cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adsorption energy and structural heterogeneity of activated carbons

Abstract Gas adsorption on activated carbons at supercritical temperatures takes place mainly in micropores of molecular dimensions due to the enhanced adsorption potential in such pores. Relationship between adsorption energy and pore sizes is used to analyze methane adsorption isotherms in order to obtain micropore size distribution. Isosteric heats of adsorption which are related to the adsorption temperature dependence are considered as additional information about the adsorption process and can be used for the verification of the model assumed. Adsorption isotherms of three carbon samples are analyzed, results of the two of them are consistent with the model of slit pores whereas in the case of the third carbon it seems that some other pore model should be considered. Gas chromatographic methods are also applied. In this method alkane molecular probes of different kinetic diameters are used to study the pore structure of these carbons.
A Student's Guide to Waves: The quantum wave equation

This is the third of three chapters that apply the concepts of Chapters 1, 2, and 3 to the three principal types of waves: mechanical, electromagnetic, and quantum. Although mechanical waves may be the most obvious in everyday life, and electromagnetic waves may be the most useful to our technological society, a case can be made that quantum waves are the most fundamental. As you'll see in this chapter, every bit of matter in the Universe behaves like a wave under certain circumstances, so it's hard to imagine anything more fundamental. If you're thinking that life in the macroscopic world moves along just fine without considering quantum effects, you should realize that the laws of classical physics are approximations, and all the quantum weirdness described in this chapter blends smoothly with classical physics when they overlap. Much of that weirdness comes from the dual wave and particle nature of matter and energy, and one of the goals of this chapter is to help you understand what's actually doing all this waving. This chapter begins with a comparison of the characteristics of waves and particles in Section 6.1, followed by a discussion of wave–particle duality in Section 6.2. You can read about the Schrodinger equation and probability wavefunctions in Sections 6.3 and 6.4, and quantum wave packets are discussed in Section 6.5. Wave and particle characteristics Before studying modern physics, most students think of particles and waves as belonging to fundamentally different categories of objects. That's understandable, because particles and waves have several very different characteristics, including the way in which they occupy space, the way they travel through openings, and the way they interact with other particles or waves. Here's a summary of some of the differentiating characteristics between particles and waves. Occupying space. Particles exist in a well-defined amount of space; if you could pause time at some instant during a tennis match, all of the spectators would agree on the position of the ball at that instant.
Lack of Benefit of Pre-Implantation Genetic Screening

While there have been more than 3 million babies born from the assisted reproductive techno-logies (ART) worldwide, success in a cycle is not guaranteed. In an effort to overcome inefficiencies in human reproduction, additional embryos are often transferred into the uterus, increasing the risk of multiple pregnancies. Despite the transfer of supra-numerary embryos, the probability of achieving pregnancy is less than 50%. Pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) has been utilized by some programs in addition to standard IVF procedure in an effort to increase delivery rates in patients with poor prognosis for conception (advanced maternal age or prior failed IVF cycles) or to reduce the chance of subsequent miscarriage in patients with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss. Additionally, PGS has been used in an attempt to select the “perfect” embryo to reduce risk of multi-fetal gestation. Due to difficulties with the technique of fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) used to detect aneuploidy in embryos, as well as biologic limitations of embryonic development, the goal of increasing live birth rates with ART does not appear to have been reached. In fact, in two randomized controlled trials, PGS might actually have had the opposite effect and reduced a woman’s chance of having a child.
Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Combined With Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy in Patients With Comorbid Depression and Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives The Treatment of Insomnia and Depression (TRIAD) study evaluated the efficacy of combining depression pharmacotherapy (using MED, an ecologically valid and generalizable antidepressant medication algorithm) with cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) among individuals with comorbid insomnia and major depressive disorder (MDD) to determine if change in insomnia severity mediates antidepressant outcome. Methods This 16-week, 3-site, randomized controlled trial (RCT) randomly assigned 150 participants (recruited between March 2009 and August 2013), who met DSM-IV-TR criteria for insomnia and MDD and were not receiving treatment for either, to receive depression pharmacotherapy plus 7 sessions of either CBT-I or a credible control therapy for insomnia (CTRL). Depression pharmacotherapy followed a standardized 2-step algorithm, which included escitalopram, sertraline, and desvenlafaxine in a prescribed sequence. Primary measures were the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the depression module of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Nonpatient Edition, administered by raters masked to treatment assignment, and the self-administered Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Results CBT-I was superior to CTRL in reducing insomnia severity (P = .028). The overall difference in depression remission between the treatments was not statistically significant (44% in CBT-I and 36% in CTRL; number needed to treat = 15). However, planned secondary analysis revealed that improvements in insomnia at week 6 mediated eventual remission from depression, with early change in ISI predicting depression remission in the CBT-I (P = .0002) but not in the CTRL arm (P = .26). Conclusions CBT-I is an efficacious treatment for insomnia comorbid with MDD among patients treated with antidepressant medications. Improvement in insomnia may be related to the change in depression. Future studies should identify which patients are most likely to benefit from the addition of an insomnia-focused therapy to standard antidepressant treatments. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00767624.
Increased Brain Sensorimotor Network Activation after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract After complete spinal cord injury (SCI), activation during attempted movement of paralyzed limbs is sharply reduced, but after incomplete SCI—the more common form of human injury—it is unknown how attempts to move voluntarily are accompanied by activation of brain motor and sensory networks. Here, we assessed brain activation during ankle movement in subjects with incomplete SCI, among whom voluntary motor function is partially preserved. Adults with incomplete SCI (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 15) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging that alternated rest with 0.3-Hz right ankle dorsiflexion. In both subject groups, ankle movement was associated with bilateral activation of primary and secondary sensory and motor areas, with significantly (p < 0.001) greater activation in subjects with SCI within right hemisphere areas, including primary sensorimotor cortex and pre-motor cortex. This result was further evaluated using linear regression analysis with respect to core clinical variab...
Cultural Pedagogies—Action Sports

University courses that the author teaches by using surfing and snowboarding history/culture as the classes’ focal points, originate this essay. The reader will learn about the courses’ focus on critique of hegemony, culture, sport’s nature/origin, and authenticity; and the reader will be provided examples of how gender and race studies permeate the courses. Intertwined throughout the work are thoughts on the epistemology and ontology of teacher-bodies; identification of key works and media; writings from students; and an accounting of the struggles involved in proposing an action-sports cultural-studies media course in a university fixated on industrial, scientific, and military endeavors. The author uses her long evolving engagement with Roland Barthes’ (1979, 2005) idea of “phantasmic teaching” to frame the chapter.
A Spectral CT Method to Directly Estimate Basis Material Maps From Experimental Photon-Counting Data

The proposed spectral CT method solves the constrained one-step spectral CT reconstruction (cOSSCIR) optimization problem to estimate basis material maps while modeling the nonlinear X-ray detection process and enforcing convex constraints on the basis map images. In order to apply the optimization-based reconstruction approach to experimental data, the presented method empirically estimates the effective energy-window spectra using a calibration procedure. The amplitudes of the estimated spectra were further optimized as part of the reconstruction process to reduce ring artifacts. A validation approach was developed to select constraint parameters. The proposed spectral CT method was evaluated through simulations and experiments with a photon-counting detector. Basis material map images were successfully reconstructed using the presented empirical spectral modeling and cOSSCIR optimization approach. In simulations, the cOSSCIR approach accurately reconstructed the basis map images (<1% error). In experiments, the proposed method estimated the low-density polyethylene region of the basis maps with 0.5% error in the PMMA image and 4% error in the aluminum image. For the Teflon region, the experimental results demonstrated 8% and 31% error in the PMMA and aluminum basis material maps, respectively, compared with −24% and 126% error without estimation of the effective energy window spectra, with residual errors likely due to insufficient modeling of detector effects. The cOSSCIR algorithm estimated the material decomposition angle to within 1.3 degree error, where, for reference, the difference in angle between PMMA and muscle tissue is 2.1 degrees. The joint estimation of spectral-response scaling coefficients and basis material maps was found to reduce ring artifacts in both a phantom and tissue specimen. The presented validation procedure demonstrated feasibility for the automated determination of algorithm constraint parameters.
Process economics and safety considerations for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane using the M1 catalyst

Abstract Olefins or unsaturated hydrocarbons play a vital role as feedstock for many industrially significant processes. Ethylene is the simplest olefin and a key raw material for consumer products. Oxidative Dehydrogenation (ODH) is one of the most promising new routes for ethylene production that can offer a significant advantage in energy efficiency over the conventional steam pyrolysis process. This study is focused on the ODH chemistry using the mixed metal oxide MoVTeNbO x catalysts, generally referred to as M1 for the key phase known to be active for dehydrogenation. Using performance results from the patent literature a series of process simulations were conducted to evaluate the effect of feed composition on operating costs, profitability and process safety. The key results of this study indicate that the ODH reaction can be made safer and more profitable without use of an inert diluent and furthermore by replacing O 2 with CO 2 as an oxidant. Modifications of the M1 catalyst composition in order to adopt these changes are discussed.
Assessment of an irritant gas plume model for epidemiologic study.

AbstractPreviously, we reported the development of a Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability plume dispersion model of the 2005 Graniteville, South Carolina, USA accidental release of chlorine. Here, we assess this model by spatial and statistical comparison with post-incident observed environmental indicators of exposure and other types of observations. Spatial agreement was found when the model was compared to phytotoxic bleaching and corrosion events observed in 2 km radius around the release site. When spatially compared to locations of injured or killed animals, model predictions of the plume footprint were in relatively good agreement. Model-predicted human casualties differed from observed casualty counts primarily due to the shielding effect of buildings. A statistical comparison of observed dog health outcome-derived exposure vs. model predicted exposure showed relatively good agreement, particularly when a subcohort of indoor dogs was excluded. Evaluation and assessment of the building infil...
Covalent Cross-Linking of Kinases with Their Corresponding Peptide Substrates

Protein phosphorylation represents the most dominant and evolutionary conserved posttranslational modification for information transfer in cells and organisms. The human genome encodes >500 protein kinases, and thousands of phosphorylation sites are present in mammalian proteome. To develop a global view of phosphorylation network, there is a need to map the connectivity between kinases and phosphoproteome. We developed a chemical kinase-substrate cross-linker 1 that converts transient kinase-substrate interactions into a covalently linked kinase-substrate complex in vitro and in the presence of cell lysates. The method can be applied to identify unknown upstream kinases responsible for phosphorylation events in cell lysates.
Perspectives on the U.S.–Mexico soccer rivalry: passion and politics in red, white, blue, and green

As one of the central themes of Jeffrey Kassing’s and Lindsey J. Meân’s edited volume is allegiance, I feel the need to disclose mine from the outset. Apoyo #miseleccionmx without hesitation. For o...
Structural, relative, and absolute agreement between parents' and adolescent inpatients' reports of adolescent functional impairment.

This study assessed agreement between parents' and adolescent inpatients' scores on caretaker and self-report versions of the Functional Impairment Scale for Children and Adolescents (FISCA and FISCA-SR). Self-report data describing impairment in eight domains were collected from 375 inpatients (M age = 15.0 years, 55% females), with parent data available for 233 (62%). Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated structural congruence between a hypothesized, three-factor model, based on a prior study of the parent FISCA, and an observed model, based on responses to the FISCA-SR (GFI = .95). Correlations (measuring relative agreement) and paired comparisons of means (assessing absolute agreement) generally identified stronger agreement in “public” than “private” domains of impairment, and greater relative than absolute agreement in covert, antisocial domains.
Fight or flight? Crime as a driving force in business failure and business mobility

A growing body of research has documented the consequences of neighborhood crime for a myriad of individual, household, and community outcomes. Given that neighborhood businesses figure into the link between neighborhood structure and crime as sources of employment or sites for neighbor interaction, the present study examines the extent to which neighborhood crime is associated with the survival, mobility, and destination locations of businesses in the subsequent year. Using business data from Reference USA (Infogroup, 2015) and crime data from the Southern California Crime Study (SCCS) we assess this question for neighborhoods across cities in the Southern California region. We find that in general, higher violent and property crime are significantly associated with both business failure and mobility, and that higher crime in a destination neighborhood reduces the likelihood that a business locates there. We also present findings specific to industries, and discuss the implications of our findings for future research.
Improved Yale Total Tic Severity Score Due to Craniofacial Manipulation With an Oral Appliance.

Background This study evaluated a novel treatment approach using the concept of cranial facial manipulation with an oral appliance, the TicTocStop Tic Guard (TTSTG), also known as the Tic Guard, to determine its safety and efficacy in the treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorders (CTDs). Methods A two-center study was undertaken at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center and a facility on Long Island, New York. A total of 77 subjects enrolled between the centers upon referral from local neurologists and via Internet enrollment; 67 subjects started the study, and 58 completed the study. A licensed Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) determined the subjects' Yale Total Tic Severity Score (YTTSS) for tics at enrollment, after 1-week sham appliance, after 1-week Tic Guard, and after 10-weeks Tic Guard. Results The results showed statistically significant improvement in the YTTSS with both the sham appliance and the Tic Guard with more robust improvement with the Tic Guard. The sham appliance resulted in a 25% overall reduction in tic severity, while the Tic Guard resulted in a 39% overall reduction in tic severity. There were no serious adverse events reported with either device. Conclusions This study demonstrated significant reduction in YTTSS using the Tic Guard with no reported serious adverse events. As a result, this device could be considered for inclusion in treatment modalities offered to patients with TS/CTD.
Editorial, Volume 17 (2019)

On behalf of the Editorial Board, it is with great pride and sincere privilege that I am writing this message to present the volume 17 (2019) of the JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS The issue comes from a long process, and we took all the necessary steps to make it a high-caliber scientific publication. We are relying on the collaboration of all our Editors, reviewers, and contributors to make it a contemporary, lively, and relevant publication.
Clustering (Presentation Slides)

Many problems in finance require the clustering of variables or observations. Despite its usefulness, clustering is almost never taught in Econometrics courses. In this seminar we review two general clustering approaches: partitional and hierarchical.
Flocculation behavior and mechanisms of block copolymer architectures on silica microparticle and Chlorella vulgaris systems

Abstract Hypothesis Flocculation performance using polyelectrolytes is influenced by critical design parameters including molecular weight, amount and sign of the ionic charge, and polymer architecture. It is expected that systematic variation of these characteristics will impact not only flocculation efficiency (FE) achieved but that charge density and architecture, specifically, can alter the flocculation mechanism. Therefore, it should be possible to tune these design parameters for a desired flocculation application. Experiments Cationic-neutral and polyampholytic copolymers, exhibiting a range of molecular weights (103–106 g/mol), varying charge levels (0–100% cationic, neutral and anionic), and random or block copolymer architecture, were applied to dilute suspensions of silica microparticles (control) and Chlorella vulgaris. FE and zeta potential values were determined over a range of flocculant doses to evaluate effectiveness and mechanism achieved. Findings These different classes of copolymers provide specific benefits for flocculation, with many achieving >95% flocculation. Block copolymer flocculants exhibit a proposed, dominant bridging mechanism, therefore reducing flocculant dosage required for effective flocculation when compared to analogous random copolymer flocculants. Polyampholytic copolymers applied to C. vulgaris generally exhibited a bridging mechanism and increased FE compared to equivalent cationic-neutral copolymers, indicating a benefit of the anionic component on a more, complex, diversely charged suspension.
3D Printing Applications for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

A combination of evolving 3D printing technologies, new 3D printable materials, and multi-disciplinary collaborations have made 3D printing applications for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) a promising tool to promote innovation, increase procedural success, and provide a compelling educational tool. This review synthesizes the knowledge via publications and our group’s experience in this area that exemplify uses of 3D printing for TAVR. Patient-specific 3D-printed models have been used for TAVR pre-procedural device sizing, benchtop prediction of procedural complications, planning for valve-in-valve and bicuspid aortic valve procedures, and more. Recent publications also demonstrate how 3D printing can be used to test assumptions about why certain complications occur during THV implantation. Finally, new materials and combinations of existing materials are starting to bridge the large divide between current 3D material and cardiac tissue properties. Several studies have demonstrated the utility of 3D printing in understanding challenges of TAVR. Innovative approaches to benchtop testing and multi-material printing have brought us closer to being able to predict how a THV will interact with a specific patient’s aortic anatomy. This work to date is likely to open the door for advancements in other areas of structural heart disease, such as interventions involving the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, and left atrial appendage.
A-MAZE-ING CASE OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AFTER MITRAL VALVE REPAIR

New onset pulmonary hypertension after mitral valve surgery may be caused by mitral valve dysfunction (e.g., prosthetic mitral stenosis or regurgitation). A 79 year old woman with mechanical aortic valve replacement and atrial fibrillation presented for evaluation of persistent dyspnea after mitral
Evolutionary multi-objective optimization and Pareto-frontal uncertainty quantification of interatomic forcefields for thermal conductivity simulations

Abstract Predictive Molecular Dynamics simulations of thermal transport require forcefields that can simultaneously reproduce several structural, thermodynamic and vibrational properties of materials like lattice constants, phonon density of states, and specific heat. This requires a multi-objective optimization approach for forcefield parameterization. Existing methodologies for forcefield parameterization use ad-hoc and empirical weighting schemes to convert this into a single-objective optimization problem. Here, we provide and describe software to perform multi-objective optimization of Stillinger–Weber forcefields (SWFF) for two-dimensional layered materials using the recently developed 3rd generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III). NSGA-III converges to the set of optimal forcefields lying on the Pareto front in the multi-dimensional objective space. This set of forcefields is used for uncertainty quantification of computed thermal conductivity due to variability in the forcefield parameters. We demonstrate this new optimization scheme by constructing a SWFF for a representative two-dimensional material, 2H-MoSe2 and quantifying the uncertainty in their computed thermal conductivity. Program summary Program Title: MOGA-NSGA3 Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/pbc6nb7hp9.1 Licensing Provisions: GNU General Public License 3 Programming Language: C++ Nature of problem: Interatomic forcefields used for molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivity must be parameterized to accurately capture structural and vibrational properties of the material system being modeled. Therefore, these forcefields must be simultaneously optimized against several (n ≥ 5) material properties. However, such parameterization is difficult using existing forcefield parameterization schemes, which are limited to optimization of a single or few (n 3) objectives. Solution method: We present software to perform evolutionary optimization of forcefields for thermal conductivity simulations using the recently developed 3rd generation non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-III). The algorithm’s unique reference-point-based niching and non-dominated sorting schemes enable efficient exploration of higher-dimensional objective spaces while preserving diversity among forcefield populations. The best set of forcefields on the Pareto front are used for estimating uncertainty in computed thermal conductivity due to forcefield parameterization.
Experimental study on mitochondrial membrane potential and ultrastructure injuries of kidney in septic rats

Objective To study the mitochondrial membrane potential and ultrastructure injuries of kidney in septic rats. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: Saline control group, 6 h LPS group and 24 h LPS group. The rats in LPS groups received 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide by intraperitonesl injection. The levels of serum Cr and BUN were detected. The swelling (FSC/SSC) and the membrane potential (FL2/FL1) of isolated renal mitochondrion were tested by flow cytometry. The morphologic change of mitochondria in kidney was observed by electronic microscopy. Results Compared with control group, serum Cr and BUN increased in septic rats. Compared with control group, swelling of the mirochondrion significantly increased in 24 h LPS group ( Control: 0.55 ± 0.10; 6 h LPS: 0.58 ± 0.10; 24 h LPS: 0.66 ± 0.12, P<0.05). Renal mitochondrial membrane potential significantly decreased in 6 h LPS group and 24 h LPS group (Control:0.77 ± 0.26; 6 h LPS: 0.32 ± 0.19;24 h LPS: 0.30 ± 0.17, P < 0.01). The mitochondrial membrane potential in kidney were inversely correlated with serum Cr level( r = -0.510, P = 0.004). The injuries of mitochondrial ultrastructure increased in 24 h LPS group. Conclusion The injury of the renal mitochondrial membrane potential has occurred in early stage of sepsis before obvious ultrastructure damage of the renal mitochondrion in septic rats. Key words: Sepsis; Mitochondrion; Kidney; SD rats
Regulating Digital Harm Across Borders: Exploring a Content Platform Commission

Regulatory systems crafted in and for countries with well-functioning, well-intentioned democratic governments will have unintended effects that spill over to other societies. Looking at the regulation of online content platforms, risks surface that support a regulatory solution that considers the safety and human rights of people in countries whose governments are unwilling or unable to regulate content platforms effectively. This paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of three general approaches to the cross-border regulation of online content platforms – certification, liability, and self-regulation. Ultimately, it offers a co-regulatory approach in which the U.S. and/or EU governments certifies a quasi-governmental Content Platform Commission charged with setting transparency and redress standards and publishing research on risks and mitigation strategies in each market where content platforms operate. The proposed solution seeks to preserve intermediary liability protections and maintain platforms’ freedom to innovate while ensuring that decisions that affect people's interests are made transparently and with avenues for redress.
Family and peer support moderates the relationship between distress tolerance and suicide risk in black college students.

Objectives: The relationship between distress tolerance and suicide risk was examined in black college students, as well as the moderating role of family and peer support in this relationship. Parent and peer support were studied separately in their relationship to overall suicidality.Method: One-hundred twenty-five Black undergraduate students completed self-report measures that assessed study variables.Results: Using moderation analyses, distress tolerance was significantly associated with overall suicidality, such that increased tolerance was associated with decreased risk. Higher family support was significantly associated with decreased suicide risk, while peer support was not. However, both family and peer support significantly moderated the relationship between distress tolerance and suicide risk. For both types of support, the relationship between distress tolerance and suicide risk was significant when support was low.Conclusions: Social support appears to be an important protective factor for suicide risk in black college students.
Trends in cyclical food expenditures among low-income households receiving monthly nutrition assistance: results from a prospective study.

Objective: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits are rapidly depleted after distribution. This phenomenon, known as the benefit cycle, is associated with poor nutrition and health outcomes. However, to date, no study has evaluated trends in food expenditures before and after households receive benefits using prospective data, and whether these trends vary by household characteristics. Design: Generalised estimating equations were used to model weekly household food expenditures during baseline (pre-benefit) and intervention months by vendor (restaurants and food retailers). Food retailer expenditures were further evaluated by food category (fruits and vegetables and foods high in added sugar). All expenditures were evaluated by household composition, demographics and economic means. Setting: Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area. Participants: Low-income households (n 249) enrolled May 2013–August 2015. Results: Weekly food retailer expenditures did not vary during baseline (pre-benefit), but demonstrated a cyclical pattern after households received benefits across all household characteristics and for both food categories, particularly for fruits and vegetables. Households with greater economic resources spent more throughout the month compared with those with fewer resources. Households with lower food security status experienced more severe fluctuations in spending compared with more food secure households. Conclusions: Cyclical food purchasing was observed broadly across different household characteristics and food categories, with notable differences by household economic means and food security status. Proposed SNAP policy changes designed to smooth food expenditures across the benefit month, such as increased frequency of benefit distribution, should include a focus on households with fewest resources.
Targeting the Ras pathway in pediatric hematologic malignancies.

Purpose of review Ras pathway mutations are one of the most common type of alterations in pediatric hematologic malignancies and are frequently associated with adverse outcomes. Despite ongoing efforts to use targeted treatments, there remain no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications specifically for children with Ras pathway-mutated leukemia. This review will summarize the role of Ras pathway mutations in pediatric leukemia, discuss the current state of Ras pathway inhibitors and highlight the most promising agents currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Recent findings Efficacy using RAF and MEK inhibitors has been demonstrated across multiple solid and brain tumors, and these are now considered standard-of-care for certain tumor types in adults and children. Clinical trials are now testing these medications for the first time in pediatric hematologic disorders, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, and histiocytic disorders. Novel inhibitors of the Ras pathway, including direct RAS inhibitors, are also being tested in clinical trials across a spectrum of pediatric and adult malignancies. Summary Activation of the Ras pathway is a common finding in pediatric hematologic neoplasms. Implementation of precision medicine with a goal of improving outcomes for these patients will require testing of Ras pathway inhibitors in combination with other drugs in the context of current and future clinical trials.
College roommates have a modest but significant influence on each other’s political ideology

Does college change students’ political preferences? While existing research has documented associations between college education and political views, it remains unclear whether these associations reflect a causal relationship. We address this gap in previous research by analyzing a quasi-experiment in which university students are assigned to live together as roommates. While we find little evidence that college students as a whole become more liberal over time, we do find strong evidence of peer effects, in which students’ political views become more in line with the views of their roommates over time. This effect is strongest for conservative students. These findings shed light on the role of higher education in an era of political polarization.
Control of Salmonella in low-moisture foods: Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 as a surrogate for thermal and non-thermal validation

Salmonella has been implicated in multiple foodborne outbreaks and recalls associated with low water activity foods (LawF). To verify the effectiveness of a process against Salmonella in LawF, validation using a nonpathogenic surrogate strain is essential. Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 strain has been used as a potential surrogate of Salmonella in different processing of LawF. However, the survival of Salmonella and E. faecium in LawF during food processing is a dynamic function of aw, food composition and structure, processing techniques, and other factors. This review assessed pertinent literature on the thermal and non-thermal inactivation of Salmonella and its presumable surrogate E. faecium in various LawF and provided an overview of its suitibility in different LawF. Overall, based on the D-values, survival/reduction, temperature/time to obtain 4 or 5-log reductions, most studies concluded that E. faecium is a suitable surrogate of Salmonella during LawF processing as its magnitude of resistance was slightly greater or equal (i.e., statistical similar) as compared to Salmonella. Studies also showed its unsuitability which either does not provide a proper margin of safety or being overly resistant and may compromise the quality and organoleptic properties of food. This review provides useful information and guidance for future validation studies of LawF.
3. SWIFT Accurately Predicts Lichen Sclerosus among Premenarchal Girls

Background Prevalence of lichen sclerosus (LS) is 1 in 900 in premenarchal girls. Clinical presentation is elusive, and diagnosis can be challenging. Early identification of LS increases the likelihood of timely and effective treatment. We therefore sought to create a risk-stratification tool to help guide clinical diagnosis in cases of suspected LS in premenarchal girls presenting with vulvar complaints. Methods This study utilized retrospective chart review of patients seen at the pediatric and adolescent gynecology clinic in a tertiary hospital between July 2019 and September 2020. Patients were included if they were ≤ 13 years old, were premenarchal, and had vulvar complaints. History, physical exam, and genital culture results were documented across 26 variables. LS diagnosis was made based on history, physical exam and vulvar biopsy in few cases. A comprehensive logistic regression was constructed comprising all variables with LS diagnosis as a dichotomous outcome. Following a step-wise regression procedure on complete-records observations, surviving predictor variables were tuned so as to maximize accuracy in predicting LS status. Pursuant to this model discovery, the data were randomly partitioned into a separate training set and testing set (1:1 allocation). This prediction was iterated 500 times. Statistical analysis was completed using R (v.4.0.0). Study was approved by the institutional review board. Results In total, 81 patient visits met inclusion criteria with 69 unique patients. Among the 69 patients, 19 were diagnosed with LS and 50 were diagnosed with other diseases including but not limited to straddle injury, acute vulvovaginitis, sexual abuse, and vulvar irritation. Average age of patients was 6 years old (0-13 years old; Table 1). The optimal regression model included five predictors: Soreness/Pain (S), Whitening (W), Urinary Incontinence (I), Fissures (F), and Clitoral hood thickening (T). The most accurate model using predictive training-testing approach is logOdds(LS) = -71 + 47•S + 83•W + 48•I + 41•F + 30•T with a model accuracy of 96.6% (Figure 1). Conclusions Using statistical modeling, we identified five predictors for LS including soreness/pain (S), whitening of the skin (W), urinary incontinence (I), fissures (F), clitoral hood thickening (T; SWIFT). We developed a model for predicting LS with 96.6% accuracy among premenarchal patients presenting with vulvar complains. If future studies involving diverse population show replicability of this model, clinicians should consider using this model to stratify patients for risk of LS.
Predictors of community-based employment for young adults with intellectual disability and co-occurring mental health conditions.

To identify predictors of community-based employment and employment quality for young adults ages 23–30 with intellectual disability and co-occurring mental health conditions (YA-ID-MH).We conducte...
Change in measures of moral function following acute bouts of Marine Corps Martial Arts Training.

The Marine Corps Martial Arts Program (MCMAP) was developed to prepare Marines for complex battlefield situations that include hand-to-hand combat and ethical decision making. The objective of this study was to quantify changes in ethical decision-making following MCMAP training. Fifty-five, active duty, newly enlisted U.S. Marines (Males: n = 37; age = 19 ± 1 years; height = 176 ± 7 cm; mass = 74 ± 7 kg; Females: n = 18; age = 20 ± 2 years; height = 164 ± 6 cm; mass = 61 ± 6 kg) volunteered for this investigation and were assessed three times over 6 weeks, with 3 weeks between each visit, using serial blood samples for cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine collected before training and during recovery [Immediate Post (IP), 15, 30, 45 and 60 min]. The Moral Functioning Continuum was used to quantify moral function before training, IP, 30, and 60 min post. Moral intention exhibited an acute response to training with significantly impaired decision making immediately post training. Moreover, both moral intention and moral judgement worsened over the visits suggesting a chronic impairment related to time in training suggesting a functional change in ethical decision-making following acute bouts of MCMAP.
Empathy and the Psychology of Literary Modernism

This book shows how fin de siecle conceptions of empathy are woven into the fabric of literary modernism. Empathy is a cognitive and affective structure of feeling, a bridge across interpersonal distance. Coined in 1909 to combine English 'sympathy' and German 'Einfuhlung,' 'empathy' is a specifically 20th-century concept of fellow feeling. Empathy and the Psychology of Literary Modernism looks into the little-known history of empathy, revealing how this multi-faceted concept had a profound effect on literary modernism. Meghan Marie Hammond shows how five exemplary writers (Henry James, Dorothy Richardson, Katherine Mansfield, Ford Madox Ford, and Virginia Woolf) tackle the so-called 'problem of other minds' in ways that reflect and enrich early 20th-century discourses of fellow feeling. Hammond argues that these authors reconfigure notions of intersubjective experience; their writings mark a key shift away from sympathetic forms of literary representation toward empathic forms that strive to provide an immediate sense of another's thoughts and feelings. But while literary modernism values empathic experience as an ideal, it is also teeming with voices that recognize potential for danger, even violence, in acts of empathy. These voices illuminate our culture's ongoing concern with empathy's limits. It recovers early psychology, a discipline that has often been neglected in favor of psychoanalysis, as a framework for literary modernism. It provides a conceptual history of empathy that expands our understanding of the modernist world. It grants new insight into modernist technique by explaining how it relates to contemporaneous psychological and aesthetic theories on empathy. It prompts a rethinking of empathy, a capacity that is as widely misunderstood as it is celebrated.
NONLINEAR STABILITY ANALYSIS OF PRESSURE-LOADED IMPERFECT STIFFENED CYLINDERS

This paper deals with the buckling of imperfect, thin, circular, cylindrical, stiffened shells under the application of external pressure. The methodology is based on the smeared technique, the Von Karman-Donnell nonlinear kinematic relations, and linearly elastic behavior, and it considers both axisymmetric and symmetric imperfections. Numerical results for various configurations are presented. These include some optimal stiffened configurations which exemplify submarine hull designs for operating depths of 1000 and 3000 ft(305 and 915 m).
“I added '!' at the end to make it secure”: observing password creation in the lab

Users often make passwords that are easy for attackers to guess. Prior studies have documented features that lead to easily guessed passwords, but have not probed why users craft weak passwords. To understand the genesis of common password patterns and uncover average users' misconceptions about password strength, we conducted a qualitative interview study. In our lab, 49 participants each created passwords for fictitious banking, email, and news website accounts while thinking aloud. We then interviewed them about their general strategies and inspirations. Most participants had a well-defined process for creating passwords. In some cases, participants consciously made weak passwords. In other cases, however, weak passwords resulted from misconceptions, such as the belief that adding "!" to the end of a password instantly makes it secure or that words that are difficult to spell are more secure than easy-tospell words. Participants commonly anticipated only very targeted attacks, believing that using a birthday or name is secure if those data are not on Facebook. In contrast, some participants made secure passwords using unpredictable phrases or non-standard capitalization. Based on our data, we identify aspects of password creation ripe for improved guidance or automated intervention.
Homonacionalismo como mosaico: viagens virais, sexualidades afetivas

Neste artigo irei contextualizar o aumento do numero de movimentos de gays e lesbicas no âmbito dos debates sobre os discursos dos direitos e da tematica dos direitos, que e seguramente o mais forte afrodisiaco do liberalismo. Analiso o modo como a sexualidade se tornou parte de uma formacao essencial na articulacao de cidadaos plenos atraves dos varios registos, como genero, classe e etnia, quer nacional, quer transnacionalmente. Este estudo posiciona claramente o homonacionalismo como categoria analitica necessaria a compreensao e concecao historica dos motivos pelos quais o estado de uma nacao como simpatizante gay se tornou desejavel a partida. Como a Modernidade, o homonacionalismo pode ser objeto de resistencia e de resignificacao, mas nao pode ser excluido: todos somos condicionados por ele e atraves dele. O artigo encontra-se estruturado em tres seccoes. Comeco por apresentar uma panorâmica do projeto Terrorist Assemblages, prestando atencao, em particular, a utilizacao do termo “homonacionalismo”. Em segundo lugar, discuto o homonacionalismo no contexto da Palestina/Israel, com o objetivo de demonstrar a relevância dos discursos sobre direitos sexuais e da narrativa de “lavagem cor-de-rosa” para a ocupacao. Termino com uma reflexao acerca do potencial inerente ao pensamento da sexualidade, nao como uma identidade, mas como mosaicos de sensacoes, afetos e forcas. Esta viralidade da sexualidade destabiliza produtivamente as nocoes humanistas dos sujeitos da sexualidade, assim como a organizacao politica que procura resistir aos discursos juridicos instituidos com o objetivo de nomear e controlar estes sujeitos de sexualidade.
Dynamic brace for correction of abnormal postures of the human spine

This paper describes the design and control architectures for a novel active thoracolumbosacral orthosis targeted at correction of abnormal postures and treatment of the human spine, often seen in adolescent idiopathic or neuromuscular scoliosis. Our novel device is motivated by the current limitations of the rigid braces used for this purpose which do not adapt to changes in the skeletal system in response to treatment. In addition, the dynamic brace can open possibilities for new treatment methods which currently do not exist. Previous brace designs were not capable of providing dynamic controlled forces. Our design utilizes two Stewart-Gough platforms in series, each controlled independently, either in position or force modes. The design can provide controlled forces/torques on different regions of spine to modify the posture. Additionally, it can control the motion of different regions of the spine through independent position control of each platform using six parallel actuators. Both control methods were validated in benchtop tests. A range of motion study was also performed with a healthy subject wearing the device while the system was controlled in transparent mode.
The Use of Fick's Law for Modeling Trace Gas Diffusion in Porous Media

Two models for combined gas-phase diffusion and advection in porous media, the advective-diffusive model (ADM) and the dusty-gas model (DGM), are commonly used. The ADM is based on a simple linear addition of advection calculated by Darcy's law and ordinary diffusion using Fick's law with a porosity–tortuosity–gas saturation multiplier to account for the porous medium. The DGM applies the kinetic theory of gases to the gaseous components and the porous media (or ‘dust’) to develop an approach for combined transport due to diffusion and advection that includes porous medium effect. The ADM and Fick's law are considered to be generally inferior for gas diffusion in porous media, and the more mechanistic DGM is preferred. Under trace gas diffusion conditions, Fick's law overpredicts the gas diffusion flux compared to the DGM. The difference between the two models increases as the permeability decreases. In addition, the difference decreases as the pressure increases. At atmospheric pressure, the differences are minor ( 10−13 m2) but may increase to about 2.7 for He at lower permeabilities of about 10−18 m2. A modified Klinkenberg factor is suggested to account for differences in the models.
Standard Error of Measurement

Measuring something means assigning a number to represent a characteristic of that something. A number assigned to represent a characteristic can be conceptualized as the sum of two components: the true score on the characteristic being measured and measurement error. The standard error of measurement (SEM) is an estimate of the size of measurement error that is contained in a measurement. Keywords: measurement; confidence band; standard deviation; standard error of the mean; sampling error