cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FTF and LRH-1, two related but different transcription factors in human Caco-2 cells: their different roles in the regulation of bile acid transport.

Abstract The apical sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) mediates ileal bile acid reabsorption. The transcription factors, liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1:mouse) and fetoprotein transcription factor (FTF:human), are presumably orthologues. Bile-acid induced negative feedback regulation of mouse (m) and human (h) ASBT occurs via LRH-1 and RAR/RXR, respectively. hASBT has a potential FTF cis-element, although its functional role is unknown. hASBT and mASBT promoter constructs and an FTF cis-element mutated hASBT (hASBT/FTFμ) were assessed in human Caco-2 cells treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and/or co-transfected with hFTF, mLRH-1, or specific small interfering FTF or LRH-1 RNA (siFTF or siLRH). Basal promoter activity was reduced in hASBT/FTFμ, although bile acid response persisted. hFTF activated hASBT but not mASBT, while mLRH-1 activated mASBT but not hASBT. siFTF reduced hASBT but not mASBT activity; siLRH reduced mASBT but not hASBT activity. siLRH but not siFTF abrogated bile acid responsiveness. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated distinct and specific binding of the mLRH-1 or hFTF cis-elements. In conclusion, FTF and LRH-1 are two related but different transcription factors in human Caco-2 cells, suggesting that they may be homologues and not orthologues. FTF is not involved directly in bile acid mediated negative feedback regulation of the ASBT.
GCC Women: Causes and Processes of Midlife Weight Gain

Perimenopausal obesity is a particular problem in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. This study examined the culturally specific views of perimenopausal GCC women, and the causes and processes of midlife weight gain using a qualitative descriptive design with semistructured interviewing and content analysis. Constructs derived from the health belief model and Kleiman's explanatory model were used to identify and sort themes into conceptual categories. The findings of this study suggest that weight-management program plans targeting perimenopausal GCC women should take into consideration the multiple levels of factors and cultural influences on their behavior.
Acceleration of Streamed Tensor Contraction Expressions on GPGPU-Based Clusters

Tensor contractions are generalized multidimensional matrix multiplication operations that widely occur in quantum chemistry. Efficient execution of tensor contractions on GPUs requires tackling several challenges to be addressed, including index permutation and small dimension-sizes reducing thread block utilization. In this paper, we present our approach to automatically generate CUDA code to execute tensor contractions on GPUs, including management of data movement between CPU and GPU. GPU-enabled code is generated for the most expensive contractions in CCSD(T), a key coupled cluster method, and incorporated into NW Chem, a popular computational chemistry suite. We demonstrate speedup over a factor of 8.4 using one core per node and over 2.6 when utilizing the entire system using hybrid CPU+GPU solution with 2 GPUs and 5 cores. Finally, we analyze the implementation behavior on future GPU systems.
Regulation of retinoblastoma gene expression in hormone-dependent breast cancer

Studies have shown an increased risk for breast cancer in the mothers of children suffering from retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma, suggesting a role for the retinoblastoma susceptibility (Rb) gene product in breast cancer. We now show that estradiol decreases the expression of Rb at the level of protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) in estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell lines. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with 10(-9) M estradiol for 48 h resulted in a 70% decrease in the level of Rb protein. Ribonuclease protection assays showed a 50% decrease in the steady state levels of Rb mRNA by 12 h and a 70% decrease in Rb mRNA by 24 h. Treatment with estradiol had no effect on the rate of Rb gene transcription or on Rb mRNA stability, but resulted in an increase in the steady state level of Rb mRNA in the nucleus. The effect of estradiol was inhibited by 10(-7) M 4-hydroxytamoxifen. In the absence of estradiol, the antiestrogens 4-hydroxytamoxifen and ICI 164,384 increased Rb mRNA by 50% over that in estrogen-depleted co...
Orientation and motion of a fluorescent probe in model membranes.

Abstract A method has been developed, based on polarized fluorescence intensity measurements, for studying the orientation and motion of fluorescent probes incorporated into lipid bilayers. Its use is illustrated in a study of the effect of cholesterol in egg lecithin multibilayers. When no cholesterol is present the probes are constrained to angles between 0° and 80° to the normal to the plane and show, superimposed, a rapid but restricted motion. The angular distribution decreases to a limiting range of 0° to 67° as cholesterol is increased to 25–30 mole % but the rapid motion is unaffected.
Transcending The Virgin/Whore Dichotomy: Telling Mina's Story in Bram Stoker's Dracula

This essay explores an alternative perspective on the virgin/whore dichotomy, a frame often used in feminist criticism of popular media. Past use of the dichotomy emphasizes how women are classified according to men's needs and experiences, a useful approach for examining the manifestation of patriarchal ideology. However, our approach asks instead how representations of sexuality might be decoded if women's needs and experiences are used as the foundation of inquiry. We offer a case study of Bram Stoker's Dracula, interpreting representations of sexuality in the film and screenplay as experienced by the primary female character, Mina. In doing so, we suggest an alternative interpretation of the virgin/whore dichotomy, one that attempts to legitimize women's perspectives.
Advanced ion propulsion systems for affordable deep-space missions

Abstract A key feature of future deep-space science missions will be the need for significantly greater on-board propulsion capability. To meet this need, ion propulsion based on the technology that flew on NASA's Deep Space 1 spacecraft has now entered the mainstream of propulsion options available for deep-space missions. The next most likely science mission to use ion propulsion is the comet nucleus sample return (CNSR) mission. CNSR has recently been identified by the Solar System Exploration Subcommittee as the highest priority new mission for NASA's Exploration of the Solar System theme. Ion propulsion for CNSR enables the use of a smaller, less expensive launch vehicle, and significantly shortens the overall trip time. A trade study for CNSR was performed to identify engine and system technology improvements, which provide the greatest mission benefits for the lowest additional risk. This trade study indicated that the maximum specific impulse of the ion engine should be increased from 3100 to 3800 s and that the maximum engine input power should be increased from 2.3 to 3.2 kW . Simultaneously the engine total propellant throughput capability must be increased from the 80-kg NSTAR design point to approximately 180 kg . A focused technology program to make these advances is underway.
DEDEKIND'S STRUCTURALISM: AN INTERPRETATION AND PARTIAL DEFENSE

Various contributors to recent philosophy of mathematics havetaken Richard Dedekind to be the founder of structuralismin mathematics. In this paper I examine whether Dedekind did, in fact, hold structuralist views and, insofar as that is the case, how they relate to the main contemporary variants. In addition, I argue that his writings contain philosophical insights that are worth reexamining and reviving. The discussion focusses on Dedekind's classic essay “Was sind und was sollen die Zahlen?”, supplemented by evidence from “Stetigkeit und irrationale Zahlen”, his scientific correspondence, and his Nachlas.
An extended hydrodynamic theory for particle coarsening—II: Understanding the inhibited coarsening of faceted particles

Abstract A particle coarsening mechanism is derived for the case where the rate controlling step is the nucleation of atomic pillboxes on the external surfaces of the growing particles. The kinetics of such coarsening is derived, based on an extension of the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner asymptotic hydrodynamic theory described in Part I of this paper. The derived coarsening kinetics are discussed with respect to the recent Wynblatt-Gjostein data on the inhibited coarsening of faceted platinum particles on flat alumina substrates.
Heart Failure and Breast Cancer Therapies: Moving Towards Personalized Risk Assessment

Cardio-oncology, a new clinical discipline focused on the cardiovascular care of cancer patients, represents a new avenue for interdisciplinary collaboration between clinical oncologists and cardiologists as well as between basic scientists and clinical investigators.[1][1] Many of these
A moving unstructured staggered mesh method for the simulation of incompressible free-surface flows

A new moving staggered mesh discretization for the numerical simulation of incompressible flow problems involving free-surfaces is presented. The method uses the staggered mesh to obtain speed and conservation properties. Mesh motion provides a high quality mesh in the interior and cetailed resolution of the free-surface motion on the surface. Mesh flipping allows for optimal mesh connectivity to be maintained. The method uses an exact projection procedure which reduces the number of unknowns as well as satisfying the continuity constraint without solving a pressure Poisson equation. The implementation of surface tensior forces in the staggered mesh framework is discussed. The resulting method is tested against analytical solutions for liquid sloshing and free-surface channel flow. It is also demonstrated on the cases of droplet collision, three-dimensional sloshing, and turbulence next to a free-surface.
Narcissism and Task Persistence

Two studies investigated narcissists' persistence in attempting impossible tasks framed as intelligence tests. Narcissism predicted more task persistence when no alternative paths to self-enhancement were available (Study 1) and less persistence when alternative routes to self-enhancement were provided (Study 2). Overall, the results suggest that narcissists can maintain confidence and tolerate setbacks in pursuit of a goal, but may quickly withdraw from challenging tasks if given an easier path to success. Narcissists were more motivated than others to perform well, yet narcissism predicted more positive emotions following failure. Although narcissists have displayed substantial volatility in response to failure in past research, the present studies suggest that narcissists are also capable of resiliency.
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a Toxic Aldehyde in French Fries from Fast Food Restaurants

The toxic lipid peroxidation product, α,β,4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (HNE) concentration, was measured in French fries (FF) from six local fast food restaurants. FF were purchased between 2 and 3 pm from all six restaurants. FF were also purchased at 12, 2, 4, 6 pm from one and at 1, 3, 5, 7 pm from another restaurant. Samples were analyzed for total fat, fatty acid distribution and for HNE by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HNE was confirmed by HPLC/MS. HNE concentrations in FF from the 6 fast food restaurants were between 7.83 and 32.15 µg HNE/100 g FF and between 0.9 and 4.9 µg HNE/g extracted fat. HNE concentrations in FF purchased at 12, 2, 4, 6 pm were between 19.07 and 32.15 µg/g of FF and purchased at 1, 3, 5, 7 pm were between 7.47 and 10.21 µg HNE/100 g of FF. Differences in FA distribution were observed in the samples from some restaurants. FF which contained higher levels of linoleic acid (LA) also contained more HNE. It is clear that HNE is produced during the heating process of the frying oils and is incorporated into FF. Frequently consumed foods containing considerable amounts of HNE, a toxic aldehyde, may be a public health concern since HNE toxicity is related to a number of common pathological conditions.
Certainty or Accessibility: Attitude Strength in Candidate Evaluations

Attitude strength is an important, but contested, subject in social psychology. Political scientists often rely on measures of attitude strength such as attitude importance, accessibility, or certainty in their work while ignoring the politically meaningful differences across types of strength. This omission is particularly relevant in the discussion of the formation of candidate evaluations. The research reported here indicates that accessibility is not the relevant type of attitude strength when describing how voters use issues in evaluating candidates. Instead, voters' reliance on issues when evaluating candidates depends on the voter's certainty about where the candidates stand. Given the different antecedents of certainty and accessibility, this result suggests that that citizens are able to more carefully process and use information available to them during an election campaign than would be expected by the prevailing theories of attitude formation.
School Psychologist: Nomad or Settler:

Cain was stronger than Abel because Cain was a farmer, a settler, while Abel was a shepherd, a nomad. Cain rose and slew his brother because he was the stronger; he had land-attachments, and he fought for them. Abel, the nomad, was “weak” and knew not how to defend himself, for he had no “mental bonds” that would incite him to an act of defense. And the most fitting punishment for Cain was for him to become a nomad, wandering the earth, restless and derelict.—Soloveichik.
Fathers’ Involvement in Child Care and Perceptions of Parenting Skill Over the Transition to Parenthood:

This study explored first-time fathers’ perceived child care skill over the transition to parenthood, based on face-to-face interviews of 152 working-class, dual-earner couples. Analyses examined the associations among fathers’ perceived skill and prenatal perception of skill, child care involvement, mothers’ breastfeeding, maternal gatekeeping, mothers’ work hours, fathers’ depressive symptoms, and fathers’ beliefs about responding to a crying child. Involvement was also examined as a potential mediator between some predictors and perceived skill. Findings suggest that breastfeeding and depressive symptoms were not related to involvement or perceived skill. Maternal gatekeeping was unrelated to skill yet had a negative relationship with involvement, if only at 1-month postpartum. Early father involvement mediated the relationship between perceived skill before and after the birth only for fathers who supported prompt response to a crying child. Finally, involvement at 1 year mediated the positive relatio...
Droplet Size and Emulsifier Type Affect Crystallization and Melting of Hydrocarbon-in-Water Emulsions

Differential scanning calorimetry was used to monitor crystallization and melting of 20 wt% n-hexadecane oil-in-water emulsions. The temperature at which droplet crystallization occurred depended on type of emulsifier used to stabilize the droplets: sodium caseinate, whey protein isolate, Tween 20. 40. 60 and 80 or sodium dodecyl sulfate. Emulsifiers with hydrocarbon; ails close in structure to n-hexadecane promdted crystallization at higher temperatures, which suggested that emulsifier molecules at the interface acted as nucleation sites for oil. Smaller droplets crystallized at a slower rate than larger droplets. Droplet size and emulsifier type had no appreciable effect on melting behavior of the droplets.
The ABC's of thoracic trauma imaging.

The approach to thoracic trauma will be divided into two major categories in this article: parenchymal and extraparenchymal injuries. The radiographic and CT appearance of pulmonary edema, aspiration, atelectasis, and contusion will be reviewed. The extraparenchymal injuries will revolve around the ABC approach outlined by Dr Jud Gurney. 1 Review of common presentations as well as evolving diagnostic and pathological etiologies will be discussed in the article. The morbidity and mortality of trauma in the United States is substantial. Trauma is the third leading cause of death overall and most frequent cause for those less than 35 years of age. Thoracic injuries account for 25 to 35% of trauma-related deaths. 2 Mortality from blunt chest trauma is usually due to aortic or great vessel injury. While great vessel injuries account for much of the mortality, they occur in only 1% of victims suffering blunt chest trauma. Pulmonary parenchymal injuries such as contusion and laceration are more common, occurring in 30 to 70% of blunt thoracic trauma victims. Currently, the supine chest radiograph is obtained as a screening examination for the vast majority of trauma patients and remains an excellent tool for early detection of life-threatening thoracic injuries. In the emergency setting, a “quick read” assists the primary team in patient triage. Though chest CT scans along with CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis are obtained with increased frequency in blunt trauma patients, radiographs are not obsolete and maintain an important role in early diagnosis and patient triage. The evaluation of the radiographs will be divided in this article by common parenchymal and extraparenchymal injuries. Parenchymal injuries include aspiration, atelectasis, contusion, and edema. In the evaluation of extraparenchymal injuries we describe an algorithm set forth by Dr Jud Gurney (www.chestx-ray.com) modeled after the ABC’s of clinical management, which addresses the mechanical disruption of thoracic anatomy and its physiologic consequences.
Forecasting Foreign Trade with Leading Indicators

When the National Bureau of Economic Research began the International Economic Indicator project in 1973 we had two initial objectives. The first was to test the feasibility of employing traditional NBER methods to identify growth cycles in a number of market-oriented economies. The second objective was to see whether the Ieading, roughly coincident, and lagging indicators, which had proved reliable in analyzing business cycles in the United States, would prove equally useful in analyzing growth cycles in the United States and abroad. Our paper at the 1975 CIRE.T meetings in Stockholm, as well as other reports, demonstrated that the NBER indicators can be adapted to both these purposes, and we are now engaged in developing a system for monitoring international instability along these lines. In this endeavor we are cooperating with the OECD in establishing a current data bank which we trust will prove helpful for many purposes in all the countries that ultimately can be included.
Colony Disturbance and Nosema Disease

SUMMARYColonies of honeybees that were opened and manipulated at regular intervals showed more infection with Nosema apis than others that were not opened. Thus queen-rearing colonies, which must be manipulated frequently, are likely to be more highly infected than colonies worked normally for honey production.
Predictors of restenosis after carotid artery stenting in 241 cases

Background Variable rates of restenosis after carotid artery stenting (CAS) have been reported, and few predictors have been suggested. Because CAS is being performed with increasing frequency, more data are needed to evaluate the rate and predictors of restenosis and possibly identify new risk factors for restenosis after CAS. The aim of this study was to analyze the rate and predictors of restenosis after CAS. Methods 241 patients with carotid artery stenosis treated with stenting were analyzed retrospectively to identify patients who had restenosis after stenting. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to determine the predictors of restenosis. Results Mean patient age was 67.5 years. 8.3% of patients who underwent CAS had carotid restenosis of ≥50% during follow-up. 3.7% of patients required retreatment. Mean duration from CAS to retreatment was 11 months. In multivariate analysis, the predictors of restenosis included history of cardiovascular disease (OR=8.88, p Conclusions Our results suggest that the rate of carotid restenosis after stenting is low. Patients with cardiovascular disease, patients who had a CVA prior to stenting, and patients with higher percentages of preoperative stenosis had higher odds of restenosis. Higher rates of restenosis should be kept in mind when opting for CAS in these patients.
A Comparative Characterization Study of Molybdenum Oxide Thin Films Grown Using Femtosecond and Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Deposition

Group 6 transition metal oxide thin films are in large demand for photocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, fuel cell, battery and electronic applications. Pulsed laser deposition offers an inexpensive method for the preparation of nanostructured thin films that may be suitable for heterogeneous catalysis. We have synthesized molybdenum oxide thin films using two types of pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The first method utilizes femtosecond laser-based PLD (f-PLD) while the second method uses an excimer (nanosecond) laser-based PLD (n-PLD). The PLD films have been deposited using f-PLD and, separately, n-PLD on glass and silicon substrates and subsequently annealed to 450 °C for up to 20 hours in air using a Linkam stage. SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopic characterization shows that the f-PLD films are substantially more textured and partially crystalline prior to annealing whereas the n-PLD-grown thin films are much smoother and predominantly amorphous. A 3-dimensional nano-crystalline structure is evident in the post-annealed f-PLD synthesized thin films, which is desirable for catalytic applications. XPS elemental analysis shows that the stoichiometry of the f-PLD and n-PLD thin films is consistent with the presence of MoO2 and MoO3. Our results are discussed in terms of thin film growth models suitable for f-PLD vs n-PLD.
Norovirus infectious diarrhea epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics analysis of Haizhu district in Guangzhou city

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of the outbreaks of norovirus infectious diarrhea in Haizhu district. Methods 51 Rectal swab samples from 5 outbreak sites from May to December in 2014 were collected. Norovirus was detected by RT- PCR. Results The outbreaks occurred in school,mainly occurred in May and from October to December. 24 in 51 samples were detected positive,and they belonged to same geno group( GⅡ). Younger children's GⅡ infection accounts for the proportion is91. 7%. Conclusions Haizhu district existing Norovirus infectious diarrhea outbreak. Genoguoup Ⅱ was the prevalence.
Prevention of Urethral Strictures in the Management of Posterior Urethral Valves

AbstractOur 28 patients with posterior urethral valves managed with transurethral resection have sufficient followup to evaluate the development of urethral strictures. Of these 28 patients 14 were less than 1 year old when the valves were resected and strictures developed in 7 (50 per cent). Of the 14 patients who were more than 1 year old when the valves were resected none had a stricture. Within the latter group was a subgroup of patients who were treated with early vesicostomy and later valve resection. None of these patients suffered a stricture. Our data indicate that stricture formation is high when valve resection is attempted in the neonate or small infant and can be prevented by primary vesicostomy and delayed valve resection.
In Favor of “Leader Proofing”

Although it is widely assumed that successful polities require strong leaders, something like the opposite is probably the case. A successful political system may well be one that has no need of strong leaders and may even eschew them. Strong leaders may occasionally be desirable in any polity, but those occasions are–or should be–rare. As often as not (possibly more often than not) strong leaders pose substantial risks. They are liable to do as much damage as good, possibly more. There is a lot to be said for any polity's political culture and institutions having built into them a fair amount of “leader proofing.”
The Democratization and Commercialization of Public Space

Close to forty years ago, John Berger warned that 'publicity (or, as we would say, advertising) turns consumption into a substitute for democracy.' As enlightenment theorists such as Rousseau suggest, democracy requires a sphere within which to cultivate the habits and attitudes needed to sustain democratic practices. The commingled roots of the development of the eighteenth century public sphere along with the increasing commodification of culture, however, points to a tangled connection between democracy and consumption, the public and the market. This essay will examine the relationship between the democratization and commercialization of public space by focusing on contemporary political and legal controversies over the regulation of billboards. The claims made by political, legal, and corporate bodies over control of the presentation of images on billboards provide opportunities for examining contemporary understandings of the 'public' and its relationship to the market, as well as broader understandings of democracy under the conditions of late capitalism. The essay will argue for the continuing relevance of eighteenth century democratic insights while also pointing to the disjunctions between an enlightenment concept of the public sphere and the contemporary context in which the concept is employed.
A rational model of causal induction with continuous causes

Rational models of causal induction have been successful in accounting for people's judgments about causal relationships. However, these models have focused on explaining inferences from discrete data of the kind that can be summarized in a 2 × 2 contingency table. This severely limits the scope of these models, since the world often provides non-binary data. We develop a new rational model of causal induction using continuous dimensions, which aims to diminish the gap between empirical and theoretical approaches and real-world causal induction. This model successfully predicts human judgments from previous studies better than models of discrete causal inference, and outperforms several other plausible models of causal induction with continuous causes in accounting for people's inferences in a new experiment.
Nitrate Sensing and Metabolism Inhibit Biofilm Formation in the Opportunistic Pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei by Reducing the Intracellular Concentration of c-di-GMP

The opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei is a saprophytic bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis, an emerging infectious disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although melioidosis is most prevalent during the rainy season in endemic areas, domestic gardens and farms can also serve as a reservoir for B. pseudomallei during the dry season, in part due to irrigation and fertilizer use. In the environment, B. pseudomallei forms biofilms and persists in soil near plant root zones. Biofilms are dynamic bacterial communities whose formation is regulated by extracellular cues and corresponding changes in the nearly universal secondary messenger cyclic di-GMP. Recent studies suggest B. pseudomallei loads are increased by irrigation and the addition of nitrate-rich fertilizers, whereby such nutrient imbalances may be linked to the transmission epidemiology of this important pathogen. We hypothesized that exogenous nitrate inhibits B. pseudomallei biofilms by reducing the intracellular concentration of c-di-GMP. Bioinformatics analyses revealed B. pseudomallei 1026b has the coding capacity for nitrate sensing, metabolism, and transport distributed on both chromosomes. Using a sequence-defined library of B. pseudomallei 1026b transposon insertion mutants, we characterized the role of denitrification genes in biofilm formation in response to nitrate. Our results indicate that the denitrification pathway is implicated in B. pseudomallei biofilm growth dynamics and biofilm formation is inhibited by exogenous addition of sodium nitrate. Genomics analysis identified transposon insertional mutants in a predicted two-component system (narX/narL), a nitrate reductase (narGH), and a nitrate transporter (narK-1) required to sense nitrate and alter biofilm formation. Additionally, the results presented here show that exogenous nitrate reduces intracellular levels of the bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP. These results implicate the role of nitrate sensing in the regulation of a c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase and the corresponding effects on c-di-GMP levels and biofilm formation in B. pseudomallei 1026b.
A simulation of anthropogenic Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) extinction

The cause of the extinction of the Columbian mammoth (Mammuthus columbi) and other species of megafauna during the end of the Pleistocene epoch is an ongoing debate. In this study, we used mathemat...
A hot debut

The first campaign of the largest stellarator ever built, Wendelstein 7-X, has been successful, achieving high electron temperatures and minimal self-generated plasma current. This is very encouraging for future long-pulse, full-power operation.
Percutaneous transluminal atherectomy of the peripheral and coronary arteries

Since the first coronary angioplasty was performed in 1977 by Gruentzig, angioplasty has gained wide acceptance as a treatment for coronary artery disease. Angioplasty is a less invasive and less costly alternative to bypass surgery and has a lower morbidity. Over the last decade improvements in the equipment have allowed for expanded indications for angioplasty, thereby increasing the number of patients able to be treated with this procedure. Angioplasty, however, has been plagued with a recurrence rate of approximately 30%, as well as acute occlusions resulting from dissections. In addition, eccentric lesions do not respond well to angioplasty and hard, fibrous or calcified lesions often fail to dilate. Atherectomy is one of several new techniques currently being developed to address these shortcomings.
Ultrasound and Pathology

It seems to be a current assumption, when one considers how best to develop ultrasound to examine biological tissues, that the higher the resolution, that is, the nearer one can approach the level of resolution offered by light microscopy, the likelier one is to make significant observations about such tissues. While the ultrasonic examination of tissues at a cellular level will no doubt provide important data and observations,1/2 we feel that it is a mistake to overlook the importance of examining tissues ultra-sonically at a level of resolution generally within the range afforded by the unaided eye. The practice of anatomic pathology entails the examination of tissues both with the naked eye (grossly) and with the light microscope in order to determine presence, extent and nature of disease. In general, the presence, extent, and nature of the disease is recognized by the presence, extent, and pattern of disruption of normal structures.
Methods to Predict Beaver Dam Occurrence in Coastal Oregon

Pools provided by beaver (Castor canadensis) contribute to critical habitat requirements of salmonids in fluvial systems of the Pacific Northwest, therefore more land managers are interested in managing watersheds that include beavers or engaging in beaver-related restoration projects. We evaluated the utility of applying an existing beaver habitat suitability model to better understand beaver dam site characteristics in coastal Oregon, identify optimum dam site locations, and guide future beaver-related restoration efforts. We used a combination of t-tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests, and a stepwise discriminant function analysis to examine stream habitat associations with field data collected at known and predicted dam sites at reach and pool/riffle levels. We found bank-full width, valley floor width, and channel gradient performed well in predicting dam locations across the Alsea River Basin. Known dam sites had wider valley floors, shallower shoreline slopes, and fewer larger, deeper pools than predicted sites. Overall, our results suggest the beaver habitat suitability model combined with a digital elevation model can be used to guide where beaver dams may occur within the Alsea River Basin, yet they do not capture fine scale habitat associations that may lead to a settling response in beavers. For example, presence of large deep pools may be necessary for beavers to escape predation before and during dam building. Results from our study may be used to prioritize potential dam sites in other coastal basins that have similar geomorphic characteristics.
Funeral Rituals following the Death of a Child in Taiwan

This study explores the practices of 25 Taiwanese families following the death of a child from cancer. Detailed description of the families’ Post-death practices was obtained through semi-structure...
Clinical Outcomes of Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma

Abstract Background Small bowel adenocarcinomas (SBAs) are rare tumors. Management of SBA is extrapolated from colorectal cancer treatments. Recent evidence suggests that the biology and molecular features of SBA differ from colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management and outcome of SBA patients. Patients and Methods The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) was queried for patients with SBA between 2004 and 2013 using ICD-O-3 histology code 8140/3 and topography codes C17.0, C17.1, C17.2, C17.8, and C17.9. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted to analyze the association between SBA location and overall survival (OS) stratified by stage. Treatment outcomes of surgery, radiation, and systemic therapy were compared. Results A total of 7954 SBA patients were identified; duodenum (D) 4607 (57.9%), jejunum (J) 1241 (15.6%), ileum (I) 857 (10.8%), and unspecified 1249 (15.7%). A total of 53.6% patients were male, and 76.6% white. Median age was 66 years. D mostly presented as stage IV disease (37.6%), J as stage II (34.5%) and IV disease (33.8%), and I as stage II (32.2%) and III (30.3%) disease (P Conclusion Most SBA patients present with stage IV disease. D underwent surgery less often than J and I. Stage II and III D received adjuvant chemotherapy less often compared to stage II and III J and I. Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved OS in patients with stage II-III disease. J had the best 5-year OS rate, and D had the worst.
The Consistency of MJO Teleconnection Patterns on Interannual Time Scales

AbstractThe Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) excites strong variations in extratropical geopotential heights that modulate extratropical weather, making the MJO an important predictability source on...
Expression of Preprosomatostatin Genes in Heterologous Cells

The biosynthesis, intracellular transport and posttranslational processing of peptide hormone precursors is a very useful model for investigating cellular and molecular aspects of the secretory pathway. Since the discovery of proinsulin, it is evident that most polypeptide hormones are synthesized as larger precursors. DNA sequencing has established the sequence of numerous hormone and neuropeptide precursors (Douglass et al., 1984), many of which contain the sequences of several bioactive peptides. To generate a biologically active peptide from its precursor, the pro hormone must be proteolytically cleaved and in addition, may undergo several post-translational modifications including glycosylation, sulfation, phosphorylation, amidation and acetylation (Mains, et al., 1983). These reactions occur sequentially as the precursor is transported from the ER to the Golgi apparatus and secretory granules prior to secretion. A major goal of our laboratory is to identify sorting and processing sequences in the precursor to the peptide hormone somatostatin.
Frenemies: When Firms and Activists Collaborate

This paper examines how contentious targeting of firms by movements influences the formation of firm-activist collaborations. I integrate research on social movements and interorganizational collab...
Modeling with Stable Distributions

Stable distributions have been proposed as a model for many types of physical and economic systems. There are several reasons for using a stable distribution to describe a system. The first is where there are solid theoretical reasons for expecting a non-Gaussian stable model, e.g. reflection off a rotating mirror yielding a Cauchy distribution, hitting times for a Brownian motion yielding a Levy distribution, the gravitational field of stars yielding the Holtsmark distribution; see below for these and other examples.
Mental health stigma and professional help-seeking behaviors among Asian American and Asian international students.

To examine the relationship between stigma and mental health help-seeking among Asian American and Asian international college students. Participants: Asian American college students (401 men, 858 ...
Should PLEX Be Used for Severe AKI and/or Pulmonary Hemorrhage in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (AAV)? CON

Vasculitis associated with the formation of ANCA manifests in several forms defined by the extent of organ involvement (renal limited or systemic), with or without granulomatous tissue involvement, and by the presence and nature of the ANCA (antimyeloperoxidase or antiproteinase 3 and associated autoantibodies, in particular antiglomerular basement membrane [anti-GBM] autoantibodies) (1). Severe kidney disease with extensive crescentic involvement and a clinical syndrome of rapidly progressive GN is common in all forms of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) (1). Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), of varying severity, can be seen in many kinds of GN (Goodpasture syndrome) but is particularly common in AAV, with or without anti-GBM antibody (2). The therapy of AAV has greatly improved in recent years, and the use of rituximab (RTX), cyclophosphamide (CYC), or combinations of RTX and CYC plus moderate doses of steroids can effectively and safely induce a complete or partial remission in the great majority of patients (3 ⇓–5). The role of adjunctive therapy with plasmapheresis (PLEX) has been controversial, except in cases where anti-GBM autoantibody disease is found alone or concomitantly with AAV. The publication of the large Plasma Exchange and glucocorticoid dosing in treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (PEXIVAS) trial in 2020 has generated much attention to this controversy (6). This debate focuses on this controversy by laying out a precise question: should PLEX be used for severe AKI and/or pulmonary hemorrhage in patients with AAV? For this debate, I will interpret “severe” as meaning the need for artificial organ support (dialysis for AKI or mechanical ventilation for DAH). I will also interpret ANCA vasculitis as meaning a positive (antimyeloperoxidase or antiproteinase 3 autoantibody in the absence of anti-GBM antibody and clinical or morphologic evidence of a vasculitis involving the kidney without or with extrarenal involvement, including DAH. …
Gould’s Icones avium (1837–1838) and vagrancy in the Pennant-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus vexillarius — could it wander to islands in the Indian Ocean?

The Pennant-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus vexillarius was described in 1838 by John Gould from a male in breeding plumage, but its given locality, various islands in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea coas...
Management of Dysplasia in Ulcerative Colitis

Surveillance colonoscopies for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are necessary to monitor for the development of cancer and its precursor, dysplasia. The management of dysplasia in the setting of UC has been evolving over the past two decades. This is in large part due to higher resolution colonoscopes and development of advanced endoscopic techniques, such as chromoendoscopy, endoscopic mucosal resection, and endoscopic submucosal dissection. Mucosal evaluation, as well as identification and removal of dysplastic tissue, has improved markedly, such that the majority of dysplasia is now considered visible. Whereas previously random biopsies were deemed necessary for surveillance, currently their value is uncertain. Surveillance with high-definition colonoscopes is recommended and consideration of chromoendoscopy is suggested. During colonoscopy, if visible dysplasia is identified and removed completely, continued surveillance is appropriate. If dysplasia is unresectable or there are other high-risk factors such as primary sclerosing cholangitis or multifocality, patients should undergo colectomy. If random biopsies are taken and high-grade dysplasia is identified, that is, invisible dysplasia, patients should similarly consider colectomy. Surgical options include total proctocolectomy with end ileostomy versus ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Patients undergoing pouch surgery must continue surveillance for dysplasia of the rectal cuff and the pouch. Although surgical management remains an important option for dysplasia in the setting of UC, endoscopic surveillance and resection have improved tremendously, leading to a shift in the overall management strategies for these patients.
Development and validation of a polysocial risk score for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Abstract Objective To date, the extent to which social determinants of health (SDOH) may help identify individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) – beyond traditional risk factors – has not been quantified using a cumulative social disadvantage approach. The objective of this study was to develop, and validate, a polysocial risk score (PsRS) for prevalent ASCVD in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States (US). Methods We used data from the 2013–2017 National Health Interview Survey. A total of 38 SDOH were identified from the database. Stepwise and criterion-based selection approaches were applied to derive PsRS, after adjusting for traditional risk factors. Logistic regression models were fitted to assign risk scores to individual SDOH, based on relative effect size magnitudes. PsRS was calculated by summing risk scores for individual SDOH, for each participant; and validated using a separate validation cohort. Results Final sample comprised 164,696 adults. PsRS included 7 SDOH: unemployment, inability to pay medical bills, low income, psychological distress, delayed care due to lack of transport, food insecurity, and less than high school education. PsRS ranged from 0–20 and exhibited excellent calibration and discrimination. Individuals with the highest PsRS (5th quintile) had nearly 4-fold higher ASCVD prevalence, relative to those with the lowest risk scores (1st quintile). Area under receiver operating curve (AU-ROC) for PsRS with SDOH alone was 0.836. Addition of SDOH to the model with only demographic and clinical risk factors (AU-ROC=0.852) improved overall discriminatory power, with AU-ROC for final PsRS (demographics + clinical + SDOH) = 0.862. Conclusions Cumulatively, SDOH may help identify individuals with ASCVD, beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. In this study, we provide a unique validated PsRS for ASCVD in a national sample of US adults. Future study should target development of similar scores in diverse populations, and incorporate longitudinal study designs.
The Dorsal Shields of the Thyasidae

The earliest specialists in watermites, e.g. Koenike, Piersig and Wolcott, noticed the dorsal shields of the Thyasidae, but they were unable to make use of these sclerotized plates for taxonomic purposes. By studying these shields and their associated glands, Lundblad was the first to prove that there are features associated with these plates which distinguish the different genera of the family. In 1927 Lundblad published his famous scheme dealing with both plates and glands and this has been accepted by all workers on Hydracarina. Lundblad found the following organs: 1. Plates — frontale (unpaired, pigment present or absent) 2 frontalia (prae-, postfrontalia) 2 okularia (prae-, postokularia) 5 dorsocentralia 4 dorsolateralia 2. Glands 7 dorso glandularia 4 latero glandularia
Do students use testing and feedback while learning? A focus on key concept definitions and learning to criterion

Abstract College students must regulate much of their learning and hence it is important to discover whether they use effective study techniques, such as testing with feedback. We conducted three experiments to evaluate the degree to which college students use testing with feedback as they are learning key concept definitions. The three main issues of interest concerned (a) whether students tested themselves during practice, (b) whether they followed tests with feedback, and (c) whether they continued to practice until they could correctly recall each definition one or more times. In each experiment, students in the self-regulated group could choose to engage in three activities (test, study, or evaluate test responses) in whatever order or dosage they wanted during practice. For purposes of comparison in each experiment, a Criterion 3 group completed an experimenter-controlled schedule of test-study practice until each definition was correctly recalled three times. All participants completed a final test one week later. Among the key outcomes, students who self-regulated their learning used tests and often sought feedback soon after. When students incorrectly recalled a definition, they typically chose to study the definition, whereas when they recalled some of a definition correctly, they typically chose to evaluate the quality of their response. Although students on average continued to test themselves until they correctly recalled each definition once, they underperformed on the final test as compared to the Criterion 3 group. Thus, in the present context, students do use testing while learning, but results also suggest that they do not take full advantage of this effective study technique.
Household Food Insecurity and Asthma in the 3rd Grade of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort

In 2013, 20% of U.S. households with children experienced food insecurity, which is associated with poor physical and nutritional health and shares determinants such as poverty and race with asthma...
The local cohomology modules of Matlis reflexive modules are almost cofinite

We show that if M and N are Matlis reflexive modules over a complete Gorenstein local domain R and I is an ideal of R such that the dimension of R/I is one, then the modules ExtR(N,H j I (M)) are Matlis reflexive for all i and j if Supp(N) ⊆ V (I). It follows that the Bass numbers of HjI(M) are finite. If R is not a domain, then the same results hold for M = R.
Protein Dynamics from NMR Relaxation

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Theoretical Considerations 3 Pulse Sequences and Data Analysis 4 Two-Dimensional Heteronuclear Relaxation Studies of Proteins 5 Summary of 15N Work and Prospects for 13C Measurements 6 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
Oxidation Kinetics and Strength Degradation of Carbon Fibers in a Cracked Ceramic Matrix Composite

Experimental results and oxidation modeling will be presented to discuss carbon fiber susceptibility to oxidation, the oxidation kinetics regimes and composite strength degradation and failure due to oxidation. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) was used to study the oxidation rates of carbon fiber and of a pyro-carbon interphase. The analysis was used to separately obtain activation energies for the carbon constituents within a C/SiC composite. TGA was also conducted on C/SiC composite material to study carbon oxidation and crack closure as a function of temperature. In order to more closely match applications conditions C/SiC tensile coupons were also tested under stressed oxidation conditions. The stressed oxidation tests show that C/SiC is much more susceptible to oxidation when the material is under an applied load where the cracks are open and allow for oxygen ingress. The results help correlate carbon oxidation with composite strength reduction and failure.
Separation of isotopic-spin-1/2 and -3/2 πN systems in pp→NπN reactions at 6.6 GeV/creactions at 6.6 GeV/c

Data for the reactions pp → pπ+n and pp → ppπ0 at 6.6 GeV/c are used to obtain the cross-sections for the production of isotopic-spin-1/2 and −3/2 πN systems as well as their mutual interference term. Invariant-mass and momentum transfer projections are presented. Comparisons are made with previous results at 6.92 and 19 GeV/c.