cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COMPARISONS AMONG. METHODS OF SCORING ANDROGYNY CONTINUOUSLY USING COMPUTER-SIMULATED DATA

Summary.-To study the relationship between the Bern-Spence categorical method of scoring androgyny and a number of continuous methods, Bem's Masculinity and Femininity scores were simulated for 50 studies of 200 subjects each. The continuous methods relate closely to one another and leave between 64% and 71% of the variance in the categorical method unaccounted for. There is little evidence for choosing one method over another. Research is needed to compare the predictions of the median-split method with those of the continuous methods. A number of methods have been suggested for scoring androgyny as a continuous variable (Bobko & Schwartz, 1984; Bryan, Coleman, & Ganong, 1981; Heilbrun & Pitman, 1979; Kalin, 1979; Lubinski, Tellegen, & Butcher, 1981;, Strahap, 1981). To study the relationship between the Bern-Spence categorical scoring system for androgyny and androgyny scored continuously, a computer simulation was run. The SPSS COMPUTE routine was used to develop two independent normal distributions of data. Based on Bern's (1981) normative data, one vaiiable, simulating Masculinity scores, was developed to have a mean of 4.95 and a SD of .65, the second variable, simulating Bern's Femininity scores, had a mean of 4.82 and a SD of 39. Two.hundred pairs of scores were produced for each simulated study to provide the approximate sample size in a typical study. The data reported here are based on 50 simulations. There are in all 10,000 pairs of scores. In this research, androgyny was scored using the median-split method suggested by Spence, Helmreich, and Stapp (1975) and Bern (1977). The medians from Bern's (1981) normative sample were used (Masculinity = 4.95; Fernininicy = 4.90). Subjects categorized as androgynous were assigned a score of 1, all others were assigned a score of 0.
Acute and chronic effects of LSD and 5-MeODMT on raphe-evoked dorsal root potentials in the cat

Both acute and chronic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) on the dorsal root potential (DRP), evoked by stimulation of the nucleus raphe magnus of the cat, were examined. Single injections of LSD potentiated while those of 5-MeODMT inhibited the raphe-evoked DRP. The electrophysiologic response produced by each drug correlates well in dosage and time-course with their reported behavioral effects. Following four consecutive daily injections of LSD, complete tolerance developed to the potentiating effect of LSD on this potential. A similar pretreatment schedule with 5-MeODMT failed to alter its acute inhibitory effect on the DRP. These results correlate well with the development of tolerance to the behavioral effects of LSD and 5-MeODMT. This system may thus provide a unique electrophysiological model to examine the effects of these drugs.
Separate but equal: School psychology's search for organizational identity

Abstract Most school psychologists are familiar with contemporary organizations in school psychology including Division 16 of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP). The organizational roots of these groups are traced from the founding of the APA to the present time. This article focuses on the significance of these organizations and their contributions to the development of school psychology. Trends in the structure and characteristics of the organizations are described, as are their implications for the organizational identity of school psychology.
Implant Wear Induces Inflammation, but Not Osteoclastic Bone Resorption, in RANK / Mice

Signaling of RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B) through its ligand RANKL appears critical in osteolysis associated with aseptic loosening (AL). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of RANK in a murine osteolysis model developed in RANK knockout (RANK(-/-)) mice. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) debris was introduced into established air pouches on RANK(-/-) mice, followed by implantation of calvaria bone from syngeneic littermates. Wild type C57BL/6 (RANK(+/+)) mice injected with either UHMWPE or saline alone were included in this study. Pouch tissues were collected 14 days after UHMWPE inoculation for molecular and histology analysis. Results showed that UHMWPE stimulation induced strong pouch tissue inflammation in RANK(-/-) mice, as manifested by inflammatory cellular infiltration, pouch tissue proliferation, and increased gene expression of IL-1beta, TNFalpha, and RANKL. However, the UHMWPE-induced inflammation in RANK(-/-) mice was not associated with the osteoclastic bone resorption observed in RANK(+/+) mice. In RANK(+/+) mice subjected to UHMWPE stimulation, a large number of TRAP(+) cells were found on the implanted bone surface, where active osteoclastic bone resorption was observed. No TRAP(+) cells were found in UHMWPE-containing pouch tissues of RANK(-/-) mice. Consistent with the lack of osteoclastic activity shown by TRAP staining, no significant UHMWPE particle-induced bone resorption was found in RANK(-/-) mice. A well preserved bone collagen content (Van Gieson staining) and normal plateau surface contour [microcomputed tomography (microCT)] of implanted bone was observed in RANK(-/-) mice subjected to UHMWPE stimulation. In conclusion, this study provides the evidence that UHMWPE particles induce strong inflammatory responses, but not associated with osteoclastic bone resorption in RANK(-/-) mice. This indicates that RANK signaling is essential for UHMWPE particle-induced osteoclastic bone resorption, but does not participate in UHMWPE particle-induced inflammatory response.
Assessment and Management of Pain in Infancy

Abstract Infant pain assessment and management are complex processes. Although infants are able to communicate distress, interpretation of their signals is difficult. We now understand infant pain perception and the resulting adverse sequelae of uncontrolled pain. We know infants do feel pain and suffer adverse long-term outcomes resulting from early exposure to repetitive, unrelieved pain. Infants perceive pain more intensely than adults. The developing brain is extremely vulnerable to environmental influences; repeated painful situations and stress can alter its development. Infant pain interventions are more important than ever realized. Interventions include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods. Pharmacologic interventions include opioids, weak opioids, acetaminophen, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Nonpharmacologic interventions in conjuction with pharmacologic strategies are preferred pain treatments. To determine the best pain intervention, evaluation of infant pain requires both physiologic and behavioral criteria. Pain assessment tools for the older infants are presented. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Fine Distinctions within Cognitive Style Predict Forecasting Accuracy

Leveraging data from over 1,000 users in the System for Prediction, Aggregation, Display and Elicitation (SPADE) research program, we present preliminary data on the factor structure of individual variation in decision making ability and the associations of this variance with errors in cognitive reasoning and accuracy in making socio-political forecasts. Generally, prior research has identified two factors, or styles—intuitive and analytic—that account for significant variance in how individuals reach solutions to complex numerical and logical problems. Though sometimes named differently across research programs, an intuitive style is a tendency to use instincts, experiential knowledge, and intuition to solve problems, where an analytic style is a tendency to apply formal logic, methods of inquiry and theory to confront problems. Within a large research sample, factor analytic techniques define finer distinctions among these styles. In particular, we find distinctions within the analytical style, such tha...
The Early History of Arthroplasty of the Wrist: From amputation to total wrist implant

During the past 3 decades implant arthroplasty of the destroyed wrist has become a reliable and satisfying procedure. However, the first total wrist replacement was performed in Berlin as early as 1890. This paper describes the history of resection and interposition arthroplasty of the wrist leading to the first total wrist implant arthroplasty performed by Themistocles Gluck. An overview of recent designs is given, and the relevant historical cases are reported.
C2 Region-derived Peptides Inhibit Translocation and Function of β Protein Kinase C in Vivo

RACK1 is a protein kinase C (PKC)-binding protein that fulfills the criteria previously established for a receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK). If binding of PKC to RACK anchors the activated enzyme near its protein substrates, then inhibition of this binding should inhibit translocation and function of the enzyme in vivo. Here, we have identified such inhibitors that mimic the RACK1-binding site on beta PKC. We first found that a C2-containing fragment, but not a C1-containing fragment of beta PKC, bound to RACK1 and inhibited subsequent beta PKC binding. The RACK1-binding site was further mapped; peptides beta C2-1 (beta PKC(209-216), beta C2-2 (beta PKC(186-198)), and beta C2-4 (beta PKC(218-226), but not a number of control peptides, bound to RACK1 and inhibited the C2 fragment binding to RACK1. Peptides beta C2-1, beta C2-2, and beta C2-4 specifically inhibited phorbol ester-induced translocation of the C2-containing isozymes in cardiac myocytes and insulin-induced beta PKC translocation and function in Xenopus oocytes. Therefore, peptides corresponding to amino acids 186-198, and 209-226 within the C2 region of the beta PKC are specific inhibitors for functions mediated by beta PKC.
Rising Life Expectancy: A Global History

Between 1800 and 2000 life expectancy at birth rose from about 30 years to a global average of 67 years, and to more than 75 years in favored countries. This dramatic change, called the health transition, is characterized by a transition both in how long people expected to live, and how they expected to die. The most common age at death jumped from infancy to old age. Most people lived to know their children as adults, and most children became acquainted with their grandparents. Whereas earlier people died chiefly from infectious diseases with a short course, by later decades they died from chronic diseases, often with a protracted course. The ranks of people living in their most economically productive years filled out, and the old became commonplace figures everywhere. Rising Life Expectancy: A Global History examines the way humans reduced risks to their survival, both regionally and globally, to promote world population growth and population aging.
Game theory and water resources

Summary Managing water resources systems usually involves conflicts. Behaviors of stakeholders, who might be willing to contribute to improvements and reach a win–win situation, sometimes result in worse conditions for all parties. Game theory can identify and interpret the behaviors of parties to water resource problems and describe how interactions of different parties who give priority to their own objectives, rather than system’s objective, result in a system’s evolution. Outcomes predicted by game theory often differ from results suggested by optimization methods which assume all parties are willing to act towards the best system-wide outcome. This study reviews applicability of game theory to water resources management and conflict resolution through a series of non-cooperative water resource games. The paper illustrates the dynamic structure of water resource problems and the importance of considering the game’s evolution path while studying such problems.
Effects on Children's Achievement and Curiosity of Variations in Learner Control over an Interactive Video Lesson

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of variations in learner control on children's level of curiosity and learning from computer-based interactive video (CBIV). The content was presented as a videodisc visit to an art museum and contained both facts and concepts. A posttest-only control group design was employed with 101 first-and second-grade subjects randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions—Program Control, Learner Control, Learner Control with Advisement—or a control group. The dependent variables were achievement and three measures of curiosity. Children in the Learner Control with Advisement group scored significantly higher on the achievement posttest than the Learner Control subjects or control group. No differences were found between the Program Control and either of the Learner Control groups. For the curiosity measures, the Learner Control with Advisement subjects scored significantly higher than the control group on Content Exploration, and the subjects in the control group scored significantly higher than those in the Program Control group on Persistence.
Censorship in the Japanese arts Introduction

This special issue came about as the result of discussion following a panel on Japanese censorship at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Association for Asian Studies conference, as always an excellent venu...
Maternal glucose response to betamethasone administration.

Objective This study aims to describe the pattern of maternal glucose response to betamethasone administration using a continuous glucose monitoring system. Study Design A prospective observational trial was conducted among women receiving clinically indicated betamethasone between 24 and 34 weeks gestation. At the time of initial betamethasone administration, a continuous glucose monitoring device was inserted which measured interstitial fluid glucose levels every 5 minutes. Glucose levels were monitored for 7 days, until delivery, or until hospital discharge, whichever came first. We recorded the percentage of time women spent above three glucose thresholds: 110, 144, and 180 mg/dL, respectively. Results A total of 17 women were enrolled at the time of betamethasone administration and data were available for 15 patients. There were 11 nondiabetic and 4 diabetic women. Both diabetic and nondiabetic women had the highest recorded blood glucose readings between 24 and 48 hours after the first injection of betamethasone. In that period, nondiabetic women spent 73, 40, and 17% of the time with blood glucose levels above the 110, 144, and 180 mg/dL thresholds, respectively. Conclusion Nondiabetic women receiving betamethasone manifest significant hyperglycemia after betamethasone administration. If delivery is imminent, maternal glucose response to betamethasone may need to be monitored to prevent possible neonatal hypoglycemia.
Screening of polar components of petroleum products by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

The polar components of fuels may enable differentiation between fuel types or commercial fuel sources. Screening for these components in the hydrocarbon product is difficult due to their very low concentrations in such a complex matrix. Various commercial fuels from several sources were analyzed by flow injection analysis/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry without extensive sample preparation, separation, or chromatography. This technique enabled screening for unique polar components at very low concentrations in commercial hydrocarbon products. This analysis was then applied to hydrocarbon samples collected from the subsurface with a different extent of biodegradation or weathering. Although the alkane and isoprenoid portion had begun to biodegrade or weather, the polar components had changed little over time. Because these polar compounds are unique in different fuels, this screening technique can provide source information on hydrocarbons released into the environment.
Evaluation of the use of reach transmissivity to quantify exchange between groundwater and surface water

Abstract A method to quantify the exchange of water between surface water channels and the groundwater aquifer based on the concept of reach transmissivity was evaluated for use under transient conditions and incorporated into a numerical model. This method provides significant benefits relative to the common existing method of calculating leakage, which assumes flow of water through a discrete, low permeability layer at the bed of the surface water channel. The reach transmissivity leakage relationship employs input parameters that are more commonly available from published sources, which reduces the effort required for model calibration; also, the calibrated values of the reach transmissivity relationship input parameters are less dependent on model grid spacing. Furthermore, the reach transmissivity relationship allows calculation of flow to each side of the surface water channel, rather than calculating only the net exchange between the surface water and groundwater systems. The reach transmissivity leakage relationship is based on the assumption of steady state conditions; a method was developed to estimate the error associated with its use to simulate transient conditions. The reach transmissivity relationship was further evaluated through its use in analytical and numerical models to simulate conditions in a field study area.
G.P.276

Mutations in FKRP, critical for normal glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan, result in clinically heterogeneous muscular dystrophy. Purpose: Describe the clinical phenotype and progression in a cohort of patients with FKRP mutations who were followed with annual standardized assessments. Methods: IRB approval was obtained. Subjects are enrolled in an ongoing Dystroglycanopathy natural history study. The current report includes all patients with FKRP mutations. Data collection included MMT, myometry, timed function tests, mutation analysis and historical information. Forty-three participants, ages 1–51years, have been followed for p
Reliability of a New Instrument to Measure Scapular Position

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an objective method to measure scapular position as it relates to the frontal, sagittal and transverse reference planes of the human body. Contemporary shoulder rehabilitation programs place great emphasis on the role of the scapula in the treatment of shoulder pathology. While clinicians employ many treatment techniques aimed at improving scapular function, a literature review reveals that clinicians lack objective measurement techniques to measure scapular position. A Scapular Measurement Instrument (SMI) was used to objectify scapular position. Eleven subjects, who reported no current history of shoulder pain or pathology, were included in the study. Testers obtained measurements of scapulae position with respect to the frontal, sagittal, and transverse planes of the body. Inferior angle scapular measurements (IAM) and spine of the scapula measurements (SM) were taken. Two test positions were used. Position 1 was termed the “rest position” and involved s...
Close Versus Decisive Victory Moderates the Effect of Testosterone Change on Competitive Decisions and Task Enjoyment

Prior research found that testosterone change after defeat predicted the decision to compete against the same opponent, but testosterone change after victory was unrelated to competitive behavior. The present research tested whether testosterone responses have differential effects on competitive decision-making depending on whether an individual either barely or decisively won a competition. Seventy-one undergraduate males provided an afternoon saliva sample and then participated in a laboratory cognitive contest in which they were randomly assigned to experience a relatively close or decisive victory against a male confederate. Participants provided a second saliva sample after the competition and then chose whether to: (a) compete against the same opponent, (b) compete against a new opponent, or (c) complete an alternative non-competitive task. Participants also reported how much they enjoyed the competitive task. Testosterone change and the propensity to compete were positively related after a decisive victory, but were negatively related after a close victory. These effects were driven by the decision to compete against a new opponent. In fact, very few participants chose to compete against the same opponent. Testosterone change after a decisive victory was also positively associated with participants’ self-reported enjoyment of the competitive task. Together, these results provide new evidence that a close versus decisive victory moderates the effect of testosterone change on future competitive behavior, an effect that may be linked to changes in reward processing systems.
Teacher Candidates’ Perceptions of Debriefing Circles to Facilitate Self-Reflection During a Cultural Immersion Experience

This study followed 9 teacher candidates through a 3-week cultural immersion experience in which they volunteered in educational settings where they were not members of the majority culture. This learning experience was designed to help candidates better understand their culturally, ethnically, and linguistically diverse future students. A qualitative design with an ethnographic approach was used to explore the use of debriefing circles, based on Parker Palmer’s clearness committee structure. Debriefing circles were examined as a tool to facilitate self-reflection as a scaffold toward culturally responsive teaching. Candidate perceptions of the strengths and weaknesses of the debriefing-circle discussion framework are analyzed.
A synthetic TRM induction curve for fine particles generated from domain observations

A synthetic thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) induction curve is produced from domain observations of an ensemble of pseudosingle domain (PSD) titanomagnetite particles in oceanic basalts. The observations were made after the samples were given a TRM in fields of 0.1, 2, 4, 6, and 8mT. An observation was also made of the domain state for saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (IRMs). The number and maximum size of grains which remain in a metastable single domain (SD) state increases with increasing field. This in turn gives rise to a field dependence of the total moment carried by such particles in the ensemble. By observing the number of metastable SD grains and estimating their volume one can construct a TRM induction curve. This curve approximates the known TRM induction curve for fine particles, demonstrating that the magnitude of TRM in fine particles of titanomagnetites is controlled by nucleation. This nucleation model also explains why weak field TRM is more stable against alternating field (AF) demagnetization than IRMs.
Increases in Levels of Collagen Types I and IV Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Murine Kidneys after Treatment with Ciclosporin

We investigated changes in the levels of mRNA transcripts encoding types I and IV collagen in the kidney following the administration of ciclosporin (CS) in mice. Daily doses of CS increased the levels of mRNAs encoding collagen types I and IV in whole kidneys harvested 4 weeks after treatment. At this time point, neither a reduction of renal function detected by serum creatinine, nor histologic evidence of interstitial damage were present. Elevated levels of serum creatinine as well as mild interstitial changes did develop, however, 12 weeks after daily treatment with CS. Collagen type I transcripts were almost normal after 12 weeks, whereas levels of type IV mRNA were still elevated. Our findings indicate that increases in transcripts encoding collagens precede a deterioration in renal function and the development of interstitial changes in this murine model of chronic CS nephrotoxicity.
Demonstration of a PDMS based hybrid grating and Fresnel lens (G-Fresnel) device

A hybrid device that we term G-Fresnel (i.e., grating and Fresnel) is demonstrated. It fuses the functions of a grating and a Fresnel lens into a single device. We have fabricated the G-Fresnel device by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based soft lithography. Three-dimensional surface profilometry has been performed to examine the device quality. We have also conducted optical characterizations to confirm its dual focusing and dispersing properties. The G-Fresnel can be useful for the development of miniature optical spectrometers as well as emerging optofluidic applications.
Periodic-orbit spectra of hydrogen and helium

The semiclassical expression for the spectral density (Gutzwiller{close_quote}s trace formula) can be viewed as a Fourier expansion in terms of classical (quasi)periodic orbits. The inverse Fourier transform of the full quantum spectral density therefore not only gives the periodic orbit spectrum in the semiclassical limit, but may also provide a tool to characterize the quantum spectrum. We investigate the scaled energy Fourier transform spectrum of the hydrogen atom and doubly excited states of helium. For exactly solvable hydrogenic Rydberg spectra we study the {open_quote}{open_quote}window{close_quote}{close_quote} effect due to the finite length of the spectrum, the influence of resonance width, and of quantum defects. In helium a large number of periodic orbits including previously unknown orbits can be identified. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Using micro-structural surface features to enhance the convective flow boiling heat transfer of R-134a on aluminum

Abstract The convective flow boiling performance of R-134a on various micro-structured aluminum surfaces produced using advanced manufacturing techniques is examined. More specifically, the boiling heat transfer coefficient of R-134a on a bare aluminum surface and three micro-structurally enhanced surfaces is calculated and compared to currently available, commercially enhanced tubes. Two of these enhanced surfaces were produced using photolithography and reactive ion etching techniques, and the third surface was produced by means of laser-ablation. Experiments were performed for mass fluxes between 100 and 600 kg/m 2 s and for heat fluxes between 5 and 30 kW/m 2 . Excellent agreement with published correlations was observed during initial benchmarking on the baseline surface. The boiling heat transfer coefficients on Surfaces 2 and 3 (produced by reactive ion etching) were only modestly higher than the baseline surface; whereas, the heat transfer coefficients on Surface 4 were as much as 90–100% higher than the baseline surface which was attributed to the porous layer of sintered aluminum particles formed on top of the surface during the laser ablation process. This increase in boiling heat transfer performance was then further enhanced through the application of a hydrophobic coating to the surface. The laser ablation technique presented in this paper has broad applicability to metals other than aluminum, and its ability to produce complex micro-structural surface geometries is of special interest in advanced flow boiling and high heat flux applications where current heat transfer surface designs are often costly to fabricate.
The Metabolic Clearance Rate and Uterine Metabolism and Retention of Progesterone and 20α-Hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one during the Secretion of Uteroglobin in Ovariectomized, Steroid-Treated Rabbits

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and in vivo uterine metabolism and retention of progesterone (P) and 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20α-OHP) during the uterine synthesis of uteroglobin in the rabbit have been studied. Oophorectomized rabbits with the uteri ligated received daily im injections of oil vehicle (C), 2 mg P/kg BW, or 2 μg estradiol/kg BW. The MCR of [14C]P and [3H]20α-OHP did not differ among treatment groups and was 260 ± 30 and 270 ± 33(SE) liters/day, respectively. Although the uterine tissue to arterial blood ratio of [14C]P differed between groups (E > C > P), the tissue to blood ratio of 20α-OHP was the same for the three groups and was about 1. The uterine extraction of P was 32 ± 6.2(SE)% and was the same for the three treatment groups. The uterine extraction of 20α-OHP was significantly increased by estrogen treatment [33.4 ± 6.0(SE)%] compared to the control [14.8 ± 3.3(SE)%] or P [16.9 ± 4.5(SE)%] groups. These studies indicate that the ability of exogenous 20α-OHP to stimulate ute...
Comparison of Soil-Test Extractants for Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, and Iron in Louisiana Soils

Abstract Soils of different geographic regions affect efficiencies of individual soil-test extractants. Recent effort on nutrient-management programs across the United States has promoted establishment of conversion equations between different soil-test extractants for evaluating nutrients in similar soils. This study was carried out to compare soil-extractable phosphorus (P) by strong Bray (Bray 2), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) by 1 M ammonium acetate (pH 7.0), and zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) by DTPA-TEA at pH 7.3 with those extracted by Mehlich 3 on 317 soil samples collected from all parishes of Louisiana. Mehlich 3-extractable P correlated (R 2 = 0.709, P > 0.01) with that extracted by Bray 2 but was, on average, about half of that by Bray 2. Soils with pH > 6.5 or with finer textures tended to yield larger differences between the two extractants for P. Mehlich 3 extractable cations were highly correlated with those of ammonium acetate (R 2 ≥ 0.923, P ...
Cross-linguistic studies of directionality in first language acquisition: the Japanese data--a response to O'Grady, Suzuki-Wei & Cho 1986.

Elsewhere we have argued on the basis of cross linguistic studies of directionality effects on anaphora in child language, that there is no universal ‘forward directionality preference (FDP)’; rather such a preference is linked to languages with specific grammatical properties. Although such a preference has been attested in English acquisition, matched experimental designs in Japanese, Chinese and Sinhalese, for example, do not show this effect. In this paper we argue that current attempts to show that forward directionality effects can also be induced in Japanese acquisition do not succeed in supporting the FDP. Specifics of the design of stimulus sentences in these experiments vary previous cross-linguistic designs so as to favour forward directionality on independent grounds, and confound cross linguistic comparisons. They in fact support a universal structure dependence in children's hypotheses about directionality of anaphora’.
Non-mutagenic genotoxicants: Novobiocin and nalidixic acid, 2 inhibitors of DNA gyrase

The antimicrobial agents nalidixic acid and novobiocin, both inhibitors of DNA gyrase, preferentially inhibit the growth of DNA repair-deficient Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis. On the other hand, these agents exhibit no demonstrable mutagenicity for S. typhimurium and E. coli even when tested under conditions designed to take the metabolic properties of these agents into consideration. Novobiocin and nalidixic acid are widely used in animal and human medicine and further studies to assess their genetic and carcinogenic potentials appear to be in order.
Combined effect of cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity on mortality in patients with coronary artery disease.

Background High cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index (BMI) are associated with decreased mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Our objective was to determine the joint impact of fitness and adiposity measures on all-cause mortality in this subgroup. Methods Coronary artery disease patients (n = 855) enrolled in the Mayo Clinic cardiac rehabilitation program from 1993 to 2007 were included. Fitness levels were determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Patients were divided into low and high fitness by sex-specific median values of peak oxygen consumption and total treadmill time. Adiposity was measured through BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Results There were 159 deaths during 9.7 ± 3.6 years of mean follow-up. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, low fitness, shorter treadmill time, low BMI, and high WHR were significantly associated with increased mortality. Using low WHR–high fitness group as reference, significantly increased mortality was noted in low WHR–low fitness (hazard ratio 4.2, 95% CI, 1.8-9.8), centrally obese–high fitness (2.3, 1.0-5.4), and centrally obese–low fitness (6.1, 2.7-13.6) groups. Overweight–high fitness (2.2, 0.63-7.4), obese–high fitness (3.2, 0.88-11.4), and obese–low fitness (3.3, 0.96-11.4) subjects did not have a significantly different mortality as compared with the reference group of normal weight–high fitness subjects, whereas normal weight–low fitness (9.6, 2.9-31.8) and overweight–low fitness (6.8, 2.1-22.2) groups had significantly increased mortality. Conclusions Low fitness and central obesity were independently and cumulatively associated with increased mortality in coronary artery disease patients attending cardiac rehabilitation. The association of BMI with mortality is complex and altered by fitness levels.
Observation of a "quantum eraser": A revival of coherence in a two-photon interference experiment.

We have observed an effect known as a quantum eraser, using a setup similar to one previously employed to demonstrate a violation of Bell's inequalities. In this effect, an interfering system is first rendered incoherent by making the alternate Feynman paths which contribute to the overall process distinguishable; with our apparatus this is achieved by placing a half wave plate in one arm of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer so as to rotate the polarization of the light in that arm by 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. This adds information to the system, in that polarization is a new parameter which serves to label the path of a given photon, even after a recombining beam splitter. The quantum ``eraser'' removes this information from the state vector, after the output port of the interferometer, but in time to cause interference effects to reappear upon coincidence detection. For this purpose, we use two polarizers in front of our detectors. We present experimental results showing how the degree of erasure (which determines the visibility of the interference) depends on the relative orientation of the polarizers, along with theoretical curves. In addition, we show how this procedure may do more than merely erase, in that the act of ``pasting together'' two previously distinguishable paths can introduce a new relative phase between them.
A comparative diagnostic study of head and neck nodal metastases using positron emission tomography

A prospective study was conducted to compare the accuracy of clinical examination, computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET) in identifying head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to cervical lymph nodes. The findings in the necks of 49 patients evaluated by clinical examination and CT were compared to the findings in the same necks by PET, a newly available metabolic imaging modality. Pathology specimens were available for 45 of the necks. The findings of PET and CT correlated in 84% of cases. In the cases that did not correlate, CT proved correct in four of five cases. PET (82%) and CT (84%) were comparable and were both better than clinical examination (71%) in correctly identifying the presence or absence of metastatic disease.
Arthrodesis of the Equine Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Biomechanical Comparison of Two 7‐Hole 3.5‐mm Broad and Two 5‐hole 4.5‐mm Narrow Dynamic Compression Plates

Objective— To compare the biomechanical characteristics and mode of failure of two different dynamic compression plate (DCP) techniques for proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) arthrodesis in horses. Study Design— Randomized block-design blocking on horse (1–5), method of fixation (two 7-hole, 3.5-mm broad DCP vs two 5-hole, 4.5-mm narrow DCP), side (left, right), and end (front, hind). Constructs were loaded to failure in 3-point bending in a dorsal-to-palmar (plantar) direction. Sample Population— Ten paired limbs from 5 equine cadavers. Methods— Two 7-hole, 3.5-mm broad dynamic compression plates (bDCP) were used in 1 limb of a pair, and two 5-hole 4.5-mm narrow dynamic compression plates (nDCP) were used on the contralateral limb. Plates were positioned abaxially across the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspect of the PIPJ. Arthrodesis constructs were loaded (19 mm/s) in 3-point bending in a dorsal-to-palmar (plantar) direction using a materials-testing machine. Composite stiffness, yield point, and maximal bending moment at failure were obtained from bending moment—angular deformation curves. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, χ2 analysis, and Fisher's exact tests; the power of the test was calculated when differences were not significant. Results— There were no significant differences in composite stiffness (P > .05; power = 0.8 @δ= 21.9%), yield point (P > .05; power = 0.8 @δ= 34.4%), or maximal bending moment (P > .05; power = 0.8 @δ= 17.8%) between the two fixation techniques. For bDCP constructs, 11% (15 of 140) of the 3.5-mm screws were damaged; 7 of the screw heads pulled through plates where the plates bent, 1 screw head broke off, and 7 screws were bent or pulled out of the phalanx. For nDCP constructs, 8% (8 of 100) of the 4.5-mm screws were damaged; 1 screw head pulled through a plate, 1 screw head broke off, and 6 screws were bent or pulled out of the phalanx. Conclusions— There were no biomechanical or failure differences between bDCP and nDCP fixation of the PIPJ in horses when evaluated in single-cycle 3-point bending to failure. Clinical Relevance— There is no biomechanical advantage to the use of two 7-hole, 3.5-mm bDCP in equine proximal interphalangeal arthrodesis compared with two 5-hole, 4.5-mm nDCP. Two 5-hole, 4.5-mm nDCP may be easier to place, whereas two 7-hole, 3.5-mm bDCP may provide more versatility in fracture repair.
Retinoic acid receptor alpha gene expression in the rat testis: potential role during the prophase of meiosis and in the transition from round to elongating spermatids

Mutational studies have identified retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) as having an essential role in spermatogenesis. The objective of this study was to determine which cells express RAR alpha within the normal rat testis by conducting in situ analyses for mRNA and protein. Characterization of RAR alpha expression revealed the time and location of the vitamin A requirement during spermatogenesis. In situ hybridization analysis of testis from adult rats showed the highest level of transcripts occurring in round spermatids at stage VIII of the spermatogenic cycle. Analysis in the developing testes revealed that the mRNA level was high from 10 to 15 days of age, both in Sertoli cells and in germ cells, and then declined in 20-day-old rats. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical studies on adult testis demonstrated that the protein was present in the nucleus of the elongating spermatids (stages IX-XI) but not in elongated spermatids. The protein was also expressed in germ cells in the prophase of meiosis and at very low levels in Sertoli cells. These results suggest a role for RAR alpha during meiosis, at the transition from round to elongating spermatids, and in Sertoli cells of developing testis.
RESTRICTED DIFFUSION IN BINARY SOLUTIONS

Diffusion coefficients of binary solutions can be measured accurately by observation at long times of isothermal diffusion in a vertical cell closed at the ends (restricted diffusion). The present analysis, which accounts for the effects of solvent flux and variable solution properties, demonstrates that the experiment yields a well-defined, differential diffusion coefficient, even in concentrated solutions. Observation is effected by Rayleigh interference optics, and results for aqueous potassium chloride solutions confirm the accuracy of the method.
Cariporide given during resuscitation promotes return of electrically stable and mechanically competent cardiac activity.

Abstract Episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and myocardial dysfunction commonly occur after cardiac resuscitation compromising the return of stable circulation. We investigated in a pig model of VF whether limiting Na + -induced cytosolic Ca 2+ overload using the sarcolemmal sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1) inhibitor cariporide promotes resuscitation with stable circulation. Methods VF was electrically induced in 20 male pigs and left untreated for 6 min after which CPR was initiated and continued for 8 min before attempting defibrillation. Pigs were randomized to receive 3-mg/kg cariporide ( n = 10) or 0.9%-NaCl ( n = 10) before chest compression. Results Seven of 10 pigs in each group were successfully resuscitated and survived 2 h. Cariporide ameliorated post-resuscitation ventricular ectopic activity such that fewer singlets (5 ± 5 vs. 26 ± 21; p p p = 0.073). During the initial 60 min cariporide-treated pigs had higher, cardiac index (6.1 ± 0.7 vs. 4.4 ± 1.1 L/min/m 2 ; p 2 ; p p = 0.054). Conclusion Cariporide administered at the start of chest compression may help restore electrically and mechanically stable circulation after resuscitation from cardiac arrest.
Racial geographies and the challenges of day labor formalization: a case study from San Diego County

Recent debates surrounding immigration in the United States have brought renewed attention to day laborers. In their search for employment, day laborers temporarily occupy public and quasi-public spaces. The visibility of day labor and the appearance of day labor hiring sites raise new questions about public space and its ‘proper’ use. The establishment of a new day labor hiring site often creates a locational conflict. Creating formal spaces for day labor congregation is the current ‘best-solution’ for controlling day labor and eliminating community conflict that often surrounds informal day labor hiring sites. Drawing on an ethnographic research project at a formal day workers’ center in San Diego County, the paper shows how the effectiveness of formalization efforts is highly dependent on the particular geographies of day labor in a neighborhood. Our overall argument is that racial categories and processes of racialization that are part of the geographies of day labor impact the effectiveness of formal...
ANTENNA IMPEDANCE IN A PLASMA: PROBLEMS RELEVANT TO RADIO ASTRONOMY MEASUREMENTS FROM SPACE VEHICLES

Antenna impedance behavior in plasma, related to radio astronomy, emphasizing electrically small antennas used in space vehicles
Current Challenges for the Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: Brain Imaging and CSF Studies

The development of prevention therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) would greatly benefit from biomarkers that are sensitive to the subtle brain changes that occur in the preclinical stage of the disease. Reductions in the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc), a measure of neuronal function, have proven to be a promising tool in the early diagnosis of AD. In vivo brain 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging demonstrates consistent and progressive CMRglc reductions in AD patients, the extent and topography of which correlate with symptom severity. There is increasing evidence that hypometabolism appears during the preclinical stages of AD and can predict decline years before the onset of symptoms. This review will give an overview of FDG-PET results in individuals at risk for developing dementia, including: presymptomatic individuals carrying mutations responsible for early-onset familial AD; patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), often a prodrome to late-onset sporadic AD; non-demented carriers of the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon4 allele, a strong genetic risk factor for late-onset AD; cognitively normal subjects with a family history of AD; subjects with subjective memory complaints; and normal elderly followed longitudinally until they expressed the clinical symptoms and received post-mortem confirmation of AD. Finally, we will discuss the potential to combine different PET tracers and CSF markers of pathology to improve the early detection of AD.
Enhanced aqueous solubility of long wavelength voltage-sensitive dyes by covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol

Long wavelength voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) called Pittsburgh (PGH) dyes were recently synthesized by coupling various heterocyclic groups to a styryl-thiophene intermediate forming extended, partially rigid chromophores. Unlike most styryl VSDs, dyes with a sulfonic acid anchor directly attached to the chromophore showed no solvatochromic absorption shifts. The limited water solubility of many long wavelength VSDs requires the use of surfactants to transport the dye through physiological saline solutions and effectively label biological membranes. Here, we tested the chemical substitution of the sulfonic acid moiety with polyethyleneglycol (PEG) chains, ranging from MW 750 to 5000, to overcome the poor solubility of VSDs while retaining their properties as VSDs. The chemical synthesis of PGH dyes and their PEG derivatives are described. The PEG derivatives were soluble in aqueous solutions (>1 mM) and still reported membrane potential changes. In frog and mouse hearts, the voltage sensitivity (ΔF/F per action potential) and spectral properties of PEG dyes were the same as the sulfonated analogues. Thus, the solubility of VSDs can be considerably improved with small polyethyleneglycol chains and can provide an effective approach to improve staining of excitable tissues and optical recordings of membrane potential.
Extraction of Non-hierarchical Relations from Domain Texts

Ontology of a domain mainly consists of concepts, hierarchical relations, and non-hierarchical relations. Even though there exists a variety of methods for extracting concepts and hierarchical relations, very little concentration is on identification and labeling of non-hierarchical relations. In this paper, we present an unsupervised technique for the identification of non-hierarchical relations between the concepts using VF*ICF metric and log-likelihood ratios. The proposed approach is experimented with the electronic voting domain texts and is also compared with one of the existing approaches
Voices of foster parents of Sudanese refugee youths: Affirmations and insights

Foster parents of Sudanese refugee adolescents were both gratified and frustrated by their desires to nurture, successfully parent, and socially interact and experience cultural differences with the youths. These parents coped with challenges with the help of God, family, peers and self-talk. Commitment to their wards typically was lifelong.
Tocolysis in women with preterm labor between 32 0/7 and 34 6/7 weeks of gestation: a randomized controlled pilot study.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) followed by oral nifidepine tocolysis in women with preterm labor between 32 0/7 and 34 6/7 weeks' gestation reduces neonatal hospital stay. Study design Fifty-four women between 32 0/7 and 34 6/7 weeks with preterm labor were randomized to receive either MgSO4 and oral nifidepine (n = 24) or no tocolysis (n = 30). All women received betamethasone and prophylactic antibiotics. The primary outcome was total neonatal hospital stay. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Mann Whitney U test. Results The 2 groups had similar mean cervical dilation and gestational age at enrollment. There were no statistically significant differences in total neonatal hospital stay (5.8 ± 7.2 days; median of 3 days in the no tocolysis vs. 7.5 ± 8.6 days; median of 3 days in the tocolysis group), rate of preterm delivery (57% vs. 75%) or need for oxygen supplementation (7% vs. 21%, p Conclusion Tocolysis after 32 weeks gestation does not reduce neonatal hospital stay.