cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of homeostasis of circadian periodicity in the golden hamster

1. The proposition that there is a general homeostasis of the period (τ) of circadian rhythms implies that if one agent is used to lengthenτ the effectiveness of a second agent in lengtheningτ should be reduced thereby (Pittendrigh and Caldarola, 1973). We tested this proposition by treating hamsters with 5% D2O in both constant dark (DD) and constant light (LL). 2. Although baselineτ's differed considerably between the two conditions and among hamsters within either condition, the absolute and % changes inτ induced by consumption of D2O were similar for both conditions. There was no indication that D2O produced a smaller increase inτ in hamsters expressing longerτ's. 3. The limited effect of light intensity changes onτ is probably mediated by a mechanism that depends on differential effects of light on coupled populations of oscillators. D2O apparently does not influence oscillators differentially, and thereby escapes this homeostatic mechanism (Daan and Pittendrigh, 1976). 4. There is some evidence for the existence of another mechanism that may limit the influence of D2O. This evidence suggests that the phenomenon of a “general” homeostasis ofτ may represent the action of several independent mechanisms that operate in parallel.
Transfer efficiency and depth invariance in computational cameras

Recent advances in computational cameras achieve extension of depth of field by modulating the aperture of an imaging system, either spatially or temporally. They are, however, accompanied by loss of image detail, the chief cause of which is low and/or depth-varying frequency response of such systems. In this paper, we examine the tradeoff between achieving depth invariance and maintaining high transfer efficiency by providing a mathematical framework for analyzing the transfer function of these computational cameras. Using this framework, we prove mathematical bounds on the efficacy of the tradeoff. These bounds lead to observations on the fundamental limitations of computational cameras. In particular, we show that some existing designs are already near-optimal in our metrics.
Tying the pieces together: A normative framework for integrating sales and project operations

Abstract Synchronizing sales efforts with project operations, such that (1) there is a steady flow of work that can be completed in a non-chaotic project environment, (2) resources maintain high utilization, and (3) desired deliverables reach customers within the promised lead-time, is extremely difficult. This paper proposes a normative approach to uniting the sales process with project operations capacity by coordinating movement of potential customers through the sales funnel with the company's internal project capacity. It also addresses contingencies with respect to company throughput as a result of changes in managing the market, the sales funnel, and project operations, while taking into consideration variation in scheduling as well as in managing project task and duration uncertainty.
Long wave ultraviolet radiation stimulates arachidonic acid release and cyclooxygenase activity in mammalian cells in culture.

Abstract— Human fibroblasts and mouse C3H 10T1/2 cells in culture were prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid and exposed to UVA radiation. Cells released labeled arachidonate metabolites into medium in a dose-dependent fashion (5–20 J ctrr2). The time course of release appeared biphasic with peak responses occurring immediately and at 2 h post irradiation. Release of radiolabel was oxygen and calcium ion dependent and was inhibited by the addition of phenylglyoxal. indomethacin, and dibucaine to the medium. High performance liquid chromatographic examination of medium extracts revealed UVA stimulation of cyclooxygenase metabolism of [3Hjarachidonic acid and specifically, prostaglandin E2 production by cells in culture. Furthermore, UVA stimulated a dose-dependent release of membrane incorporated pH]choline from cells in culture. Paper chromatographic analysis of the medium provided evidence that choline release from the membrane was predominantly accompanied by release of phosphorylcholine with some glycerophosphorylcholine suggesting indirectly that the major pathway for UVA-stimulated arachidonic acid release was via phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase enzyme systems.
Experimental investigation of nonlinearities of ship responses in head waves

Abstract The present study focuses on building a systematic approach to identify, from experimental results, the nonlinearity in the dynamic system of a high-speed ship. The experimental program consists of tests in both regular and irregular head waves, and the measured quantities included wave elevation, vertical motions, and hull pressures. By contrasting these results to the quasi-linear behaviors of heave motion, the nonlinear behaviors of pressure are highlighted and presented. Three nonlinear assessments, the probability density function, and the variance spectra are provided. Based on these investigations, we conclude that the pressures, particularly, at the ship’s bow contain more nonlinearities than just the heave motion. They are identified mainly by the large amplitude of the higher harmonics and also by the large asymmetry in the measured signals. Furthermore, the coherence spectrum obtained from the third-order orthogonal frequency-domain Volterra model provides information regarding the magnitude of each order at the corresponding frequency, which serves as a strategy to simplify a complex problem or to achieve a balance between regular and irregular waves. The overall results show that the higher-order components are significant for the pressure system and the outcome of the proposed model can offer constructive feedback, which can lead to more practical applications.
MODIFICATION OF PERSEVERATIVE RESPONDING THAT INCREASED EARNINGS BUT IMPEDED SKILL ACQUISITION IN A JOB-SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAM

Adults in a therapeutic workplace working on a computerized keyboarding training program earned vouchers for typing correct characters. Typing technique was evaluated on review steps. Participants could pass the review and earn a bonus, or skip the review and proceed with no bonus. Alternatively, participants could continue practicing on the same step. Participants persistently repeated the same step, which halted progress through the program but allowed them to increase their rate of responding and, as a result, their earnings. Blocking the initiation of practice on review steps and removing payment for practice initiated after prompts (extinction) both produced rapid progress through the program. These results underscore the importance of careful arrangement of the contingencies in adult education programs.
Hydrodynamic diffusion of suspended particles: a symposium

Hydrodynamic diffusion refers to the fluctuating motion of non-Brownian particles (or droplets or bubbles) in a dispersion, which occurs due to multiparticle interactions. For example, in a concentrated sheared suspension, particles do not move along streamlines but instead exhibit fluctuating motions as they tumble around each other (figure 1a). This leads to a net migration of particles down gradients in particle concentration and in shear rate, due to the higher frequency of encounters of a test particle with other particles on the side of the test particle which has higher concentration or shear rate. As another example, suspended particles subject to sedimentation or fluidization do not generally move relative to the fluid with a constant velocity, but instead experience diffusion-like fluctuations in velocity due to interactions with neighbouring particles and the resulting variation in the microstructure or configuration of the suspended particles (figure 1b). In flowing granular materials, the particles interact through direct collisions or contacts; these collisions also cause the particles to undergo fluctuating motions characteristic of diffusion processes. Although the existence and importance of hydrodynamic diffusion of particles have been embraced only in the past several years, the subject has already captured the attention of a growing number of researchers in several diverse fields (e.g. suspension mechanics, fluidization, materials processing, and granular flows).
Metal-based nanorods as molecule-specific contrast agents for reflectance imaging in 3D tissues.

Anisotropic metal-based nanomaterials have been proposed as potential contrast agents due to their strong surface plasmon resonance. We evaluated the contrast properties of gold, silver, and gold-silver hybrid nanorods for molecular imaging applications in three- dimensional biological samples. We used diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to predict the contrast properties of different types of nanorods embedded in biological model systems of increasing complexity. The predicted contrast properties were then validated using wide-field and high-resolution imaging. Results demonstrated that silver nanorods yield images with higher positive-contrast than gold nanorods; however, it is more difficult to synthesize silver nanorods which are homogeneous in shape and size. Gold-silver hybrid nanorods combine the homogeneous synthesis of gold nanorods with the higher scattering properties of silver nanorods. The spectroscopic and imaging results demonstrated that the image contrast properties that can be achieved with anisotropic nanomaterials depend strongly on the material composition, mode of imaging, presence of targeting molecules, and the biological environment. We also found that gold, silver, and gold-silver hybrid nanorods are stable and biocompatible sources of positive and absorptive contrast for use in reflectance molecular imaging and are promising for future clinical translation.
Daniel R. Schwarz. Imagining the Holocaust . New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. 353 pp.

If good scholarship is supposed to be disciplined, detached, and objective, the study of the Holocaust has taught us that mental, emotional, and physical reactions—even when experienced from a temporal and spatial distance, and consciously or not—condition our conceptualized or poetic responses to the Shoah. This unarticulated psychic involvement in our recent past is perhaps the place that generates intellectual, political, ideological, and imaginative expressions. Moreover, this location signifies the meeting point of ethics and aesthetics that makes any verbal or visual attempt to convey the unspeakable and unimaginable possible, while at the same time being the very site that causes the collapse of the boundaries between objective and subjective response. How can it be otherwise? The impact of this recognition is such that even general literary, cultural, and philosophic writing, mostly influenced by Holocaust studies, has begun to consider ethics as an analytic category. 1. See, for example, Howard Marchitello, ed. What Happens to History: The Renewal of Ethics in Contemporary Thought (New York and London: Routledge, 2001). Daniel Schwarz's Imagining the Holocaust is positioned at the core of this ethical-aesthetic matrix.
Technology impact analysis for 3D TCAM

In our previous work, 3D TCAMs were designed and evaluated with different 3D partitioning schemes showing that a 40% reduction in matchline interconnect capacitance, 21% power reduction, and 25% reduction in precharge time is achieved in TCAM memory array in 3-tier design based on MIT Lincoln Labs 3D IC process compared to a single-tier design [3]. In this paper, we expand the exploration of the 3D TCAM design in various 3D IC technologies to show how the variations of technology parameters impact the benefits of 3D IC on TCAM. The impact of technology parameters including the number of wafer stacks, 3D via size, metal extension for 3D via alignment, and 3D via deposition order is evaluated in terms of interconnect capacitance and resistance in 3D TCAM designs.
A contradictory GLABRA3 allele helps define gene interactions controlling trichome development in Arabidopsis.

Previously characterized Arabidopsis gl3 mutants have trichomes that are smaller, less branched and undergo fewer rounds of endoreplication than wild-type trichomes. A new gl3 mutant, called gl3-sst , has oddly shaped trichomes that over expand during early development, undergo more endoreduplication and that have a striking nuclear morphology. The mutant nuclei consist of many interconnected lobes; however, only a single set of polytene-like chromosomes reside in the mutant nuclei. The predicted gl3-sst polypeptide has a Leu to Phe substitution (codon 78) within a region responsible for protein-protein interaction. Yeast interaction assays comparing GL3 with gl3-sst proteins show that the mutant protein interaction with GL1 and TTG1 is decreased by 75% and 50%, respectively, but there is no difference in its interaction with TRY. Furthermore, TRY has the ability to prevent the GL1 GL3 interaction and the GL1 gl3-sst interaction is even more sensitive to TRY. Analysis of plants expressing functional GFP-tagged versions of GL1, GL3 and TRY show that the proteins are localized in trichome nuclei. These results have been used to model trichome initiation in terms of protein interactions and threshold levels of activator complex.
Mutagenicity of Acrylamide and Glycidamide in the Testes of Big Blue Mice

Acrylamide (AA) is an industrial chemical, a by-product of fried starchy foods, and a mutagen and rodent carcinogen. It can also cause damage during spermatogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether AA and its metabolite glycidamide (GA) induce mutagenic effects in the germ cells of male mice. Male Big Blue transgenic mice were administered 1.4 or 7.0mM of AA or GA in the drinking water for up to 4 weeks. Testicular cII mutant frequency (MF) was determined 3 weeks after the last treatment, and the types of the mutations in the cII gene were analyzed by DNA sequencing. The testes cII MFs in mice treated with either the low or high exposure concentrations of AA and GA were increased significantly. There was no significant difference in the cII MFs between AA and GA at the low exposure concentration. The mutation spectra in mice treated with AA (1.4mM) or GA (both 1.4 and 7.0mM) differed significantly from those of controls, but there were no significant differences in mutation patterns between AA and GA treatments. Comparison of the mutation spectra between testes and livers showed that the spectra differed significantly between the two tissues following treatment with AA or GA, whereas the mutation spectra in the two tissues from control mice were similar. These results suggest that AA possesses mutagenic effects on testes by virtue of its metabolism to GA, possibly targeting spermatogonial stem cells, but possibly via different pathways when compared mutations in liver.
Epidural Lysis of Adhesions

As our population ages and the rate of spine surgery continues to rise, the use epidural lysis of adhesions (LOA) has emerged as a popular treatment to treat spinal stenosis and failed back surgery syndrome. There is moderate evidence that percutaneous LOA is more effective than conventional ESI for both failed back surgery syndrome, spinal stenosis, and lumbar radiculopathy. For cervical HNP, cervical stenosis and mechanical pain not associated with nerve root involvement, the evidence is anecdotal. The benefits of LOA stem from a combination of factors to include the high volumes administered and the use of hypertonic saline. Hyaluronidase has been shown in most, but not all studies to improve treatment outcomes. Although infrequent, complications are more likely to occur after epidural LOA than after conventional epidural steroid injections.
Multilateral security a concept and examples for balanced security

security considers different and possibly conflicting security requirements of different parties and strives to balance these requirements. This paper introduces the concept of multilat- eral security giving some example problems and solutions. It fo- cuses on a personal reachability and security management system that was developed to overcome the caller ID conflict. The proto- type and its relation to multilateral security are described. Further, some major real world assessments of the prototype and the ex- periences gained are discussed. The paper concludes with a col- lection of technical design strategies for multilateral security that were considered important for the success of the project and some remarks on further challenges.
Bayesian active learning with localized priors for fast receptive field characterization

Active learning methods can dramatically improve the yield of neurophysiology experiments by adaptively selecting stimuli to probe a neuron's receptive field (RF). Bayesian active learning methods specify a posterior distribution over the RF given the data collected so far in the experiment, and select a stimulus on each time step that maximally reduces posterior uncertainty. However, existing methods tend to employ simple Gaussian priors over the RF and do not exploit uncertainty at the level of hyperparameters. Incorporating this uncertainty can substantially speed up active learning, particularly when RFs are smooth, sparse, or local in space and time. Here we describe a novel framework for active learning under hierarchical, conditionally Gaussian priors. Our algorithm uses sequential Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling ("particle filtering" with MCMC) to construct a mixture-of-Gaussians representation of the RF posterior, and selects optimal stimuli using an approximate infomax criterion. The core elements of this algorithm are parallelizable, making it computationally efficient for real-time experiments. We apply our algorithm to simulated and real neural data, and show that it can provide highly accurate receptive field estimates from very limited data, even with a small number of hyperparameter samples.
Graph Kernel-Based Learning for Gene Function Prediction from Gene Interaction Network

Prediction of gene functions is a major challenge to biologists in the post-genomic era. Interactions between genes and their products compose networks and can be used to infer gene functions. Most previous studies used heuristic approaches based on either local or global information of gene interaction networks to assign unknown gene functions. In this study, we propose a graph kernel-based method that can capture the structure of gene interaction networks to predict gene functions. We conducted an experimental study on a test-bed of P53-related genes. The experimental results demonstrated better performance for our proposed method as compared with baseline methods.
Antidepressant-associated mania in late life.

Background Elderly patients can present with mania for the first time late in life, and some elders treated with antidepressants can present with mania. Clinical characteristics of antidepressant-associated mania (AAM) in late life have not been examined. Objectives The aims of the study were to identify elders with AAM and to compare selected clinical characteristics to those of manic elders who had not been treated with an antidepressant. We hypothesized that AAM patients would have later age at presentation of bipolar disorder. Methods We retrospectively reviewed inpatients with manic disorder who were aged ≥60 years. The sample was selected from admissions prior to 1990. Results AAM patients (n = 11) were more often experiencing first manic episode, and they had later age at onset of first manic episode, compared to non-AAM patients (n = 46). Most of the AAM patients had been treated with tricyclic agents. Conclusions These preliminary findings invite further investigation. Related studies may contribute to risk-benefit analyses for the use of particular antidepressants in the elderly. Also, first episode mania in late life may prove to be a useful model of vulnerability to AAM. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Revision Strategy Instruction on the Writing Performance of Students with Learning Disabilities

The present study investigated the effects of instruction in two revision strategies on the paragraph writing of students with learning disabilities in Grades 6 through 8. The two experimental groups both received instruction in one strategy for revision of mechanics and one for content, but the order of instruction varied. Results suggest that revision instruction for both experimental groups improved scores on an analytic scale for mechanics, regardless of order of instruction, but improvement in content scores was not demonstrated.
Inflammation After Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Therapy for the Postpump Syndrome

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is used in most, but not all, complex heart operations. CPB is associated with a systemic inflammatory response in adults and children. Many materials-dependent (exposure of blood to non- physiologic surfaces and conditions) and materials-in dependent (surgical trauma, ischemia-perfusion to the organs, changes in body temperature, and release of endotoxin) factors during CPB have been implicated in the etiology of this complex response. The mechanisms involved may include complement activation, release of cytokines, leukocyte activation with expression of ad hesion molecules, and production of various vasoactive and immunoactive substances. Postpump inflamma tion may lead to postoperative complications and may result in respiratory failure, renal dysfunction, bleeding disorders, neurologic dysfunction, altered liver func tion, and ultimately multiple organ failure. Significant efforts are being made to decrease the generation and effects of postpump inflammation. Interventions...
Models of the Learner

Topics, including the topics of keynote addresses to learned societies, have a hermeneutic history. The hermeneutic history of a topic, we are cautioned, must be taken into account if we are fully to interpret its meaning. The topic of my paper, Models of the Learner, is no exception. It has such a history and has a proximal origin in a set of exchanges-first as a conversation and then as the topic of a more formal learned discussion. Let me set forth the beginning narrative of that hermeneutic circle (or spiral) and continue it in the discussion that follows. The setting was an international conference in
Women in Leadership: The Norwegian Example

The presence of Norwegian women in leadership roles is among the highest in the world, with women occupying public positions from the office of prime minister to cabinet positions and nearly 40% of...
The Harringtonian Moment

The publication of a full-scale modem edition of James Harrington's political writings' is an event of major importance both for seventeenth-century historical scholars and for students of political thought. Not many years ago Harrington could still be described as "a provocative minor writer," important more for the regular though often misdirected quarrying to which he had been subjected, than for the intrinsic significance of his ideas.2 That quarrying had of course been begun in earnest by R. H. Tawney, in his 1941 Raleigh Lecture, "Harrington's Interpretation of His Age," and in the celebrated article, "The Rise of the Gentry," which accompanied it.3 In the controversy which Tawney's essays engendered Harrington was mined assiduously to support both Tawney's own "rising gentry" thesis and Hugh Trevor-Roper's "declining gentry" alternative. Whichever side one took in this great, but happily now exhausted debate, it was clear that Harrington could be exploited to provide apparently useful insights into the social causes of the English Revolution. But whatever the historical value of those insights, they did not make Harrington a political thinker of more than incidental importance. The real credit for the rediscovery of Harrington as a theorist belongs to the editor of the volume here being reviewed. In 1957 Professor Pocock published a brilliant rebuttal of the then domi-
Helium in limestone and marble

The helium and uranium content of a number of specimens of marble, Iceland spar, and fossil shell of known age were determined. The sedimentary calcite specimens contained only a small fraction of the helium expected, indicating that most of the uranium is external to the lattice. The marbles, in contrast, conthined much more helium than was calculated from the age and the alpha activity. The helium and uranium content of a number of specimens of marble, Iceland spar, and fossil shell of known age were determined. The sedimentary calcite specitnens contained only a small fraction of the helium expected, indicating that most of the uranium is external to the lattice. The marbles, in contrast, contained much more helium than was calculated from the age and the alpha activity. This appears related to the gaseous inclusions in these materials. (auth)
Prevalence and influencing factors of arthritis in adults in Jilin province

Objective To investigate the current situation of arthritis and its influencing factors in the adults in Jilin province and to provide the basis for making effective intervention measures.Methods With multi-stage stratified cluster sampling,23 050people aged between 18and 79years were selected from nine states(a total of 32areas)of Jilin province and the data of these residents were collected with questionnaire and physical examinations by face-toface interview.The prevalence rate of arthritis in the adults was analyzed through complex weighted computation and the influence factors were analyzed through unconditional logistic regression.Results The prevalence rate by survey of arthritis in the adults in Jilin province was 7.0%,the 95% CI was 6.6%-7.3%.The prevalence rate of arthritis was increased with the age increasing.It was higher in rural area than urban area(P0.001),and the female was higher than the male(P0.001).Logistic regression analysis indicated that the relative risks(95% confidence interval)of rural,old age,female,the low level of meat products and family history of chronic diseases for arthritis were 1.291(1.120-1.486),22.230(6.864-72.002),1.752(1.487-2.064),1.251(1.0651.470),and 1.403(1.231-1.600),respectively.Conclusion The prevalence rate of arthritis in the adults in Jilin province is higher.It should be helpful to changing such status through enhancing health intervention among the rural residents,the female,the older and the person who has family history of chronic diseases.
Aiming and vaulting: Spider inspired leaping for jumping robots

Jumping spiders are capable of targeted jumps by using their front legs to guide the release of energy from their rear legs. In this paper, we present a simplified model of the jumping spider based on the anatomy of the real spider. The immediate goal of this model is to understand how the geometry of the legs affects the jumping motion, with the further goal of using this geometry in the future development of jumping robots. Through a set of simulations, dynamic analysis, and experiments with a physical realization of our model, we identify several features of the spiders' jumping mechanism, most notably that “vaulting” with the front legs allows the system to generate flatter take-off trajectories than could be achieved by simple aiming of a spring-release mechanism.
Keratinocyte growth factor stimulates CFTR-independent fluid secretion in the fetal lung in vitro

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) caused cystic dilation of mouse fetal lung explants in vitro, markedly increasing the luminal volume of lung buds and disrupting branching morphogenesis. Effects of KGF were dose dependent, were detected within 4 h of treatment, and were blocked by cycloheximide but not by actinomycin D, indicating that de novo protein synthesis mediated the response. Effects of KGF were inhibited by bumetanide, an inhibitor of the Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransporter, and ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. KGF stimulated fluid secretion equally in lung buds from cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators (CFTR) -/- and wild-type embryos, indicating that the effects were mediated by CFTR-independent Cl- transport. Microelectrode studies demonstrated that, whereas KGF did not acutely alter the transepithelial potential difference (PD) across the respiratory epithelium, the PD decreased while luminal volume increased during chronic exposure. KGF inhibited expression of alpha-subunit of epithelial Na+ channel (alpha-ENaC) mRNA, suggesting that KGF may inhibit Na+ absorption, which may contribute to KGF-induced fluid accumulation. KGF-induced fluid accumulation is driven by CFTR-independent Cl- transport and associated with decreased expression of alpha-ENaC.
Learning to Stand: The Acceptability and Feasibility of Introducing Standing Desks into College Classrooms.

Prolonged sedentary behavior is an independent risk factor for multiple negative health outcomes. Evidence supports introducing standing desks into K-12 classrooms and work settings to reduce sitting time, but no studies have been conducted in the college classroom environment. The present study explored the acceptability and feasibility of introducing standing desks in college classrooms. A total of 993 students and 149 instructors completed a single online needs assessment survey. This cross-sectional study was conducted during the fall semester of 2015 at a large Midwestern University. The large majority of students (95%) reported they would prefer the option to stand in class. Most students (82.7%) reported they currently sit during their entire class time. Most students (76.6%) and instructors (86.6%) reported being in favor of introducing standing desks into college classrooms. More than half of students and instructors predicted having access to standing desks in class would improve student’s “physical health”, “attention”, and “restlessness”. Collectively, these findings support the acceptability of introducing standing desks in college classrooms. Future research is needed to test the feasibility, cost-effectiveness and efficacy of introducing standing desks in college classrooms. Such studies would be useful for informing institutional policies regarding classroom designs.
Complementing the Common Core with Holistic Biliteracy.

In this article the authors propose that biliteracy is a more challenging and rigorous form of literacy than the English-only orientation of the Common Core State Standards (NGACBP & CCSSO, 2010). ...
Driver speed selection on high-speed two-lane highways: Comparing speed profiles between uniform and differential speed limits.

Objective: Although a considerable amount of prior research has investigated the impacts of speed limits on traffic safety and operations, much of this research, and nearly all of the research rela...
Abstract 141: APOA1, CETP, and CILP2 Variants Modify the Lipid Response to Fenofibrate: Genetics of Lipid Lowering and Diet Network

Introduction: Despite the widespread use of fibrates in treatment of dyslipidemia, the observed response is highly heterogeneous, suggesting a role for genetic determinants. Whether replicated variants associated with blood lipids identified by genome wide association studies (GWAS) are also associated with lipid response to fenofibrate is unknown. Objectives: To test if 95 genome-wide significant loci identified in a recent meta-analysis of blood lipids are associated with changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL-C, and triglycerides (TG) following 3 weeks of therapy with 160 mg of micronized fenofibrate. Methods: Using data from 861 European American Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) participants, we fit mixed linear models with baseline blood lipids and the post-to-pre fenofibrate treatment ratio of blood lipid levels as outcomes, the corresponding genetic markers from the published meta-analysis as predictors, and age, sex, pedigree, and ancestry as assessed by principal components as covariates. A Bonferroni correction was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons. Least square means were used to report the direction of fenofibrate-induced changes by genotype. Results: We observed statistically significant associations between rs964184, a variant near the APOA1 gene, and baseline HDL-C (P Conclusions: We have identified several novel biologically relevant loci associated with baseline blood lipids and fenofibrate-induced changes in blood lipids.
Anatomy builder VR: Applying a constructive learning method in the virtual reality canine skeletal system

We present Anatomy Builder VR that examines how a virtual reality (VR) system can support embodied learning in anatomy education. The backbone of the project is to pursue an alternative constructivist pedagogical model for learning canine anatomy. The main focus of the study was to identify and assemble bones in the live-animal orientation, using real thoracic limb bones in a bone box and digital pelvic limb bones in the Anatomy Builder VR. Eleven college students participated in the study. The pilot study showed that participants most enjoyed interacting with anatomical contents within the VR program. Participants spent less time assembling bones in the VR, and instead spent a longer time tuning the orientation of each VR bone in the 3D space. This study showed how a constructivist method could support anatomy education while using virtual reality technology in an active and experiential way.
Preemptive Ladd Procedure in congenital diaphragmatic hernia and Abdominal Wall defects does not reduce the risk of future volvulus

Abstract Introduction Patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), gastroschisis, and omphalocele are prone to abnormalities of intestinal rotation and thus future midgut volvulus. Controversy exists whether routine preemptive Ladd procedure in this subgroup of asymptomatic patients is of value to reduce future volvulus. Methods The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database was queried for neonates with CDH, gastroschisis, and omphalocele between January 2009 and September 2015. Standard univariate and multivariate analysis was completed to compare risk of volvulus between patients treated with a preemptive Ladd versus no Ladd (p Results Seven thousand seven hundred forty-nine neonates with CDH (40%), gastroschisis (38%), omphalocele (14%), and abdominal wall malformation (NOS) (9%) were identified. Overall, 3.6% (n=279) had a preemptive. Thirty-two patients had subsequent volvulus. Ladd procedure did not reduce volvulus readmissions for any diagnosis and was associated with a significantly increased risk of volvulus for omphalocele patients (9.1% vs 0.1%, p Conclusion Ladd procedure performed prophylactically in patients with CDH, gastroschisis, and omphalocele did not reduce subsequent volvulus. Level of evidence III, Retrospective Comparative Study.
Agreement analysis and spatial sensitivity of multispectral and hyperspectral sensors in detecting vegetation stress at management scales

Remotely sensed imagery is commonly used to map and monitor large land areas based on the ability to detect vegetation stress. Many sensors are available, including both hyper- and multispectral, but have varying costs, convenience, and characteristics. There were two objectives in this study: (1) to compare a hyperspectral sensor to two multispectral sensors with regards to each sensor’s ability to detect vegetation stress indicators in the visible, red edge, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared portions of the spectrum and (2) to determine the ability of coarser-resolution sensors to detect stress indicators in areas, where a finer resolution sensor detected stress indicators. Pairwise agreements between the sensors were ∼80% in each case, but much of this agreement was a function of agreement where stress indicators were absent. Spatial sensitivity analysis supported a conclusion that coarser-resolution sensors were consistently able to detect stress indicators in areas much smaller than their pixel size.
The Human Aerodigestive Tract and Gastroesophageal Reflux: An Evolutionary Perspective

In order to appreciate fully the nature of supraesophageal complications of gastroesophageal reflux in humans, it is essential to view the problem within an evolutionary framework. Examination of the aerodigestive tract anatomy of our mammalian relatives shows that this region in humans is highly derived as compared to other mammals. Among the specializations that adult humans exhibit is a caudal position of the larynx, which results in a permanently expanded oropharynx. These anatomical features underlie our distinctive breathing and swallowing patterns and provide the substrate that allows for the production of articulate speech. While the selection factors that have shaped human evolution obviously favored our derived aerodigestive tract, aspects of this anatomy appear particularly unsuited to accommodate gastroesophageal reflux. Indeed, our unique aerodigestive tract morphology may predispose us to an array of supraesophageal complications of gastroesophageal reflux.
Logos and Narrative

The books of Genesis through Second Kings trace a history of Israel from earliest times through the fall of the Southern Kingdom in 586 BCE. In earlier work, I demonstrate that this narrative contains a sophisticated political theory – a systematic analysis which justifies political authority; demonstrates the necessity of law and government; explores the nature of power relations in families; argues that nationhood is the best form of political organization; identifies self-governance, centralized institutions and sovereignty as the essential elements of nationhood; and claims that constitutional monarchy represents the best form of national government. But if the bible contains such a theory, why has it not been identified before now? The reason is that the bible’s political theory is embodied in narratives rather than in discursive analysis. The political meaning of the narratives was lost as the bible came to be interpreted from an exclusively spiritual point of view. This paper identifies advantages and disadvantages of narratives and offers conjectures for why Greek thinkers presented their political ideas discursively while the culture of ancient Israel opted to convey abstract ideas in the form of narrative.
SV40-Based in Vitro DNA Replication Assay

In the absence of well defined origins of DNA replication from animal cells, the biochemical approach to study DNA replication as related to the cell cycle, has been confined to two systems. One is the replication of exogenous DNA in Xenopus egg extracts (see chapter by P. Clarke, Part Two), and the other, which is the subject of this chapter, is the in vitro replication of DNA based on the replication of the papovavirus SV40.
SYLOW AUTOMIZERS OF ODD ORDER OR AN APPLICATION OF COHERENCE

Publisher Summary If P ∈ Syl P (G), p an odd prime. The automizer of P in G is N G (P)/C g (P). This chapter explores what may happen if this automorphism group of P has odd order. Coherence plays a crucial role in these investigations. In a classical coherence proof, the irreducible characters of G are closely related to the irreducible characters of a suitable p-local subgroup (usually N(P)) by their values on p-elements. N(P) is a Frobenius group, with kernel P and complement E . Centralizers of (non-1) elements of P lie in P. N(P) controls fusion of elements of P.
Pectolytic Fluorescent Pseudomonads Associated with Alfalfa Root and Crown Rot

The fluorescent pseudomonads associated with root and crown rots of alfalfa were divided into four groups depending on their ability to rot potato tuber slices and to elicit a typical hypersensitive reaction in tobacco leaves. The first group which rotted potato slices and was HR positive killed 38% of the alfalfa seedlings inoculated. The second group did not rot the potato slices but was HR positive. Strains of both groups were able to kill alfalfa seedlings (21 and 18%, respectively). The third group rotted potato slices but was HR negative. The last group, which did not rot potato slices or induce an HR, killed only 2% of the seedlings inoculated. A strain of Pseudomonas marginalis, 50 colonies isolated from discolored and 50 colonies isolated from normal field-grown alfalfa roots, showed that all four groups occurred, with the soft rotting-non HR group occurring in higher numbers in the discolored roots.
Cumulative years of classroom quality from kindergarten to third grade: Prediction to children's third grade literacy skills

Abstract Early literacy skills play an important role in children’s success in school. Especially important to better literacy skills may be the quality of the classroom environment (emotional support, classroom organization, and instructional support) across the early years of schooling. This study used an a priori threshold of quality approach to understanding the possible link between the number of years of better classroom quality over four years, from kindergarten through third grade, in relation to children’s literacy skills by third grade. This study examined a representative sample of 1292 children followed from birth who lived in low-wealth rural counties in the United States. These children were followed into school with classroom observations conducted each year from kindergarten through third grade and literacy related achievement measures in pre-kindergarten and third grade. Findings suggested that even after controlling for poverty related variables, the quality of the home environment, school entry literacy skills, and teacher rated literacy instruction, children who had more years of better classroom quality had higher third grade literacy scores. Additionally, we found an interaction effect, suggesting that children who entered kindergarten with lower emergent literacy skills benefited more from a greater number of years of better classroom quality in relation to reading comprehension in third grade. Thus, more years of better classroom quality may help in narrowing the gap between those who enter kindergarten with higher literacy skills and those who enter with lower literacy skills.
Father-son communication about consistent and correct condom use

OBJECTIVES: With this study, we explore communication about consistent and correct condom use among African American and Latino male adolescents ages 15 to 19 and their fathers. METHODS: Twenty-five father-son dyads completed semistructured interviews designed to elicit specific preferences for teaching and learning about consistent and correct condom use and strategies for addressing common condom use errors and problems. For analysis, we used in vivo coding and vertical and horizontal analysis techniques. RESULTS: Fathers and sons agreed that communication about condom use is feasible and acceptable. However, fathers tended to convey vague messages regarding protecting oneself from the negative consequences of sexual activity. Furthermore, both fathers and sons reported barriers hindering conversations. Secondly, the style and frequency of condom use conversations can help overcome barriers and support father-son relationship management. Talking frequently in 1-on-1 settings and using strategies to reduce discomfort made communication easier. Lastly, fathers and sons reported distinct preferences for teaching and learning about condom use. Sons wanted fathers to give specific guidance on the use and management of condoms. Fathers expressed interest in opportunities for improving their own condom knowledge and skills. Fathers identified gaps in their own condom use knowledge as a limitation to effective instruction of their sons. CONCLUSIONS: A father-focused communication intervention about condom use is feasible and acceptable. Enhancing the intergenerational benefits of father-son communication by addressing specific father-son preferences and learning needs for condom use instruction, as well as communication barriers, represents a novel mechanism for reducing male sexual reproductive health disparities.
Blockchain and Electronic Healthcare Records [Cybertrust]

There is a growing need to both secure patient health data from unauthorized breaches and at the same time make access to such data easier for patients. Blockchain may provide a solution.
Current Workload Recommendations in Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review:

Background:Several recommendations have been made regarding pitch counts and workload for baseball players of different levels, including Little League, high school, collegiate, and professional ba...
Correction to: Exploring the Relationship Between Lasting, Quality Social Bonds and Intermittency in Offending

The original version of this article, unfortunately, was missing a decimal point in Table 2. The effect size (b) for Proportion of Time on the Street in Waves 1–6 should be −2.403 instead of −2403.
Principles and Practical Guidelines of Intraoperative Consultation

Frozen section analysis of the gynecologic tract is a complex task due to the number of organs, tumors, and entities involved. Awareness of the importance of a thorough gross evaluation, careful selection of samples, and the numerous histologic features associated with this endeavor is a must. This chapter acts to serve as a quick reference to some of the more common epidemiologic, gross, and histologic features of some of the more common entities encountered in intraoperative consultation of the female reproductive system.
Spontaneous usage of shared humanity arguments

We examined when and why individuals spontaneously used shared humanity arguments. Participants (undergraduate college students in the U.S. around 20 years of age) writing in support (vs. non-support) of gays and lesbians (Study 1), writing in support of a marginalized (vs. dominant) group (Study 2), and writing in support of a marginalized group for an audience who disagrees (vs. agrees) with one’s argument (Study 3) showed greater usage of shared humanity arguments. In Study 4, we assessed shared humanity arguments when writing in support of refugees in the U.S. along with measures of motivation to control prejudiced reactions, fear of negative evaluation, and social desirability (self-deceptive enhancement, impression management). The results showed that only fear of negative evaluation and self-deceptive enhancement predicted usage of shared humanity arguments.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Is Associated with Lower Lymph Node Counts in Colon Cancer.

Adequate lymphadenectomy is associated with improved survival in patients who undergo oncologic resection of colorectal cancer and has been identified as a quality metric. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been found to be associated with collection of 12 lymph nodes. Of 9077 patients with a diagnosis of colon cancer who underwent colectomy, a minimum of 12 lymph nodes was harvested in 7897 (87%). Significant factors independently associated with inadequate lymphadenectomy included preoperative chemotherapy, emergent surgery, and T1 tumors (all P < 0.05). A large majority of patients who undergo colectomy for colon cancer have at least 12 lymph nodes collected. Preoperative chemotherapy is a major risk factor for inadequate lymph node retrieval. Recognition of factors associated with inadequate lymphadenectomy may improve colectomy lymph node yield and survival in patients with colon cancer.
The Rollback of Environment Justice: Executive Orders, Rulemaking, and the Administrative Process Under the Trump Administration

Most substantive policy issue areas, particularly environmental policies, have been legitimized through the legislative process since the 1970s with the enactment of the Clean Air Act and the Clean...
Assessing the impact and educational value of YouTube as a source of information on hydroquinone: a content-quality and readability analysis.

To the Editor,YouTube is popular resource among patients seeking information about dermatological conditions and treatments. Hydroquinone 4% is United States (US) Food and Drug Administration appro...