cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Federal Midwife: Assisting the States in the Birth of a National Greenhouse-Gas Cap-and-Trade Program

All three branches of the federal government have ratcheted up activity in the past year to fight global warming - the anthropogenic overheating of the Earth's biosphere through emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). How this new federal liveliness will interact with the multitudinous local, state, and regional laws and policies already enacted is largely unknown, but will be the subject of increasingly more regulatory development and the inevitably resultant litigation. This Note will look at the evolving role of the major state initiatives such as the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) in the New England states should a comprehensive federal scheme such as the Lieberman-Warner cap-and-trade proposal be enacted. To set the regulatory and political context, Part I looks at what the three branches of the federal government have been doing most recently in the realm of global warming, and in particular the Judiciary. The three recent cases that will be discussed, which arose under the Clean Air Act, the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, and California's GHG auto-emissions regulation provide important insights into the preemption and conflict-of-laws issues that are likely to arise with federal climate change legislation. Part II provides an overview of the major state emissions trading initiatives, particularly RGGI, with an eye to these programs' preparation for harmonization to a federal system. Next, Part II looks at preemption, savings clause, and other provisions touching on state roles in the comprehensive climate change bills currently before Congress - with particular emphasis on the Lieberman-Warner bill, S.2191. Part III will analyze the legal issues raised by major state climate change programs existing within a comprehensive federal system, whether and to what extent states have a continuing role to play in climate change law, and what models for linkage of cap-and-trade markets are most appropriate for a subnational program like RGGI.
Abstract 2159: Ikaros and Casein kinase II (CK2) regulate PI3K pathway in pediatric leukemia

Ikaros (IKZF1) is a tumor suppressor whose function is impaired in high-risk pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). IKZF1 encodes a DNA-binding, zinc finger protein that regulates expression of genes involved in important biological pathways. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-SEQ) we found that Ikaros binds to the upstream regulatory regions of multiple genes that regulate the phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) pathway. Ikaros target genes include PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE. We used gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments to determine how Ikaros regulates transcription of its target genes. Overexpression of Ikaros by retroviral transduction in Nalm6 leukemia cells results in reduced transcription of PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE as evidenced by qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assays with PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE promoters showed that Ikaros can function as a transcriptional repressor of these genes. Transfection of Nalm6 cells with Ikaros shRNA resulted in increased expression of PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE genes. These results suggest that Ikaros functions as a transcriptional repressor of PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE genes in leukemia. Next, we studied signaling pathways that regulate the ability of Ikaros to transcriptionally repress the PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE genes. We have previously shown that a pro-oncogenic Casein Kinase II (CK2) can directly phosphorylate Ikaros in vivo and that CK2-mediated phosphorylation impairs Ikaros function. We tested whether inhibition of CK2 activity affects Ikaros ability to regulate PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE transcription in leukemia. Results show that molecular and pharmacological inhibition of CK2 have a very similar effect on transcription of Ikaros target genes and they result in transcriptional repression of both PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE genes. Treatment of leukemia cell lines, as well as primary B-ALL cells, with different CK2 inhibitors resulted in enhanced Ikaros binding to its target genes, as evidenced by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP). In summary, the presented data provide evidence that Ikaros and CK2 regulate the PI3K pathway via transcriptional regulation of the PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE genes. Our results demonstrate that CK2 inhibition enhances Ikaros activity as a transcriptional repressor of genes that promote the PI3K pathway in primary B-ALL cells, and identify CK2 inhibitors as candidate drugs to therapeutically restore Ikaros function in B-ALL. Supported by the National Institutes of Health R01 HL095120, and the Four Diamonds Fund Endowment. Citation Format: Chandrika Gowda, Chunhua Song, Yali Ding, Sunil Muthusami, Xiaokang Pan, Dhimant Desai, Shantu G. Amin, Kimberly J. Payne, Sinisa Dovat. Ikaros and Casein kinase II (CK2) regulate PI3K pathway in pediatric leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2159
Merit, Mimesis, and Martyrdom: Aspects of Shi'ite Meta-historical Exegesis on Abraham's Sacrifice in Light of Jewish, Christian, and Sunni Muslim Tradition

L'A. propose sur le monde comparatif, une analyse des liaisons des traditions juive, chretienne et sunnite avec le sacrifice d'Abraham tel qu'il se presente dans la tradition musulmane shiite. Les differences d'appreciation de ce sacrifice proviennent de la contextualisation du role du narrateur, de la relation et du dialogue entre le pere et le fils, du role divin, des reponses humaines aux commandements divins, de la benediction, de la reconciliation, etc. Les differentes exegeses font egalement intervenir les relations theologiques, historiques et polemiques entre judaisme, christianisme et islam
High Mobility GaN films Produced by ECR-Assisted MBE

High electron mobility autodoped GaN films were produced by the ECR assisted MBE method. The net electron concentration was varied systematically from 2 x 1019 to 2 x 1017cm-3 by controlling the active nitrogen overpressure. Correspondingly, the electron mobility increased from 20 to 210 cm2V-1sec-1. The line through the experimental data also predicts the electron mobilities of GaN films produced by the CVD methods.
Comparison of formulations of applied tasks with intervals, fuzzy sets and probability approaches

The focus of this paper is to clarify the concepts of solutions of linear equations in interval, probabilistic, and fuzzy sets setting for real world tasks. There is a fundamental difference between formal definitions of the solutions and physically meaningful concepts of solution in applied tasks, when equations have uncertain components. For instance, a formal definition of the solution in terms of Moore interval analysis can be completely irrelevant for solving a real world task. We show that formal definitions must follow a meaningful concept of the solution in the real world. The paper proposed several formalized definitions of the concept of solution for the linear equations with uncertain components in the interval, probability and fuzzy set terms that can be interpreted in the real world tasks.
The Films of Jean-Luc Godard: Video and Television

And if cinema today still works on television, it's because television itself has no love. …On television you can find power in its pure state, and the only things that people like seeing on TV at all are sports and cinema films, and that is because they seek love…. –Jean-Luc Godard, 1983 Godard's interest in video, including mass-market television and offbeat “video art” formats, did not grow into a strong preoccupation until the middle of the 1970s. This makes him something of a latecomer to the field, since alternative or “guerrilla” television had already picked up a good deal of steam among American artists and activists. It goes without saying that his tardiness was not caused by timidity or conservatism. The main thing at issue was his longstanding loyalty to the apparatus of motion pictures: the professional 35mm equipment he had worked with during most of his career, and the flexible 16mm format (carrying many of the benefits associated with portable TV equipment) used for many of the Dziga-Vertov Group films. His first production using video as a major tool was Numero deux in 1975. This was a full five years after the American video underground had started its efforts to satirize, subvert, and ultimately replace the establishment-bound institutions of commercial TV, inspired by the countercultural mood of the 1960s in general, and the writings of fashionable theorists like Marshall McLuhan and Buckminster Fuller in particular.
Phylogenetic Identification of Uncultivated Microorganisms in Natural Habitats

The development of oligodeoxynucleotide probes for rapid microbial identification generally requires laboratory cultivation of the organism to be detected so that gene sequences can be determined. However, microbiologists generally agree that at most 0.1 to 10% of microscopically observed organisms in nature can be grown axenically in the laboratory (see Atlas and Bartha 1981). The inability to culture a majority of microorganisms undoubtedly has precluded the discovery of many novel organisms, including medically important ones. Moreover, even if a pure culture is established, the question often remains as to whether the organism in culture is relevant to the study, or simply is the most readily cultivated.
Determining the cost impact of SCM system errors

Software Configuration Management (SCM) auditing is the fourth of four sub processes recommended by the IEEE and the ACM in this area. This research is the continuation of ongoing experiments in the use of heuristics for predicting fault rates in systems that support SCM. This paper allocates financial indicators to the business model for a hypothetical Telecommunications company and predicts the potential financial error impact due to Configuration Management errors in the SCM system. This paper focuses on sampling first Use Cases in order to determine the error rates by Operating Profile and then using that knowledge in drawing samples of Test Cases. The 5,388 Test Cases were generated from sources available in open forums and they were injected with 4% of faults; 2.1% carried from Use Cases and 2% added. A total sampling of 492 items was conducted and was able to approximate the financial error rate in 6,006 items at an acceptable level with a 92% reduction in effort. The two stage sampling technique performed better than straight random sampling. When applied to the contribution from each Test Case, random sampling produced above a 6.87% error in the value chain estimate while two stage sampling produced under a 2.72% error in the same estimate.
Biological Therapies of Immunologic Diseases: Strategies for Immunologic Interventions

The immune system possesses a vast number of potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Although therapies for many pathways have been pursued, only few have yielded significant success. Hindrances in altering biologic pathways include the potential for unwanted downstream effects, ineffectiveness owing to biological redundancy, recognition of a therapeutic molecule as foreign by the body's innate immune system, and the risks of subsequent malignancy and/or autoimmunity. This article covers currently available biotherapeutic agent classes as well as potential direction for future therapy.
US Consumers’ Environmentally Sustainable Apparel Purchase Intention: Investigating the Role of Social Influence of Peers to Use Social Networking Sites Applied to the Theory of Reasoned Action (An Abstract)

This study poses to enhance understanding of how to increase the probability of purchase intention for environmentally sustainable apparel (ESA) through the science of technology usage. An objective of this study is to explore social networking sites as a potential mechanism for increasing knowledge of and attitudes toward ESA. The study considers social networking sites (SNS) a feasible variable regarding this issue because they not only rapidly communicate to consumers but SNS also convey the attitudes and opinions of users’ online referent groups. Pookulangara and Koesler (2011) call for the incorporation of social media into marketing mixes, and if companies and brands do not do that, then they are practicing poor customer service. The social networking sites focused on in this research are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest. Azjen and Fishbein (1980) Theory of Reasoned Action was the driving theory behind this study.
International tourism’s impact on regional autonomy: Evidence from 2004 EU accession countries

The relationship between increased tourism and increasing regional autonomy is quite nuanced and understudied. This article hypothesizes that only an increase in both regional air traffic and international tourism will impact the level of regional autonomy. Using the period after 10 countries were admitted to the European Union in 2004 as an example of a dramatic tourism increase, the article finds that countries with increased tourism, but without regional airports, did not experience a sudden increase in their regional autonomy. In Poland, however, the large number of growing regional airports and increased tourism did provoke regions to argue with the central government for more regional autonomy. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how international interventions impact regional decentralization preferences.
‘We do ecology, not sociology’: interactions among bureaucrats and the undermining of regulatory agencies’ environmental justice efforts

Environmental justice (EJ) scholars have argued that agencies’ EJ efforts have done little to accomplish core goals of the EJ movement: democratizing decision-making and reducing environmental ineq...
On the Normalization of Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relationships

Results of stellar evolution calculations and results of non-adiabatic stellar pulsation calculations can be used to construct theoretical, composition-dependent short-period boundaries (or “blue edges”) of the instability strip in the period-luminosity plane for Cepheids pulsating in the fundamental and first overtone radial modes. The slopes of these blue edges are very similar to the slopes of the blue edges of instability strips defined by observed Cepheids in external galaxies. By insisting that the theoretical and observed blue edges coincide for any chosen galaxy, one may estimate the distance to that galaxy. The result is very similar to a distance estimated with the help of an empirical period-magnitude relationship normalized by main-sequence fitting. In addition, masses of Cepheids obtained using the periods, surface temperatures, and luminosities (consistent with the derived distance modulus) in a relationship between these quantities derived by pulsation theory defines a semiempirical mass-luminosity relationship which is consistent with the one defined by the theoretical evolution calculations which have been used to construct the theoretical blue edges. Even so, given existing uncertainties in the theoretical evolutionary models, there is no guarantee that the distance moduli and the mass-luminosity relationships derived in this way are correct. However, most remarkably, a forced change in the adopted distance to a group of extragalactic Cepheids does not destroy the coincidence between theoretical blue edges and blue edges defined by the observed Cepheids. When, with the help of pulsation theory, the revised mass-luminosity relationship defined by the observed Cepheids (at the new distance) is inserted into the equation for the theoretical blue edge, this edge moves in such a way as to remain in contact with the blue edge defined by the Cepheids at the new distance. This means that results of calculations using pulsation theory are consistent with the observations, whatever the distance modulus.
Hair Mercury and Fish Consumption in Residents of O'ahu, Hawai'i

Recent studies have established that men are susceptible to cardiotoxicity from methylmercury exposure, which also poses risks to the pregnant woman. Hair samples were obtained and questionnaires for methylmercury exposure assessment were administered to 110 adults (57 men, 53 women) throughout O‘ahu, Hawai‘i during December 2010 to January 2011. Hair samples were analyzed for total mercury with a direct mercury analyzer. Men ≥ 46 years had a median of 2.0 µg/g, which was above the reference dose of 1 µg/g, as compared to younger men with a median 1.0 µg/g (P 1.0. This indicates that both men and women were at risk for excessive methylmercury exposure. In the final regression model, male gender, age > 45 years, length of residency > 10 years in Hawai‘i, and fish consumption frequency > 1 meal per week were significant factors in increased hair mercury levels. Following safe fish consumption practices allows residents to reap health benefits of fish consumption without excessive toxicant exposure.
The U.S. Supreme Court Limits Federal Regulation of Wetlands: Implications of the SWANCC Decision

In January, 2001, the U.S. Supreme Court limited federal authority to regulate "isolated" wetlands that serve as habitat for migratory birds or endangered species. The Court determined that the Clean Water Act's protection of wetlands only extends to "navigable waters," their tributaries, and wetlands adjacent to each. As with many of the Court's 5-4 decisions, the ruling is enigmatic. It may produce a drastic reduction in federal regulation of vernal pools, desert springs, interior drainage streams, and other wetlands of importance in California. It may also mean the end of federal regulation of water pollution in these water bodies. Or, the ruling could have a practical effect rather less than that. Clearly, the Supreme Court believes that regulation of wetlands beyond navigable waterways is the province of state and local governments. As of yet, the Army Corps of Engineers has not issued guidance on how that agency will interpret the SWANCC decision. The SWANCC decision presents California with the opportunity to assess the ecological and economic benefits of the state's remaining "isolated" wetlands, the costs of protecting them, and to determine whether the state should take the lead in their regulation. This paper reviews federal regulation of wetlands and the Supreme Court's decision. It attempts to identify the wetlands in California that now lie outside of federal regulation, and reviews existing state laws and regulatory programs that might cover the affected wetlands. It concludes with several policy options, ranging from minor "fixes" to plug the gap in federal-state regulation to creating a statewide wetlands conservancy.
A Re-Examination of Research on the Language of Black Children: The Need for a New Framework*:

A review of the literature on the language of working-class Black children revealed that only a small subset of this research has focused on the acquisition and development of linguistic knowledge. Consequently major gaps exist in what is known about the linguistic abilities of these children. In an attempt to narrow these gaps, a team of researchers has initiated a large scale longitudinal and cross-sectional study of the acquisition of language by working-class Black children at the Center for Applied Linguistics in Washington, D. C. This paper will present a detailed description of the Center study. It will also critically evaluate existing research on the linguistic abilities of working-class Black children and its impact on language acquisition studies focusing on this population. The evaluation reveals that a new framework for analyzing the language of working-class Black children should be selected. The theory and methodology of the new framework are described.
Quantitative Structure-Activity Studies of Di-and Triorganotin Compounds

Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) were developed for a structurally diverse set of di- and triorganotin compounds. Correlations of the LC50 for mud crab zoeae, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, with the Hansch π parameter, with the Leo fragment constant, ∑FR, or with total surface area, TSA, a computed molecular topological value, yielded highly significant linear relationships. All the above parameters are indices of partitioning behaviour. Attempts to show a correlation of LC50 with σ Φ, in a parameter accounting for electronic and steric contributions, produced no significant relationship whatsoever. It is suggested that partitioning behaviour plays a dominant role in organotin toxicity by controlling the dose. On a molar tin basis, the dose for a given level of toxicity is probably quite similar for di- and triorganotins tested. The relationship between exposure concentration and toxicity increases linearly only to a certain point before declining. Triorganotin compounds approximately the size (total surface area) of tricyclohexyltin are at or perhaps slightly above such a maximum. These studies of di- and triorganotin compounds suggest that such approaches are highly promising tools for the prediction of environmental effects of untested organotins, and perhaps other organometallic compounds.
The effects of a horizontal magnetic field on the Rayleigh–Taylor instability

Abstract The stability of a thin conductive liquid film flowing along a solid wall is an important problem that occurs in many proposed fusion device designs. In this paper we investigate the linear stability of an electrically conductive liquid film of finite thickness in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Inviscid flows of finite and infinite electric conductivity are considered. The magnetic field is found to decrease the unstable growth rate for both finite and infinite conductivity fluids but only narrows the unstable modes for infinite conductivity fluids. Our theory serves as an extension to the classical theory by Chandrasekhar (1961) [1] by considering the finite-thickness and finite-conductivity effects.
Performance evaluation of deep neural ensembles toward malaria parasite detection in thin-blood smear images

Background Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that infect the red blood cells (RBCs). Manual identification and counting of parasitized cells in microscopic thick/thin-film blood examination remains the common, but burdensome method for disease diagnosis. Its diagnostic accuracy is adversely impacted by inter/intra-observer variability, particularly in large-scale screening under resource-constrained settings. Introduction State-of-the-art computer-aided diagnostic tools based on data-driven deep learning algorithms like convolutional neural network (CNN) has become the architecture of choice for image recognition tasks. However, CNNs suffer from high variance and may overfit due to their sensitivity to training data fluctuations. Objective The primary aim of this study is to reduce model variance, improve robustness and generalization through constructing model ensembles toward detecting parasitized cells in thin-blood smear images. Methods We evaluate the performance of custom and pretrained CNNs and construct an optimal model ensemble toward the challenge of classifying parasitized and normal cells in thin-blood smear images. Cross-validation studies are performed at the patient level to ensure preventing data leakage into the validation and reduce generalization errors. The models are evaluated in terms of the following performance metrics: (a) Accuracy; (b) Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC); (c) Mean squared error (MSE); (d) Precision; (e) F-score; and (f) Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC). Results It is observed that the ensemble model constructed with VGG-19 and SqueezeNet outperformed the state-of-the-art in several performance metrics toward classifying the parasitized and uninfected cells to aid in improved disease screening. Conclusions Ensemble learning reduces the model variance by optimally combining the predictions of multiple models and decreases the sensitivity to the specifics of training data and selection of training algorithms. The performance of the model ensemble simulates real-world conditions with reduced variance, overfitting and leads to improved generalization.
Regulation of Glucose Production in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes

Increased glucose production associated with hepatic insulin resistance contributes to the development of hyperglycemia in T2D. The molecular mechanisms accounting for increased glucose production remain controversial. Our aims were to review recent literature concerning molecular mechanisms regulating glucose production and to discuss these mechanisms in the context of physiological experiments and observations in humans and large animal models. Genetic intervention studies in rodents demonstrate that insulin can control hepatic glucose production through both direct effects on the liver, and through indirect effects to inhibit adipose tissue lipolysis and limit gluconeogenic substrate delivery. However, recent experiments in canine models indicate that the direct effects of insulin on the liver are dominant over the indirect effects to regulate glucose production. Recent molecular studies have also identified insulin-independent mechanisms by which hepatocytes sense intrahepatic carbohydrate levels to regulate carbohydrate disposal. Dysregulation of hepatic carbohydrate sensing systems may participate in increased glucose production in the development of diabetes.
Ultrasound-Guided Calcium Debridement of the Shoulder Joint: A Case Series.

Objective Our purpose was to assess the outcomes of those who underwent an ultrasound-guided debridement of the deposits. Specifically, we analyzed: (1) function; (2) pain; (3) activity level; (4) patient satisfaction; and (5) complications. Materials and methods A review of patients who underwent an ultrasound-guided debridement of calcific deposits about their shoulder joint between 2005 and 2015 was performed. Our final cohort consisted of 38 patients with a mean age of 53 years (range, 35 to 62 years)-11 men and 27 women-and a mean follow up of 32 months (range, 12 to 53 months). Functional outcomes, activity level, and pain level were assessed using the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scale, the University of Southern California (UCLA) activity scale, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Additionally, patients were asked if they were satisfied with the outcomes of their procedure. All medical records were assessed for potential complications from this procedure. Results Excellent outcomes were achieved. The mean DASH score improved from 21 to 10 points (p=0.0001). Additionally, mean UCLA score increased from 2 to 7 points (p=0.0001). Furthermore, the mean reported VAS improved from 8 to 1.6 (p=0.0001). Ninety-seven percent of patients reported being satisfied. There were no reported complications in our cohort. Conclusion We found that this procedure can result in effective pain relief and prevent or delay the need for more invasive procedures. Future studies should evaluate the role of calcium deposit size in the outcomes of those who undergo debridement.
Toward Magnetosomes for Breast Cancer Theranostics

This study investigated the potential use of biogenic magnetosomes as a contrast agent for breast cancer detection using microwave imaging techniques. We propose a functionalized contrast agent which is capable of decreasing the permittivity and increasing the electrical conductivity of the breast tumor based on the magnetosome concentration. Our results show that biogenic magnetosomes can increase relative permittivity contrast between 9–25% in the microwave frequency range from 1–10 GHz.
Identification of process-induced residual stresses in 3D woven carbon/epoxy composites by combination of FEA and blind hole drilling

Abstract Process-induced residual stresses in 3D woven carbon-epoxy composites are studied by blind hole drilling experiments interpreted with finite element (FE) modeling. It is assumed that residual stresses are primarily caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the constituents which are modelled as temperature-dependent linear elastic solids. The impact of residual stresses is quantified by drilling blind holes in the composite panels and mapping the resulting in-plane surface displacements by electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Mesoscale finite element models are used to correlate these surface displacements with the volumetric distribution of the residual stresses in the composite. This is done by determining the effective temperature drop ΔTeff that results in the same predictions for the surface displacements as experimentally measured. The effective temperature drop approach allows to use linear elastic models while approximately accounting for various nonlinear effects occurring in the material during processing. The models are also used to establish the sensitivity of the predicted results to the exact location of a hole and its depth.
Tracking learning engagement at the student level

This Research Category, Work-in-Progress paper describes a method to measure learning engagement at the student level. As more instructors shift their teaching method from purely lecturing to more evidence-based teaching, methods to measure the level of students’ learning engagement are necessary for both research and practice purposes. While such tools already exist, the method described here differs in three important ways. First, it collects data from the students’ viewpoint, as opposed to measuring what the instructor does. Second, it allows for measuring learning during out-of-class times. Finally, the tool tracks learning engagement from individual students as opposed to an aggregate measure across a class.
Photodetachment spectroscopy and resonant photoelectron imaging of cryogenically cooled 1-pyrenolate.

We report an investigation of the 1-pyrenolate anion (PyO−) and the 1-pyrenoxy radical (PyO) using photodetachment spectroscopy and resonant photoelectron imaging of cryogenically cooled anions. The electron affinity of PyO is measured to be 2.4772(4) eV (19 980 ± 3 cm−1) from high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. Photodetachment spectroscopy reveals a dipole-bound state (DBS) for PyO− 280 cm−1 below the detachment threshold as well as a broad and intense valence excited state (shape resonance) 1077 cm−1 above the detachment threshold. The shape resonance with an excitation energy of 21 055 cm−1 is due to excitation of an electron from the highest occupied molecular orbital of PyO− to its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in the continuum. Twenty-nine vibrational levels of the DBS are observed, including 27 above-threshold vibrational levels (vibrational Feshbach resonances). Twenty-seven resonant photoelectron spectra are obtained by tuning the detachment laser to the vibrational Feshbach resonances, resulting in highly non-Franck–Condon photoelectron spectra and rich vibrational information. In total, the frequencies of 21 vibrational modes are obtained for the PyO radical by the combination of the photodetachment and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy, including 13 out-of-plane bending modes.
Measuring Quality of Epilepsy Care: The AAN Quality Measures.

Abstract Background and ProceduresQuality measures are tools that can help measure healthcare steps, outcomes, patient reported outcomes, and structures of organizations. Quality measures are not guidelines. Quality measures implement guidelines and medical evidence when a gap in care exists. The American Academy of Neurology has developed several quality measure sets in various field within neurology. In 2009, the first epilepsy quality measure set was developed which was recently updated. FindingsThese measures were developed with a rigorous process using multiple workgroup members. They represent multiple areas in epilepsy care and contain the first outcome measure published in epilepsy. Conclusion Work on implementing these measures into practice has been performed with more information needed to determine if further refinement of these measures are necessary.
Ethical Bearing Is About Our Conduct: Ethics as an Essential Component of Military Interprofessional Healthcare Teams.

Introduction The need to maintain medical ethical standards during conflict and peace has been the source of considerable academic discourse. Although still an unsolved challenge, scholars have made significant contributions to the literature, constructing categorizations that can help military providers contend with ethical conflicts. However, insights into the ethical comportment of military interprofessional healthcare teams (MIHTs) have yet to be reported. Materials and methods This interview-based study collected insights from 30 military healthcare providers who participated in and/or led MIHTs. Altogether, participants represented 11 health professions, both officers and enlisted military members, and the U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force. Following Grounded Theory methodology, data were collected and analyzed in iterative cycles until theme saturation was reached. Results The research team identified two themes of ethical bearing that enable MIHT success in and across care contexts. One theme of successful ethical bearing is "raising concerns," referring to speaking up when something needs to be addressed. The other is "making compromises," where individuals have to make sacrifices (e.g., lack of equipment, non-sterile environment, etc.) to give patient care. Conclusions These data suggest that effective MIHTs have a collective moral compass. This moral compass is the team's ability to judge what is ethically right and wrong, as well as the team's willingness and ability to act accordingly-to consistently "do the right thing." There is a collective moral compass, and while the team may not all agree on what exactly is true north-they are all bending that way.
Nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma in a patient with hidradenitis suppurativa: A case report

Abstract Background Nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare but deadly form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that initially presents with local symptoms including erythema, swelling, and epistaxis. Due to misdiagnosis and improper treatment with antibiotics, this tumor will frequently expand to involve nearby facial bones and the oropharynx, with characteristic erosion of the hard palate. Even with treatment, mortality rates are high. We present a case of Nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma in a patient whose disease was initially attributed to his pre-diagnosed hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Case description A 38-year old male presented with several weeks of progressive nasal swelling and redness, which he initially attributed to his pre-existing HS and self-treated with antibiotics. The patient was subsequently prescribed several courses of increasingly broad-spectrum antibiotics without improvement in his symptoms. Alternative non-infectious diagnoses were only given strong consideration once the tumor had grown to involve nearby structures including the maxilla, nasal sinuses, and oropharynx with characteristic erosion of the hard palate. Conclusions Nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma is a rare and frequently misdiagnosed disease that can cause progressive morbidity and death if not properly treated. A broad differential should be maintained when evaluating prolonged nasal inflammation without systemic signs of infection, particularly when symptoms do not improve with antibiotic therapy.
Clean air slots amid atmospheric pollution

Layering in the Earth's atmosphere is most commonly seen where parts of the atmosphere resist the incursion of air parcels from above and below - for example, when there is an increase in temperature with height over a particular altitude range. Pollutants tend to accumulate underneath the resulting stable layers. which is why visibility often increases markedly above certain altitudes. Here we describe the occurrence of an opposite effect, in which stable layers generate a layer of remarkably clean air (we refer to these layers as clean-air 'slots') sandwiched between layers of polluted air. We have observed clean-air slots in various locations around the world, but they are particularly well defined and prevalent in southern Africa during the dry season August-September). This is because at this time in this region, stable layers are common and pollution from biomass burning is widespread.
Rupture dynamics and ground motion from 3-D rough-fault simulations

[1] We perform three-dimensional (3-D) numerical calculations of dynamic rupture along non-planar faults to study the effects of fault roughness on rupture propagation and resultant ground motion. The fault roughness model follows a self-similar fractal distribution over length scales spanning three orders of magnitude, from ~102 to ~105 m. The fault is governed by a strongly rate-weakening friction, and the bulk material is subject to Drucker-Prager viscoplasticity. Fault roughness promotes the development of self-healing rupture pulses and a heterogeneous distribution of fault slip at the free surface and at depth. The inelastic deformation, generated by the large dynamic stress near rupture fronts, occurs in a narrow volume around the fault with heterogeneous thickness correlated to local roughness slopes. Inelastic deformation near the free surface, however, is induced by the stress waves originated from dynamic rupture at depth and spreads to large distances (>10 km) away from the fault. The present simulations model seismic wave excitation up to ~10 Hz with rupture lengths of ~100 km, permitting comparisons with empirical studies of ground-motion intensity measures of engineering interest. Characteristics of site-averaged synthetic response spectra, including the distance and period dependence of the median values, absolute level, and intra-event standard deviation, are comparable to appropriate empirical estimates throughout the period range 0.1–3.0 s. This class of model may provide a viable representation of the ground-motion excitation process over a wide frequency range in a large spatial domain, with potential applications to the numerical prediction of source- and path-specific effects on earthquake ground motion.
Uprooting Diversity? Peasant Farmers’ Market Engagements and the on-Farm Conservation of Crop Genetic Resources in the Guatemalan Highlands

The long-term security of the global food supply is contingent upon the on-farm conservation of crop genetic diversity. Without it, food crops lack the ability to evolve in the face of new pests, emerging plant diseases, and changing environmental conditions. The genetic diversity of many of humankind’s major food crops is cultivated in the field, primarily by peasant farmers of the global south. As the widening of global markets affects the lives of these farmers in new ways, the future provisioning of crop genetic resources and, ultimately, the security of the global food supply is in doubt. The author investigates how the participation of Guatemalan peasants in the market economy is related to the on-farm conservation of crop genetic diversity in three crops: maize, legumes, and squash. Participation in markets is not inherently detrimental to the provisioning of crop genetic resources but, without the proper protections in place, market participation may unleash processes that contribute to genetic erosion over time. The author concludes by sketching seven policy prescriptions that would encourage the on-farm conservation of crop genetic diversity in a way that is consistent with peasant farmers’ development objectives.
I Watch My Husband in the Rocheport Flood

that this might be the heaven of community the isolato's dreamed of all his life, called into being by emergency, temporary and therefore free of politics, religion, indigenous beliefs, though some can surely hear the river speak and interpret for the barriered rest. The working quiet's what I notice best until the nurses in their gros pirogues arrive like Cleopatras to such applause as men can muster in their sodden gloves and push forward arms for alcohol swabs and tetanus shots before resuming their defense on the not-yet-ruined porches in the gathering dusk, the filthy water above their knees, the Red Cross moving off downstream.
Ensemble Mean Storm-Scale Performance in the Presence of Nonlinearity

AbstractThe use of ensembles in numerical weather prediction models is becoming an increasingly effective method of forecasting. Many studies have shown that using the mean of an ensemble as a deterministic solution produces the most accurate forecasts. However, the mean will eventually lose its usefulness as a deterministic forecast in the presence of nonlinearity. At synoptic scales, this appears to occur between 12- and 24-h forecast time, and on storm scales it may occur significantly faster due to stronger nonlinearity. When this does occur, the question then becomes the following: Should the mean still be adhered to, or would a different approach produce better results? This paper will investigate the usefulness of the mean within a WRF Model utilizing an ensemble Kalman filter for severe convective events.To determine when the mean becomes unrealistic, the divergence of the mean of the ensemble (“mean”) and a deterministic forecast initialized from a set of mean initial conditions (“control”) are e...
Comparative Inductive Responses of Two β-Galactosidases of Neurospora

The activities of the two β-galactosidases of Neurospora increased in response to the presence of lactose or galactose. d-Xylose preferentially induced higher levels of activity in one of these enzymes. The initial period of the inductive response was examined in cultures transferred from noninducing to inducing media. Variations in the ratio of activities of these enzymes during this induction period indicate that their induction was not coordinate. The induction of the β-galactosidases of Neurospora was less sensitive to low concentrations of inducers than was the induction of the β-galactosidase of bacteria; the time lag of induction was greater in the eucaryotic organism, and the maximal induction of active enzyme was less than that observed in bacteria.
EVANS FUNCTIONS AND BIFURCATIONS OF STANDING WAVE SOLUTIONS IN DELAYED SYNAPTICALLY COUPLED NEURONAL NETWORKS

Consider the following nonlinear singularly perturbed system of integral differential equations &\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+f(u)+w\\ =&(\alpha-au)\int^{\infty}_0\xi(c)\left[\int_{\mathbb R}K(x-y) H\left(u\left(y,t-\frac1c|x-y|\right)-\theta\right){\rm d}y\right]{\rm d}c\\ &+(\beta-bu)\int^{\infty}_0\eta(\tau)\left[\int_{\mathbb R}W(x-y)H\big(u(y,t-\tau)-\Theta\big){\rm d}y\right]{\rm d}\tau,\\ &\frac{\partial w}{\partial t}=\varepsilon[g(u)-w], and the scalar integral differential equation &\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}+f(u)\\ =&(\alpha-a u)\int^{\infty}_0\xi(c)\left[\int_{\mathbb R}K(x-y) H\left(u\left(y,t-\frac1c|x-y|\right)-\theta\right){\rm d}y\right]{\rm d}c\\ &+(\beta-bu)\int^{\infty}_0\eta(\tau)\left[\int_{\mathbb R}W(x-y)H\big(u(y,t-\tau)-\Theta\big){\rm d}y\right]{\rm d}\tau. There exist standing wave solutions to the nonlinear system. Similarly, there exist standing wave solutions to the scalar equation. The author constructs Evans functions to establish stability of the standing wave solutions of the scalar equation and to establish bifurcations of the standing wave solutions of the nonlinear system.
Effects of gastric distension on intraabdominal pressures in horses.

Objective To determine the effect of gastric distension on intraabdominal pressures (IAP) measured directly from the intraperitoneal space. Design Prospective, experimental study. Setting A university-based equine research facility. Animals Ten healthy adult horses, 5 males and 5 females. Interventions Intraabdominal pressures were measured through an intraperitoneal cannula zeroed at a height midway between the height of the tuber ishii and point of the shoulder at 6 time points: at rest, after placement of a nasogastric tube, and after instillation of each 5 L increment up to a total of 20 L of water. Simultaneously, mean arterial pressures (MAP) were obtained using a tail cuff, and abdominal perfusion pressures (APP) were calculated using the measured IAP minus the measured MAP. Measurements and Main Results Baseline direct IAP measurements were subatmospheric (–4.5 ± 3.0 cm H2O). IAPs were not significantly affected by placement of a nasogastric tube (–2.69, 95% CI [–3.24, –2.14], P = 0.4195), but were significantly increased after placement of 5 L (–1.73, 95% CI [–2.28, –1.18], P = 0.0015), 10 L (–0.54, 95% CI [–1.09,0.01], P = 0.0001), 15 L (0.89, 95% CI [0.34, 1.44], P = 0.0001), or 20 L (3.08, 95% CI [2.53, 3.63], P = 0.0001) of water into the stomach. APPs were not significantly different for any volume of fluid infused into the stomach (P = 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusion IAPs were significantly increased when > 5 L of water was infused into the stomach. These results indicate the need for further research in clinical cases to determine the relationship between gastric pressures and the development of intraabdominal hypertension in horses.
Das Mindestrentenalter in der Sozialversicherung von OECD‐Ländern: 1949‐2035

Dieser Aufsatz befasst sich mit dem Mindestrenten- oder fruhest moglichen Ruhestandsalter in der Sozialversicherung von 23 OECD-Landern im Zeitraum von 1949 bis 2035. Die Regelungen fur die kommenden Jahre richten sich nach heute geltendem Recht, wobei einige erst 2035 vollends wirksam werden. Wir konnen einen Trend sinkender Mindest-rentenalter verfolgen, der sich in den neunziger Jahren umkehrte: Ab Beginn jenes Jahrzehnts beschlossen viele Lander eine Anhebung des Mindestrentenalters, die im Allgemeinen jedoch erst spater in Kraft treten sollte. Ein Blick auf den Umgang mit dem Mindestrentenalter liefert Erkenntnisse zu ubergeordneten Themen in der Sozialpolitik, beispielsweise zu der Frage, ob sich die Sozialpolitik unterschiedlicher Lander im Laufe der Zeit angeglichen hat. Die Untersuchung erstreckt sich auch auf die zeitliche Entwicklung der Tendenz zu Geschlechtergleichheit in der Sozialversicherung.
Electronic structure and optical spectra of the semimetal ScAs and of the indirect-band-gap semiconductors ScN and GdN

Local (spin) density functional calculations for ScN and GdN are complemented with estimated quasiparticle corrections and calculations of the optical response to evaluate whether these materials are semimetals as suggested by some transport measurements or semiconductors as suggested by optical measurements. The quasiparticle corrections are estimated by assuming that gap corrections are inversely proportional to the dielectric constant and using experimentally known results on the quasiparticle d-band shift in ${\mathrm{Er}}_{x}{\mathrm{Sc}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}.$ Results for the optical response functions and band structures are presented for ScAs, ScN, and GdN. The conclusion is that whereas ScAs is a semimetal, ScN and GdN are both narrow gap (0.9 and 0.7--0.85 eV, respectively) indirect gap $(\ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{-}X)$ semiconductors, with first direct gap at X at 2.0 and 1.1--1.2 eV, respectively. Due to the strong exchange interaction of $4f$ electrons with the d bands, GdN is predicted to have a magnetic-field-induced redshift of both the indirect and direct absorption edges of about 0.3 eV.