cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological characteristics of measles and progress of measles elimination in Baoding City in 2010

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles and progress of measles elimination in Baoding City in 2010,provide a scientific basis for measles elimination by 2012.[Methods]By using the data reported from the Measles surveillance information management reporting system,the epidemiological characteristics of measles and the measures toward measles elimination in Baoding City in 2010 were analyzed by of descriptive epidemiology.[Results]The incidence rate of measles(26.61/lakh) rose greatly in Baoding City in 2010,which increased by 393% compared with 2009,and was the highest since implementation of measles surveillance in 1999.The peak season was March to May.The most of cases occurred in mountainous area counties and county-level cities.Patients mainly were children under 2 years old,followed by children aged 3-5 years old and people aged 20-34 years old.[Conclusion]The target of measles elimination by 2012 is in a severe situation in Baoding City.It is necessary to seriouslyimplement the measures of the National measles elimination plan,enhance the routine immunization coverage rate and the timely vaccination rate of first dose,strengthen the immunization program management in key areas and high-risk population,carry out the epidemic survey and disposal,and improve the sensitivity and specifiCity of the measles surveillance system.
Evaluation of periparturient dairy cows and contact surfaces as a reservoir of Cryptosporidium parvum for calfhood infection

Objective To determine whether periparturient cows or contact surfaces to which newborn calves are exposed are reservoirs of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Animals Periparturient cows and their calves. Procedure Using direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) and acid-fast (AF) assays, fecal samples taken before and after calving from periparturient cows were tested for C parvum oocysts. Fecal samples from calves were collected every other day from age 7 to 21 days and were tested by use of the AF assay. Topsoil from close-up and maternity pens and scrapings from wooden walls and floors of calf hutches were tested for C parvum oocysts by use of DFA assay. Results None of the 384 fecal samples obtained 1 to 21 days before or after calving or on the day of calving from 154 periparturient cows contained detectable C parvum oocysts. Despite this lack of detectable periparturient shedding, the period prevalence of calfhood infection was 92% (123/134) from age 7 to 21 days. Soil samples from the close-up and maternity pens where newborn calves spend the first 12 hours of life also were negative for C parvum oocysts. Wood scrap ings from the outer 2 mm of the walls and floors of empty and cleaned calf hutches that were ready to receive calves were C parvum oocyst-positive. Conclusions Conditional on sensitivity of DFA, periparturient cows did not appear to shed detectable C parvum oocysts. In contrast, the floors and walls of wooden calf hutches contained detectable C parvum oocysts on the surface.
Adam Smith at 240: A Symposium

This paper introduces a series of four papers on Adam Smith. It commemorates the 240th anniversary of the publication of the Wealth of Nations.
Quantum matter built from atoms and photons in nanoscopic dielectric lattices

New paradigms for optical physics emerge from the integration of ultra-cold atoms with photonic crystal waveguides. I will review progress and prospects in this emerging field at the interfaces of nano-photonics, atomic physics, and quantum optics.
Modulation of excitation on parvalbumin interneurons by neuroligin-3 regulates the hippocampal network

Hippocampal network activity is generated by a complex interplay between excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. Although much is known about the molecular properties of excitatory synapses on pyramidal cells, comparatively little is known about excitatory synapses on interneurons. Here we show that conditional deletion of the postsynaptic cell adhesion molecule neuroligin-3 in parvalbumin interneurons causes a decrease in NMDA-receptor-mediated postsynaptic currents and an increase in presynaptic glutamate release probability by selectively impairing the inhibition of glutamate release by presynaptic Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors. As a result, the neuroligin-3 deletion altered network activity by reducing gamma oscillations and sharp wave ripples, changes associated with a decrease in extinction of contextual fear memories. These results demonstrate that neuroligin-3 specifies the properties of excitatory synapses on parvalbumin-containing interneurons by a retrograde trans-synaptic mechanism and suggest a molecular pathway whereby neuroligin-3 mutations contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders.
SK channel inhibition mediates the initiation and amplitude modulation of synchronized burst firing in the spinal cord

This study demonstrates that cholinergic inhibition or direct blockade of small conductance Ca2+-activated potassium (SK) channels facilitates burst firing in spinal motoneurons. The data provide a...
CommunityGuard: A Crowdsourced Home Cyber-Security System

In this paper, we propose and implement CommunityGuard, a system which comprises of intelligent Guardian Nodes that learn and prevent malicious traffic from coming into and going out of a user's personal area network. In the CommunityGuard model, each Guardian Node tells others about emerging threats, blocking these threats for all users as soon as they begin. Furthermore, Guardian Nodes regularly update themselves with latest threat models to provide effective security against new and emerging threats. Our evaluation proves that CommunityGuard provides immunity against a range of incoming and outgoing attacks at all points of time with an acceptable impact on network performance. Oftentimes, the sources of DDoS attack traffic are personal devices that have been compromised without the owner's knowledge. We have modeled CommunityGuard to prevent such outgoing DDoS traffic on a wide scale which can hamstring the otherwise very frightening prospects of crippling DDoS attacks.
Proliferation of PD-1+ CD8 T cells in peripheral blood after PD-1-targeted therapy in lung cancer patients.

Exhausted T cells in chronic infections and cancer have sustained expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). Therapies that block the PD-1 pathway have shown promising clinical results in a significant number of advanced-stage cancer patients. Nonetheless, a better understanding of the immunological responses induced by PD-1 blockade in cancer patients is lacking. Identification of predictive biomarkers is a priority in the field, but whether peripheral blood analysis can provide biomarkers to monitor or predict patients’ responses to treatment remains to be resolved. In this study, we analyzed longitudinal blood samples from advanced stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (n = 29) receiving PD-1–targeted therapies. We detected an increase in Ki-67+ PD-1+ CD8 T cells following therapy in ∼70% of patients, and most responses were induced after the first or second treatment cycle. This T-cell activation was not indiscriminate because we observed only minimal effects on EBV-specific CD8 T cells, suggesting that responding cells may be tumor specific. These proliferating CD8 T cells had an effector-like phenotype (HLA-DR+, CD38+, Bcl-2lo), expressed costimulatory molecules (CD28, CD27, ICOS), and had high levels of PD-1 and coexpression of CTLA-4. We found that 70% of patients with disease progression had either a delayed or absent PD-1+ CD8 T-cell response, whereas 80% of patients with clinical benefit exhibited PD-1+ CD8 T-cell responses within 4 wk of treatment initiation. Our results suggest that peripheral blood analysis may provide valuable insights into NSCLC patients’ responses to PD-1–targeted therapies.
Nodular oncocytic hyperplasia: Can cytomorphology allow for the preoperative diagnosis of a nonneoplastic salivary disease?

BACKGROUND Nodular oncocytic hyperplasia (oncocytosis) of the salivary glands is a benign process that does not inherently require surgical excision. However, cytologic findings in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of oncocytosis cases have not been well characterized previously, limiting preoperative identification. METHODS All available cases of oncocytosis with corresponding FNA specimens were identified from the pathology archives of 3 academic institutions. Clinical, cytologic, and histologic findings were tabulated for all cases. RESULTS Twelve cases of oncocytosis were identified from 11 patients, including 11 parotid FNA specimens and 1 submandibular FNA specimen. On the original diagnoses, 6 specimens were classified as benign, 4 as atypical, and 2 as nondiagnostic. Oncocytosis was listed in the differential diagnosis in only 1 case. Among diagnostic aspirates, 8 demonstrated low cellularity and 2 demonstrated moderate cellularity. All 10 cases demonstrated oncocytic cells in small to medium groups, with single cells in just 1 case. Spindled and squamous morphology were each noted in 3 cases. Four cases demonstrated cystic change and 1 showed background mucin without goblet cells. No necrosis or mitoses were observed. CONCLUSIONS Although oncocytosis demonstrates some overlap with Warthin tumor and oncocytoma, it lacks the diagnostic findings specific to oncocytic salivary gland malignancies such as salivary duct carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, mammary analog secretory carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Despite current limitations in the understanding of oncocytic salivary gland lesions, the presence of a paucicellular specimen comprised of small groups of oncocytic cells should raise the possibility of oncocytosis in the differential diagnosis and can favor it in elderly patients with multiple salivary nodules. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:627-34. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
DECAY OF THE SEA ANEMONE METRIDIUM (ACTINIARIA): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF CNIDARIAN POLYPS AND OTHER SOFT-BODIED DIPLOBLAST-GRADE ANIMALS

Abstract: Fossils preserving the anatomy of soft tissues provide rare but essential evidence for the reconstruction of metazoan evolutionary history. Decay is inherent to the fossilization process and features may be distorted, displaced, or missing even in exceptionally preserved fossils, and non-anatomical artifacts may be introduced. Here we describe the results of experimental decay of the epibenthic actinian (sea anemone) Metridium senile and document serial changes in its morphology. Decay proceeded rapidly and followed a consistent, reproducible trajectory, which we divide into six stages; in the final stage, no anatomically illuminating information remained. The column, one of the most salient anatomical features of actinians, contracted near the time of death and changed shape dramatically thereafter. The tentacles decayed from their distal ends. Fibrous bundles representing the interior musculature were among the morphological features most resistant to degradation, and taphonomically induced tr...
Structurally Analogous Degradable Version of Fluorene–Bipyridine Copolymer with Exceptional Selectivity for Large-Diameter Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes

Separation of electronically pure, narrowly dispersed, pristine, semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from a heterogeneous as-synthesized mixture is essential for various semiconducting technologies and biomedical applications. Although conjugated polymer wrappers are often utilized to facilitate electronic-type sorting, it is highly desirable to remove organic residues from the resulting devices. We report here the design and synthesis of a mild acid-degradable π-conjugated polyimine polymer, poly[(9,9-di-n-octyl-2,7-fluoren-dinitrilomethine)-alt-co-(6,6′-{2,2′-bipyridyl-dimethine})] (PFO-N-BPy), that is structurally analogous to the commonly used and commercially available poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(6,6′-(2,2′-bipyridine))] (PFO-BPy). An acid cleavable imine link (−HC═N−) was introduced in the PFO-N-BPy backbone to impart degradability, which is absent in PFO-BPy. PFO-N-BPy was synthesized via a metal catalyst-free aza-Wittig reaction in high yields. PFO-N-BPy with a de...
Decoding of Nonlinear Mixtures

Abstract In the more-general case, the mixing of single-shot gathers resulting in nonlinear elastic wave propagation is likely to provide nonlinear mixtures because the principle of superposition does not hold, except in some particular cases described in Chapter 1. Actually, a large number of mixing problems in geophysics are best described as nonlinear mixing problems, at least in the time-space domain, including the wavefield decomposition described in Chapter 2. Our objective in this chapter is to decode nonlinear mixtures.
Solutions of Gross–Pitaevskii Equation with Periodic Potential in Dimension Two

Quasi-periodic solutions of a nonlinear polyharmonic equation for the case 4l > n + 1 in \( \mathbb R^n \) , n > 1, are studied. This includes Gross–Pitaevskii equation in dimension two (l = 1, n = 2). It is proven that there is an extensive “non-resonant” set \( \mathcal G \subset \mathbb R^n \) such that for every \( \overrightarrow{k} \epsilon \mathcal G \) there is a solution asymptotically close to a plane wave \( \mathcal Ae^ \mathit i \langle \overrightarrow{k},\overrightarrow{x} \rangle as |\overrightarrow{k}| \rightarrow \infty \) , given A is sufficiently small.
China’s Tangled Web of Heritage

Cultural heritage preservation presents a paradox: anything that needs “preserving” is probably done as a living cultural phenomenon, though we can ask ourselves whether preservation is really different from any of the other ways in which cultural things change. China’s cultural preservation presents this and other conundrums, some of them shared with other countries, while others seem particular to China and its relationship to its cultural heritage. As in other countries, cultural heritage preservation in China reflects motivations of pride and profit, while the particular configurations of who gains pride and who gains profit are specific to China.
Turning and Walking by Gilts in Modified Gestation Crates

Mated gilts in gestation crates designed specially so gilts could turn or walk at will did turn around and walk. In Exp. 1, in crates 2.1 m long, flared at one end and pointed at the other, and 56 or 61 cm wide at center, gilts' turning frequency averaged 11.2 turns/d. Neither feeder nor waterer location, independent of the other, influenced turning frequency. Most turns apparently were not motivated by any obvious external stimulus. Narrowing crates from 6i to 56 cm reduced turning rate from 12.9/d to 8.9/d. Gilts spent more time facing the feeder when it was at the flared end (F; 66.1%) than when it was at the pointed end (P; 49.4%). Turning was followed by standing or lying, without simultaneous eating or drinking, 65.3% of the time. A greater proportion of turns were succeeded by eating or drinking when feeder and waterer were located in opposite ends of the crate (39.2%) instead of in the same end (29.7%). As a result of turns followed by only standing or lying, gilts were oriented head by head 52.9% of the times. Mean time of day for turning was 1016 in wide crates and 0855 in narrow crates. Also, mean turning time with waterer at P vs at F was 1012 vs 0928. In Exp. 2, a 2  2 factorial arrangement of treatments compared crates that were either 2.1 m or 3.4 m long and had either flared or rectangular ends. Neither length nor shape affected gilts' total daily duration of standing. Gilts stood up 8.3 times/d in rectangular crates, 13.9 times/d in flared. Gilts stood longer per occasion in rectangular crates than in flared crates (19.8 vs 13.2 min). They averaged 10.3 turns/d in flared crates and they averaged 11.8 turns/d in crates 2.1 m long and 8.8 turns/d in the longer crates. Crate design did not affect the distance a gilt walked (129 m/d). Gilts in longer crates that were flared did not substitute walking for turning. Their turning did not seem to be motivated by the need or desire to face or orient the body one way or another (e.g., in Exp. 1), nor did it seem to fulfill the need to move in general. Perhaps the gilts turned around simply in order to face the opposite direction for a change, regardless of which direction that might have been.
The run-on oligomer filament enzyme mechanism of SgrAI: Part 1. Assembly kinetics of the run-on oligomer filament

Filament or run-on oligomer formation by metabolic enzymes is now recognized as a widespread phenomenon having potentially unique enzyme regulatory properties and biological roles, and its dysfunction is implicated in human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and developmental disorders. SgrAI is a bacterial allosteric type II restriction endonuclease that binds to invading phage DNA, may protect the host DNA from off-target cleavage activity, and forms run-on oligomeric filaments with enhanced DNA-cleavage activity and altered DNA sequence specificity. However, the mechanisms of SgrAI filament growth, cooperativity in filament formation, sequestration of enzyme activity, and advantages over other filament mechanisms remain unknown. In this first of a two-part series, we developed methods and models to derive association and dissociation rate constants of DNA-bound SgrAI in run-on oligomers and addressed the specific questions of cooperativity and filament growth mechanisms. We show that the derived rate constants are consistent with the run-on oligomer sizes determined by EM analysis and are most consistent with a noncooperative growth mode of the run-on oligomer. These models and methods are extended in the accompanying article to include the full DNA-cleavage pathway and address specific questions related to the run-on oligomer mechanism including the sequestration of DNA-cleavage activity and trapping of products.
Discussion of “Queue Storage Design for Metered On-Ramps” by Zhongren Wang

Abstract This article presented a discussion on a research paper entitled “Queue Storage Design for Metered On-Ramps”, published by the International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology on March 2013 (Volume 2, Issue 1, Pages 47–63). This discussion first summarized the contributions of the paper under discussion, and emphasized a critical insight presented by the paper under discussion that designing queue storage length as a percentage of peak hour on-ramp demand. Then, this article discussed the potential factors that may affect queue length estimation results, including different traffic flow arrival patterns between arterial-to-freeway ramps and freeway-to-freeway connectors, queue length as a function of demand-to-capacity ratio instead of on-ramp traffic volume, and errors caused by the stochastic nature of traffic flow when using field measured queues. Lastly, this article outlined methods to solve these limitations, and presented preliminary insights into the development of metered on-ramp queue storage length design guidelines considering the impacts of ramp geometric features and signal timing schemes of the upstream intersection.
A Structured Approach to Intentional Interprofessional Experiential Education at a Non-Academic Community Hospital

Objective. To develop and implement a multimodal structured approach to intentional interprofessional experiential education at a non-academic community hospital, and to evaluate students' perceptions of the program. Methods. A multimodal structured approach to intentional interprofessional experiential education was designed that consisted of medical and pharmacy students participating together in daily pre-rounds, daily teaching rounds, and once or twice weekly lunch-and-learn sessions at a non-academic community hospital. Pre- and post-experience surveys were administered to assess students' perceptions of physician and pharmacist collaboration in interprofessional education (IPE). The survey instrument included the Student Perceptions of Physician-Pharmacist Interprofessional Clinical Education, Version 2 (SPICE-2) survey. Results. Thirty-nine students, including 18 fourth-year student pharmacists from Mercer University College of Pharmacy and 21 third-year medical students from three medical schools in the Caribbean, provided informed consent and were enrolled in the eight-month study. Students' perceptions of items related to the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) competencies, including values/ethics for interprofessional practice, roles/responsibilities, and teams and teamwork, significantly improved from the pre- to the post-experience survey. Conclusion. A multimodal structured approach to intentional interprofessional experiential education had positive effects on students' perceptions of interprofessional clinical education targeting key components of the (IPEC) competencies. This approach may be a useful tool for implementing intentional IPE in the experiential setting.
Macrophage-derived exosome-mimetic hybrid vesicles for tumor targeted drug delivery.

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid and protein constructs which are continuously secreted by cells in the form of smaller (30–200 nm) and larger (micron size) particles. While all of these vesicles are called as EVs, the smaller size are normally called as exosomes. Small EVs (sEVs) have now been explored as a potential candidate in therapeutics delivery owing to their endogenous functionality, intrinsic targeting property, and ability to cooperate with a host defense mechanism. Considering these potentials, we hypothesize that immune cell-derived sEVs can mimic immune cell to target cancer. However, different sEVs isolation technique reported poor yield and loss of functional properties. To solve this problem, herein we hybridized sEVs with synthetic liposome to engineer vesicles with size less than 200 nm to mimic the size of exosome and named as hybrid exosome (HE). To achieve this goal, sEVs from mouse macrophage was hybridized with synthetic liposome to engineer HE. The fluorescence-based experiment confirmed the successful hybridization process yielding HE with the size of 177 ± 21 nm. Major protein analysis from Blot techniques reveal the presence of EV marker proteins CD81, CD63, and CD9. Differential cellular interaction of HE was observed when treated with normal and cancerous cells thereby supporting our hypothesis. Moreover, a water-soluble doxorubicin was loaded in HE. Drug-loaded HE showed enhanced toxicity against cancer cells and pH-sensitive drug release in acidic condition, benefiting drug delivery to acidic cancer environment. These results suggest that the engineered HE would be an exciting platform for tumor-targeted drug delivery. Statement of Significance Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are phospholipid and protein constructs which are continuously secreted by cells in the human body. These vesicles can efficiently deliver their parental biomolecules to the recipient cells and assist in intracellular communication without a direct cell-to-cell contact. Moreover, they have the ability to perform some of the molecular task similar to that of its parent cells. For example, exosome derived from immune cells can seek for diseased and/or inflammatory cells by reading the cell surface proteins. However, different EVs isolation techniques reported poor yield and loss of functional properties. Therefore, to overcome this limitation, we herein propose to re-engineer immuno-exosome with a synthetic liposome as a refined biomimetic nanostructure for the delivery of doxorubicin (clinical drug) for breast cancer treatment.
Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Hybrid Membrane/CatalystActive Centers: Chemical Requirements for Prolonged Lifetime

Solid oxide membrane/catalyst hybrid systems have been proposed as a promising platform for selective oxidative coupling of methane to form higher value C2+ products. In these hybrid systems, the m...
The development of spatial perspective taking.

Publisher Summary Children's solutions to spatial problems pose an intriguing puzzle in development. For some time, difficulties with such tasks have been thought to index a pervasive characteristic of children's thought, called “egocentrism,” but recent research has shown clearly that at least by 2 years of age, children are not egocentric in the sense of not knowing that other people see displays differently. This chapter provides the argument that perspective-taking tasks and other spatial problems, such as mental rotation, are difficult for reasons that include the demands the particular problem makes on the usual form of representation of space. From at least 5 years of age, and perhaps earlier, this representation seems to be one in which small movable targets are encoded in relation to a framework of fixed landmarks, rather than in relation to each other. Such coding makes ecological sense, because movable items, almost by definition, make poor reference points for the location of other objects. Thus, spatial coding does not seem to change across middle childhood in the fashion discussed by Piaget. What remains for the future is to explore whether frameworks of landmarks are used soon after the beginning of free locomotion, and how location coding changes, if it does, in the first few years of life.
Chronic opioid use following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery for degenerative cervical pathology.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) remains one of the most commonly performed surgeries for degenerative cervical pathology. We hypothesize that there is great heterogeneity in opioid use following ACDF surgery. Further, we hypothesize that certain baseline factors place patients at high risk for chronic opioid use postoperatively. PURPOSE To identify prevalence and risk factors for chronic opioid use following one and two-level ACDF surgeries performed for degenerative cervical pathology. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective analysis of a prescription claims database. PATIENT SAMPLE A total of 31,325 patients aged 18-64 who underwent 1 or 2-level ACDF surgery from 2010-2015 for degenerative cervical pathology. OUTCOME MEASURES Our primary outcome was the quantity of opioids prescribed in Morphine Milligram Equivalents per day (MMED). Secondary outcomes were prevalence of chronic opioid use and of increased risk of overdose. METHODS CPT and ICD-9CM codes were used to identify patients who underwent 1 or 2 level ACDF for degenerative cervical pathology. Patients were excluded for: combined anterior-posterior fusion, traumatic injury, infection, revision surgery or active malignancy. MMED were calculated for each prescription. Chronic postoperative opioid use was defined as ≥120 day opioid use over the 3- to 12-month post–index visit period. Office of Inspector General (OIG) guidelines were used to identify patients at increased risk of overdose, defined as continuous opioid use with an average of >90MMED for 90 days postoperatively. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 50±8.2 years, 55% females. Seventy percent of patients had single-level ACDF and 30% had two-level ACDF, 50% were using opioids preoperatively and 81% filled at least one prescription after discharge. Eighteen percent of patients met criteria for chronic postoperative opioid use. From 2010-2016, 46% of patients had initial postoperative prescriptions exceeding CDC recommendations of an initial prescription >90 MMED, and 8.7% of patients met OIG criteria for increased risk of overdose. The proportion at risk of overdose was highest overall in the western US (11%) and lowest in the northeast (7.4%), p CONCLUSIONS A total of 18% of patients used opioids chronically in the 12-month period following ACDF for degenerative cervical pathology. Forty-six percent of patients had initial postoperative prescriptions above the highest CDC-recommended threshold of 90 MMED, and almost 9% patients met OIG criteria for increased risk of overdose. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Industrias contra finezas de Agustín Moreto. La historia de Hungría en el teatro de Moreto

Industrias contra finezas by Agustin Moreto. History of Hungary in Moreto’s theaterIndustrias contra finezas IF is a play by Moreto written ca. 1655–1669. It was first pub­lished in 1666 and later reedited in the Segunda Parte of his comedies 1676. The play belongs to the thematic cycle entitled comedias de Hungria comedies on Hungary, made famous by Lope de Vega. In addition to being what critics have now termed a serious palatina palace comedy, IF is clearly influenced by Calderon de la Barca’s Mujer, llora y venceras and music plays a paramount role in it.
The Need for a Phenomenology of Academic Activity under Neoliberalism.

Academia has changed quite radically and rapidly in the last 30 years. Universities across the world have embraced a process of neoliberalization and scholars in various disciplines have attempted to track and understand these changes. There is general agreement from multiple disciplines that neoliberalization allows the values, standards, and norms of the business world to suffuse academia. Scholars have raised concerns about how this threatens the integrity of scientific research, affects university governance, and warps the purposes of higher education. In this paper I argue that one of the things that is lacking from these discussions is close phenomenological attention to the qualitative changes to everyday academic activities under neoliberalism. Using phenomenology I show how basic academic activities are fundamentally altered as they are increasingly driven by the need for incessant strategic choices. Reading, writing, presentation and teaching are all radically warped when done strategically.
mmWave Lens-Based MIMO System for Suppressing Small-Scale Fading and Shadowing

In this paper, we propose a generalized millimeter-Wave (mmWave) reconfigurable antenna multiple-input multiple-output (RA-MIMO) architecture that takes advantage of lens antennas. The considered antennas can generate multiple independent beams simultaneously using a single RF chain. This property, together with RA-MIMO, is used to combat small-scale fading and shadowing in mmWave bands. To this end, first, we derive a channel matrix for RA-MIMO. Then, we use rate-one space-time block codes (STBCs), together with phase-shifters at the receive reconfigurable antennas, to suppress the effect of small-scale fading. We consider two kinds of phase shifters: i) ideal which is error-free and ii) digital which adds quantization error. The goal of phase-shifters is to convert a complex-valued channel matrix into real-valued. Hence, it is possible to use rate-one STBCs for any dimension of RA-MIMO. We investigate diversity gain and derive an upper bound for symbol error rate in cases of ideal and digital phase-shifters. We show that RA-MIMO achieves the full-diversity gain with ideal phase-shifters and the full-diversity gain for digital phase-shifters when the number of quantization bits is higher than one. We investigate RA-MIMO in the presence of shadowing. Our analysis demonstrates that, by increasing the dimension of RA-MIMO, the outage probability decreases which means the effect of shadowing decreases. Numerical results verify our theoretical derivations.
Coast-to-Coast Empire: Manifest Destiny and the New Mexico Borderlands

There are many ways to solve a jigsaw puzzle, but one popular strategy involves starting with the edges and working your way in. William Kiser argues that the United States followed this method in ...
From Suffragists to Pink Pussyhats: In Search of Intersectional Solidarity

The 100th anniversary of the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment is an opportunity to reflect on the role of women in American politics. The tools of intersectionality allow scholars to pinpoint the progress and pitfalls produced by ongoing modes of sexism and patriarchy as well as racism and classism. It is now well known that major movements for the rights of American women have not always addressed the issues specific to black women (Simien 2006). Indeed, in 1851, Sojourner Truth discussed this issue of not being included in conversations about women’s rights (or civil rights for blacks) in her alleged “Ain’t I a Woman” speech. Similarly, the fact that Ida B. Wells and other black women were told to process at the back of the 1913 Women’s March on Washington is another illustration of the historical exclusion of black women by their white counterparts (Boissoneault 2017). Decades later and even after the 1965 Voting Rights Act enforced black women’s enfranchisement, the Combahee River Collective (1977) noted the exclusion of issues that affect black women by both 1970s white feminist movements and male-dominated anti-racist movements.
Performing Carbon Storage Resource Assessments for Offshore Mid-Atlantic United States

The Mid-Atlantic United States Offshore Carbon Storage Resource Assessment Project (FE0026087) is part of the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory’s Carbon Storage program to improve the effectiveness and reduce the costs of carbon dioxide storage implementation. This paper presents the methods followed and preliminary results of a comprehensive examination of potential carbon storage resources for an area of the offshore not previously characterized for carbon storage. The paper discusses the deep saline formations’ geologic and hydrologic properties informed by core, well log, and seismic data, followed by a discussion of risk factors that may affect storage resource potential. The results suggest the presence of laterally continuous sandstone formations and seals that offer significant potential storage capacity.
Finding “H” in HRI: Examining Human Personality Traits, Robotic Anthropomorphism, and Robot Likeability in Human-Robot Interaction

The study examines the relationship between the big five personality traits (extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) and robot likeability and successful HRI implementation in varying human-robot interaction (HRI) situations. Further, this research investigates the influence of human-like attributes in robots (a.k.a. robotic anthropomorphism) on the likeability of robots. The research found that robotic anthropomorphism positively influences the relationship between human personality variables (e.g., extraversion and agreeableness) and robot likeability in human interaction with social robots. Further, anthropomorphism positively influences extraversion and robot likeability during industrial robotic interactions with humans. Extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism were found to play a significant role. This research bridges the gap by providing an in-depth understanding of the big five human personality traits, robotic anthropomorphism, and robot likeability in social-collaborative robotics.
Multi-View Spectral Graph Convolution with Consistent Edge Attention for Molecular Modeling

Abstract Although graph convolutional networks (GCNs) that extend the convolution operation from images to graphs have led to competitive performance, the existing GCNs are still difficult to handle a variety of applications, especially cheminformatics problems. Recently multiple GCNs are applied to chemical compound structures which are represented by the hydrogen-depleted molecular graphs of different size. GCNs built for a binary adjacency matrix that reflects the connectivity among nodes in a graph do not account for the edge consistency in multiple molecular graphs, that is, chemical bonds (edges) in different molecular graphs can be similar due to the similar enthalpy and interatomic distance. In this paper, we propose a variant of GCN where a molecular graph is first decomposed into multiple views of the graph, each comprising a specific type of edges. In each view, an edge consistency constraint is enforced so that similar edges in different graphs can receive similar attention weights when passing information. Similarly to prior work, we prove that in each layer, our method corresponds to a spectral filter derived by the first order Chebyshev approximation of graph Laplacian. Extensive experiments demonstrate the substantial advantages of the proposed technique in quantitative structure-activity relationship prediction.
Discussion of a new project for a scientific psychology

When Wilhelm Fliess received the amazing document from Sigmund Freud that has come down to us as the “Project for a Scientific Psychology,” he must have read it with a combination of thrill at his ...
Maximal lineability of several subclasses of Darboux-like maps on $${\mathbb {R}}$$ R

The class $${\mathbb {D}}$$ of generalized continuous functions on $${\mathbb {R}}$$ known under the common name of Darboux-like functions is usually described as consisting of eight families of maps: Darboux, connectivity, almost continuous, extendable, peripherally continuous, those having perfect road, and having either the Cantor Intermediate Value Property (CIVP) or the Strong Cantor Intermediate Value Property (SCIVP). The goal of this paper is to show that all Darboux-like subclasses of $$({{\,\mathrm{PC}\,}}{\setminus }{{\,\mathrm{D}\,}})\cup ({{\,\mathrm{AC}\,}}{\setminus }{{\,\mathrm{Ext}\,}})$$ in the algebra generated by $${\mathbb {D}}$$ are $$2^{\mathfrak {c}}$$ -lineable, that is, have maximal lineability.
Sensory Witnessing at Treblinka

Employing a model of spatial analysis that examines the smells, sights, and sounds emanating from the Treblinka death camp, I chart a ‘zone of sensory witnessing’ that extended beyond Treblinka’s b...
Perspectives on Process Analysis for Advanced Biofuel Production

Abstract Numerous approaches to converting lignocellulosic biomass to fuels have been described in the literature. These include technologies to produce ethanol, butanol, biodiesel, lipid-based fuel, aerobic bioprocesses for hydrocarbons, Fischer–Tropsch diesel, upgraded pyrolysis oil, and other methods. The sheer number of conversion technologies and products creates a challenge for policy makers, research organizations, and investors to make sound decisions for how to allocate resources. Fortunately, there are tools available to aid decision-makers when contemplating the tradeoffs that biomass conversion technologies offer, including feasibility studies, social and life-cycle cost-benefit analysis, financial analysis, and techno-economic analysis. This chapter focuses on the engineering aspects of such analyses and how process analysis can reveal the pros and cons of different biomass-to-hydrocarbon fuel technologies.
Functional Organization of the Plant Nucleus

For many years, the molecular processes in the eukaryotic nucleus were believed to occur randomly within the nuclear space, without functionally important spatial organization. Recently, much progress has been made in establishing that nuclear spatial organization is indeed important, and that many nuclear processes deserve the question “where?” as much as the question “how?” While the eukaryotic nucleus was first discovered in plants, the predominant progress in the field of its functional organization has been made in non-plant models. Recently, however, plant molecular biologists have begun to address the connection between structure and function and the integration of mechanistic and organizational aspects of the plant nucleus, too. While some aspects, such as the histone code, appear to be highly conserved between plants and animals, others, such as the composition of the nuclear pore, appear to differ profoundly. Here, we address various aspects of plant nuclear biology with the specific emphasis on the relationship between structure and function. We compare and contrast findings from plants and non-plant model systems and point out exciting future research directions.
Future Directions in Global Trade Analysis

August 1999 This paper discusses future directions in global trade analysis from the perspective of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) network. The first section offers a projection of where the GTAP Network might be in the year 2010. This is followed by an analysis of the basic drivers of change in global trade analysis. These include: network externalities and the push for greater openness in both modeling and database work. The second half of the paper revisits John Whalley's "Hidden Challenges" for applied general equilibrium analysis, discussing how well we have fared with respect to these challenges, first posed in 1986. The paper closes with some additional challenges for global trade analysis in the coming decade.
IL-2: Change Structure … Change Function

In this issue of Immunity , Spangler et al. and Mitra et al. demonstrate how structural changes in the IL-2 molecule alter interactions with the IL-2 receptor, leading to differential cellular targeting and biochemical responses and selective immune consequences.
What is Science

What is science? One of my goals for this chapter is to help you to understand what a serious and complex question this is and how history can help us to better understand the nature of the science that is taught in schools. I would like you to answer some questions first to get you thinking about the nature of science and what you think is science.
Changing patterns of respiratory viral infections in transplant recipients.

Advances in the care of immunocompromised hosts have been driven by the development of a variety of increasingly potent immunosuppressive agents for use in solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Routine prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and antiviral agents has reduced the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia, nocardiosis, and respiratory, urinary, and gastrointestinal infections due to susceptible pathogens and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Data from retrospective studies allow some generalizations about respiratory viral infections in transplant recipients. Direct detection of viral antigens in respiratory tract specimens using monoclonal antibodies may have increased sensitivity compared with the rapid, commercially available methods. The possibility that immune status plays a pivotal role in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was suggested by the identification of individuals who appeared to be “super spreaders” of infection. Adenoviral disease is best described in pediatric liver transplant recipients but is also described in individuals following kidney, small bowel, lung, and heart transplantation. Vaccination is recommended annually, as much of the burden of influenza is related to secondary superinfections, graft rejection (in lung transplant recipients), or graft-versus-host disease (in HSCT recipients). Respiratory viral infections are a risk factor for graft rejection, particularly chronic graft rejection in lung transplant recipients.
Heavy OWA Operators

We recall the OWA operator and discuss some of the features used to characterize these operators. In passing we introduce an new characterizing attribute called the divergence. We then consider two cases of information fusion and use these as motivation to generalize the OWA operator with the introduction of the Heavy OWA operator. These HOWA operators differ from the ordinary OWA operators by relaxing the constraints on the associated weighting vector. We consider some applications of these HOWA operators and provide some examples of weighting vectors associated with these HOWA operators.
On Forecasting Conflict in the Sudan: 2009–2012

The paper considers univariate and multivariate models to forecast monthly conflict events in the Sudan over the out-of-sample period 2009 – 2012. The models used to generate these forecasts were based on a specification from a machine learning algorithm fit to 2000 – 2008 monthly data. The idea here is that for policy purposes we need models that can forecast conflict events before they occur. The model that includes previous month’s wheat price performs better than a similar model which does not include past wheat prices (the univariate model). Both models did not perform well in forecasting conflict in a neighborhood of the 2012 “Heglig Crisis”. Such a result is generic, as “outlier or unusual events” are hard for models and policy experts to forecast.
Genetically engineered human salivary histatin genes are functional in Candida albicans: development of a new system for studying histatin candidacidal activity

Histatins are a structurally related family of salivary proteins known as histidine-rich proteins that are produced and secreted by the human major salivary glands. In vitro, histatins are potent cytotoxic proteins with selectivity for pathogenic yeasts including Candida albicans. Studies that investigate the mechanism of action of histatin proteins upon this important human pathogen have used a candidacidal assay in which the histatin is applied extracellularly. In order to develop a model system to study the mechanism of histatin action independently from binding and translocation events, the authors constructed C. albicans strains that contain chromosomally encoded human salivary histatin genes under the control of a regulated promoter. Intracellular expression of either histatin 5 or histatin 3 induced cell killing and ATP release in parallel. Since histatin killing can be initiated solely from intracellular sites, extracellular binding and internalization are preceding transport events. Thus the mechanism of histatin-induced ATP release does not require extracellular binding, and intracellular targets alone can activate ATP release. By employing a codon-optimization strategy it was shown that expression of heterologous sequences in C. albicans can be a useful tool for functional studies.