cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic heterogeneity estimated by RAPD polymorphism of four tuber-bearing potato species differing by breeding system

Most wild potato germplasm in genebanks is collected, preserved, and evaluated as botanical seed populations that may be highly heterozygous and heterogeneous. However, some species are selfers so potentially very homozygous, perhaps also homogeneous. Intrapopulation heterogeneity increases sampling error that can undermine consistency in seed regeneration in the genebank, screening results, germplasm collecting, and estimates of taxonomic relationships. Thus, knowledge of genetic heterogeneity (GH) can predict the need to commit more resources for larger sample sizes or replication when populations of a given species are being regenerated, evaluated, collected, and classified. This study investigated withinpopulation GH in 32 potato populations comprising four different breeding systems observed inSolatium species:S. fendleri (2n=4x=48, disomic selfer),S. jamesii (2n=2x=24, outcrosser),S. sucrense (2n=4x=48, tetrasomic outcrosser), andS. verrucosum (2n=2x=24, selfer). RAPD markers were used to estimate heterogeneity among 24 individuals per population. Populations ofS. verrucosum were quite homogeneous with an average GH of 6.0%. Similarly low heterogeneity was detected among the eight populations ofS. fendleri (average GH=7.1%). In contrast,S. jamesii andS. sucrense had a much higher GH of 29.4% and 44.1%, respectively. These results demonstrate and quantify the great difference in intrapopulation heterogeneity among wild potato species. Calculations based on intrapopulation heterogeneity indicate that samples should be composed of 25 to 30 random plants for low sample variation that is uniform for all species.
A levitation technique for determining particle hydrophobicity

Abstract A new technique designed to evaluate the hydrophobicity of fine particles is described. Results of the hydrophobicity measurements correlate well with those of the Hallimond tube flotation tests both in triply distilled water and in 1·10−3 mol dm−3 AlCl3 solution. Experimental error analysis indicates that this technique is more sensitive for detecting small changes in the hydrophobicity than the Hallimond tube tests used for determining floatability.
Improved chemical syntheses of 5,6-dihydro-5-fluorouracil

5,6-dihydro-5-fluorouracil (5-DHFU) is a metabolite of the chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) of importance for biological studies. 5-DHFU has been prepared by enzymatic reduction of 5-FU and in very low yield by hydrogenation of 5-FU; however, a practical chemical synthesis is not available. Facile racemic syntheses of 5-DHFU from 5-FU or uracil, using p-methoxybenzyl protecting groups followed by L-Selectride reduction, are reported.
Thrombospondins function as regulators of angiogenesis

Thrombospondins (TSPs) -1 and -2 were among the first protein inhibitors of angiogenesis to be identified, a property that was subsequently attributed to the interactions of sequences in their type I repeats with endothelial cell-surface receptors. The interactions of TSPs-1 and -2 with cell-surface receptors, proteases, growth factors, and other bioactive molecules, coupled with the absence of direct structural functions that can be attributed to these matrix proteins, qualify them for inclusion in the category of ‘matricellular proteins’. The phenotypes of TSP-1, TSP-2, and double TSP-1/2-null mice confirm the roles that these proteins play in the regulation of angiogenesis, and provide clues to some of the other important functions of these multi-domain proteins. One of these functions is the ability of TSP-1 to activate the latent TGFβ1 complex, a property that is not shared by TSP-2. A major pathway by which TSP1 or TSP2 inhibits angiogenesis involves an interaction with CD 36 on endothelial cells, which leads to apoptosis of both the liganded and adjacent cells. However a homeostatic mechanism, which inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, and may be physiologically preferable under some circumstances, has also been elucidated, and involves interaction with the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR). The interaction of TSP1with its receptor, CD47, further inhibits angiogenesis by antagonizing nitric oxide signaling in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Paradoxically, there is also evidence that TSP-1 can function to promote angiogenesis. This apparent contradiction can be explained by the presence of sequences in different domains of the protein that interact with different receptors on endothelial cells. The anti-angiogenic function of TSPs has spurred interest in their use as anti-tumor agents. Currently, peptide mimetics, based on sequences in the type I repeats of TSPs that have been shown to have anti-angiogenic properties, are undergoing clinical testing.
The role of percutaneous nephrostomy in gynecologic oncology

Percutaneous nephrostomy can provide rapid relief of renal failure due to ureteral obstruction by contiguous spread of cervical malignancy. A series of 26 percutaneous nephrostomies placed in 14 patients with cervical cancer, using only local anesthesia and ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance is presented. Twelve patients experienced no complications, one developed pyelonephritis which cleared rapidly with antibiotics, and one suffered a hematoma managed by surgical nephrostomy. Three of six previously untreated patients and one of eight patients with recurrent disease survived over a year. A single exenterated patient was stented when anuria developed after surgery to correct a conduit leak. This patient survives at 1.5 years with no evidence of recurrence. Indications for percutaneous nephrostomy, anticipated benefits, and the decision-making process involved in determining who to stent is reviewed.
Novel approach for integration of an AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor with an InGaAs quantum well laser

A novel approach for integration of an AlGaAs/GaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistor (D-HBT) with an InGaAs quantum well (QW) laser is demonstrated. The QW of the laser is incorporated within the lightly doped GaAs collector region of the HBT while the p + -base and n + - region of the collector are used compatibly as the electrodes of the laser diode, thus eliminating the need for an independent laser structure. Advantages of this approach include single-step molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) growth without the thermal cycling associated with sequential growth or selective regrowth techniques. In addition, elimination of wire interconnects and corresponding parasitics between the HBT collector and the laser diode enhance the performance of the HBT/laser diode circuit. HBTs with current gain as high as 60 and compatible InGaAs quantum well lasers with room temperature threshold current density as low as 500 A/cm 2 have been successfully fabricated. Results demonstrate that the structure has potential for application in optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs), fiber optic communications, and optical interconnects.
Comparison of tamoxifen and hypophysectomy in breast cancer treatment

The effectiveness of hypophysectomy and tamoxifen in treating advanced breast cancer was compared in a randomized study of 26 patients who had responded to prior oophorectomy or additive hormonal therapy. When patients failed to respond or relapsed from tamoxifen or hypophysectomy, the therapy was crossed over. In this designed sequence, the rate and duration of response observed with tamoxifen or hypophysectomy used as the first regimen were comparable. The results suggest that tamoxifen is effective in the posthypophysectomy phase and the sequence of hypophysectomy followed by tamoxifen in hormone-dependent breast cancer is preferable to achieve a maximal control of the disease.
Photodynamic treatment of diseases

Certain dyes can be absorbed by biological tissue. If the dye absorbs light there, it can damage the tissue beyond repair. This effect is currently widely used to treat certain skin diseases and will undoubtedly be extended to internal diseases. A limited number of experiments have also shown its effectiveness against cancer in humans. Other dyes in tissue do no damage but merely fluoresce. The characteristics of this fluorescence may, in the future, be used to indicate the site and nature of disease in the body. Current optical technology seems particularly well adapted for use in these emerging areas of medicine. This paper suggests how optical technology, chemistry and clinical medicine may be combined in the photodynamic treatment of disease and forecasts the technological growth rates of the relevant biomedical specialties.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Role of Robert Liberman in the Development of Family Psychoeducation

Over the past 50 years, mental health professionals have come to recognize the enormous benefits that can be derived from involving the families of people with serious mental illness in the treatme...
Implementing social media in public sector organizations

Social media has been widely adopted by organizations in the recent past, and public sector organizations are also showing an increased interest in using this tool to meet their goals. In this paper, we describe three cases of social media adoption by public sector organizations, and the struggles faced in that implementation. We argue through the experience of implementing these systems that the characteristics of non-profit organizations, including the government and community service organizations that interact in the public sector, exacerbate problems of groupware adoption. In particular, public sector organizations involve multiple stakeholders coordinating in a distributed fashion, which leads to barriers to social media adoption to accomplish their goals.
Physical Activity among Veterans and Nonveterans with Diabetes

Engaging in regular physical activity (PA), with or without a corresponding decrease in weight, is associated with improved health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which PA differed between veterans and nonveterans and to determine how diabetes and age influenced this association. Data from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used in this study. Respondents were classified as having diabetes if they reported ever being diagnosed with diabetes except during pregnancy. Respondents who reported ever serving on active military duty were classified as veterans. Based on self-report, we calculated the average minutes per week of moderate, vigorous, and total activity. After adjusting for sex, race and ethnicity, household income, education level, body mass index (BMI), and recent health checkup, veteran status was associated with a small but significantly larger amount of average weekly moderate PA (2.2 minutes, P = 0.0058) but not average weekly vigorous PA (-0.02 minutes, P = 0.98). Diabetes and prediabetes were associated with significantly lower mean levels of both moderate and vigorous intensity PA, as was increasing age. Consistent with prior research, veterans engaged in more PA than nonveterans. The association between diabetes, age, and physical activity did not differ by veteran status.
Mathematical model of Chlorella minutissima UTEX2341 growth and lipid production under photoheterotrophic fermentation conditions

To reduce the cost of algal biomass production, mathematical model was developed for the first time to describe microalgae growth, lipid production and glycerin consumption under photoheterotrophic conditions based on logistic, Luedeking–Piret and Luedeking–Piret-like equations. All experiments were conducted in a 2 L batch reactor without considering CO2 effect on algae’s growth and lipid production. Biomass and lipid production increased with glycerin as carbon source and were well described by the logistic and Luedeking–Piret equations respectively. Model predictions were in satisfactory agreement with measured data and the mode of lipid production was growth-associated. Sensitivity analysis was applied to examine the effects of certain important parameters on model performance. Results showed that S0, the initial concentration of glycerin, was the most significant factor for algae growth and lipid production. This model is applicable for prediction of other single cell algal species but model testing is recommended before scaling up the fermentation of process.
Police discretion and elder mistreatment: A nested model of observation, reporting, and satisfaction

This study examined police reporting behavior in elder mistreatment (abuse, neglect, and exploitation) cases. Relying on a survey of police officers in Alabama, this research investigates a nested model of mandatory reporting using linear regression techniques. Only about half of all elder mistreatment cases are reported to the proper authorities. Job experience, contact with the elderly, understanding of mistreatment laws, and positive attitudes toward reporting should increase detection, reporting, and overall satisfaction with the system. These causal factors, however, increased detection and reporting, but not satisfaction. Improvements in training and knowledge in elder mistreatment can be counterpro-ductive.
Pipelined data parallel algorithms-I: concept and modeling

The basic concept of pipelined data-parallel algorithms is introduced by contrasting the algorithms with other styles of computation and by a simple example (a pipeline image distance transformation algorithm). Pipelined data-parallel algorithms are a class of algorithms which use pipelined operations and data level partitioning to achieve parallelism. Applications which involve data parallelism and recurrence relations are good candidates for this kind of algorithm. The computations are ideal for distributed-memory multicomputers. By controlling the granularity through data partitioning and overlapping the operations through pipelining, it is possible to achieve a balanced computation on multicomputers. An analytic model is presented for modeling pipelined data-parallel computation on multicomputers. The model uses timed Petri nets to describe data pipelining operations. As a case study, the model is applied to a pipelined matrix multiplication algorithm. Predicted results match closely with the measured performance on a 64-node NCUBE hypercube multicomputer. >
The VLSI Complexity of Sorting

The area-time complexity of sorting is analyzed under an updated model of VLSI computation. The new model makes a distinction between "processing" circuits and "memory" circuits; the latter are less important since they are denser and consume less power. Other adjustments to the model make it possible to compare pipelined and nonpipelined designs.
An anomalous absorption spectrum: The missing zero-phonon line of the F2-centre in KC1 crystals

Abstract The absorption spectrum of the M 1 band due to F 2 -centres in KC1 has been measured at 2°K. No zero-phonon line could be detected, though a very strong line is predicted.
Selenoproteins Are Essential for Proper Keratinocyte Function and Skin Development

Dietary selenium is known to protect skin against UV-induced damage and cancer and its topical application improves skin surface parameters in humans, while selenium deficiency compromises protective antioxidant enzymes in skin. Furthermore, skin and hair abnormalities in humans and rodents may be caused by selenium deficiency, which are overcome by dietary selenium supplementation. Most important biological functions of selenium are attributed to selenoproteins, proteins containing selenium in the form of the amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec). Sec insertion into proteins depends on Sec tRNA; thus, knocking out the Sec tRNA gene (Trsp) ablates selenoprotein expression. We generated mice with targeted removal of selenoproteins in keratin 14 (K14) expressing cells and their differentiated descendents. The knockout progeny had a runt phenotype, developed skin abnormalities and experienced premature death. Lack of selenoproteins in epidermal cells led to the development of hyperplastic epidermis and aberrant hair follicle morphogenesis, accompanied by progressive alopecia after birth. Further analyses revealed that selenoproteins are essential antioxidants in skin and unveiled their role in keratinocyte growth and viability. This study links severe selenoprotein deficiency to abnormalities in skin and hair and provides genetic evidence for the role of these proteins in keratinocyte function and cutaneous development.
Texture synthesis on surfaces

Many natural and man-made surface patterns are created by interactions between texture elements and surface geometry. We believe that the best way to create such patterns is to synthesize a texture directly on the surface of the model. Given a texture sample in the form of an image, we create a similar texture over an irregular mesh hierarchy that has been placed on a given surface.Our method draws upon texture synthesis methods that use image pyramids, and we use a mesh hierarchy to serve in place of such pyramids. First, we create a hierarchy of points from low to high density over a given surface, and we connect these points to form a hierarchy of meshes. Next, the user specifies a vector field over the surface that indicates the orientation of the texture. The mesh vertices on the surface are then sorted in such a way that visiting the points in order will follow the vector field and will sweep across the surface from one end to the other. Each point is then visited in turn to determine its color. The color of a particular point is found by examining the color of neighboring points and finding the best match to a similar pixel neighborhood in the given texture sample. The color assignment is done in a coarse-to-fine manner using the mesh hierarchy. A texture created this way fits the surface naturally and seamlessly.
Variation in North American Dart Points and Arrow Points when One or Both are Present

The appearance of the bow and arrow in North America as a weapon-delivery system is predicted to have prompted an increase in variation among antecedent projectile points that tipped darts propelled by atlatls. Attributes of dart points are expected to display greater variation with the appearance of the bow as prehistoric artisans experimentally sought points that worked effectively as arrow points. Attributes of arrow points are predicted to also initially display much variation. Subsequent to the initial burst of variation, less-effective variants of attributes were winnowed out, causing a reduction in variation of attributes of both dart points and arrow points. Both coefficients of variation for individual attributes and summed coefficients of variation for multiple attributes of three sequences of projectile points from evolutionarily independent areas in North America confirm these predictions.
Biochemical and aggregation analysis of Bence Jones proteins from different light chain diseases

Deposition of immunoglobulin light chains is a result of clonal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells that secrete free immunoglobulin light chains, also called Bence Jones proteins (BJP). These BJP are present in circulation in large amounts and excreted in urine in various light chain diseases such as light chain amyloidosis (AL), light chain deposition disease (LCDD) and multiple myeloma (MM). BJP from patients with AL, LCDD and MM were purified from their urine and studies were performed to determine their secondary structure, thermodynamic stability and aggregate formation kinetics. Our results show that LCDD and MM proteins have the lowest free energy of folding while all proteins show similar melting temperatures. Incubation of the BJP at their melting temperature produced morphologically different aggregates: amyloid fibrils from the AL proteins, amorphous aggregates from the LCDD proteins and large spherical species from the MM proteins. The aggregates formed under in vitro conditions suggested that the various proteins derived from patients with different light chain diseases might follow different aggregation pathways.
Hot topics in cold medicine: Controversies in accidental hypothermia

Abstract Hypothermia confronts clinicians with an array of unfamiliar challenges and decisions. Confusion has been increased by conflicting recommendations in several areas of controversy. After a focused review, this report seeks to summarize current understanding of rewarming and other therapies in hypothermia, concentrating on areas of apparent controversy. Recommendations are made regarding appropriate rewarming strategies, considering both theoretical and actual effectiveness. Logistic problems that hobble rewarming efforts are discussed, and practical solutions are suggested. The risks and benefits of treatments, including external rewarming, cardiac compressions, orotracheal intubation, and administration of room-temperature intravenous fluid, are considered. Finally, the adage, “No one is dead until they're warm and dead.” is revisited.
Accelerated whole-brain multi-parameter mapping using blind compressed sensing

Purpose To introduce a blind compressed sensing (BCS) framework to accelerate multi-parameter MR mapping, and demonstrate its feasibility in high-resolution, whole-brain and T2 mapping. Methods BCS models the evolution of magnetization at every pixel as a sparse linear combination of bases in a dictionary. Unlike compressed sensing, the dictionary and the sparse coefficients are jointly estimated from undersampled data. Large number of non-orthogonal bases in BCS accounts for more complex signals than low rank representations. The low degree of freedom of BCS, attributed to sparse coefficients, translates to fewer artifacts at high acceleration factors (R). Results From 2D retrospective undersampling experiments, the mean square errors in and T2 maps were observed to be within 0.1% up to R = 10. BCS was observed to be more robust to patient-specific motion as compared to other compressed sensing schemes and resulted in minimal degradation of parameter maps in the presence of motion. Our results suggested that BCS can provide an acceleration factor of 8 in prospective 3D imaging with reasonable reconstructions. Conclusion BCS considerably reduces scan time for multiparameter mapping of the whole brain with minimal artifacts, and is more robust to motion-induced signal changes compared to current compressed sensing and principal component analysis-based techniques. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spectral hole burning in the 4f–5d transition of Ce3+ in LuPO4 and YPO4

Abstract Persistent spectral holes in the inhomogeneously broadened 4f 1 –4f 0 5d 1 zero-phonon transitions in LuPO 4 :Ce 3+ and YPO 4 :Ce 3+ crystals were burned at T =2 K. The holes observed in absorption were deep (up to 50%) and could be observed at least minutes after they were burned. The burning process was very efficient and is due to a single photon process. The observed spectral holes are burned in a photochemical process of photoionization of Ce 3+ ions involving electron tunneling from Ce 3+ centers to traps.
Asexuality and the coexistence of cytotypes.

Summary • Reproductive isolation via apomixis is one way for newly created cytotypes to persist and coexist with other cytotypes. Arnica cordifolia (Asteraceae) has both triploid and tetraploid cytotypes co-occurring in many locations. The rate of apomixis in each cytotype was explored as a mechanism for the maintenance of sympatric cytotypes. • Flow cytometry was used on both adults and seeds from mixed cytotype populations to estimate reproductive mode and to evaluate the relationship between cytotype frequency and reproductive success. Flowering time was surveyed to look for temporal reproductive isolation between cytotypes. • Both triploids and tetraploids can be asexual. Apomixis in A. cordifolia is usually autonomous, not pseudogamous as previously thought. Sexual reproduction appears to be uncommon. The minority cytotype in each population does not produce fewer seeds, confirming that minority cytotype exclusion is unlikely to occur via reproductive disadvantage. Triploids flowered earlier than tetraploids, but with much overlap. • Asexual reproduction is an important factor promoting the coexistence of cytotypes in this system. Other mechanisms maintaining populations of sympatric cytotypes are not well studied or understood and warrant further investigation.
Navigate the Maze for Job-Related Education Deductions

The author examines the Tax Court's recent decision allowing a business deduction for MBA courses, even though the taxpayer received a promotion during the program. This decision provides new hope for employees wishing to deduct the cost of their education and also has implication for employers who pay for or subsidize education as a fringe benefit for their employees. This article examines the tests and must be passed to deduct education as a business expense and the relevant case law, and then explores how the expenses that do not meet these hurdles may still generate some tax savings.
Age-Related Changes in Processing Simultaneous Amplitude Modulated Sounds Assessed Using Envelope Following Responses

Listening conditions in the real world involve segregating the stimuli of interest from competing auditory stimuli that differ in their sound level and spectral content. It is in these conditions of complex spectro-temporal processing that listeners with age-related hearing loss experience the most difficulties. Envelope following responses (EFRs) provide objective neurophysiological measures of auditory processing. EFRs were obtained to two simultaneous sinusoidally amplitude modulated (sAM) tones from young and aged Fischer-344 rats. One was held at a fixed suprathreshold sound level (sAM1FL) while the second varied in sound level (sAM2VL) and carrier frequency. EFR amplitudes to sAM1FL in the young decreased with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and this reduction was more pronounced when the sAM2VL carrier frequency was spectrally separated from sAM1FL. Aged animals showed similar trends, while having decreased overall response amplitudes compared to the young. These results were replicated using an established computational model of the auditory nerve. The trends observed in the EFRs were shown to be due to the contributions of the low-frequency tails of high-frequency neurons, rather than neurons tuned to the sAM1FL carrier frequency. Modeling changes in threshold and neural loss reproduced some of the changes seen with age, but accuracy improved when combined with an additional decrease representing synaptic loss of auditory nerve neurons. Sound segregation in this case derives primarily from peripheral processing, regardless of age. Contributions by more central neural mechanisms are likely to occur only at low SNRs.
Underreporting Discrimination Among Arab American and Muslim American Community College Students: Using Focus Groups to Unravel the Ambiguities Within the Survey Data

Using a mixed methods approach, the researcher gathered a set of narrative responses from focus groups that supported the claim of underreporting campus discrimination on a survey. Multiple studies...
Antibody-Targeted Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Melanoma

Antibody-directed chemotherapy (ADC) offers an advantage over conventional chemotherapy because it provides antibody-directed targeting, with resultant improvement in therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. Despite extensive research, with notable exceptions, broad clinical application of ADC remains elusive; major hurdles include the instability of antibody-chemotherapy linkers and reduced tumor toxicity of the chemotherapy when bound to the antibody. To address these challenges, we have developed a platform technology that utilizes the nab-paclitaxel formulation of paclitaxel, Abraxane, in which hydrophobic paclitaxel is suspended in 130-nm albumin nanoparticles and thus made water-soluble. We have developed a method to noncovalently coat the Abraxane nanoparticle with recombinant mAbs (anti-VEGF, bevacizumab) and guide Abraxane delivery into tumors in a preclinical model of human A375 melanoma. Here, we define the binding characteristics of bevacizumab and Abraxane, demonstrate that the chemotherapy agent retains its cytotoxic effect, while the antibody maintains the ability to bind its ligand when the two are present in a single nanoparticle (AB160), and show that the nanoparticle yields improved antitumor efficacy in a preclinical human melanoma xenograft model. Further data suggest that numerous therapeutic monoclonal IgG1 antibodies may be utilized in this platform, which has implications for many solid and hematologic malignancies. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3954-64. ©2016 AACR.
Influence of Selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in proliferation and apoptosis of metastatic renal

Objective To study the influence of Selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in proliferation and apoptosis of metastatic renal.Methods 21 patients with Metastatic RCC were chosen and treated with Celecoxib 400 mg(p.o.)twice a day until disease no progression or patients can not accept the toxicity.The expression COX-2 inhibitor was detected by Western blotting before treatment and the 1st,4th,12th,24th,36th week after taking the medicine,while the proliferation of metastatic RCC was detected by MTT assay and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry at the same time.Results After taking Celecoxib,the expression of COX-2 reduced as time laps.MTT assay shown that(12 weeks,24 weeks,36 weeks)the cell inhibition rates were(4.3±1.17)%、(33.2±5.34)%、(53.4±5.87)% respectively at the 1st,4th,12th,24th,36th week after taking the medicine,which was significantly higher than that of(2.16±0.57)% before treatment.Flow cytometry showed that the carcinoma apoptosis rate were(8.42±0.3)%,(15.12±1.4)%,(32.16 ± 2.1)% respectively at the 1st,4th,12th,24th,36th week after taking the medicine.The carcinoma apoptosis rate increased significantly comparing with that of(3.13 ± 0.4)% before treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Selective COX-2 inhibitors may decrease the expression of COX-2,inducing proliferation and apoptosis of metastasis renal carcinoma cell.
A theory of rotating stall of multistage axial compressors. III: Limit cycles

A theory of rotating stall, based on single parameters for blade-passage lag and external-flow lag and a given compressor characteristic yields limit cycles in velocity space. These limit cycles are governed by Lienard's equation with the characteristic playing the role of nonlinear damping function. Cyclic integrals of the solution determine stall propagation speed and the effect of rotating stall on average performance. Solution with various line-segment characteristics and various throttle settings are found and discussed. There is generally a limiting flow coefficient beyond which no solution is possible; this probably represents stall recovery. This recovery point is independent of internal compressor lag, but does depend on external lags and on the height-to-width ratio of the diagram. Tall diagrams and small external lags (inlet and diffusor) favor recovery. Suggestions for future theoretical and experimental research are discussed.
Antiluteolytic effect of the conceptus and of PGE2 in ewes.

SUMMARY The responses of pregnant and nonpregnant ewes on day 13 post-estrus to a dose of prostaglandin (PG)F2a known to be luteolytic in nonpregnant ewes were compared (experi- ment I). Either 270 /ag PGF2~ THAM salt (eight nonmated and 11 mated ewes) or saline (eight nonmated and 10 mated ewes) was injected into the largest follicle on each ovary bearing a corpus luteum. Jugular plasma sam- ples taken just prior to surgery and 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 hr after injection were analyzed for progesterone, estradiol-1713 and luteinizing hormone (LH) by radioimmuno- assay. Treatment with PGF2a shortened the estrous cycle by 1.5 days in nonmated ewes and mated ewes without embryos (P<.05). Mated ewes with embryos did not return to estrus. The linear regression of progesterone over time varied with treatment (P<.01), pregnancy status (P<.01) and treatment x pregnancy status (P<.09). Progesterone did not reach as low a level (1.3 vs .4 ng/ml; P<.05) in pregnant as in nonmated ewes. Both LH and estradiol- 17/3 increased in treated ewes after progesterone had decreased to approximately 50% of pre- treatment levels; the increase in estradiol was transient in the pregnant ewes. The pattern of LH did not differ with pregnancy status. It is concluded that pregnancy overcame the luteo- lytic effects of PGF2c~ (i.e., had an antiluteo- lytic effect). Experiment II was designed to ascertain whether PGE 2 has antiluteolytic properties. A catheter was inserted into each uterine horn that was ipsilateral to a corpus luteum in nonmated ewes on day 11 postestrus. Intrauter- ine injections of 0, 300, 600 or 900/agof PGE2 were begun on the morning of day 12 and continued every 8 hr until estrus or day 20. Jugular plasma samples were taken just before the first injection and every 24 hr thereafter in all ewes and at .25, .5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 hr from several ewes in each group and were assayed for progesterone. The estrous cycle was lengthened and the decline in progesterone delayed by 2 days by PGE2 (P<.05). Frequent samples on day 12 did not differ in progesterone levels among treatments or over time. Prostaglandin E 2 had antiluteolytic activity in ewes but no in vivo steroidogenic effect was observed. (Key Words: Ewe, Corpus Luteum, PGF2c~, PGE2, Antiluteolytic Factors, Early Preg- nancy.) 1 Division of Animal and Veterinary Science. Sup- ported by NICHD Contract No. 69-2215 and Hatch Project 224 (NE-72). We thank the Upjohn Company and Drs. James Lauderdale and John E. Pike
Telemetry Analysis of Highly Migratory Species

Fish stocks and breeding populations of sea turtles and marine mammals are often classified according to geographic distribution. While telemetry data is an essential tool for determining habitat utilization and behavior, it also presents unique challenges when applied to highly migratory species. We provide an overview of geolocation techniques and applicable uses of telemetry data. The scale at which inferences may be made is related to the animal physiology, limitations of tagging technology, and assumptions and processes of geolocation techniques. We focus especially on state-space models as a link between analysis of different data types and their ability to derive behavior and utilization.
The Size Distribution of Labour Incomes Derived from the Distribution of Aptitudes

This article owes its inspiration to one of Tinbergen’s most original contributions to economic theory [9], in which he endeavours to derive the distribution of labour incomes from the choice of occupation by individuals. This is also the aim of the present paper, which, however, uses somewhat different techniques of analysis and has a more limited scope. Whereas Tinbergen relied heavily of the differential calculus, I use mostly linear inequalities and integration in order to take account of the fact that most individuals have only one job at a time and to permit analysis of what has become known as a ‘continuum of traders’. Unlike Tinbergen, moreover, I shall not consider individuals’ non-monetary preferences concerning different types of work.
Abstract B17: The evaluation of breast cancer chemoprevention uptake in a high-risk cohort

Background: Population-based estimates in the United States indicate that uptake of breast cancer chemoprevention has remained low despite more than a decade of scientific evidence demonstrating clinical benefit. The objective of our study was to evaluate the uptake of breast cancer chemoprevention in a high-risk clinical setting. Methods: We evaluated the uptake of chemoprevention (tamoxifen, raloxifene or exemestane) 2007 to 2011 among 1,151 healthy women at high risk of breast cancer who were seen at the MD Anderson Cancer Center and enrolled in a high-risk breast cancer cohort. We used stepwise multivariable logistic regression to determine patient-related factors associated with use of chemoprevention. Results: Mean age of the cohort was 60 years; 85% of the women were white, 6% black and 9% of other ethnicities. Chemoprevention use was reported among 29% of women (n=340) (22% tamoxifen, 7% raloxifene). Among women with a history of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), a proliferative breast lesion or Gail 5-year risk ≥1.66%, the uptake of chemoprevention was 52%, 42% and 14%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, history of osteoporosis (p=0.0034), prior use of hormone replacement therapy (p=0.0002) and elevated Gail model 5 year risk >3.0% (p=0.003) were positively associated with uptake of chemoprevention. Conclusion: Women seen in a high-risk clinical setting may be more motivated to use chemoprevention and uptake was highest among women with a history of LCIS or a proliferative breast lesion. Individualized strategies are needed to improve breast cancer chemoprevention uptake among different subsets of high-risk patients. Citation Format: Scott Nimmons, Arvind Bambhroliya, Bevers Teresa, Jun Ying, Powel Brown, Elise Cook, Lonzetta Newman, Abenaa Brewster. The evaluation of breast cancer chemoprevention uptake in a high-risk cohort. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr B17.
Intersections of Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulatory Mechanisms with Intermediary Metabolism.

Intermediary metabolism studies have typically concentrated on four major regulatory mechanisms-substrate availability, allosteric enzyme regulation, post-translational enzyme modification, and regulated enzyme synthesis. Although transcriptional control has been a big focus, it is becoming increasingly evident that many post-transcriptional events are deeply embedded within the core regulatory circuits of enzyme synthesis/breakdown that maintain metabolic homeostasis. The prominent post-transcriptional mechanisms affecting intermediary metabolism include alternative pre-mRNA processing, mRNA stability and translation control, and the more recently discovered regulation by noncoding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the latest advances in our understanding of these diverse mechanisms at the cell-, tissue- and organismal-level. We also highlight the dynamics, complexity and non-linear nature of their regulatory roles in metabolic decision making, and deliberate some of the outstanding questions and challenges in this rapidly expanding field.
Cost communication preferences, financial burden, and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL).

9632 Background: Care team- patient communication regarding costs has been suggested as a means of minimizing patients' financial burden (FB) in oncology. However, it is unknown how cost communicat...
Developmental Toxicity of Antiepileptic Drugs

Epilepsy occurs in approximately 1–2% of the population, and treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) must continue throughout life, including pregnancy. Several of the older AEDs have been shown to produce various birth defects, particularly orofacial clefts and neural tube defects (NTDs). The mechanisms whereby these drugs, such as phenytoin (PHT), valproic acid (VPA), and carbamazepine (CBZ), produce such defects are unknown but may be related to metabolism, changes in vitamin levels, particularly folic acid, or changes in gene expression. Several of these mechanisms will be reviewed. Additionally, a number of newer AEDs have been introduced within the last 10–15 years. These drugs generally have fewer side effects and drug–drug interactions, making them safer. Although there is not as much epidemiological data available on these drugs, their potential to produce birth defects will also be reviewed.
Two unique measurements related to flash experiments with yttria‐stabilized zirconia

We report two measurements related to flash experiments. One is concerned with electroluminescence in yttria-stabilized zirconia; in this case we have measured the broadening of the (UV) absorption edge in single crystal cubic zirconia below the conduction band, suggesting the generation of energy levels that are consistent with the electroluminescent spectra. The second measurement relates to the universal nature of the power density at the early onset of the flash transition in Stage I, for several ceramics flashed under a wide range of electric fields and temperature, which may be related to nonlinear thermal vibrations, so that the Debye temperature would be a lower bound for the flash-onset.
Mobile device usage data as behavioral biometrics

This chapter provides a broad overview of the advancements made on mobile platforms in regards to behavioral biometrics via usage data. Section 7.2 introduces the modules necessary for a complete biometric system. Sections 7.3 and 7.4 further elaborate on the data collection and feature extraction modules, respectively, as they relate to mobile device usage data. Section 7.5 provides an overview ofrelated research literature. Finally, Section 7.6 discusses several research challenges in this area and Section 7.7 summarizes the chapter.
Mucormycosis: Early Identification of a Deadly Fungus [Formula: see text]

Mucormycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection that affects immunocompromised patients and is fatal when not identified and treated early. Diagnosis is often delayed as the symptoms are nonspecific and frequently mimic other common diseases. Pediatric patients with cancer are at risk for the infection; however, there is limited research that applies directly to the pediatric population. An understanding of the risk factors and clinical presentation of mucormycosis is crucial for the pediatric oncology provider to initiate the workup and provide prompt treatment. The gold standard for diagnosing mucormycosis is biopsy; however, the use of polymerase chain reaction is a novel tool that is being investigated. The mainstays of treatment are antifungal medications, surgery, and reversal of predisposing risk factors, although, new therapies are also emerging. This article will review the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostics of mucormycosis and will discuss current treatment and management strategies for the pediatric oncology clinician to allow for timely diagnosis and intervention to optimize patient outcomes.
Parallel video processing using embedded computers

As frame rates and resolutions of video streams increase, a need for parallel video processing emerges. Most studies offload computation to the cloud, but this is not always possible. For example, solar-powered cameras can be deployed in locations away from power grids. A better choice is to process the data locally on embedded computers without raw video transmission through networks. Parallel computing alleviates the performance bottleneck of a single embedded computer but it degrades analysis accuracy because partitioning video streams breaks the continuity of motion. This paper presents a solution for maintaining accuracy in parallel video processing. A video stream is divided into multiple segments processed on different embedded computers. The segments overlap so that continuous motion can be detected. The system balances workload based on the speed of GPU and CPU to reduce execution time. Experimental results show up to 82.6% improvement in accuracy and 58% reduction in execution time.
Fatality and Injury Prediction Model for Tornadoes

AbstractOver the last 10 years, tornadoes have caused the highest number of fatalities among natural hazards in the United States. Supercell-spawned tornadoes can be in excess of 1 km wide and ofte...
Ovis orientalis (Red sheep; Asiatic mouflon)

Skin biopsies of two male and one female animals were kindly made available by Dr. H. Heck, Catskill Game Farm, Catskill, New York, USA, who also identified the species. All gave identical results and the karyotypes are indistinguishable from those of the domestic sheep (Folio 45). Similar results were obtained by Manna and Talukdar but they differ from the Afghanistan Wildsheep (O. ammon cycloceros) investigated by Schmitt and Ulbrich (2n=58; Folio 191). That species is considered by some a subspecies of 0. orientalis Gmelin. It appears that a Robertsonian system exists amongst the Caprid species.
Fractal-Like Exciton Kinetics in Porous Glasses, Membranes and Powders

We have measured the exciton (triplet) recombination (fusion, anni­hilation) characteristics of naphthalene-doped microporous materials. This technique yields the dynamic (spectral, fracton) dimension of the embedded naphthalene structure or the effective random walk dimension of the porous network. Temperature studies separate the energetic and geometric features of the pore space. The geometric dynamic (spectral) dimensions are mostly between 1 and 2, i.e. fractal-like, and are consistent with previous results on the static (fractal or Euclidean) dimensions of the porous vycor glass samples.
Sequence comparisons via algorithmic mutual information.

One of the main problems in DNA and protein sequence comparisons is to decide whether observed similarity of two sequences should be explained by their relatedness or by mere presence of some shared internal structure, e.g., shared internM tandem repeats. The standard methods that are based on statistics or classical information theory can be used to discover either internal structure or mutual sequence similarity, but cannot take into account both. Consequently, currently used methods for sequence comparison employ "masking" techniques that simply eliminate sequences that exhibit internal repetitive structttre prior to sequence comparisons. The "masking" approach precludes discovery of homologous sequences of moderate or low complexity, which abound at both DNA and protein levels. As a solution to this problem, we propose a general method that is based on algorithmic information theory and minimal length encoding. We show that algorithmic mutual information factors out the sequence similarity that is due to shared internal structure and thus enables discovery of truly related sequences. We extend the recently developed algorithmic significance method (Milosavljevi5 & Jttrka 1993) to show that significance depends exponentially on algorithmic mutual information.
The Eldorado Episodes of Voltaire's "Candide" as an Intertex of Augusto Roa Basto's "Yo el supremo". A Utopia/ Dystopia Relationship

;Yo el Supremo ; is an example of historical fiction, yet it resembles dystopian fiction in one important respect: it reveals the cruelty of dictatorship by commenting on the reversal between high utopian expectations and deep disillusionment. The invention of dystopias necessarily implies the complementary conceptualization of utopias. A purposeful pattern of references to the Eldorado chapters of Voltaire's ;Candide ; points to the latter as an intertext. This relationship must be seen in the context of Rodriguez de Francia's claimed adherence to Enlightenment political ideals. This intertextuality takes two forms. In many respects, the Paraguayan dictatorship is the opposite of Eldorado, which difference illustrates what a good society ought not be. In other ways, however, the dystopia strangely resembles its utopian counterpart, except that those similarities have different causes and effects and they embody different value systems. In this way Roa Bastos shows how the perversion of admirable ideals can have disastrous consequences.
Supervisees' Contributions to Lousy Supervision Outcomes

This article features the results of a qualitative study designed to identify supervisors’ perceptions of supervisees’ attitudes, behaviors, and skills that contribute to unsatisfactory supervision...