (HS) mapping identified a broad, erythroid-specific HS across exon 1 and intron 1. The presence of a DNaseI HS site suggested the presence of a positive regulatory element or a chromatin modification such as a boundary element. Analysis of a positive regulatory element in vivo was sought by stably transfecting the following luciferase (luc) plasmids into K562 cells: ASp promoter, ASp promoter-exon 1-intron 1, ASp promoter-exon 1, ASp promoter-intron 1, and ASp promoter-exon 1-intron 1 with both GATA-1 sites mutated. Clones with copy # ≤5 were analyzed; ≥9 independent clones/line were analyzed. Normalized luc activity of the ASp promoter-exon 1-intron 1 was significantly higher than the ASp promoter in stably transfected cells, 86±15 v 28±3 (p A γ-globin gene were created. 1/5 TG lines with ASp promoter-exon 1 expressed at low levels and 3/7 TG lines with ASp promoter-intron 1 expressed at levels comparable to the ASp promoter-exon 1-intron 1. These results demonstrate that 2 elements downstream of the ASp promoter are required for high-level, erythroid-specific expression. Exon 1 has barrier activity and intron 1 functions as a positive regulatory element. This is an excellent candidate region for mutations associated with ASp-linked inherited hemolytic anemia.
Characterizing adsorption of associating surfactants on carbonates surfaces.

Abstract Hypothesis The adsorption of anionic surfactants onto positively charged carbonate minerals is typically high due to electrostatic interactions. By blending anionic surfactants with cationic or zwitterionic surfactants, which naturally form surfactant complexes, surfactant adsorption is expected to be influenced by a competition between surfactant complexes and surfactant-surface interactions. Experiments The adsorption behavior of surfactant blends known to form complexes was investigated. The surfactants probed include an anionic C15-18 internal olefin sulfonate (IOS), a zwitterionic lauryl betaine (LB), and an anionic C13-alcohol polyethylene glycol ether carboxylic acid (L38). An analytical method based on high-performance liquid chromatography evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was developed to measure three individual surfactant concentrations from a blended surfactant solution. The adsorption of the individual surfactants and surfactant blends were systematically investigated on different mineral surfaces using varying brine solutions. Findings LB adsorption on calcite surfaces was found to be significantly increased when blended with IOS or L38 since it forms surfactant complexes that partition to the surface. However, the total adsorption of the LB-IOS-L38 solution on dolomite decreased from 3.09 mg/m2 to 1.97 mg/m2 when blended together compared to summing the adsorption values of individual surfactants, which highlights the importance of mixed surfactant association.
Gene-edited CRISPy Critters for alcohol research.

Abstract Genetically engineered animals are powerful tools that have provided invaluable insights into mechanisms of alcohol action and alcohol-use disorder. Traditionally, production of gene-targeted animals was a tremendously expensive, time consuming, and technically demanding undertaking. However, the recent advent of facile methods for editing the genome at very high efficiency is revolutionizing how these animals are made. While pioneering approaches to create gene-edited animals first used zinc finger nucleases and subsequently used transcription activator-like effector nucleases, these approaches have been largely supplanted in an extremely short period of time with the recent discovery and precocious maturation of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system. CRISPR uses a short RNA sequence to guide a non-specific CRISPR-associated nuclease (Cas) to a precise, single location in the genome. Because the CRISPR/Cas system can be cheaply, rapidly, and easily reprogrammed to target nearly any genomic locus of interest simply by recoding the sequence of the guide RNA, this gene-editing system has been rapidly adopted by numerous labs around the world. With CRISPR/Cas, it is now possible to perform gene editing directly in early embryos from every species of animals that is of interest to the alcohol field. Techniques have been developed that enable the rapid production of animals in which a gene has been inactivated (knockout) or modified to harbor specific nucleotide changes (knockins). This system has also been used to insert specific DNA sequences such as reporter or recombinase genes into specific loci of interest. Genetically engineered animals created with the CRISPR/Cas system (CRISPy Critters) are being produced at an astounding pace. Animal production is no longer a significant bottleneck to new discoveries. CRISPy animal studies are just beginning to appear in the alcohol literature, but their use is expected to explode in the near future. CRISPy mice, rats, and other model organisms are sure to facilitate advances in our understanding of alcohol-use disorder.
Daily gentamicin using ideal body weight demonstrates lower risk of postpartum endometritis and increased chance of successful outcome compared with traditional 8-hour dosing for the treatment of intrapartum chorioamnionitis

Background: Clinical chorioamnionitis complicates approximately 1–4% of pregnancies overall. Although universal agreement does not exist regarding the antibiotic regimen of choice, most studies hav...
Evaluating current and future range limits of an endangered, keystone rodent (Dipodomys ingens)

AIM: We use current models of species distribution to predict the future habitat suitability for an endangered, keystone rodent (Dipodomys ingens, giant kangaroo rat). We incorporate the possibility of local adaptation and novel competitive interactions to improve the predictive accuracy of our Maxent models. LOCATION: San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. METHODS: We created Maxent models of two isolated populations of D. ingens. Using local surveys and state‐wide data, we also modelled California ground squirrels (Otospermophilus beecheyi), a potential novel competitor. Models included landscape variables (slope and soil composition) and climate variables (temperature, precipitation and climatic water deficit). We used Warren's I to evaluate niche overlap between species as well as between isolated populations of the same species. We then projected each set of models into the future to evaluate D. ingens response to climate change. RESULTS: Niche overlap between the D. ingens populations was moderate (I = 0.44), suggesting that they already experience different climatic regimes and providing support for population‐level modelling. Projecting individual populations separately into the future, under a high emission climate change scenario (CCSM4, rcp8.5), resulted in less predicted range contraction than modelling the species as a whole. However, forecasted distributions showed areas of increasing niche overlap between the Panoche population of D. ingens and O. beecheyi (I = 0.63 to 0.74), indicating competition could be a novel range limit. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Modelling the distributions of isolated populations separately provides a more accurate estimation of the species’ contemporary niche, capturing not just overlap between the populations, but individually suitable areas as well. Projecting the individual contemporary and historical models into the future allows us to estimate future habitat suitability. Predicting the distribution of a novel competitor characterizes areas of potential competition. Subsequently, management can target suitable areas for preservation and avoid areas of potential novel competition.
Mechanical Characterization of Alternating Magnetic Field Responsive Hydrogels at Micro-scale

Magnetically responsive hydrogels has become an interesting subject of study as they offer several potential advantages over other material systems for the controlled release of drugs, local heating of the tumors leaving all other regions unaffected and the temperature control within as well as outside the target region due to their response to the magnetic stimuli [1]. Magnetite provides the most attractive magnetic material of common use due to its strong magnetic property and low toxicity [2]. The integration of magnetic nano-particles in hydrogel therefore provide a new generation of material system for many potential applications, like magnetic pump, mimmicking muscular movements, soft robotic actuators and magneto-optical sensors or to develop magnetic force based immunoassay [3]. Hydrogels based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) is a well known thermoresponsive polymer that undergoes a volume phase transition across the lower critical solution temperature (LCST, 32-33). Therefore, the inherent temperature-sensitive swelling/shrinkage properties of PNIPAM offer the potential to control gel performance with an alternating electromagnetic field.
Gender differences in deceivers writing style

The widespread use of deception in written content has motivated the need for methods to automatically profile and identify deceivers. Particularly, the identification of deception based on demographic data such as gender, age, and religion, has become of importance due to ethical and security concerns. Previous work on deception detection has studied the role of gender using statistical approaches and domain-specific data. This work explores gender detection in open domain truths and lies using a machine learning approach. First, we collect a deception dataset consisting of truths and lies from male and female participants. Second, we extract a large feature set consisting of n-grams, shallow and deep syntactic features, semantic features derived from a psycholinguistics lexicon, and features derived from readability metrics. Third, we build deception classifiers able to predict participant’s gender with classification accuracies ranging from 60-70%. In addition, we present an analysis of differences in the linguistic style used by deceivers given their reported gender.
Calcium-Regulated Metabolism in Seed Germination

The past decade has seen a dramatic growth of interest in Ca2+ as a stimulus-response coupler in plant cells. Key discoveries that ignited this interest were that plant cells, like animal cells, maintain their cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) near 10-7 M (Gilroy et al., 1986; Bush and Jones, 1987; Brownlee et al., 1987); plant cells contain a variety of Ca2+ -binding proteins that can become metabolic regulators at [Ca2+]cyt of 10-6 or above (Biro et al., 1984; Harmon et al., 1987 Boustead et al., 1989), and stimulus-response coupling in many different plant cells can be blocked by Ca2+ chelation, Ca2+ channel blockers, and antagonists of Ca2+ -binding proteins (Daye et al., 1984; Serlin and Roux, 1984; Saunders and Hepler, 1983). There is now a major and rapidly expanding literature implicating Ca2+ in the control of many aspects of plant metabolism, growth and development, including gravitropism (Roux and Serlin, 1987), photomorphogenesis (Roux et al., 1986), photosynthesis (Homann, 1987), mitosis (Lambert and Vantard, 1986) and stress responses (Kauss, 1987), to name only a few of the best studied.