cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial Measurement of Retail Store Demand

briefly described in the following sections. The general problem of measuring market penetration is then analyzed in light of the comments on these two techniques. Finally, an application of these procedures in the supermarket industry is presented and the results of the application are discussed. TREND SURFACE ANALYSIS Data obtained from areal sampling may be thought to consist of both trend (signal) components and local (noise) components. Trend components refer to the systematic regional patterns of variation while local components consist of nonsystematic chance variations. Attempts to define and isolate the trend component by means of fitting polynomial surfaces to areal data are known as trend surface analysis. When the polynomial surface is computed, the equation may be used to plot an isarithmic map which defines the trend surface. Polynomial surfaces may be constructed in many ways. Two of the more useful approaches are by means of power series polynomials and trigonometric polynomials. If Z is the variable to be estimated and (X, Y) the grid location of the variable, then the power series polynomial is of the form: M N
Tics and Associated Behavioral Disorders

The prevalence of tic disorders and comorbid psychopathologies was determined in a community-based study of 1596 school children (age 9 to 17 years) conducted at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.
Intracranial hemorrhage in cancer patients treated with anticoagulation

Both venous thromboembolism and intracranial metastases are common complications in the setting of primary brain tumors and metastatic malignancies. Anticoagulation is indicated in the presence of cancer-associated thrombosis in order to limit the risk of pulmonary embolism; however, there is reluctance to initiate anticoagulation in the setting of intracranial metastatic disease due to potential for intracranial hemorrhage. Recent evidence suggests that therapeutic anticoagulation can be safely administered in the setting of metastatic brain tumors. This review examines the current understanding of the pathophysiology of intracranial hemorrhage in malignancy, describes the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage in the setting of brain tumors with therapeutic anticoagulation, and outlines management strategies relevant to the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage in the setting of anticoagulation.
Bronchogenic cyst of the esophagus. Report of a case and review of the literature.

In a young man with shoulder pain on swallowing, esophagoscopy identified a submucosal cyst which proved amenable to excision at thoracotomy. Distinctive endoscopic characteristics of esophageal cysts are described.
Misconduct: Lessons from researcher rehab.

Common compliance situations can get good researchers into trouble, warn James M. DuBois and colleagues.
Modulation of the Immune Response in Vitro and in Vivo by Splenocytes from Tumor-Bearing Mice

Individuals with neoplasia often show markedly suppressed immune responses (1–3). However, the nature and mechanism of immune dysfunction in individuals with malignancy is still far from clear. In this regard, it is now generally accepted that oncogenic viruses, as well as some carcinogenic agents are immunosuppressive (4,5). Furthermore, immunologic impairment is often observed in experimental animals transplanted with tumor cells which appear free of oncogenic viruses. In addition, soluble factors capable of inhibiting immune responses have been found in serum and ascitic fluids in tumor bearing individuals (6–8). Much attention has been focused in recent years on purification and characterization of such immunosuppressive factors, including those associated with neoplasia as well as other “natural” immunosuppressive substances, presumably alpha globulins, in serum from patients with a variety of diseases. However, the target ce11(s) involved in tumor associated immunosuppression induced by such substances is unknown.
Matrix product purifications for canonical ensembles and quantum number distributions

Matrix product purifications (MPPs) are a very efficient tool for the simulation of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems at finite temperatures. When a system features symmetries, these can be used to reduce computation costs substantially. It is straightforward to compute an MPP of a grand-canonical ensemble, also when symmetries are exploited. This paper provides and demonstrates methods for the efficient computation of MPPs of canonical ensembles under utilization of symmetries. Furthermore, we present a scheme for the evaluation of global quantum number distributions using matrix product density operators (MPDOs). We provide exact matrix product representations for canonical infinite-temperature states, and discuss how they can be constructed alternatively by applying matrix product operators to vacuum-type states or by using entangler Hamiltonians. A demonstration of the techniques for Heisenberg spin-$1/2$ chains explains why the difference in the energy densities of canonical and grand-canonical ensembles decays as $1/L$.
Effect of Time and Temperature on Thickened Infant Formula

Background: Unlike adult populations, who primarily depend on liquids for hydration alone, infants rely on liquids to provide them with hydration and nutrition. Speech-language pathologists working within pediatric medical settings often identify dysphagia in patients and subsequently recommend thickened liquids to reduce aspiration risk. Caregivers frequently report difficulty attempting to prepare infant formula to the prescribed thickness. Materials and Methods: This study was designed to determine (1) the relationship between consistencies in modified barium swallow studies and thickened infant formulas and (2) the effects of time and temperature on the resulting thickness of infant formula. Prepackaged barium consistencies and 1 standard infant formula that was thickened with rice cereal and with 2 commercially available thickening agents were studied. Thickness was determined via a line spread test after various time and temperature conditions were met. Results: There were significant differences be...
Cell-Permeable Peptides Containing Cycloalanine Residues

We present here an efficient alternative to N-methylation for the purpose of morphing protein-binding peptides into more serum-stable and cell-permeable compounds. This involves the incorporation of a cycloalanine (CyAla) into a peptide in a way that avoids difficult coupling steps. We demonstrate the utility of this chemistry in creating a cell-permeable derivative of a high-affinity HIV Rev protein-binding peptide.
Comment: Looking Beyond the Ability EI Model Facilitates the Development of New Performance-Based Tests

Despite widespread support for the idea of measuring EI as an ability based on Mayer and Salovey’s model, only a few performance-based EI tests have been developed. I argue that both the original a...
Effect of hydraulic conductivity probability distribution function on simulated solute leaching

In this paper, the effect of fitting several different probability-distribution functions to hydraulic conductivity or pore-water velocity values, in the simulation of the movement of a nonreactive solute through the soil, is evaluated. The simulation of solute transport in the soil was found to be sensitive to the distribution fitted to pore-water velocity. The log-Gaussian (log-normal) distribution, though traditionally used, is not necessarily the best distribution for characterizing the spatial variability of saturated hydraulic conductivity, pore-water velocity, or infiltrability. The upper tails of the simulated relative concentration series are best fitted by beta distributions, regardless of the input distribution used for pore-water velocity
The Impact of Pell Grant Eligibility on Community College Students’ Financial Aid Packages, Labor Supply, and Academic Outcomes:

In this article, we examine the effects of receiving a modest Pell Grant on financial aid packages, labor supply while in school, and academic outcomes for community college students. Using adminis...
From Pollution to Empowerment: Women, Age, and Power among the Bena Bena of the Eastern Highlands

This article explores how various cultural patterns of age and gender in both precolonial and postcolonial times created differences in the lives of older and younger women. Among the Bena Bena of Ganaga village in Papua New Guinea's Eastern Highlands Province, three sets of gender ideas were used to evaluate women's activities and capabilities as they moved through the life course in precolonial times. Women could use these ideas as sources of power and influence in their relations with men and women. The achievement of social adulthood and menopause offered women a greater range of opportunities, expanded their power bases, and formed the basis for age stratification among women. Sixty years of culture change and economic development have transformed the Bena Bena into coffee-producing peasants. Although women's work loads have increased, their power bases and many of the activities through which they earned prestige have remained intact. The final part of the article explores how a wide variety of changes associated with the development process affect the contemporary ideas of age and gender that inform women's behavior and the relationships that they form with other women and men.
Zinc and Cadmium Diphenate Coordination Polymers with Conformationally Flexible Dipyridylamide Ligands

Zinc and cadmium diphenate (dip, biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylate) coordination polymers containing conformationally flexible dipyridylamide ligands show diverse chain and layer topologies as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [Cd(dipH)2(bdin)]n (1) [bdin = N,N′-(butane-1,3-diyl)diisonicotinamide] shows a simple 1D zigzag chain structure. {[Cd(dip)(pdin)(H2O)]·1.25H2O}n (2) [pdin = N,N′-(propane-1,3-diyl)diisonicotinamide] shows bilayer slabs formed by interleaving of (4,4) rectangular grid layers. {[Zn2(dip)2(3-pna)2]·3H2O}n (3) (3-pna = 3-pyridylnicotinamide) manifests a rare 4-connected 1D ribbon topology. {[Cd(dip)(4-ppbp)]·2H2O}n (4) [4-ppbp = propane-1,3-diylbis(piperidine-4,1-diyl)bis(pyridin-4-ylmethanone)] shows a 3,5-connected layer with (426)(42678) 3,5L2 topology. {[Zn4(dip)4(H2O)2(4-ppbp)2]·12H2O}n (5) exhibits 2D 3,6-connected layers with (43)2(466683) kgd topology featuring embedded R(8)A(2) classification 10-membered water clusters. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 undergo violet or blue-violet fluorescence upon ultraviolet irradiation. Thermal decomposition behavior of the new phases is also discussed.
Fertilization Methods Affect Growth, Color and Nitrogen Leaching of Winter Annuals in Landscape Beds

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate fertilizer formulations, methods of application, and frequency of application on growth of winter-grown landscape bedding plants and N leaching. In Expt. 1, ‘Majestic Giants White’ pansy (Viola xwittrockiana Gams.) and ‘Telstar Purple’ dianthus (Dianthus chinensis L.) were planted in raised beds. Four inorganic fertilizer formulations were applied at 4.9 g/m2 N (1 lb N/1000 ft2) either incorporated pre-plant or topdressed post-plant. Additional treatments included an industry practice (IP) of incorporating a granular water soluble (GWS) fertilizer pre-plant and topdressing a controlled release fertilizer (CRF) post-plant, and a pre-plant incorporation of an organically-based fertilizer (OBF) composed of recycled newspaper amended with chicken manure. In Expt. 2, similar treatments were applied to the following species: ‘Bingo Blue with Blotch’ pansy, ‘Telstar Crimson Picotee’ dianthus, and ‘Tall Red’ snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.). Across both studies...
What We've Learned: Managing Financial Resources

(1988). What We've Learned: Managing Financial Resources. Research-Technology Management: Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 21-38.
Homicide in a Horse Barn

As forensic scientists and physicians, forensic pathologists are duty-bound to perform their examinations with integrity and professionalism. The practice of medicine requires knowledge regarding the history and presentation of the patient. In forensic pathology, the history includes scene and other investigative information, and the decedent's medical and social history. Such information is important for the correct certification of the cause and manner of death. Herein, the authors present a case originally thought by police and death investigators to represent a sexual-assault-related homicide, as an elderly female's body was found partially nude, and apparently beaten, on the muddy floor of her horse barn. At autopsy, some of the injuries were determined to be postmortem and caused by horses. Additionally, gastric Wishnewsky spots indicated hypothermia as a probable mechanism of death. Finally, an acute hip fracture was identified, which explained why she was incapable of moving from her potentially dangerous environment.
La tiranía de lo «económicamente correcto»

Hace un cuarto de siglo, Albert Hirschman habia constatado la tendencia de lo economico a «colonizar» lo politico. Esta colonizacion ha continuado tomando una amplitud considerable, y se manifiesta en la conduccion de los asuntos de un numero creciente de paises. Es paradojico, sin embargo, que aquellos expertos que se han equivocado en todas las cosas gocen de una considerable autonomia de accion, y que un pensamiento cada vez mas dogmatico extienda permanentemente su campo de aplicacion. Como en teologia, se permite el desacuerdo sobre los detalles esotericos, incluso se estimula, pues asi se da la impresion de un debate vigoroso que hace avanzar el estado de los conocimientos; pero en lo esencial el debate esta circunscrito a lo que es «economicamente correcto».
Lateral root growth in Arabidopsis is controlled by short and long distance signaling through the LRR RLKs XIP1/CEPR1 and CEPR2

Plants rely on lateral roots to explore their soil environment and to maximize their uptake of essential minerals and water. Here we present evidence that the receptor kinases XIP1/CEPR1 and CEPR2 regulate both the initiation of lateral root primordia and emergence of lateral roots locally in the root, while also controlling lateral root extension in response to shoot-derived sucrose in Arabidopsis plants. In addition, mutation of both of these receptors prevents seedlings from responding to sucrose in the media, resulting in longer lateral roots. These results, combined with previous data, establish XIP1/CEPR1 and CEPR2-dependent roles in short- and long-distance pathways regulating different stages of lateral root growth.
Approximate Solution of Difference Equations

Difference equations (recursion relations) occur so frequently in applied mathematics that we allot a full chapter to a discussion of the behavior of their solutions. We will study the problem of determining the behavior of a n , the solution to a difference equation, as n → ∞. This is the most common kind of asymptotics problem involving difference equations.
Overview of Recent Advances in Short-Pulse Strong-Field Ionization of Atoms

We sketch progress in high-power laser development and recent advances in theoretical understanding of high-intensity laser ionization of atoms. Phenomena of recent interest are atomic electron localization and an accompanying suppression of ionization. These are observed in new supercomputer simulations. They occur in short-pulse laser-atom interactions in a range of laser intensities near to and above 1016 watts/cm2.
Two Ways of Understanding Learning: Integrating the Profile and Principle Approaches

This final chapter is offered as an opportunity to reflect on the book as a whole, and to appreciate how the perspective we’ve developed amounts to a fundamentally different way of understanding not just differences between students, but learning itself. The more familiar approach, which focuses on the identification of discrete weaknesses and strengths in individual students, we’ve already identified as the profile view.
Yeast SUB1 is a suppressor of TFIIB mutations and has homology to the human co-activator PC4.

Abstract Activation of transcription in eukaryotes depends upon the interplay between transcriptional activators and general transcription factors. While direct contacts between activators and general factors have been demonstrated in vitro, an additional class of proteins, termed co-activators, is also required of transcriptional activation. Here we describe a yeast protein, SUB1, that was isolated as a suppressor of the cold-sensitive TFIIB R78H mutant. The N-terminal third of SUB1 is highly similar to the mammalian co-activator PC4. We show that increased expression of SUB1 suppresses two alleles of TFIIB (E62G, R78H) specifically and that the deletion of SUB1 is lethal in combination with these same two alleles. We show that SUB1 binds to TFIIB in vitro and that it specifically inhibits the formation of TBP-TFIIB-promoter complexes. Furthermore we show that increasing the copy number of SUB1 stimulates transcriptional activation in vivo. Based on our results and recent observations of others, we propose that SUB1 plays a role in the release of TFIIB from the transcription complex during transcription initiation.
Integer Partitions with Even Parts Below Odd Parts and the Mock Theta Functions

The paper begins with a study of a couple of classes of partitions in which each even part is smaller than each odd. In one class, a Dyson-type crank exists to explain a mod 5 congruence. The second part of the paper treats the arithmetic and combinatorial properties of the third order mock theta function $${\nu(q)}$$ and relates the even part of $${\nu(q)}$$ to the partitions initially considered. We also consider a surprisingly simple combinatorial relationship between the cranks and the ranks of the partition of n.
Bringing Disability Into the Discussion: Examining Technology Accessibility as An Equity Concern in the Field of Instructional Technology

This article presents a review of the literature, pertaining to technology accessibility in K–12 schools in the United States, in order to bring technology accessibility into conversations about eq...
An accelerated SAR Back Projection Algorithm using Integer Arithmetic

Frequency-domain algorithms are used frequently to form Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from SAR video phase histories (VPH). Even though frequency-domain algorithms are computationally efficient, they work under many assumptions that do not hold for all imaging cases. Time-domain back projection (BP) algorithms can avoid such problems. The drawback of BP is that it requires a higher number of operations leading to a higher computational complexity in the order of $N^{3}$ . Recently, various acceleration methods for time domain back projection have been developed in the radar processing community. This paper presents a new acceleration method for SAR BP using fixed-point arithmetic. It is shown that fixed-point based BP algorithm is faster than traditional algorithm and it maintains a high output image quality. The proposed algorithm process images with 15.69% speedup on average, while maintaining high quality image outputs.
Palladio’s Long Reach in His Century and Beyond

This “Letter from the Editor” begins with an explanation of the impetus for this special issue honoring Carl and Sally Gable for their exemplary stewardship of Palladio’s Villa Cornaro in Piombino Dese. Over the course of their 28-year ownership of the villa, the Gables approached every renovation by trying to be as faithful as possible to what Palladio would have done and/or to preserve the centuries-old history of the villa. Anecdotal evidence is offered as examples of the kind of careful attention to detail that they exhibited. This discussion is followed by an introduction to the papers that make up vol. 21, no. 2 (2019).
A Novel Treatment for a Rare Cause of Cardiogenic Shock.

Abstract Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)–associated myocarditis is a rare but life-threatening adverse drug reaction with a very high mortality rate and no effective therapies. We report a case of DRESS-associated myocarditis complicated by cardiogenic shock successfully treated with a novel targeted therapy. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
Correlation between intelligence and safety behavior in clinical nurses

Objective To understand the intelligence and safety behavior in clinical nurses and to explore the correlation between them so as to provide a basis for standardizing nurses' safety behavior. Methods From February to April 2019, we selected clinical nurses at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University and the third affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University by convenience sampling as subjects. The investigation was carried out with the Safety Behavior Scale (SBS) and Chinese version of Resourcefulness Scale (RS) . A total of 414 questionnaires were sent out and 411 valid questionnaires were collected with 99.28% for the valid recovery rate. Results Among 411 clinical nurses, the total scores of SBS and RS were (53.04±8.37) and (95.56±18.26) respectively. Single factor analysis showed that there were statistical differences in the scores of SBS among nurses with different ages, work lives, professional titles and education levels (P<0.05) . Hierarchical regression analysis showed the influencing factors of safety behavior of nurses were work lives, professional titles and education levels. After controlling general information, individual intelligence was the influencing factor of safety behavior in clinical nurses. Conclusions The higher the clinical nurse's intelligence is, the more standardized the patients' safety behavior is. Nursing managers should improve clinical nurses' intelligence by various measures and further standardize nurses' safety behavior. Key words: Nurses; Intelligence; Safety behavior; Correlation
A Dermatologic Perspective on Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children

As of May 2020, an emerging immune-mediated syndrome mainly affecting children has been detected primarily in Europe and the United States. The incidence of this syndrome appears to mirror the initial infectious assault, with a delay of several weeks. This syndrome has been termed "multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" (MIS-C) and is observed in association with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The phenotypes of presentation include several characteristic features, including prolonged fever, skin eruption, neck stiffness, and gastrointestinal manifestations with pronounced abdominal pain. Shock and organ dysfunction on presentation are frequent but inconsistent, whereas respiratory distress is typically and notably absent. We have reviewed recently published data aiming to better understand MIS-C, with a focus on its mucocutaneous manifestations.
The association of Hospital Medicare beneficiary payer-mix, national quality rankings and outcomes following hepatopancreatic surgery

Abstract Introduction We sought to determine the impact of payer-mix on post-operative outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries following hepatopancreatic surgery. Methods Medicare beneficiaries who underwent hepatopancreatic surgery were identified. Hospital quality markers were obtained from the Hospital General Information dataset. Hospitals were dichotomized (low/average vs. high) based on Medicare patient days versus all patient days irrespective of payer type. Results High Medicare patient-mix hospitals were more likely to be ranked higher than the national average relative to safety of care (29.4% vs. 38.1%) and timeliness of care (15.4% vs. 26.3%) versus low burden Medicare hospitals (both p Conclusion While hospitals caring for higher numbers of Medicare beneficiaries generally performed better on CMS quality indicators, these rankings did not equate to improved post-operative outcomes.
Noniatrogenic Medial Patellar Dislocations: Case Series and International Patellofemoral Study Group Experience.

Background:Most patellar dislocations occur in a lateral direction because of a summed lateral force vector and predisposing anatomic risk factors. Medial patellar instability is rare and is a well...
RNA Epigenetics: Fine-Tuning Chromatin Plasticity and Transcriptional Regulation, and the Implications in Human Diseases

Chromatin structure plays an essential role in eukaryotic gene expression and cell identity. Traditionally, DNA and histone modifications have been the focus of chromatin regulation; however, recent molecular and imaging studies have revealed an intimate connection between RNA epigenetics and chromatin structure. Accumulating evidence suggests that RNA serves as the interplay between chromatin and the transcription and splicing machineries within the cell. Additionally, epigenetic modifications of nascent RNAs fine-tune these interactions to regulate gene expression at the co- and post-transcriptional levels in normal cell development and human diseases. This review will provide an overview of recent advances in the emerging field of RNA epigenetics, specifically the role of RNA modifications and RNA modifying proteins in chromatin remodeling, transcription activation and RNA processing, as well as translational implications in human diseases.
The Association of Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy on Overall Survival in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Analysis

Purpose/objective(s) Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive cutaneous neoplasm traditionally managed with surgical resection followed by radiotherapy (RT). With the recent approval of checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapy is less commonly utilized. We analyzed the impact of RT and chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) in patients with MCC using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER), a population-level database. Materials and methods We performed retrospective analyses on SEER 18 Custom Data registries for MCC (ICD-0-3 8247). Data from 1980 to 2016 was queried for analysis, and an initial list of 9,792 patients was populated (ICD: C00, C07.9, C44, C80.9). Selection for cases with chemotherapy and RT status, single primary tumor, primary tumor location and surgery treatment type yielded 5,002 cases for analysis. Baseline characteristics were compared with Chi-square or Mann-Whitney U test. Univariate and multivariable analysis using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling were performed. Propensity-score matched analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to account for indication bias. Results Median follow-up time was 178 months (68 to 217 months). Independent prognostic factors positively correlated with increased OS, for both unadjusted Multivariate analysis and IPTW adjusted MVA were age, male sex, year of diagnosis, stage, RT status, and chemotherapy status. On adjusted MVA, use of chemotherapy was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio: 1.22 [95% CI 1.1-1.35], p<0.001), whereas RT was associated with improved OS (HR:0.9 [95% CI, 0.83-0.97], p=0.008). Conclusions The current study demonstrates that RT is associated with improved survival for patients with MCC. Chemotherapy was associated with worse OS. This supports the recent clinical shift towards immune checkpoints inhibitors as standard of care in the metastatic setting, and promising trials in the adjuvant and advanced settings.
University as Megaengineering Project

The physical expansion of major U.S. campuses in recent decades clearly places these institutions into a megaproject category, though we seldom consider them this way. As student enrollment soared along with academic ambitions since the 1950s, spatial expansion kept pace, and sometimes outpaced these. Even those who use universities on a daily basis have little sense of the scope and complexity of these institutions. The University of Minnesota is one of many very large U.S. campuses. Its growth highlights the opportunities and challenges inherent in the academic enterprise.
Gewald aminothiophene synthesis

Base-promoted aminothiophene formation from ketone, α-active methylene nitrile and elemental sulfur.
Why Information Retrieval Needs Cognitive Science: A call to arms

Much of today’s success in Information Retrieval (IR) comes from a hard approach: employing blazingly fast machines, ever more refined statistics, and increasingly powerful classification schemes. In recent years, however, the hard approach has entered a phase of diminishing returns. This paper explores a softer alternative which, we argue, is still in the phase of increasing returns. As the quality of an IR system is ultimately decided by its users, the approach starts from how these users structure information. Interestingly, for this approach many useful principles are readily available in the psychological literature. We illustrate the approach with three examples. The first applies the cognitive status of ‘complex nominals’ to improve search results by automatically constructing specialized queries. The second shows how the connection between language and imagery at the ‘basic level’ can be used for multimedia retrieval on the World Wide Web. The final example employs the notion of ’semantic space’ to make retrieval more effective especially for large scale corpora. In each example the results were substantial. The cases we studied illustrate how an approach to information retrieval based on cognitive principles can lead to significant, immediate, and fundamental results. It shows how prolific the application of cognitive science to the core of IR can be, and we believe that both disciplines stand to benefit from this approach.
Near-field inverse coherent imaging problems: solutions, simulations and applications

This work presents a rigorous mathematical derivation of an effective approximate solution to the near-field 3-D inverse scattering/imaging problem. The model system operates in a synthetic aperture type mode, where the coherent signals are transmitted, and the scattered signals are subsequently received at individual transmitters and receivers. Simulation results show that the point spread function obtained from the algorithmic reconstruction are in close accord with the ground truth point spread function for scatterers located in both the near and far field of the coherent aperture.
Increasing the Capacity of Health Sciences to Address Health Disparities

In order to create a cohort of investigators who are engaged in health disparities research, scholarship, and practice, and to increase the amount of funding in the university that is invested in research focused on reducing health disparities, the San Diego EXPORT Center implemented 2 major initiatives: (1) the support of underrepresented minority (URM) junior faculty development and (2) the funding for pilot research grants in health disparities. This paper describes the activities employed by the center and summarizes the outcomes of these two initiatives. Ninety-five percent (18 of 19) URM junior faculty completed the faculty development program, and 83.3% (15 of 18) of the completers are advancing in their academic careers at University of California San Diego (UCSD) and are teaching, working with populations at risk and/or conducting research in health disparities. EXPORT awarded 7 investigators a total of $429 186 to conduct pilot research, and 71.4% (5/7) have now obtained $4.7 million in independent extramural funding. The San Diego EXPORT Center has increased the research capacity, strengthened the infrastructure for health disparities research, and created a cohort of successful URM junior faculty who are advancing in their academic careers. These investigators are already changing the climate at UCSD by their leadership activities, research focus, peer-networking, and mentoring of students.
Qualitative structural analysis using diagrammatic reasoning

Diagrammatic reasoning is a type of reasoning in which the primary means of inference is direct manipulation and inspection of a diagram. Diagrammatic reasoning is prevalent in human problem solving behavior, especially for problems involving spatial relations among physical objects. Our research examines the relationship between diagrammatic and symbolic reasoning in a computational framework. We have built a system, called REDRAW, that emulates the human capability for reasoning with pictures in civil engineering. The class of structural analysis problems chosen provides a realistic domain whose solution process requires domain-specific knowledge as well as pictorial reasoning skills. We hypothesize that diagrammatic representations provide an environment where inferences about the physical results of proposed structural configurations can take place in a more intuitive manner than that possible through purely symbolic representations.
Measuring self-esteem after spinal cord injury: Development, validation and psychometric characteristics of the SCI-QOL Self-esteem item bank and short form

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development and psychometric properties of the Spinal Cord Injury-Quality of Life (SCI-QOL) Self-esteem item bank.DesignUsing a mixed-methods design, we developed and tested a self-esteem item bank through the use of focus groups with individuals with SCI and clinicians with expertise in SCI, cognitive interviews, and item-response theory- (IRT) based analytic approaches, including tests of model fit, differential item functioning (DIF) and precision.SettingWe tested a pool of 30 items at several medical institutions across the United States, including the University of Michigan, Kessler Foundation, the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, the University of Washington, Craig Hospital, and the James J. Peters/Bronx Department of Veterans Affairs hospital.ParticipantsA total of 717 individuals with SCI completed the self-esteem items.ResultsA unidimensional model was observed (CFI = 0.946; RMSEA = 0.087) and measurement precision was good (theta range between −2.7 and 0.7). ...
Practical Techniques for Operating System Attestation

This paper describes three practical techniques for authenticating the code and other execution state of an operating system using the services of the TPM and a hypervisor. The techniques trade off detailed reporting of the OS code and configuration with the manageability and comprehensibility of reported configurations. Such trade-offs are essential because of the complexity and diversity of modern general purpose operating systems makes simple code authentication schemes using code hashes or certificates infeasible.
DON'T PUT ALL YOUR EGGS ON ONE BASKET: THE LESSON FROM DETROIT'S BANKRUPTCY

After struggled for nearly 50 years, the city of Detroit filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy on 18 July, 2013 and emerged from court protection on 10 December, 2014 brining to a close the largest municipal bankruptcy in American history after 17 months. In this research, we argue that the failure of Detroit is collectively attributed to the lack of a well-thought industry strategy. We structure a conceptual framework relating a city's industry mix to the population growth and its human capital stock. The stock of human capital is not only an outcome of the industry strategy but it feeds back to the industry portfolio. By using a time series data, we show a significant impact of the market share of the Detroit Three on the employment of the traditional industries in the Detroit area. The education attainment of the adult population in Detroit suggests a stagnant trend since 2005. Our empirical evidence jointly implies that an un-diversified industry portfolio of a city not only intensifies the correlation between its economic fate with the fluctuation of the focused industry but it also generates barriers to upgrade its work force and as a result, rebalancing its industry mix becomes difficult.
Effect of lipophilic vehicles on in vivo skin penetration of methyl nicotinate in different races

Studies on racial differences in percutaneous penetration have mainly focused on measurements of either the pharmacodynamic response of a drug or skin reactivity to irritants. In order to clarify the contribution of the barrier stratum corneum to the overall drug penetration rate in different races, an in vivo permeability study was conducted with methyl nicotinate as the model drug. Four races (Caucasians, Hispanics, Blacks, Asians) were investigated. The drug was dissolved in various lipophilic vehicles (dimethicone 100, light mineral oil, isopropyl myristate, medium chain triglycerides) at concentrations that provide equal drug escaping tendencies. Drug solutions were applied to the upper arms of 48 subjects (four races with 12 subjects each) with a glass chamber system. To avoid drug depletion, drug disappearance rates were measured under steady-state conditions by the so-called difference method. Drug flux among the four races increases in the following order: Blacks < Asians < Caucasians < Hispanics. The effect of race almost reaches significance level (P = 0.067). Fisher's PLSD post-hoc procedure indicated a significant difference between drug penetration in Hispanics and Blacks (P = 0.009) suggesting structural or functional differences in the stratum corneum. Enhancement factors were calculated from the steady-state flux values, (i.e. drug disappearance rates per area unit) for each race. Significant enhancing effects (P = 0.0001) were observed with the vehicles isopropyl myristate and mineral oil with all races.
The melting transition of Ni7 and Ni7H as modeled by a semi-empirical potential

Abstract A systematic investigation of the melting properties of Ni 7 and Ni 7 H is presented. Classical Monte Carlo simulation methods modified by j-walking are used. Melting takes place at 100 ± 20 K and the heat capacity peak is ∼400 K wide for both systems. Using structural comparison techniques, quantitative isomer distributions as function of temperature are determined without quenching. The addition of one atom of hydrogen does not visibly increase the `mobility' of the finite nickel substrate.
The house that JAK/STAT built

Abstract An international workshop on ‘Cytokines, Signaling and the Jak/Stat Pathway’ organized by Peter C. Heinrich of the Klinikum der RWTH Aachen under the auspices of DFG-Forschergruppe was held in Aachen, Germany, on 4–5 October 1996. In this review David Levy notes that even though some diagrams shown at the meeting displayed more arrows than there were meeting participants, remarkable progress has been made in the unraveling of the complexities of cytokine signal transduction. The central issue in the field of cytokine signaling is specificity, and this issue was addressed through experimental results from biochemical, molecular, and genetic studies of signal transduction pathways.
Lagrange's Proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

(2006). Lagrange's Proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 113, No. 8, pp. 705-714.
Isolated Tricuspid Stenosis

A case is reported of isolated tricuspid stenosis with a 5-year hemodynamic follow-up after a tricuspid commissurotomy. Fusion of the commissures and chordae tendineae of the tricuspid valve was noted at surgery. There was a history of rheumatic fever, and 5 years after surgery mild mitral stenosis had developed. Seven previously reported cases of isolated tricuspid stenosis have been considered by some authors to be congenital in origin, and, therefore, isolated tricuspid stenosis of rheumatic origin is thought to be established for the first time.
A rapid enzymic method for glycogen estimation in very small tissue samples.

Abstract Use of specific enzymes for the degradation of glycogen followed by enzymic determination of the glucose formed, confers such a high degree of specificity to the described glycogen assay method that it is possible to determine glycogen directly, i.e. without prior isolation, in very dilute homogenates of less than 1 mg of liver or less than 10 mg of muscle.
Management of chronic postoperative pain following incisional hernia repair with Composix mesh: a report of two cases

There are new prosthetic biomaterials that are used to repair various defects in the abdominal wall. These have been developed within the last several years. The results of many of these products are not yet available. We report on two patients who developed chronic-pain syndromes that could only be related to the use of Composix mesh. This entity may become more conspicuous in the future, thereby presenting the surgeon with difficulty in approaching this new and difficult problem. We believe that shrinkage of the prosthesis was responsible for the pain. Both of these patients responded favorably to resection of the mesh by the open or laparoscopic technique. This was followed by repair of the fascial defect with DualMesh by the open or laparoscopic method. We were successful in the achievement of the relief of the pain and the repair of the hernia in both cases. We believe that this entity can be treated successfully by this approach. The laparoscopic method is favored.
Democratic theory and the challenge of linguistic diversity

This essay explores the relationship between democratic political theory and the reality of linguistic diversity in contemporary political communities. After suggesting a distinction between “liberal” and “participatory” democratic theories, and asserting that there have been fruitful explorations of linguistic diversity in relation to the former, the essay claims that there has been a virtual absence of critical examination of the implications of linguistic diversity for participatory democracy. The essay explores the implications of “ontological multilingualism” for three purported advantages of participatory democracy: the legitimation advantage, the common good advantage, and the human flourishing advantage. After examining challenges to the accommodation of linguistic diversity by participatory democracies, the essay concludes with suggestive comments on how these challenges might best be approached.
Rephasing ion packets in the orbitrap mass analyzer to improve resolution and peak shape

A method is described to improve resolution and peak shape in the Orbitrap under certain experimental conditions. In these experiments, an asymmetric anharmonic axial potential was first produced in the Orbitrap by detuning the voltage on the compensator electrode, which results in broad and multiply split mass spectral peaks. An AC waveform applied to the outer electrode, 180° out of phase with ion axial motion and resonant with the frequency of ion axial motion, caused ions of a given m/z to be de-excited to the equator (z=0) and then immediately re-excited. This process, termed “rephasing,” leaves the ion packet with a narrower axial spatial extent and frequency distribution. For example, when the Orbitrap axial potential is thus anharmonically de-tuned, a resolution of 124,000 to 171,000 is obtained, a 2- to 3-fold improvement over the resolution of 40,000 to 60,000 without rephasing, at 10 ng/µL reserpine concentration. Such a rephasing capability may ultimately prove useful in implementing tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the Orbitrap, bringing the Orbitrap’s high mass accuracy and resolution to bear on both the precursor and product ions in the same MS/MS scan and making available the collision energy regime of the Orbitrap, ∼1500 eV.
Recovery of acetylcholinesterase in cultured chick embryo muscle treated with paraoxon.

Abstract Brief treatments with paraoxon ( O , O -diethyl- p -nitrophenyl phosphate) irreversibly inhibited the acetylcholinesterase (AChE, acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) activity of cultured chick embryo muscle. Enzyme activity recovered as long as protein synthesis occurred, and was most rapid during the first 4 hr after paraoxon treatment. The initial recovery rate was related to the extent of initial inhibition of AChE activity: the more activity inhibited the more rapid the recovery. Differences noted between paraoxon-treated and untreated cultures during recovery included a 192 per cent increase in net AChE activity and an increase of 200 per cent in cell protein levels. AChE activity first appeared around the nuclei after paraoxon treatment, spread through the rest of the cell, and was released into the medium. The results suggest the presence of feedback control of the rapid recovery of AChE activity after organophosphate poisoning.
Thermal stability and decomposition kinetics of Li2Al4CO3(OH)12·3H2O

The thermal stability of lithium containing hydrotalcite, a material that has potential application for providing atmospheric corrosion protection to aluminium alloys, was investigated. Lithium aluminium carbonate hydroxide hydrate (Li2Al4CO3(OH)12·3H2O) coatings were prepared by immersion of an 1100 aluminium alloy into a lithium carbonate-lithium hydroxide solution, and the bulk material was prepared by precipitation in the same solution. Thermal stability of the coatings and the bulk material existed to around 150 °C. Above this temperature, interlayer water was expelled, followed by loss of structural water and carbon dioxide. The kinetic parameters for interlayer water loss have been determined, and water loss can be described by a Johnson-Mehl-Avrami rate equation.
Feasibility of Using a Seismic Surface Wave Method to Study Seasonal and Weather Effects on Shallow Surface Soils

The objective of this paper is to study the feasibility of using a seismic surface wave method to investigate seasonal and weather effects on shallow surface soils. In the study, temporal variations of subsurface soil properties were measured and monitored by using a combination of a new seismic surface method and an existing acoustic probe system. A laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV)-based multi-channel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method is developed to measure the soil profile in terms of shear wave velocity at depths up to a few meters. While the conventional MASW uses geophones as surface vibration sensors, the present MASW uses a moving LDV as a non-contact sensor to detect Rayleigh wave propagation generated by an electromagnetic shaker operating in chirp mode. A long-term survey was conducted by measuring the S-wave velocity profile with the MASW along with measurements of soil temperature, water content, water potential, and P-wave velocity with the acoustic probe system. The results from the two methods are compared and interpreted with the concept of the effective stress, governed by soil suction stress for top unsaturated soils and by overburden pressure for deeper layers of soils. This study demonstrates that the S-wave velocity images obtained from the LDV-MASW method can effectively monitor and visualize the temporal and spatial variations of subsurface soil properties caused by seasonal and weather effects.
Choline partially prevents the impact of ethanol on the lipid raft dependent functions of l1 cell adhesion molecule.

Background Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, the leading known cause of mental retardation, is caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. One mechanism of ethanol (EtOH) teratogenicity is the disruption of the functions of L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1). These functions include enhancement of neurite outgrowth, trafficking through lipid rafts, and signal transduction. Recent data have shown that choline supplementation of rat pups reduces the effects of EtOH on neurobehavior. We sought to determine whether choline could prevent the effect of EtOH on L1 function using a simple experimental system. Methods Cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) from postnatal day 6 rat pups were cultured with and without supplemental choline, and the effects on L1 signaling, lipid raft distribution, and neurite outgrowth were measured in the presence or absence of EtOH. Results Choline significantly reduced the effect of EtOH on L1 signaling, the distribution of L1 in lipid rafts and L1-mediated neurite outgrowth. However, choline supplemented EtOH-exposed cultures remained significantly different than controls. Conclusions Choline pretreatment of CGN significantly reduces the disruption of L1 function by EtOH, but does not completely return L1 function to baseline. This experimental system will enable discovery of the mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of choline.