cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forming the Central Framework for a Science of Marital Quality: An Interpretive Alternative to Marital Satisfaction as a Proxy for Marital Quality

The central framework for contemporary marital science was formed in the 1930s and centers on the uncritical acceptance of the primacy of method over theory in the pursuit of disengaged, amoral knowledge claims. This pursuit results in the unexamined commitment to an ontology of an essentialist and atomistic self and marriage as a self-defining relation. An interpretive alternative based in the work of Charles Taylor understands marital actors as self-interpreting agents for whom the question of the quality of their marriage is unavoidable and constitutive of their marital relations. Only by taking up the question of marital quality directly, in ways consonant with lived marital relations, can marital scholars adequately theorize the empirical reality of contemporary marital relations.
Effect of ozonated water sanitization on gasket materials used in fluid food processing

Abstract Standard-molded, one piece O-ring food processing plant gaskets (1.5 in or 36.1 mm diameter) made of seven different substances (Buna N, white Buna N, EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), polyethylene, silicone rubber, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene or Teflon) and steam-resistant Viton) were treated with chlorine sanitizer or ozonated water. After treatment, only very slight differences were noted visually between control and treated gaskets. Measurements indicated that ozone treatment affected the tensile strength of EPDM and Viton, but not significantly more than chlorine treatment. The tensile strengths of other gasket materials were not significantly affected by ozone treatment. The elasticity of ozone-treated PTFE gaskets was significantly different from chlorine-treated PTFE gaskets. Other gasket materials were not significantly affected by ozone treatment.
Pressure and Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Properties and Phase Transitions of the Antiferroelectric Perovskites: PbZr O 3 and PbHf O 3

Hydrostatic-pressure measurements have shown that in PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ the antiferroelectric (AFE)-paraelectric (PE) transition temperature ${T}_{a}$ increases ($\frac{d{T}_{a}}{\mathrm{dP}}=4.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}/\mathrm{kbar}$) whereas the extrapolated Curie-Weiss temperature ${T}_{0}$ decreases $\frac{d{T}_{0}}{\mathrm{dP}}=\ensuremath{-}16.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}/\mathrm{kbar}$ with increasing pressure. Interpreted in terms of the lattice dynamics, the results give the first experimental evidence that there are two independent low-frequency temperature-dependent lattice vibrational modes in PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$: a ferroelectric (FE) mode which determines the large polarizability and the Curie-Weiss behavior of the static dielectric constant in the paraelectric phase, and an AFE mode (probably a coupled mode) which causes the AFE transition. On cooling, the crystal becomes unstable against the AFE mode at ${T}_{a}$ just before the instability due to the FE mode is reached at ${T}_{0}$. Pressure increases the frequency of the FE mode but decreases ("softens") that of the AFE mode, and consequently, the static-dielectric-constant anomaly at the transition decreases sharply. The behavior of PbHf${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is qualitatively similar to that of PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, but is complicated by the presence of two AFE phases at 1 bar. A third AFE phase becomes stable at high pressure. All the AFE transition temperatures increase with pressure, corresponding to the softening of their respective AFE modes. A brief discussion of the nature of the AFE mode in PbZr${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is given.
An automatic method for determining the mixing depth from lidar observations

Abstract Lidar observations of the atmosphere reveal layers having different concentrations of aerosols. A computer method has been developed to analyze digital records of lidar backscatter in a manner that reveals the presence and heights of significant aerosol layers and the depth of the mixed layer. Boundaries between layers are represented by vertical gradients in the backscatter data. To compute the mixing depth, the backscatter gradients for a given time period (e.g. 10 min) are treated in a two-dimensional height-time array. Positive gradients and negative gradients are organized into groups that are contiguous in space and time. Then an algorithm selects one group as representing the mixing depth, on the basis of the height of each group and the strength of the gradients. Mixing depths determined automatically from the lidar records agreed with subjective estimates of mixing depth (based on data from lidar, radiosondes, and helicopter temperature soundings) 91% of the time for data collected in St. Louis, Missouri during the RAPS program of July and August, 1976. A slightly altered version of the automatic method, applied to lidar observations from the October 1977 AMBIENS experiment in Indiana, was 97% accurate. Real-time application of the method is believed to be feasible.
Training and Generalized Production of wh- and NP-Movement Structures in Agrammatic Aphasia

The present research examines production of "complex" sentences, which involve movement of noun phrases (NPs), in 2 agrammatic aphasic subjects. According to linguistic theory (Chomsky, 1991, 1993), such sentences are derived using one of two movement operations, either wh- or NP-movement, subsumed under the general rule "move alpha." In this experiment recovery of both wh- and NP-movement derived sentences was investigated using a treatment research paradigm. Subjects were sequentially trained to produce either wh-movement (i.e., who questions, object clefts) or NP-movement (i.e., passives, subject-raising structures) derived sentences. Throughout training, generalization to untrained sentences relying on both types of movement was tested. The influence of training on aspects of narrative discourse also was examined. Results showed generalization patterns constrained to type of movement: Training wh-movement structures resulted in generalized production of untrained wh-movement structures without influen...
Effect of temperature on extracellular accumulation of β-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase in I-cell disease fibroblast cultures

Abstract The activities of most lysosomal enzymes are elevated in the culture fluid of skin fibroblasts derived from patients with I-cell disease with a corresponding reduction in the intracellular activities when the cells are cultured at 37°C. When I-cell fibroblast cultures are incubated at 27°C for 8–24 hr, the β-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) activity accumulated in the culture fluid is reduced to approximately 25% of the activity in 37°C control cultures without a corresponding change in intracellular activity. No significant effect of temperature is observed on the intra- and extracellular distribution of β-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase in non-I-cell fibroblast cultures. These findings suggest the existence of two lysosomal enzyme pools in I-cell fibroblasts, one of which is temperature-dependent and destined for excretion while the other remains intracellular and appears to be unaffected by temperature.
Analyses of Thinopyrum bessarabicum, T. elongatum, and T. junceum chromosomes using EST-SSR markers

Wild Thinopyrum grasses are important gene pools for forage and cereal crops. Knowledge of their chromosome organizations is pivotal for efficient utilization of this important gene pool in germplasm enhancement programs. Expressed sequence tags derived simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers for Thinopyrum bessarabicum, T. elongatum, and T. junceum chromosomes were identified among amplicons produced from three series of wheat-Thinopyrum addition lines using 193 primer pairs designed from the Leymus EST unigenes. The homology of T. junceum chromosomes in 13 wheat addition lines was tentatively established to reveal that homologous groups 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 were represented by HD3515, HD3505, AJDAj11, AJDAj1, and HD3508, whereas groups 1 and 2 were represented by AJADj7-AJDAj9 and AJDAj2-AJDAj4, respectively. AJDAj5 and AJDAj6 had complexly reconstituted T. junceum chromosomes that might have resulted from fusion or translocations of large chromosomal segments from two or more chromosomes, that is (1+5) and (2+5+1), respectively. The identified EST-SSR markers will be useful in comparative gene mapping, chromosome tracing, taxonomic studies, gene introgression, and cultivar identification.
Humanizing the Desegregated Classroom.

(1978). Humanizing the desegregated classroom. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 17, Desegregation: Problems and Practices, pp. 157-165.
APOBEC-1 complementation factor (ACF) forms RNA-dependent multimers

Limited proteolysis of APOBEC-1 complementation factor (ACF) and computational secondary structure modeling were used to guide the construction of a well-folded, truncation protein spanning residues 1-320 and containing three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs). ACF320 bound preferentially to apoB mRNA and supported APOBEC-1 dependent editing at 40% of the activity of full length ACF. Live cell FRET and immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ACF320 formed homomultimers in situ that were bridged by RNA. Our study predicted that the C to U editosome may be assembled on the mooring sequence of apoB mRNA as a dimer of ACF bound to a dimer of APOBEC-1.
Hemorrhage After Thrombolytic Therapy for Stroke: The Clinically Relevant Number Needed to Harm

Background and Purpose— A clinically relevant number needed to harm for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-related symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) would greatly assist therapeutic decision-making. Methods— A 15-variable prognostic model was derived from a placebo group enrolled in National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke tPA Trials 1 and 2 and used to predict final global disability outcome for patients with tPA-related SICH had they been treated with placebo, rather than tPA, and not experienced SICH. Results— Among 312 tPA-treated patients, 20 experienced SICH. Compared with placebo patients, patients treated with tPA who experienced SICH were older, had more severe stroke deficits, had higher serum glucose levels, and more often displayed mass effect on pretreatment imaging. Observed 3-month modified Rankin Scale outcomes among the patients experiencing SICH after tPA were: 0–5%, 1–5%, 4–10%, 5–5%, and 6–75%. Predicted outcomes had they been treated with placebo were: 0–2%, 1...
Why we gather: traditional gathering in native Northwest California and the future of bio-cultural sovereignty

The concept of bio-cultural sovereignty is drawn from Native American Studies scholar Stefano Varese who explores the daily forms of biological and cultural resistance and adaptation in South America. This article extends Varese’s notions by exploring biological and cultural resistance in Native California with a particular focus on the continuing cultural practice of gathering. This article provides a case study analysis of the Lyng v. Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Association (1988) Supreme Court case and uses traditional ecological knowledge to evaluate how bio-cultural sovereignty is affected by federal land management policies and Western constructions of ecology and the law. The methods are based in an interdisciplinary approach that embraces theoretical notions from linguistics, cultural anthropology, law, environmental justice, history, ecology, and Native American Studies. As a practitioner of traditional ecological knowledge, I offer an analysis of ecological gathering practices to argue that policies, procedures, methodologies, or experiments should be designed in a way that acknowledges the indigenous bio-cultural sovereignty of the land space. Tribes have enacted and continue to enact bio-cultural sovereignty, which solidifies their relationship with the land. Written policies can be used to protect Native interests and to develop a relationship between Native peoples and other agencies. Federal agencies can benefit from these partnerships as tribes can offer assistance to care for these land spaces, state agencies can alleviate potential funding issues for maintaining these areas, and researchers and academics can construct knowledge that incorporates traditional ecological practices to build solid, informed best practices.
Evolution of genetic variability in a spatially heterogeneous environment: effects of genotype-environment interaction.

Classical population genetic models show that disruptive selection in a spatially variable environment can maintain genetic variation. We present quantitative genetic models for the effects of disruptive selection between environments on the genetic covariance structure of a polygenic trait. Our models suggest that disruptive selection usually does not alter the equilibrium genetic variance, although transient changes are predicted. We view a quantitative character as a set of character states, each expressed in one environment. The genetic correlation between character states expressed in different environments strongly affects the evolution of the genetic variability. (1) If the genetic correlation between character states is not ± 1, then the mean phenotype expressed in each environment will eventually attain the optimum value for that environment; this is the evolution of phenotypic plasticity (Via & Lande, 1985). At the joint phenotypic optimum, there is no disruptive selection between environments and thus no increase in the equilibrium genetic variability over that maintained by a balance between mutation and stabilizing selection within each environment. (2) If, however, the genetic correlation between character states is ± 1, the mean phenotype will not evolve to the joint phenotypic optimum and a persistent force of disruptive selection between environments will increase the equilibrium genetic variance. (3) Numerical analyses of the dynamic equations indicate that the mean phenotype can usually be perturbed several phenotypic standard deviations from the optimum without producing transient changes of more than a few per cent in the genetic variances or correlations. It may thus be reasonable to assume a roughly constant covariance structure during phenotypic evolution unless genetic correlations among character states are extremely high or populations are frequently perturbed. (4) Transient changes in the genetic correlations between character states resulting from disruptive selection act to constrain the evolution of the mean phenotype rather than to facilitate it.
Documentation meets version control: an automated backup system for HTML-based help

Software developers have used version control systems for years, to manage source code changes and to enable them to reproduce any given level of their software from the source code that created it. Most writing departments, however, tend to perform full-scale weekly backups at best or tempt fate by not performing any backups at worst. The two major reasons for this neglect of document version control are lack of adequate tools and the effort required by writers to deal with the inadequate tools presently available. This paper describes a tool I developed at IBM, the Automated Backup Manager (ABM), which attempts to connect the writer's documentation to a true source version control system, without reducing writer productivity.
Prostate cancer with a normal PSA: small cell carcinoma of the prostate--a rare entity.

Pure small cell carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare. When it does occur, it is usually in concordance with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Early diagnosis is difficult as the carcinoma tends to spread early to visceral organs without concordant elevation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Because
Renal magnification by EGF.

A paper recently published by Groenestege and colleagues [8] used positional cloning to determine the cause of a rare inherited magnesium-wasting syndrome, autosomal recessive renal hypomagnesemia. The results showed that certain mutations in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene cause this disease. This suggests, perhaps surprisingly, that EGF and its receptor comprise a previously unrecognized signaling pathway in the human kidney that participates importantly in magnesium homeostasis. The EGF gene is highly expressed along the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), an important site for regulating urinary magnesium excretion. The product of the gene is a large membrane-bound molecule, expressed at both the apical and basolateral surfaces. A portion of the extracellular domain can be cleaved to form the 53-amino-acid hormone, EGF; it is believed that cleavage occurs preferentially at the basolateral surface, leading to increased apparent EGF abundance at the apical membrane. In the DCT, EGF binds to receptors at the basolateral surface, making basolateral EGF expression a necessary prerequisite for signaling. The gene defect that causes autosomal recessive renal hypomagnesemia appears to disrupt trafficking of pro-EGF to the basolateral membrane, thereby impeding its signaling capability. The results also showed that EGF stimulates magnesium transport by TRPM6 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 6), a channel that is expressed at the apical membrane of DCT cells and appears to be a primary path for apical magnesium entry. Interestingly, the investigators also corroborated previous reports that cancer patients treated with an antagonist of the EGF receptor, cetuximab, develop renal magnesium wasting and hypomagnesemia, emphasizing the significance of EGF in maintaining magnesium balance in humans.
Bridges between Cell Cycle Regulation and Self-Renewal Maintenance

Stem cells are a unique population that lies at the summit of any, or at least most, biological systems. They can differentiate in a variety of mature cell types, but they also have the ability to self-renew, that is, the capacity to divide and retain all the features of the mother cell. The regulation of self-renewal has been studied for many years, but several aspects of this regulation are still vague. The combined decision to divide and self-renew or differentiate suggests that the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal and cell cycle activity are intermingled. While inactivation of many cell cycle regulators impacts the physiological and pathological biology of stem cells, the exact mechanisms that link the decision to enter the cell cycle and the choice of the cellular fate are poorly understood. The multiplicity of signals and pathways regulating self-renewal add to the complexity of the phenomenon. Here, I will review the described links between the cell cycle and self-renewal and discuss the role of the niche in the regulation of both mechanisms.
Organic aerosol formation from the reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) onto non-acidified inorganic seeds

Abstract. The reactive partitioning of cis and trans β-IEPOX was investigated on hydrated inorganic seed particles, without the addition of acids. No organic aerosol (OA) formation was observed on dry ammonium sulfate (AS); however, prompt and efficient OA growth was observed for the cis and trans β-IEPOX on AS seeds at liquid water contents of 40–75% of the total particle mass. OA formation from IEPOX is a kinetically limited process, thus the OA growth continues if there is a reservoir of gas-phase IEPOX. There appears to be no differences, within error, in the OA growth or composition attributable to the cis / trans isomeric structures. Reactive uptake of IEPOX onto hydrated AS seeds with added base (NaOH) also produced high OA loadings, suggesting the pH dependence for OA formation from IEPOX is weak for AS particles. No OA formation, after particle drying, was observed on seed particles where Na+ was substituted for NH4+. The Henry's Law partitioning of IEPOX was measured on NaCl particles (ionic strength ~9 M) to be 3 × 107 M atm−1 (−50 / +100%). A small quantity of OA was produced when NH4+ was present in the particles, but the chloride (Cl-) anion was substituted for sulfate (SO42-), possibly suggesting differences in nucleophilic strength of the anions. Online time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry and offline filter analysis provide evidence of oxygenated hydrocarbons, organosulfates, and amines in the particle organic composition. The results are consistent with weak correlations between IEPOX-derived OA and particle acidity or liquid water observed in field studies, as the chemical system is nucleophile-limited and not limited in water or catalyst activity.
High-resolution functional photoacoustic tomography

All-optical imaging has high contrast but poor spatial resolution beyond the ballistic and quasiballistic regimes. All-ultrasonic imaging has high spatial resolution but poor contrast for early stage tumors. Photoacoustic tomography combines the high optical contrast and the high ultrasonic resolution. Our work in this emerging area of research will be summarized in this invited talk. In this technology, a diffraction-based inverse-source problem is solved in the image reconstruction, for which our group developed the rigorous reconstruction theory. We developed a prototype and accomplished noninvasive transdermal and transcranial functional imaging of small-animal brains in vivo.
Microscale measurements reveal contrasting effects of photosynthesis and epiphytes on frictional drag on the surfaces of filamentous algae

SUMMARY 1. Filamentous algae are widespread in freshwater ecosystems worldwide with a significant presence in streams, rivers and lakes with sufficient light and nutrients. Although typically not a preferred food source for grazers, dense filamentous mats provide surfaces for epiphytic microorganisms that are more palatable, thus adding to stream productivity. 2. We tested the hypothesis that epiphytes change velocity gradients, and consequently shear stress and skin friction drag, near the surface of algal filaments. Using both digital holography and particle image velocimetry to measure micrometre-scale velocity fields, we found that the surface shear stress on filamentous algae was much greater when the algae were actively photosynthesising. The presence of attached diatoms significantly reduced surface shear stress, while those filaments were photosynthesising, compared with bare filaments. 3. A nutrient flux model, based on boundary layer thickness and surface shear stress, predicts that nutrient flux to the surface of a photosynthesising filament under measured flow conditions will be 1.5 times greater than for a preserved (i.e. dead) filament. Modelled nutrient flux to filaments with epiphytic assemblages dominated by diatoms is 75% of the flux to bare filaments under similar flow conditions. 4. The proposed positive feedback between photosynthesis, surface shear stress and nutrient flux could be an important biophysical mechanism that overcomes diffusion limited nutrient supply within dense algal mats, enhancing algal survival through increased nutrient flux to actively photosynthesising filaments and decreased sloughing risk for filaments with lower rates of photosynthesis (due to epiphyte coverage or other light-limiting factors).
Scaling up text classification for large file systems

We combine the speed and scalability of information retrieval with the generally superior classification accuracy offered by machine learning, yielding a two-phase text classifier that can scale to very large document corpora. We investigate the effect of different methods of formulating the query from the training set, as well as varying the query size. In empirical tests on the Reuters RCV1 corpus of 806,000 documents, we find runtime was easily reduced by a factor of 27x, with a somewhat surprising gain in F-measure compared with traditional text classification.
Radial First: Paradox+Proficiency=Opportunity

> I would want the radial approach by an experienced person .–Dr Robert M. Califf, MD Vice Chancellor for Clinical and Translational Research, Director of the Duke Translational Medicine Institute, Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, when asked about his
Eliciting truthful answers to multiple-choice questions

Motivated by the prevalence of online questionnaires in electronic commerce, and of multiple-choice questions in such questionnaires, we consider the problem of eliciting truthful answers to multiple-choice questions from a knowledgeable respondent. Specifically, each question is a statement regarding an uncertain future event, and is multiple-choice -- the responder must select exactly one of the given answers. The principal offers a payment, whose amount is a function of the answer selected and the true outcome (which the principal will eventually observe). This problem significantly generalizes recent work on truthful elicitation of distribution properties, which itself generalized a long line of work in elicitation of complete distributions. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of payments that induce truthful answers, and give a characterization of those payments. We also study in greater details the common case of questions with ordinal answers, and illustrate our results with several examples of practical interest.
Determining Effective Impervious Area for Urban Hydrologic Modeling

This paper presents a two-step process to estimate the fraction of an urban watershed covered by a hydraulically effective impervious area. The first step applies maximum likelihood classification of fine-scale multispectral satellite imagery to derive urban land cover. The second step uses an automated macro in a geographic information system to trace the water flow path from pixels classified as impervious and subclassify them as noneffective or effective. The two steps were verified independently, with verification of the second step using idealized data. The two-step process was then tested with a small watershed study of model calibration and rooftop connectivity impact on runoff. At the watershed scale the land cover classification differences were approximately 6%, while at the pixel scale matches of 50, 60, and 83% were achieved for the rooftop, asphalt/concrete, and vegetation land covers, respectively. The effective impervious area was estimated to comprise 16% of the watershed surface, which wa...
A Sociocultural Perspective on Acculturation: Latino Immigrant Families Negotiating Diverse Discipline Practices

This article conceptualizes acculturation from a sociocultural theoretical framework. Drawing on data from a 2-year ethnographic study of immigrant families, specifically their beliefs and practices related to discipline, the authors show that acculturation is a complex, dynamic, and interactive process that cannot be easily measured through typical acculturation scales. Indeed, this study shows that families actively choose and negotiate the U.S. practices they adopt and that children are active agents in this process.
Deterrence and Foreign Policy

The article by Christopher Achen and Duncan Snidal in this issue, however provocative some of its observations, has the merit of raising an important question: How should we think about the relationship between deductive theories of deterrence on the one hand and, on the other, research on deterrence that is at the same time empirical and oriented toward theory? While forcefully defending the deductive form of theory, Achen and Snidal also clearly dissociate themselves from the extreme position that it is a self-contained enterprise that need not take empirical research seriously. Rather, they recognize that empirical case studies are capable of contributing, and, indeed, have to some extent already contributed, to the development of theory, perhaps even to the kind of deductive theory they favor.
Richness and Diversity of Oak Savanna in Northwestern Ohio: Proximity to Possible Sources of Propagules

Prior to Euro-American settlement of the Oak Openings in northwestern Ohio, the proportion of oak savanna, woodland and forest in upland sites likely varied, with open canopies developing during dry periods of higher fire frequency and denser canopies developing during wet periods of lower fire frequency. Wet prairie and oak barrens, which persisted in the landscape because of spring flooding, likely contained savanna species and, therefore, may have been sources of propagules of savanna species that colonized areas of newly opened canopy. We used regression analysis to test the hypothesis that the richness and diversity of savanna species in the herb layer of present-day savanna are related to the proximity of former wet prairie and oak barrens. Results were statistically significant for richness but generally not for diversity. This suggests that wet prairie and oak barrens may have acted as refugia and therefore as sources of propagules for savanna species during temporal shifts in the proportions of oak savanna, woodland and forest, but relative species abundances likely were determined more by local environment.
Embeddedness, Social Identity and Mobility: Why Firms Leave NASDAQ and Join NYSE

This paper examines why US firms listing on the NASDAQ national market chose to re-list on the New York Stock Exchange from 1987-1994. Using a survival model of contagion and controlling for factors found to influential in prior work, we find that "defectors" from NASDAQ to NYSE started a chain migration process among the firms with which they shared directors. This effect was strongest among firms that had pre-existing director ties to NYSE firms and weakest among firms with prior ties to other NASDAQ firms. The results suggest that board interlocks provide a medium for social contagion in corporate governance.
Weighing the Value of a Ton of Pollution

The United States’ experimentation with emissions trading in the 1990s was an important first step in controlling air pollution while maximizing benefits from emissions that do occur. However, trading programs to date suffer a serious flaw: they treat all traded emissions of equal volume the same regardless of where they occur, instead of recognizing that emissions in a sparsely populated, pristine area likely have much lower social harm than the same volume of emissions in a heavily populated area with poor air quality. This paper summarizes the authors’ efforts to develop a more sophisticated emissions trading regime that addresses this shortcoming.
Oxodene: Longevity of Honey Bees

Oxodene® (chlorine dioxide) at concentrations of 10 or 100 ppm in 50% sucrose solution significantly increased the longevity of caged worker A pis mellifera L., but higher concentrations reduced longevity. Bees that were fed 10,000 ppm chlorine dioxide defecated excessively and died within 1 week. Compared with untreated bees there was no significant difference in consumption of food (sucrose solution) or water.
Incorporating Organophosphate Alternative Insecticides Into Codling Moth Management Programs in Washington Apple Orchards

Azinphos-methyl (AZM) has been the most used insecticide in apple production in the United States since the late 1960s, primarily as a control for the key pest of apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.), codling moth ( Cydia pomonella L.). A decision by the EPA to phase out AZM by 2012 signals the end of this product's use by tree fruit growers. In recent years, many new insecticides have been registered to replace AZM. These new insecticides have unique modes of action, but growers will need to change their traditional management practices to achieve the level of control they were accustomed to with AZM. Field trials were conducted from 2004 to 2008 to explore new application timings and strategies that incorporated insecticides with different modes of action and targeted life stages. It was apparent that new insecticides could not provide fruit protection superior to protection provided with AZM. However, strategies were developed that in many cases allowed equivalent control to the level of control experienced with a codling moth program based on AZM. The most successful strategies employed insecticides that targeted both eggs (ovicides) and larvae (larvicides). An insect growth regulator (ovicide) applied at the start of the oviposition period followed by two larvicide applications that targeted the peak egg hatch period provided fruit protection equivalent to the protection given by AZM applied twice.
Analysis on tested results of antiseptic & sweeting agent in four types of foods

Objective:To find out the usage condition of antiseptic and sweeting agent in the food.Methods:Randomly take 427 samples from the four type foods at the regular hygiene supervision work,and test them according to the test methods stipulated by the state.Results:The total qualification rate 86.42%(369/427).Of which: milk beverage 89.09%(98/110),juice beverage 90.52(105/116),glazed fruit 83.00%(83/100),pickle82.18%(83/101).The unqualified items mainly are saccharin sodium,benzoic acid,sorbic acid,and sodium cyclamate.Conclusion:We should enhance hygiene supervision force,increase the training to enterprise and other methods to improve hygiene quality.
Diagenesis and Porosity Evolution in the Changxing Formation in Tongnanba Area,Northeast of Sichuan

The changing formation in tongnanba area,northeast of Sichuan basin has experienced 4 evolutionary stages,namely penecontemporaneous diagenatic stage,shallow burial early diagenetic stage,moderate burial anadiagenetic stage,deep burial late diagenatic stage.The major types of diagenesis include cementation,compaction,pressure solution,recrystallization,dolomitization,dissolution and tectonism,in which the dolomitization and dissolution are the major contributors to the improvement of poroperm characteristics of the reservoirs in deep burial diagenetic stage.In correspondence with the complicated diagenis,the porosity evolution also experienced 3 major evolutionary stages:the destroying of primary pores,formation of secondary pores and destruction of secondary pores.
Endometriosis Patients with Infertility Treatment Analysis of 341 Cases of Pregnancy Cases

Objective To explore the laparoscopy combined with medical treatment of endometriosis with infertility clinical value.Methods from 2005 to 2009 our hospital endometriosis 341 cases of infertility were randomly divided into three groups and given different methods of treatment and compared their clinical efficacy.Results A group、B group and control group Ⅰ、Ⅱ of endometriosis patients with infertility treatment outcome in patients compared to both(P0.05).A group Ⅲ、Ⅳ of endometriosis patients with infertility treatment outcome in patients with the B group and control group(χ2=13.31、12.84),both P0.05 statistically significant difference.Conclusion Combined laparoscopic treatment is the treatment of triptorelin acetate phase Ⅲ、Ⅳ of endometriosis infertile patients the best.
Initial experience of continuous subarachnoid diamorphine infusion for postoperative pain relief.

The quality of analgesia and incidence of side effects when using a continuous subarachnoid infusion of diamorphine were assessed in 28 postoperative patients who had undergone major abdominal or lower limb surgery. Excellent pain relief was obtained without depression of the respiratory rate. Four patients complained of headache, and 50% of those patients not already catheterized peroperatively subsequently required it for urinary retention. There was no evidence of sepsis related to the indwelling subarachnoid catheter.
Aberrant Glycosylation of Anchor-Optimized MUC1 Peptides Can Enhance Antigen Binding Affinity and Reverse Tolerance to Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Cancer vaccines have often failed to live up to their promise, although recent results with checkpoint inhibitors are reviving hopes that they will soon fulfill their promise. Although mutation-specific vaccines are under development, there is still high interest in an off-the-shelf vaccine to a ubiquitous antigen, such as MUC1, which is aberrantly expressed on most solid and many hematological tumors, including more than 90% of breast carcinomas. Clinical trials for MUC1 have shown variable success, likely because of immunological tolerance to a self-antigen and to poor immunogenicity of tandem repeat peptides. We hypothesized that MUC1 peptides could be optimized, relying on heteroclitic optimizations of potential anchor amino acids with and without tumor-specific glycosylation of the peptides. We have identified novel MUC1 class I peptides that bind to HLA-A*0201 molecules with significantly higher affinity and function than the native MUC1 peptides. These peptides elicited CTLs from normal donors, as well as breast cancer patients, which were highly effective in killing MUC1-expressing MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Each peptide elicited lytic responses in greater than 6/8 of normal individuals and 3/3 breast cancer patients. The CTLs generated against the glycosylated-anchor modified peptides cross reacted with the native MUC1 peptide, STAPPVHNV, suggesting these analog peptides may offer substantial improvement in the design of epitope-based vaccines.
A short college course in the spirit of the CS principles project

This paper describes a curricular initiative adapting the Computer Science Principles Project [2,3] to a half-semester CS0 class. Using exposure to the Big Ideas [2], we measured students initial and final attitudes and understanding of the material through a pre- and post-survey as well as small group interview.
Delamination and fracture

Any material that transmits mechanical load from one place to another is susceptible to fracture. This susceptibility is enhanced if the geometry of the object includes reentrant corners, internal defects or other geometrical variations which serve as sites of stress concentration . At these sites, the local stress can be much larger than the nominal stress, which is loosely defined as the average stress transmitted at a cross-sectional area. As a consequence of stress concentration, the local stress can exceed the strength of the material and fracture ensues, even though the nominal stress is well below the fracture strength. Mechanical interactions between a thin film and a substrate to which it is bonded were the focus of discussion in the preceding chapters. These interactions, when occurring in the absence of any failure or delamination processes, are manifested in a number of ways: the constraint of the substrate prevents the film from relaxing its internal stress, and the film–substrate system accommodates the internal stress by in-plane stretch or contraction, substrate curvature and/or plastic yielding of the film. However, when edge effects are neglected, the traction exerted by the film and substrate material on each other across the film–substrate interface is zero everywhere. If this is the case, how do the film and substrate interact?
Selective Oxidation of 1,2-Propanediol in Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membrane Electrocatalytic Flow Reactors: Experimental and DFT Investigations

Electrocatalytic oxidation of polyhydric alcohols represents an important route for coproduction of biorenewable chemicals and energy. However, the governing factors leading to high product selectivity remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the selective oxidation of 1,2-propanediol (PDO) to pyruvate or lactate in electrocatalytic reactors over carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) and gold (Au/C) anode catalysts. PDO-fed alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cells successfully cogenerated electricity and valuable chemicals with peak power densities of 46.3 mW cm–2 on Pt/C and 10.0 mW cm–2 on Au/C. Pt/C was highly selective for primary alcohol group oxidation to lactate (86.8%) under fuel cell conditions, but Au/C yielded significant amounts of pyruvate, a product that has previously eluded heterogeneous catalytic studies on Au. Sequential oxidation of lactate to pyruvate was not observed on Au/C but did occur slowly on Pt/C. The electrode potential dependent product distribution was investigated, and it was r...
A Critique of Career Discourse Practices

The social constructionist lens was conceived originally by philosophers to heal the split between personal experience and the social world, a split that can be traced to the influence of Descartes on Western thought (Rorty, 1999). This lens has been very influential in the social sciences. It opens our eyes to the diverse ways in which our experience, our individual subjectivity, is shaped and co-constructed by the social worlds that we inhabit.
Intermodulation crosstalk from silicon microring modulators in wavelength-parallel photonic networks-on-chip

We experimentally characterize the intermodulation crosstalk incurred by wavelength-parallel optical signals using a silicon microring resonator electro-optic modulator. We measure corresponding bit-error-rates and record eye diagrams, observing signal integrity degradation for varying wavelength channel spacing.
Aspects of RNA and protein synthesis in imaginal discs of Drosophila melanogaster.

1. Imaginal discs, preparatively isolated from third instar larvae, are capable of synthesizing r-RNA, t-RNA and a heterogeneous nuclear RNA which is labile in the presence of actinomycin D (half-life=1.5 hrs.) and has a GC composition similar to that of Drosophila DNA. 2. A small proportion of protein synthesis in discs (5–10%) is stable in the presence of actinomycin D. The stability of synthesis is presumably due either to the presence of a highly stable class of m-RNA in discs or to a progressive stabilization of all m-RNAs which occurs during treatment with the antibiotic. 3. Some heterogeneity in the half-lives of m-RNAs in discs does exist although the differences in half-lives may be relatively small.
Play fairway analysis of geothermal resources across the state of Hawaii: 2. Resource probability mapping

Abstract We develop a new geostatistical method to combine evidence provided by diverse geological data sets and produce maps of geothermal resource probability. The application is to the State of Hawaii, and the data sets include the locations and ages of mapped volcanic centers, gravity and magnetotelluric measurements, groundwater temperature and geochemistry, ground surface deformation, seismicity, water table elevation, and groundwater recharge. Using the basic principles of Bayesian statistics, these data and expert knowledge about the effects and importance of the data are used to compute the probabilities of the primary resource qualities of elevated subsurface heat, reservoir permeability, and reservoir fluid content. The product of these marginal probabilities estimates the joint probability of all three qualities and hence the probability of a successful geothermal prospect at each map point. An analogous set of algorithms is used to quantify the confidence in the probability at each point. Not surprisingly, we find that successful geothermal prospects are most probable on the active volcanoes of Hawaii Island, including the area of Hawaii’s single geothermal energy plant. Probability decreases primarily with shield volcano age, being relatively moderate in select locations on Maui and Lanai, relatively low on Oahu, and minimal on Kauai. Future exploration efforts should consider these results as well as the practical, societal, and economic conditions that influence development viability. The difficulties of interisland power transmission mean that even areas with moderate to low probabilities are worth investigating on islands with population centers.
Probing equilibrium of molecular and deprotonated water on TiO2(110)

Understanding adsorbed water and its dissociation to surface hydroxyls on oxide surfaces is key to unraveling many physical and chemical processes, yet the barrier for its deprotonation has never been measured. In this study, we present direct evidence for water dissociation equilibrium on rutile-TiO2(110) by combining supersonic molecular beam, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and ab initio molecular dynamics. We measure the deprotonation/protonation barriers of 0.36 eV and find that molecularly bound water is preferred over the surface-bound hydroxyls by only 0.035 eV. We demonstrate that long-range electrostatic fields emanating from the oxide lead to steering and reorientation of the molecules approaching the surface, activating the O–H bonds and inducing deprotonation. The developed methodology for studying metastable reaction intermediates prepared with a high-energy molecular beam in the STM can be readily extended to other systems to clarify a wide range of important bond activation processes.
Mercury removal by some soils of Japan from aquatic environment.

This study investigates the efficiency of six types of soil, upper, lower and shell fossil layer of shirasu soils of Kagoshima; tuff soil of Shimane; Akadama and Kanuma soils of Tochigi, Japan in removing Hg from aquatic phase by analyzing the morphological and chemical properties. Morphological and chemical characterization of each soil was executed by SEM-EDS analysis as well as Hg removal study was performed by batch operation mode. SEM-EDS characteristics revealed soils particles predominantly constituted of SiO2 (21.8–78.5%), Al2O3 (4.1 – 38%) and FeO (0.8 – 7.7%) in all soil types excepting tuff soil where CaO showed highest percentage (65.3%). Organic matter and CuO were exclusively observed in Kanuma and Akadama soils. A critical appraisal of total Hg removal (36.4 – 48.15 μg/L) data clearly revealed that though maximum Hg removal efficiencies were observed in Kanuma (0.27μg/L/g/h) and Akadama (0.26 μg/L/g/h) soils, but former one was superior. Obtained results also demonstrated Hg removal of soils is potentiality governed by higher percentage Al2O3 lower percentage SiO2, CuO and organic matter content of soils. Therefore, it may be concluded that Kanuma and Akadama soils can be used as a low-cost potential Hg adsorbing agent for treating the Hg contaminated effluents in order to reclaim the aquatic environment.
Should estimates of glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance be indexed to body surface area for drug dosing

Creatinine is an endogenous waste product resulting from the breakdown of creatine phosphate, a compound largely stored in skeletal muscle. The amount and rate of creatinine excretion (mg per 24 hours) are related to muscle mass; in fact, these measures have been used to estimate muscle mass.[1][1
Indications for urethrectomy in an era of continent urinary diversion.

AbstractInterest in performing a continent urinary diversion and in preserving sexual potency after radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has emphasized the need to identify accurately those men who are at high risk for urethral recurrences. We reviewed the records of 200 men who underwent radical cystectomy between 1969 and 1976. In 76 men urethrectomy and cystectomy were combined. Of these patients 6 had known urethral tumors and the incidence of unsuspected urethral malignancy was 2.9%. A total of 124 men had initial cystectomy only and were monitored up to 16 years (mean 67 months). Of these patients 6 (4.8%) underwent subsequent urethrectomy for malignant disease 6 to 40 months (median 23.5 months) after cystoprostatectomy. This group included 1 of 69 patients (1.5%) who presented with a solitary tumor not encroaching on the bladder neck, 1 of 22 (4.5%) with either carcinoma in situ or multifocal tumors not involving the prostate and none of the 9 with tumor at the bladder...