cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A dependency chain clustered micro architecture

In this paper we explore a new clustering approach for reducing the complexity of wide issue in-order processors based on EPIC architectures. Complexity effectiveness is achieved by heavily clustering the pipeline from decode to commit stage without the need for any direct bypass between clusters. This is made possible by assuming support for executing compiler-constructed traces. One trace is executed at a time by executing its coarse-grained dependency chains (DCs) in different in-order clusters. Since the DCs of a trace are mutually data independent of each other they can be executed in different clusters without any direct communication between them. To execute DCs in narrower clusters without compromising ILP, a compiler algorithm that splits large DCs by duplicating instructions is proposed. Through cycle accurate simulations we show that a DC processor with one 3-wide, one 2-wide and one 1-wide in-order pipeline, could achieve performance equivalent to a 6-wide in-order superscalar processor. Since a clustered DC microarchitecture is complexity efficient, it is amenable to higher clock frequencies and will also be easier to design and validate than a 6-wide monolithic design.
Supporting a Learner Community with Software Agents

This paper describes a multi- agent approach that aims at supporting learners involved in a collective activity. We consider pedagogical situations where students have to explicitly define the articulation of their collective work and then achieve the different tasks they have defined. Our objective is to support these students by taking some of these tasks in charge whilst making them work out such organisation features. For this purpose, we propose to consider that the group of students forms a multi- agent system and to introduce software agents that can achieve some of the tasks within this group. This conducts students to tackle the problem in terms of human and software agent coordination. We present how this approach can be conceptualized and modelled using Engestrom’s triangle, how task delegation can be used as a means to enable students to define the software agents’ behaviour and the multi-agent implementation we propose.
What makes a feather shine? A nanostructural basis for glossy black colours in feathers

Colours in feathers are produced by pigments or by nanostructurally organized tissues that interact with light. One of the simplest nanostructures is a single layer of keratin overlying a linearly organized layer of melanosomes that create iridescent colours of feather barbules through thin-film interference. Recently, it has been hypothesized that glossy (i.e. high specular reflectance) black feathers may be evolutionarily intermediate between matte black and iridescent feathers, and thus have a smooth keratin layer that produces gloss, but not the layered organization of melanosomes needed for iridescence. However, the morphological bases of glossiness remain unknown. Here, we use a theoretical approach to generate predictions about morphological differences between matte and glossy feathers that we then empirically test. Thin-film models predicted that glossy spectra would result from a keratin layer 110–180 nm thick and a melanin layer greater than 115 nm thick. Transmission electron microscopy data show that nanostructure of glossy barbules falls well within that range, but that of matte barbules does not. Further, glossy barbules had a thinner and more regular keratin cortex, as well as a more continuous underlying melanin layer, than matte barbules. Thus, their quasi-ordered nanostructures are morphologically intermediate between matte black and iridescent feathers, and perceived gloss may be a form of weakly chromatic iridescence.
A new method for assigning signal flow directions to MOS transistors

Signal flow directions of MOS transistors have been used in many CAD tools. A graph theoretic approach is presented for determining these directions. A MOS circuit is represented using several undirected graphs called ST-graphs. The direction assignment problem is modeled as a two paths problem in each ST-graph. Necessary and sufficient conditions under which all edges in an ST-graph are unidirectional are derived. A linear time algorithm is presented that assigns directions to all edges in an ST-graph if they all unidirectional. If bidirectional edges exist, the algorithm assigns directions to most edges in the ST-graph, and the remaining edges are resolved by a sequence of additional algorithms. Experimental results validate the performance benefits of this approach. >
Herbal medicine: Potential for intoxication and interactions with conventional drugs

The use of herbal remedies for the prevention and treatment of a variety of illnesses in small animals has increased tremendously in recent years. Whereas most herbal remedies, when used as directed and under the supervision of knowledgeable individuals, are safe, the potential for adverse effects or intoxications certainly exists. Due to inherent toxicity, some herbal remedies should not be used under any circumstance. In addition, because nearly all herbal remedies contain multiple, biologically active constituents, interaction with conventional drugs is a concern. It is incumbent upon clinicians to be aware of those herbs that can cause intoxication, and to be cognizant of potential herb-drug interactions. There are a number of evidence-based resources available to assist clinicians in the safe use of herbal remedies.
Silica-Supported Cobalt Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis: Effects of Calcination Temperature and Support Surface Area on Cobalt Silicate Formation

Cobalt silicate formation reduces the activity of the catalyst in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS). In this article, the effects of calcination temperature and support surface area on the formation of cobalt silicate are explored. FTS catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation of cobalt nitrate precursor into various silica supports. Deionized water was used as preparation medium. The properties of catalysts were characterized at different stages using FTIR, XRD and BET techniques. FTIR-ATR analysis of the synthesized catalyst samples before and after 48 h reaction identified cobalt species formed during the impregnation/calcination stage and after the reduction/reaction stage. It was found that in the reduction/reaction stage, metal-support interaction (MSI) added to the formation of irreducible cobalt silicate phase. Co/silica catalysts with lower surface area (300 m2/g) exhibited higher C5+ selectivity which can be attributed to less MSI and higher reducibility and dispersion. The prepared catalysts with different drying and calcination temperatures were also compared. Catalysts dried and calcined at lower temperatures exhibited higher activity and lower cobalt silicate formation. The catalyst sample calcined at 573 K showed the highest CO conversion and the lowest CH4 selectivity.
The Optimum Response of Full Third-Order Systems With Contactor Control

Abstract : IN THE FULL THIRD ORDER PROBLEM IT WAS DESIRABLE TO MODIFY THE ITERATION PROCEDURE USED IN THE PERIODIC APPROXIMATION METHOD THAT WAS DEVELOPED IN SOLVING THE OPTIMUM PROBLEM OF THE SECONDORDER VELOCITY CONTROLLED SYSTEM. A number of examples illustrate the new method. The examples were first constructed in reverse time by employing the true optimum switching times satisfying the optimum switching function which was developed by the methods of Pontrjagin. The obtained final values of error and error derivatives gave the initial values for the approximate method. Periodic approximations of the optimum switching times were then obtained. It was found that for less than three switchings the approximate method leads to identical results. Reasonably small differences occur when three or more switchings are needed to reduce the initial disturbance to zero. (Author)
Using a neural/fuzzy system to extract heuristic knowledge of incipient faults in induction motors: Part II-Application

The use of electric motors in industry is extensive. These motors are exposed to a wide variety of environments and conditions which age the motor and make it subject to incipient faults. These incipient faults, if left undetected, contribute to the degradation and eventual failure of the motors. This paper uses a hybrid neural/fuzzy fault detector to solve the motor fault detection problem. As an illustration, the neural/fuzzy fault detector is used to monitor the condition of a motor bearing and stator winding insulation. The initialization and training of this fault detector is in accordance with the procedures outlined in Part I of this paper. Once the neural/fuzzy fault detector is trained, the detector not only can provide accurate fault detector performance, but can also provide the heuristic reasoning behind the fault detection process and the actual motor fault conditions. With better understanding of the heuristics through the use of fuzzy rules and fuzzy membership functions, a better understanding of the fault detection process of the system is available, thus better motor protection systems can be designed. >
Developing and applying uncertain global climate change projections for regional water management planning

[1] Climate change may impact water resources management conditions in difficult-to-predict ways. A key challenge for water managers is how to incorporate highly uncertain information about potential climate change from global models into local- and regional-scale water management models and tools to support local planning. This paper presents a new method for developing large ensembles of local daily weather that reflect a wide range of plausible future climate change scenarios while preserving many statistical properties of local historical weather patterns. This method is demonstrated by evaluating the possible impact of climate change on the Inland Empire Utilities Agency service area in southern California. The analysis shows that climate change could impact the region, increasing outdoor water demand by up to 10% by 2040, decreasing local water supply by up to 40% by 2040, and decreasing sustainable groundwater yields by up to 15% by 2040. The range of plausible climate projections suggests the need for the region to augment its long-range water management plans to reduce its vulnerability to climate change.
Distributed Z-source network DC-DC converter

This paper presents a novel DC-DC converter incorporating distributed (or transmission line) Z-source network for buck (step-down) and boost (step-up) operation of DC-DC converter. Recently, a lot of effort has been made to utilize distributed network in power electronics circuits. In this paper, the distributed Z-source network composed of an array of inductor and capacitor is coupled between power source and main switching devices. The great feature about the distributed Z-source network is that unlike the traditional V-source or I-source, it can be open-and short-circuited. Therefore, the desired buck and boost function can be achieved. A dc-dc converter using proposed concept was built and tested. Its performances are verified with experimental results.
Explicit results for wave scattering and transmission through a rough fluid–fluid interface

Abstract This paper describes an analysis of reflection and transmission of acoustic waves from an imperfectly reflecting, rough fluid–fluid interface within the Kirchhoff approximation. It presents the results of calculations of the coherent and diffuse field. This work is motivated by the fact that few explicit results of the characteristics of the scattered and transmitted wave field exist in the literature for this problem. For the problem of interest, the surface reflection coefficient depends at each point upon the local angle between the incident wave and the rough surface. For surfaces with statistically independent local surface position and gradient, coherent field calculations show that the correction to constant reflection coefficient analyses is simply a multiplicative factor that depends upon the statistical characteristics of the surface gradient, sound speed and density ratio across the surface. This multiplicative factor is interpreted as an average reflection or transmission coefficient, R > and T >, respectively. The principle differences between these results and constant reflection coefficient analyses occur when waves impinge upon regions with higher sound speeds, where total internal reflection may occur. While the wave characteristics of smooth or constant reflection coefficient surfaces change abruptly in the vicinity of the angle of total internal reflection, the average reflection coefficient exhibits a much smoother dependence upon angle of incidence or sound speed ratio for rough surfaces. It is also shown that the direction of maximum diffuse scattering moves relative to its value were the reflection coefficient constant.
Indicators for ecosystem-based management on the Scotian Shelf: bridging the gap between theory and practice

O’Boyle, R., Sinclair, M., Keizer, P., Lee, K., Ricard, D., and Yeats. P. 2005. Indicators forecosystem-based management on the Scotian Shelf: bridging the gap between theory andpractice. e ICES Journal of Marine Science, 62: 598e605.The need for a more integrated approach to ocean management is increasingly beingrecognized. Discussion on appropriate indicators and reference points supporting such anapproach has focused on the technical merits of one set of metrics over another in servicingsome management goal. Relatively little eﬀort has been put into answering the questionhow one would use suites of indicators to meet the multiple conservation objectives deﬁnedin operational plans. Such an exercise is being undertaken on the eastern Scotian Shelf oﬀCanada’s east coast, as a national integrated management pilot. A number of oceanindustries e ﬁshing, oil and gas exploration, transport, and the military e utilize the area,a typical situation elsewhere in the world. A suite of conceptual ecosystem-level objectiveshas been identiﬁed to address biodiversity, productivity, and habitat issues. Operationalobjectives, which identify an indicator and reference points associated with each conceptualobjective, are then stated. Utilizing this framework, individual ocean industry plans andactivities can be reviewed in a consistent manner, to determine how they might beconstrained by the conservation objectives for the area. Issues of spatial scale andcumulative impacts are addressed, and comment is made on future developments.
Resource Management: A Necessary and Integral Component to Any Level 2/3 Fusion Capability

Process Refinement or feedback is a key component of any closed loop system. Fusion models are no exception. In this paper we will explore what process refinement means in terms of the higher levels of fusion. In doing so we further refine the existing definitions of the various levels (as defined by the Joint Director of Laboratories, JDL) and based on these definitions we discuss how each of these levels interacts with each other.
Structural coupling between FKBP12 and buried water

Globular proteins often contain structurally well-resolved internal water molecules. Previously, we reported results from a molecular dynamics study that suggested that a buried water (Wat3) may play a role in modulating the structure of the FK506 binding protein-12 (FKBP12) 1. In particular, simulations suggested that disrupting a hydrogen bond to Wat3 by mutating E60 to either A or Q would cause a structural perturbation involving the distant W59 side chain, which rotates to a new conformation in response to the mutation. This effectively remodels the ligand binding pocket, as the side chain in the new conformation is likely to clash with bound FK506. To test if the protein structure is in effect modulated by the binding of a buried water in the distance, we determined high resolution (0.92 – 1.29 A) structures of wild type FKBP12 and its two mutants (E60A, E60Q) by x-ray crystallography. The structures of mutant FKBP12 show that the ligand-binding pocket is indeed remodeled as predicted by the substitution at position 60, even though the water molecule does not directly interact with any of the amino acids of the binding pocket. Thus, these structures support the view that buried water molecules constitute an integral, noncovalent component of the protein structure. Additionally, this study provides an example in which predictions from molecular dynamics simulations are experimentally validated with atomic precision, thus showing that the structural features of protein-water interactions can be reliably modeled at a molecular level.
Stressing about misplaced fat is a key to longevity.

Author(s): Lemieux, George A; Ashrafi, Kaveh | Abstract: The abnormal accumulation of fat increases the lifespans of nematodes that lack sex cells.
Women With Addictions Report Reduced Anxiety After Group Music Therapy: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Roughly six million females in the USA abuse or are addicted to alcohol. Women are more likely than men to report depression and anxiety as triggers for substance use and relapse, which emphasizes the importance of therapies designed to help women mitigate anxiety. Research supporting music therapy (MT) with women with addictions is scarce. In this quasi-experimental investigation, we hoped to learn: (1) What percentage of women with addictive disorders in a 45-minute group MT session will report pre-session anxiety?; and (2) of these, what percentage will report a palpable reduction in their post-session anxiety? We used a single group design: Participants self-reported anxiety before and after each session. Study participants were 53 women in a gender-specific residential program. Voluntary group MT sessions were held twice weekly for 9 weeks. Four MT methods were used: Composition, Receptive (Listening), Improvisation, and Re-Creative (Performing). Of 53 first-session surveys, 39 (73.6%) indicated pre-session anxiety. Of these, 33 (84.6%) showed a reduction in post-session anxiety. A sign test confirmed an overall reduction in anxiety. Outcomes may have been related to interventions, group cohesion, or other factors. The absence of a comparison group prevents suppositions of causality. Nonetheless, the results present a compelling case for the use of MT with women with anxiety. Because of the link between trauma and addictive disorders, we encourage exploration of the role and benefits of MT within trauma-informed models of addiction treatment.
Active Negative Inductor Based on Magnetic Flux

An active circuit is described that exhibits the equivalent reactance of a negative inductor. In contrast with previous techniques based on negative impedance converters, the negative inductance is produced by generating an opposing time-varying magnetic ∞ux. The new circuit also enables the inductance to be electronically varied between negative and positive values, can enhance the Q, and defaults to a conventional positive inductor in the event of active component failure. The performance of a prototype with an inductance of i0:344mH and operating over the frequency range 1{40kHz is described.
Distinguishing Jones and Proximal Diaphyseal Fractures of the Fifth Metatarsal

Jones and proximal diaphyseal fractures of the fifth metatarsal are in close anatomic proximity and often are difficult to differentiate. We determined whether it is necessary to differentiate between these two diagnoses. Retrospectively, the two diagnoses were identified radiographically using an accepted classification scheme. Initial management is nonoperative; however, intramedullary screw fixation is performed for competitive athletes, or others with displaced fractures, or delayed union or nonunion. Outcomes were analyzed using Student’s t tests, whereas nominal data were analyzed using chi square tests. Thirty-two Jones fractures and 29 proximal diaphyseal fractures were identified. All fractures healed between 4.8 and 9.8 months with a 78% to 82% patient satisfaction rate. Regardless of treatment, the clinical outcomes were not different between the two fracture locations. Shorter return to sport time was observed in operatively treated patients. Operatively treated patients with fracture site sclerosis or medullary canal obliteration on radiographs had lower satisfaction and higher complication rates than patients without these changes. Based on our findings, we do not find a reason to distinguish between fractures of the fifth metatarsal in these two locations. We suggest referring to fifth metatarsal base fractures (excluding avulsions) as Jones fractures. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Natural abundance of 13C and 15N in C3 and C4 vegetation of southern Africa: patterns and implications

The mean annual rainfall in southern Africa is found to explain over half of the observed variance in the stable nitrogen (N) isotopic signatures of C3 vegetation in southern Africa (r2=0.54, P<0.01). The inverse relationship between the stable N isotopic signatures of foliar samples from C3 vegetation and long-term southern African rainfall is found on a scale larger than previously observed. A modest relationship is found between stable carbon (C) isotopic signatures of C3 vegetation and rainfall across the region (r2=0.20, P<0.01). No such relationship is found between stable C and N isotopic signatures of C4 vegetation and rainfall. The explanation of the relationship between 15N in C3 vegetation and the mean annual rainfall presented here is that nutrient availability varies inversely with water availability. This suggests that water-limited systems in southern Africa are more open in terms of nutrient cycling and therefore the resulting natural abundance of foliar 15N in these systems is enriched. The use of this relationship may be of value to those researchers modeling both the dynamics of vegetation and biogeochemistry across this region. The use of the isotopic enrichment in C3 vegetation as a function of rainfall may provide an insight into nutrient cycling across the semi-arid and arid regions of southern Africa. This finding has implications for the study of global change, especially as it relates to vegetation responses to changing regional rainfall regimes over time.
Autonomously detecting interaction with an affective robot to explore connection to developmental ability

This research employs an expressive robot to elicit affective response in young children and explore correlations between autonomously-detected play, affective response and developmental ability. In this study, we introduce a new, affective interface that combines sound, color, movement and context to simulate the expression of emotions. Our approach exploits social contingencies to emphasize the importance of situational cues in the proper interpretation of affective state. We studied a group of young children at various ages and stages of cognitive development, to: (1) evaluate the efficacy of using captured motion data to autonomously detect physical patterns of play while interacting with a robot, (2) examine relationships between physical play patterns and observed affective response and, (3) explore associations between developmental ability and play or affective response. This pilot study demonstrates that aggregate patterns of physical interaction with a robot are distinguishable through autonomous data collection. Further, statistical analyses demonstrates that developmental ability may be directly related to how a child interacts with and responds to an affective robot.
Identifying strategies to enhance responses induced by EGFR kinase inhibitors in mutant EGFR-dependent lung adenocarcinomas

A248 Mutations in the EGF receptor (EGFR) gene are associated with increased sensitivity of lung cancers to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like gefitinib and erlotinib1-3. However, specific mechanisms underlying drug-induced cell death have not been well-delineated. An improved understanding of this process could provide insight into mechanisms of sensitivity and/or resistance to TKIs and uncover new targets for therapy. Using a panel of human lung cancer cell lines that harbor EGFR mutations (H3255, PC-9, H1650, and H1975), we show that mutant EGFR-dependent cells with nanomolar sensitivity to erlotinib undergo G1 cell cycle arrest and cell death in response to kinase inhibition. Cell death is mediated through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway: cells release cytochrome c from mitochondria; they display altered localization of the proapoptotic protein BAX; and apoptosis can be blocked by overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-xL. We further show that the process requires induction of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, BIM; erlotinib dramatically induces BIM levels in sensitive cells (H3255 and PC-9) but not in resistant cells (H1650 and H1975), and knockdown of BIM expression by RNA interference virtually eliminates drug-induced cell killing of both H3255 and PC-9 cells. BIM status is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels and is influenced by the ERK signaling cascade downstream of EGFR. Consistent with these findings, lung tumors and xenografts from mice bearing mutant EGFR-dependent lung adenocarcinomas4 display increased concentrations of Bim after erlotinib treatment.Moreover, an inhibitor of anti-apoptotic proteins, ABT-7375,enhances erlotinib-induced cell death in vitro. Collectively, these data imply that the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation may influence both sensitivity and/or resistance of EGFR mutant lung tumor cells to EGFR kinase inhibition. Importantly, our data provide proof-of-principle that the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis can be manipulated to achieve enhanced killing efficiency. This novel strategy could be used to achieve greater and more durable responses to EGFR inhibitors in patients whose lung tumors harbor EGFR kinase domain mutations. This work is funded by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation and the Labrecque Foundation. ABT-737 was kindly provided by Abbott Laboratories. Literature Cited: 1. Lynch TJ, et al. N Engl J Med 2004; 350(21):2129. 2. Paez JG et al. Science 2004; 304:1497. 3. Pao W et al. PNAS 2004; 101:13306. 4. Politi K, et al. Genes Dev 2006; 20:1496. 5. Oltersdorf T, et al. Nature 2005; 435: 677.
Host range studies with the fungus Leptolegnia, a parasite of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae)

The fungus Leptolegnia, a mosquito pathogen, was tested against 5 species of mosquito larvae and on species of nontarget aquatic arthropods, including representatives of the following orders: Diptera, Odonata, Trichoptera, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, and Cladocera. None of the nontarget arthropods were infected by Leptolegnia. The mosquito species tested were Culex pipiens, Cx. salinarius, Culiseta inornata, Aedes taeniorhynchus, and Ae. triseriatus. Mosquito larvae of all species were susceptible, and mortality exceeded 80% in all species. The results indicate that Leptolegnia shows a high degree of specificity for mosquito larvae among arthropods but little specificity among the target species.
Duration of looking and number of brief looks as dependent variables

The duration for which human Ss exposed themselves to stimuli before responding on simultaneous discrimination problems varied with stimulus difficulty, discrimination reversal and reinforcement schedule.
Introduction to Part Five

When Frederick Law Olmsted and his protegee Charles Eliot (1855–97) developed plans for the Fens and River Way in Boston (completed in 1891, resulting in the development of the first metropolitan park system planned around hydrological features and ecological ideas), the processes or methods they employed enabled them to effectively translate ecological ideas into design, although their directives were not as obvious as those that have been utilized over the past fifty years. Scottish biologist and planner Patrick Geddes proposed a regional survey method in 1915, which was refined subsequently by urban historian Lewis Mumford. Geddes’s method was based on understanding the nature of the complexities between human action and the environment. Survey before plan—a maxim well known to planners even today—is a phrase attributed to Patrick Geddes. He contended that planning should be viewed as a problem-solving activity.
Integrating Constraints to the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Deer Hunting Participation

ABSTRACTThis article predicted deer hunting behavior using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and constraint-integrated TPB models. The data were collected using a two-staged mail back survey with Oregon hunters in 2008–2009. Structural equation modeling showed that TPB explained 51% variance in the intentions and 21% in reported participation. Among the constraint-integrated models, fear, time, money and distance, and the total constraint-integrated models explained 2% to 4% more variance in participation; only perceived behavioral control (PBC) was a significant predictor of participation. Evidence of the roles of the TPB predictors in constraint negotiation were found. Recommendations are made for using more comprehensive measures of TPB predictors and specific measures of constraints for understanding a phenomenon. Programs for enhancing PBC and reducing internal and external constraints through skill development and providing more satisfying hunting opportunities are recommended.
Feasibility and safety of cavity-directed stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases at a high-volume medical center

Abstract Objective Our objective was to report safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to the surgical bed following resection of brain metastases. Methods Eighty-seven consecutive patients who underwent cavity-directed SRS to the operative bed for the treatment of brain metastases between 2002 and 2010 were evaluated. SRS required a gadolinium-enhanced, high-resolution, T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for tumor targeting and delivered a median dose of 18 Gy (14-22 Gy) prescribed to encompass the entire resection cavity. Whole brain irradiation was reserved for salvage. Patients were followed every 3 months with clinical examination and magnetic resonance imaging. Overall survival, local and regional recurrence, and factors affecting these outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analyses. Results The median imaging follow-up was 7.1 months, with >40% of patients having imaging for ≥1 year. Local control at 1 and 2 years was 82% and 75%, respectively. Cavity recurrence was more common with a tumor diameter >3 cm (P 14 mL (P 3 cm were 100%, 86%, and 72%, respectively. Neither subtotal resection nor target margins >2 mm to 3 mm affected local control. The median overall survival was 14.3 months with actuarial 5-year survival of 20%. Actuarial regional central nervous system recurrence was 44% at 1 year. On univariate analysis, only the presence of extracranial disease was associated with survival (P Conclusions Excellent local control is achievable with cavity-directed SRS in well-selected patients, particularly for lesions with diameter
Application of Plagiarism Screening Software in the Chemical Engineering Curriculum.

Plagiarism is an area of increasing concern for written ChE assignments, such as laboratory and design reports, due to ease of access to text and other materials via the internet. This study examines the application of plagiarism screening software to four courses in a university chemical engineering curriculum. The effectiveness of plagiarism screening software and student views on instructor use of the software are examined. Best practices for instructors using plagiarism screening software are suggested.
Broadening the Boundaries of Palliative Medicine

Acknowledging the great promise of palliative care management for assuring that the end-of-life becomes a more compassionate experience, this book’s bold thesis advocates the liberal use of sedative medications to relieve refractory distress by the reduction in patient consciousness. Accordingly, palliative sedation therapy must be seen as proper medical treatment and consistent with sound principles of adjusted care which, in turn, should be the standard for all hospice medicine. When a diagnosis and prognosis present the patient as suffering a futile medical condition, and where patient consent or surrogate approval is obtained, compassion directs palliative (or terminal) sedation be offered as efficacious treatment to alleviate intractable physical and existential suffering.
Accurate 3D face modeling and recognition from RGB-D stream in the presence of large pose changes

We propose a 3D face modeling and recognition system using an RGB-D stream in the presence of large pose changes. In the previous work, all facial data points are registered with a reference to improve the accuracy of 3D face model from a low-resolution depth sequence. This registration often fails when applied to non-frontal faces. It causes inaccurate 3D face models and poor performance of matching. We address this problem by pre-aligning each input face (‘frontalization’) before the registration, which avoids registration failures. For each frame, our method estimates the 3D face pose, assesses the quality of data, segments the facial region, frontalizes it, and performs an accurate registration with the previous 3D model. The 3D-3D recognition system using accurate 3D models from our method outperforms other face recognition systems and shows 100% rank 1 recognition accuracy on a dataset with 30 subjects.
Metabolic engineering of the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880 for lipid overproduction during high-density fermentation

Natural lipids can be used to make biodiesel and many other value-added compounds. In this work, we explored a number of different metabolic engineering strategies for increasing lipid production in the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides IFO0880. These included increasing the expression of enzymes involved in different aspects of lipid biosynthesis—malic enzyme (ME), pyruvate carboxylase (PYC1), glycerol-3-P dehydrogenase (GPD), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)—and deleting the gene PEX10, required for peroxisome biogenesis. Only malic enzyme and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, when overexpressed, were found to significantly increase lipid production. Only stearoyl-CoA desaturase, when overexpressed, further increased lipid production in a strain previously engineered to overexpress acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGA1). Our best strain produced 27.4 g/L lipid with an average productivity of 0.31 g/L/h during batch growth on glucose and 89.4 g/L lipid with an average productivity of 0.61 g/L/h during fed-batch growth on glucose. These results further establish R. toruloides as a platform organism for the production of lipids and potentially other lipid-derived compounds from sugars.
On the Switching Activity in Faulty Circuits During Test Application

An excessive switching activity during the functional capture cycles of scan-based tests can lead to overtesting of delay faults. Low-power test generation procedures that address this issue consider the switching activity of the fault-free circuit. This paper observes that an excessive switching activity in a faulty circuit can also affect the test application process. In particular, we show that a fault effect may disappear if a signal-transition is delayed because of an excessive switching activity in the faulty circuit. Thus, excessive switching activity in the faulty circuit can result in test escapes. Using functional broadside tests for benchmark circuits, we study the extent to which the switching activity of a faulty circuit may exceed the switching activity that is possible during functional operation. We also consider the effects of eliminating tests with excessive switching activity in faulty circuits.
Abstract 1241: A large prostate cancer tissue microarray showed significant downregulation of hZIP1 in African American as compared to Caucasian men

Prostate cancer (PC) originates mainly in the peripheral zone, where the majority of zinc (Zn) accumulating cells are located. The underlying basis of our study focuses on the essential trace element Zn which is needed in relatively high amounts for reproductive processes. PC is significantly more common in African American men (AAM) as compared to European American Men (EAM). Currently, the reason for this racial disparity is not understood, but like similar diseases, may develop due to the interaction of diverse risk factors including age, race, genetics, socioeconomic and lifestyle choices, broadly defined to include geographical and nutritional factors. Previous studies we have investigated the accumulation of Zn within the prostate gland of AAM and EAM, which showed that AA lose zinc levels in the glandular epithelia at an earlier age and have a relatively lower accumulation of Zn within the gland. Here, we present analyses of the ethnicity tissue microarray (TMA) of 267 core biopsies from AA and EA men. We carried out in situ RP PCR for hZIP1, hZIP2, hZIP3 and hZIP4 in all the TMAs and discovered that hZIP1 gene expression was significantly down-regulated and correspondingly, the cellular level of Zn was also depleted in the same areas where the hZIP1 was down-regulated. These effects occur in early and late stages of malignant development in the peripheral zone. Most importantly, we provide the evidence for the first time in a large TMA core biopsies that AAs have down-regulated their hZIP1 at a relatively higher degree than the age-and Gleason score matched EAs and that may explain why AAs have twice as much incident rate of PC than EAs, by utilizing two in situ detection methods. The following are the summary of our data: 1) The relative degree of hZIP1 is differentially expressed in the prostate tissues between stroma versus glandular areas. 2) The hZIP1 is downregulated in the glandular malignant tissues of the prostate. 3) The hZIP1 is also downregulated in the stromal areas in the malignant glands. 4) The degree of expression downregulation is significantly (p Citation Format: Andre9 Kajdacsy-Balla, Omar Bagasra, Vicky Y. Marcias, Katy Rezaei. A large prostate cancer tissue microarray showed significant downregulation of hZIP1 in African American as compared to Caucasian men. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1241. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1241
Structure, Mechanism of Action and Inhibition of Dehydrogenase Enzymes

The family of short chain dehydrogenase reductase (SDR) enzymes includes over 60 enzymes from humans, mammals, insects and bacteria that have as substrates, steroids, sugars, prostaglandins, alcohols, dyes, and other small molecules. These enzymes typically exhibit only 15 to 30% sequence identity [1]. A small number of highly conserved residues, including an YXXXK sequence, characterize members of the family. There is no significant degree of sequence homology with members of the long chain dehydrogenase family that includes the lactate (LDH), malate (MDH), and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GDPH) dehydrogenases [2]. The facts that LDH, MDH and GDPH all had 325–335 amino acids and that the first few members of the SDR family isolated were found to have 240–250 amino acids led to the characterization of the former as long chain dehydrogenases (LCDH) and the later as SDR’s. As a result of the addition of dozens of new members to the SDR family they are seen to vary in total length from 240 to 360 residues overlapping the length of the LCDH’s. Although the two families have no sequence similarity they share common characteristics. Members of both families use NAD(H) and/or NADP(H) as cofactors and both use alcohols as substrates.
Flavoring Materials Contributing to Taste

The majority of organic chemicals used in the flavor industry and discussed in this book are volatile and make their contribution to flavor via the olfactory system. However, taste plays a role in virtually all flavors and may make a most significant contribution to some flavors in particular. Most savory foods such as crackers, broths or cheeses depend strongly on the taste sensations. Even the most aromatic fruits would fall a bit flat without the tartness of acids or the sweetness of sugars. The trigeminal responses of cooling menthol and heat of spices are components of taste that are key to many foods. There is little question that taste is very important to flavor in general. It is convenient to treat these flavor adjuncts separately from the organics used for their aromatic properties and thus, this chapter will focus on the taste (nonvolatile) constituents of flavor, since the previous chapters have been devoted to the aromatic components of flavor.
A hierarchical Stackelberg-coalition formation game theoretic framework for cooperative spectrum leasing

The problem of cooperative spectrum leasing among multiple primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) is considered. A hybrid Stackelberg-coalition formation game theoretic algorithm is proposed that enables the PUs to identify a group of cooperative SUs by looking at the reputation history of their cooperative behavior. The coalition formation approach also promotes collaboration among the SUs to provide them with a higher chance of spectrum access. The Stackelberg game determines the optimum time allocation among the PUs and SUs individual transmission as well as cooperation time. The results show the performance enhancement of spectrum leasing model, particularly in mobile and dynamic network with a diverse range of SUs initial credits and channel conditions.
Mechanical Design for Whole-Arm Manipulation

This paper describes the performance requirements and mechanical design of an arm designed and built at MIT for whole-arm manipulation. Whole-arm manipulation began as a research objective to explore the benefits of manipulating objects with all surfaces of a robotic manipulator — not just the fingertips of an attached robotic hand. The need for robust environment contact by all surfaces of the robotic hardware prompted a re-evaluation of traditional manipulator design requirements and spurred the invention of new transmission mechanisms for robots.
Cerebrovascular manifestations in neurosarcoidosis: how common are they and does perivascular enhancement matter?

Aim To determine the occurrence of ischaemic and haemorrhagic events in patients with neurosarcoidosis at presentation and follow-up and to evaluate its association with perivascular enhancement. Materials and methods The MRI findings in patients with neurosarcoidosis who presented to our institute from 2002–2017 were retrospectively reviewed, with emphasis on cerebrovascular events. A chi-squared test was used to evaluate the statistical association with presence of perivascular enhancement. Results A total of 49 patients (32 females and 17 males) were analysed. Ischaemic events were noted in four patients at presentation while parenchymal haemorrhages occurred in three patients. The combined occurrence of cerebrovascular events (CVEs) at presentation was 14%. On follow-up, three additional patients developed ischaemic infarcts, of which, one patient had parenchymal haemorrhage at presentation. Additionally, one patient also developed new parenchymal haemorrhages. In total, 10 patients in current cohort developed CVEs, either at presentation or on follow-up. Perivascular enhancement was seen in 50% of patients with cerebrovascular events and 18% of patients with neurosarcoidosis, but no CVEs. This was statistically significant (p Conclusion CVEs in patients with neurosarcoidosis are more common than previously reported and appear to be significantly related to the presence of perivascular enhancement on imaging.
Editorial for special issue on policy

Therapeutic Residential Care (TRC) as a resource for children, youth, and families impacted by behavioral health needs has been challenged for its high costs and lack of clear long-term benefits. I...
Can Spouses Buffer the Impact of Discrimination on Depressive Symptoms? An Examination of Same-sex and Different-sex Marriages.

Discrimination due to personal characteristics (e.g., gender, sexuality, appearance) is a common yet stressful experience that is detrimental to mental health. Prior work has not considered how spo...
Charitable Support for U.S. National and State Parks Through the Lens of Coproduction and Government Failure Theories

Substantial public budget constraints across the United States have increased reliance on charities for some public service provision. This article builds a unique historical dataset and presents the first systematic look at the charities supporting U.S. national and state parks through the lens of coproduction along with other major theories of government-voluntary interaction and its consequences. The results suggest that parks-supporting charities are involved in a multi-dimensional pattern of coproduction with distinct and differentiated forms of involvement in public service provision at the state and federal levels. Their growth over time reflects theories of government failure and philanthropic insufficiency. And their permanency suggests the value of greater understanding of public service reliance on private philanthropy.
Policy Learning and Transformational Change: University Policies on Sexual Harassment

ABSTRACTThis essay comes out of my experience as an attendee at the #MeTooPoliSci short course in the American Political Science Association meeting in 2018. I use the framework of policy feedback theory to explain the difficulty in reforming sexual harassment policies at universities and prescribe some actions we as scholars can take to improve the situations at our places of employment.
The effects of age and sex on the detection of pure tones by adult CBA/CaJ mice (Mus musculus).

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual decrease in hearing sensitivity. Previous electrophysiological and behavioral studies have demonstrated that the CBA/CaJ mouse strain is an appropriate model for the late-onset hearing loss found in humans. However, few studies have characterized hearing in these mice behaviorally using longitudinal methodologies. The goal of this research was to utilize a longitudinal design and operant conditioning procedures with positive reinforcement to construct audiograms and temporal integration functions in aging CBA/CaJ mice. In the first experiment, thresholds were collected for 8, 16, 24, 42, and 64 kHz pure tones in 30 male and 35 female CBA/CaJ mice. Similar to humans, mice had higher thresholds for high frequency tones than for low frequency pure tones across the lifespan. Female mice had better hearing acuity than males after 645 days of age. In the second experiment, temporal integration functions were constructed for 18 male and 18 female mice for 16 and 64 kHz tones varying in duration. Mice showed an increase in thresholds for tones shorter than 200 ms, reaching peak performance at shorter durations than other rodent species. Overall, CBA/CaJ mice experience ARHL for pure tones of different frequencies and durations, making them a good model for studies on hearing loss. These findings highlight the importance of using a wide range of stimuli and a longitudinal design when comparing presbycusis across different species.
Image Acts: A Systematic Approach to Visual Agency

The practice of art history was long dominated by two approaches—the biographical and the iconographical. Both were concerned with reading the work of art as an encoded message, determined by the a...