cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clustering and immobilization of acetylcholine receptors by the 43-kD protein: a possible role for dystrophin-related protein.

Recombinant acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) expressed on the surface of cultured fibroblasts become organized into discrete membrane domains when the 43-kD postsynaptic protein (43k) is co-expressed in the same cells (Froehner, S.C., C. W. Luetje, P. B. Scotland, and J. Patrick, 1990. Neuron. 5:403-410; Phillips, W. D., M. C. Kopta, P. Blount, P. D. Gardner, J. H. Steinbach, and J. P. Merlie. 1991. Science (Wash. DC). 251:568-570). Here we show that AChRs present on the fibroblast cell surface prior to transfection of 43k are recruited into 43k-rich membrane domains. Aggregated AChRs show increased resistance to extraction with Triton X-100, suggesting a 43k-dependent linkage to the cytoskeleton. Myotubes of the mouse cell line C2 spontaneously display occasional AChR/43k-rich membrane domains that ranged in diameter up to 15 microns, but expressed many more when 43k was overexpressed following transfection of 43k cDNA. However, the membrane domains induced by recombinant 43k were predominantly small (< or = 2 microns). We were then interested in whether the cytoskeletal component, dystrophin related protein (DRP; Tinsley, J. M., D. J. Blake, A. Roche, U. Fairbrother, J. Riss, B. C. Byth, A. E. Knight, J. Kendrick-Jones, G. K. Suthers, D. R. Love, Y. H. Edwards, and K. E. Davis, 1992. Nature (Lond.). 360:591-593) contributed to the development of AChR clusters. Immunofluorescent anti-DRP staining was present at the earliest stages of AChR clustering at the neuromuscular synapse in mouse embryos and was also concentrated at the large AChR-rich domains on nontransfected C2 myotubes. Surprisingly, anti-DRP staining was concentrated mainly at the large, but not the small AChR clusters on C2 myotubes suggesting that DRP may be principally involved in permitting the growth of AChR clusters.
Replication and recombination functions associated with the yeast plasmid, 2μ circle

By examining both the transformation efficiency of yeast of various plasmids containing defined regions of the 2μ circle genome and the characteristics of the resultant transformants, we have identified several regions of the 2μ circle genome which are involved in 2μ circle replication or recombination. First, by identifying those DNA fragments from the molecule which promote high frequency transformation of yeast, we have localized the origin of replication to a sequence partially within the large unique region, which, as determined by subsequent deletion analysis, extends from the middle of the inverted repeat region into the contiguous unique region. Second, by examining the relative efficiency of replication in yeast of hybrid plasmids containing either the entire 2μ circle genome or a fragment of 2μ circle encompassing the origin of replication, we have determined that efficient use of the 2μ circle origin requires some function or functions encoded in the molecule at a site away from the origin. Third, by examining the ability of a mutant 2μ circle molecule to undergo intramolecular recombination in yeast, we have identified a 2μ circle gene which codes for a product required for this process.
Aspirin or dipyridamole individually prevent lipid accumulation in primate vein bypass grafts.

Abstract Although platelet inhibition with both aspirin and dipyridamole is widely prescribed for patients with coronary artery bypass grafts, data are lacking to prove that combined drug therapy has greater efficacy in preserving graft integrity than either drug given independently. Thus, the ability of combined vs single drug therapy to reduce cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B accumulation were compared in autologous cephalic veins grafted into femoral arteries of 23 stump-tailed macaque monkeys. Ten monkeys were studied in 2 phases. They were treated with aspirin (80 mg/day) during 1 phase and with dipyridamole (50 mg/day) during the other phase. Five monkeys received aspirin plus dipyridamole in combination and 8 received no medication and served as controls. When grafts were removed 3 months after insertion cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B concentrations in grafts were similar for groups treated with aspirin, with dipyridamole, and with the drugs combined, and in each of the treated groups these concentrations were significantly reduced compared with grafts from untreated control monkeys. Cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B concentrations in grafts from the treated groups were similar to concentrations in normal ungrafted veins, whereas cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B levels in grafts from control monkeys were significantly greater than those in ungrafted veins (250% and 925% of normal, respectively). Our findings reaffirm the ameliorative effect of antiplatelet drugs in reducing the accumulation of lipid in vein bypass grafts and indicate that the efficacy of aspirin or dipyridamole given individually equals that of the combination of these drugs in this subhuman primate model. The relation of the lipid-lowering effect of these agents to their antithrombotic effect is uncertain.
Real time digital simulations augmenting the development of functional reconfiguration of PEBB and universal controller

In this paper, real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation is adopted to augment the development of functional reconfiguration of power electronic building blocks and universal controllers. The simulation environment employs a commercial real-time digital simulator allowing real time simulations of large power systems. Two case studies regarding functional reconfiguration are discussed. The first case is a marine all-electric-ship application to improve system power quality. A novel control algorithm is proposed for an active filter, which is derived from reconfiguring variable speed motor drive. The second case outlines how the HIL simulator is utilized to a static synchronous compensator application where a commercial controller provides firing pulses to a simulated converter and the connected power system. Details of the control scheme, the HIL setup, and test results are given.
Emerging research on methamphetamine.

Purpose of reviewTo describe and review the literature published on methamphetamine in 2003–2004, with a particular focus on patterns of use, its effects on the user and society, and progress being made towards effective treatment strategies.Recent findingsThe methamphetamine epidemic continues to g
Capillary and microchip electrophoresis for rapid detection of known mutations by combining allele-specific DNA amplification with heteroduplex analysis

Background: Detection of mutations by gel electrophoresis and allele-specific amplification by PCR (AS-PCR) is not easily scaled to accommodate a large number of samples. Alternative electrophoretic formats, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) and microchip electrophoresis, may provide powerful platforms for simple, fast, automated, and high-throughput mutation detection after allele-specific amplification. Methods: DNA samples heterozygous for four mutations (185delAG, 5382insC, 3867G→T, and 6174delT) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 , and homozygous for one mutation (5382insC) in BRCA1 and two mutations (16delAA and 822delG) in PTEN were chosen as the model system to evaluate the capillary and microchip electrophoresis methods. To detect each mutation, three primers, of which one was labeled with the fluorescent dye 6-carboxyfluorescein and one was the allele-specific primer (mutation-specific primer), were used to amplify the DNA fragments in the range of 130–320 bp. AS-PCR was combined with heteroduplex (HD) analysis, where the DNA fragments obtained by AS-PCR were analyzed with the conditions developed for CE-based HD analysis (using a fluorocarbon-coated capillary and hydroxyethylcellulose). The CE conditions were transferred into the microchip electrophoresis format. Results: Three genotypes, homozygous wild type, homozygous mutant, and heterozygous mutant, could be identified by CE-based AS-PCR-HD analysis after 10–25 min of analysis time. Using the conditions optimized with CE, we translated the AS-PCR-HD analysis mutation detection method to the microchip electrophoresis format. The detection of three heterozygous mutations (insertion, deletion, and substitution) in BRCA1 could be accomplished in 180 s or less. Conclusions: It is possible to develop a CE-based method that exploits both AS-PCR and HD analysis for detecting specific mutations. Fast separation and the capacity for automated operation create the potential for developing a powerful electrophoresis-based mutation detection system. Fabrication of multichannel microchip platforms may enable mutation detection with high throughput.
Frontiers in Nephrology: The Evolving Therapeutic Applications of Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Cardiovascular-renal diseases are the leading causes of death and disability in the modern world. Moreover, chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial disease are predominant, devastating cardiovascular entities that limit prognosis and greatly impair quality of life in patients despite modern medical treatments. Cardiovascular diseases are also the predominant cause of death in people with renal diseases, underscoring the close relationship between these diseases. Until recently, medical efforts aimed only at prevention and slowing of functional deterioration after organ damage; however, the recent discovery of endogenous repair mechanisms involving hematopoietic stem and other progenitor cells has challenged the long-standing dogma regarding the inability to repair or regenerate terminally differentiated organs. A variety of stem and progenitor cell populations have shown properties that are potentially suited for tissue repair. After encouraging results in preclinical animal models, early clinical studies of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) have begun. Envisioning the goal of true tissue regeneration, application of bone marrow–derived progenitors for heart and limb ischemia has provided early evidence of safety and feasibility. These studies have provided data indicating functional improvement as well. Although there is strong experimental and clinical evidence for a regenerative function of EPC even in renal disease, there has been no clinical application of this approach. After the initial flurry of activity, it is time to reconsider these approaches and attempt to optimize functional improvement and patient safety. This article briefly recapitulates biologic and functional characteristics of EPC before giving a concise overview on current therapeutic EPC applications in the field of cardiovascular-renal medicine with consideration of future challenges.
Projection approach to bearing estimations

Bearing estimations based on the projection approach are discussed. A method is presented which computes a projection matrix by using any M rows of the covariance matrix, where M is the number of radiation sources. This method requires considerably fewer computations than projection techniques using eigenvectors, especially when the number of array elements is much larger than the number of sources. Simulation results are presented also.
Estimating the manufacturing cost of purely organic solar cells

Abstract In this paper we estimate the manufacturing cost of purely organic solar cells. We find a very large range since the technology is still very young. We estimate that the manufacturing cost for purely organic solar cells will range between $50 and $140/m 2 . Under the assumption of 5% efficiency, this leads to a module cost of between $1.00 and $2.83/W p . Under the assumption of a 5-year lifetime, this leads to a levelized cost of electricity (LEC) of between 49¢ and 85¢/kWh. In order to achieve a more competitive COE of about 7¢/kWh, we would need to increase efficiency to 15% and lifetime to between 15–20 years.
Analog MAP decoder for (8, 4) Hamming code in subthreshold CMOS

An all-MOS analog implementation of a MAP decoder is presented for the (8, 4) extended Hamming code. This paper describes the design and analysis of a tail-biting trellis decoder implementation using subthreshold CMOS devices. A VLSI test chip has recently returned from fabrication, and preliminary test results indicate accurate decoding up to 20 MBit/s.
Affective Disorders and Psychosis in Youth

The significance of psychosis has yet to be fully understood and research is complicated because psychosis is often a state rather than trait occurrence. In youth, psychoticlike phenomena are common. Rates of lifetime psychotic symptoms are higher than rates of psychosis during a current episode of mania or depression, at least in youth. Rates vary widely between studies. Hallucinations are also more common than delusions in youth. Psychotic phenomena can be mood congruent or incongruent. A good mental status examination requires close questioning. There are several interviews that structure how questions are asked, and rating scales that help anchor severity.
Filtering the wall as a solution to the wall-modeling problem

In this paper, a possible solution to the long-standing problem of nearwall modeling in Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) is presented. It is observed that in an LES, in which resolution is finite, it is inconsistent to locate the wall with precision. Instead we propose filtering through the wall using homogeneous or nearly homogeneous filters, effectively smearing it. The resulting filtered equations then have an explicit wall term, which is modeled using a novel optimization technique. To test the validity of this approach, simulations were done with optimal LES models for the subgrid stress term which were derived from DNS statistical data, with very good results. The properties of subgrid models that appear to be important for this application are discussed.
Congenital and Acquired Disorders of Macrophages and Histiocytes

Histiocytes are bone marrow–derived cells that protect the body from foreign substances by phagocytosing them and, in some cases, using the engulfed material to stimulate an immune response. Unlike circulating monocytes, histiocytes are found in tissues, although some can migrate to lymph nodes and other sites following stimulation. The histiocytoses, then, are diseases that are characterized by the uncontrolled accumulation of histiocytes with attendant tissue damage. Broadly, they can be divided into three categories based on their cell of origin and their behavior: (1) those whose abnormal cells resemble dendritic cells, including Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Erdheim-Chester disease, and juvenile xanthogranuloma; (2) those whose abnormal cells resemble macrophages, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and Rosai-Dorfman disease; and (3) malignant histiocytoses. This issue of the Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America presents new information on diseases in the first two categories. The very first issue of this series, from 1987, reviewed the state of knowledge about what was then called Histiocytosis X. At that time, the most important advances involved the understanding that a single cell type, one which resembled a mature Langerhans cell, was present in the myriad forms of the disease. Although the disease could now be called LCH, its fundamental nature remained a puzzle. Eleven years later, another issue in this series, edited by Maarten Egeler and Giulio D’Angio, provided an update that was remarkable for integrating the new finding that the cells in LCH are clonal, suggesting that LCH might be a neoplasm. However, a mechanistic understanding of its pathogenesis was still unavailable. The current issue is focused on a series of recent advances that begin to reveal the true nature of LCH and provide some therapeutic targets. In particular:
Engineering Design, Conceptual Design, and Design Theory: A Report

This paper discusses the results of a research project funded by the US National Science Foundation. It is divided into three parts: Part 1. A Review of the Formal Development of Engineering Design. The paper begins by tracing the formal (mathematical) development of engineering design. While there are roots of engineering design which go back at least to the 19th century, it is argued that the real roots of the activity we see today began in the work following World War II driven by the advent of the electronic computer. Parallels are drawn between the developments of formal theories of engineering design and the development of both mathematical programming and artificial intelligence. Part 2. Elements of Design Theory. If design theory is to involve more than just a clever play on works, it is necessary to be quite specific about the kinds of activities to be included in it. It is argued that ambiguity is central to any discussion of conceptual design as is the ongoing work in knowledge representation. At this point, there is a division of activities into a very theoretical branch concerned with how the mind works, formal theories of knowledge,… and a more practical branch (an engineering or even human factors branch) which is not specifically concerned with how people are creative but concerned with providing the best possible environment (computer workstation) for the designer. Part 3. Engineering Design versus Design in the Arts: Case Studies. It is finally argued that conceptual (creative) design in engineering is closely related to other creative design activities such as sculpture. The is done using interviews with a designer of tall buildings, a designer of long span bridges, and a sculptor whose work is rather geometric.
Studies on the Cycloaddition Reaction to Unsaturated Fatty Acid Methyl Esters. I.

Rate constant of Diels-Alder addition reaction of maleic anhydride or dimethyl maleate to methyl trans-9, trans-11-octadecadienoate was determined. From the results of rate measurement, the dienophilic activity of maleic anhydride was observed to be about one thousand times as great as that of methyl acrylate. On the other hand, the dienophilic activity of dimethyl maleate was only about one-third of methyl acrylate. The maleic anhydride adduct (mp 72.473.2°C) recrystallized from n-heptane was confirmed to be the endo configuration by NMR analysis.The addition reaction of dimethyl maleate to the octadecadienoate gave cyclic adducts, and NMR, IR, and MS spectral analyses of the adducts showed that they were a mixture of the endo adduct of dimethyl maleate which had the same configuration as that of methyl ester derived from the maleic anhydride adduct and, presumably, the adduct of dimethyl fumarate, which would be formed by thermal isomerization of dimethyl maleate during the addition reaction.
Banking and Bank Legislation in California, 1890–1915

While events of major significance for banking occurred on the national scene in the populist and progressive years, noteworthy changes also materialized on the state level. Like their brethren elsewhere in the country, California bankers struggled through their organizations with such problems as how to achieve “sound banking,” how to influence the political process in their state, and how to give banking more of the trappings of professionalism.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ON LITTORAL DRIFT IN FIELD AND LABORATORY

The Coastal Engineering Laboratory of the University of Florida is at present carrying out a combined field and laboratory research program to gain quantitative information on littoral drift longshore as well as perpendicular to the shore. The laboratory utilizes modern tracing technique by luminophores including a scanning (counting of grains) machine and experiments in a wave tank where a current is passed through waters agitated by waves propagating parallel to or perpendicular to the current action.
Phosphorus partitioning in co-dewatering biosolids and water treatment residuals.

Stabilization and dewatering methods for wastewater solids determine the concentration and nature of phosphorus (P) in biosolids and in-plant sidestreams recycled to the liquid treatment facility. Because water treatment residuals (WTR) exhibit strong immobilization of soluble P, this study evaluated the impact of co-dewatering WTR and biosolids on the P partitioning during dewatering and the environmental lability of biosolids-P measured by water-extractable P (WEP). Overall, P progressively partitioned into the water-insoluble particulate-bound form in dewatered cake with increasing blending ratio (BR) – defined as the dry mass ratio of WTR to biosolids. The reject water total P (TP) content from dewatering biosolids alone (250 mg L −1 ) was reduced to 60 mg L −1 for a BR = 1.5. Polymer addition resulted in statistically (α = 0.05) lower reject liquid TP, suggesting the cationic polyelectrolyte contributed to P binding. The WEP of the dewatered cake (∼20% solids) dropped from 2.36 g kg −1 (biosolids only) to ∼0.14 g kg −1 for BR = 1.5, meaning the P in land-applied co-processed cake is less susceptible to solubilization by surface runoff compared to unamended biosolids. Co-dewatering can reduce P in return flows and fix P in the dewatered solids in a form less prone to off-site migration following land application.
Lysosomal enzyme release: a possible mechanism of action of cobalt as an erythropoietic stimulant.

SummaryCobalt produced a significant increase in renal erythropoietic factor activity in the kidney and plasma levels of erythropoietin, which reached peak activity 12 hr after treatment. The studies reported here indicate also that cobalt caused the release of lysosomal enzymes into the blood in vivo. Furthermore, animals treated with cobalt showed increased plasma titers of lysosomal marker enzymes (β-glucuroni-dase and acid phosphatase) at a time when REF activity and plasma ESF levels were approaching a maximum. Metallic ions similar in structure to cobalt (iron, manganese, nickel) did not affect the integrity of lysosomal membranes in vivo. In addition, neither cobalt nor any of the metals tested altered lysosome membrane integrity in vitro.
The Cushing Syndromes

The 10 years since this journal's last review of CS have seen extraordinary advances in our understanding of many aspects of its causes, diagnosis, and treatment. The spectrum of what are now called the Cushing syndromes has expanded considerably to include CD, multiple sources of ectopic ACTH secretion, and an apparent autoimmune cause. Improved assays of ACTH and the availability of CRF have provided new insight into the physiology and pathophysiology of the HPA axis and new tools for diagnosis of CS, especially in combination with selective catheterization and sampling. New imaging technology has improved our visualization of pituitary adenomas and has provided powerful methods for identifying tumors ectopically secreting ACTH and primary adrenal tumors. Finally, the refinement of transsphenoidal surgery and its success in treating CD have provided a safe and effective therapy for this disease. For those occasional patients who require medical therapy, drugs are available that decrease steroid biosynthesis. We now have a much better understanding of a fascinating disease process and are able to diagnose and treat it more correctly. One is impatient to see which new pieces of this puzzle will fall into place over the next ten years.
Abstract 179: Atypical protein kinase C inhibition in prostate cancer cells: a study of ICA-1 and ACPD

Aggressive and metastatic prostate cancers are highly lethal tumors and are one of the leading causes of death among men. Certain prostate cancers are highly lethal tumors due to the emergence of therapy-resistant cancer cells. There is a gap in knowledge relating to which intracellular chemicals confer the emergence of therapy-resistant prostate cancer cells, which intracellular chemicals are responsible for prostate cancer survival and which chemicals regulate intracellular signaling pathways in prostate cancer. To address this critical problem, we investigated two drugs that act as inhibitors of atypical protein kinase C. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of ACPD [Diabetes. 63:2690-2701 (2014)] as an atypical PKC inhibitor and ICA-1 as an inhibitor of PKC-iota [The Inter. J. Biochem. & Cell Biol. 43:784-794(2011)]. DU-145 prostate carcinoma cells and non-malignant prostate RWPE-1 cells were each cultivated in separate flasks. They were treated with drugs of interest for three consecutive days. The cells were counted before and after the treatments and a statistical analysis was performed. The cells were lysed and levels of PKC-iota and PKC-zeta were measured by Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. Our preliminary results demonstrated that treatment of DU-145 showed a statistically significant decrease in cells that was proportional to the concentration in both drugs. Treatment of the RWPE-1 cells showed no statistically significant change in population. Western blotting showed that both drugs decreased PKC-iota. In conclusion ACPD is an effective inhibitor of PKC-iota and PKC-zeta and consequently significantly reduced the neogenesis of the prostate DU-145 carcinoma cells while having negligible effect on the non-malignant prostate RWPE-1 cells. Citation Format: Andre H. Apostolatos, Christopher Apostolatos, Mildred Acevedo-Duncan. Atypical protein kinase C inhibition in prostate cancer cells: A study of ICA-1 and ACPD. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3470. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3470
234Th as a Tracer for Export New Production in Monterey Bay

Eppley urged that the naturally produced ratio-isotope 234Th be carefully evaluated as a tracer for export new production. 234Th might be ideal for this purpose because it is produced at a known rate in the water column, it has a strong affinity for particles, its half-life (24d) is appropriate for upper ocean carbon cycling, and because it can be analyzed at sea. We studied this tracer in Monterey Bay which is an ideal location because there is a large seasonal signal in primary and new productivity.
Primary Sources of Biomedical Information

This chapter describes the current sources of health information for the American public and for selected segments of the public. It describes regular information consumption patterns of the adult population, examines the primary sources of information used by selected segments of the population, and explores the levels of public trust in major health information sources, looking both at the full public and at selected segments of the public. Adults without a college education report a significantly higher level of television-viewing than college graduates and a lower use of print media of all kinds. There is a growing use of home computers and on-line services, and Americans with a graduate or professional degree reported more hours per year on-line than visits to their local library. The level of trust in various sources of health information followed the same general pattern found in media use and showed that it was strongly influenced by education. Different segments of the population—the young, the old, parents, and women—use different media to obtain health information and report different levels of trust in that information. These differential patterns of use and trust serve as guidelines for communicating with various segments of the population.
Performance and Fatigue Analysis of High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Content and Warm-Mix Asphalt Test Sections

The use of warm-mix asphalt and reclaimed asphalt pavement is gaining wider acceptance across the United States. Though they are commonly used, there is a need to better characterize their laboratory properties and field performance to achieve optimal flexible pavement structures in the future. To meet this need, the National Center for Asphalt Technology began a study in 2009 that featured five sections using warm-mix asphalt technologies and high reclaimed asphalt pavement contents. The sections were expected to fail within 10 million equivalent single-axle load applications according to past experience but they performed well until 14 million equivalent single-axle loads, at which point fatigue cracking developed. A variety of fatigue cracking performance tests were conducted in the laboratory to develop correlations between laboratory and field performance. The laboratory results yielded different predictions, with the modified overlay tester showing the best correlation to field performance.
Marlene Laruelle (Ed.). Eurasianism and the European Far Right: Reshaping the Europe–Russia Relationship

This anthology examines the European far right's connections with Russia and neo-Eurasianist thought. Marlene Laruelle's introduction describes the similarities between Eurasianism and the far righ...
What Can Student Perception Surveys Tell Us About Teaching? Empirically Testing the Underlying Structure of the Tripod Student Perception Survey:

We conducted a theory-based analysis of the underlying structure of the Tripod student perception survey instrument using the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) database (N = 1,049 middle school ...
Prophylactic vaccination targeting ERBB3 decreases polyp burden in a mouse model of human colorectal cancer

Prophylactic vaccination is typically utilized for the prevention of communicable diseases such as measles and influenza but, with the exception of vaccines to prevent cervical cancer, is not widely used as a means of preventing or reducing the incidence of cancer. Here, we utilize a peptide-based immunotherapeutic approach targeting ERBB3, a pseudo-kinase member of the EGFR/ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, as a means of preventing occurrence of colon polyps. Administration of the peptide resulted in a significant decrease in the development of intestinal polyps in C57BL/6J-ApcMin mice, a model of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). In addition, even though they were not vaccinated, ApcMin offspring born to vaccinated females developed significantly fewer polyps than offspring born to control females. Lastly, to validate ERBB as a valid target for vaccination, we found no overt toxicity, increases in apoptosis, or morphological changes in tissues where Erbb3 was ablated in adult mice. These results indicate that prophylactic vaccination targeting ERBB3 could prevent the development of colon polyps in an at-risk patient population.
Algebraic Actions: Expansiveness, Homoclinicity, and Entropy

Much of the structural richness of algebraic actions can be witnessed in the connections between expansiveness, homoclinicity, and entropy.
Ultrasound findings in asymptomatic patients with modular metal on metal total hip arthroplasty.

The use of metal-on-metal and modular total hip arthroplasty is associated with potentially serious local and systemic complications. The primary aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of a pseudotumor in asymptomatic patients with a particular metal-on-metal hip prosthesis after a minimum follow-up of 5 years using ultrasound evaluation. A secondary purpose was to identify associations between the presence of pseudotumor and serum metal ion levels following implantation. We prospectively evaluated data collected from 36 asymptomatic patients who underwent implantation of a Profemur Z metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty from January 2004 to January 2010. Serum metal ion levels were collected in 2012 and 2015. Hip ultrasounds were performed in 2015. Pseudotumors were found in 7/36 patients (19.4%). The average pseudotumor size measured 38.2 cm3 (range 7.35 cm3–130.81 cm3). Elevated metal ion levels were found in all patients at all time points. No statistical correlation was found between the presence of pseudotumor and patient age, age of the implant, component design, and any of the serum metal ion levels or ratios. One in every five asymptomatic patients with metal-on-metal implants was found to have a periarticular pseudotumor. There was no dose-dependent relationship found between elevated serum metal ion levels and the development of a pseudotumor. Our findings suggest that in patients with known elevated metal ion levels, continued monitoring of ion levels may not be a reliable predictor of pseudotumor formation, and ultrasound surveillance can and should be routinely used to document the presence and progression of pseudotumor.
Associations of maternal stress with children's weight-related behaviours: a systematic literature review.

Summary Low adherence to guidelines for weight-related behaviours (e.g. dietary intake and physical activity) among US children underscores the need to better understand how parental factors may influence children's obesity risk. In addition to most often acting as primary caregiver to their children, women are also known to experience greater levels of stress than men. This study systematically reviewed associations between maternal stress and children's weight-related behaviours. Our search returned 14 eligible articles, representing 25 unique associations of maternal stress with a distinct child weight-related behaviour (i.e. healthy diet [n = 3], unhealthy diet [n = 6], physical activity [n = 7] and sedentary behaviour [n = 9]). Overall, findings for the relationship between maternal stress and children's weight-related behaviours were mixed, with no evidence for an association with children's healthy or unhealthy dietary intake, but fairly consistent evidence for the association of maternal stress with children's lower physical activity and higher sedentary behaviour. Recommendations for future research include prioritizing prospective designs, identifying moderators, and use of high-resolution, real-time data collection techniques to elucidate potential mechanisms.
Patterns of genetic screening for hereditary cancer syndromes: Effect of Supreme Court’s ruling invalidating single gene patent rights.

1580Background: In 6/2013 the Supreme Court ruled that isolated DNA sequences found in nature could not be patented, resulting in rapid uptake of multigene panels. We sought to explore trends in ge...
Adjuvant radiation and survival following surgical resection of sinonasal melanoma.

Abstract Background Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for sinonasal melanoma, but it is often difficult to obtain clear, negative margins. Therefore, patients often receive adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), however its impact on overall survival (OS) is not well understood. Methods Patients with surgically resected sinonasal melanoma were identified from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB, n = 696). Kaplan-Meier curves and parametric survival regression were used to analyze the impact of adjuvant RT on OS from surgery. Adjusted time ratios (aTRs) were computed, with values > 1 corresponding to improved survival. Results 399 (57.3%) patients received adjuvant RT. Those receiving RT tended to be younger but with more advanced disease and greater likelihood of positive margins, compared to those receiving no adjuvant therapy. Median survival was 25.0 months for those treated with surgery alone, compared to 28.3 months for those receiving adjuvant RT (log-rank P = 0.408). When adjusting for potential confounders, there was a trend towards greater survival with adjuvant RT (aTR 1.16, 95%CI 0.98–1.37). RT appeared beneficial in those with stage IVB disease (aTR 2.58, 95%CI 1.40–4.75) but not stage IVA (aTR 1.19, 95%CI 0.88–1.61) or III (aTR 0.85, 95%CI 0.65–1.13) disease. In contrast, there were no differences in impact of RT according to margin status (aTR 1.16 for both positive and negative margins). Conclusions Adjuvant therapy does not appear to provide a significant survival benefit in resected sinonasal melanomas regardless of margin status, except those with stage IVB disease. Practitioners should carefully consider the added benefit of adjuvant therapy in these patients.
Freedom to explore the self: How emerging adults use leisure to develop identity

During a period of newly attained freedom preceding commitments expected in adulthood, emerging adults are faced with the major task of identity development. Leisure provides a context with relative freedom wherein emerging adults explore new experiences and access opportunities not always available in more constrained environments like work and school. In this case study of 40 emerging adults from 18 countries (Mage =23.14 years), qualitative interviews were used to investigate the role of leisure as a context for identity development. Results indicate five major themes for leisure-based identity development in emerging adulthood: discovering identity, forming identity, defining identity, positioning identity, and forgoing opportunities. These themes support leisure as an additional context wherein emerging adults may flourish on the pathway toward adulthood. Access to both novel and familiar leisure provide a context for emerging adults to actively direct their identity development through decisions made in leisure time.
Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin].

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an important tool for physiologists and clinicians. However, adipose tissue greatly attenuates the signals from these devices. Correcting for this attenuation h...
Metaphors of knowing, doing and being: Capturing experience in teaching and teacher education

Abstract In this article, Bateson's idea of human beings thinking with metaphors and learning through stories is examined as it played out within accumulated educational research studies. Five storied metaphors illuminating knowing, doing and being are highlighted from five investigations involving different research teams. In the cross-case analysis, the importance of narrative exemplars emerges, along with the significance of metaphors serving as proxies for teachers' experiences. The plotlines of the metaphors, the morals of the metaphors and the truths of the metaphors are also discussed. In the end result, the value of metaphors in surfacing teachers' embedded, embodied knowledge of experience is affirmed as well as the deftness of the narrative inquiry research method in metaphorically capturing pre-service and inservice teachers' storied experiences.
Microvascular Coronary Dysfunction-an Overview.

We will review the available data on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of microvascular coronary dysfunction (MCD). The study of MCD was pioneered by the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) cohort. New techniques in the diagnosis of this condition, using invasive and noninvasive means, are helping to increase awareness of this condition as well as ways in which to treat it. Microvascular coronary disease without epicardial involvement has become an increasingly recognized cause of cardiac chest pain, particularly in women. Dysfunction of the microvasculature related to endothelium-dependent and endothelial-independent factors likely results in symptoms and/or evidence of ischemia. Although there is a growing body of research, there is still much about MCD that we do not understand.
Application of Shielding in CT Radiation Dose Reduction

In-plane shields have been shown to reduce CT radiation dose to some of the most radiosensitive organs. However, potential for artifacts and changes in attenuation numbers make their universal use controversial for radiation protection purposes. In this chapter, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of use of in-plane shielding for reducing radiation dose associated with CT scanning.
Some Magnetization Studies at High Hydrostatic Pressures

Magnetization measurements in hydrostatic pressures, P, to ≃ 10 kbar are presented for several magnetically ordered rare earth intermetallic systems. The details of the experimental techniques are discussed. For an induced ferromagnet, Pr3T1, the Curie temperature and the zero field saturation moment are both reduced to zero for P ≳ 8 kbar. The results are compared with a molecular field model which takes into account the tetragonal symmetry experienced by the magnetic Pr ions. The pressure dependence is presented of the Neel temperature, TN, for several RSb antiferromagnets; R = Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Bo and Er. Also discussed is the effect of pressure on spin reorientation fields for R = Dy, Ho and Er. For DySb the effect is large and consistent with the behavior of TN under pressure.
Where Environmental Policy Is Social Policy: Nature, Food, Society, and Metabolic Processes

Thanks in large part to the work of John Bellamy Foster, the concept of metabolism is understood to embody the ecological orientation deeply embedded in Marx’s critique of the relationship between nature and society that exists in capitalist society. The modern epoch is seen in terms a metabolic rift, in which the employment and product of human labor (in agriculture and industry) is no longer compatible with the normal cycles of nature. The result is ecological crisis and unsustainable development.
Predictors and outcomes of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized lung cancer patients: A nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) database analysis.

e17632 Background: Patients with lung cancer are at high risk of developing VTE, including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. We sought to characterize the clinical factors associated w...
Multifunctional active reflectarray metasurfaces (Conference Presentation)

In the last several years, metasurfaces have demonstrated promise to control constitutive properties of light via interaction with nanoscale elements. Unlike the passive metasurfaces developed to date, actively controlled metasurface properties can enable the realization of new electrically-tunable low-profile optical components with numerous applications such as dynamic holograms, convergent lenses with reconfigurable focal lengths, and beam steering arrays, which are key requirements for future chip-based light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems. In this work, we report a gate-tunable reflectarray metasurface, which can act as a focusing lens with reconfigurable focal length or as a beam steering device. This active reflectarray metasurface is actively controlled by use of indium tin oxide (ITO) as a material with voltage-tunable complex permittivity at 1550 nm operating wavelength. First, we experimentally demonstrate electrical control of the reflection phase and amplitude for metasurface unit elements, and we show that the phase shift of the metasurface unit element can be actively tuned from 0° to 300°. Our design enables independent electrical control of each metasurface element via individual application of the DC voltage. We also show that the same metasurface can exhibit multiple functionalities, acting both as a reconfigurable lens and a beam steering device.
REDUCING DEPRECIATION ALLOWANCES TO FINANCE A LOWER CORPORATE TAX RATE

This paper considers the tradeoffs in using revenues from slowing depreciation deductions to lower the corporate tax rate. It estimates how much the rate could be lowered and the resulting effective tax rates on different types of assets. Two issues arise : the overall effect on marginal tax burdens and the challenges of using a provision that largely reflects timing effects to finance a steady state rate reduction.
Durable Long-Term Bacterial Engraftment following Encapsulated Fecal Microbiota Transplantation To Treat Clostridium difficile Infection.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become a common rescue therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and encapsulated delivery (cFMT) of healthy donor microbiota shows similar clinical efficacy as more traditional routes of administration. In this study, we characterized long-term patterns of bacterial engraftment in a cohort of 18 patients, who received capsules from one of three donors, up to 409 days post-FMT. Bacterial communities were characterized using Illumina sequencing of the V5-V6 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, and engraftment was determined by using the Bayesian algorithm SourceTracker. All patients recovered clinically and were free of C. difficile infection following cFMT. The majority of patients (61%) showed high levels of engraftment after the first week following FMT, which were sustained throughout the year. A small subset, 22%, experienced a decline in donor engraftment after approximately 1 month, and a few patients (17%), two of whom were taking metformin, showed delayed and low levels of donor engraftment. Members of the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Faecalibacterium were significantly and positively correlated with donor similarity (ρ = 0.237 to 0.373, P ≤ 0.017). Furthermore, throughout the year, patient fecal communities showed significant separation based on the donor fecal microbiota that they received (P < 0.001). Results of this study, which characterize long-term engraftment following cFMT, suggest that numerical donor similarity is not strictly related to clinical outcome and identify a persistent donor-specific effect on patient fecal microbial communities. Furthermore, results suggest that members of the Bacteroidetes may be important targets to improve engraftment via cFMT.IMPORTANCE Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) is the most common cause of hospital- and community-acquired diarrheal infection associated with antibiotic use. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a treatment that involves administration of fecal bacteria from a healthy donor to a recipient patient, is a highly effective rescue therapy for rCDI that is increasingly being incorporated into standard clinical practice. Encapsulated, freeze-dried preparations of fecal microbiota, administered orally, offer the simplest and most convenient route of FMT delivery for patients (cFMT). In this study, we evaluated the extent of bacterial engraftment following cFMT and the duration of donor bacterial persistence. All patients studied recovered clinically but showed differing patterns in long-term microbial community similarity to the donor that were associated with members of the bacterial group Bacteroidetes, previously shown to be prominent contributors to rCDI resistance. Results highlight long-lasting, donor-specific effects on recipient patient microbiota and reveal potential bacterial targets to improve cFMT engraftment.