cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Financial Model for Team-Based Opioid Use Disorder Treatment.

Introduction: Opioid use disorder (OUD) affects 2 million Americans, yet many patients do not receive treatment. Lack of team-based care is a common barrier for office-based opioid treatment (OBOT). In 2015, we started OBOT in a family medicine practice. Based on our experiences, we developed a financial model for hiring a team member to provide nonbillable OBOT services through revenue from increased patient volume. Methods: We completed a retrospective chart review from July 2015 to December 2016 to determine the average difference in medical visits per patient per month pre-OBOT versus post-OBOT. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of visits coded as a Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5, and the percentage of patients with Medicaid, private insurance, or self pay. With this information, we extrapolated to build a financial model to hire a team member to support OBOT. Results: Twenty-three patients received OBOT during the study period. There was a net increase of 1.93 visits per patient per month (P Conclusions: In a fee-for-service model, the revenue generated from increased medical visits can offset the cost of hiring a team member to support nonbillable OBOT services.
Social Attachment to Place and Psychic Costs of Geographic Mobility: How Distance from Hometown and Vacation Flexibility Affect Job Performance

Using a natural experiment and field interviews, this paper studies how social attachment to place imposes psychic costs on workers who experience geographic mobility. This is especially salient when workers are assigned to locations far from their hometown, which may subject them to increased psychic costs related to social attachment to their hometown. Based on semi-structured field interviews conducted with early career workers at an Indian technology firm, we propose that a key mechanism, “vacation flexibility”—that is, the flexibility to take vacation and travel back home when it matters the most—is relevant to the relation between distance from hometown and worker performance. By exploiting the Indian technology firm’s policy of randomly assigning entry-level employees to eight widely scattered locations, we are able to address selection concerns and validate that distance from hometown is negatively related to worker performance under conditions of lesser vacation flexibility compared to when the worker has more vacation flexibility. To offer evidence around the key mechanism of interest, we use subsample analyses and micro-data on leave taken by workers during the major Indian festival of Diwali. Our findings inform literatures on geographic mobility and geography of work, social attachment to place, workplace flexibility, hiring, migration, and early career experiences.
7 – Empirical Behaviorism

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses empirical behaviorism. The chapter states that empirical behaviorism is a combination of Skinner's radical behaviorism and Kantor's interbehaviorism focusing on human development. This variation of behaviorism is presented as a case history—that is, as an account of a long search for a philosophy of science for psychology. It explains that a long and persistent search for the genius who might unify psychology and have it take its place among the natural sciences prompted to evaluate the views of Freud on psychoanalysis, Watson on behaviorism, Lewin on field theory, Hull on behavior theory, Skinner on radical behaviorism, and Kantor on interbehaviorism. This chapter finds that there was not one such person but two —Skinner and Kantor—who filled the bill. Although their terminologies differ and each emphasized different aspects of psychology, their positions are essentially compatible and could therefore be combined into a system that can be known as empirical behaviorism. On the basis of this view, the chapter developed a systematic research program and a conceptual system for normal and deviant child development that stimulated practical programs for the treatment of normally developing children with behavior problems, and the treatment of handicapped children, as well as programs in early childhood education, special education, and parent training.
Third Party and Appointed Monitorships

This chapter outlines the history and use of monitors in various contexts, beginning with the original conception of a court-appointed monitor and ending with the more recent development of the public relations and modern-day court-ordered monitor. It next discusses how the specific type of monitorship alters the duties and confidentiality expectations of the parties to the monitorship in both formal and informal ways. Next, it analyzes the sparse regulation of monitorships, suggesting that reputation may currently be the most effective limit on monitor overreach and capture. Finally, it ends by proposing two areas for scholarly focus going forward: (1) mechanisms for formally regulating monitors, and (2) empirical study of the overall effectiveness of monitorships.
‘Embodiments of the invention’: Patents and urban diagrammatics in the smart city:

How do technology firms compete to colonize the urban future? This article theorizes technology patents as a medium of urban futuring. Patents secure legal exclusion by disclosing an idea or invent...
Polarization Dependence of Microwave "ionization" of Excited Hydrogen Atoms

After a brief review of the ionization of excited hydrogen atoms by a linearly polarized field, we discuss experimental results for the polarization dependence of this process. Experiments at ω/2π = 9.904 GHz used two different ranges of principal quantum number n 0 between 29 and 98. At low scaled frequencies, Ω 0 0.1, ionization data for certain narrow ranges of n 0 exhibit striking sensitivity to fields with elliptical polarization not too far from circular polarization. Classical calculations reproduce this behavior and show it to be the result of 2ω driving terms that appear when the Hamilto- nian is transformed to a frame rotating at ω. It shows how higher-dimensional dynamics can influence the ionization and be used to control it when the polarization departs from linear or circular polarization. At higher scaled frequencies, 0.6 < Ω0 1.4, near the onset of ionization circularly and ellip- tically polarized data show surprising similarities with linearly polarized data in a parameter regime where the ionization dynamics is dominated by the influence of the pendulumlike resonance zone centered at scaled frequency noω 1. The stabilizing influence of this zone can be understood clas- sically, but nonclassical stability associated with quantal separatrix states at its edge is a semiclassical effect.
Management of Ischemic Stroke Following Left Ventricular Assist Device.

Abstract Background Acute ischemic stroke is a common complication and an important source of morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular assist devices. There are no standardized protocols to guide management of ischemic stroke among patients with left ventricular assist device. We evaluated our experience treating patients who had an acute ischemic stroke following left ventricular assist device placement. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent left ventricular assist device placement from 2010–2019 and identified patients who had acute ischemic stroke following left ventricular assist device placement. Results Of 216 patients having left ventricular assist device placement (mean±SD age 52.9±16.2 years, women 26.9%), 19 (8.8%) had acute ischemic stroke (mean±SD age 55.8±12.0 years, women 36.8%). Median (interquartile range) time to ischemic stroke following left ventricular assist device placement was 96 (29-461) days. At the time of the ischemic stroke, 16/19 (84.2%) patients were taking both antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy, 1/19 (5.3%) patient was receiving only anticoagulants, 1/19 (5.3%) patient was taking aspirin and dipyridamole, and 1/19 (5.3%) patient was not taking antithrombic agents. INR was subtherapeutic (INR Conclusions While thrombolytic therapy is frequently contraindicated in the management of acute ischemic stroke following left ventricular assist device, mechanical thrombectomy remains a valid option in eligible patients. Anticoagulation is often continued through the acute phase of ischemic stroke secondary to concerns for LVAD thrombosis. The risks and benefits of continuing anticoagulation must be weighed carefully, especially in patients with large infarct volume, as hemorrhagic transformation remains a common complication.
Kidney Disease and Epilepsy.

Abstract Chronic kidney disease and seizures often co-exist. When seizures are provoked in patients with kidney disease, their treatment poses a particular challenge. Seizures may be provoked in the context of uremia, and toxic substances associated with uremic encephalopathy. In that case, the mainstay of therapy is to treat the uremia before consideration for anticonvulsant therapy. Treatment of seizures in the setting of chronic kidney disease requires special attention to selection of anticonvulsant medications and knowledge of the altered pharmacokinetics of these medications, which may require special titration schedule in that setting. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about inter-relation of seizures and kidney disease. The review will also help practitioners who treat patients with renal failure and coexisting seizures in choosing the best treatment options.
Tones slow down visuomotor responses in a visual-spatial task.

Abstract The current study examined how simple tones affect speeded visuomotor responses in a visual-spatial sequence learning task. Across the three reported experiments, participants were presented with a visual target that appeared in different locations on a touchscreen monitor and they were instructed to touch the visual targets as quickly as possible. Visual sequences were either paired with sounds that correlated with the location of the target, paired with sounds that did not correlate with the location of the target, or the sequences were presented in silence (baseline). Response times decreased across training and participants were slower to respond to the visual stimuli when the sequences were paired with tones. Moreover, these interference effects were more pronounced early in training and explicit instructions directing attention to the visual modality had little effect on eliminating auditory interference, suggesting that these interference effects may stem from bottom-up factors and do not appear to be under attentional control. These findings have implications on tasks that require the processing of simultaneously presented auditory and visual information and provide support for a proposed mechanism underlying auditory dominance on a task that is typically better suited for the visual modality.
Computational modeling of RNase, antisense ORF0 RNA, and intracellular compartmentation and their impact on the life cycle of the line retrotransposon.

Abstract Nearly half of the human genome is occupied by repetitive sequences of ancient virus-like genetic elements. The largest class, comprising 17% of the genome, belong to the type 1 Long INterspersed Elements (LINE-1) and are the only class capable of autonomous propagation in the genome. When epigenetic silencing mechanisms of LINE-1 fail, the proteins encoded by LINE-1 engage in reverse transcription to make new copies of their own or other DNAs that are pasted back into the genome. To elucidate how LINE-1 is dysregulated as a result of carcinogen exposure, we developed a computational model of key elements in the LINE-1 lifecycle, namely, the role of cytosolic ribonuclease (RNase), RNA interference (RNAi) by the antisense ORF0 RNA, and sequestration of LINE-1 products into stress granules and multivesicular structures. The model showed that when carcinogen exposure is represented as either a sudden increase in LINE-1 mRNA count, or as an increase in mRNA transcription rate, the retrotransposon copy number exhibits a distinct threshold behavior above which LINE-1 enters a positive feedback loop that allows the cDNA copy number to grow exponentially. We also found that most of the LINE-1 RNA was degraded via the RNAase pathway and that neither ORF0 RNAi, nor the sequestration of LINE-1 products into granules and multivesicular structures, played a significant role in regulating the retrotransposon’s life cycle. Several aspects of the prediction agree with experimental results and indicate that the model has significant potential to inform future experiments related to LINE-1 activation.
Value of peer mentorship for equity in higher education leadership: a school of public health focus with implications for all academic administrators

Diverse representation in higher education leadership is critical to the Academy’s mission of teaching, research, and service. As academic leadership positions are rarely occupied by faculty from u...
Modeling the galectin patterning network of the developing chick limb skeleton

One of the best studied experimental models for self-organization in embryonic development is the formation of skeletal elements in vertebrate limbs, in particular in the chicken. Here cells aggregate to form chondrogenic condensations, which later turn into cartilage, then bone. This behavior is also seen in vitro in so-called micromass experiments. Several models for the underlying pattern forming mechanism have been proposed, notably Turing-type reaction-diffusion mechanisms and positional information mechanisms based on spatiotemporal gradients of signaling molecules. However, serious questions remain (for instance about the identities of the purported morphogens in a Turing-type mechanism) and the exact regulatory mechanisms for this process are far from understood. We present a mathematical model for the morphogenesis and patterning of these mesenchymal condensations. One of the features of this model is that it is firmly based on the experimentally established dynamics of a multiscale regulatory network consisting of two glycan-binding proteins expressed early in limb development: CG (chicken galectin)-1A, CG-8 and their counterreceptors. This network was shown to determine the formation, size, number and spacing of the "protocondensations'' that give rise to the condensations and ultimately serve as the templates of the bones. The model consists of a system of partial differential equations containing a nonlocal term to represent cell-cell adhesion. We present numerical and analytical results to confirm that the system has pattern-forming capabilities and to explore the nature of the patterning instability. The full model recapitulates qualitatively and quantitatively the experimental results of network perturbation and leads to new predictions, which are verified by further experimentation. The described mechanism represents an extension of the category of activator-inhibitor processes capable of generating biological patterns with repetitive elements beyond the mechanisms of the Turing/Gierer-Meinhardt type. This talk is based on joint work with S. A. Newman (NY Medical College) and R. Bhat (UC Berkeley) .
The Power of Cross Pressures

The Persuadable Voter . Wedge Issues in Presidential Campaigns. By D. Sunshine Hillygus and Todd G. Shields . Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 2008. 267 pp. $29.95, £17.95. ISBN 9780691133416. Hillygus and Shields explore survey data, experimental results, campaign ads, archives, and interview responses to discuss why wedge issues are used, who they persuade, and how they may affect political equality and democratic governance.
Yeast expression of a catalytic antibody with chorismate mutase activity.

Abstract The catalytic antibody 1F7 promotes the rearrangement of chorismate into prephenate. We cloned and sequenced the genes encoding this catalyst to determine the origin of the observed rates and specificity. The antibody cDNAs were modified and inserted into inducible expression vectors. Simultaneous intracellular expression of the light and truncated heavy chains in strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking natural chorismate mutase resulted in the production of properly folded and assembled Fab antibody. Assembly of the light and heavy immunoglobulin chains is roughly 60-70% efficient in our in vivo system, lagging behind light chain synthesis throughout log and stationary phase. Nevertheless, high intracellular levels of functional Fab antibody (0.1% of total cellular protein) were obtained with an ultra-high copy number plasmid. As yeast-derived 1F7(Fab) catalyzes the chorismate mutase reaction with the same specific activity as antibody isolated from the hybridoma, our expression system now makes possible the application of classical and "reverse" genetics to the study and improvement of this first-generation abzyme.
A review of magneto-optical recording systems

Summary form only given. Magneto-optical recording disk drives offer not only the high areal density and removability of earlier optical recording products, but erasability and rewritability as well. The authors review the principles of magneto-optical recording materials and systems. The basic properties of rare-earth/transition-metal magneto-optical recording materials are described. Means for writing, erasing, and reading domains are presented, as well as means for automatic focusing and track following. Signal-to-noise ratios achieved in systems and the resulting bit error rates are presented. A description of the key problems facing more advanced systems and work being done to solve them are also presented. >
CD11/CD18-independent neutrophil adherence to laminin is mediated by the integrin VLA-6.

Regulated adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to endothelium and subendothelial matrix is a critical event for PMN localization at and migration into inflammatory sites. We previously reported that human PMNs stimulated in vitro adhere to laminin, the major glycoprotein of mammalian basement membrane, by both CD11/CD18 (beta 2 integrin)-dependent and CD11/CD18-independent mechanisms. This CD11/CD18-independent adherence is inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against the beta 1 subunit of integrins (very late antigens [VLA]). The specific PMN VLA receptor responsible for stimulated CD11/CD18-independent PMN adherence to laminin was not elucidated. We show here that this CD11/CD18-independent adherence is mediated by a member of the beta 1 integrins, VLA-6. MoAbs GoH3 and 450– 30, which bind the alpha 6 subunit of VLA-6, significantly reduced adherence of phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated PMNs to laminin- coated surfaces when CD11/CD18-independent adherence was blocked with anti-CD11/CD18 MoAbs. Furthermore, GoH3 completely inhibited stimulated adherence of CD11/CD18-deficient PMNs to laminin. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that human PMNs express VLA-6. The PMN alpha 6 is identical in size and pl to the platelet alpha 6, but the PMN beta 1 exhibits considerable heterogeneity in molecular weight compared with the platelet beta 1. This activation-dependent adherence receptor for laminin may play a role in PMN interaction with basement membrane laminin during PMN movement through vascular walls.
BioPatentMiner: an information retrieval system for biomedical patents

Before undertaking new biomedical research, identifying concepts that have already been patented is essential. Traditional keyword based search on patent databases may not be sufficient to retrieve all the relevant information, especially for the biomedical domain. More sophisticated retrieval techniques are required. This paper presents BioPatentMiner, a system that facilitates information retrieval from biomedical patents. It integrates information from the patents with knowledge from biomedical ontologies to create a Semantic Web. Besides keyword search and queries linking the properties specified by one or more RDF triples, the system can discover Semantic Associations between the resources. The system also determines the importance of the resources to rank the results of a search and prevent information overload while determining the Semantic Associations.
Scalability, security technologies and mobile applications

Multi-agent applications are expected to take an important role in the future of e-business applications. However, security for multi-agent applications has become a critical issue. Unfortunately, effective security technologies often tend to require considerable computational and network resources, leading to scalability issues. Thus, scalability of the security technologies is a vital issue when developing practical agent-based applications. In this paper, we present the results of measurements of implementation of various security technologies operating in the JADE multi-agent platform.
Efficient double asymmetric error correcting codes

Two constructions for double-asymmetric-error-correcting codes are given. These codes offer some desirable properties for optical communication, where it is important that most codewords have small weights. The first construction gives a subset of a double-error-correcting BCH code. The code offers considerable improvement in the weight distribution at the expense of one extra bit of redundancy (in almost all cases) over the BCH code. The code is semisystematic and has the same degree of encoding/decoding complexity as the BCH code. The second construction is completely systematic and has twice the information rate as the BCH code in several cases. This code is easy to encode and decode and has fewer 1s than 0s. >
Evidence for nutritional benefits in prolonging wellness

Healthy aging involves the interaction between genes, the environment, and lifestyle factors, particularly diet and physical activity. Worldwide, the increase in life span has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality as the result of chronic, lifestyle-influenced diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Nutrient deficiency diseases are giving way to energy imbalances, and links between diet and chronic disease are becoming clearer. The global demographic, epidemiologic, and nutrition transitions are dramatic and point to an urgent need to focus on preventive approaches in health care. Thus, nutrition research has shifted from focusing exclusively on alleviating nutrient deficiencies to also stressing chronic disease prevention. Ongoing initiatives to optimize long-term health and promote healthy aging are based on the concept of functional fitness, ie, the ability to lead an active and healthy life. The Dietary Reference Intakes provide a framework for assessing nutrient adequacy at the population and individual levels. In addition, the Healthy Eating Index provides a single summary measure of diet quality. To effect changes in lifestyles to optimize health as we age, health care providers need to consider all the lifestyle and environmental factors contributing to suboptimal eating and lifestyle patterns.
Electrical design considerations for high-speed computer packages

Wiring rules are required for high-speed logic circuits. They ensure proper operation of the receivers connected at any point on the transmission lines, and they guarantee the integrity of the delay equations used to predict the system performance. These wiring rules are strongly dependent on the driver characteristics and the system design requirements. It is important to develop a rule for maximum stub length to avoid excessive oscillations and long decaying time constants on the main line, which compromise system performance. The algorithms and procedures outlined greatly facilitate the developing of net delay equations for a high-speed package technology with various net types without sacrificing accuracy. The fundamental tradeoffs between the wiring rules, the signal quality, the number of delay equations, and the magnitude of their approximation error are discussed. >
Model reference adaptive control of linear time-varying plants: the case of ‘jump’ parameter variations

In this paper we consider the model reference adaptive control problem of single-input single-output linear, time-varying plants. We assume that the plant parameters are uniformly bounded and piecewise Lipschitz continuous. Inside the intervals of continuity, we assume that the plant satisfies certain controllability, observability, relative degree and zero dynamics assumptions but the speed of parameter variations is not restricted to be small. Under these general conditions we design a control law of the model reference type which guarantees the boundedness of the closed-loop plant and small tracking error in the mean-square sense, provided that the number of discontinuities of the plant parameters is small, on average. Furthermore, in the case of partially unknown plant parameters, we show that the adaptive controller obtained by combining this control law with a suitable estimation algorithm, guarantees closed-loop boundedness and small tracking error in the mean-square sense, provided that, in additi...
A decreasing feeding profile for the optimization of ethanol production in a recombinant Escherichia coli fed-batch fermentation.

A decreasing feed flowrate was used to optimize the ethanol volumetric productivity and was found to be optimal and equal to 1.8 g ethanol/h·L with a recombinant Escherichia coli with plasmid pLOI297. This productivity is more than double in previous reports. High substrate concentrations favor ethanol production when the microorganisms are in the exponential phase and when they are not inhibited.
The relationship between mexican american cultural values and resilience among mexican american college students: A mixed methods study

The current study investigated the role of cultural values in the resilience of Mexican American college students. Utilizing mixed methodology, 124 self-identified Mexican American college students were asked to complete an online survey, including a demographic questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, Mexican American Cultural Values Scale, and 2 open-ended questions concerning overcoming adversity and cultural values. As hypothesized, Mexican American traditional cultural values (Familismo, Respeto, Religiosidad, and Traditional Gender Roles) predicted resilience, with Familismo accounting for the majority of the variance. Consensual qualitative research (Hill, Thompson, & Nutt Williams, 1997) was used to identify emergent domains and themes within the open-ended question responses. Traditional Mexican American Value themes included Familismo, Ethnic Identity, Religiosidad, Perseverance, and Respeto. Results highlight the important role that certain Mexican American cultural values play in providing strength for overcoming adversities.
SQUID detected NMR of laser-polarized xenon at 4.2 K and at frequencies down to 200 Hz

Abstract A spectrometer based on a dc SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) was used to record nuclear magnetic resonance signals from laser-polarized 129 Xe at 4.2 K and at frequencies ranging from about 200 Hz to 110 kHz in magnetic fields varying from about 0.02 to 9 mT. The 129 Xe resonance linewidths were found to increase with increasing magnetic field, and, at a given field, to increase with higher 129 Xe concentration. The spin-lattice relaxation times were observed to decrease from ∼ 8000 s at 5 mT to ∼ 2000 s at fields below 0.05 mT. Such long relaxation times make possible a variety of spin polarization transfer experiments.
The Column of Trajan in the light of ancient cartography and geography

The spiral reliefs of the Column of Trajan at Rome present the narrative of the Dacian Wars upon a continuous and elongated cartographic landscape, in which a wealth of landforms, including mountains, rivers, streams, springs, and forests serve not only as a setting of human actions, but become elements of the narrative in themselves, as they yield to the relentless efforts of Trajan and his army and engineers. In depicting the campaigns, the reliefs celebrate to a remarkable degree the military engineers and agrimensores (surveyors) who transformed the land as they cleared, measured, and built during the wars. In a circuit from participation in the historical events to their commemoration, the work of these surveyors ultimately contributed to the design of the Column and the stylistic choices of the Column reliefs themselves. Not only the subjects, but the innovative spiral format and the mode of depiction of the Reliefs are indebted in part to the conventions ofcartographic practice, while the conceptual framework within which the column’s topographic depictions communicatetheir ideological freight is tied to traditions of ancient geography. Writers such as Strabo, Pliny and Dio Cassius, whileproviding inconclusive evidence on the locations of topography in the Reliefs, point to the worldview they express: civilizing,imperial, scopic, rational, organizing, controlling nature. This essay examines the Column reliefs as embedded in widertopographical and geographical traditions during Trajan’s reign and in Roman antiquity, and proposes some new avenuesfor understanding the reliefs in these terms
Study of the scattering correction for thick uranium-oxide and other α-particle sources—I: Theoretical

Abstract Theoretical values of the 2π α-particle counting rate, C2π, including scattering, divided by the disintegration rate, N0, are calculated for α-particle sources mounted on flat backing materials. The theoretical values (Part I) and experimental values (Part II) are in good agreement, and show that 1. (a) C2π/N0 values as a function of α-particle energy and source thickness can be calculated on the basis of a simple physical model. 2. (b) The scattering correction, expressed as a fraction of the disintegration rate, decreases with increasing source thickness. 3. (c) The α-particle scattering in uranium-oxide is much less than the scattering in platinum, in disagreement with previous estimates. The calculations are readily extended to other source compositions and α-particle energies.
Urothelial metaplasia of the seminal vesicles: a report of 2 cases

Although urothelial metaplasia has been reported in the fallopian tube, urothelium in the seminal vesicle has been rarely reported. We report 2 cases of urothelial epithelium in seminal vesicles from radical prostatectomy specimens. One case involved a 63-year-old patient with pT2c prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason pattern 3+4; total score, 7). The other case involved a 60-year-old patient with pT2c prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason pattern 4+3; total score, 7; with focal Gleason pattern 5). Representative sections of the left seminal vesicles from both patients demonstrated a portion of urothelial epithelium consisting of 3 to 8 cell layers, which included superficial (umbrella), intermediate, and basal cells. An abrupt transition from the normal single layer of cuboidal cells of seminal vesicle to multilayered urothelium was identified in 1 case, and circumferential urothelium was identified in the other case. No urothelial metaplasia was seen in the prostatic tissue. The histogenesis of urothelial metaplasia in the seminal vesicle is unclear, but it possibly is a reaction to mechanical irritation, inflammation, or infection, as has been proposed for urothelial metaplasia in the fallopian tube and squamous metaplasia of the pelvic peritoneum. Nevertheless, a rare congenital malformation cannot be ruled out as an etiology. Clinical follow-up of patients with urothelial cell metaplasia of the fimbriae suggests that it bears no biologic significance, yielding no instances of carcinoma. However, whether there will be an impact on fertility awaits further study.
A finite element-based elastic-plastic model for the contact of rough surfaces

Three-dimensional elastic-plastic contact of two nominally flat rough surfaces is considered. Equations governing the shouldershoulder contact of asperities are derived based on the asperity constitutive relations from a finite element model of the elasticplastic interaction proposed by Kogut and Etsion (2002), in which asperity scale constitutive relations are derived using piecewise approximate functions. An analytical fusion technique is developed to combine the piecewise asperity level constitutive relations. Shoulder-shoulder asperity contact yields a slanted contact force consisting of two components, one in the normal direction and a half-plane tangential component. Statistical summation of the asperity level contact force components and asperity level contact area results in the total contact force and total contact area formulae between two rough surfaces. Approximate equations are developed in closed form for contact force components and contact area.
Weak Binding of Phospho(enol)pyruvate to Phosphofructokinase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii

Most prokaryotic phosphofructokinases (PFKs), like those from Bacillus stearothermolphilus (BsPFK) and E.coli (EcPFK), exhibit both tight binding affinity for the allosteric inhibitor phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and strong inhibition. PFK from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus (LbPFK), which is similar in structure and sequence to BsPFK and EcPFK, exhibits weak PEP binding, with the strength of the inhibition being indeterminate. D12, found along the active site interface, is conserved in over 150 prokaryotic PFKs, and it forms hydrogen bonds with highly conserved residues across this interface. Mutating D12 to alanine in BsPFK enhances PEP binding by 100-fold with no change in the extent of PEP inhibition. When D12A was introduced into LbPFK only a 5-fold enhancement in PEP binding was observed. Crystal structures of D12A BsPFK and D12A LbPFK were solved to 2.4 A resolution. Comparison of D12A and wild-type BsPFK with fructose 6-phosphate bound shows a quaternary shift along the active site interface, breaking the hydrogen bonds involving D12. By contrast, D12A LbPFK exhibits no major change in structure relative to wild type BsPFK. In hopes of further enhancing PEP binding, the following mutations of non-conserved residues in the allosteric site were made to the corresponding residues in either EcPFK or BsPFK, respectively. H59D, E55Y, D187E and S319Y combined showed no enhancement in PEP binding. S211R, D214K and G216S alone and in combination also had no effect on PEP binding. All these mutations suggest that the diminished PEP binding affinity to LbPFK is the consequence of more that just the residues in the allosteric site, likely involving the resistance of this enzyme to undergoing the quaternary shift. Funding came from NIH grant GM33216, NIH CBI training grant, and the Welch Foundation grant A1543.
Energy ordering of the B and C states in XeCl, XeBr, and KrCl, from temperature dependence of emission spectra

Abstract Inert-gas halide emission spectra from a Tesla discharge are studied as a function of pressure and temperature. From the temperature dependence of the infinite pressure ratio of broad-band (C → A and B → A) emission to B → X emission, the energy separations, T eC - T eB , are found to be −130 cm −1 (XeCl), −80 cm −1 (XeBr) and 375 cm −1 (KrCl). Estimates of the (C → A)/(B → X) spontaneous emission branching ratios agree well with theoretical predictions.
A tracer study with O18 in Photosynthesis by activation analysis

A method has been devised for tracer studies with oxygen using paper chromatography and proton activation of O/sup 18/ to F/sup 18/. This technique is relatively simple and can detect a fraction of a mu g of O/sup 18/, as well as giving some information about the chemical nature of the compound into which it is incorporated. The procedure has been applied to a preliminary study of the path of O/sub 2/ in green algae. Three short-term photosynthesis products containing O/sup 18/ were observed.
Breast surgery in stage IV breast cancer: impact of staging and patient selection on overall survival

Purpose Retrospective analyses suggest patients with stage IV breast cancer who undergo breast surgery have improved survival. We sought to determine whether surgery and other clinical and staging factors affected overall survival. Methods We performed a review of our prospectively maintained database of patients who presented with stage IV breast cancer between 1998 and 2005. We compared survival between women who received therapeutic surgery to the breast (S) versus those who did not (NS). Results Of the 147 women who presented with stage IV breast carcinoma, 61 (41%) underwent mastectomy or lumpectomy. Median overall survival unadjusted was 3.52 years for S versus 2.36 years for NS (P = 0.093). ER and Her2neu status were positive predictors of survival (HR: 0.191 and 0.285 P < 0.0001); CNS and liver metastases were adverse predictors (HR: 2.05 and 1.59 P = 0.015 P = 0.059). On multivariate survival was significantly superior in the surgery group (HR: 0.47 P = 0.003 mean 4.13 years versus 2.36 years). In those undergoing surgery, 36 women were diagnosed with metastatic disease postoperatively and 25 preoperatively. These groups had median survival of 4.0 years and 2.4 years, respectively, comparable to those in the NS group (2.36 years, (P = 0.18). Conclusions Breast surgery is associated with improved survival in stage IV breast cancer. However, in our experience, this benefit is only realized among patients operated on before diagnosis of metastatic disease and is likely a consequence of stage migration bias. While some women may warrant palliative surgery to the breast, it is unclear that such surgery otherwise improves clinical outcomes.
Population Dynamics of the Boll Weevil in an Isolated Cotton Field in South Carolina

In 1968 and 1969, the rate of increase of a population of Anthonomus grandis Boheman was observed in a small cotton field isolated from other cotton plantings by distances of 14–26 miles. Wing traps baited with unmated male boll weevils were used to study the size of the population and the movement of weevils in the area around the field. In both years, the population increased to destructive levels within the period of F1 adult emergence, and 80–90% of all developing cotton fruiting structures were continually destroyed when the population was 2000 or more per acre. The wing traps captured 85% of the emerging overwintered weevils but were ineffective in controlling later generation weevils. Traps placed away from the field revealed extensive immigration of F1, F2, and F3 weevils into the area, apparently from distant cotton fields.
Jack A. Duncan: Twenty years with asgw

Abstract Jack Duncan discusses the Association for Specialists in Group Work, the advancements in the field over 20 years, and his personal approach and style as a group leader.
Completely localized and parallel iterative algorithms for shift-variant image deblurring

Two completely localized algorithms for deblurring shift-variant defocused images are presented. The algorithms exploit limited support domain of 2D shift-variant point spread functions (PSFs) to localize the deblurring process. Focused image at each pixel is modeled by a truncated Taylor-series polynomial and a localized equation is obtained which expresses the blurred image as a function of the focused image and its derivatives. This localized equation forms the basis of the two algorithms. The first algorithm iteratively improves the estimated focused image by directly evaluating the localized equation for a given blurred image. The second algorithm uses the localized equation in a gradient descent method to improve the focused image estimate. The algorithms use spatial derivatives of the estimate and hence exploit smoothness to reduce computation. However, no assumptions about the blurring PSFs such as circular symmetry or separability are required for computational efficiency. Due to complete localization, the algorithms are fully parallel, that is, focused image estimates at each pixel can be computed independently. Performance of the algorithms is compared quantitatively with other shift-variant image restoration techniques, both for computational efficiency and for robustness against noise. The new algorithms are found to be faster and do not produce any blocking artifacts that are present in sectioning methods for image restoration. Further, the algorithms are stable and work satisfactorily even in the presence of large blur. Simulation results of the algorithms are presented for both Cylindrical and Gaussian PSFs. The performance of the algorithms on real data is discussed.
Hydrated electron-initiated main-chain scission in peptides: an e.s.r. and spin-trapping study.

The reactions of hydrated electrons (eaq-) with 19 tripeptides were investigated. Hydrated electrons were produced by gamma-radiolysis of aqueous peptide solutions containing sufficient sodium formate to remove hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen atoms. t-Butanol was also used to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. The short-lived radicals formed by the reactions of eaq- with the peptides were spin-trapped with t-nitrosobutane to form stable nitroxide radicals and identified by e.s.r. spectroscopy. The tripeptides studied contained two glycine residues. Following the addition of eaq- to tripeptides, C-N bond scission was observed at three sites. Cleavage occurred between the nitrogen of the ammonium group and the alpha-carbon and between the nitrogen of the peptide linkage and the adjoining alpha-carbons. The radicals corresponding to each of these three types of scission were identified. From a comparison of the radical yields of the reaction of eaq- with ala, (ala)2, and poly-DL-ananine with an average degree of polymerization of 1800, it was shown that eaq-, can react with many carbonyl groups of poly-DL-alanine, leading to main-chain scission. Analogous reactions of eaq- with proteins and enzymes may be expected to lead to loss of biological activity.
Review of Statecraft Online Simulation

Statecraft is a multiweek, flexible online simulation that can be a useful supplement in both introductory and more advanced international relations classes. Learning the intricacies of the simulat...
Mössbauer studies of magnetic behavior of 3d-doped REBa2Cu3−x Fe x O7+δ (RE=Y, Er, Dy, Gd)

A Mossbauer study has been made on57Fe ions substituted into the Cu(1) site of REBa2Cu3−xFexO7+δ (RE=Y, Er, Dy, Gd;x=0.15, 0.30). At low temperature, the iron atoms antiferromagnetically order with a transition temperature which is dependent on the Fe concentration. The temperature dependence of the magnetic subspectra representing Fe ions with various local oxygen environments in YBa2Cu3−xFexO7+δ and ErBa2Cu3−xFexO7+δ fit a 2D-Ising model with a ratio of the anisotropic exchange between the two directions on the order of 0.5–1.0(10−3) for the Y-compounds and on the order of 1 for the Er-compounds. The magnitude of the local dopant magnetization is related to a short-range chemical order which determines the magnetic chain size and defines the correlation lengths. For the Y-compound, the order is quasi-1D with strong intrachain but very weak interchain coupling. For the Er-compounds, the magnetic coupling is Ising 2D. The strong fluctuation behavior expected in low dimensional systems above and belowTN is observed via characteristic relaxation in the Mossbauer linewidth nearTN. For both the Dy- and Gd-compounds, the magnetic order is 3D. The magnitude of the rare-earth magnetic moments appears to affect the character of the magnetic interaction in the Cu(1)-site. However, a Mossbauer effect measurement at155Gd nuclei in GdBa2Cu2.85Fe0.15O7+δ (TN(Fe)∼14 K) shows paramagnetic behavior at 4.9 K.
Functional properties of extruded-expelled soybean flours from value-enhanced soybeans

The functional properties (protein solubility, emulsification characteristics, foaming characteristics, water- and fatbinding capacities) of extruded-expelled (EE) soy flours originating from six varieties of value-enhanced soybeans (high-sucrose, high-cysteine, low-linolenic, low-saturated FA, high-oleic, and lipoxygenase-null) and two commodity soybeans were determined. The soy flours varied in protein disperisibility index (PDI) and residual oil (RO), with PDI values ranging from 32 to 50% and RO values ranging from 7.0 to 11.7%. Protein solubility was reduced at pH values near the isoelectric region and was higher at both low and high pH. There were no significant differences for water-holding capacity, fat-binding capacity, emulsification activity, or emulsification stability. Only the high-oleic soy flour had significantly lower emulsification capacity. In general, the PDI and RO values of EE soy flours originating from value-enhanced and commodity soybeans had the greatest influence on protein functionality. The genetic modifications largely did not affect functional properties.
Structure-function analysis of the 5′ end of yeast U1 snRNA highlights genetic interactions with the Msl5•Mud2 branchpoint-binding complex and other spliceosome assembly factors

Yeast pre-mRNA splicing initiates via formation of a complex comprising U1 snRNP bound at the 5′ splice site (5′SS) and the Msl5•Mud2 heterodimer engaged at the branchpoint (BP). Here, we present a mutational analysis of the U1 snRNA, which shows that although enlarging the 5′ leader between the TMG cap and the 3ACUUAC8 motif that anneals to the 5′SS is tolerated, there are tight constraints on the downstream spacer between 3ACUUAC8 and helix 1 of the U1 fold. We exploit U1 alleles with 5′ extensions, variations in the 3ACUUAC8 motif, downstream mutations and a longer helix 1 to discover new intra-snRNP synergies with U1 subunits Nam8 and Mud1 and the trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap. We describe novel mutations in U1 snRNA that bypass the essentiality of the DEAD-box protein Prp28. Structure-guided mutagenesis of Msl5 distinguished four essential amino acids that contact the BP sequence from nine other BP-binding residues that are inessential. We report new synthetic genetic interactions of the U1 snRNP with Msl5 and Mud2 and with the nuclear cap-binding subunit Cbc2. Our results fortify the idea that spliceosome assembly can occur via distinct genetically buffered microscopic pathways involving cross-intron-bridging interactions of the U1 snRNP•5′SS complex with the Mud2•Msl5•BP complex.
Targeted functional imaging of estrogen receptors with 99mTc-GAP-EDL.

Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of using 99mTc-glutamate peptide-estradiol in functional imaging of estrogen receptor-positive [ER(+)] diseases.
Architecture constraints for Interoperability and composability in a smart grid

This paper presents the Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model (LCIM) in the context of supporting composability, interoperability, and integratability of systems and identifies the architecture constraints for enterprise and systems architectures. While enterprise architectures set the conceptual context for the systems, the system architecture defines the implementation details. These research results allow practitioners to identify which metadata are needed and where they can be stored. Current research on composability and research shows that these metadata are necessary, but not sufficient to support interoperability and composability in a smart grid. Some of the related challenges even have been proven to be undecidable.
POTENTIATION OF INSULIN ACTION: A PROBABLE MECHANISM FOR THE ANTI-DIABETIC ACTION OF SULFONYLUREA DRUGS

Insulin action was assessed by measuring insulin-mediated glucose disposal (KI) in 13 non-ketotic diabetic patients both before treatment and after normalization of plasma glucose by diet (5 patients) or sulfonylurea (glipizide) therapy (8 patients). While the KI of the diet-treated group was unchanged by therapy, that of the glipizide-treated group was significantly increased. The data show that chronic glipizide therapy is associated with a potentiation of insulin action, which may account for the major anti-diabetic effect of this drug.