cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis: Focus on disorders of mood, affect and behaviour

symptoms are common in multiple sclerosis (MS). They include two broad categories of disturbances: abnormalities in cognition, and abnormalities of mood, affect and behaviour. The present review deals with the epidemiology, clinical features, etiology and treatment of disturbances included in the second category, i.e., major depression, fatigue and sleep disorders, bipolar disorder, euphoria, pathological laughing and crying, anxiety, psychosis and personality changes. Major depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in MS with an approximate 50% lifetime prevalence rate. Early recognition and management of depression in MS is of major importance because it is a key predictor of morbidity, mortality, quality of life, possibly physical outcome and disease exacerbations, adherence to immunomodulatory treatments and suicide risk in MS patients, as well as of the caregiver's distress and quality of life. The etiopathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders in MS has been incompletely investigated. It is postulated that a complex interplay of biological, disease-related, behavioural and psychosocial factors contribute to the pathophysiology of most of them. Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in MS is often effective, although commonly based on evidence provided by case studies and uncontrolled trials. A comprehensive biopsychosocial neuropsychiatric approach is essential for the optimal care of patients with MS.
Chlamydia trachomatis infection does not enhance local cellular immunity against concurrent Candida vaginal infection

Although Th1-type cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is the predominant host defense mechanism against mucosal Candida albicans infection, CMI against a vaginal C. albicans infection in mice is limited at the vaginal mucosa despite a strong Candida-specific Th1-type response in the draining lymph nodes. In contrast, Th1-type CMI is highly effective against an experimental Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection. This study demonstrated through two independent designs that a concurrent Candida and Chlamydia infection could not accelerate or modulate the anti-Candida CMI response. Together, these results suggest that host responses to these genital tract infections are independent and not influenced by the presence of the other.
Selection for Reduced Fusarium Ear Rot and Fumonisin Content in Advanced Backcross Maize Lines and Their Topcross Hybrids

Backcross breeding is an important method to improve elite cultivars for traits controlled by a small number of loci but has been used less frequently to improve quantitatively controlled traits. Resistances to Fusarium ear rot (caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (teleomorph Gibberella moniliformis Wineland)) and contamination by the associated mycotoxin fumonisin in maize (Zea mays L.) are quanti- tatively inherited. We backcrossed the more resistant but unadapted inbred GE440 for four generations to the susceptible but agronomi- cally elite commercial inbred FR1064. A selected set of 19 BC 4 F 1:3 lines had greater resistance to ear rot and fumonisin content than their recur- rent parent FR1064. Topcrosses of the selected lines had greater resistance to Fusarium ear rot and similar grain yield compared to the topcross of the recurrent parent FR1064. We also geno- typed selected lines at DNA markers linked to ear rot and fumonisin resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) identifi ed in the BC 1 generation of this cross to determine which QTL demon- strated allele frequency shifts due to selection. Markers linked to QTL on chromosomes 1 and 4 inherited the GE440 allele signifi cantly more often than expected by random chance.
Truthmaking and Difference-Making'

and so on, for all the propositions there are. Not for all the "that"-clauses there are. Some "that"-clauses fail to name propositions: for instance because of ungroundedness, or because the embedded sentence is a mere expression of feeling in the syntactic guise of a declarative sentence. Further, some propositions cannot be named by "that"-clauses. First, because there is an uncountable infinity of propositions, whereas there are only countably many "that"-clauses. Second, because some of the propositions, in fact most of them, cannot be named by "that"-clauses of finite length. Third, because some propositions cannot be named at all, not even at infinite length, since we lack names for alien properties that are nowhere to be found in our
A Perspective from the US on the Assessment of Quality of Care in Small Hospitals: Considerations for Australian Nurses in Rural Practice

: Stemming from geographic remoteness and sparse population density, rural communities throughout the world have comparable demographic profiles, similar interpersonal dynamics and share common concerns regarding access to health care services. Because of the number of commonalities among rural environments, health care providers around the world can learn from each other about effective ways to provide services to their clients. Likewise, by sharing experiences nurses can become sensitive to cultural, social and economic variations of rural people.
Assessing the Connection Between Higher Education Policy and Performance

In 1997, the state of South Dakota instituted an incentive program to reward institutions for performance related to state policy priorities. The program had a specified starting and ending point, running its course in 2002. This program provides a unique opportunity to study the connection between higher education policy and performance, an issue of central concern in most states as they try to maximize their use of existing state resources. The analysis uses literature and concepts from existing higher education studies as a guide to conduct the case study. The article outlines those areas where policy was most strongly connected to performance and speculates on why other areas may not have yielded such a link.
Analysis of the primary structure of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 cDNA from Werner syndrome fibroblasts.

The mRNA encoding insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) is equally overexpressed in late-passage (old) normal human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) and in HDF derived from individuals with the premature aging disorder Werner syndrome (WS), relative to early-passage (young) normal HDF. However, the accumulation of IGFBP-3 protein in medium conditioned by WS cells is substantially less than in medium of old cells. In an attempt to understand this disparity between mRNA levels and protein output, we determined the nucleotide sequence of IGFBP-3 cDNA isolated from a WS cDNA library derived from mRNA of WS HDF, and compared it to three published normal IGFBP-3 DNA sequences. In the open reading frame, our results differed from one of the three sequences by a glycine substitution for alanine at residue 32. Minor differences in the 3′-untranslated region between the WS cDNA sequence and all three of the normal DNA sequences were also detected as 12 individual base substitutions and one adenine inserti...
Proving Theorems About Java-Like Byte Code

We describe a formalization of an abstract machine very similar to the Java Virtual Machine but far simpler. We develop techniques for specifying the properties of classes and methods for this machine. We develop techniques for mechanically proving theorems about classes and methods. We discuss two such proofs, that of a static method implementing the factorial function and of an instance method that destructively manipulates objects in a way that takes advantage of inheritance. We conclude with a brief discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this approach. The formalization and proofs are done with the ACL2 theorem proving system.
Immunosuppression and xenotransplantation of cells for cardiac repair

The death of highly vulnerable cardiomyocytes during ischemia leads to cardiac dysfunction, including heart failure. Due to limited proliferation of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes, the dead myocardium is replaced by noncontractile fibrotic tissue. Introducing exogenous cells to participate in the regeneration of infarcted myocardium has thus been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach. In view of the availability of various xenogeneic cells and fewer ethical and political concerns that surround human embryonic stem cells and fetal cardiomyocytes, cellular xenotransplantation may be a potential alternative approach for cardiac repair in humans. However, one of the most daunting challenges of xenotransplantation is immunorejection. This article summarizes the progress in cellular xenotransplantation for cardiac repair in experimental settings and the current understanding of possible immune responses following the engraftment of xenogeneic cells. The public attitude towards xenotransplantation is reportedly more favorable to receiving cells or tissues than a whole organ, but many scientific obstacles need to be overcome before the utilization of xenogeneic cells for cardiac repair in patients with heart disease becomes applicable to clinical practice.
Nanostructuring Polymers with Cyclodextrins

Publisher Summary When guest polymers are threaded by host Cyclodextrins (CDs) to form crystalline polymer-Cyclodextrins Inclusion Compounds (CDICs), the included polymer chains are highly extended and isolated from neighboring chains. The nano-threading of guest polymers into CDs to form ICs has added importance, because they can serve as model systems to probe various aspects of molecular recognition and supramolecular chemistry, which are so critical to life processes. This chapter discusses the observations that illuminate several important aspects of the nano-threading of polymers to form polymer-CD-ICs. It includes: (i) competitive CD threading of polymers with different chemical structures and molecular weights from their solutions containing suspended solid or dissolved CDs, (ii) the threading and insertion of undiluted liquid polymers into solid CDs, and (iii) the suspension of polymer A or B-CD-IC crystals in a solution of polymer B or A and observation of the transfer of polymer B or A from solution to displace polymer A or B and form polymer B or A-CD-ICs, without dissolution of the polymer-CD-ICs. Comparison of these observations has enabled an assessment of the relative importance of several factors as being crucial in the formation of CD-ICs with both polymer and small molecule guests and to the nano-threading of polymers in general.
Scope, phonology and morphology in an agglutinating language: Choguita Rarámuri (Tarahumara) variable suffix ordering

What is the nature of the interaction between scope, phonological conditions and morphologically specified precedence relations in determining affix combinatorics in morphologically complex languages? In depth studies of affix ordering patterns in typologically diverse languages reveal intricate interactions among multiple factors. Mixed scope/template systems, for instance, have been characterized as either involving scope taking precedence over templates [Athabaskan (Rice 2000)], or templates overriding scope [Chichewa (Hyman 2002, 2003) and Pulaar (Paster 2005)]. This paper makes an empirical contribution by documenting a novel type of affix order system of a previously unstudied language, Choguita Raramuri, a Uto-Aztecan language spoken in Mexico, which features free affix permutation, and which cannot be characterized as either ‘template-emergent’ or ‘scope-emergent’. In this agglutinating language, scope and morphological constraints are freely ranked, with phonological subcategorization overriding all other constraints. This paper also documents how semantically non-compositional suffix sequences may arise through priming effects and morphophonologically conditioned multiple exponence.
Proton beam emittance growth at RHIC

With significant beam intensity improvement in RHIC polarized proton runs in 2005 and 2006, the emittance growth becomes a luminosity limiting factor. The beam emittance growth has a dependence on the dynamic pressure rise, which in RHIC proton runs is mainly caused by the electron cloud. The beam instability is usually absent, and the emittance growth rate is much slower than the ones caused by the head-tail instability. It is suspected that the emittance growth is caused by the electron cloud below the instability threshold.
The effect of diet on autogenous immunity to mouse mammary tumor virus in c3h/bi mice.

Antibody levels to mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) in sera of C3H/Bi, C57BL/6 and AKR mice were assayed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was found that antibody levels to MuMTV were highest in sera of C3H/Bi females which have a high incidence of breast cancer and low in male C3H/Bi and female C3H/Bi foster-nursed on C57BL/6 females. Sera of C57BL/6 and AKR mice showed very low or undetectable levels of antibody to MuMTV. Reduction of caloric intake sufficient to inhibit mammary tumor formation strikingly inhibited formation of antibody against MuMTV. The lowest levels of antibody were observed in sera of mice fed 10 cal/day of a defined diet. Significantly higher levels developed in the sera of mice fed 16 cal/day of the same defined diet. The highest antibody levels against MuMTV, however, were seen in sera of mice fed lab chow ad libitum but no correlation was evident between levels of antibody and tumor size. These studies indicate that dietary caloric restriction has a profound influence on the development of both mammary adenocarcinoma and antibody responses to MuMTV.
Virtualization polling engine (VPE): using dedicated CPU cores to accelerate I/O virtualization

Virtual machine (VM) technologies are making rapid progress and VM performance is approaching that of native hardware in many aspects. Achieving high performance for I/O virtualization remains a challenge, however, especially for high speed networking devices such as 10 Gigabit Ethernet 10 GbE) NICs. Traditional software-based approaches to I/O virtualization usually suffer significant performance degradation compared with native hardware. Hardware-based approaches that allow direct device accessin VMs can achieve good performance, albeit at the expense of increased hardware cost and increased complexity in achieving tasks such as VM checkpointing, migration, and record/reply.Recently, the trend in microprocessor design has shifted from achieving higher CPU frequencies to putting more cores in a single chip, thus the cost of each core is rapidly decreasing. In this paper, we propose a new I/O virtualization approach called the Virtualization Polling Engine (VPE). VPE introduces a concept called virtualization onload, which takes advantage of dedicated CPU cores to help with the virtualization of I/O devices by using an event-driven execution model with dedicated polling threads. It can significantly reduce virtualization overhead and achieve performance close to the hardware-based approaches without requiring special hardware support.Using our VPE approach, we developed a prototype called KVM-VPE to provide Ethernet virtualization support for KVM. Our experiments in a 10GbE testbed showed that VPE significantly outperformed the original KVM. In Netperf TCP tests our prototype achieved over 5 times the bandwidth for transmitting (Tx) and over 3 times the bandwidth for receiving (Rx) compared with the original KVM. KVM-VPE also supports direct user application access to the virtual Ethernet interfaces and achieved 7.4 μs end-to-end latency between two VMs on different machines in our testbed. Overall, our research demonstrated that VPE is a promising approach to high performance I/O virtualization in the coming multicore era.
Bacteriologic Examination of Guinea Pig Milk

Abstract A technique for collecting guinea pig milk for bacteriologic examination has been described. One hundred and twenty-five milk samples from 21 multiparous guinea pigs during their first 2 weeks of lactation were collected. Microorganisms were isolated from 51.2% of the samples. Of the 64 positive samples, single isolates were obtained from each of 52 samples whereas 12 samples had 2 or 3 different types of microorganisms. Micrococcus spp., α-hemolytic Streptococcus spp., and Enterococcus spp. were isolated from most of the milk samples. Other bacteria isolated were in the order, unidentified bacilli, coliform, Staphylococcus aureus , and a β-hemolytic Streptococcus sp. The results of this investigation indicated that guinea pigmilk contains microorganisms similar to other milk producing animals.
Reliability engineering approach to digital watermark evaluation

Robust watermarks are evaluated in terms of image fidelity and robustness. We extend this framework and apply reliability testing to robust watermark evaluation. Reliability is the probability that a watermarking algorithm will correctly detect or decode a watermark for a specified fidelity requirement under a given set of attacks and images. In reliability testing, a system is evaluated in terms of quality, load, capacity and performance. To measure quality that corresponds to image fidelity, we compensate for attacks to measure the fidelity of attacked watermarked images. We use the conditional mean of pixel values to compensate for valumetric attacks such as gamma correction and histogram equalization. To compensate for geometrical attacks, we use error concealment and perfect motion estimation assumption. We define capacity to be the maximum embedding strength parameter and the maximum data payload. Load is then defined to be the actual embedding strength and data payload of a watermark. To measure performance, we use bit error rate (BER) and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve of a watermarking algorithm for different attacks and images. We evaluate robust watermarks for various quality, loads, attacks, and images.
Validation of a brief, screening measure of low-income pre-kindergarteners’ science and engineering knowledge

Abstract Despite their importance for developing higher-level reasoning and communication skills, science and engineering represent domains that are often untaught and untested in pre-kindergarten (Evangelou et al., 2010; Greenfield et al., 2009). Science assessment is not common, in part, because measures of young children's scientific knowledge are not currently available for at-scale use. In a sample of 327 children (mean age 4.45 years) from predominately low-income backgrounds, we examined the psychometric properties of a new screening measure of young children's science and engineering knowledge. We present findings regarding test-retest reliability, internal consistency, construct validity, and concurrent validity of the new measure. Results indicate adequate psychometric properties across examined areas for the new measure, including strong concurrent correlation (r = .80) with a standardized diagnostic science measure, the Preschool Science Assessment (Greenfield et al., 2014). However, both science measures were moderately correlated with children's general vocabulary knowledge (r = .65–.70), indicating overlap between these constructs. Discussion focuses on the importance of measuring young children's science and engineering knowledge as a first step toward increasing teachers' awareness of these high-priority instructional domains.
Assessment of barley quality

Abstract Barley cultivars and breeding lines are evaluated for malting and nutritional quality in the Washington State University barley breeding program as the development of ‘multipurpose’ two- and six-row varieties is the overall breeding objective. Early generation screening for malting quality has been done successfully by micromalting procedures in the laboratory followed by larger scale tests in USDA and industry facilities. Efforts to breed proanthocyanidin-free (ant) barley grain are under way to overcome the chill haze problem in beer. Fifty-two ant mutants have been induced thus far in American varieties and initial agronomic and quality evaluations have been favorable. Nutritional quality of barley grain is assessed through feeding trials, primarily with chicks. The determination of limiting factors in barley utilization by non-ruminants has concentrated on β-glucans, fiber and lysine. β-glucans appear to be negative factors based on initial correlated responses. Increasing grain lysine availability is being approached by seeking and accumulating higher lysine-containing hordeins (the most prominent protein fraction in the grain) hopefully to overcome the prevailing shrunken endosperm association in high lysine barley conditioned by the major genes in use worldwide. Nutritional evaluations of straw samples of 30 barley varieties indicated that wide variation occurs in protein, fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility, suggesting implications important to ruminant nutrition and barley breeding.
The United States Department of Energy's Environmental Management Program

The year 2009 marks 20 years since the Environmental Management program was first established in the Department of Energy. At that time, nearly 50 years of nuclear activity had left a legacy that included nuclear waste and environmental contamination at more than 100 sites across the United States. The extent of the risk to our citizens and communities was unknown, and certainly many of the processes and technologies to reduce that risk had not yet been invented. Since then, the Department of Energy has closed 86 of 108 sites originally assigned to the program nationwide. The Department of Energy has packaged and safely stored the nation’s entire excess plutonium inventory. The Department has pioneered new technologies that have allowed progress in retrieving millions of liters of tank waste and safely disposing of tens of thousands of cubic meters of transuranic waste. In Fiscal years 2006 and 2007 alone, the Department of Energy demolished approximately 500 buildings (nuclear, radioactive, and industrial) as part of our decontamination and decommissioning projects. Finally, there have been great strides in restoring groundwater contaminated with radionuclides using innovative treatment systems. In August 2005, a rigorous project management system was instituted. This Department of Energy program was built on the principle of prioritizing risk reduction supported by our four guiding tenets of safety, performance, clean-up, and closure. The mission activities at our clean-up sites are targeted at our highest risk activities. In planning its environmental clean-up efforts and developing the budget for those activities, the Department seeks to focus on work that will produce the greatest environmental benefit and the largest amount of risk reduction.
Survey of handwriting instruction practices of elementary teachers and educational programs: implications for occupational therapy.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of elementary school teachers on training in handwriting instruction received during their education, as well as their current classroom practices. The quantity and quality of training in handwriting instruction provided by baccalaureate degree-granting teacher education programs in North Carolina was also examined. An online survey was administered to each population identified to inquire about handwriting instruction practices. Results from 505 teachers and 16 professors indicated that while handwriting instruction content is valued by both teachers and professors, varied levels of training were provided to the teachers. Implications for occupational therapy practice are discussed including strategies for school-based therapists.
Responsiveness of the Figure-of-eight Tape Measurement to Detect Hand Size Changes of Patients with Acute and Chronic Hand Pathologies

The objective of this study was to determine if the figure-of-eight tape measurement method is as responsive to detect hand size changes as the volumeter is when applied by experienced hand therapists in a clinical setting. The hand sizes of 25 outpatient hand therapy patients were assessed by five trained hand therapists at initial examination, and after a minimum of two weeks of therapy, utilising both the figure-of-eight hand measurement and the volumeter technique. Dependent samples t-tests (two tailed, alpha = 0.05) were used to determine significant changes in hand size from initial to follow-up assessments. Effect size (d) and Standardized Response Mean (SRM) were used to determine the relative responsiveness of the two measures. The t-test results indicated statistically significant differences in hand size from pre- to post-test with both measures (p<.05). Effect size results showed similar responsiveness to changes in hand size (d=0.19 volumeter and 0.26 figure-of-eight; SRM=1.04 volumeter and S...
Rhizosphere effect of soil enzymes under different rice varieties grown in AMD polluted paddy soil

To compare the difference of soil biological characteristics between rice Oryza sativa L. cv. Choukoukoku(OSC) and Oryza sativa L. cv. Jinnongsimiao(OSJ) that has a high and low absorption capacity of cadmium, respectively, the changes of urease, acid phosphatase and hydrogen peroxidase activities in rhizosphere soil of two rice varieties at four growth stages(tillering stage, booting stage, flowering stage and milk ripe stage) were investigated by using multiple lattice layer rhizobox system. The soil samples were taken from the multi-metal contaminated paddy soils due to the irrigation of acid mine drainage for more than 40 years. The results showed that the urease activity of OSC was lower than that of OSJ in the whole growth period. The highest urease activity in rhizosphere soil of two rice varieties was at tillering stage and in the root compartment(S0), then decreased with plant growth to reach the minimum at booting stage and increased thereafter till milk ripe stage. The soil urease activity of two rice varieties had no significant relationship with root distance in root compartments(S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, B). The soil acid phosphatase activity of OSC increased with plant growth and was highest at booting stage and decreased till milk ripe stage, however, the soil acid phosphatase activity of OSJ reached the maximum at tillering stage and then decreased gradually. The acid phosphatase activity of OSC was higher than that of OSJ at flowering stage and milk ripe stage except tillering stage. The soil hydrogen peroxidase activity of two rice varieties increased with plant growth and the soil hydrogen peroxidase activity of OSC was higher than that of OSJ throughout the period except milk ripe stage. In addition, the soil hydrogen peroxidase activity of two rice varieties was higher in root compartments(S0 and B) than in middle root compartments(S1, S2, S3, S4, S5), which was highest in root compartment(S0). Our results indicated that enzyme activities of rhizophere soil were remarkably affected by rice varieties, rice growth period and rice root system in multi-metal contaminated mining area. The results provide not only basic data for analyzing the correlationship between soil enzymes in multi-metal contaminated mining area and rice varieties that have different heavy metal accumulating abilities, but also evidence for agricultural production and soil restoration.
Urmus - An Environment For Mobile Instrument Design And Performance

UrMus is a multi-layered environment intended to support interface design, interaction design, interactive music performance and live patching on multi-touch mobile devices. Its design is based on suggestions from the HCI community for design for multiple target audiences and design for creativity. In addition UrMus is intended to be an environment for use directly on mobile devices and was not designed with legacy assumptions taken over from desktop computing. UrMus offers multiple component which all are replacable and offer ways to control computational cost, easy of programming and design as well as separation of representation and function. Ultimately UrMus tries to stay as flexible and independent from any particular design choice as possible and rather is an environment where mobile interaction design becomes possible.
Anatomic constraints for a total artificial heart in orthotopic heart transplant recipients

The anatomic constraints and design parameters for a heart prosthesis have not yet been defined in heart transplant recipients (i.e., the population most eligible for total artificial heart implantation). The parameters regarding anatomic constraints were measured in 26 consecutive patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (median body surface area 1.9 m2) after cardiectomy. A full-sized contour model of the cylindric total artificial heart (diameter 97 mm; width 81 mm) was inserted into the pericardial cavity to decide the pump configuration and to verify its fit. The dimensions of this model were based on the miniature electromechanical total artificial heart that is currently under development. Fit was found to be adequate in most of the cases with no identifiable compression of adjacent vascular structures. The median intraoperative measurements that define pericardial constraints for a heart prosthesis were pericardial length (130 mm), width (160 mm), and depth (140 mm). We also took measurements from the excised hearts, which should provide a useful reference for other prosthetic devices. The current dimensions of our implantable total artificial heart were found acceptable for orthotopic implantation. Length of the pericardium and cardiothoracic ratio were identified as variables related to adequacy of fit.
Development and regulation of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat: enzymatic and nutritional studies

Essential human hypertension is a multifactorial disease. Genetic, dietary and environmental influences contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension (Meneely and Battarbee, 1976; Paul, 1977). The several strains of rat which become hypertensive in a spontaneous but highly predictable fashion are recognized as the most appropriate experimental models for the investigation of essential hypertension (Folkow and Hallback, 1977). The most widely used of these strains is the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) developed by Okamoto and Aoki in the early 1960’s by selective inbreeding of slightly hypertensive individuals from a large population of normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto substrain (WKY) (Okamoto, 1969). The development and maintenance of hypertension in the SHR resembles hypertension in the human in that: 1) The developing or “labile” phase in the SHR occurs before the animal is mature whereupon a secondary, slower increase in blood pressure continues throughout the SHR’s life. 2) The life span of the SHR is abbreviated by about one third when compared to its normotensive progenitor, the WKY. 3) The cause of death in the SHR has generally been due to end-organ damage consequent to the elevated blood pressure.
Hessenberg Reduction with Transient Error Resilience on GPU-Based Hybrid Architectures

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have been seeing widespread adoption in thefield of scientific computing, owing to the performance gains provided oncomputation-intensive applications. In this paper, we present the design andimplementation of a Hessenberg reduction algorithm immune to simultaneoussoft-errors, capable of taking advantage of hybrid GPU-CPU platforms. Thesesoft-errors are detected and corrected on the fly, preventing the propagationof the error to the rest of the data. Our design is at the intersection betweenseveral fault tolerant techniques and employs the algorithm-based faulttolerance technique, diskless checkpointing, and reverse computation to achieveits goal. By utilizing the idle time of the CPUs, and by overlapping bothhost-side and GPU-side workloads, we minimize the resilience overhead. Experimental results have validated our design decisions as our algorithmintroduced less than 2% performance overhead compared to the optimized, butfault-prone, hybrid Hessenberg reduction.
Proof Without Words: Each But Two Triangular Numbers Is a Sum of Three Triangular Numbers

SummaryWe show wordlessly that each triangular number except 1 and 6 is a sum of three triangular numbers.
Abstract 3552: Regulation of immune homeostasis by direct activator BH3-only proteins

The BH3-only proteins BIM, BID, and PUMA have emerged as both inhibitors of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins and direct activators of the pro-apoptotic executioner proteins BAX and BAK, and have been implicated in regulating immune cell homeostasis. For example, BIM is a master regulator of B and T cells and its deletion in mice causes splenomegaly and lymphocytosis. Although deletion of Bid or Puma do not grossly impact murine hematopoietic organs, loss of each can protect lymphocytes from certain forms of cell death. Combined deletion of Puma and Bim causes increased lymphocytosis and spontaneous development of B-cell lymphoma, while loss of BID and BIM leads to delayed T cell contraction following antigen-mediated proliferation. To investigate the role of direct activator BH3-only proteins in regulating the adaptive immune response over time, we performed peripheral lymphocyte analyses on single and combinatorial knock-outs of Bim, Puma, and Bid. Select genotypes, such as Bim −/− , Bim −/− Puma −/− , and Bim −/− Puma −/− Bid −/− mice, show lymphocytosis early in life but, unexpectedly, counts were observed to gradually normalize by 40 weeks of age. Given the dominant role of BIM in immune cell homeostasis, we investigated whether this phenotype was dictated by global deletion of Bim or intrinsic to T or B cell-specific Bim deletion. In generating and analyzing Lck-cre and CD19-cre Bim floxed animals, we found that T cell-specific Bim deletion recapitulated early lymphocyte expansion followed by contraction, whereas the lymphocytosis of mice with B cell-specific Bim deletion showed no age-related changes. Further characterization of aged Lck-cre Bim floxed mice revealed spleen weights similar to wild type mice, and thymocytes with increased sensitivity to a range of apoptotic stimuli; these mice also have an increased percentage of regulatory T cells compared to similarly aged wild-type mice, as has been reported for globally-deleted Bim −/− animals. To determine the mechanism underlying the observed lymphocyte contraction, we performed qRT-PCR analysis for a panel of BCL-2 family proteins. We find that aged Lck-cre Bim floxed mice manifest upregulation of a series of BH3-only transcripts, including Puma and Bid, reflective of an intriguing compensatory mechanism to remedy, over time, the lymphocytosis that derives from Bim deletion in T cells. These studies provide new insight into the complexity and dynamism underlying BH3-only regulation of immune cell homeostasis during health, disease, and aging. Citation Format: Lindsey M. Ludwig, Lauren E. Roach, Jill K. Fisher, Loren D. Walensky, James L. LaBelle. Regulation of immune homeostasis by direct activator BH3-only proteins. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3552.
A Conceptual Review of Human Resource Management Systems in Strategic Human Resource Management Research

A distinguishing feature of strategic human resource management research is an emphasis on human resource (HR) systems, rather than individual HR practices as a driver of individual and organizational performance. Yet, there remains a lack of agreement regarding what these systems are, which practices comprise these systems, how these systems operate, and how they should be studied. Our goal in this paper is to take a step toward identifying and addressing several conceptual and methodological issues regarding HR systems. Conceptually, we argue that HR systems should be targeted toward some strategic objective and operate by influencing (1) employee knowledge, skills, and abilities, (2) employee motivation and effort, and (3) opportunities for employees to contribute. Methodologically, we explore issues related to the relationships among policies and practices, sampling issues, identifying the appropriate referent group(s), and who should serve as key informants for HR system studies.
Strong Stimulated Mie Scattering From Plasmonic CuS Nanocrystals in Toluene or Pentane

We report here strong stimulated Mie scattering (SMS) from a grating formed by optically redistributed plasmonic CuS nanocrystals (NCs), which exhibit a strong near-infrared localized surface plasmon resonance. We demonstrate that CuS NCs dispersed in a solvent, such as toluene or pentane, interact strongly with light due to their large polarizability that arises from their high concentration of free charge carriers. The NCs redistribute in the intensity grating that is formed by the interference of forward pump light with backward Mie scattered light. This alignment generates a Bragg grating of CuS NCs, which produces efficient reflection to the plasmonically enhanced backward Mie scattering. We report SMS from CuS NCs suspended in toluene at varying concentrations, pumped by ∼816-nm and ∼10-ns laser pulses. At the optimum concentration and for a 2-cm cuvette length, the reflectivity (energy transfer efficiency from the input pump to the backward SMS) reached 29%, and the pump energy threshold was 4.8 times lower than that of stimulated Brillouin scattering in pure toluene. The time delay of the backward SMS pulse observed at lower pump energy levels is consistent with reflection from a grating formed by spatial redistribution due to drift mobility of nanoparticles. Changing the solvent from toluene to pentane that has lower viscosity, reduced the delay time, which is also consistent with the nanoparticle redistribution model. The temporal behavior, spectral line shape, and far-field distribution of the backward SMS are presented.
Topics in Ion Photodissociation

The ICR spectrometer has come to be recognized as one of the best ways of looking at the photochemistry of gas-phase ions, and by the same token, ion photochemistry is an important, lively and (to take a biased view) exceptionally interesting area of ICR research. There are at least five ICR laboratories following such studies, all of them represented at the 1981 ICR Conference at Mainz, and pursuing a variety of aspects of ICR photochemistry. Here, the aim will not be to survey this field, but rather to note some of the different ideas and perspectives that have been current in our laboratory recently. (Recent reviews [1–41 are more comprehensive).
Tomographic Phase Microscopy

In visualizing transparent biological cells and tissues, the phase contrast microscope and its related techniques have been a cornerstone of nearly every cell biology laboratory. However, phase contrast methods are inherently qualitative and lack in 3-D imaging capability. We introduce a novel tomographic microscopy for quantitative three-dimensional mapping of refractive index in live cells and tissues using a phase-shifting laser interferometric microscope with variable illumination angle.
Using High-Resolution Simulations to Quantify Errors in Radar Estimates of Tornado Intensity

AbstractObservation experiments are performed on a set of high-resolution large-eddy simulations of translating tornado-like vortices. Near-surface Doppler wind measurements are taken by emulating ...
Comparing the simplified and international autoimmune hepatitis group criteria in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background and aims: Although highly sensitive and specific, the revised International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) diagnostic criteria for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are cumbersome to use in clinical practice and rely upon a number of autoantibodies that are costly and are not widely available. The simplified scoring system for AIH attempts to rectify the complexity of the IAIHG criteria. To date, there have been few studies assessing the specificity of the simplified score for AIH when applied to patients with cholestatic liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the specificity of the simplified scoring system for AIH as compared to the revised IAIHG criteria in a large cohort of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Methods: The patient population consisted of 147 patients enrolled in two prospective trials at the Mayo Clinic examining the use of ursodeoxycholic acid in PSC. All of the patients underwent baseline blood work (including standard serologic testing to exclude other liver diseases), liver biopsy, and cholangiogram to confirm PSC. Demographic, laboratory, and histologic data were extracted for each subject. Simplified and revised IAIHG scores were calculated for each subject and compared. Results: The simplified scoring system identified 2 patients with probable AIH and no patients with definite AIH. Comparatively, the revised IAIHG scoring system identified no patients with probable or definite AIH. Conclusion: As with the revised IAIHG criteria, the simplified scoring system for AIH has excellent specificity when applied to a PSC population.
The Evolution of Size and Growth in Harvested Natural Populations

Fishing and other forms of harvesting have genetic as well as demographic impact on natural populations. Quantitative genetics can provide predictions of the evolutionary changes in growth caused by harvesting. This paper briefly reviews recently developed methods useful for making these predictions. The approach is illustrated with data from rainbow trout. Results show that even moderate fishing pressure is expected to produce marked evolutionary changes in growth and fecundity within only a few generations. The changes can substantially decrease the economic value of the population. The quantitative genetic approach can be integrated with other current efforts to incorporate an evolutionary dimension into existing demographic models for the management of harvested natural populations.
Association Between Sarcopenia and AFP Level in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Abstract Background Sarcopenia is one of the most common complications of cirrhosis. Liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of choice for patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that are unsuitable for resection. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 163 patients transplanted at our institution with HCC from 1998 to 2016. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the skeletal muscle mass on computed tomography imaging using SliceOmatic 5.0 software at L3 level (≤52.4 cm2/m2 in males and ≤38.5 cm2/m2 in females). Results From the 163 patients who underwent LT for HCC, 119 had available computed tomography scan. From those, 61 were identified as sarcopenic by lumbar skeletal muscle index (LSMI), of which 53 patients were male (86.9%) with a median age of 59 y (56-64). The most common etiologies of cirrhosis were hepatitis C virus infection (55.7%) and alcohol liver disease (46.7%). A multivariable analysis was performed to find predictors of sarcopenia. Alpha-fetoprotein level >100 mg/dL (OR, 6.577; 95% CI: 1.370-51.464; P = 0.034) and gender (male) (OR, 5.878; 95% CI: 1.987-20.054; P = 0.002) were independently associated with the presence of sarcopenia in this cohort. Patients in the lowest quartile for LSMI had prolonged length of stay compared to the rest of the patients (P = 0.029). Conclusions Alpha-fetoprotein level >100 mg/dL is associated with almost 6-fold increased risk of sarcopenia in patients with HCC undergoing LT. Patients in the lowest quartile of the LSMI are associated with 70% increased risk of prolonged length of stay in this cohort.
Using Case-Method Pedagogy to Facilitate Audience Awareness

Introduction: Technical and professional communication (TPC) instructors value audience awareness, using peer- and client-based projects to facilitate it. We explore how students’ audience awareness is facilitated by the case method, which presents students with a professional communication task within a workplace scenario. Situating the case: Case-method research suggests including a detailed audience and situation, multiple genres, and multimedia. Few studies have explored how case materials facilitate students’ audience awareness. About the case: A 12-week case that was consistent with case-method research asked students to respond to an engineering firm's internal problem with a proposal and report. How the case was studied: Students from two sections of a genre-based course completed reflections about their audience awareness after the proposal and report. We qualitatively analyzed 51 reflections. Results/discussion: Students stated they could understand the facts about their primary audience but couldn't identify secondary and tertiary audiences. Students stated they could identify audience needs, but they disagreed about the amount of detail to understand those needs. Also, students stated they could respond to the audience using appropriate evidence and writing style. Conclusions: When using the case method, instructors should know that students may need varying levels of detail to interpret their audience's needs. Also, including data and conflicting needs gives students opportunities to make strategic decisions about content.
Pediatric Surgeon Perceptions of Participation in External Patient Safety Programs: impact on Patient Safety.

Introduction Surgeons play a crucial role in preventing harm and contributing to the safety culture of their institutions. External safety data programs are designed to review adverse events and provide performance benchmarks to ameliorate future adverse events. The extent to which pediatric surgeons are aware of these programs, utilize data from these programs, and believe that they improve patient safety, is unknown. Methods A cross-sectional survey of the American Pediatric Surgical Association membership was conducted to evaluate participation in and attitudes toward national safety benchmark programs (eg, National Surgical Quality Improvement Program). Surgeons' perceptions of these activities, including barriers to participation and utilization of safety data, were measured. We performed standard frequency analyses and tests of associations between surgeon characteristics and the likelihood of utilizing safety data. Results The response rate was 38% (353/928). Seventy-two percentage of respondents reported institutional participation in external safety benchmark programs. Of those, only 68% utilized data to improve or monitor patient safety. Surgeon-reported barriers to this process included lack of knowledge, time, and institutional resources. Conclusions Many pediatric surgeons are aware of institutional participation in external safety data programs, but only a portion are involved in the utilization of these data. We have identified several barriers to participation and data utilization. These findings can help direct educational efforts to optimize our ability to learn from adverse event benchmarking and improve pediatric surgical care.