cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Making Photovoltaic Power Competitive with Grid Power

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are currently too expensive to compete with grid power. After discussing the cost breakdown of currently available PV technology, we analyze the retail prices of PV necessary to become competitive with grid-power in various geographic and economic scenarios. We also address to what extents a tax on carbon emissions as well as inherent cost reductions in PV may influence and achieve PV's competitiveness with grid-power. The analyses focus on the US, but may be suitably extended to other locations.
Vapor-Phase Treatment of Cotton, Fabrics with Formaldehyde Catalyzed by Sulfur Dioxide1

A process has been developed for cross-linking cotton fabrics with formaldehyde at temperatures between 80°C and 130°C using sulfur dioxide as a catalyst. Reaction times of 2-5 min are required. To obtain wrinkle recovery angles between 300° and 330°, fabrics should be pretreated with a soft film-forming additive. Wash-wear ratings of 41 2 and crease retention ratings of 4 were obtained with twill. Trouser cuffs made from twill or printcloth had approximately double the laundering life of cuffs of equal wash-wear ratings made with Permafresh. Fabrics treated with formaldehyde retained their wrinkle recovery values through at least 15 wash-dry cycles. Ammonium chloride, substituted for the sulfur dioxide catalyst, caused the desired amount of formaldehyde to react in 1-2 min. When zinc nitrate was substituted for sulfur dioxide, the reaction required 5-6 min.
Strain energy release rate determination of stress intensity factors by finite element methods

The stiffness derivative finite element technique is used to determine the Mode I stress intensity factors for three-crack configurations. The geometries examined include the double edge notch, single edge notch, and the center crack. The results indicate that when the specified guidelines of the Stiffness Derivative Method are used, a high degree of accuracy can be achieved with an optimized, relatively coarse finite element mesh composed of standard, four-node, plane strain, quadrilateral elements. The numerically generated solutions, when compared with analytical ones, yield results within 0.001 percent of each other for the double edge crack, 0.858 percent for the single edge crack, and 2.021 percent for the center crack.
Victim Participation and the Trial of Duch at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia

The trial of Kaing Guek Eav, alias Duch (Case 001), at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) was the first in the history of international criminal justice in which surviving victims of alleged crimes could participate directly in international criminal proceedings as civil parties. In this study, we interviewed all 75 civil parties residing in Cambodia, including those who had ultimately been denied civil party status at the conclusion of the trial in Case 001. The objective was to learn about their experiences in participating in the ECCC proceedings. The results are compared with data from a nationwide survey of the general population. The results show that the Cambodian civil parties viewed positively their overall experience of participating and testifying. However, civil parties who had their status denied felt anger, helplessness, shame, and worthlessness. Compared to the overall population who lived under the Khmer Rouge, civil parties were more negative about the impact of the trial on their (1) acceptance of loss and reaching closure, (2) forgiveness of the perpetrators, and (3) perceptions as to whether the trial had improved the rule of law in Cambodia. Many civil parties lacked understanding about key aspects of the trial, including sentencing. The results emphasize the importance of victims’ participation in the proceedings, but also suggest that participation alone is unlikely to bring about healing, closure, and reconciliation for the victims. Future international courts must develop the resources and mechanisms that ensure a meaningful and effective participation of victims, and engage participants in a dialogue over procedures and expectations.
Creating feedback loops to support organizational learning and knowledge management in inquiring organizations

Information technology both facilitates and exacerbates the need for organizations to manage growing information and knowledge bases. Soon, the only successful enterprises may be those who have successfully evolved into learning organizations. The philosophical bases underlying traditional decision support systems (DSSs) are ill-equipped either to handle this explosion of information in today's rapidly changing business environment, or to support a learning organization. A comprehensive knowledge management system (KMS) based on the philosophies of inquiring systems (ISs) allows organizational learning to occur by providing both decision support and management of existing and created knowledge. By combining the DSS paradigm with an IS, an organization is capable of designing a comprehensive KMS that fully supports learning within the organization. The development of such a system allows executives to rely more fully on the support system, freeing up valuable time to establish goals and to guide the organization to its ultimate success.
Advanced Technologies in Image-Guided Radiation Therapy

In addition to rapid developments in the use of stationary radiographs and computed tomography scans in treatment rooms, a variety of additional technologies is on the horizon to aid in guided treatment. Some of these (fluoroscopy and tomosynthesis) are variations on the use of existing hardware, whereas others (electromagnetic localization, magnetic resonance imaging) represent significant departures from recently adopted technologic concepts. This review introduces these methods and explores their potential for initial use in guidance.
How Online Citizen Journalism Publications and Online Newspapers Utilize the Objectivity Standard and Rely on External Sources

The present study utilized Shoemaker and Reese’s Hierarchy of Influences on media content to understand the relationship between publication types and their reliance on media routines. 3 Traditional journalists more likely conform to routines and thus behave in a more predictable manner This research utilizes Shoemaker and Reese’s Hierarchy of Influences to understand how routines influence online citizen journalism and online newspaper content. Reliance on routines affects the diversity of content publicly available. Overall, online daily newspaper journalists were more likely to rely on routines than online citizen journalists. Newspaper journalists relied more heavily on external sources, while citizen journalists used more unofficial sources and opinion. Thus, publication type is related to the presence of content that reflects media routines.
Street tree survival rates: Meta-analysis of previous studies and application to a field survey in Philadelphia, PA, USA

Abstract Low street tree survival rates and the resulting short lifespans are frequently discussed but inadequately quantified in urban forestry literature. This study addresses street tree survival rates with a meta-analysis of previous literature and a case study assessment of street trees in Philadelphia, USA 2–10 years after planting. Reported survivorship rates from 16 previous studies were compiled. Estimated annual survival rates for individual past studies were mostly above 91.0%. To estimate the annual street tree survival rate across multiple studies, a subset of previous studies was pooled for regression analysis of ln transformed cumulative survivorship vs. time since planting. Lifespan metrics were estimated using the annual survival rates determined from regression analysis. Based on the meta-analysis, we estimated that street tree annual survival rates ranged from 94.9 to 96.5%, and street tree population half-life ranged from 13 to 20 years. Estimated mean life expectancy ranged from 19 to 28 years, which is considerably longer than the 7- or 13-year street tree average lifespan reported in previous studies. Estimated annual survival rates and lifespan metrics were similar in the Philadelphia case study. Urban forest researchers are encouraged to use demographic concepts and analyses in the study of tree survival and mortality, and to monitor tree survival at repeated time intervals every few years.
Breed susceptibility for developmental orthopedic diseases in dogs.

A large-scale epidemiological study was conducted to determine breeds at risk for 12 developmental orthopedic diseases (DODs). Developmental orthopedic diseases investigated included canine hip dysplasia (CHD); craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO); fragmented coronoid process; hypertrophic osteodystrophy; Legg-Calve-Perthes disease; osteochondrosis of the medial humeral condyle, caudal humeral head, femoral condyles, and talar trochlear ridges; panosteitis; patella luxation; and ununited anconeal process. Dogs that were diagnosed with any one of the diseases of interest at any of 10 veterinary teaching hospitals participating in the Veterinary Medical Database from 1986 to 1995 were included as cases. Odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine risk. Frequency of diagnosis during the 10-year period ranged from 35 cases (CMO) to 10,637 cases (CHD). The number of breeds at increased risk for a disease ranged from one (CMO) to 35 (CHD). Breed susceptibility for a DOD may suggest a genetic component in the disease etiology. The results of this study serve to increase veterinarians' awareness of breeds susceptible to DODs and may facilitate the control of such diseases by identifying breeds that might benefit from breeding programs or environmental intervention such as dietary modification.
STUDIES ON MENINGOCOCCUS INFECTION : III. THE ANTIGENIC COMPLEX OF THE MENINGOCOCCUS-A TYPE-SPECIFIC SUBSTANCE.

Three fractions have been isolated from autolysates of the meningococcus. Of these, one, the type-specific substance, has been described in detail. The same type-specific substance appears to be present in Type I and Type III organisms, but a substance differing at least serologically has been obtained from Type II strains. Detailed chemical analysis of both of the type-specific substances thus far isolated is being carried out and will be the subject of a later paper.
Excess Commuting and the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem

Excess commuting has emerged during the past two decades as an important construct for evaluating the spatial relationships between employment and residential locations. During this time-period, there has been an on-going debate regarding how one should measure excess commuting in urban regions. This paper contributes to the debate by focusing on the spatial issues inherent in excess commuting evaluation. We demonstrate how scale and unit definition (the modifiable areal unit problem) are manifested in the assessment of excess commuting, both in theoretical and empirical terms. To this end, a geographical information systems-based analysis is presented which explores spatial sensitivities in the excess commuting measure. Our results show that aggregation and spatial unit definition may have profound impacts on the estimation of excess commuting. This work provides a formal resolution to much of the recent debate regarding estimates of excess commuting in urban regions.
Speaking for the institution: A fourth production site for group members' influence attempts

Analysis of the transcript of a jury’s deliberations reveals a fourth production site for influence attempts beyond the three identified by Meyers and Brashers. The fourth site involves influence attempts by jurors to uphold the interests of a particular Court and a particular proceeding, and perhaps the interests of the larger judicial system. This gives the Institution a place at the table as an agent of influence, something that arguably generalizes beyond juries to all task groups embedded within organizations. The main part of the analysis identifies three main functions that were served by making the Institution’s presence at the table felt—directives, correctives of others’ positions and arguments, and justifications of positions and arguments. In addition, the analysis identifies two main ways that participants marked shifts in footing from speaking in their own voice to speaking in the Institution’s voice. The first is the use of direct quotations of the Court’s instructions. The second is the us...
Resting-state functional connectivity predicts longitudinal change in autistic traits and adaptive functioning in autism

Although typically identified in early childhood, the social communication symptoms and adaptive behavior deficits that are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) persist throughout the lifespan. Despite this persistence, even individuals without cooccurring intellectual disability show substantial heterogeneity in outcomes. Previous studies have found various behavioral assessments [such as intelligence quotient (IQ), early language ability, and baseline autistic traits and adaptive behavior scores] to be predictive of outcome, but most of the variance in functioning remains unexplained by such factors. In this study, we investigated to what extent functional brain connectivity measures obtained from resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) could predict the variance left unexplained by age and behavior (follow-up latency and baseline autistic traits and adaptive behavior scores) in two measures of outcome--adaptive behaviors and autistic traits at least 1 y postscan (mean follow-up latency = 2 y, 10 mo). We found that connectivity involving the so-called salience network (SN), default-mode network (DMN), and frontoparietal task control network (FPTCN) was highly predictive of future autistic traits and the change in autistic traits and adaptive behavior over the same time period. Furthermore, functional connectivity involving the SN, which is predominantly composed of the anterior insula and the dorsal anterior cingulate, predicted reliable improvement in adaptive behaviors with 100% sensitivity and 70.59% precision. From rs-fcMRI data, our study successfully predicted heterogeneity in outcomes for individuals with ASD that was unaccounted for by simple behavioral metrics and provides unique evidence for networks underlying long-term symptom abatement.
An Exploratory Analysis of Work Engagement, Satisfaction, and Depression in Psychiatry Residents

Objectives This exploratory study aims to measure work engagement levels in psychiatry residents at three psychiatry residency programs using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). In addition, the study investigates the relationship between total engagement and its subscales, resident satisfaction, and a depression screen.
Stability of the Norm-Eigenfunctions of the $${p(\cdot)}$$-Laplacian

We investigate the stability of the Dirichlet eigenfunctions for the \({p(\cdot)}\)-Laplacian under perturbations of the variable-exponent \({p(\cdot)}\).
Eyes Wide Open: Nonprofits and Public-Private Partnerships

Numerous programmatic, practical, and legal issues confront nonprofit organizations and their counsel when pursuing public-private partnerships. For charitable nonprofits and their lawyers, legal analyses uniquely begin with how collaborations facilitate pursuit of charitable purposes and avoiding impermissible private benefit. At least three sets of issues arise distinctly because government is involved: managing liability including in the context of sovereign immunity, ensuring appropriate openness, and perceptions of abdication or undue influence. Two areas of concern common to all participants are conflicts of interest and intellectual property. Regarding conflicts, understanding varying interests, objectives and risk tolerances is paramount to determining whether to manage conflicts of interest and how. Regarding IP, parties need to pay attention to their respective rights in and to the partnership’s work product, factoring in that government is often subject to principles and laws that cover how it must address IP it funds. Data and privacy mandates present their own IP challenges as does consideration of how participants might exploit and protect their reputations and that of the collaboration.
Bow spring/tendon actuation for low cost haptic interfaces

This paper describes a novel bow spring and tendon actuator design for a haptic interface that provides high-bandwidth force transmission to the fingers, with a large range of motion. This is combined with a low-cost stepper motor and a low-cost optical encoder, along with self-calibration and control compensation to produce a smooth force source with excellent hard virtual wall rendering capabilities. Four techniques are discussed to compensate for bow spring, friction, and ripple torques in the actuator. Experimental results quantify the achieved force rendering quality of each technique, and provide a measure of hard virtual surface rendering quality in one degree of freedom.
Three new species of Colicus (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Venezuela.

Colicus nesudatus , n. sp., holotype off Akodon urichi; Colicus inexcitus , n. sp.. holotype off Dasyprocta fuliginosa ; and Colicus vesudor , n. sp., holotype off Proechimys guyannensis , are described and figured. A key to the species of Colicus is given.
Corporate Style versus Corporate Image

> The corporate image is usually derived from a study of the collective impressions of a population; the corporate style, from observation of the behavior of the firm. This article describes a factor analytic study of selected business data by which some attributes believed to constitute the style are identified. The corporate image is a familiar concept to marketing, advertising, and public relations people. Business managements are presumed to be vitally interested in the collective opinions of their firms held by their various publics. To project a favorable image, management sponsors costly advertising and publicity campaigns, stockholder relations programs, charitable giving, changes in product packaging and display, etc., hoping to attain corporate objectives such as greater sales volume, greater market share, improved brand loyalty, or others. The corporate image is based on the collective impressions of many people of the firm. These impressions are derived partly from an individual's personal contacts with the firm, partly from hearsay, partly from mass communication media and partly from psychological predispositions not controlled by the firm. Corporate image studies typically explore the unique characteristics of the subject firms: the color of the president's hair, the shine on his shoes, the cut of his clothes, his manner of speech at public and stockholders' meetings, the behavior and appearance of the firm's sales representatives, the decoration of its plants and offices, the styling and design of its products and packaging, the themes of its advertising and publicity and thousands of other minute details are signals perceived by observers. Students of the corporate image have tried to detect regularities in the images held by a firm's customers. For example, A. J. Spector reported the following as
Primary Dermatologic Findings With Early-Onset Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

Background Primary dermatologic findings are not thought to be associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. We report on a patient with twins who presented with a pruritic rash and cholestasis. Case A woman with a twin gestation and two previous term stillbirths developed a pruritic rash at 16 weeks. Scleral icterus and jaundice were observed at 27 weeks. Elevated bile acid levels confirmed a diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and ursodeoxycholic acid therapy was initiated. Fetal heart rate decelerations were noted at 32 4/7 weeks, prompting delivery of two live male newborns. Declining laboratory values and resolution of rash occurred within a few days of delivery. Conclusion This case illustrates an unusual presentation of recurrent cholestasis of pregnancy in a twin gestation with primary dermatologic findings.
Effect of Preparation and Impurities on The Size and Shape of The Crystallites and on The Crystal Symmetry of Superionic PbSnF4

The highest performance fluoride ion conductor, PbSnF4, has been applied for the fabrication of an ambient temperature amperometric oxygen sensor, where it is used in the polycrystalline form. However, the structure of this material is highly anisotropic, thus one could expect polycrystalline samples to give a performance strongly dependent on crystallite direction. We have shown that the tin electronic structure has a very strong influence on the local structure, which determines the preferred direction of crystal growth, which is itself responsible for the crystal shape. This, in turn, determines the direction of preferred orientation, which can dramatically alter the properties relative to a randomly oriented sample. The effect of minor impurities on the size of the crystallites and on the crystalline symmetry has been studied.
Attitude-Behavior Consistency in Children's Responses to Television Advertising

The authors examine the conditions under which children are likely to make attitude-consistent choices in response to a television commercial. Two experiments show that children's age and the deman...
Advances in the management of infertility in men with spinal cord injury

Couples with a spinal cord injured male partner require assisted ejaculation techniques to collect semen that can then be further used in various assisted reproductive technology methods to achieve a pregnancy. The majority of men sustaining a spinal cord injury regardless of the cause or the level of injury cannot ejaculate during sexual intercourse. Only a small minority can ejaculate by masturbation. Penile vibratory stimulation and electroejaculation are the two most common methods used to retrieve sperm. Other techniques such as prostatic massage and the adjunct application of other medications can be used, but the results are inconsistent. Surgical sperm retrieval should be considered as a last resort if all other methods fail. Special attention must be paid to patients with T6 and rostral levels of injury due to the risk of autonomic dysreflexia resulting from stimulation below the level of injury. Bladder preparation should be performed before stimulation if retrograde ejaculation is anticipated. Erectile dysfunction is ubiquitous in the spinal cord injured population but is usually easily managed and does not pose a barrier to semen retrieval in these men. Semen analysis parameters of men with spinal cord injury are unique for this population regardless of the method of retrieval, generally presenting as normal sperm concentration but abnormally low sperm motility and viability. When sperm retrieval is desired in this population, emphasis should be placed on initially trying the simple methods of penile vibratory stimulation or electroejaculation before resorting to more advanced and invasive surgical procedures.
Rim Effects in the Adsorption of CO2 on Silica-Supported Copper Oxide Clusters: Identifying Active Sites Utilizing Electron Beam Lithography

Electron beam lithography (EBL) was used to nanofabricate so-called model-nanoarray catalysts, which consist of a predetermined lattice of clusters. In doing so, 12, 35, and 63 nm Cu clusters, supp...
Prompt effect of adrenal stimulation on the free amino acid content of rat tissues

SummaryThe effect within 2 hours of adrenocorticotropin and adrenal hormone administration on the free amino acid content of rat tissues was determined. Liver and kidney showed a significant increase following administration of either hormone preparation and the adrenals showed an increase following adrenocorticotropin administration.
An Assessment of a Pilot Asthma Education Program for Childcare Workers in a High-Prevalence County

OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in knowledge, attitudes, and intentions among childcare workers before and after an asthma-management-education session. METHODS: Between May and August 2004 five asthma-education sessions were provided for childcare workers from Sonoma County, California. A total of 71 childcare workers came to the sessions. Before and after each session we assessed the participants9 knowledge, attitudes, and intentions about asthma. RESULTS: Participant knowledge of asthma causes (eg, air quality, common cold) and interventions (eg, bronchodilators), asthma trigger control plans, ability to identify a child who needs medical attention for asthma, and comfort level with caring for a child with asthma increased significantly. Their knowledge about asthma triggers, early warning signs, and asthma control plans was high before and after the asthma education intervention. Their stated intentions to utilize their asthma knowledge were high before and after the training, which may indicate willingness to implement knowledge and attitude change. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma education can improve childcare workers9 knowledge about asthma-control strategies and attitudes toward asthma interventions.
Quality Assurance in Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),as a fast growing technique,is playing an important role in diagnostic healthcare.The success of a good clinical MRI service plays great emphasis on quality assurance(QA) on the medical equipment,so that all the specifications and imaging parameters could meet the preset criteria.It is also important to make sure the equipment is working effectively and precisely under a safe environment.The quality assurance heavily relies on the collaboration from a core team of radiologists,physicists,radiological technologists and service personnel.MRI QA covers a broad spectrum of site management,image acquisition and measurement of daily model,safety control,etc.One of the key components of QA is quality control(QC) of MRI to assure the accuracy and reliability of system operation.This paper will cover the technical details of the multiple aspects of quality assurance in MRI.
In vivo time domain optical imaging of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury: discrimination based on fluorescence lifetime.

Fluorescence lifetime is an intrinsic parameter of the fluorescent probe, independent of the probe concentration but sensitive to changes in the surrounding microenvironment. Therefore, fluorescenc...
Emotion, Sociality, and the Brain’s Default Mode Network: Insights for Educational Practice and Policy

Education research—for example, on character, stereotype threat, and identity-based motivation—demonstrates that social and emotional factors influence students’ cognitive abilities and academic ac...
Listeria Species in Commercially Broken Raw Liquid Whole Egg1,2

Commercially broken raw liquid whole egg (LWE) was obtained from 11 processing establishments across the United States on 3 or 4 occasions over an eight-month period. The samples were evaluated for the presence of Listeria species by the FDA, USDA, and cold enrichment procedures. Forty-five Listeria isolates were obtained from 15 of 42 (36%) egg samples. Both the USDA and FDA methods were useful for isolation of Listeria species, resulting in 12 and 8 positive samples, respectively. Six samples were positive by both procedures. Listeria was isolated from one sample by cold enrichment. The most frequently isolated species was L. innocua , which was found in all (15) of the listeriae-positive samples. L. monocytogenes was the only other species isolated and was obtained from 5% (2) of the egg samples. The USDA and FDA procedures each yielded one L. monocytogenes -positive sample. The two L. monocytogenes -positive samples contained estimated populations of 1 and 8 CFU L. monocytogenes /ml and were obtained from the same plant during the spring and early summer sampling times. Twelve (80%) of the 15 Listeria -positive samples were solids-adjusted LWE. Thus, Listeria species, including the psychrotrophic pathogen L. monocytogenes , are present in commercially broken raw LWE.
Complex recovery: Understanding the lives of formerly homeless adults with complex needs

Objective: This report examines mental health recovery in a population neglected in the literature – formerly homeless adults with serious mental illness and co-occurring substance abuse. The term ‘complex recovery’ is used to examine the onset and impact of various types of adversity over the life course.Method: Burawoy's extended case method was conducted on in-depth interviews with 74 formerly homeless adults living in housing programs in New York City. Data included verbatim transcripts, interviewer feedback forms, and case summaries.Results: Seven themes emerged: the longstanding influence of poverty, childhood hardship, social support and network depletion, substance abuse and recovery, unequal impact of gender differences, experiences of incarceration and fragmented service system. Structural as well as individual factors were found to comprise complex recovery.Conclusions: Complex recovery, which situates mental health recovery amidst homelessness and other forms of adversity, has implications for...
Resolution of Otitis Media With Effusion in Children With Cleft Palate Followed Through Five Years of Age.

Objective: To describe the temporal pattern of otitis media with effusion (OME) resolution for a cohort of nonsyndromic cleft palate children enrolled before palatoplasty and followed through 5 years of age. Design: This is a prospective, longitudinal study of the time course for OME resolution in infants and children with palatal clefts. Setting: Cleft Palate Craniofacial Center of a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Participants: This study included 52 children with cleft palate (29 boys, 45 white, Veau 1 through 4) who had a Furlow-type palatoplasty between 10 and 24 months of age performed by one of six surgeons. Interventions: Standard cleft palate management was supplemented with study visits to the research clinic pre- and postpalatoplasty and then yearly to 6 years of age for assessments of middle ear status by interval history, otoscopy, and tympanometry. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome measure was age at otitis media resolution defined as the age in years at the first in a sequence of “di...
Vaginal birth after caesarean at home in England: an opportunity for shared decision-making

Commentary on: Rowe R, Li Y, Knight M, et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes in women planning vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) at home in England: secondary analysis of the Birthplace national prospective cohort study. BJOG 2016;123:1123–32.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] Although current guidelines suggest that women with a previous caesarean plan a VBAC in an obstetric unit (OU), a small proportion of women plan a VBAC at home with a midwife. Few studies to date have reported outcomes for women … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBJOG%26rft.volume%253D123%26rft.spage%253D1123%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1111%252F1471-0528.13546%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26213223%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1111/1471-0528.13546&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=26213223&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F19%2F4%2F115.atom
Early Detection of ADHD: Insights From Infant Siblings of Children With Autism.

Converging evidence suggests shared genetic underpinnings of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies of infants at risk for ASD have proliferated over the past decade; the few studies that have followed these infants beyond age 3 report a range of difficulties facing a subset of these infants as they reach school age, including elevated levels of attention problems and externalizing behavior. Given this, we aimed to identify early predictors of school-age ADHD outcomes in a sample of infant siblings at risk for ASD. This study reports on a sample of 59 infants at high and low risk for ASD who had been followed for more than a decade, collecting data at regular intervals from 3 to 36 months and then determining diagnostic outcome at 8–10 years of age. Seventeen participants were diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) ADHD at school age (n = 14 high risk, 3 low risk). As infants, the ADHD outcome group demonstrated a...
Prolonged Second Stage: What Is the Optimal Length?

Importance Prolonged second stage of labor is a clinical dilemma in which controversy exists on whether extending labor in nulliparous women with epidural anesthesia decreases the incidence of cesarean delivery without increasing maternal or neonatal risks. Objective This narrative review was conducted to assess the current literature on management of and risks associated with a prolonged second stage in nulliparous women with epidurals. Evidence acquisition A review of the current literature was performed to evaluate the incidence of cesarean delivery and the maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results A total of 11.5% of nulliparous women with epidurals have a prolonged second stage; 80.2% of these women deliver vaginally. There is 1 randomized controlled trial on prolonged second stage in nulliparous women with epidurals. In this study, extending the second stage beyond current guidelines decreased the incidence of cesarean delivery by 55% and did not increase maternal or neonatal risks. Most patients (75.6%) with a prolonged second stage delivered by 5 hours and had a vaginal delivery (80.5%). Women with a fetus in occiput anterior position or who presented in spontaneous labor had decreased risk of cesarean delivery (by 83% and 89%, respectively). Maternal risks include postpartum hemorrhage, chorioamnionitis, and third- and fourth-degree lacerations. Neonatal risks may have a small absolute increase. Conclusions and relevance The change of a vaginal delivery is high (over 80%) beyond 3 hours in the second stage. Maternal and neonatal risks need to be further explored by larger, better-designed retrospective reviews or trials.
Does Social Capital Matter on Social Media? An Examination Into Negative e-WOM Toward Competing Brands

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate how the use of social media contributes to the creation and dynamic process of social capital. By employing social capital theory, the study examined three dimensions of social capital (social interaction tie, community trust, and shared vision) and investigated the relationships between social capital, brand trust, brand loyalty, and negative e-word-of-mouth (e-WOM) about competing brands on restaurants’ Facebook fan pages. Data was collected with 242 student samples and analyzed with structural equation modeling. Our findings indicated that all the three dimensions significantly contribute to social capital. Social capital has a significantly positive effect on brand trust, which in turn positively affects brand loyalty. However, no significant relationship was found between brand trust and negative e-WOM about competing brands. The study enriches the research body of social capital theory and provides marketers strategies of designing Facebook fan pages.
Clinical outcomes of sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas based on tumor etiology.

Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the sinonasal cavity is a rare entity that arises as either de-novo tumors or from inverted papillomas (IPs). In this study we evaluate and compare oncologic outcomes of sinonasal SCCs based on their etiology and treatment strategy. Methods This investigation was a single-center, retrospective review comparing de-novo SCCs (n = 28) and those associated with IPs (n = 38) resected during the period from 2000 to 2015. Demographic and tumor data, surgical approach, recurrence, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results There was no statistical difference when comparing age, smoking history, tumor origin, or tumor stage of our patients with de-novo sinonasal SCC (DN-SCC) vs IP-transformed SCC (IP-SCC). IP-SCC tumors demonstrated better overall survival (p = 0.065) and disease-specific survival (p = 0.041) compared with DN-SCC. Early T-stage IP-SCC tumors had better disease-free survival compared with early T-stage DN-SCC tumors (p = 0.002). Distant metastasis was an independent prognostic factor of worse disease-specific survival (p = 0.002). SCC disease-specific survival was not affected by surgical resection technique. Conclusion SCC tumors arising from IPs appear to have improved disease-specific survival compared with de-novo sinonasal SCC tumors. The oncologic differences between the 2 groups are found primarily among the early-stage tumors.
AnnoFin–A hybrid algorithm to annotate financial text

Abstract In this work, we study the problem of annotating a large volume of Financial text by learning from a small set of human-annotated training data. The training data is prepared by randomly selecting some text sentences from the large corpus of financial text. Conventionally, bootstrapping algorithm is used to annotate large volume of unlabeled data by learning from a small set of annotated data. However, the small set of annotated data have to be carefully chosen as seed data. Thus, our approach is a digress from the conventional approach of bootstrapping as we let the users randomly select the seed data. We show that our proposed algorithm has an accuracy of 73.56% in classifying the financial texts into the different categories (“Accounting”, “Cost”, “Employee”, “Financing”, “Sales”, “Investments”, “Operations”, “Profit”, “Regulations” and “Irrelevant”) even when the training data is just 30% of the total data set. Additionally, the accuracy improves by an approximate average of 2% for an increase of the training data by 10% and the accuracy of our system is 77.91% when the training data is about 50% of the total data set. As a dictionary of hand chosen keywords prepared by domain experts are often used for financial text extraction, we assumed the existence of almost linearly separable hyperplanes between the different classes and therefore, we have used Linear Support Vector Machine along with a modified version of Label Propagation Algorithm which exploits the notion of neighborhood (in Euclidean space) for classification. We believe that our proposed techniques will be of help to Early Warning Systems used in banks where large volumes of unstructured texts need to be processed for better insights about a company.
Withdrawal-induced escalated oxycodone self-administration is mediated by kappa opioid receptor function

Background: Prescription opioid addiction is a significant health problem characterized by compulsive drug seeking, withdrawal and chronic relapse. We investigated the neurobiological consequences of escalation of prescription opioid use using extended access to intravenous oxycodone self-administration in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats acquired oxycodone self-administration (0.15 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) in 1h or 12h access sessions. Electrophysiological and immunohistochemical studies investigated the effects of oxycodone self-administration on kappa opioid receptor (KOR) regulation of GABAergic signaling and dynorphin expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Results: Rats given 12h access to oxycodone for 5 sessions/week (LgA) escalated their responding more than rats given 1h oxycodone (ShA) or 12h saline access. Slowed escalation of responding was found in rats given 12h access for 7 sessions/week (LgA-7day) or rats pretreated with the KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphamine dihydrochloride (norBNI) before LgA (norBNI+LgA). The KOR agonist U-50488 decreased GABA release in CeA neurons of all groups except LgA. norBNI increased GABA release in control group neurons, suggesting tonic KOR activity. This activity was abolished in ShA, norBNI+LgA, and LgA-7day rat neurons, consistent with decreased CeA dynorphin immunoreactivity observed in LgA-7day rats. However, norBNI effects were reversed (decreased CeA GABA release) in LgA rat neurons. Conclusions: The experience of intermittent extended withdrawal periods accelerates the escalation of oxycodone self-administration and causes greater dysregulation of CeA KOR-mediated GABAergic signaling. A KOR agonist/antagonist switch effect seen with other drugs of abuse was absent, which suggests that oxycodone-induced neuroadaptations may be distinct from those resulting from other drugs of abuse.
A comparison between urban academic health care center and rural community faculty members in approaches to IPE

Abstract The objective of this study is to compare attitudes and approaches to interprofessional education (IPE) between urban and rural faculty and includes description of barriers for teaching collaborative team-based care. A qualitative comparison of interview data comparing rural community based physician and pharmacy faculty members with their academic health center counterparts found a shared interest in IPE. The groups differed, however, in their methods of teaching IPE. Some of these differences appear to be driven by the differences in nature of the two types of practices. There is some evidence that lack of preparation for teaching IPE is greater among rural community than among academic health care center faculty members, suggesting an opportunity for focused faculty development efforts in this area. This is a compelling issue as health care education programs continually seek preceptors for clinical experiences that provide learners with exposure to interprofessional team-based practice in a variety of settings.
Family leisure satisfaction and satisfaction with family life.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family leisure satisfaction and satisfaction with family life. Zabriskie's Family Leisure Activity Profile was used to measure fami...
Recurrent Laryngeal Cancer

Laryngeal cancers are typically located in the glottis and involve the true vocal cords. FDG PET/MR imaging is an excellent modality in the preoperative evaluation of laryngeal tumors, assessing for disease recurrence and may offer prognostic information by identifying patients at increased risk for poorer outcome.
Ultrafast Inorganic Scintillators for Gigahertz Hard X-Ray Imaging

Gigahertz hard X-ray imaging for the proposed matter-radiation interaction in extreme project presents an unprecedented challenge to front imager in both speed and radiation hardness. Novel fast scintillators are to be developed to face these challenges. This paper presents an investigation on the optical and scintillation properties for a set of fast inorganic scintillators. Transmittance, emission, light output, and decay time were measured. Based on this investigation, we plan to take two approaches to develop inorganic scintillators with subnanoseconds of decay time for the gigahertz hard X-ray imaging. One is yttrium-doped barium fluoride single crystals, and another is based on gallium-doped ZnO nanoparticles.
Internet and Social Media Access Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Mixed-Methods Study

Background: Youth experiencing homelessness are at a risk for a variety of adverse outcomes. Given the widespread use of the internet and social media, these new technologies may be used to address their needs and for outreach purposes. However, little is known about how this group uses these resources. Objective: This study investigated how homeless adolescents use these technologies for general and health-related purposes, whether the scope of their use changes with housing status, and their interest in a website dedicated to youth experiencing homelessness. Methods: A convenience sample of youth aged 18 to 21 years was recruited from a youth-specific homeless shelter. All participants completed a 47-item survey, with 10 individuals completing a semistructured interview. Descriptive statistics, exact testing, logistic regression, and generalized estimating equation modeling was performed for quantitative data analysis. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and NVivo 10 (QSR International) was employed to facilitate double coding and thematic analysis. Results: A total of 87 participants completed the survey with a mean age of 19.4 (SD 1.1) years. While experiencing homelessness, 56% (49/87) accessed the internet at least once a day, with 86% (75/87) accessing once a week. Access to a smartphone was associated with a 3.03 greater odds of accessing the internet and was the most frequently used device (66% of participants, 57/87). While experiencing homelessness, subjects reported a 68% decreased odds in internet access frequency (odds ratio [OR] 0.32, P<.001), 75% decreased odds in spending greater amounts of time on the internet (OR 0.25, P<.001), and an 87% decreased odds of social media use (OR 0.13, P=.01). Ten participants completed the semistructured interview. Several themes were identified, including (1) changes in internet behaviors while experiencing homelessness, (2) health status as a major concern and reason for Internet use, and (3) interest in a website dedicated to youth experiencing homelessness. While experiencing homelessness, participants indicated their behaviors were more goal-oriented and less focused on leisure or entertainment activities. Conclusions: While homeless youth experience changes in the frequency, amount of time, and specific uses of the internet and social media, study participants were able to access the internet regularly. The internet was used to search health-related topics. Given the importance of smartphones in accessing the internet, mobile-optimized websites may be an effective method for reaching this group.
Total mandibular alveolar osteotomy: Encouraging experiences with an infrequently indicated procedure

Summary Anterior mandibular alveolar osteotomy, as described by Hofer (1942), is a time-honored technique utilized in the correction of a variety of maxillo-mandibular disharmonies. Mobilization of the mandibular alveolar process further distally, certainly as far distally as the 3rd molar region, would seem to have very few indications. Mobilization of the entire alveolar process in this fashion, however, has proved successful in several situations, most predominantly infantile apertognathia. The author views mandibular condylar agenesis/hypoplasia and regression subsequent to mandibular repositioning through the ramus as other indications. Trauma to the inferior alveolar nerve is the most prominent theoretical and actual undesirable effect of this surgery, but, in all cases treated thus far, post-operative paresthesias have been transient. Maintenance of the desired occlusion with no suggestion of regressive tendency (longest postoperative period 27 months) is the major advantage of the technique. Review of the European and American literature suggests that total mandibular osteotomy has not been previously reported.
‘Essence’ and Creatures

“God gave existence to the things that He created from nothing … to some more, to others less; and so He ordered the natures of essences in hierarchical fashion: “rebus quas ex nihilo creavit, esse dedit … aliis dedit esse amplius, aliis minus, atque ita naturas essentiarum gradibus ordinavit.”1 For Augustine what does this word “essence” mean? Obviously this raises a question of philology, even though its philosophical significance be purely propadeutical.