cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multifocal renal cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic features and outcomes for tumors </=4 cm.

A significant increase in the incidental detection of small renal tumors has been observed with the routine use of cross-sectional abdominal imaging. However, the proportion of small renal tumors associated with multifocal RCC has yet to be established. Here then, we report our experience with the treatment of multifocal RCC in which the primary tumor was ≤4 cm. In our series of 1113 RCC patients, 5.4% (60/1113) had multifocal disease at the time of nephrectomy. Discordant histology was present in 17% (10/60) of patients with multifocal RCC. Nephron sparing surgery was utilized more frequently in patients with solitary tumors. Overall, cancer-specific, and distant metastasis-free survival appeared to be similar between multifocal and solitary tumors. These findings are consistent with previous series which evaluated multifocal RCC with tumors >4 cm. With the known incidence of multifocality RCC, careful inspection of the entire renal unit should be performed when performing nephron sparing surgery.
High dose busulfan/etoposide as a preparatory regimen for second bone marrow transplants in hematologic malignancies.

Five patients with hematologic malignancies who had relapsed between seven months and eight years after their primary bone marrow transplants were prepared with high dose busulfan/etoposide for second marrow transplanatations from the same donors who had provided the marrow for the primary transplants. The preparatory regimen was well tolerated. All patients engrafted and entered complete remission. Two patients are alive and in continued remission two and ten months after second transplant. One patient died with acute respiratory failure after two months and two patients relapsed again eight and 17 months after second marrow transplantation. The combination busulfan/etoposide may prove to be a suitable preparatory regimen for second bone marrow transplant attempts in selected patients.
Mapping OMRS to Rewriting Logic

Abstract The long-term objective of the Open Mechanized Reasoning Systems (OMRS) project is to provide a framework for specifying and structuring reasoning systems, and a technology for integrating and interoperating diverse proof systems with each other and with other software components. We structure an OMRS in three layers: the deductive machinery; strategies for controlling inference; and interaction capabilities. The underlying deduction machinery of an OMRS is described by a reasoning theory which provides a sequent system, a set of rules and an operational model given by an associated algebra of derivation structures. There is an obvious analogy between reasoning theories and rewriting logic theories. Namely, a sequent system in its simplest form corresponds to the equational part of a rewriting logic theory, reasoning theory rules correspond to the rule part of a rewriting logic theory, and the algebra of derivation structure corresponds to the proof term model of rewriting logic. The objective of this paper is to make this correspondence more precise, and to indicate how the correspondence might be used in different ways to enrich both the OMRS world and the rewriting logic world.
2-Pyridylcarbinol N-oxide complexes from transition metal ion tetrafluoroborates

Abstract Complexes of 2-pyridylcarbinol N-oxide coordinated as both a monodentate and a bidentate ligand have been prepared from the tetrafluoroborates of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). IR evidence is provided for the bidentate character of the ligand. Molar conductivities and electronic spectra of the complexes are also reported.
Effect of α-Tocopherol Treatment on Activity of Frozen-Thawed Boar Spermatozoa

The effect of α-tocopherol on freezing-thawing process of boar spermatozoa was studied. The ejaculated semen was added α-tocopherol then the semen was taken for freezing. Addition of α-tocopherol decreased the malondialdehyde content and prevented the loss of motility by the freezing-thawing process. After thawing, addition of α-tocopherol inhibited to increase of lactate content, but the lactate content of control increased with time. In the presence of antimycin A, respiratory inhibitor, lactate content of addition of α-tocopherol was same as control. Addition of ethanol reduces cytosol and increases the ratio of lactate to pyruvate. Addition of α-tocopherol declined the ratio of lactate to pyruvate in the presence of ethanol and the effect was inhibited by antimycin A. These data suggest that α-tocopherol prevents peroxidation during freezing-thawing process, as a result, aerobic respiration is maintained and the loss of motility is prevented.
Memsahibs and their servants in nineteenth-century India[1]

Abstract From the beginning of the nineteenth century, British memsahibs, the wives of officials, military officers, missionaries, and merchants, consistently expounded an image of Indians to the female reading public in Britain through their letters and diaries to female relatives, and through published autobiographies, advice manuals, articles, and advice columns in women's periodicals. Since servants were the group of Indians with whom memsahibs had the most contact, their relationship with domestics shaped British women's attitudes towards the Indian in general. The servants' dark skin and their religious, social, and linguistic differences contributed to the negative attitudes of the memsahibs towards them. The Indian rebellion of 1857 and the emergence of social Darwinism further heightened memsahibs' beliefs that Indians were subhuman savages. Earlier generations of memsahibs influenced the later generations through their derogatory comments about Indian domestics. Furthermore, by writing about the...
Drive for Muscularity and Drive for Thinness: The Impact of Pro-Anorexia Websites

In recent years, websites that stress the message of thinness as the ideal and only choice have surfaced on the internet. The possibility that pro-anorexia websites may reinforce restrictive eating and exercise behaviors is an area of concern. In addition, friends may be influencing one another to view these websites, further contributing to drive for thinness in women and drive for muscularity in men. Three hundred male and female undergraduate psychology students responded to questionnaires assessing: internalization of pro-anorexia website content, internalization of general media content, influence of friends to view pro-anorexia websites, peer influence, drive for muscularity, and drive for thinness. Results showed internalization of pro-anorexia website content was positively correlated with drive for thinness in women, and negatively correlated with drive for muscularity in men. Internalization of pro-anorexia website content was found to be related to both drive for thinness in women and drive for muscularity in men.
Phase transitions of helium in aerogel

The effect of dilute quenched impurities on the liquid-vapor critical point, superfluid and He3−He4 phase separation transitions were studied by introducing liquid helium into aerogel. Aerogel is a highly porous glass consisting of atomically thin silica strands interconnected at random sites. In spite of the random environment, the transitions were found to be remarkably sharp and well defined. Although the silica network constitutes as little as two percent of the total volume, the nature of the transitions is completely changed. When a He3−He4 mixture is placed inside aerogel of 98 percent porosity, the coexistence region is found to be detached from the superfluid transition, line, giving rise to a new superfluid mixture that is rich in He3.
Variable Response of Human Cells to Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid

Human cells derived from various organs of a single embryo responded variably to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid with respect to induction of antiviral resistance and interferon.
Applications of bent cylindrical mirrors to X-ray beam lines☆

Abstract Bent cylindrical mirrors are considered as substitutes for paraboloidal and ellipsoidal mirrors in X-ray beam lines. Analytic and raytracing studies are used to compare their optical performance with the corresponding ideal elements. Particular emphasis is placed on obtaining the practical limitations in the application of bent cylinders to typical beam line configurations.
Influence of finite thickness and stiffness on cellular adhesion-induced deformation of compliant substrata

Thin, mechanically compliant coatings commonly serve as substrata for adherent cells in cell biology and biophysics studies, biological engineering applications, and biomedical device design. The deformation of such a coating at the cell-substratum interface defines the link between cellular traction, substratum stiffness, and the chemomechanical feedback mechanisms responsible for cellular mechanosensitivity. Here we apply elasticity theory to investigate how this deformation is affected by the finite thickness of such a cell substratum. The model idealizes a cellular adhesion site (e.g., a focal adhesion) as a circular area of uniform tangential traction, and compares the deformation of a compliant semi-infinite material to that of a coating of the same material supported by a rigid base. Two parameters are identified and considered: center displacement (as a measure of adhesion site displacement) and normal strain gradient (as a measure of adhesion site distortion). The attenuation of these parameters provides two measures for the influence of a finite coating thickness and underlying rigid base on cell-mediated deformation of the compliant substratum. A dimensionless term in the resulting solutions connects the coating thickness to the characteristic size of the adhesion sites. This relation, and calculations of the minimum thickness at which the rigid base is practically undetectable by an adherent cell, are supported by existing experimental literature and our observations of the projected area of fibroblasts adhered to polyacrylamide hydrogel coatings with various thicknesses atop relatively rigid glass. The model thus provides a tool for estimating the effective stiffness sensed by a cell attached to a compliant coating. We also identify and consider conceptualizations of critical thickness, or minimum suitable thickness for an application, which depend on both the frame of reference and the cell behavior of interest. The appropriate usage of different definitions resolves the disparity in values reported in the literature. Finally, the distinction between adhesion site displacement and distortion noted in this model could be useful in designing substrata to elucidate the controlling mechanisms of cellular mechanosensing.
Polymeric Schiff Bases. VII. Some Parameters in the Evaluation of the Thermal Stability of Poly(p-Xylylidene-p-phenylenediamine)

Abstract Thermogravimetric analyses of poly(p-xylylidene-p-phenylenediamine) in nitrogen, helium, and air yield stability values substantially identical to values obtained from tests in vacuo. The respective thermal stability values in nitrogen and in air are unchanged over a fourfold change in gas flow rates. Slightly lower values are found at heating rates of 5–15°C/min than at 30°C/min. Thermal stabilities are lower in oxygen than in air, but the values are still relatively high. Higher apparent thermal stability values are observed when a powder sample of 10 mg is evaluated as a single mass rather than as a fine powder. Calorimetric measurements indicate that Schiff base polymers which have been heated in nitrogen to 1000–1200°C have not been converted to graphite-type polymers. The Schiff base polymers are resistant to radiation; their stability is shown to be independent of dose rate and of the nature of the ionizing radiation.
Decision-theoretic issues in heterogeneity variance estimation

Motivated by a heteroscedastic random effects setting of meta-analysis, a general model for the between-study variance is studied from the decision-theoretic point of view. This model leads to estimation of a linear in the variance reciprocals, random function or to simultaneous inference on curve-confined natural parameters of independent heterogeneous $$\chi ^2$$ -random variables with given degrees of freedom. A form of the Stein phenomenon for the suggested loss functions is noted; the exact minimax value is determined, and minimax estimators are derived.
The impact of ionizing radiation on placental trophoblasts.

Introduction Exposure to low-dose radiation is widespread and attributable to natural sources. However, occupational, medical, accidental, and terrorist-related exposures remain a significant threat. Information on radiation injury to the feto-placental unit is scant and largely observational. We hypothesized that radiation causes trophoblast injury, and alters the expression of injury-related transcripts in vitro or in vivo, thus affecting fetal growth.
Pneumonectomy secondary to Mycobacterium fortuitum in infancy

Abstract Severe necrotic lung disease as a result of infection with a rapidly growing mycobacteria occurred in a 4-monthold infant. Successful treatment required a pneumonectomy.
Phase correction in low coherence diffraction phase microscopy using the optical transfer function

In this work, we experimentally determine the transfer function of our recently reported epi-illumination white light diffraction phase microscopy (epi-wDPM) system. The transfer function identifies how the low frequencies below k0NAcon are modified due to the limited spatial coherence and how the high frequencies above k0NAobj are affected due to the limited objective numerical aperture. Using this transfer function, we perform deconvolution to remove the halo and obtain proper quantitative phase measurements without the need for excessive spatial filtering. The wDPM and epi-wDPM systems are now capable of obtaining halo-free images with proper topography at much higher speeds.
The time cost of prehospital intubation and intravenous access in trauma patients.

Objectives. The prehospital management of trauma patients remains controversial. Little is known about the time each procedure contributes to the on-scene duration, andthis information would be helpful in prioritizing which procedures to perform in the prehospital setting. We sought to estimate the contribution of procedures to on-scene duration focusing on intubation andestablishment of intravenous (IV) access. Methods. Data were provided by the Office of Emergency Planning andResponse at the Mississippi Department of Health. Real-time prehospital patient-level data are collected by emergency medical services (EMS) providers for all 9-1-1 calls statewide. Linear regression was performed to determine the overall additional time for an average procedure andto calculate marginal increases in on-scene time associated with the establishment of IV access andwith endotracheal intubation. Analyses were performed using Stata 9. Results. During 2001–2005, 192,055 prehospital runs were made for trauma patients. 121...
Recycling steel from grinding swarf

Two cleaning processes have been investigated for removing contaminants (cutting oil with phosphorus ester) from high speed steel (HSS) griding swarf. One process uses an aqueous surfactant washing technique, and the second process uses supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO{sub 2}) extraction. Both technical and preliminary financial analysis are performed to have a better evaluation of these two competing cleaning technologies. Bench scale aqueous washings have shown that the required phosphorus removal is easily obtained, but a sufficient oil removal is more difficult. The experimental results also indicate a strong dependence of the aqueous washing efficiency on the choice of a suitable surfactant. SCCO{sub 2} extraction at 80 C and 340 atm shows that approximately 80% of the oil can be removed from swarf during a 60-minute process to produce a batch of recyclable steel, and that the phosphorus removal also reaches the required level. The cost of processing swarf using either aqueous surfactant washing or SCCO{sub 2} extraction in a 3,000,000 lbs per year plant is analyzed and the market forces impacting the feasibility of recycling on a commercial basis are reviewed. Commercial scale recycling is, in part, dependent upon resolution of regulatory uncertainty on the definition of swarf. States regulatingmore » swarf as hazardous provide a significant financial incentive to recycle. In states that regulate swarf as a solid waste, low disposal costs provide a disincentive that must be balanced with the possible hidden, future liabilities of landfill disposal.« less
Seven New Species of Elaphidiini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Dominican Republic with Taxonomic Notes, New Country Records, and a Key to Elaphidion Audinet-Serville from Hispaniola

Abstract Seven new species, two new combinations, two new synonyms, and four new country records of Elaphidiini longhorned woodborers (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from the Dominican Republic are presented. Elaphidion compressipenne Fisher is transferred to Ceresium Newman as C. compressipenne (Fisher), new combination. Callidium lucidum Olivier is transferred to Metaphrenon Martins as M. lucidum (Olivier), new combination. A neotype (USNM) is designated for Elaphidion fullonium Newman, and Elaphidion confusum Fisher is a new synonym of that species. Elaphidion pilosum Fisher is a new synonym of Anelaphus mutatum (Gahan). Nesiosphaerion testaceum (Fisher), Anelaphus crispulum (Fisher), and Elaphidion androsensis Fisher are recorded for the first time from the Dominican Republic. Taxonomic confusion concerning Elaphidion bidens (Fabricius) is clarified. The following new species are described from the Dominican Republic: Anelaphus praeclarus Lingafelter (type locality: Guaraguao, La Altagracia Prov.), Nesiosp...
A dynamic capture–recapture model for software defect prediction

Several models have been developed that attempt to predict the total number of defects in a software product. One such approach uses the capture–recapture model, a technique employed by biologists for predicting wildlife populations. In this method once the software is built and defects begin to be identified a prediction can be made for the total number of software defects present. But capture–recapture models rely on expert inspectors and the technique cannot be employed once the software has been released. The work reported here extends the capture–recapture technique to the post-inspection phase and to where inspection data is unavailable, by using user defect reports. The proposed technique does not rely on expert inspectors and is particularly suitable for open source software.
ENSO influences on Southern Hemisphere column ozone during the winter to spring transition

[1] This study investigates how the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulates the distribution of column ozone during the Southern Hemisphere (SH) winter to spring transition, when a zonal asymmetry in column ozone develops near 55°S, with a maximum south of Australia. ENSO differences in column ozone and planetary wave structure are explored for the average of seven El Nino (EN) versus six La Nina (LN) events during 1982–2004. A westward shift in convection during LN corresponds to a 30–50° westward shift of SH planetary wave and column ozone patterns. The extratropical lower stratospheric temperature anomalies are inversely correlated with tropical anomalies in similar longitude bands and are highly correlated with local column ozone anomalies. The tropical signal is communicated to higher latitudes by modulating subtropical anticyclones, with distinctive responses for EN and LN years for each month. During August and EN a subtropical anticyclone extends from South America to South Africa, and the wave one asymmetry of the Antarctic vortex is more pronounced and shifted eastward, along with column ozone. In September and EN a strong anticyclone exists over South Africa, with a corresponding cold, ozone-poor anomaly in the stratosphere, diminishing the western edge of the ozone maximum. In October and LN a strong anticyclone exists over Australia, with an amplified trough on its poleward flank. This trough is overlain by an ozone-rich warm anomaly, which expands the western edge of the ozone maximum, and the polar vortex asymmetry is amplified and rotated westward.
Two-dimensional plasma equilibrium in a magnetic field

A criterion for two-dimensional plasma equilibrium is derived from the Vlasov equation. It may be shown that particle densities are constant on any surface of constant electrostatic potential only if the plasma drift kinetic energies are constant on the electrostatic equipotential surfaces.
Excellence and professionalism in radiology

W557 and profitability, which are separable from those doing the work, count for a lot but are not the “whole story.” For one thing, their supply is limited and their pursuit can result in destructive competition. In health care, the successful pursuit of goods by any single individual or organization often entails the failure of other organizations. For one to win, others must lose. Each is trying to take away the others’ business. When it comes to intrinsic goods, however, the flourishing of one individual or organization does not threaten others. In fact, cultivating excellence of character actually redounds to everyone’s benefit by enhancing the standing of the field. Whereas the number of radiologic examinations and amount of money that can be allocated to radiology are relatively fixed from year to year, the pursuit of excellence is unlimited. For example, every department could foster higher-quality relationships with patients and the benefits in enhanced respect and trust would enrich all of radiology [2]. Someone who pursues excellence to gain extrinsic goods has mistaken the lesser good for the greater [3]. Excellence is not a means to augment profitability, promote a career, or win awards. Quite the reverse: Extrinsic goods such as money, power, and fame are useful primarily to the extent that they enable us to become better professionals and human beings. The goal is not simply to maximize productivity or profitability, which might entail excessive professional and personal sacrifices. Seeking to acquire more things makes no sense if it requires us to become lesser human beings. When it comes to excellence, people are more important than processes, and personal integrity and fulfillment are more important than mere profitability [4]. An individual or organization that is prepared to Excellence and Professionalism in Radiology
The use of plasma parameters to predict ovarian maturation stage in English sole Parophrys vetulus Girard

Abstract Oocyte development and associated changes in condition factor and levels of estradiol, vitellogenin [measured as alkali-labile protein-associated phosphate (ALP)], calcium, magnesium, phosphate, total protein, triglycerides, and glucose in plasma were monitored in female English sole Parophrys vetulus Girard from Puget Sound throughout the 1985–86 and 1986–87 spawning seasons. Discriminant analysis was applied to data collected in 1985–86 to select a suite of parameters that could accurately differentiate between female sole in different stages of ovarian maturation. On the basis of plasma levels of ALP, estradiol, total protein, and triglycerides, fish in five histologically determined ovarian maturation stages (i.e., regressed, previtellogenic, vitellogenic, spawning, and spawned out) could be distinguished from each other with ≈70% accuracy. When the model was used to classify female sole collected in 1986–87, ovarian maturation stage was predicted correctly in 68% of the fish examined, a significantly greater proportion than the 20% which would be expected on the basis of chance alone. This method for predicting ovarian developmental stage would be particularly useful in laboratory studies in which it is necessary to assess the stage of gonadal development without sacrificing test animals, and could also be applicable in field studies designed to monitor reproductive cycles of marine species.
Membranes of mammary gland. XII. Loosely associated proteins and compositional heterogeneity of bovine milk fat globule membrane.

Abstract Electrophoretic patterns of polypeptides of milk fat globule differed quantitatively depending on extent of washing during membrane preparation. This was due to selective loss of loosely associated, extrinsic membrane proteins. Major polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 155,000 and 43,500 and membrane glycoproteins were released selectively during preparation of milk fat globule membranes. Evidence suggested that xanthine oxidase was a constituent of the selectively removed polypeptide fraction of apparent molecular weight 155,000. A major class of polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 62,500 was not extracted from milk fat globule membrane by treatment with dilute salts, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, or by nonionic and ionic detergent solutions. Milk fat globule membranes were separated into seven subfractions on isopycnic centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. Specific activities of the enzymes 5′-nucleotidase, xanthine oxidase, acid and alkaline phosphatases were similar or identical in all fractions. Electrophoretic analysis showed these seven subfractions had similar polypeptide profiles. Both phospholipid and total lipid content of subfractions were correlated inversely with fraction density. The results show that milk fat globule membrane is nearly homogenous in content of intrinsic membrane proteins and certain membrane
Distributions and effects of existing and proposed wastes dumped into the deep ocean

Except for containerized low-level radioactive waste having been dropped from vessels, all deep ocean waste disposal under United States permit has been and is surface discharged from barges of industrial and some municipal wastes. Two deep ocean sites have been used, one off the east coast in over 2000m of water the other north of Puerto Rico in over 8000m. This disposal method exploits the large initial dilution which is achievable with slow release from moving vessels and dispersion in the wind mixed upper ocean. Neither attribute is unique to the deep ocean, both are available with coastal discharges. The deep ocean is used because its surface waters are less productive and necessary to valued fisheries than the coastal ocean. Benthic effects from deep ocean disposal will be a function of the setting rate of waste particles or biogenic particles with incorporated waste components. For some wastes, proposed for extensive deep ocean dumping, such as fly ash from electric power plants, settling is rapid and distinct layers will be created on the seafloor. For others, such as sewage sludge, the benthic flux may be undetectable in sediment samples until decades of dumping have passed. Knowledge gained from studies of disposal and its effects at the two existing deep ocean sites will be reviewed and used to hypothesize the distribution and effects of proposed new wastes being considered for ocean disposal.
Energy Levels of Gd 3+ in Five Hexagonal Crystals*

The optical absorption spectra of 1% Gd:LaBr3, 5% Gd:LaCl3, GdCl3, 2% Gd:Y(OH)3 and Gd(OH)3 at 1.5 K in high resolution are given over the region 31 000 cm−1 to 41 000 cm−1. Reduced matrix elements based on intermediate-coupling free-ion calculations are used to perform a crystal-field analysis for Gd3+ in a 6¯(C3h) symmetry electrostatic field. A least-squares fit to levels in each crystal has led to the assignment of M quantum numbers to most levels and of Bkq parameters to each crystalline host.
The Response of Transpiration Resistance to Leaf Temperature as a Desiccation Resistance Mechanism in Tree Seedlings

Transpiration rate and leaf transfer resistance to water vapor loss were determined under a range of leaf temperatures for Quercus macrocarpa, Q. velutina, Q. alba, Q. rubra, and Acer saccharum. Transfer resistance increased with rising leaf temperatures between 20 and 40°C in all species, but the rate of increase in resistance was greatest in species which normally occupy xeric sites. Increased transfer resistance with rising leaf temperature may be significant in preventing rapid desiccation of leaves under the large evaporative stress imposed by high leaf temperature.
Ia antigen expression is increased on tunicamycin-resistant human B-lymphoid cells.

Abstract Cultured human B-lymphoid cells WIL-2 were mutated with ethylmethane sulfonate and selected for resistance to tunicamycin, an antibiotic that selectively inhibits N-linked glycosylation. Ultrastructural analysis of five isolated tunicamycin-resistant mutants (TM R ) showed changes in surface microvilli, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum, and an increase in surface myelin figures. Cytofluorometric analysis of TM R cells incubated with anti-HLA monoclonal antibodies showed a normal density of HLA-A,B antigens and an increased density of Ia antigens. The properties of these TM R mutants have remained stable for at least 18 months. These TM R cells may serve as a useful model to study the biochemical events in the processing and expression of Ia antigens.
Interaction of [125I] beta nerve growth factor with acidic proteins.

We have demonstrated that the β nerve growth factor will interact with various acidic proteins apparently nonspecifically. When125I-labeled β nerve growth factor at a concentration of 3.8×10−10 M is incubated with an acidic protein at 2 mg/ml (4.5×10−6–4.4×10−5 M), a complex is formed. This complex changes the isoelectric point of the125I-labeled β nerve growth factor sufficiently so that the125I-labeled β nerve growth factor migrates anomalously in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The interaction between β nerve growth factor and bovine serum albumin, which appears to be complex, may be the cause of the previously reported activation of the β nerve growth factor when bovine serum albumin is present in a typical bioassay.
15-lipoxygenase-2 expression in benign and neoplastic lung: an immunohistochemical study and correlation with tumor grade and proliferation

15-Lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX-2) is an arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzyme expressed in prostate, lung, skin, esophagus, and cornea. In the benign prostate, it is expressed in differentiated secretory epithelial cells, where its enzymatic product 15-HETE may regulate transcription by activating the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). 15-LOX-2 and 15-HETE formation are reduced in prostate carcinoma. The distribution of 15-LOX-2 in the normal lung and its expression in lung carcinomas has not been reported and was investigated in the current study by using immunohistochemistry and tissue microarrays (TMAs). In benign lung, 15-LOX-2 immunostaining was noted exclusively in type II pneumocytes, which are known to express PPARgamma. Of 160 lung carcinomas, 15-LOX-2 was expressed in non-small cell carcinomas (NSCLC), including 33 of 69 (48%) adenocarcinomas, with 10 of 16 (63%) bronchioloalveolar carcinomas immunopositive. Fourteen of 55 (25%) squamous cell carcinomas and 2 of 14 (14%) large cell carcinomas showed weak immunostaining. All 19 neuroendocrine tumors were negative. Better differentiated NSCLCs showed greater 15-LOX-2 expression, with a significant inverse correlation between 15-LOX-2 immunostaining and tumor grade (P < 0.03). A significant inverse correlation was also noted between 15-LOX-2 immunostaining and tumor cell proliferation (Ki-67 immunostaining; P < 0.0001). These findings suggest a possible role of 15-LOX-2 in regulating secretory differentiation and proliferation in benign lung and NSCLCs, particularly adenocarcinomas.
Saint Francis and the Sultan: the Curious History of a Christian-Muslim Encounter

Saint Francis and the Sultan: the Curious History of a Christian-Muslim Encounter, by John Tolan, Oxford University Press: New York, 2009, xvi + 382pp. ISBN 978 0 19 923972 6, US$55 (cloth) John To...
Determination of particle mass and charge by one electron differentials

Abstract An instrument is described which is capable of measuring mass in picograms of a suspended particle to better than 0.5% and the exact number of electronic charges on the particles. The mass and charge are arrived at by automatically rebalancing a particle in a Millikan chamber after the particle absorbs or emits a single electron.
Maturational increase in mouse brain creatine kinase reaction rates shown by phosphorus magnetic resonance

In-vivo phosphorus fluxes in the reaction catalyzed by creatine kinase (CK) were measured in brains of mice from 3 to 40 days of age using high-field (8.45 T) phosphorus magnetic resonance and the saturation transfer technique. This technique gives the ratio of chemical flux to reactant concentration directly and allows the calculation of pseudo-rate constants for the forward direction from PC to ATP (kf) and for the reverse direction (kr). The spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) for phosphocreatine (PC) and for the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) nuclei, estimated by the progressive saturation technique, did not change during this age period. The PC concentration doubled relative to the NTP concentration over the first month of life. The kf and the flux of phosphorus nuclei in the forward direction increased 2- to 3-fold in the very narrow time period from 12 to 15 days of age. Brain phosphorus flux from PC to ATP thus increased 4- to 6-fold in the first month of life. An increase at least that large occurred in the reverse direction, but the kr could not be measured consistently in the younger animals using the saturation transfer technique. Phosphorus fluxes were equal in the forward and reverse directions in the mature brain. The capacity to increase rates of glycolysis and tissue respiration in response to increased energy demand appears in the same narrow age period as the increase in CK-catalyzed reaction rates in the developing rodent brain. We propose that these coincident changes in brain energy metabolism reflect the maturation of mechanisms for coupling cell energy production to rapid changes in energy requirements.
Nitrogen elimination in Trichoplusia ni parasitized by the insect parasite, Hyposoter exiguae

Abstract 1. 1. The fecal uric acid concentration and total uric acid excreted per mg fresh body weight were sharply increased in Trichoplusia ni larvae parasitized by the insect parasite, Hyposoter exiguae . 2. 2. This result was consistent with previous studies that indicated an elevated rate of gluconeogenesis in parasitized individuals. 3. 3. In contrast, pair-fed larvae had lower levels of excreted uric acid than their unparasitized counterparts.
The Relationship between Prescription Medication Use and Ability to Ambulate Distances after Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract Kohout RK, Saunders LL, Krause JS. The relationship between prescription medication use and ability to ambulate distances after spinal cord injury. Objective To investigate the relationship between prescription medication use for pain and spasticity and ambulation distances while controlling for pain severity, injury severity, age, sex, and race in participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Secondary analysis of survey data. Setting Specialty hospital in the Southeast United States. Participants Adults (N=407) with traumatic SCI identified through inpatient and outpatient hospital databases. Intervention Not applicable. Main Outcomes Measures A questionnaire measured prescription medication use, ambulation distance, and other demographic data. A composite score of four 10-point scales from the Brief Pain Inventory was used to measure pain severity. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of ambulation distance using 1000ft or more as the reference group. Results Persons with SCI who were heavy prescription medication users (defined as weekly or daily use for pain or spasticity) were more likely to be limited to distances less than 150 (OR, 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57–5.04) and 150 to 999ft (OR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.45–4.39). Conclusion Heavy prescription medication use for pain and spasticity was related inversely to a person's ability to achieve community ambulation distances of 1000ft or more.
Effects of hippocampectomy in an incremental-step DRL paradigm.

Abstract The effects of massive hippocampal lesions in rats were examined for the first time in a paradigm which required mastery of successive DRL schedules, beginning with DRL-2 sec and continuing to DRL-20 sec in increments of 3 sec delay, without prior continuous reinforcement pretraining. The hippocampectomized group generally displayed markedly impaired efficiency (the ratio of reinforcements to responses) relative to the cortical-ablated and sham-operated control groups on all schedules. Further, the hippocampectomized rats required progressively more days to achieve the 50% efficiency criterion with increasing schedule delay such that only 27% of the group passed DRL-11 sec compared with 100% of the cortical-ablated group and 82% of the sham-operated group. Only one hippocampectomized rat magaged to pass all the schedules. The findings were evaluated in the context of previous relevant research and currently viable hypotheses of hippocampal function.
Pseudopotential calculations of relaxation and formation energy of a vacancy in aluminum

Abstract The paper presents the results of a study of the relaxation and formation energy of a vacancy in aluminum using pseudo-potential methods. Two pseudo-potential form factors were used: the model potential of Abarenkov and Heine, and the empirical potential of Ashcroft. Only very slight modification of the pseudo-potential form factors is needed in order to yield reasonable relaxation parameters and the vacancy formation energy in agreement with experiment. In spite of the extreme sensitivity of the atomic properties of solids to slight variations of the pseudo-potential form factors, it is concluded from this study that the use of pseudo-potential methods to study atomic properties of solids (the nature of point defects in particular) is very encouraging.
Model analysis for response of dwarf elephantgrass to applied nitrogen and rainfall

In numerous articles, the extended logistic model has been used to describe response of annual and perennial crops to applied nutrients [such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium]. The model accounts for coupling between dry matter and plant nutrient accumulation by way of phase relationships. Factors such as water availability and harvest interval (for perennials) can be easily incorporated. The model is well behaved and is simple to use for estimation purposes. In this article, response of a bunchgrass to applied nitrogen and rainfall is discussed. Field studies in Florida lead to similar parameter values as those in Texas. Linkage of lower and upper limits on plant N concentration is explained.
PIPING PLOVER SURVIVAL IN THE GREAT PLAINS: AN UPDATED ANALYSIS

Population viability analyses for Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus) are highly sensitive to survival estimates, especially those of adults. Thus, the discrepancy between the previous adult survival estimate for the Great Plains Piping Plover population (0.664, SE = 0.057) and estimates from other regions and closely related species prompted us to re-examine banding data for Great Plains plovers. We used published data plus three additional years of band resightings, data from banded juveniles, and a new modeling approach to estimate local annual survival rates of adults and immatures for a breeding site in central North Dakota in 1984–1994. Mean adult survival was 0.737 (SE = 0.092), and the temporal variance was 0.040–0.045. Immature survival was 0.318 (SE = 0.075), but true immature survival is probably higher, mostly due to unknown but likely high dispersal rates. Based on our revised survival estimate for adult Piping Plovers and projections from published plover population models, it is likely that the feasibility of recovering the Great Plains population is greater than previously thought.
The One Who Controls the Information Appropriates Its Rents

We analyze a Principal-Agent model where the Principal can influence the precision of the Agent’s private information by releasing, without observing, additional signals that refine the Agent’s initial private type-estimate. We derive the Principal’s optimal contract, whose terms incorporate an information disclosure policy, and characterize its properties. We show that in the optimal contract, the Principal always releases the information that she controls. Moreover, we show that the Principal is able to implement the same allocation and obtain the same utility as if she could observe the realizations of the additional signals.
Genetic Influences on Pubertal Development and Links to Behavior Problems

Genetic influences on adolescent psychological development are likely to be mediated and moderated by pubertal hormones. Combining genetic analyses with advanced models of pubertal development, we extended work on the measurement and psychological significance of puberty. We examined how genetic and environmental influences on puberty vary by the way that development is described (logistic versus linear models versus traditional methods) and the different aspects of puberty (adrenarche vs. gonadarche), and how genes and environment contribute to the covariation between different descriptions and aspects of puberty, and between pubertal development and behavior problems (substance use, age at sexual initiation). We also considered how puberty moderated the heritability of psychological outcomes (internalizing and externalizing problems), and sex differences. Participants from the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study (403 girls, 395 boys) reported their pubertal development annually from ages 9 through 15; they and their parents reported their behavior in mid-to-late adolescence. There was a large genetic contribution to pubertal timing for both sexes no matter how it was measured, but findings for pubertal tempo varied by method. Genetic covariation accounted for most of the phenotypic correlations among different indicators of pubertal timing, and between pubertal timing and psychological outcome. We consider the implications of our results for understanding how pubertal hormones mediate or moderate genetic and environmental influences on psychological development.
Epitope mapping factor VIII A2 domain by affinity-directed mass spectrometry: residues 497-510 and 584-593 comprise a discontinuous epitope for the monoclonal antibody R8B12.

Summary. The murine monoclonal antibody R8B12 recognizes the C-terminal region (residues 563–740) of the A2 subunit of factor VIIIa [ JB iol Chem266: 1991; p. 20139], as judged by Western blotting. However, the location of the epitope within this region is not known. In the present study, we used affinitydirected mass spectrometry to map the epitope. A2 subunit was digested with trypsin or chymotrypsin and then subjected to immunoprecipitation (IP) using R8B12 IgG. Masses of the affinity-selected peptides were determined directly from the immune complexes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Proteolysis of A2 with the two proteases generated a pre-IP peptide fingerprint that covered 70% of the A2 domain sequence. Analysis of the post-IP tryptic peptide fingerprint showed two masses, 1309 and 1653 Da representing residues 584–593 and 497–510, respectively, determined from a theoretical database search and confirmed by direct sequencing. Results using a chymotryptic digest yielded a single, weakly reactive fragment consistent with residues 577–586, suggesting the importance of residues Ser 584 Tyr 586 in forming the epitope. A synthetic peptide to residues 584–593 was immunoprecipitated by the IgG and blocked R8B12-directed blotting to A2 subunit. The 497–510 and 584– 593 segments were observed to be adjacent and surface exposed in the A2 domain model, and together with the above results suggest that A2 domain residues 497–510 and 584–593 represent a discontinuous epitope for R8B12. Furthermore, based upon blotting specificity, we speculate that residues 584– 593 make a substantially greater contribution to the binding energy for this interaction.
Task context and organization in free recall

Prior work on organization in free recall has focused on the ways in which semantic and temporal information determine the order in which material is retrieved from memory. Tulving’s theory of ecphory suggests that these organizational effects arise from the interaction of a retrieval cue with the contents of memory. Using the continual-distraction free-recall paradigm [Bjork, R. A., & Whitten, W. B. (1974). Recency-sensitive retrieval processes in long-term free recall. Cognitive Psychology, 6, 173–189] to minimize retrieval during the study period, we show that encoding task context can organize recall, suggesting that task-related information is part of the retrieval cue. We interpret these results in terms of the Context Maintenance and Retrieval model (CMR; [Polyn, S. M., Norman, K. A., & Kahana, M. J. (2009). A context maintenance and retrieval model of organizational processes in free recall. Psychological Review, 116 (1), 129–156]), in which an internal contextual representation, containing semantic, temporal, and sourcerelated information, serves as the retrieval cue and organizes the retrieval of information from memory. We discuss these results in terms of the guided activation theory [Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167–202] of the role of prefrontal cortex in task performance, as well as the rich neuropsychological literature implicating prefrontal cortex in memory search (e.g., Schacter (1987). Memory, amnesia, and frontal lobe dysfunction.
Infrared thermal velocimetry in MEMS-based fluidic devices

Most MEMS (microelectromechanical system) devices are made of silicon which is transparent at infrared wavelengths. Utilizing this infrared transparency of silicon, infrared thermal velocimetry was developed to measure the velocity in MEMS based fluidic devices. The method uses an infrared laser to generate a short heating pulse in a flowing liquid. An infrared camera records the radiative images from the heated flowing liquid and the steady flow velocity is obtained from consecutive radiative images. A wide range of the velocity (1 cm/s-1 m/s or higher) in silicon (or other materials that are transparent to infrared radiation) microchannels can be measured. Numerical simulations have been carried out and are in good agreement with the experiments. Parametric studies have been carried out for different channel dimensions and laser characteristics.
Evaluation of a Mobile Voiding Diary for Pediatric Patients with Voiding Dysfunction: A Prospective Comparative Study

Purpose: One potential strategy for improving voiding diary completion rates and data quality is use of a mobile electronic format. We evaluated the acceptability and feasibility of mobile voiding diaries for patients with nonneurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, and compared mobile and paper voiding diaries.Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled children presenting with daytime symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction between July 2012 and April 2013. We enrolled an initial cohort of patients who were provided a paper voiding diary and a subsequent cohort who were provided a mobile voiding diary. We conducted in person interviews and assessed completion rates and quality, comparing paper and mobile voiding diary groups.Results: We enrolled 45 patients who received a paper voiding diary and 38 who received a mobile voiding diary. Completion rates were 78% for paper voiding diaries and 61% for mobile voiding diaries (p = 0.10). Data quality measures for patients completing paper vs mobil...