cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Absent Presence: Candice Breitz's Extra

In Extra Candice Breitz blurs the distinction between active producer and passive consumer. Her decision to insert herself, playfully and awkwardly, into the plotted action of a popular South African soap opera literalizes Breitz’s long-standing interest in occupying or invading the spectacle generated by the mass entertainment industry. Furthermore, the video prompts us to think in terms of racial difference: Breitz is the sole white presence in a cast of nonwhite actors, and she stands, literally, apart from them. But the metaleptic aspects of Extra ultimately remind us that the video is the product of volitional collaboration and negotiation between Breitz and the cast of Generations . Consequently, the piece avoids some of the critical shortcomings occasionally associated with her earlier work and embodies, in a provocative and parallel sense, Frantz Fanon’s emphasis on the need for mutual recognition.
Holistic Word Processing

When two three-letter words are flashed up in sequence, observers cannot tell whether the top halves of the words are the same or different. It follows that words, like faces, are processed holistically, not as a set of separate features.
Electrospun nanofibrous polymeric scaffold with targeted drug release profiles for potential application as wound dressing

We have successfully fabricated a dual drug release electrospun scaffold containing an anesthetic, lidocaine, and an antibiotic, mupirocin. Two drugs with different lipophilicities were electrospun from a poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) solution with a dual spinneret electrospinning apparatus into a single scaffold. The release of the drugs from the scaffold showed different profiles for the two drugs. Lidocaine hydrochloride exhibited an initial burst release (80% release within an hour) followed by a plateau after the first few hours. Mupirocin exhibited only a 5% release in the first hour before experiencing a more sustained release to provide antibacterial action for over 72 h. For comparative purposes, both drugs were spun from a single spinneret and evaluated to determine their release profiles. The scaffold maintained its antibiotic activity throughout the processes of electrospinning and gas sterilization and supported cell viability. It has been reported in the literature that interactions between polymer and drug are known to govern the pattern of drug release from electrospun scaffolds. Here, it was found that the presence of the two drugs in the same polymer matrix altered the release kinetics of at least one drug. Based on the release profiles obtained, the dual spinneret technique was the preferred method of scaffold fabrication over the single spinneret technique to obtain a prototype wound healing device.
Good intentions gone awry? Effects of weight-related social control on health and well-being.

Abstract A negative body image has been associated with a variety of negative health and well-being outcomes. Social pressures from others, in the form of weight-related social control, may serve to exacerbate this effect, especially for college-aged women. Undergraduate students ( N = 399) completed a variety of questionnaires assessing weight-related social control, well-being, and diet and exercise behaviors. The results suggest that weight is associated with a variety of negative health and well-being outcomes and particularly for women, weight-related social control is also associated with these negative effects. In addition, men of higher body mass indexes (BMIs) or higher self-perceived weight did not experience negative health and well-being outcomes to the same degree that overweight women did. Parents in particular seem to instigate weight-related social control to change students’ diet and exercise behaviors. These results help clarify the effects of weight-related social control in a college population, where weight may be especially important.
Perceptions of Power and Faith among Black Women Faculty: Re-thinking Institutional Diversity

In this article I report on the perceptions and attitudes of Christian Black women faculty members in regards to religious difference at both historically Black colleges and universities [HBCUs] and predominantly White institutions [PWIs]. By taking a focused look at uncomplicated Christian privilege at HBCUs, the study asked what conditions are in place at HBCUs that offer these women an uncommon space of authenticity, while simultaneously supporting a privilege system that could potentially silence different religiously-identified students. I address implications in regards to diversity at HBCUs.
Financial Performance and Efficiency of Corporate Farms in Northwest Russia

The corporate farms in Leningrad Oblast are classified into five solvency groups by an index of financial health based on the coverage of farm costs by sales revenue. The two highest solvency groups containing 35% of the oblast farms produce 75% of sales and generate 90% of profit. They rapidly grow by investing in machinery and equipment and can be regarded as having fully adapted to the new market conditions. Their production efficiency is significantly higher than the efficiency of less solvent farms. A regression analysis shows that 50% of the variability in the financial health of Leningrad farms is explained by management quality, while another 30% is explained by farm size (farms employing more labour and more land are characterized by higher solvency).
Monitoring nebulizer use in children: Comparison of electronic and asthma diary data

Background Measurement of nebulizer medication adherence that relies on self-report of medication use is subject to recall bias and increased patient burden. Electronic monitoring of nebulizer medication use is relatively new technology and provides an objective measure of nebulizer use. Objective To examine levels of agreement for nebulizer use between self-report on diary cards and electronic monitor data in young inner-city children with asthma. Methods Of 221 enrolled children with persistent asthma, 157 (71%) provided 12 weeks of diary card and nebulizer monitor recordings that were matched by date across days and by patient. Concordance, sensitivity, specificity, and κ coefficients were calculated between self-report and electronic data. Results The children were predominantly African American (89%) and male (66%), with a mean age of 4.6 years. Their persistent asthma was categorized as mild (61%) or moderate to severe (35%). Concordance between diary and electronic data was 85%, with overreporting on diary cards noted on 15% of the total days. Sensitivity of the diary data relative to the electronic data ranged from 0.80 to 0.91 during the 12-week study. Diary return rates decreased from 75% during the initial 3 weeks to 44% at 12 weeks. Conclusions Electronic monitoring of nebulizer use provides a more precise measure of long-term medication use than does self-report on diary cards, and it is feasible for use in high-risk populations. However, diary cards seem to be a valid alternative for short-term monitoring of nebulizer use, resulting in only a slight overestimation of medication use.
Rat Liver Transcript Profiling in Normal and Disease States Using a Kinetic Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay

Abstract Synthesis of a number of rat liver proteins, including albumin, fibrinogen, apolipoprotein AI, and transferrin, is elevated in the nephrotic syndrome (NS). Increased synthesis of these proteins is regulated at the transcriptional level and occurs in the context of increased mRNA encoding each protein. Changes in albumin, fibrinogen, apolipoprotein AI, and transferrin mRNA levels in total cellular RNA isolated from the livers of normal rats and rats with passive Heymann nephritis were measured using a kinetically monitored, reverse transcriptase-initiated PCR (kRT-PCR) assay. The kRT-PCR assay rapidly quantitated changes in rat liver mRNA levels with an accuracy comparable to that of more labor-intensive mRNA quantitation methods. The relative levels of β-actin, apolipoprotein AI, fibrinogen, and albumin mRNAs were very similar in total cellular RNA isolated from rat liver versus H4C3 hepatocytes in culture, suggesting that the H4C3 hepatocyte is an appropriate model for studying expression of genes encoding proteins secreted by the liver. Taken together, the results demonstrate the feasibility of using the kRT-PCR assay for isolation and characterization of a soluble factor responsible for elevated synthesis of hepatocyte mRNAs associated with the nephrotic syndrome.
Design and performance evaluation of a Java-based multicast browser tool

This paper presents a case study in the use of reliable multicasting in Web-based multi-party applications. To carry out this study, we have designed and implemented WEBCLASS, a multicast browser tool written in Java. In WEBCLASS, all the actions of a "master" Web browser are mimicked on a set of client browsers. Monitoring of the master browser is performed by a set of threads, which use a reliable multicast protocol to disseminate state information and Web resources to programs that control the client browsers. The architecture and operation of the main components of WEBCLASS are described, and experimental results of a performance study are presented.
An auroral model for the NCAR thermospheric general circulation model (TGCM)

A model of high latitude auroral processes has been developed for use in the NCAR TGCM. The ion drift pattern associated with magnetospheric convection is specified by the empirical model of Heelis et al. (1982) considering offset geographic and geomagnetic poles. An analytic prescription of particle precipitation in the auroral oval is developed that enables rapid numerical evaluation of auroral ionization rates and global aurora power input. An analytic expression has been derived for the total ionization rate and an ion chemical scheme is used to calculate the electron density enhancements and ion density distributions caused by auroral particle precipitation. The results of TGCM runs with and without auroral particle precipitation show the importance of auroral ionization in determining the dynamic structure of the winter hemisphere lower thermosphere.
Community And Commitment Among Catholics: A Test Of Local‐Cosmopolitan Theory*

This study tests Roof's (1972,1976,1978) local-cosmopolitan theory of religious commitment using a sample of Catholics living in west Tennessee. Consistent with Roof's theory, local community refer...
Making a Difference in the Software Century

In the 21st century, software engineers face the often formidable challenges of simultaneously dealing with rapid change, uncertainty and emergence, dependability, diversity, and interdependence, but they also have opportunities to make significant contributions that will make a difference for the better.
Radical prostatectomy vs. intensity-modulated radiation therapy in the management of localized prostate adenocarcinoma.

Abstract Background and purpose To determine whether radical prostatectomy (RP) or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to ⩾72Gy, plus hormonal therapy if indicated, results in improved biochemical disease-free survival (BDFS) in localized prostate adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods Between 1997 and 2005, a consecutive sample of 556 patients who underwent RP ( n =204) or IMRT ( n =352) at two referral centers was analyzed. The patients were stratified into prognostic groups based on clinical stage, Gleason score, and pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The outcome measure was BDFS. Results IMRT patients had more advanced disease at baseline ( p p =.20) or intermediate prognosis (86.7% vs. 82.2%, p =.46) subsets. A difference favoring IMRT plus hormonal therapy was seen in the poor prognosis (38.4% vs. 62.2%, p p p p =.06) did not. Within the poor prognosis subset, treatment modality ( p =.006) predicted BDFS. Conclusions BDFS is similar between RP and IMRT for patients with a favorable or intermediate prognosis. Patients with a poor prognosis display higher BDFS when treated with IMRT to ⩾72Gy plus hormonal therapy.
Angle estimation with propagator method for correlated sources under unknown symmetric Toeplitz noise

In this paper, we employ the propagator method (PM) to find the direction of arrival angles (DOAs) from the incident sources without any eigen decomposition. This can reduce the complexity when compared to eigen subspace method such as MUSIC algorithm. Also, we apply our proposed algorithm in the situation when the incident sources are uncorrelated or coherent in pairs. In our proposed algorithm, we assume that the unknown covariance noise matrix is to be a symmetric Toeplitz as the Prasad's noise model. But our proposed algorithm when compared Prasad's method, has two main advantages: (1) it does not require any eigen decomposition to find the DOAs whereas Prasad's requires, and (2) our proposed algorithm requires the number of sensors M to be larger than the number of sources L, i.e., M > L, but the Prasad's method requires M > 2L. So, our proposed method can take a general situation of M > L where Prasad's method fails for L < M < 2L case. Our proposed method is based on the covariance matrix difference between the average of the forward-backward covariance matrices of the received data and the Hermition of the backward. This difference is introduced to eliminate the noise components from the array structure. The numerical results verify that the proposed method gives better performance and less computation than the conventional MUSIC
Long-wavelength vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers

Vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (VCSOAs) are interesting devices because of their small form factor, potential low manufacturing cost, high coupling efficiency to optical fiber, and polarization independent gain. In this paper, an overview of the properties and possible applications of long-wavelength VCSOAs is given. We present general design rules and analyze how the mirror reflectivity affects the properties of the VCSOA. Experimental results of reflection-mode VCSOAs operating at 1.3-μm wavelength are presented. The devices were fabricated using InP-GaAs wafer bonding and were optically pumped by a 980-nm laser diode. These VCSOAs have demonstrated the highest fiber-to-fiber gain (17 dB), as well as the highest saturation output power (-3.5 dBm) of any long-wavelength VCSOA to date. We have also used these VCSOAs for optical preamplification at 10 Gb/s. Using an 11-dB gain VCSOA, the sensitivity of a regular PIN detector was increased by 7 dB resulting in a receiver sensitivity of -26.2 dBm.
Radiation cataracts: new data and new recommendations.

OBJECTIVE. This Minimodule discusses radiation cataracts and makes some basic suggestions for practicing radiologists. CONCLUSION. For many years radiation-induced cataracts were considered unlikely by most radiologists. Recent data suggest that the likelihood is much higher than previously thought, and the International Commission on Radiological Protection has suggested lower exposure limits.
On the deployment sequence optimality in model predictive control of military operations

Combat tasks can be planned and executed via controlling their risk of failure. The model predictive task commander (MPTC) described previously calculates the minimal effective force to be deployed in each mission of a task and dynamically adjusts it based on real time battle damage assessment data to maintain the desired level of risk. The risk comes from two main sources of uncertainty present in combat, namely the random effects of weapons and the unknown enemy intent. The MPTC uses probabilistic Markov models to capture the former, and game-theoretic optimization to cope with the latter. The paper reports on experiments suggesting that the so called initial deployment sequences are either optimal or almost optimal strategies in the game theoretic sense.
Roles for BLyS family members in meeting the distinct homeostatic demands of innate and adaptive B cells

B-1 and B-2 B cell populations have different progenitors, receptor diversity, anatomic location, and functions – suggesting vastly differing requisites for homeostatic regulation. There is evidence that the B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) family of cytokines and receptors, key factors in the homeostatic regulation of B-2 B cell subsets, is also a major player in the B-1 compartment. Here we review the development and differentiation of these two primary B cell lineages and their immune functions. We discuss evidence that BLyS or a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) availability in different anatomic sites, coupled with signature BLyS receptor expression patterns on different B cell subsets, may be important for homeostatic regulation of B-1 as well as B-2 populations. Finally, we extend our working model of B cell homeostasis to integrate B-1s.
Turbulence and Vertical Fluxes in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Part II: A Novel Mixing-Length Model

This is the second part of a study about turbulence and vertical fluxes in the stable atmospheric boundary layer. Based on a suite of large-eddy simulations in Part I where the effects of stability on the turbulent structures and kinetic energy are investigated, first-order parameterization schemes are assessed and tested in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)’s single-column model. The applicability of the gradient-flux hypothesis is first examined and it is found that stable conditions are favorable for that hypothesis. However, the concept of introducing a stability correction function fm as a multiplicative factor into the mixing length used under neutral conditions lN is shown to be problematic because fm computed a priori from large-eddy simulations tends not to be a universal function of stability. With this observation, a novel mixing-length model is proposed, which conforms to large-eddy simulation results much better under stable conditions and converges to the classic model under neutral conditions. Test cases imposing steady as well as unsteadyforcingsaredevelopedtoevaluatetheperformanceofthenewmodel.Itisfoundthatthenewmodel exhibitsrobustperformanceas thestabilitystrengthis changed,while othermodels aresensitiveto changesin stability. For cases with unsteady forcings, which are very rarely simulated or tested, the results of the singlecolumn model and large-eddy simulations are also closer when the new model is used, compared to the other models. However, unsteady cases are much more challenging for the turbulence closure formulations than cases with steady surface forcing.
Two Independent Regions of Simian Virus 40 T Antigen Increase CBP/p300 Levels, Alter Patterns of Cellular Histone Acetylation, and Immortalize Primary Cells

Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (SVT) interferes with normal cell regulation and thus has been used to identify cellular components controlling proliferation and homeostasis. We have previously shown that SVT-mediated transformation requires interaction with the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) CBP/p300 and now report that the ectopic expression of SVT in several cell types in vivo and in vitro results in a significant increase in the steady-state levels of CBP/p300. Furthermore, SVT-expressing cells contain higher levels of acetylated CBP/p300, a modification that has been linked to increased HAT activity. Concomitantly, the acetylation levels of histone residues H3K56 and H4K12 are markedly increased in SVT-expressing cells. Other polyomavirus-encoded large T antigens also increase the levels of CBP/p300 and sustain a rise in the acetylation levels of H3K56 and H4K12. SVT does not affect the transcription of CBP/p300, but rather, alters their overall levels through increasing the loading of CBP/p300 mRNAs onto polysomes. Two distinct regions within SVT, one located in the amino terminus and one in the carboxy terminus, can independently alter both the levels of CBP/p300 and the loading of CBP/p300 transcripts onto polysomes. Within the amino-terminal fragment, a functional J domain is necessary for increasing CBP/p300 and specific histone acetylation levels, as well as for immortalizing primary cells. These studies uncover the action of polyomavirus T antigens on cellular CBP/p300 and suggest that additional mechanisms are used by T antigens to induce cell immortalization and transformation.
BROWN-COMENETZ DUALITY AND THE ADAMS SPECTRAL SEQUENCE

We show that the class of p-complete connective spectra with nitely presented cohomology over the Steenrod algebra admits a duality the- ory related to Brown-Comenetz duality. This construction also produces a full-plane version of the classical Adams spectral sequence for such spectra, which converges to the homotopy groups of a \nite" localization.
A time resolving data acquisition system for multiple high-resolution position sensitive detectors

An advanced time-resolving data collection system for use in neutron and X-ray spectrometry has been implemented and put into routine operation. The system collects data from high-resolution position-sensitive area detectors with a maximum cumulative rate of 10/sup 6/ events per second. The events are sorted, in real-time, into many time-slice arrays. A programmable timing control unit allows for a wide choice of time sequences and time-slice array sizes. The shortest dwell time on a slice can be below 1 ms, and the delay to switch between slices is zero. >
Electrostatic control of regioselectivity via ion pairing in a Au(I)-catalyzed rearrangement

The rearrangement of 3-substituted aryl alkynyl sulfoxides catalyzed by cationic Au(I) complexes was studied with different counterions in solvents spanning a range of dielectric constants (e). Pulsed-gradient diffusion NMR experiments demonstrated strong ion pairing in low-e solvents. The regioselectivity of the reaction was insensitive to e when ion pairing was weak but increased monotonically as e was decreased in the regime of strong ion pairing. DFT calculations of putative product-determining transition states indicated that the product resulting from the more polar transition state is favored due to electrostatic stabilization in the presence of strong ion pairing.
Disaster: Agent of diplomacy or change in international affairs?

Disaster is presented as a process of transition which changes relations both within and among states engaged in mitigation and response. The article advances the concept of complex adaptive systems (CAS) as an analytical tool that captures the high degrees of complexity and dynamics characteristic of potential or actual disasters. Consequently, the three case studies in this special section of the Cambridge Review of International Affairs which analyse critically the argument for disaster diplomacy as an opportunity to increase cooperation among rival states are re‐examined in a CAS framework. Based on the application of CAS to the case studies, the article concludes that creative diplomacy for disaster reduction is most effective at the ‘edge of chaos’, that narrow region where there is sufficient structure to hold and exchange information, but also sufficient flexibility to adapt new alternatives to meet urgent needs.
Recovery of Interfering Bacteria in the Nasopharynx following Antimicrobial Therapy of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis with Telithromycin or Amoxicillin-Clavulanate

The effect on the nasopharyngeal flora of 7 days of amoxicillin-clavulanate or 5 days of 800 mg once a day was studied in 50 adults with acute sinusitis. The numbers of potential pathogens and interfering alpha-hemolytic streptococci were equally reduced after both therapies. However, the number of interfering Prevotella spp. declined more significantly after amoxicillin-clavulanate treatment.
Message from general chair

Welcome to Atlanta, Georgia and to the 24th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. It has been my honor to spend several years of planning for Georgia Institute of Technology to host this event and to work with the Computer Society and our veteran volunteer team to make this week a reality. The success of this symposium is a direct result of the hard work and contributions made by many, including the organizing committee members, the steering committee, the authors, the speakers, and the commercial participants — all of whom I gratefully acknowledge.
Groundwater management: Efficiency and equity considerations

Abstract Groundwater has the characteristics of commonly owned property, and its use is likely to be inefficient in the absence of regulation. Several management tools can be used to regulate groundwater withdrawals, with no one tool dominating the others in terms of efficiency of water use. However, the welfare distributional effects of various management schemes on individual users who vary in their derived demands for groundwater might be quite substantial, and different users may find considerably different schemes attractive. The equity problems associated with the division of management benefits may dominate the decisions about support of or opposition to groundwater management, and hence they must be undertaken with considerable care and resolved by consensus among users. Although the negotiations are expected to be extensive and complicated, there is a substantial basis for agreement because all users stand to gain; the question is, who will gain the most?
The semantic interpretation of trust in multiagent interactions

We provide an approach to estimate trust between agents from their interactions. Our approach takes a probabilistic model of trust founded on commitments. We assume commitments to estimate trust because a commitment describes what an agent may expect of another. Therefore, the satisfaction or violation of a commitment provides a natural basis for determining how much to trust another agent. We evaluate our approach empirically. In one study, 30 subjects read emails extracted from the Enron dataset augmented with some synthetic emails to capture commitment operations missing in the Enron corpus. The subjects estimated trust between each pair of communicating participants. We trained model parameters for each subject with respect to our automated analysis of the emails, showing that our trained parameters yield a lower prediction error of a subject's trust rating given automatically inferred commitments than fixed parameters.
Should the Whole World Be Watching? The Tension between Social Networks and National Privacy Policies

It is a truism that social networks are changing the way people communicate and share information. Social network members share a wealth of information about themselves -- and others -- with friends and strangers all over the world. Social network providers and social network members are, however, operating in uncharted territory when it comes to privacy. Their responsibilities are by no means clear. The underlying premise of social networks is that an immense amount of personal information should be widely and easily accessible; this puts social network providers on a collision course with privacy regulators and policy makers who emphasize limitations on the uses of personal information and the importance of only using information with proper consent. While privacy rules present a challenge to the viability of social network providers’ business plans, the social networks themselves are a test of the effectiveness of privacy regulation for this new social medium. The outcome of this clash between access and privacy, and its impact on social networks, is not certain. The extent of this clash, and the uncertainty of its outcome, is nowhere more evident than in Facebook’s continued privacy battles.Using Facebook as a focus of analysis, this paper explores the tension between the social network business model and the provisions of privacy regulations. As the provider of the world’s largest social network, Facebook is an excellent example of a network provider whose aggressive business plan has led to numerous complaints and investigations by privacy regulators. An examination of the privacy complaints filed against Facebook in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K., as well as an evaluation of EU recommendations for tighter privacy oversight of social networks, provides an opportunity to both identify the privacy issues involved in social networking and compare the differing privacy regimes followed in Europe, Canada, and the U.S. At the same time, this analysis offers some insights regarding the potential impact of privacy regulation on the operations of social network providers, as well as the feasibility of implementing a robust privacy regimen in the social networking environment
LOCALIZED MODE OF SUBSTITUTIONAL CARBON IN ION-IMPLANTED SILICON.

Substitutional carbon, CS, incorporated into silicon by C-ion implantation has been investigated using the localized vibrational mode for CS as a monitor. A CS/C fraction of 0.2 was observed for a uniform dopant profile obtained by a multiple energy implant at room temperature (4.7, 7.7, and 10.1014 C+/cm2 at 60, 140, and 260 keV, respectively). CS/C increased to ~0.75 upon annealing to 500°C. Absence of an observable CS after 7 · 1015 200 keV C+/cm2 at room temperature is ascribed to the high degree of disorder in the implanted layer. CS was observed in this high fluence implanted sample after annealing to 500 °C. An additional low fluence implantation of an annealed C-implanted layer decreased CS, consistent with a Si replacement mechanism.
Local resection for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Abstract Background Duodenal gastrointestinal tumors (GIST) present infrequently, and surgical resection with negative margins remains the mainstay of therapy; however, given the lack of lymphatic and submucosal spread and anatomic location near the bile duct and pancreas, the optimal approach for resection is unknown. Options include local resection (LR), segmental resection, and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods All cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors originating from the duodenum from 2000 to 2015 were identified from administrative databases. Clinical and pathologic information was abstracted from the medical record and compared between patients who received LR vs PD. The chi-square with Fisher's exact test was used to detect differences between groups. Results Fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 7 had an LR and 8 had a PD. The second portion of the duodenum was the most common origin of GIST in the PD group, whereas the third portion was most common in the LR group. Patients who underwent LR tended to be younger, but there was no difference in tumor size, mitotic rate, margin positivity, readmission rate, or recurrence. PD was associated with more complications, higher blood loss, and longer length of stay. Conclusions Local resection is a reasonable option for resection of duodenal GIST and should be routinely considered if technically feasible.
On G.E. Moore’S ‘Proof of an External World’

A new reading of G.E. Moore's ‘Proof of an External World’ is offered, on which the Proof is understood as a unique and essential part of an anti-sceptical strategy that Moore worked out early in his career and developed in various forms, from 1909 until his death in 1958. I begin by ignoring the Proof and by developing a reading of Moore's broader response to scepticism. The bulk of the article is then devoted to understanding what role the Proof plays in Moore's strategy, and how that role is played.
Folic acid tagged nanoceria as a novel therapeutic agent in ovarian cancer

Nanomedicine is a very promising field and nanomedical drugs have recently been used as therapeutic agents against cancer. In a previous study, we showed that Nanoceria (NCe), nanoparticles of cerium oxide, significantly inhibited production of reactive oxygen species, cell migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro, without affecting cell proliferation and significantly reduced tumor growth in an ovarian cancer xenograft nude model. Increased expression of folate receptor-α, an isoform of membrane-bound folate receptors, has been described in ovarian cancer. To enable NCe to specifically target ovarian cancer cells, we conjugated nanoceria to folic acid (NCe-FA). Our aim was to investigate the pre-clinical efficacy of NCe-FA alone and in combination with Cisplatin. Ovarian cancer cell lines were treated with NCe or NCe-FA. Cell viability was assessed by MTT and colony forming units. In vivo studies were carried in A2780 generated mouse xenografts treated with 0.1 mg/Kg NCe, 0.1 mg/Kg; NCe-FA and cisplatinum, 4 mg/Kg by intra-peritoneal injections. Tumor weights and burden scores were determined. Immunohistochemistry and toxicity assays were used to evaluate treatment effects. We show that folic acid conjugation of NCe increased the cellular NCe internalization and inhibited cell proliferation. Mice treated with NCe-FA had a lower tumor burden compared to NCe, without any vital organ toxicity. Combination of NCe-FA with cisplatinum decreased the tumor burden more significantly. Moreover, NCe-FA was also effective in reducing proliferation and angiogenesis in the xenograft mouse model. Thus, specific targeting of ovarian cancer cells by NCe-FA holds great potential as an effective therapeutic alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy.
Vision-Based Relative Navigation and Control for Autonomous Spacecraft Inspection of an Unknown Object

This paper describes a vision-based relative navigation and control strategy for inspecting an unknown and non-cooperative object in space using a visual-inertial system. The proposed inspection spacecraft system relies solely on a calibrated stereo camera and a 3-axis gyroscope to maintain a safe inspection distance while following a circle trajectory around the object. The navigation system is based on image processing algorithms which extract the relative position and velocity between the inspector and the object, and a simple control approach is used to ensure the desired range and bearing are maintained throughout the inspection maneuver. Hardware implementation details of the VERTIGO Goggles system are provided, and design considerations related to the addition of the stereo camera system and associated processor unit to the SPHERES satellites are discussed. Computer simulation results, and experiments conducted aboard the International Space Station during Expedition 34 are reported to demonstrate the performance and applicability of the proposed hardware and related navigation and control systems to inspect an unknown spacecraft.
Roughness-Induced Superliquiphilic/phobic Surfaces: Lessons from Nature

A solid surface, or more exactly a solid-gas or solid-liquid interface, has a complex structure and properties dependent upon nature of solids, the method of preparation, and the interaction between the surface and the environment. Physical and chemical properties of surfaces affect their interaction with other surfaces.
Differential effects of total and upper airway influenza viral infection on sleep in mice.

Sleepiness is a common perception during most infectious diseases, including viral infections. Previously, we observed that a lethal strain of influenza virus (H1N1) causes a greater increase in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) than a nonlethal strain of influenza virus (H3N2), suggesting that the magnitude of sleep responses after viral inoculation depends on the severity of the infection. The aim of the present experiment was to further test this possibility. The effects of total airway infection versus upper airway infection on sleep were tested in two groups of mice using the same strain of virus (H1N1). After 2-3 days of baseline sleep recordings, Swiss-Webster mice were infected intranasally with H1N1 influenza virus. Sleep was determined again for an additional 3 days and 6 hours. Total airway infection significantly increased NREMS beginning about 24 hours after the viral inoculation and significantly suppressed rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) with a longer latency. Both the increase in NREMS and the decrease in REMS lasted until the end of the experiment. Total airway infection also significantly decreased the body weight of the mice. In contrast, upper airway infection did not induce clear changes in sleep and body weight.
‘Wilhelm in Wonderland’ — Germany in the Wars of Unification

The political cartoons of Punch and other satirical journals are among the most visible surviving British representations of Germany from before the Great War. Serious academic works, educational websites and under-graduate textbooks alike are peppered with cartoons of the period, and the familiarity of readers with such images has meant that one can hardly imagine the dismissal of Bismarck by Wilhelm II without Sir John Tenniel’s ‘Dropping the Pilot’ (Figure 13.1); or the German invasion of Belgium without F. H. Townsend’s ‘Bravo, Belgium!’ (Figure 13.2).2 However, more often than not historians and other scholars have tended to treat cartoons as ‘mere illustrations’, rather than as important historical sources in their own right, and often have merely reproduced them in their books without comment.3 Relatively few studies have taken cartoons as their key focus, and interrogated either their meaning, the kinds of representations that they offer or the ways in which they were developed and produced. On the contrary, the idea that because of their highly partisan and satirical nature, cartoons are of limited value in serious historical scholarship, and are ‘inap-propriate for use by the historian’ has persisted until quite recently.4 In the past few years, however, there has been a growing recognition that study of what a given society finds humorous reveals a great deal about those who produced the joke, and also about those at whom the joke is directed.5
Mobility and pore-scale fluid dynamics of rate-dependent yield-stress fluids flowing through fibrous porous media

Abstract The steady flow of viscoplastic fluids through fibrous porous media is studied numerically and theoretically. We consider fluids with a plastic yield stress and a rate-dependent viscosity that can be described by the Herschel-Bulkley model. We first investigate the pore-scale flow characteristics through numerical simulations for flow transverse to a square array of fibers with comprehensive parametric studies to independently analyze the effects of the rheological properties of the fluid and the geometrical characteristics of the fibrous medium. Our numerical simulations show that the critical Bingham number at which the flow transitions from a fully-yielded regime to locally unyielded regions depends on the medium porosity. We develop a scaling model for describing the bulk characteristics of the flow, taking into account the coupled effects of the medium porosity and the fluid rheology. This model enables us to accurately predict the pressure-drop–velocity relationship over a wide range of Bingham numbers, power-law indices, and porosities with a formulation that can be applied to a square or a hexagonal array of fibers. The ultimate result of our scaling analysis is a generalized form of Darcy’s law for Herschel-Bulkley fluids with the mobility coefficient provided as a function of the system parameters. Based on this model, we construct a modified Bingham number rescaled with a suitable porosity function, which incorporates all the rheological and pore-scale parameters that are required to determine the dominant flow regime.
Sensor localization using hybrid RF/optical wireless communications for an aerial data mule

In this paper we consider the problem of pairing a ground sensor with an aerial vehicle, both equipped with a hybrid communication system - radio frequency for non-line of sight transmission and optical for line-of-sight transmission. These communication technologies are complementary and by coordinating them it is possible to mitigate their respective weaknesses. A challenging problem is positioning the flying robot within optical communication range, especially when the distance is large and the sensor location is unknown. In this work, we propose a solution to the problem of autonomously localizing the sensor node relative to the aerial vehicle. We take advantage of the hybrid communication scheme by developing a control strategy that uses the radio signal to guide the aerial platform to the sensor node. Once the optical-based signal strength is over a desired threshold the robot hovers within optical range. The control strategy is demonstrated through simulations that incorporate a realistic model for the hybrid communication link.
Vascular Assessment for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Intravascular Ultrasound Compared With Computed Tomography.

BACKGROUND Assessment of the femoral and iliac arteries is essential prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). It is critical for establishing candidacy for a femoral approach, and can help predict vascular complications. Although computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the standard imaging modality, it has limitations. OBJECTIVE This study compared CTA with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients undergoing TAVR evaluation. METHODS Fifteen patients undergoing pre-TAVR coronary angiography and hemodynamic assessment were recruited. Following coronary angiography, patients underwent distal aortography, bilateral iliac and femoral arteriography, and IVUS assessment. Vascular tortuosity, minimum lumen diameter, and cross-sectional area were obtained and the findings were compared with those obtained from CTA. RESULTS Correlation between IVUS and CTA was strong for minimum luminal diameter (r=0.62). Concordance was also strong between CTA and invasive iliofemoral angiography for assessment of tortuosity (r=0.75). Utilizing Bland-Altman analysis, vessel diameters obtained by IVUS were consistently greater than those obtained by CTA. The angiography and IVUS strategy was associated with a lower overall mean contrast utilization (29 cc vs 100 cc; P<.001), reduced mean radiation exposure (527 mGy vs 998 mGy; P=.045), and no significant difference in mean test duration (13.3 minutes vs 10 minutes; P=.12). CONCLUSIONS For femoral and iliac arterial assessment prior to TAVR, IVUS is a viable alternative to CTA with comparable accuracy, and the potential for less contrast use and less radiation exposure. IVUS is also a valuable adjunct to CTA in patients with borderline femoral access diameters or considerable CTA artifacts.
Infection-related mortality in Hispanic and non-Hispanic children with cancer.

Background Hispanic children with cancer experience poorer survival than their White counterparts. Infection is a known cause of cancer-related mortality; however, little is known about the risk of infection-related death among Hispanic children with cancer. We examine the association of Hispanic ethnicity with infection-related mortality and life-threatening events among children with cancer. Procedure For a cohort of all pediatric cancer patients diagnosed from 1986 to 2012 and treated at a single tertiary care center, we obtained national death records to determine all-cause mortality and infection-related mortality, as well as intensive care unit (ICU) admissions as a surrogate for life-threatening events. Cox proportional hazard models assessed all-cause mortality and infection-related mortality using ethnicity as the main independent variable. ICU admission rates were modeled using a zero-inflated Poisson regression model. Models were adjusted for gender, diagnosis year, age, residential location, and diagnosis. Results Of 6,198 patients, 741 (12%) were Hispanic. Mean follow-up was 11 years (SD = 8.04). There were 1,205 deaths, with 193 attributable to infection. Differences in all-cause mortality between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients did not reach significance (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96–1.36). However, Hispanic patients were 68% (HR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.16–2.43) more likely to have an infection-related cause of death. Hispanic ethnicity was statistically associated with a higher rate of ICU admissions (rate ratio = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12–1.56). Conclusion Hispanic pediatric cancer patients were more likely to have an infection-related death and higher rates of ICU admissions than non-Hispanic patients. Infection may be an overlooked contributor to poorer outcomes among Hispanic patients.
Advanced path mapping for silicon photonic switch fabrics

We develop an advanced path mapping for photonic switch fabrics that improves the worst-case power-penalty and relaxes the receiver dynamic range requirements. Modeling shows a 6dB power-penalty reduction for the equal-permutation of an 8×8 switch.
A CNN based method for automatic mass detection and classification in mammograms

AbstractA novel system for detection and classification of masses in breast mammography is introduced. The system integrates a breast segmentation module together with a modified region-based convolutional network to obtain detection and classification of masses according to BI-RADS score. While most of the previous work on mass identification in breast mammography has focused on classification, this study proposes to solve both the detection and the classification problems. The method is evaluated on a large multi-centre clinical data-set and compared to ground truth annotated by expert radiologists. Preliminary experimental results show the high accuracy and efficiency obtained by the suggested network structure. As the volume and complexity of data in health care continues to accelerate generalising such an approach may have a profound impact on patient care in many applications.
Warehouse Operations Data Structure (WODS): A data structure developed for warehouse operations modeling

Abstract Generally accepted data structures and predefined paradigms such as geographic information system (GIS) in research domains enhance researchers experience and efficiency by providing defined data structures and file formats. Warehousing and related topics represent one of the most studied areas in supply chain with no predefined standards or data structures when it comes to developing warehouse operation related programs and code. In this paper, we propose WODS, a new data structure that integrates, stores, edits, analyzes, and displays data related to all aspects of warehouse modeling and development. The paper also describes a set of tools to demonstrate the use of WODS which can also play as a starting point that facilitates the process of modeling a warehouse operation program.
It’s All a Matter of Degree

We optimize multiway equijoins on relational tables using degree information. We give a new bound that uses degree information to more tightly bound the maximum output size of a query. On real data, our bound on the number of triangles in a social network can be up to 95 times tighter than existing worst case bounds. We show that using only a constant amount of degree information, we are able to obtain join algorithms with a running time that has a smaller exponent than existing algorithms–for any database instance. We also show that this degree information can be obtained in nearly linear time, which yields asymptotically faster algorithms in the serial setting and lower communication cost algorithms in the MapReduce setting. In the serial setting, the data complexity of join processing can be expressed as a function O(IN x + OUT) in terms of input size IN and output size OUT in which x depends on the query. An upper bound for x is given by the fractional hypertreewidth. We are interested in situations in which we can get algorithms for which x is strictly smaller than the fractional hypertreewidth. We say that a join can be processed in subquadratic time if x < 2. Building on the AYZ algorithm for processing cycle joins in quadratic time, for a restricted class of joins which we call 1-series-parallel graphs, we obtain a complete decision procedure for identifying subquadratic solvability (subject to the 3-SUM problem requiring quadratic time). Our 3-SUM based quadratic lower bound is tight, making it the only known tight bound for joins that does not require any assumption about the matrix multiplication exponent ω. We also give a MapReduce algorithm that meets our improved communication bound and handles essentially optimal parallelism.