cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Salonica’s Jews”: A Metropolitan History

This essay provides a concluding summary of the volume as a whole, showing how it breaks down into historical and theoretical/methodological components and considering the ways in which the volume pushes forward our understanding of Salonican Jewish history by revealing it to be at once a Jewish history, an Ottoman history, and an urban history. In addition to providing a brief summary of each of the contributions to the volume, it aims to synthesize their collective impact by situating the volume as whole within the varied historiographies that to date have considered the history of Salonica’s Jews.
Sensitive luciferin derived probes for selective carboxypeptidase activity

Highly selective luminescent probes, QLUC-TYR and LUC-GLU, for detection of carboxypeptidase activity were synthesized. Caged substrates were first cleaved by corresponding carboxypeptidases, and then they were activated by luciferase to emit light. Enzymatic activities of biologically important carboxypeptidases can be determined using this technology.
Novel thin-film heat flux sensors

A new and simpler design for thin-film heat flux sensors for utilization in high heat flux environments is presented. The design of these sensors consists of a planar differential thermopile made up of a number of thermocouple pairs arranged in a circular array, two different thermal resistance layers deposited on the inside and outside junctions of the thermopile and a high emissivity coating. This design has shown good potential for measuring heat fluxes in severe environments of aerospace propulsion systems.
Part 2: Ovarian failure in adolescent cancer survivors should be treated.

Abstract Teenage girls who have survived childhood and adolescent cancer are at risk of losing ovarian function as a result of treatment. This iatrogenic complication may compromise their ability to conceive in the future. In addition, the more immediate consequence is interference in the physical, sexual, and psychosocial development of the female adolescent and her ability to “graduate” into young adulthood. This paper lends strong support to meticulous, graduated hormone replacement, mimicking Tanner’s stages of pubertal development, to allow smooth transition of adolescent cancer survivors into adulthood.
Separation Anxiety as a Mediator Between Acute Morphine Administration and PTSD Symptoms in Injured Children

Emerging evidence suggests that individuals who receive morphine while hospitalized demonstrate a decrease in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanisms of effects are not yet well understood. The goal of the current study was to examine three possible mediators for this effect. Sixty-one injured (burns, motor vehicle accidents, falls, and assaults) children were assessed during hospitalization and again 3 months post discharge. Assessment included acute and follow-up child report measures of pain, PTSD, and anxiety symptoms, as well as a medical record review for medication administration and pulse during hospitalization. Pathway analyses were conducted to test the potential mediating roles of pain reduction, noradrenergic attenuation, and separation anxiety on the association between morphine and PTSD. Results suggest that a reduction in separation anxiety may mediate the association between morphine administration and PTSD symptom reduction at 3 months. These findings have implications for our understanding of morphine's effects on psychological functioning following an acute injury and for direct clinical care.
Holographic and photographic studies of high‐quality steam‐water critical flow

High-quality (95%) steam-water critical flow through a straight pipe was studied using high-speed photographic and holographic techniques. The results indicate that most of the water exists as a discontinuous or continuous thin film which flows along the wall with a speed much slower than that of the steam. This results in slip ratios higher than those reported before. Although a separated flow model would seem to describe the actual flow situation more closely than other models, the assumption of thermal equilibrium between phases and the fact that the flow is not separated except close to the exit plane are probably explanations for differences in slip ratios obtained in this study from those predicted.
Peanuts, Pogo, and Hobbes: A Newspaper Editor's Journey through the World of Comics George Lockwood. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2013.

Peanuts, Pogo, and Hobbes: A Newspaper Editor's Journey through the World of Comics George Lockwood. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2013.Peanuts, Pogo, and Hobbes is a loose and baggy monster of a book, cobbled together mostly from republished and lightly revised essays that seem randomly organized. But the result is nonetheless a joy to savor because the material was selected and arranged by a savvy connoisseur. George Lockwood, a child of the Great Depression, never lost his love for the newspaper's daily black-and-white strips and the color Sunday comic inserts. When he became a newspaper editor of the Milwaukee Journal in the 1960s, one of his jobs was deciding which strips to add and drop. Because of that, he got to meet legendary comics artists like Walt Kelly (who wrote him into a strip by drawing his nickname "OF Journal George" on the side of Pogo's swamp rowboat), Al Capp, Milton Caniff, Bill Mauldin, Chester Gould, Charles Schultz, Garry Trudeau, and Bill Watterson. This book is his charmingly chatty "comic strip memoir" (xv).Lockwood has an insider's understanding for how things worked in the business. For instance, artists create their strip but traditionally don't own it. Instead they draw for middlemen syndicates like King Features and Scripps, which hawk each strip to newspapers. Happily, some artists may get involved in marketing by sending sample artwork to entice editors. Lockwood devotes one memorable chapter to his private stash of one-off drawings (some custom-made for him) that promote or introduce classic strips.He revels in gossipy personal details about artists. Take for instance Milton Caniff, who had the first successful comeback in comics history. In 1946 Caniff quit "Terry and the Pirates," the syndicate-owned strip that had made him famous. He wanted to control his own work, which he did a year later with his second big-hit strip, "Steve Canyon." The keys to his fame were threefold: the best artwork in the business, cliffhanging military plotlines for each episode, and-most of alltantalizingly drawn gorgeous dames. Caniff's pinup pizzazz could stop the breath of adolescent and adult males. Aficionados cherish the likes of Terry's femme fatale Dragon Lady, Steve's sweet Summer Smith (and perhaps the sexiest comics dame ever, scantily clad Miss Lace from the strip "Male Call," published exclusively for WWII GIs). Unfortunately Caniff's work was so strongly associated with the armed forces that the Vietnam antiwar backlash killed his popularity. …
Implementing statistical acoustic characterization of urban terrain into a decision support tool

Statistics-based characterizations of acoustic propagation, namely, fading and coherence, are being developed as functions of urban terrain zones. The fading and coherence curves are characterized for each of several urban terrain zones of interest, and the resulting curves are parameterized as a function of frequency and distance from the source. With the parameters for signal fading and coherence as a function of frequency, distance to source, and urban terrain zone type, the decision support tool SPEBE (Sensor Performance Evaluator for Battle-space Environments) is extended to urban areas. Combined with a separate effort characterizing background noise levels as functions also of urban terrain zones, a tool for predicting probability of detection for various sources in urban areas is demonstrated.
The Effects of Ceiling Rules on the Internal Consistency Reliability of a Mathematics Achievement Test

This study compared the estimates of reliability made using one, two, three, four, five, and unlimited consecutive failures as ceiling rules in scoring a mathematics achievement test. The total score for each individual became the sum of the correct responses prior to the point described by the ceiling rule. The results of this study indicated that the estimate of reliability using two, three, four, and five consecutive failures as the ceiling rules were an improvement over the methods using one and unlimited consecutive failures.
Vacuum contoured, liquid crystal, dynamic breast thermoangiography as an aid to mammography in the detection of breast cancer

New thermographic equipment is introduced in the form of liquid crystals embedded in flexible, transparent, elastomeric sheaths which may be vacuum contoured to any breast. Dynamic thermoangiography, a new physiological method of performing thermography with these liquid crystal sheaths, is presented. Thermographic changes are recorded during active skin cooling and rewarming with liquid crystals in situ . The new system eliminates skin preparation previously required. Preliminary results appear to show good correlation with conventional telethermography. Vascular, as well as thermal pathology, is accentuated with rich, high contrast, thermographically calibrated colour patterns. The new system is relatively inexpensive, simple to operate, and may be suited to a programme for the detection of breast cancer.
Excretion of Sex Hormones in Abnormalities of Puberty123

THE INTERNAL SECRETIONS in childhood influence growth, metamorphosis and metabolic reactions. Growth rate and certain aspects of metabolism are easily studied. A different situation exists in regard to abnormalities of metamorphosis from childhood to adult life since they are not often recognized until the time when the normal changes should occur. Technics by which these processes may be more thoroughly studied have recently become available. Foremost among these is the determination of the sex hormones in the urine. In the last 6 years we have determined the levels of sex hormone excretion in children for evaluation as an index of future metamorphosis as well as for an index of abnormalities in development which had already become manifest. The information derived may thus be correlated with other data concerning these abnormalities. There are very few data on sex hormone excretion in abnormalities of childhood. This is because normal standards had not been established through childhood and puberty, and...
Executive GDSS: Behavioral considerations at individual, organizational, and environmental levels of analysis

This article emphasizes the importance of behavioral considerations at individual, organizational, and environmental levels of analysis when researching and evaluating the design, implementation, and use of group decision support systems (GDSS) within complex organizations. Discussion is based on interview and archival data collected on an executive level GDSS used within a corporate setting. Issues that are considered generalizable to organizational computing, coordination, and collaboration technologies concern (a) viewing organization participants as strategic, intuitive information processors, (b) understanding the importance of organizational power, politics, and situational constraints on decision making, and (c) appreciating the symbolic value of advanced information technologies to an organization's external environment.
Extent: Inferring Image Metadata from Context and Content

We present EXTENT, an image annotation system that combines the context and content information to annotate images with metadata that cannot be reliably inferred from either the context or the content alone. EXTENT first applies contextual information for restricting the search scope in an image database and reducing the complexity of ensuing content analysis. It can then afford to use more expensive (hence more robust) algorithms for performing content analysis within the restricted database scope. Our experiments show that effectively combining content with context information can infer metadata with high accuracy
Packing Circuits into K N

We shall pack circuits of arbitrary lengths into the complete graph KN. More precisely, if N is odd and ∑ti=1 mi = (N2), mi ≥ 3, then the edges of KN can be written as an edge-disjoint union of circuits of lengths m1,…,mt. Since the degrees of the vertices in any such packing must be even, this result cannot hold for even N. For N even, we prove that if ∑ti=1 mi ≤ (N2) − N−2 then we can write some subgraph of KN as an edge-disjoint union of circuits of lengths m1,…,mt. In particular, KN minus a 1-factor can be written as a union of such circuits when ∑ti=1 mi = (N2) − N−2. We shall also show that these results are best possible.
Varying the time delay of an action potential elicited with a neural-electronic stimulator

There have been various theoretical and experimental studies presented in the literature that focus on interfacing neurons with discrete electronic devices such as transistors. It has also been demonstrated experimentally that neural-electronic devices can be used to elicit action potentials in a target neuron in close proximity to the neural-electronic stimulator. The time delay between stimulus and the onset of the neural action potential can be varied by varying the pulse amplitude and width generated by the neural-electronic stimulator (transistor).
Series expansion of the defibrillating current in a spherical shells model

The electric field set up during a defibrillation shock can be investigated in a spherical shells model (SSM). Current is injected from defibrillation pads at the body surface, and the transmembrane potential can be calculated in the heart. The simplified geometry makes possible an analytical solution, which speeds up the simulations and provides good insight into the underlying physics. When the coefficients of the series expansion for the applied current are expressed in terms of Legendre polynomials, the computational speed of the SSM is boosted even further, and pad placement chosen much more freely. >
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) Scale

Abstract Context: Only a few scales measure confidence within sport; however, these scales are insufficient to measure confidence after athletic injuries. Therefore, better measures are needed to determine the psychological readiness of injured athletes to return to sport participation. Objective: To develop a scale that measures the psychological readiness of injured athletes to return to sport participation and to provide preliminary evidence of reliability and validity for the scale. Design: The Delphi method was used to develop the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport scale (I-PRRS). Two 1-way analyses of variance with repeated measures and 6 Pearson product moment correlations were computed to help validate the scale. Setting: Athletic training clinics at 3 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools. Patients or Other Participants: Four certified athletic trainers (ATs) and professors of Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education-accredited athletic training ...
Stem cell factor can overcome inhibition of highly purified human burst-forming units-erythroid by interferon gamma.

Highly purified human blood burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) were used to study the effects of interferon γ (IFNγ). IFNγ inhibited erythroid colony formation, cell proliferation, and differentiation of day 3 to day 6 mature BFU-E in a dose-dependent manner. The primitive BFU-E (day 1 and day 2 cells) and later day 7 cells were less affected. IFNγ dose-response experiments demonstrated that the number and size of erythroid colonies were reduced at a concentration of 500 U/ml with more complete inhibition at 1,000 U/ml. Inhibition of day 4 to day 6 erythroid progenitors was first noted by 72 h of incubation with IFNγ, and target cell growth and differentiation continued to decrease with further incubation. IFNγ also induced erythroblast apoptosis which was demonstrated by both nuclear condensation and fragmentation plus flow cytometry with in situ end-labelling. Because day 3 to day 6 cells need stem cell factor (SCF) for development in serum-free culture, the relationship of IFNγ inhibition to this growth factor was investigated. The reduction in the number of erythroid colonies by IFNγ was reversed by SCF although the colony size was not completely re-established. In contrast, interleukin-3 did not have the capacity to overcome the inhibitory effects of IFNγ. Since IFNγ blood levels are elevated in some anemias of chronic disease, IFNγ may have a role in promoting this anemia and its inhibitory effect might be better overcome by SCF plus EP. However, the mechanism by which these growth factors overcome the inhibition of IFNγ, or vice versa, is unknown at the present time. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Polymerization of Aliphatic Aldehydes (1)

Abstract Polyacetals of higher aliphatic aldehydes have been prepared as amorphous, elastomeric polymers and as crystalline, isotactic polymers. They are prepared by solution polymerization or bulk polymerization with appropriate cationic and anionic initiators at low temperature. The polyaldehydes obtained are thermally unstable and must be end-capped. Aliphatic aldehydes with such functional groups as alkoxy, cyano, vinyl, and epoxy that do not interfere with the polymerizations have also been polymerized. Glutaraldehyde and succinaldehyde have been cyclopolymerized to polyacetals consisting almost completely of pyrane and tetrahydrofuran rings. Copolymerization of higher aldehydes with other aldehydes, such as n-butyraldehyde with isobutyraldehyde or acetaldehyde with formaldehyde, have been described. Copolymers with comonomers other than aldehydes, namely with isocyanates, have recently been reported
A periodically forced Beverton-Holt equation

has a unique positive equilibrium K and all solutions with x0 . 0 approach K as t !1: This equation (known as the Beverton–Holt equation) arises in applications to population dynamics, and in that context K is the “carrying capacity” and r is the “inherent growth rate”. A modification of this equation that arises in the study of populations living in a periodically (seasonally) fluctuating environment replaces the constant carrying capacity K by a periodic sequence Kt of positive carrying capacities.
Empirical Bayes forecasting methods for job flow times

We consider the problem of forecasting multi-class job flow times in a resource-sharing environment. We assume the deviation of flow times in each class from the class nominal value follows an exponential distribution with its parameter following a gamma distribution. A large simulation experiment is conducted to assess and compare the performance of the Bayes and empirical Bayes forecasting methods under differing model assumptions. Simulation results show that non-parametric empirical Bayes methods are more efficient and robust relative to the parametric empirical Bayes.
Parameter estimation using sparse reconstruction with dynamic dictionaries

We consider the problem of parameter estimation for signals characterized by sums of parameterized functions. We present a dynamic dictionary subset selection approach to parameter estimation where we iteratively select a small number of dictionary elements and then alter the parameters of these dictionary elements to achieve better signal model fit. The proposed approach avoids the use of highly oversampled (and highly correlated) dictionary elements, which are needed in fixed dictionary approaches to reduce parameter bias associated with dictionary quantization. We demonstrate estimation performance on a sinusoidal signal estimation example.
The management of ductal and lobular breast cancer.

Breast cancer accounts for about 17% of all female noncutaneous malignancies and it is estimated that in the United States in 1999, more than 175,000 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosesd and 43,800 people will die [1]. According to the National Cancer Database, a continuous improvement in breast cancer care has been noted. More than half of all cases reported in 1995 were diagnosed as stage 0 or I disease compared with 42.5% in 1985 [2]. The treatment of operable primary breast cancer has also undergone a transformation in the last several decades. The standard operative procedure for the treatment of primary breast carcinoma has changed from the mastectomy to breast-conserving treatment. The results of prospective randomized trials and the results of large retrospective nonrandomized studies from single institutions have shown that mastectomy and breastconservation treatment are equally e!ective for appropriately selected patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Germline stem cell number in the Drosophila ovary is regulated by redundant mechanisms that control Dpp signaling.

The available experimental data support the hypothesis that the cap cells (CpCs) at the anterior tip of the germarium form an environmental niche for germline stem cells (GSCs) of the Drosophila ovary. Each GSC undergoes an asymmetric self-renewal division that gives rise to both a GSC, which remains associated with the CpCs, and a more posterior located cystoblast (CB). The CB upregulates expression of the novel gene, bag of marbles ( bam ), which is necessary for germline differentiation. Decapentaplegic (Dpp), a BMP2/4 homologue, has been postulated to act as a highly localized niche signal that maintains a GSC fate solely by repressing bam transcription. Here, we further examine the role of Dpp in GSC maintenance. In contrast to the above model, we find that an enhancer trap inserted near the Dpp target gene, Daughters against Dpp ( Dad ), is expressed in additional somatic cells within the germarium, suggesting that Dpp protein may be distributed throughout the anterior germarium. However, Dad-lacZ expression within the germline is present only in GSCs and to a lower level in CBs, suggesting there are mechanisms that actively restrict Dpp signaling in germ cells. We demonstrate that one function of Bam is to block Dpp signaling downstream of Dpp receptor activation, thus establishing the existence of a negative feedback loop between the action of the two genes. Moreover, in females doubly mutant for bam and the ubiquitin protein ligase Smurf , the number of germ cells responsive to Dpp is greatly increased relative to the number observed in either single mutant. These data indicate that there are multiple, genetically redundant mechanisms that act within the germline to downregulate Dpp signaling in the Cb and its descendants, and raise the possibility that a Cb and its descendants must become refractory to Dpp signaling in order for germline differentiation to occur.
Effects of dorsiflexor endurance exercises on foot drop secondary to multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.

Purpose This is a pilot study to determine if endurance exercises for dorsiflexors will improve walking for people with foot drop secondary to MS, and if improvement in muscle endurance for persons with MS can be predicted based on the amount of central fatigue (CF) in the muscle. Subjects Five individuals with foot drop secondary to MS and five age-matched controls. Methods The intervention was 4 sets of 10 isometric contractions, at 60% of MVC, 3X/week, 8 weeks. Pretests-posttests included a dorsiflexor endurance test with superimposed electrical stimulation to measure CF, and a gait assessment including measurement of dorsiflexion at initial contact. Results Two of 5 subjects with MS had significant improvement in muscle endurance in both legs and in dorsiflexor control during walking. Correlation between CF and improved endurance was not significant (r=-0.07). One of the subjects with significant improvement in endurance had a significant decrease in central activation failure. Conclusions and discussion For individuals with foot drop secondary to MS, endurance exercises for the dorsiflexors can result in improved walking. CF may not be useful in predicting whether a muscle will improve in endurance with exercise. Improvement may result from either a peripheral training effect, a central learning effect, or both.
EDITIONS OF LETTERS IN THE AGE OF THE VANISHING TEXT

Two fairly RECENT developments have affected our way of producing editions of Victorian letters and of thinking about them. In both theory and practice, however, the two developments pull in opposite directions. On the one hand, we have reached agreement that there should be a scholarly rationale ? editorial principles to be followed ? in producing an edition of letters. Editors may differ slightly as to what this rationale should be, but all agree that faithfulness to the holograph when it is available is imperative and that a critically established, single-version text is the "copytext." The editor of an edition of poems has to decide whether the manuscript, first publication in the author's lifetime, or final publication best expresses the author's intention, or whether the author's intention alone should determine the copytext. The editor of letters assumes that it is the author's intention we want and that the holo graph best expresses it. Only when the holograph is lost and all that remains are two or three published versions of a letter with no easy grounds for deciding which is the most reliable, does the letters-editor face the problems still haunting textual scholarship. Establishing editorial principles has been one development in recent years. The other has been the phenomenon of the disappearing text. As e-mail replaces traditional mail, not only is there often no reason to save "hard copy" but no possibility that this copy will differ from the version encoded on the hard drive (some scholars would disagree). More over, given the need to avoid overburdening the computer's memory and given the continuous changes in computer technology, the life of the encoded version may be brief. My guess is there will be few, if any, editions of letters written by figures born in the late twentieth century, and as the genre of "letters" becomes an antiquarian branch of litera ture we will be inclined to ask what it is that letters provide; and for us, what would be lost if we had no editions of Victorian letters.
What Comes After /f/? Prediction in Speech Derives From Data-Explanatory Processes

Acoustic cues are short-lived and highly variable, which makes speech perception a difficult problem. However, most listeners solve this problem effortlessly. In the present experiment, we demonstrated that part of the solution lies in predicting upcoming speech sounds and that predictions are modulated by high-level expectations about the current sound. Participants heard isolated fricatives (e.g., "s," "sh") and predicted the upcoming vowel. Accuracy was above chance, which suggests that fine-grained detail in the signal can be used for prediction. A second group performed the same task but also saw a still face and a letter corresponding to the fricative. This group performed markedly better, which suggests that high-level knowledge modulates prediction by helping listeners form expectations about what the fricative should have sounded like. This suggests a form of data explanation operating in speech perception: Listeners account for variance due to their knowledge of the talker and current phoneme, and they use what is left over to make more accurate predictions about the next sound.
Characterization of organic osmolytes in avian renal medulla: a nonurea osmotic gradient system

We measured the organic osmolytes present in the renal cortex and medullary cones of adult female domestic fowl before and after 48 h of water deprivation. Urine osmolality increased from 198 +/- 82 to 569 +/- 42 mosmol/kgH2O after water deprivation. In water-deprived birds, the major organic osmolytes, myoinositol, betaine, and taurine, in the medullary cones increased by 40, 100, and 24%, respectively, compared with control birds. No sorbitol was detected, and glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) content was not affected by water deprivation. In the renal cortex, only betaine content increased significantly (4.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.3 mmol/kg wet wt) after water deprivation. In this study, we demonstrated that birds, like mammals, accumulate organic osmolytes in response to the increased interstitial osmolality that occurs during antidiuresis. Because urea is nearly absent in the avian medullary interstitium, our observation that GPC is not osmoregulated in the avian kidney supports the idea that GPC is the "counteracting osmolyte" for urea in the mammalian kidney. Furthermore, the organic osmolytes present in avian medullary cones are remarkably similar to those of the mammalian outer medulla. This similarity may be relevant to the morphological analogy of the two regions.
Specificity of isoagglutinin response following injection of group substances into group O individuals.

The anti-A and anti-B titers in group O individuals may vary independently following injection of group-specific substances, although such independent variation was not always seen. The rise in anti-B which followed the injection of A sub stance in some instances may have been due to traces of B activity in the A substance or to nonspecific stimulation of antibody which may follow the injection of any antigen. The part played by such factors was not determined. It is concluded that the presence of A and B agglutinins in O individuals is not dependent on a single cellular characteristic responsible for the simultaneous formation of the isoagglutinins.
Nondestructive quality assessment of asphalt pavements based on dynamic modulus

Abstract Dynamic modulus has been recognized as an objective and sensitive material property for designing and evaluating pavement systems. To accurately measure the in situ elastic modulus ( E = 2(1 + ν) ρV s 2 ) for nondestructive quality assessment of asphalt pavements, field measurements of density ( ρ ) via an electromagnetic gauge and shear-wave velocity ( V s ) via surface-wave testing were examined for four paving projects covering a range of mixes and traffic loads. A quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) procedure was developed to correct the in situ moduli at different field temperatures to a common reference temperature using a fitting function from experimental data for QC and using master curves from laboratory dynamic modulus tests for QA. The corrected in situ moduli can then be compared against the maximum moduli for an assessment of the actual pavement performance.
Transient Constrictive Pericarditis: Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies

Transient constrictive pericarditis is increasingly recognized as a distinct sub-type of constrictive pericarditis. The underlying pathophysiology typically relates to impaired pericardial distensibility, associated with acute or sub-acute inflammation, rather than the fibrosis or calcification often seen in chronic pericardial constriction. Accordingly, patients may present clinically with concomitant features of pericarditis and constrictive physiology. Non-invasive multimodality imaging is advocated for diagnosis of transient constrictive pericarditis. Echocardiography remains the mainstay for initial evaluation of the dynamic features of constriction. However, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can provide complimentary functional information, with the addition of dedicated sequences to assess for active pericardial edema and inflammation. Although transient pericardial constriction can spontaneously resolve, institution of anti-inflammatory therapy may hasten resolution or even prevent progression to chronic pericardial constriction. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents remain the initial treatment of choice, with subsequent consideration of colchicine, steroids, and other immune-modulating agents in more refractory cases.
Abstract 708: Integrated analysis of drug resistance networks in breast cancer

Targeted inhibition of HER2 tyrosine kinase receptor presents a promising strategy in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. However, despite favorable response during the acute phase, majority of patients develop resistance to anti-HER2 drugs during the chronic phase of treatment. Here, we developed a cell culture model of chronic lapatinib (a dual inhibitor of EGFR and ERBB2 receptor tyrosine kinases) treatment by continuous passaging of HER2-overexpressing SKBR3 cells in increasing doses of lapatinib over a year. The resultant cell line, SKBR3-R, is almost 100-fold more resistant to lapatinib-induced growth inhibition when compared to the parental line. We have verified that this difference in lapatinib sensitivity is not due to altered expression or signaling at the level of HER2 or HER3 receptors in SKBR3-R cells. By integrating genome-wide gene expression profiling with our novel network-based genomic data analysis approach, we show that 1) cell toxicity mediated by acute lapatinib treatment in HER2-positive cells is associated with nutrient starvation and energy stress, and 2) chronic lapatinib treatment leads to the activation of compensatory cellular networks involved in the response to nutrient starvation, which confers resistance to lapatinib-induced cell death. Accordingly, while imposing a glucose starvation response phenotype on SKBR3 cells protects from lapatinib-mediated cell death, pharmacological inhibition of the nutrient starvation response in SKBR3-R cells reverses lapatinib resistance. In order to see if these networks play a role in breast cancer pathogenicity within clinical settings, we carried out a detailed network-based correlations of tumor gene expression profiles of breast cancer patients with their clinical data. Importantly, we found that the metabolic networks associated with lapatinib resistance are also associated with poor outcome within clinical settings. This study implicates nutrient deprivation response as a major factor in the acquired resistance of breast cancer cells to lapatinib, and suggests novel targets for combinatorial therapy of HER2-positive breast cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 708. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-708
Relation of Absorption Coefficients to Rate of Penetration of Dye into the Cell

Crystal violet penetrates slowly into the vacuolar sap of Nitella. Is this connected with the presence of 0.1 M KCl in the sap? To what extent can such an effect be interpreted by the multiple absorption coefficient theory? This theory deals only with rates and steady states (not with equilibrium); its basic principle is as follows: Other things being equal the rate of penetration of dye into the sap is a function of the concentration gradient (D'o—D's) of the dye in the plasma membrane: D'o and D's represent the concentrations of dye in the plasma membrane at the outer and inner phase boundaries, and are functions of the absorption coefficient∗ of the dye between the plasma membrane and the aqueous solution at the outer and inner phase boundaries. The rate is also a function of the diffusion coefficient of the dye in the plasma membrane.The following experiments were made to test these conceptions. Employing a cell model1 consisting of chloroform (representing the plasma membrane) placed between crystal ...
Angiotensin II receptors and peritoneal dialysis-induced peritoneal fibrosis

The vasoactive hormone angiotensin II initiates its major hemodynamic effects through interaction with AT1 receptors, a member of the class of G protein-coupled receptors. Acting through its AT1R, angiotensin II regulates blood pressure and renal salt and water balance. Recent evidence points to additional pathological influences of activation of AT1R, in particular inflammation, fibrosis and atherosclerosis. The transcription factor nuclear factor κB, a key mediator in inflammation and atherosclerosis, can be activated by angiotensin II through a mechanism that may involve arrestin-dependent AT1 receptor internalization. Peritoneal dialysis is a therapeutic modality for treating patients with end-stage kidney disease. The effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis at removing waste from the circulation is compromised over time as a consequence of peritoneal dialysis-induced peritoneal fibrosis. The non-physiological dialysis solution used in peritoneal dialysis, i.e. highly concentrated, hyperosmotic glucose, acidic pH as well as large volumes infused into the peritoneal cavity, contributes to the development of fibrosis. Numerous trials have been conducted altering certain components of the peritoneal dialysis fluid in hopes of preventing or delaying the fibrotic response with limited success. We hypothesize that structural activation of AT1R by hyperosmotic peritoneal dialysis fluid activates the internalization process and subsequent signaling through the transcription factor nuclear factor κB, resulting in the generation of pro-fibrotic/pro-inflammatory mediators producing peritoneal fibrosis.
Calculation for Electrode Heating of Metalized Film Capacitor

For the metalized film capacitors applied to AC or pulse discharge,the heating of the electrode is an assignable issue due to very thin metalized electrode and big electrode resistance. In case of remarkable temperature rise inside the capacitor,the dielectric performance of the medium will be reduced and the operation life will be greatly shortened. Therefore,it is necessary to calculate the electrode heating of the metalized film capacitor and evaluate its heating. In this paper,the electrode heating power and heating power density along the transverse direction of the capacitor are calculated,and the heating of constant sheet resistance and ramp sheet resistance are compared and analyzed.
Embolization to Control Iatrogenic Ureteral Hemorrhage: A Case Report

AbstractGross hematuria following percutaneous or endourological intervention is well known and widely documented. We report an unusual case of angiographically documented hemorrhage from a ureteral branch that was injured by cystoscopic removal of a Double-J††Medical Engineering Corp., New York, New York. stent, and subsequent successful transcatheter embolization. This case demonstrates the important role of angiographic diagnosis and therapy in the management of iatrogenic hemorrhage.
Body-Cooling Paradigm in Sport: Maximizing Safety and Performance During Competition

Context: Although body cooling has both performance and safety benefits, knowledge on optimizing cooling during specific sport competition is limited. Objectives: To identify when, during sport competition, it is optimal for body cooling and to identify optimal body-cooling modalities to enhance safety and maximize sport performance. Evidence Acquisition: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify articles with specific context regarding body cooling, sport performance, and cooling modalities used during sport competition. A search of scientific peer-reviewed literature examining the effects of body cooling on exercise performance was done to examine the influence of body cooling on exercise performance. Subsequently, a literature search was done to identify effective cooling modalities that have been shown to improve exercise performance. Evidence Synthesis: The cooling modalities that are most effective in cooling the body during sport competition depend on the sport, timing of cooling, and feasibility based on the constraints of the sports rules and regulations. Factoring in the length of breaks (halftime substitutions, etc), the equipment worn during competition, and the cooling modalities that offer the greatest potential to cool must be considered in each individual sport. Conclusions: Scientific evidence supports using body cooling as a method of improving performance during sport competition. Developing a strategy to use cooling modalities that are scientifically evidence-based to improve performance while maximizing athlete’s safety warrants further investigation.
Carotid Stent Fracture from Stylocarotid Syndrome

Eagle syndrome is a rare condition resulting from elongation of the temporal styloid process or calcification of its associated stylohyoid ligaments. Although usually presenting with pain or odynophagia, Eagle syndrome has been reported to cause a multitude of neurologic symptoms or vascular complications, some of which can be life-threatening. We present a case in which an endovascularly placed internal carotid artery stent in close proximity to a calcified stylohyoid ligament resulted in stent fracture with subsequent stent and vessel occlusion. We review and discuss the presentation, diagnosis, etiology, complications and treatment options of the syndrome.
Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease.

BACKGROUND: Alcoholism is the leading cause of end-stage liver failure in the United States, but the application of liver transplantation to the treatment of alcoholic liver disease remains controversial because of medical and ethical concerns. Information about the outcome of patients who undergo transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis would help to resolve these concerns. METHODS: The results of 41 patients (Group 1) with alcoholic liver disease were compared with those of patients who underwent liver transplantation for other medical problems (group 2) at this center. Thirty of the 32 survivors from group 1 and 30 matched subjects from group 2 were interviewed to assess substance dependence, recidivism, and activity level. RESULTS: Compared with control subjects, patients with alcoholic liver disease had equivalent patient and graft survival rates and achieved an equal level of postoperative health. These results were achieved even though patients with alcoholic liver disease had significantly worse liver failure and more morbidity before surgery, and one third of the patients in this group were not abstinent before transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that patients with alcoholic liver disease merit equal consideration for liver transplantation compared with other causes of liver failure. Treatment of the addictive disorder should be included before and after surgery.
Fabrication of 20 wt%Ti-V Alloy Tubing for Nuclear Fuel Cladding

A recently developed technology for the consolidation and fabrication of high-quality small-diameter (< 5 mm) thin-wall (< 0.55 mm) tubing of 20wt%Ti-V alloy is described. Compacted vanadium chip a...
Design of Bounded Relative Trajectories in the Earth Zonal Problem

Numerical methods have proven to be reliable tools in generating long-term bounded relative trajectories in nontrivial dynamical environments. Yet, none of the existing procedures have a systematic...
The Art of Masculine Victimhood: Donald Trump’s Demagoguery

This article analyzes the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump, arguing that the rhetorical form of his appeals constitutes demagoguery defined by a reliance on victimized, White, toxic mascu...
Modeling the polarized X-ray scattering from periodic nanostructures with molecular anisotropy

There is a need to characterize nanoscale molecular orientation in soft materials, and polarized scattering is a powerful means to measure this property. However, few approaches have been demonstrated that quantitatively relate orientation to scattering. Here, a modeling framework to relate the molecular orientation of nanostructures to polarized resonant soft X-ray scattering measurements is developed. A variable-angle transmission measurement called critical-dimension X-ray scattering enables the characterization of the three-dimensional shape of periodic nanostructures. When this measurement is conducted at resonant soft X-ray energies with different polarizations to measure soft material nanostructures, the scattering contains convolved information about the nanostructure shape and the preferred molecular orientation as a function of position, which is extracted by fitting using inverse iterative algorithms. A computationally efficient Born approximation simulation of the scattering has been developed, with a full tensor treatment of the electric field that takes into account biaxial molecular orientation, and this approach is validated by comparing it with a rigorous coupled wave simulation. The ability of various sample models to generate unique best fit solutions is then analyzed by generating simulated scattering pattern sets and fitting them with an inverse iterative algorithm. The interaction of the measurement geometry and the change in orientation across a periodic repeat unit leads to distinct asymmetry in the scattering pattern which must be considered for an accurate fit of the scattering.
Volunteer patients and small groups contribute to abdominal examination's success.

Background Prior to 2007, we taught the abdominal examination in a hospital based group to 40 students, at one hospital. We used volunteer patients, small groups, repetition, and required faculty development sessions. In 2007, our medical school changed its "Introduction to Physical Examination" session so that the entire class was to be taught in a geographically central session. Our hospital was selected to lead the abdominal examination portion of the session. Aim Our aim was to answer three questions. First, could we quadruple the recruitment of volunteer patients, and faculty? Second, was it volunteer patients, small groups, repetition, or faculty training that was most valued by the students? Third, would volunteer patients and/or faculty agree to participate a second time? Methods A total of 43-46 patients and 43-46 faculty were recruited and 43-46 examining rooms were obtained for each of the 5 years of this study. Teachers were required to attend a 1-hour faculty development session. The class of about 170 students was divided into 43-46 groups each year. The teacher demonstrated the abdominal examination and each student practiced the examination on another student. Each student then repeated the full abdominal examination on a volunteer patient. Results Over the 5-year time period (2008-2012), the abdominal examination ranked first among all organ systems' "Introductory Sessions". The abdominal examination ratings had the best mean score (1.35) on a Likert scale where 1 is excellent and 5 is poor. The students gave the most positive spontaneous comments to having volunteer patients, with small groups coming in as the second most appreciated educational element. Conclusion We successfully quadrupled the number of faculty, patients, and examining rooms and created a highly rated educational program as measured by anonymous student evaluations, patient and faculty participation, and the medical school's selecting the abdominal examination methods as an "Advanced Examination" for the Pathways Curriculum.
Development of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in Cats Raised with Monocular Eyelid Suture

Since the pioneering work of Wiesel and Hubel (1963a,b; 1965), neurobiologists have appreciated the kitten’s central visual pathways as an elegant model system for studies of the role of the postnatal environment in neural development. A particularly useful approach has been a comparison of the geniculocortical pathways in normally reared cats with those in cats raised with monocular eyelid closure. This paper concentrates on the developmental abnormalities seen in the lateral geniculate nucleus of such monocularly deprived cats. Although most studies of visually deprived cats have focused upon striate cortex, we have emphasized the lateral geniculate nucleus, because an understanding of cortical abnormalities requires a fairly complete description of the status of its geniculate inputs.
The Permutation Group in Atomic Structure

The underlying antisymmetry of the fermion states that comprise an atomic shell makes itself felt in its most obvious way in the Slater determinantal product states. The use of these basis states is compared to the methods of Racah, to an approach based on quasiparticles, and to the unitary calculus of Harter. The calculation of the reduced matrix element of a quadrupolar tensor for the 4P term of g3 is taken as a running example.