cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corporate entrepreneurship strategy: extending our knowledge boundaries through configuration theory

Corporate entrepreneurship strategy (CES) represents a firm’s coordinated efforts towards entrepreneurship and is an over-arching strategic approach that may be suitable for diverse types of organizations and industries. Yet, it remains on the knowledge frontier because the actual implementation of this strategy remains a challenge for many organizations. CES is built upon three internal elements: an entrepreneurial strategic vision, a pro-entrepreneurship organizational architecture, and entrepreneurial processes and behaviors. We integrate CES with the precepts of configuration theory to extend our knowledge boundaries in order to suggest a proper alignment of these elements for successful CES implementation. By examining the relationship between external CES fit (conceptualized and operationalized as ‘matched’ linkages between the external environment and the internal elements of CES) and internal CES fit (conceptualized and operationalized as aligning the internal elements of CES in a manner consistent with a specified ‘ideal’ profile), as well as the relationship between internal CES fit and firm performance, our results suggest that the fit of these elements is associated with greater financial performance.
Disease burden in offspring is associated with changing paternal demographics in the United States

BACKGROUND Average paternal age in the United States has increased substantially in the last few decades. Children of advanced age fathers have a higher incidence of early onset cancer and neuropsychiatric disease. OBJECTIVES To quantify the number of population adjusted cases of early-onset cancer and neuropsychiatric disease in children attributable to increasing paternal age in the United States. METHODS Paternal age in the United States from 1972 to 2015 was collected using the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). Population attributable fraction and paternal age-specific cumulative incidence rates of several cancers and neuropsychiatric disorders were obtained from peer-reviewed publications. Paternal age-specific birth rates were correlated with paternal age-specific cumulative incidence rates to determine the number of attributable cases of disease caused by advancing age of fathers in the United States. RESULTS The 2015 birth cohort in the United States is estimated to expect 9.2% more cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnosed before 16 years of age (157 additional cases), 13.2% more cases of embryonal tumors in children <5 years of age (209 additional cases), and 13.0% more cases of breast cancer in females younger than 40 years old (424 additional cases) compared to the 1972 birth cohort. We can estimate to expect 10.5% more cases of schizophrenia diagnosed before 21 years of age (2864 additional cases), 6.3% more cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adolescents <17 years of age (2934 additional cases), 4.5% more cases of anorexia nervosa (AN) in females 8-30 years old (620 additional cases), and 9.2% more cases of bipolar disorder in young patients 16-25 years old (252 additional cases) in the 2015 birth cohort compared to the 1972 birth cohort. CONCLUSION Increasing paternal age in the United States is associated with a substantial increase in the number of cases of early-onset cancer and neuropsychiatric disease in offspring.
Die Entdeckung des Weltalls: Eine Einleitung

Ein alter assyrischer Siegelzylinder aus dem Jahre 700 v.Chr. zeigt einen betenden Menschen, der zwischen zwei babylonischen Gottheiten steht (Abb. 1.1). Der Gott links mit der Axt ist vermutlich Marduk. Er spielt eine bedeutende Rolle in einer der altesten niedergeschriebenen Schopfungsgeschichten, dem Enuma-Elish. Nach dem Enuma-Elish begann das Weltall als Wasserchaos. Schlieslich wurden der Himmels- und der Erdgott geboren, aber im Korper der Tiamat, der Gottin des Chaos, gefangen gehalten. Marduk kampft mit Tiamat, totet sie und teilt mit seiner Axt ihren Korper in zwei Teile. Die eine Halfte ihres Korpers hebt er empor, damit sie den Himmel bilde. Die andere Halfte wird die Erde.
Transurethral Resection of a Bladder Tumor in Pregnancy: Decidual Reaction Bladder Endometriosis.

Background: Decidual reaction bladder endometriosis (DRBE) is exceedingly rare with few reported cases in the literature. It presents as a bladder mass during pregnancy, and may be accompanied by l...
Effects of ambient ozone exposure on circulating extracellular vehicle microRNA levels in coronary artery disease patients

Exposure to ambient air pollutants such as ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and rate of mortality, but the underlying biological mechanis...
Pediatric sublingual dermoid and epidermoid cysts: A 20-year institutional review

Abstract Introduction Pediatric cystic sublingual masses often present a diagnostic dilemma for practitioners. Though uncommon, dermoid or epidermoid cysts can present in the sublingual space at any age and are often misdiagnosed as an inflammatory pseudocyst (ranula) or lymphatic malformation. Imaging may not always identify the underlying etiology, requiring physicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for these relatively rare oral cysts. Objectives To describe the presentation and treatment of sublingual dermoid and epidermoid cysts presenting to a tertiary children's hospital over 20 years. Methods A retrospective review of all pathology specimens identified as dermoid or epidermoid cysts within the sublingual space from 1999 to 2019. Patient charts were then reviewed for relevant clinical, imaging, and operative data. Results Twelve pediatric patients were identified (8 female, 4 male) with a mean age of 7.2 years (SD 5.6). Eighty six percent (6/7) of dermoid cysts were found in female patients, while 60% (3/5) of epidermoid cysts were in male patients. Multiple dermoid and epidermoid cysts were each found in one patient (8%). Two epidermoid cysts presented in the neonatal period. Preoperative diagnosis included nondiagnostic “cystic mass” (33%), ranula (25%), lymphatic malformation (LM) (17%), and dermoid/epidermoid cyst (17%). Two thirds of patients (8/12) underwent imaging, with all receiving either MRI or CT. Although MRI was the most likely to suggest the possibility of a dermoid/epidermoid cyst (2/4), ranula was the most common primary radiographic diagnosis (5/8). One patient underwent sclerotherapy for presumed LM one year prior to surgical excision of the cyst. Eleven patients (92%) underwent intraoral excision, one (8.3%) underwent a combined intraoral/extraoral approach. Conclusions To our knowledge, this review represents the largest case series of pediatric sublingual dermoid and epidermoid cysts to date. This series contained higher levels of epidermoid cysts and female patients than previously reported in the literature. Identifying more dermoid cysts in females and epidermoid cysts in males is also a new finding. MRI was superior to CT and US regarding the presence of a dermoid/epidermoid cyst. Frequently misdiagnosed, it is important to consider these relatively rare pathologies when treating children presenting with sublingual masses in order to avoid delayed and/or inappropriate treatment.
Low assets and financial stressors associated with higher depression during COVID-19 in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Background COVID-19 and related containment policies have caused or heightened financial stressors for many in the USA. We assessed the relation between assets, financial stressors and probable depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Between 31 March 2020 and 13 April 2020, we surveyed a probability-based, nationally representative sample of US adults ages 18 and older using the COVID-19 and Life stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-being survey (n=1441). We calculated the prevalence of probable depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (cut-off ≥10) and exposure to financial stressors by financial, physical and social assets categories (household income, household savings, home ownership, educational attainment and marital status). We estimated adjusted ORs and predicted probabilities of probable depression across assets categories and COVID-19 financial stressor exposure groups. Results We found that (1) 40% of US adults experienced COVID-19-related financial stressors during this time period; (2) low assets (OR: 3.0, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.2) and COVID-19 financial stressor exposure (OR: 2.8, 95% CI 2.1 to 3.9) were each associated with higher odds of probable depression; and (3) among persons with low assets and high COVID-19 financial stressors, 42.7% had probable depression; and among persons with high assets and low COVID-19 financial stressors, 11.1% had probable depression. Persons with high assets and high COVID-19 financial stressors had a similar prevalence of probable depression (33.5%) as persons with low assets and low COVID-19 financial stressors (33.5%). The more assets a person had, the lower the level of probable depression. Conclusion Populations with low assets are bearing a greater burden of mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Just Compensation and the Condemnation of Future Interests: Empirical Evidence of the Failure of Fair Market Value

Just compensation for future interests should be directly responsive to the Fifth Amendment by directly addressing its dictate rather than detouring through objective standards which stress valuation rather than fairness. It is generally inappropriate to strictly adhere to any one predetermined standard in compensating owners whose property has been taken. The reasons behind the rules that govern the compensation awarded to an owner whose property has been taken have not vanished. However, these rules are frequently forsaken. If the United States Supreme Court is taken at its word, the normative basis for providing just compensation in all takings cases should be the Fifth Amendment's dictate of fairness and indemnity. Yet while the Supreme Court has repeatedly recognized the basis of just compensation as one of fairness and indemnity, it has also permitted blatant deviations through strict adherence to its fair-market-value standard. Future interest cases illustrate the need to ensure that just compensation is directly responsive to the Fifth Amendment. This approach would permit the consideration of many significant factors that are currently ignored, such as demoralization costs and fiscal illusion. This would thereby enable the just compensation mandate to compensate for the neutered status of the public use requirement. The inherently amorphous nature of this approach can be adequately structured with proper jury instructions as well as the continued use of specialized statutes. The usual objections to any fairness approach, however, lose cogency when the just compensation requirement is viewed, as it currently must be, as the final protection against governmental abuses of private property.
Importance of viscoelasticity in the thixotropic behavior of human blood

Recent work modeling the rheological behavior of thixo-elasto-viscoplastic (TEVP) materials such as human blood indicates that it has all of the hallmark features of a complex material, including shear-thinning, viscoelasticity, a yield stress, and thixotropy. After decades of modeling steady-state human blood rheological data, and the development of simple steady-state models, like the Casson and Herschel–Bulkley, the advancement and evolution of TEVP modeling to transient flow conditions now has reinvigorated interest. Using recently collected human blood rheological data, over a wide range of flow conditions from steady state to various oscillatory shear flows, we show and compare modeling efforts with the original and a viscoelasticity-enhanced version of the enhanced Apostolidis–Armstrong–Beris (EAAB) model. The viscoelasticity enhancement is then justified by its ability to improve predictions of small and large amplitude oscillatory shear as well as uni-directional oscillatory shear flow. The new viscoelastic parameter is then incorporated into a methodology to estimate the viscoelastic time scale of human blood. Lastly, we compare our new TEVP modeling approach with another recently developed TEVP model, mHAWB, for context.
Apercepción de valor Y tonalidad afectiva: Problemas de la fenomenología husserliana de Los sentimientos

According to husserlian phenomenology the primordial experience of value lays in emotive lived-experiences. In order to sustain his Idea Husserl suggest a parallelism between the external perception and the perception of values. The aim of this work is to clarify such parallelism stressing a particular problem of husserlian analysis: the affective tonality of the object of value and its relation to the feeling apperception involved in the experience of values.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Fellowship Program Website Content and Accessibility.

OBJECTIVE: When child and adolescent psychiatry fellowship applicants are applying to programs, many will use fellowship websites to gather information. This study assesses the accessibility and content available on child and adolescent fellowship websites. METHODS: Using the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) list of child and adolescent fellowship programs for 2020, 139 child and adolescent fellowship training websites were compiled. Information on websites was evaluated within the following three categories: program overview, application information and recruitment, and educational opportunities. A total of 22 criteria were evaluated within these three categories. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the websites. RESULTS: A list provided by ERAS and a Google search identified child and adolescent fellowship program websites. Analysis of content revealed most websites included an overview of the program (97.8%), but fewer included information such as the number of fellowship spots (51.5%), salary (45.5%), application deadline (41.0%), and call responsibility (19.4%). CONCLUSION: Results suggest there is room for improvement in the comprehensiveness and accessibility of child and adolescent fellowship websites. Especially during a time when much of the programmatic information will be obtained virtually due to COVID-19, it is critical that fellowship websites are uniformly curated so applicants can more easily find information about programs.
Photoinactivation of catalase sensitizes Candida albicans and Candida auris to ROS-producing agents and immune cells

Nearly all organisms found in nature have evolved and developed their own specific strategies to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase, a heme-containing tetramer protein expressed in a broad range of aerobic fungi, has been utilized as an essential enzymatic ROS detoxifying mechanism, and shows remarkable efficiency in degrading hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for fungal cell survival and host invasion. Here, we demonstrate that catalase inactivation with blue light renders fungal cells highly susceptible to ROS attack, thus resembling a 9strength-to-weakness optical switch9. To unveil catalase as the underlying molecular target of blue light and its inactivation mechanism, we systematically compared wild-type Candida albicans to a catalase-deficient mutant strain for susceptibility to ROS in the absence/presence of 410 nm treatment. Upon testing on a wide range of fungal species and strains, we found that intracellular catalase could be effectively and universally inactivated by 410 nm blue light. We find that the photoinactivation of catalase in combination with ROS-generating agents is highly effective and potent in achieving full eradication of multiple fungal species and strains, including multiple clinical strains of Candida auris, the causative agent of the global fungal epidemic. In addition, photoinactivation of catalase is shown to facilitate macrophage killing of intracellular Candida albicans. The antifungal efficacy of catalase photoinactivation is further validated using a Candida albicans-induced mouse model of skin abrasion. Taken together, our findings offer a novel catalase-photoinactivation approach to address multidrug-resistant Candida infections.
Factors Affecting the Perceptions of Organizational Pay Systems

This research examines the effect of individual, role, and organizational factors on perceptions of the organizational pay system. All three factors contribute to the variations in the perceived instrumental relationship between pay and performance. Role and organizational factor's exhibited the strongest relationship. The associations between the antecedent variables and the perceived instrumentalities are affected also by the degree of formalization in the company's merit system and in whether the population was managerial or blue collar. A general framework concerning how perceptions about reward systems are acquired is discussed.
RRTP - A Replacement Rule Theorem Prover

The Replacement Rule Theorem Prover (RRTP) is an instance-based, refutational, first-order clausal theorem prover. The prover is motivated by the idea of selectively replacing predicates by their definitions, and operates by selecting relevant instances of the input clauses. The relevant instances are grounded, if necessary, and tested for unsatisfiability by using a fast propositional calculus decision procedure.
The Political Economy of Opulence

“Economics is the science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.” Lionel Robbins' well-known definition of their subject is one which most economists would probably accept, at least as a description of their workaday activities. The definition allows—and it was specifically framed by its author to allow—for the pursuit of other ends than purely material ends; but in practice economists devote themselves predominantly to the study of the allocation of material means between ends conceived and defined in material terms. Inherent in the way economists set about their task is the implicit assumption that material means are scarce and material wants are pressing—in short that economic society is materially poor, and resources must not be wasted. This assumption permeates the theoretical apparatus of the subject; it also directs what economists have to say about economic policy. In the debate which has been going on over the general problem of inflation, for example, economists have been divided between those who stress the loss of production and potential growth of output that results from anything less than full employment of labour, and those who stress the loss of production and potential growth of output that results from the misallocation of resources brought about by inflation. Again, in making comparisons between the Russian and Western economic systems, economists have generally tended to accept as their standard of performance the rate of growth of output per head, a standard which gives away most of the positive points on the Western side. In both cases, the adoption of the output standard implicitly assumes that the economic problem is of prime importance.
Vessel‐specific quantification of blood oxygenation with T2‐relaxation‐under‐phase‐contrast MRI

Purpose Measurement of venous oxygenation (Yv) is a critical step toward quantitative assessment of brain oxygen metabolism, a key index in many brain disorders. The present study aims to develop a noninvasive, rapid, and reproducible method to measure Yv in a vessel-specific manner. Theory The method, T2-Relaxation-Under-Phase-Contrast MRI, utilizes complex subtraction of phase-contrast to isolate pure blood signal, applies nonslice-selective T2-preparation to measure T2, and converts T2 to oxygenation using a calibration plot. Methods Following feasibility demonstration, several technical aspects were examined, including validation with an established global Yv technique, test–retest reproducibility, sensitivity to detect oxygenation changes due to hypoxia and caffeine challenges, applicability of echo-planar-imaging (EPI) acquisition to shorten scan duration, and ability to study veins with a caliber of 1–2 mm. Results T2-Relaxation-Under-Phase-Contrast was able to simultaneously measure Yv in all major veins in the brain, including sagittal sinus, straight sinus, great vein, and internal cerebral vein. T2-Relaxation-Under-Phase-Contrast results showed an excellent agreement with the reference technique, high sensitivity to oxygenation changes, and test–retest variability of 3.5 ± 1.0%. The use of segmented-EPI was able to reduce the scan duration to 1.5 minutes. It was also feasible to study pial veins and deep veins. Conclusion T2-Relaxation-Under-Phase-Contrast MRI is a promising technique for vessel-specific oxygenation measurement. Magn Reson Med 71:978–989, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of complication and functional outcome reporting in the minimally invasive prostatectomy literature from 2006 to the present

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Minimally invasive approaches to radical prostatectomy have been touted to lead to superior surgical and functional outcomes with less potential complications despite scant and often conflicting reports in the peer reviewed literature. This review provides evidence that the minimally invasive prostatectomy literature still fails to meet the standards and critical benchmarks necessary for adequate complications reporting. Given our current release on observational studies. Increased effects should be made to standardize all complications and functional outcomes reporting for minimally invasive prostate cancer surgery. To query the minimally invasive urological literature from 2006 to the middle of 2010, focusing on complications and functional outcome reporting in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and robot-assisted LRP (RALP), to see if there has been an improvement in the overall reporting of complications. We performed a Medline search using the Medical Subject Heading terms ‘prostatectomy’, ‘laparoscopy’, ‘robotics’, and ‘minimally invasive’. We then applied the Martin criteria for complications reporting to the selected articles. We identified 51 studies for a total of 32 680 patients. When excluding functional outcomes the outpatient complications reporting was 20/51 (39.2%). In all, 35% and 43% of papers did not list any method for recording continence and potency, respectively. A complication grading system was only used in 30 studies (58.8%). Of the 16 papers using a grading scale in 2006–2007, only 31.3% used the Clavien system, compared with 69% from 2008 to the first half of 2010. In all, 27% of papers used some form of risk-factor analysis for complications. Multivariate analysis was used in 43% of papers, 29% looked at body mass index, while one looked at prostate weight, and another age. There has been an overall improvement in complications reporting in the minimally invasive RP literature since 2005. However, most studies still do not fulfil many of the criteria necessary for standardised complication reporting. Functional outcome reporting remains poor and unstandardised. Given our current reliance on observational studies, increased efforts should be made to standardise all complication outcomes reporting.
A quantitative analysis of secondary RNA structure using domination based parameters on trees

Background It has become increasingly apparent that a comprehensive database of RNA motifs is essential in order to achieve new goals in genomic and proteomic research. Secondary RNA structures have frequently been represented by various modeling methods as graph-theoretic trees. Using graph theory as a modeling tool allows the vast resources of graphical invariants to be utilized to numerically identify secondary RNA motifs. The domination number of a graph is a graphical invariant that is sensitive to even a slight change in the structure of a tree. The invariants selected in this study are variations of the domination number of a graph. These graphical invariants are partitioned into two classes, and we define two parameters based on each of these classes. These parameters are calculated for all small order trees and a statistical analysis of the resulting data is conducted to determine if the values of these parameters can be utilized to identify which trees of orders seven and eight are RNA-like in structure.
Effect of power measurement filter properties on CERTS microgrid control performance

In order to ensure resilient and high power quality microgrid operation, P-f and Q-V microgrid droop control algorithms rely on the calculation of active and reactive power outputs based on locally-measured voltage and current. A low-pass filter (LPF) on the calculated power signal is often incorporated by design into the droop controller, but the complete effect of the LPF on microgrid dynamics has not been adequately studied in the literature. This paper analytically and experimentally investigates the impact of the power measurement LPF bandwidth on several important aspects of microgrid performance. These include the dynamics of the interaction between network swing modes, voltage regulator dynamics, and filter dynamics as the filter bandwidth is swept across a large range. Three different voltage regulators are studied. Additionally, the role of the controller's LPF characteristics on the reduced-order large-signal nonlinear dynamics of inverter-based microgrids is investigated using an equivalent electromechanical system. Using a Lyapunov energy function, a family of linear power measurement filters is identified that ensures stability for a grid-tied frequency-droop-controlled inverter.
C.fast: A Fault Tolerant and Self Testing Microprocessor

During the spring of 1981, the authors were involved in a project to design a single chip fault tolerant microprocessor. The microprocessor chip is now being fabricated by the Multi Project Chip (MPC) facilities. This report presents a brief overview of the chip, examples of the reliability — testability techniques implemented, and some of the trade-off issues resolved during the design process: partitioning of control code into several PLA’s, and increase of PLA size and the overall chip size due to testability — reliability constraints.
Visualization of water transport in W1/O/W2 emulsions

Abstract Water transport between two aqueous phases and through an intervening oil phase under osmotic pressure was observed and quantified visually using capillary video-microscopy. Under certain conditions, a new mechanism was observed directly, according to which the pure-water phase emulsifies spontaneously and the resulting emulsified droplets migrate to the saline aqueous phase. Another finding was the importance of the thickness of the oil phase, O, that separates two aqueous bodies, W1 and W2, in that it determines which transport mechanism of water between W1 and W2 will be predominant. Specifically, in a W1/O/W2 emulsion globule where W1 represents the internal pure-water droplets and W2 the suspending saline-water medium, when W1 and W2 were at visual contact, water transport occurred mainly through the hydrated surfactant mechanism. In the case of a visible minimum distance of separation between W1 and W2, measuring from a few to over 100 μm, the water transport rate was found to be significantly lower than the rate at visual contact and water migration occurred via spontaneously emulsified droplets and reverse micelles. In all cases, the transport rate was independent of the size of the water droplets and the oil globule, and in the case of no visual contact, it was also independent of the minimum separation distance between W1 and W2. This result implies that, under the experimental conditions used, the water transport rate in W1/O/W2 emulsions is controlled by interfacial processes, rather than being diffusion controlled as has been suggested by previous work.
Observations Concerning Reproductive Temperature Requirements of Captive Lahontan Cutthroat Trout

Abstract The effects of holding temperature during late oocyte development and spawning on the timing of ovulation, fecundity, and egg survival in female Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi in three postovulatory regimes were investigated. The timing of ovulation was similar for females held at 7.2°C and 12.4°C from 2.5 to 6.0 months before the time of ovulation until spawning. Mean fecundity was higher for females held at 7.2°C. Mean egg eye-up, hatch, and swim-up rates were also higher for females held at 7.2°C. Eggs collected 1, 4, and 7 d postovulation exhibited similar survival rates within females regardless of holding temperature.
Modulation of Bleomycin Lung Injury By Short Exposure to Hyperoxia

n e w information about the initiation o f lung fibrosis induced by various fibrogenic agents. Glucocort icoids are used clinically in the t reatment of patients with pulmonary fibrosis. T h e s e corticosteroids have b e e n shown selectively to decrease procollagen synthesis in connect ive tissues and in fibroblasts.6 T h e b leomycin-medi ated increase o f collagen synthesis and collagen accumulation in rat lung is b locked by glucocorticoid t r e a t m e n t . 7 8 To d e t e r m i n e the molecular mechanism by which these drugs regulate collagen synthesis , chick skin and chick lung fibroblasts were treated with b leomycin followed by dexamethasone. This glucocorticoid reversed the b leomycininduced polysomal partit ioning o f type I procollagen m R N A and also reversed the stimulatory effect o f b leomycin on procollagen synthesis. T h e s e data indicate that glucocorticoids regulate col lagen synthesis induced b y b l e o m y c i n in lung and cultured fibroblasts.
Fish Oil Augments Macrophage Cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) Gene Expression Induced by Endotoxin

Background. Fish oil-supplemented diets have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects. Although fish oil is readily incorporated into the cell membrane and influences the production of eicosanoids, the exact mechanism is not clear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a major component of fish oil, on macrophage (Mφ) cyclooxygenase (COX) gene expression induced by LPS. Methods. RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse Mφ cell line, were grown in EPA-rich media for 24 h. Mφ were washed and exposed to Escherichia coli LPS (10 μg/ml). Membrane lipid profile was determined by gas chromatographic analysis. COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA expressions were determined by Northern blot assays with mouse-specific cDNA probes. PGE2 production of Mφ was measured by ELISA. Mφ production of COX-2 protein was determined by Western blot assays with an anti-COX-2 antibody. Results. Incubation in EPA-rich media increased membrane EPA and decreased arachidonic acid (AA) composition. COX-2 mRNA expression was induced by EPA and further augmented by LPS stimulation. EPA also augmented Mφ production of COX-2 protein. In comparison, COX-1 mRNA expression was not affected by either LPS stimulation or EPA incubation. EPA reduced PGE2 production by LPS-stimulated Mφ. To further support that COX-2 mRNA was regulated by COX product, exogenous PGE2 was added to Mφ prior to LPS stimulation. PGE2 reduced COX-2 mRNA of LPS-stimulated Mφ. Conclusion. EPA displaces AA and reduces PGE2 production by LPS-stimulated Mφ. Fish oil inhibition of Mφ PGE2 production induces COX-2 mRNA expression through a COX-2 product-mediated feedback mechanism.
Solute trapping of hydrogen in niobium; symmetry of the O-H pair

Abstract Anelastic relaxation techniques in the MHz frequency range were used to study the structure of the O-H pair in niobium and to determine its characteristic relaxation modes. Internal friction peaks were observed for longitudinal stress waves propogating in the 〈100〉, 〈110〉 and 〈111〉 and two activation enthalpies of motion were measured; 0.18eV in the 〈100〉 and 0.12eV in the 〈111〉. The ‘apparent’ binding enthalpies for the two principal relaxations were the same, 0.1 eV. These results are interpreted in terms of the motion of hydrogen around an oxygen interstitial trapping site. The relaxation symmetries, are related to the reorientations of nearest neighbor O-H pairs with 〈100〉 monoclinic symmetry second nearest neighbor pairs with 〈100〉 monoclinic symmetry and third nearest neighbor pairs with 〈110〉 monoclinic symmetry. Relations for the relaxation times in terms of atomic jump frequencies along specific reaction paths are developed. The measured parameters are related to the motion of hydrogen along these paths.
Ingested placenta blocks the effect of morphine on gut transit in Long-Evans rats.

Abstract Opioids produce antinociception, and ingested placenta or amniotic fluid modifies that antinociception. More specifically, ingested placenta enhances the antinociception produced by selective activation of central κ-opioid or δ-opioid receptors but attenuates that produced by activation of central μ-opioid receptors. Opioids also slow gut transit by acting on central or peripheral μ-opioid receptors. Therefore, we hypothesized that ingested placenta would reverse the slowing of gut transit that is produced by morphine, a preferential μ-opioid-receptor agonist. Rats were injected with morphine either centrally or systemically and fed placenta, after which gastrointestinal transit was evaluated. We report here that ingested placenta reversed the slowing of gut transit produced by centrally administered morphine but did not affect the slowing of gut transit produced by systemically administered morphine. These results suggest another likely consequence of placentophagia at parturition in mammals—reversal of opioid-mediated, pregnancy-based disruption of gastrointestinal function—as well as an important consideration in opioid-based treatments for pain in humans—enhancement of desirable effects with attenuation of adverse effects.
Cross-functional interface and disruption in CRM projects: Is marketing from Venus and information systems from Mars?☆

Abstract Because of the inherently cross-functional nature of customer relationship management, the use of cross-functional teams in CRM project implementations is virtually mandatory to achieve critical marketing and sales objectives. This study examines the effects of functional membership as well as team and individual performance evaluations on project members' perceptions of disruption and cooperation during CRM project implementations. The results show that IS project members are more likely to perceive internal volatility and manifest interfunctional conflict and less likely to perceive interfunctional cooperation than project members from either sales/marketing or general management. We also find that team performance evaluations are negatively associated with disruption and positively associated with cooperation, while individual evaluations are negatively associated with internal volatility.
Facebooking for health: An examination into the solicitation and effects of health-related social support on social networking sites

Abstract The current study investigates people’s use of social networking sites for health purposes and its impact on their perception of social support and their health self-efficacy. A structural model was fitted to test hypothesized relationships between having a health concern, seeking online health information, seeking health-related social support on Facebook, perceived social support from Facebook friends, and health-related self-efficacy. The study also looks at the relative significance of social support dimensions including: emotional, informational, tangible, and esteem dimensions. An analysis of 291 respondents revealed a positive relationship between having health concerns and seeking health-related social support. Seeking support was significantly associated with all four social support dimensions. Among the four support dimensions, emotional support was the only significant predictor of health self-efficacy. Also, emotional support was the dimension that was most prevalent in Facebook contexts. Health information seeking was also positively associated with health self-efficacy but was not significantly related to having a health concern.
A MODEL OF URBAN HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR WITH LEISURE CHOICE

This paper provides a complete comparative-static analysis of the simplest model of urban household behavior that incorporates time explicitly. Results involving the housing-price function and the effects on housing consumption and location (radial distance from the CBD) of exogenous changes in preferences for housing, housing price, and money costs of transportation are the same as in models not incorporating time explicitly. In addition, it is found that housing consumption and location are negatively related to commuting time, positively related to nonwage income, and ambiguously related (both a priori and empirically, for reasonable values of the relevant variables) to the wage rate.
Bayesian model comparison in generalized linear models across multiple groups

This paper extends the statistical method known as generalized linear Bayesian modeling developed by Adrian Raftery to the comparison of generalized linear models across multiple groups. The extension considers all relevant hierarchical models in the model space and tests parameter equality across groups by using Bayesian posterior information from the models. The conclusion drawn by using the proposed approach tends to be more conservative than Raftery's method and the conventional likelihood ratio test, as the examples demonstrates.
The Prejudiced Personality: A Cross-Cultural Test

basis for the idea of the prejudiced personality come almost exclusively from American samples. We may therefore question whether it actually reflects personality dynamics or whether, for example, it is an illusion stemming from consistencies in patterns of ethnic prejudice which are peculiar to segments of American society. In short, the issue is whether the concept of the prejudiced personality has cross-cultural validity.
Terphenyl substituted derivatives of manganese(II): distorted geometries and resistance to elimination

Reaction of {Li(THF)Ar′MnI2}2 (Ar′ = C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,6-iPr3)2) with LiAr′, LiCCR (R = tBu or Ph), or (C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)MgBr(THF)2 afforded the diaryl MnAr′2 (1), the alkynyl salts Ar′Mn(CCtBu)4{Li(THF)}3 (2) and Ar′Mn(CCPh)3Li3(THF)(Et2O)2(μ3-I) (3), and the manganate salt {Li(THF)}Ar′Mn(μ-I)(C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3) (4), respectively. Complex 4 reacted with one equivalent of (C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)MgBr(THF)2 to afford the homoleptic dimer {Mn(C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)(μ-C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)}2 (5), which resulted from the displacement of the bulkier Ar′ ligand in preference to the halogen. The reaction of the more crowded {Li(THF)Ar*MnI2}2 (Ar* = C6H3-2,6-(C6H2-2,4,6-iPr3)2) with LitBu gave complex Ar*MntBu (6). Complex 1 is a rare monomeric homoleptic two-coordinate diaryl Mn(II) complex; while 6 displays no tendency to eliminate β-hydrogens from the tBu group because of the stabilization supplied by Ar*. Compounds 2 and 3 have cubane frameworks, which are constructed from a manganese, three carbons from three acetylide ligands, three lithiums, each coordinated by a donor, plus either a carbon from a further acetylide ligand (2) or an iodide (3). The Mn(II) atom in 4 has an unusual distorted T-shaped geometry while the dimeric 5 features trigonal planar manganese coordination. The chloride substituted complex Li2(THF)3{Ar′MnCl2}2 (7), which has a structure very similar to that of {Li(THF)Ar′MnI2}2, was also prepared for use as a possible starting material. However, its generally lower solubility rendered it less useful than the iodo salt. Complexes 1–7 were characterized by X-ray crystallography and UV-vis spectroscopy. Magnetic studies of 2–4 and 6 showed that they have 3d5 high-spin configurations.
Feature-based predictability of 500 hpa height in the Australia-New Zealand region

Feature-based predictability stratifies forecast model errors on the basis of individual weather systems. We examine only one level and chose very simple categories: high, cut-off low, trough and block. European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts data are used. We emphasize systems found near Australia and New Zealand during winter 1987. Calculations for the preceding summer and fall and for other midlatitude regions of the southern hemisphere yield similar results.
Applications Of A Spaceborne Laser Ranger On Eos

An account is given of the design concept and potential applications in science and engineering of the spaceborne laser ranging and altimeter apparatus employed by the Geodynamics Laser Ranging System; this is scheduled for 1997 launch as part of the multiple-satellite Earth Observing System. In the retrograding mode for geodynamics, the system will use a Nd:YAG laser's green and UV output for distance determination to ground retroreflectors. Engineering applications encompass land management and long-term ground stability studies relevant to nuclear power plant, pipeline, and aqueduct locations.
Digital inverse filtering for linguistic research.

To enable differences in modes of glottal vibration to be studied, glottal air volume velocity waveforms can be recovered from speech recordings by inverse filtering. Most previous published work i...
Appearance potential measurements using ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry

Abstract The errors introduced by the kinetic shift make it desirable to develop methods for utilizing ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) ionization efficiency curves to obtain accurate thresholds for ionic fragmentation processes. The inverse convolution procedure of Vogt and Pascual [9] is tested and found to remove the effects of the high energy tail of the Maxwellian part of the electron energy distribution. New procedures for smoothing the ionization efficiency data and identifying the actual energy threshold are described and tested. The heat of formation of C3H5+ from propylene and cyclopropane was found to be 225± 2 kcal mol−1, in excellent agreement with other recent work.
The autophagy enhancer spermidine reverses arterial aging

Arterial aging, characterized by stiffening of large elastic arteries and the development of arterial endothelial dysfunction, increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We tested the hypothesis that spermidine, a nutrient associated with the anti-aging process autophagy, would improve arterial aging. Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, was ~20% greater in old (O, 28 months) compared with young C57BL6 mice (Y, 4 months, P<0.05). Arterial endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD), a measure of endothelial function, was ~25% lower in O (P<0.05 vs. Y) due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. These impairments were associated with greater arterial oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine), superoxide production, and protein cross-linking (advanced glycation end-products, AGEs) in O (all P<0.05). Spermidine supplementation normalized aPWV, restored NO-mediated EDD and reduced nitrotyrosine, superoxide, AGEs and collagen in O. These effects of spermidine were associated with enhanced arterial expression of autophagy markers, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that vascular protection by spermidine was autophagy-dependent. Our results indicate that spermidine exerts a potent anti-aging influence on arteries by increasing NO bioavailability, reducing oxidative stress, modifying structural factors and enhancing autophagy. Spermidine may be a promising nutraceutical treatment for arterial aging and prevention of age-associated CVD.
Incidence of female urethral diverticulum: a population-based analysis and literature review.

Urethral diverticulum (UD) is a protrusion of the urethra through the periurethral fascia. We aimed to determine the population-based incidence of female UD. Using the records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP), we identified women 18 years and older with a new diagnosis of UD in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, from 1 January 1980, through 31 December 2011. We also identified cases meeting the same criteria diagnosed at Mayo Clinic, regardless of county of residency. Incidence rates were calculated and trends for changes in incidence over time were tested. We conducted a systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception through 30 March 2013, to identify published reports of UD incidence or prevalence. We identified 164 incidence cases, including 26 women residing in Olmsted County. Age-adjusted annual incidence of UD in Olmsted County was 17.9 per 1,000,000 women (<0.02 %) per year (95 % CI, 10.9–24.9). We observed a trend toward increased incidence during the past 3 decades (P = 0.03). In our literature review, only 7 studies included an estimate of incidence or prevalence of UD; these estimates ranged from 6.4 per 1,000,000 per year (<0.01 %) having surgical intervention related to UD to a 4.7 % rate of UD diagnosed in asymptomatic women admitted for gynecological or obstetric issues. In this population-based study, female UD was a rare disease, affecting fewer than 20 per 1,000,000 women (<0.02 %) per year.
Reactions of imines with t-butyl isocyanide

The reactions of N-aryl imines with t-butyl isocyanide have been studied. Reaction only occurs with acid catalysis in non-basic solvents. The products from these reactions have bein identified as 2,3-bis(t-butylimino)azetidines and 3-t-butylamino-2-phenylindoles. Detailed chemical and spectral data are given in support of these assigned structures. Some preliminary reports on the chemistry of these products are described including a novel dehydrogenation by a peracid.
Influence of shockwave obliquity on deformation twin formation in Ta

Energetic loading subjects a material to a 'Taylor wave' (triangular wave) loading profile that experiences an evolving balance of hydrostatic (spherical) and deviatoric stresses. While much has been learned over the past five decades concerning the propensity of deformation twinning in samples shockloaded using 'square-topped' profiles as a function of peak stress, achieved most commonly via flyer plate loading, less is known concerning twinning propensity during non-I-dimensional sweeping detonation wave loading. Systematic small-scale energetically-driven shock loading experiments were conducted on Ta samples shock loaded with PEFN that was edge detonated. Deformation twinning was quantified in post-mortem samples as a function of detonation geometry and radial position. In the edge detonated loading geometry examined in this paper, the average volume fraction of deformation twins was observed to drastically increase with increasing shock obliquity. The results of this study are discussed in light of the formation mechanisms of deformation twins, previous literature studies of twinning in shocked materials, and modeling of the effects of shock obliquity on the evolution of the stress tensor during shock loading.
Factors associated with causes of preweaning lamb mortality

Abstract Data were collected on 2331 lambs born in late winter-early spring during the years 1981–1985, to identify and characterize causes of lamb preweaning mortality and to determine the associations of these causes with lamb birth weight, litter size, sex and three breeding groups. Necropsies were performed on 86.4% of all postparturient dead lambs. Lambs were from six breeds (Dorset, Finnsheep, Lincoln, Rambouillet, Suffolk and Targhee), several types of F1 crossbreds, and three synthetic lines developed from crossbred foundations. Various quasi-loglinear models were applied to the data to determine the appropriate fit. The data were classified according to breeding group (purebred, crossbred or synthetic), litter size (single, twin or triplet and greater), sex (male or female), birth weight (light, medium or heavy) and causes of death. The major causes of death, in descending order, were starvation, pneumonia, trauma (injuries and accidents) and gastrointestinal problems. Cause of death was not greatly influenced by litter size or sex of the lamb. However, birth weight of the lamb (irrespective or litter size) and breeding group had highly significant influences on causes of death. Lambs weighing less than 3 kg had a high risk of dying from starvation and/or trauma. Purebred lambs had a greater risk of dying from trauma than crossbred lambs or lambs from the synthetic lines. Crossbred lambs were superior for viability and had less risk.