cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lymphopenia association with gross tumor volume and lung V5 and its effects on non-small cell lung cancer patient outcomes.

Purpose Radiation therapy (RT) can both suppress and stimulate the immune system. We sought to investigate the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced lymphopenia and its associations with patient outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods and Materials Subjects consisted of 711 patients who had received definitive RT for NSCLC. A lymphocyte nadir was calculated as the minimum lymphocyte value measured during definitive RT. Associations between gross tumor volumes (GTVs) and lung dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters with lymphocyte nadirs were assessed with Spearman correlation coefficients. Relationships between lymphocyte nadirs with overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared with log-rank test results. Multivariate regressions were conducted with linear and Cox regression analyses. All variables were analyzed as continuous if possible. Results Larger GTVs were correlated with lower lymphocyte nadirs regardless of concurrent chemotherapy receipt (with concurrent: r=−0.26, P P P P >.05). Of note, no significant associations were detected between GTV and lung DVH parameters with total leukocyte, neutrophil, or monocyte nadirs during RT or with lymphocyte count prior to RT. Multivariate analysis revealed larger GTV ( P P P =.02), and stage III disease ( P =.05) to be associated with lower lymphocyte nadirs. On univariate analysis, patients with higher lymphocyte nadirs exhibited significantly improved OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51 per 10 3 lymphocytes/μL, P =.01) and EFS (HR = 0.46 per 10 3 lymphocytes/μL, P Conclusions Lower lymphocyte nadirs during definitive RT were associated with larger GTVs and worse patient outcomes.
Deep Pacific ventilation ages during the last deglaciation: Evaluating the influence of diffusive mixing and source region reservoir age

Enhanced ventilation of the deep ocean during the last deglaciation may have caused the rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide that drove Earthʼs climate from a glacial to interglacial state. Recent results based on the projection age method, however, suggest the ventilation rate of the deep Pacific slowed during the deglaciation, opposite the expected pattern (Lund et al., 2011). Because the projection age method does not account for tracer diffusion (Adkins and Boyle, 1997) it can yield spurious results and therefore requires validation with alternative techniques. Here ventilation ages are determined using the transit-time equilibration-time distribution (TTD–ETD) method which explicitly accounts for diffusive mixing in the ocean interior (DeVries and Primeau, 2010). The overall time history of deep Pacific TTD–ETD and projection ages is very similar; both show a 1000-yr increase in ventilation age during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1; 14.5–17.5 kyr BP) and a 500-yr increase during the Younger Dryas (YD). The similarity is due in part to the use of projection age error estimates that take into account uncertainty in both calendar age and benthic 14C age. Centennial-scale offsets between the TTD–ETD and projection ages are due primarily to the different approaches used to estimate surface ocean radiocarbon content. Both the TTD–ETD and projection age results imply that the ventilation rate of the deep Pacific decreased during the deglaciation, opposite the pattern expected if Southern Ocean upwelling and enhanced meridional overturning drove outgassing of CO2 from the abyss. Variations in surface water reservoir age could cause an apparent shift in deep Pacific ventilation age but existing proxy records from the Southern Ocean appear to be inconsistent with such a driver.
Common Reed (Phragmites Australis) Response to Mowing and Herbicide Application

Common reed is an invasive species that has overtaken wetland habitats in the eastern United States and can spread into roadsides, turf, and ornamental sites. The postemergence grass herbicides used in nursery crops and turf, clethodim, fenoxaprop, fluazifop, and sethoxydim, did not control common reed. Dithiopyr, MSMA, and quinclorac also did not control this weed. Glyphosate applied at 2.24 kg ai/ha (2.0 lb ai/ac) was more effective in preventing regrowth of common reed than glufosinate at 1.12 kg/ha (1.0 lb ai/ac). Mowing every 2, 4, or 8 wk controlled common reed 93, 81, and 69%, respectively, by the end of the growing season, but only reduced regrowth by approximately 55% the following May. Applying glyphosate at 2% v/v either 1 mo after a mowing or 2 wk prior to mowing reduced common reed regrowth the following May by approximately 90%. Applying glyphosate without mowing provided similar common reed control the following spring compared to glyphosate combined with a single mowing. Common reed regrew in all treated plots 1 yr after study initiation, indicating that control treatments must be repeated if common reed is to be eradicated from a site. Nomenclature: Clethodim; dithiopyr; fluazifop; fenoxaprop; glufosinate; glyphosate; MSMA; quinclorac;
Exposure to Formaldehyde in Indoor Air

Trends in formaldehyde concentrations to which residents are exposed are reviewed, as are the means for assessing these exposures. Concentrations as high as a few ppm encountered in manufactured housing during the 1970s were eliminated after the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) 1984 ruling came into effect. The pressed-wood product industry, and its trade organizations, have made concerted efforts to comply with the ruling. Moreover, they have imposed additional voluntary product standards upon themselves intended to be applicable to a range of pressed-wood products wider than that defined in the HUD standard. Quarterly product testing on arbitrarily selected products shows a general lowering of emission rates with only a few percent of products now being above the HUD level. Measurement of ambient indoor levels of formaldehyde has been largely replaced by testing to assure conformance to product standards. The lower-emitting products on the market, if used in mobile home construction and furnishing, will expectantly produce formaldehyde levels not exceeding 0.1 ppm, except under conditions of unusually high temperature and humidity. Recent studies implicate household dust as a significant carrier of bound formaldehyde. In a few instances, old urea-formaldehyde cavity wall insulation has become friable and particles have blown into livingmore » areas. Future health assessments might need to consider this additional pathway of potential exposure.« less
The development of an after-school music program for at-risk children: student musical preferences and pre-service teacher reflections

An urban university music education department and an outreach organization partnered to provide after-school music classes for at-risk children. Fourteen music education majors were recruited to teach 125 first through fifth graders (6-12 years of age), whose ethnicity was 55 percent Hispanic and 45 percent African-American. Classes included general music, recorder, and choir. Musical preference measures indicated significant differences among grades, except for two pieces that reflected the ethnicity of the students. Pre-service teachers were most successful at teaching moving, performing, and listening to a variety of music, and least successful at teaching composing and improvising; and they were able to achieve all of the stated goals for a successful urban youth program, especially being a positive force and musical mentor, and making the experience enjoyable, challenging, and extraordinary for the children.
Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After Early Low-Dose Hydrocortisone Treatment in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

BACKGROUND.Low cortisol concentrations in premature infants have been correlated with increased severity of illness, hypotension, mortality, and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A total of 360 mechanically ventilated infants with a birth weight of 500 to 999 g were enrolled in a randomized, multicenter trial of prophylaxis of early adrenal insufficiency to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were decreased in the hydrocortisonetreated patients exposed to chorioamnionitis. We now report outcomes at 18 to 22 months’ corrected age. PATIENTS AND METHODS.Surviving infants were evaluated with standardized neurologic examination and Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II. Neurodevelopmental impairment was defined as a Mental Developmental Index or Psychomotor Developmental Index of 70, cerebral palsy, blindness or deafness. RESULTS.A total of 252 (87%) of 291 survivors were evaluated. Cerebral palsy was diagnosed in 13% of hydrocortisone-treated versus 14% of placebo-treated infants. Fewer hydrocortisone-treated infants had a Mental Development Index 70, and more of the hydrocortisone-treated infants showed evidence of awareness of object permanence. Incidence of neurodevelopmental impairment was not different (39% [hydrocortisone] vs 44% [placebo]). There were no differences in physical growth measures. Chorioamnionitis-exposed infants treated with hydrocortisone were shorter and weighed less than controls but had no evidence of neurodevelopmental impairment. Among infants not exposed to chorioamnionitis, hydrocortisone-treated patients were less likely to have a Mental Development Index of 70 or to be receiving glucocorticoids at follow-up.
The Ferroportin Metal Efflux Proteins Function in Iron and Cobalt Homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Relatively little is known about how metals such as iron are effluxed from cells, a necessary step for transport from the root to the shoot. Ferroportin (FPN) is the sole iron efflux transporter identified to date in animals, and there are two closely related orthologs in Arabidopsis thaliana, IRON REGULATED1 (IREG1/FPN1) and IREG2/FPN2. FPN1 localizes to the plasma membrane and is expressed in the stele, suggesting a role in vascular loading; FPN2 localizes to the vacuole and is expressed in the two outermost layers of the root in response to iron deficiency, suggesting a role in buffering metal influx. Consistent with these roles, fpn2 has a diminished iron deficiency response, whereas fpn1 fpn2 has an elevated iron deficiency response. Ferroportins also play a role in cobalt homeostasis; a survey of Arabidopsis accessions for ionomic phenotypes showed that truncation of FPN2 results in elevated shoot cobalt levels and leads to increased sensitivity to the metal. Conversely, loss of FPN1 abolishes shoot cobalt accumulation, even in the cobalt accumulating mutant frd3. Consequently, in the fpn1 fpn2 double mutant, cobalt cannot move to the shoot via FPN1 and is not sequestered in the root vacuoles via FPN2; instead, cobalt likely accumulates in the root cytoplasm causing fpn1 fpn2 to be even more sensitive to cobalt than fpn2 mutants.
An analysis of chronic drunkenness offenders with implications for behavioral intervention.

SummaryDetailed social-psychological data on chronic drunkenness offenders in a medium-sized Southern city are presented. Therapeutic implications are discussed within a behavior modification framework.
O'Leary confirmed as DOE secretary

On January 21, the U.S. Senate approved the nomination of Hazel R. O'Leary as the new secretary of energy. This vote came just 2 days after O'Leary appeared before the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. O'Leary, 55, has been executive vice president for corporate affairs at the Minnesota-based Northern States Power Company. During the Carter administration, she worked in a senior position at the Federal Energy Administration.
Memory, Mythmaking, and Museums: Constructive Authenticity and the Primitive Blues Subject

This essay explores how museums, public memory, and authenticity intersect to privilege an understanding of the past. Reflecting White control over the promotion of blues music, the curators at the Delta Blues Museum, located in Clarksdale, Mississippi, employ two rhetorical strategies to satisfy the expectations of (White) tourists who share culturally specific memories of the blues. First, the museum's rhetorical depiction of blues artists reflects White fascination with the mythic image of the primitive blues subject. Second, the exhibit recreates an early 20th century Delta society to complement tourism goals to market the Mississippi Delta as America's last remaining “pure” blues culture. In the conclusion, implications for rhetorical scholars interested in studying the symbolic dimensions of authenticity are discussed.
A phase field – Finite element approach to model the interaction between phase transformations and plasticity in shape memory alloys

Abstract The coupling between phase transformations and plasticity in shape memory alloys (SMAs) is studied by developing a finite element framework in which the constitutive relation captures both phase transformations at the martensite correspondence variant (CV) scale and rate-dependent crystal plasticity in austenite. Load-free and load-biased thermal cycling simulations involving a model cubic-to-tetragonal transformation system are carried out to study how slip in austenite can affect the resulting martensite microstructure. Three key questions are answered. First, where does austenite slip predominantly occur during phase transformation? Second, at what stage during a thermal cycle is plastic deformation most pronounced? Third, what is the effect of plastic deformation on measurable parameters like transformation temperature and subsequent transformation microstructure? The model can also be generalized to study the coupling between phase transformations, twining, and slip.
Structure of Matter and Fundamental Forces

The previous section provided a rough description of the large structures in the observable universe. We now go inside matter.
Effect of illumination length on the optical absorption of armchair graphene nano-ribbons

We study nanoscale optical illumination of semiconducting armchair graphene nanoribbons. The optical absorption undergoes a sharp transition to the long-ribbon limit at approximately the de Broglie wavelength of the valence band electrons.
Abstract 838: Suppression of constitutive and interleukin-6-inducible activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in human prostate cancer cells by diallyl trisulfide, a cancer chemopreventive constituent of garlic

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor implicated in prostate cancer development. The STAT3 is constitutively active in a large fraction of human prostate cancer cells and clinical prostate cancer specimens. Hyperactivity of STAT3 is associated with advanced prostate cancer. Furthermore, STAT3 activation promotes survival and inhibits apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Agents that are safe but can either suppress activation of STAT3 or overcome STAT3 activation for their anticancer effects are attractive for prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Natural products have attracted tremendous attention for the discovery of novel agents potentially useful for prevention and treatment of human cancers. The present study demonstrates that diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a promising cancer chemopreventive constituent of processed garlic, inhibits phosphorylation (activation) of STAT3 in prostate cancer cells in culture and in vivo. Exposure of DU145 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells to growth suppressive and pharmacologically-relevant concentrations of DATS (20 and 40 μmol/L) resulted in suppression of constitutive (DU145) as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced (LNCaP) phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr705). The DATS-mediated suppression of STAT3 activation correlated with inhibition of Janus-activated kinase 2 phosphorylation. Constitutive and/or IL-6-induced nuclear translocation of pSTAT3 as well as STAT3 dimerization was also inhibited markedly on treatment with DATS in both cell lines. Inhibition of prostate cancer development in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) mice by gavage with DATS correlated with a visible decrease in the levels of pSTAT3. Interestingly, the IL-6-mediated activation of STAT3 failed to confer protection against proapoptotic response to DATS in either cell line. Likewise, the DATS-mediated inhibition of cell migration was either not affected or minimally reversed by the IL-6 treatment or ectopic expression of constitutively active STAT3. In conclusion, the present study indicates that DATS treatment suppresses STAT3 phosphorylation in prostate cancer cells in culture and in vivo, but activation of this oncogenic transcription factor is largely dispensable for cellular responses to DATS. Ability of DATS to overcome STAT3 activation is a therapeutic advantage for this chemopreventive agent. This study was supported by the USPHS grant 2 RO1 CA113363-06, awarded by the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 838. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-838
Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Antecedent Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Late aortic rupture following successful endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm still does occur. It represents the ultimate failure of endovascular aortic repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR) and subjects patients to equivalent risk of death as de novo rupture. Unfortunately, it is difficult to identify patients at risk for post-EVAR rupture as many present with aortic rupture in the absence of any endograft-related complications. Continued surveillance and timely intervention are of paramount importance to assure rupture-free survival, the ultimate goal of any aneurysm treatment modality. The vascular surgeon needs to be prepared to provide the optimal therapy, whether open or endovascular, for this challenging cohort of patients.
Waking Life: Reflections on Evan Thompson's “Quantum Phenomenology” and “Contemplative Neuroscience”

In this essay, I detail the mainsprings of Evan Thompson's creative synthesis of Indian philosophy, Western phenomenology, philosophy of mind, and neuroscience—what he calls “contemplative neuroscience”—and sketch some of his key arguments. I focus on his method of “neurophenomenology” and the connections among his understanding of three key concepts: consciousness, dreaming, and the link between the two—imagination. I explore three epistemological questions his work raises: When contemplatives claim to access nondual, pure awareness, is this truly knowledge? If so, what kind of knowledge is it? And can it be deemed scientific in any meaningful way? My criticism has to do with what I take to be a glaring omission in the book: it does not directly investigate what I want to call the “phenomenology of kensho,” of the breakthrough experiences long-time meditators are alleged to undergo.
Multidimensionality of Locus of Control and the Eysenck Personality Inventory

Kleiber, Veldman, and Menaker (1973) have repotted the isolation of three factors from Rotter's locus of control scale: Disbelief in Luck or Chance (Factor I ) , System Modifiability (11). and Individual Responsibility for Failure (111). Since previous studies have reported an inverse relationship between an internal locus of control orientation and neurotic symptoms (Lichtenstein & Kentzer, 1967; Platt, Pometanz, & Eisenman, 1971) and since Rotter (1966) has suEgested that internal subjects are, in general, better adjusted than are external ones, the present study determined whether these individual locus of control factors are differentially implicated with neurotic symptoms. Sixty-eight college students were given the Eysenck Personality Inventory (Form A) and the Rotter Locus of Control scale as separate questionnaires. The locus of control scale items were separated from their original pairings and were arranged randomly on the question sheet. These items were responded to in a true-false format, unlike the six-point Likert format used by Kleiber, ec al. (1973). Eysenck's Extraversion scale correlated -.OW with Factor I, .050 with Factor 11. and .093 with Factor 111; none of these correlations are significant. Eysenck's Neuroticism scale correlated -.222 with Factor I, -.318 with Faaor I1 ( p < .02), and -.I15 with Factor 111. These results suggest that the previously reported relationship between locus of control and neurotic tendencies may be due to neurotics having greater likelihood of discounting notions that they have personal control over political, social, and economic systems and hence are more likely to regard themselves as pawns in the hands of institutions. In this study, the following correlations were observed between individual factors of locus of control (as reported by Kleiber, et al., 1973) : 1-11 ( r = .381, p < .01), 1-111 ( r = .259, p < .05), and 11-111 ( r = .239, n.s.). These results suggest that there is some overlap among these factors when a "true-false" rather than the Likert format of answering is used.
Endotoxin Reduction in Cotton: Preparation of Yarn and Fabric from Detoxified Cotton1

Endotoxins, which are found in the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, are suspected of being a causative agent of byssinosis, a pulmonary dysfunction found in some textile mill workers exposed to cotton dust. Cotton sliver and lint were treated with solvent systems previously shown to reduce the endotoxin content of cotton dust as measured by Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Endotoxins in sliver or lint were reduced by several of the solvent systems. Yarns were spun from sliver treated with 95% ethanol containing either sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. Single-knit fabric was successfully prepared from a badly weathered cotton lint treated with 95% ethanol/sodium hydroxide.
Multi-institutional privileging: a pilot demonstration project of the United States Navy and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.

The U.S. Navy and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations have undertaken a 3-year multi-institutional privileging project. The concept involves granting privileges in one Navy facility that are recognized throughout the system during the staff appointment period. It entails: (1) use of specialty-specific standardized privilege lists, (2) designation of one authority at a time to grant the appointment with privileges, (3) use of a single credentials file during the practitioner's career, and (4) medical staff bylaws applicable to the entire system. The concept is potentially useful in other armed services, the Veterans Administration, and some civilian systems.
The Quadratic Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Suicide Ideation: A Nonlinear Analysis of Indirect Effects

A nonlinear indirect effects framework was used to investigate potential interpersonal indirect effects (i.e., perceived burden and thwarted belonging) accounting for the nonlinear relationship between body mass index (BMI) and suicide ideation. Using a sample of 338 undergraduates, results revealed a significant quadratic effect of BMI on suicide ideation via perceived burden only, which became significant as BMI fell below 18.00 kg/m2 and above 28.00 kg/m2 . Our results provide novel information relevant for suicide risk screening in the context of weight- and health-related interventions and provide justification for future longitudinal trials assessing suicide risk across the BMI spectrum.
Injunctions for NEPA Violations: Balancing the Equities

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) reads like no other environmental statute. Its language is lofty and aspirational. Section 101 proclaims a national environmental policy "to create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony, and fulfill the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations of Americans."' It declares that the federal government has a "continuing responsibility" to act as trustee for future generations, and to "assure for all Americans safe, healthful, productive, and aesthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings."2 NEPA's actual requirements, however, are significantly less grand. The heart of NEPA's scheme, ? 102, requires that federal agencies analyze the environmental effects of all major actions in a detailed environmental impact statement (EIS).3 NEPA has detailed paperwork requirements but no specific substantive requirements. Once the agency completes the EIS process, it may proceed with any course of action, environmentally harmful or not. This gap between the vague, aspirational goals of ? 101 and the EIS paper process of ? 102 has left courts with a difficult remedial problem. Vhat should they do when a federal agency fails to follow the prescribed procedures? Specifically, how should a court decide whether to enjoin a federal project when the agency has not thoroughly considered the project's environmental effects as NEPA requires? An example will illustrate the problem. Imagine that the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is planning to install a new electricity generating system at a dam. The system would use a new technique, pumped storage, that involves the pumping of water upstream during peak demand periods. The Corps has already pre-
A Theory of Balance-of-Payments Adjustment for the Hegemon

The absorption theory (Alexander, 1952) (Johnson, 1958) is the basic theoretical analysis of the elimination of a balance-of-payments deficit. However, this theory is not, in its original form, directly applicable to the subject matter of this book. In its original form, the theory applied to a world of ostensibly fixed rates of exchange in which, with the exception of the key-currency country, which had, at that time, a very large positive INW, international capital movements were both screened by the authorities in the exporting country and were small relative to the volume of current transactions. Second, the theory applied to a relatively small nation so that it is in need of a major restatement when it is to be applied to a large country (the key-currency nation).
Mapping 3D fiber orientation in tissue using dual-angle optical polarization tractography.

Optical polarization tractography (OPT) has recently been applied to map fiber organization in the heart, skeletal muscle, and arterial vessel wall with high resolution. The fiber orientation measured in OPT represents the 2D projected fiber angle in a plane that is perpendicular to the incident light. We report here a dual-angle extension of the OPT technology to measure the actual 3D fiber orientation in tissue. This method was first verified by imaging the murine extensor digitorum muscle placed at various known orientations in space. The accuracy of the method was further studied by analyzing the 3D fiber orientation of the mouse tibialis anterior muscle. Finally we showed that dual-angle OPT successfully revealed the unique 3D “arcade” fiber structure in the bovine articular cartilage.
A digitally tunable stabilization technique for transimpedance amplifiers in optical wireless and visible light communication links

A digitally controllable stabilization technique for bandwidth-enhanced shunt-feedback (SFB) transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) with active Gm-feedback is proposed. The Gm-feedback programmability uses a switchable tail current network to digitally control the global TIA phase margin and correct for any instability resulting from device modeling imperfections, unconsidered layout parasitics or PVT variations. The proposed technique is demonstrated using a dual-stage TIA implemented in 0.35 µm CMOS technology. The TIA consumes 10.9 mA from a 3.3 V DC voltage supply, with 600 µA additional current from the phase margin correcting circuits, to achieve around 25 degrees phase margin control range. The TIA was tested as a part of a fully integrated optical receiver in a 2.7-m link visible light communication (VLC) setup. The phase margin control bits allowed bit-error-rate (BER) improvement by three orders of magnitude (< 10−10) at 1.8 Gb/s.
Abstract 799: Protein kinase C ε cooperates with Pten deficiency to regulate NF-κB pathway in prostate cancer progression

Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men in the United States. Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCe), a member of the PKC family of phorbol ester/diacylglycerol receptors, has emerged as an oncogenic kinase and shown to be up-regulated in human prostate cancer specimens. We recently demonstrated that PKCe is an upstream regulator of NF-κB activation in prostate cancer (JBC, 287:37570-37582, 2012) and that transgenic overexpression of PKCe in mice prostate under the control of the probasin promoter (PB-PKCe) leads to hyperplasia and PIN lesions but was insufficient to drive neoplastic changes (Cell Cycle, 10:268-277, 2011). Notably, when we intercrossed PB-PKCe mice with mice haploinsufficient for Pten, another common genetic alteration in human prostate cancer, the resulting compound mutant mice (PB-PKCe;Pten+/- mice) developed fully invasive adenocarcinoma with elevated NF-κB levels. In the present study, we aim to delineate the mechanism underlying the observed cooperativity between PKCe overexpression and Pten deficiency and to explore the consequences of this cooperativity on the transcription factor NF-κB signaling, a pathway known to be highly dysregulated in prostate tumorigenesis. To this end, we stably overexpressed PKCe in mouse prostate epithelial lines that are either heterozygous (P8) or homozygous (CaP8) for Pten deletion. We observed a striking synergism between PKCee overexpression and Pten loss in conferring enhanced proliferative, migratory and invasive phenotype. Moreover, LPS or TNFα stimulation of these cells led to increased NF-κB activation as evident from the elevated IκBα phosphorylation, NF-κB nuclear translocation and transactivation of a NF-κB luciferase reporter. These effects were much more pronounced in CaP8 cells. Of note, PKCe overexpression and Pten loss also cooperates to augment levels of the NF-κB regulated gene, COX-2. Stable overexpression of PKCe and Pten depletion in “normal” immortalized RWPE1 cells also resulted in significant enhancements in TNFα-induced NF-κB activation and COX-2 induction. Furthermore, NF-κB inhibition by parthenolide significantly retarded the growth of CaP8-PKCe tumors in athymic nude mice. Overall, our results identify NF-κB as a mediator of PKCe oncogenesis in prostate cancer, particularly in the context of Pten loss. Citation Format: Rachana Garg, Jorge Blando, Carlos J. Perez, Fernando J. Benavides, Marcelo G. Kazanietz. Protein kinase C e cooperates with Pten deficiency to regulate NF-κB pathway in prostate cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 799. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-799
Simplifying the construction of source code transformations via automatic syntactic restructurings

A set of restructurings to systematically normalize selective syntax in C++ is presented. The objective is to convert variations in syntax of specific portions of code into a single form to simplify the construction of large, complex program transformation rules. Current approaches to constructing transformations require developers to account for a large number of syntactic cases, many of which are syntactically different but semantically equivalent. The work identifies classes of such syntactic variations and presents normalizing restructurings to simplify each variation to a single, consistent syntactic form. The normalizing restructurings for C++ are presented and applied to two open source systems for evaluation. The evaluation uses the system's test cases to validate that the normalizing restructurings do not affect the systems' tested behavior. In addition, a set of example transformations that benefit from the prior application of normalizing restructurings are presented along with a small survey to assess the effect of the readability of the resultant code.
„RARYTNE” CZASY. O PRZEŁOMIE ROMANTYCZNYM W KSIĘGARZU ULICZNYM WŁADYSŁAWA SYROKOMLI

The article is interested in looking at the dynamics of the Romantic turning point from the perspective of the changes in the book market in Vilnius in the first half of the nineteenth century. These changes are the subject of literary and historiographical texts by Adam Mickiewicz, Joachim Lelewel, and Wladyslaw Syrokomla. The author focuses primarily on Syrokomla’s Ksiegarz uliczny [Street bookseller], analysing it in the context of the works of the Romanticism ‘lawgivers’ as an indirect testimony to the evolution of literary preferences and external shape of books, their circulation, types of readers, and bookselling trends.
Effect of chest compression leaning on accelerometry waveforms

CPR monitors provide feedback on rate, depth and release force (RF) of chest compressions. Excessive RF (“leaning”) impedes venous return, reducing blood flow. Available monitors detect leaning with a force sensor, an expensive component. Our objective was to determine whether leaning, like rate and depth, could be detected through the accelerometry signal alone. Brief intervals of accelerometry signals centered on force minima were extracted from chest compressions recorded with CPR monitors used in 289 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the Portland metropolitan region from 2009–2015. Evidence for effects of leaning was sought with various neural networks. Testing was done with waveforms extracted from 147 additional cases. A cascadeforward network with 2 hidden layers outperformed simpler alternatives. Testing yielded 88.6% correct classifications. Cases with zero RF were identified correctly as non-leaning in 99.9% of 123714 cases. Accelerometry in the vicinity of the release point provides information about the force at release and warrants further investigation.
USE OF INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND AND OPTIMAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR ETIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS IN A WOMAN PRESENTING WITH ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, APICAL WALL MOTION ABNORMALITY AND NON-OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

The etiology of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and apical wall motion abnormality in women can be a diagnostic challenge. A 61-year-old woman with history of tobacco use presents with severe chest pain after exertion not resolved
Gender and Race Identification by Man and Machine

This work details a comprehensive study on gender and race identification from different facial representations. The major contributions of this work are: comparison of human and machine performance, qualitative analysis of use of color for race identification, combining different facial views for gender identification and extensive human experiments for both gender and race recognition from four different facial representations.
The Rise and Fall of the 'Underclass': An Exploration of Ideology and the Legal Arena

This article explores the rise and fall of the "underclass" as an ideological construct between roughly 1980 and the present. The emergent understanding of the 10-12% of the population living in impoverished center-cities as an "underclass" carried with it a pronounced sympathy for the urban poor and also a preference for welfare and job programs that could aid them. Not surprisingly, the overall ideological construct made its presence felt in the legal arena, a discursive setting in which the organizational force of ideology is especially evident. In particular, some courts attempted to stop exclusionary zoning, a practice especially common in new, outlying suburbs. As the twentieth century drew to a close, meanwhile, attention to the "underclass" declined precipitously, and notions of an "underclass" virtually vanished from policy-making, political discourse, and the legal arena. The courts concomitantly lost interest in condemning exclusionary zoning, and the urban poor were denied a potentially valuable conceptualization which might have contributed to their political self-awareness and strengthened demands for an end to their debilitating oppression.
A Review of the Effects of Molds and Mycotoxins in Ruminants

Effects of molds and mycotoxins on health and performance of ruminants are often difficult to distinguish from each other. Molds may adversely affect ruminant production by any or all of the following: reducing nutritive value of feed, limiting feed intake, affecting physiological function directly; or indirectly by mycotoxicoses. Molds associated with mycotoxin production are: Aspergillus sp. (aflatoxin); Penicillium sp. (penicillic acid and patulin); and Fusarium sp. (deoxynivalenol and zearaienone). Wet and cool weather conditions favor Fusarium sp. growth and hot and dry conditions favor Aspergillus sp. growth. Ruminants and chickens are quite tolerant to deoxynivalenol, apparently due to gastrointestinal microbial activity: Deoxynivalenol concentrations (diet DM) of up to 8.5 ppm in lactating dairy cow diets, 21 ppm in growing cattle diets, or 15.6 ppm in growing sheep diets had no adverse effects on health or production performance. No deoxynivalenol residue was found in milk of cows fed 6.4 ppm (diet DM) for 70 d. Ewes and heifers are sensitive to zearalenone effects on reproduction when concentration exceeds 0.5 or 5 ppm (diet DM), respectively. Current literature on effects of ochratoxin or T-2 toxin on performance is limited; therefore, no obvious trends were evident to suggest tolerance levels of these toxins. A simplified action chart has been devised to suggest management alternatives when molds or mycotoxins are suspected.
Baseline Mammography: What Is It and Why Is It Important? A Cross-Sectional Survey of Women Undergoing Screening Mammography

Abstract Objectives Studies have shown that having a baseline mammogram, the first screening mammogram, available for comparison at the time of interpreting a subsequent mammogram significantly decreases the potential of a false-positive examination. Our aim was to evaluate knowledge of and perception about the significance of baseline mammograms in those women undergoing screening mammography. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional prospective survey study was conducted in women without a history of breast cancer presenting for their screening mammogram. Respondents were surveyed anonymously between March and April 2017. The questionnaire was developed by primary care providers and radiologists and pretested for readability and clarity. Results In all, 401 women (87% white, 93% educated beyond high school) completed surveys in which 77% of women reported having yearly mammograms, 31% reported having a history of an abnormal mammogram, and 45% had not heard the term baseline mammogram. Of those who had heard the term, the most commonly reported source was their primary care provider (31%). Although 74% chose the correct definition of a baseline mammogram, 67% did not think that a baseline mammogram was important for decreasing associated cost, time, and discomfort due to the number of mammograms incorrectly read as abnormal. Conclusion In a group of educated women who routinely get mammograms, almost one-half had not heard the term baseline mammogram. Furthermore, most women did not think baseline mammography was important for decreasing associated cost, time, and discomfort due to mammograms incorrectly read as abnormal. This study suggests that efforts to improve women’s understanding of baseline mammograms and their importance are warranted, with greatest opportunity for health care providers and radiologists.
Optimal one-step censoring schemes under entropy criterion

Finding the optimal censoring scheme is a discrete optimization problem in the space of schemes. Under the entropy criterion, we examine optimal censoring schemes by preferring the choice of one-st...
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in patients with metastatic gallbladder cancer.

442Background: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been used as an inflammation-based prognostic marker for various malignancies. The aim of our study was to determine whether NLR can independ...
Adapting Patient Experience Data Collection Processes for Lower Literacy Patient Populations Using Tablets at the Point of Care.

Background Patient experience surveys are widely used to capture the patient-reported quality of care and are increasingly being used for formal reporting purposes. There is evidence that certain patient subgroups are less likely to respond to traditional CAHPS surveys. As patient-facing technologies become more common, it is important to examine whether tablet-based patient experience surveys have the potential to promote responses from more diverse populations. Objectives To develop, gain perspectives about, and pilot an English and Spanish low-literacy adaptation of the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers & Systems Clinician & Group Survey (CG-CAHPS) administered on a tablet device at the point of care. Research design Cognitive testing and evaluation of a quality improvement pilot comparing a tablet-based adaptation and traditional paper-based versions of the CG-CAHPS survey. Subjects English-speaking and Spanish-speaking patients receiving primary care in an urban community clinic. Measures To compare the acceptability of low-literacy tablet-based and traditional paper-based patient experience surveys, we examined the concordance of responses between survey modes and preferences for modality, as well as perspectives on usability and reporting care experiences. We examined demographic differences in responses to tablet-based versus mailed surveys from a quality improvement pilot. Results The majority of cognitive interview participants preferred a low-literacy, tablet-based survey over a paper-based survey with traditional wording. In a quality improvement pilot comparing tablet-based administration at the point of care versus mailed surveys, respondents to the tablet-based survey were more likely to be younger and Latino. Conclusions If designed with patient input, tablet-based surveys have the potential to improve the collection of patient experience data among diverse populations.
High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells by One-Step Self-Assembled Perovskite-Polymer Thin Films

Perovskite materials have drawn the greatest attention as alternatives for approaching cost-effective perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the past decade. However, the desire for PSCs with photocurren...
Hydrogen Bond Exchange and Ca2+ Binding of Aqueous N-Methylacetamide Revealed by 2DIR Spectroscopy.

Cation effects on proteins have been a challenge to understand. Herein, we present two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopic measurements, coupled with molecular dynamics and spectroscopic calc...
REPLACEMENT OF LIDOCAINE GEL WITH TOPICAL PROPARACAINE ANESTHESIA FOR ROUTINE INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS: A Comparative Study.

Purpose Lidocaine gel was suggested to be highly effective in providing anesthesia for intravitreal injections but adverse effects include possibility of making sterilization of the conjunctiva difficult. Hence, we wished to determine the effect of using 0.5% proparacaine drops alone over the use of 3.5% lidocaine hydrochloride gel anesthesia during office based intravitreal injections. Methodology This was a case control study in patients who came routinely to the clinic for anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections. Eyes were treated with one of two anesthesia modalities. Total of 216 injections in 120 patients were reviewed. One group (N = 107) underwent anesthesia with 0.5% proparacaine drops and the control group (N = 109) received 3.5% lidocaine gel. The pain perceived after injection was graded using the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and score immediately recorded by the 'masked' injecting physician. Results The mean pain score (± SD) for the proparacaine-only group vs gel group was 1.97 (± 1.17) vs 1.76 (± 0.92), P value = 0.3174. There was no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion 3.5% lidocaine gel is not superior to 0.5% proparacaine drops as patients attained good pain control and excellent rates of overall satisfaction with proparacaine drops alone.
Case 38-2020: A 52-Year-Old Man with Cancer and Acute Hypoxemia

A Man with Cancer and Acute Hypoxemia A 52-year-old man with back pain was admitted to the hospital with a vertebral mass, multiple lytic bone lesions, and severe hypercalcemia. MRI showed an enhan...
Gradient estimates of solutions to the insulated conductivity problem in dimension greater than two

We study the insulated conductivity problem with inclusions embedded in a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$. The gradient of solutions may blow up as $\varepsilon$, the distance between inclusions, approaches to $0$. An upper bound for the blow up rate was proved to be of order $\varepsilon^{-1/2}$. The upper bound was known to be sharp in dimension $n = 2$. However, whether this upper bound is sharp in dimension $n \ge 3$ has remained open. In this paper, we improve the upper bound in dimension $n \ge 3$ to be of order $\varepsilon^{-1/2 + \beta}$, for some $\beta > 0$.
De-Talibanization and the Onset of Insurgency in Afghanistan

This article examines the reasons for the rise of the Taliban and the onset of the insurgency in Afghanistan after the 2001 U.S. invasion, using counterfactual and path dependence analysis to bolst...
The Regularity of Irregularity in Adam Smith's Three Invisible Hands

The expression “invisible hand” appears once in each of three works by Adam Smith. It has been suggested that in History of Astronomy the term suggests an irregularity whereas in Theory of Moral Sentiments and Wealth of Nations, a regularity. I suggest that in the latter two instances, Smith is self-consciously paralleling the heathen “savage” who invokes “the invisible hand of Jupiter.” All three instances suggest irregularity, though in the latter two quite subtly. Across all three, therefore, there is a regularity of irregularity.
Laboratory-simulated marine heatwave accelerates early embryonic development in the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata at its cold range edge

Marine heatwaves are discrete periods of anomalously warm sea temperatures that are globally increasing in frequency and intensity. Marine heatwaves that occur in spring and summer may coincide wit...
Rehabilitation for Symptom Management for Patients with Cancer at the End of Life: Current Evidence and Barriers to Care

The goal of this review is to highlight recent literature that addresses the role of rehabilitation for managing symptoms for patients with cancer near the end of life. Current literature supports the integration of rehabilitation interventions as part of comprehensive symptom management in patients with advanced cancer near end of life. Research is needed to clarify the impact and timing of specific rehabilitation techniques. There is also a need for robust education for both palliative and rehabilitation clinicians about the role for rehabilitation. In this article, we review evidence for the use of rehabilitation interventions to address symptoms commonly experienced by patients with advanced cancer — dyspnea, pain, depression, anxiety, and fatigue. We also touch on communication strategies important for assessing and addressing the complex needs of the patient and caregiver. Finally, we describe barriers to the use of palliative rehabilitation and explore strategies for improving implementation across care settings.