cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attributes and roles assigned to characters in children's writing: Sex differences and sex-role perceptions

This research examined the creative writing of 180 elementary school children for evidence of sex difference and sex-role perceptions. Stories were analyzed for frequency of male and female characters, attributes, and roles. Writers were equally divided by sex and into three age groups--grades 1-2, 3-4, and 5-6. Results suggest that the total number of characters, roles, and attributes was equivalent. However, the distribution of male and female characters, roles, and attributes differed with male and female writers. Female writers included significantly more female characters and assigned more attributes and roles to these characters. Nevertheless, in the stories of both male and female writers, there was a predominance of male characters and assignment of attributes and roles to male characters. The findings support the development and implementation of a nonsexist curriculum. The stages in children's development of sex roles and the acquisition of gender identity have been described by Kohlberg. According to Kohlberg's (1966) cognitive developmental theory, children actively construct sex-role attitudes and perceptions by organizing rules from the world around them. This developmental process is dependent on environmental interaction and maturation. In children's construction of sex-role attitudes and perceptions, a major environmental influence is the school, its curriculum, and its activities. Among these activities, creating writing, as a vehicle for personal expression, is a rich resource for investigating sex differences and sex-role perceptions. Concepts and attitudes regardi'ng the roles and characteristics of males and females in society should be evident in stories written by 263
Neuroendocrine predictors of emotional and behavioral adjustment in boys: Longitudinal follow-up of a community sample

Summary Background Dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been observed in adults and children with mood and anxiety disorders and is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders. We recently studied a diverse community sample of boys and found associations of behavioral problems, including symptoms of depression and anxiety, with basal and stress-induced cortisol concentrations. Here we examine cortisol–emotional/behavioral associations at a two-year follow-up and test whether initial cortisol is predictive of worsening emotional/behavioral problems two years later. Method Seventy-eight 10–14-year-old boys and their mothers completed a battery of psychosocial assessments, provided morning and afternoon saliva samples, and participated in a home visit involving mildly stressful tasks and saliva collection for cortisol assay during a two-year follow-up assessment. Results Consistent with the findings from our time 1 assessment, greater declines in cortisol across the home-visit challenge task were significantly associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors as well as attention problems and social problems at the two-year follow-up. In addition, morning and afternoon cortisol concentrations at the initial assessment were significant positive predictors of the later development of child depressive symptoms at follow-up after controlling for initial depressive symptoms. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that children in the community with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems have altered patterns of HPA axis stress reactivity. In addition, our prospective findings suggest that elevated cortisol concentrations may influence the later development of emotional/behavioral problems in boys.
Test of silicones for shipboard use

Naval electric power equipment, as well as commercial machines, may be reduced in size and weight by the development of new silicone insulating materials. Tests are still in progress which indicate that fire and arc resisting products will be obtained that can also meet other Navy specifications.
Batch polymerization of methyl methacrylate in mini/macroemulsions

The kinetics of the isothermal batch macroemulsion and miniemulsion polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) at 50°C have been studied. Hexadecane was used as the cosurfactant or swelling agent. The nucleation mechanisms were observed to be different between macroemulsions and miniemulsions. The effect of surfactant, cosurfactant, initiator, shear, and hold time on droplet nucleation was studied. The miniemulsion particles were found to contain more radicals on average than the macroemulsion particles using certain recipes. This resulted in higher polymerization rates for the miniemulsions at identical particle numbers. The latex-particle-size distributions were similar even though the mini-emulsion droplets start out with a high polydispersity of around 1.5. Miniemulsion latexes were found to be more stable under shear. Conductance of emulsions during polymerization was found to be a valuable on-line tool for investigating particle nucleation and growth. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measuring children's health-related quality of life after trauma

Consideration of children's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after injury is a critical aspect of outcome in assessing the effectiveness of trauma care. Numerous instruments are available today for measuring the HRQOL of injured children. HRQOL instruments reflect the subjective perspective of the impact an injury or disease has on a child's physical, emotional, and social well being. Most studies to date have examined children's HRQOL during the first year postinjury, relatively little is known about children's long-term HRQOL after trauma. Most trauma outcome studies have included children with heterogeneous injuries so the impact of specific injuries on HRQOL outcomes has not been well established. The majority of outcome studies have focused on injured children who have been hospitalized, however the research should be extended to the emergency department because a large proportion of injured children are treated and released from there. In addition to documenting recovery, investigators should use HRQOL instruments to evaluate the quality of care we offer injured children and their families. Rigorously conducted HRQOL assessment will provide valuable information that we can use to successfully optimize children's recovery after trauma.
Bonding in uranium oxides: The role of 5f electrons

Abstract X-ray photoemission spectra of valence and bonding bands of UO 2 , U 3 O 8 and UO 3 are presented. The gradual transfer of localized 5f electrons into the bonding band as a function of oxygen content has been studied in these oxides.
PREVENTION OR REVERSAL OF LEVODOPA-INDUCED CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS BY DECARBOXYLASE INHIBITORS

Abstract Infusion of tritiated levodopa (L-dopa) to halothane-anaesthetised dogs results in accumulation of labelled catecholamines in heart and kidney and the development of cardiac arrhythmias. Pretreatment with D,L-α-methyl-α-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (MK 485) or N'-(D,L-seryl)-N"-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl) hydrazine hydrochloride (RO 4-4602), inhibitors of dopa decarboxylase, strikingly reduces the amount of catecholamines formed from levodopa in heart and kidney and prevents the development of cardiac arrhythmias.
The Covalent Structure of Factor XIIIa Crosslinked Fibrinogen Fibrils

Abstract When factor XIIIa-mediated crosslinking of fibrin or fibrinogen occurs, reciprocal intermolecular isopeptide bonds form first between paired carboxy terminal γ chain donor-acceptor sites in outer molecular D domains, resulting in γ chain dimers. Their location in the fibrin polymer is not certain, but some evidence suggests they are situated at the outermost ends of the D domains of linearly aligned molecules comprising each strand of double-stranded fibrils ("DD-long"). Other experiments indicate that γ chain bonds are located between D domains in opposing fibril strands ("transverse"). To distinguish between these possible arrangements, we evaluated the ultrastructure of fibrils and fibers found in factor XIIIa-fibrinogen crosslinking mixtures, based on this reasoning: if DD-long bonding occurs, single-stranded fibrils should result, whereas transverse positioning will result in double-stranded fibrils. Fibrils formed in partially crosslinked fibrinogen solutions consisted of two parallel strands, as discerned visually from scanning transmission electron microscopic images and confirmed by mass per unit length fibril measurements. Neighboring fibrinogen D domains in each fibril strand were aligned end-to-end and were in register with a fibrinogen E domain in the opposite strand, creating a half-staggered molecular arrangement with -22.5-nm periodicity corresponding to half the length of fibrinogen. Ribbon-like fibrinogen fibers, like fibrils, displayed 22.5-nm periodicity, as expected from laterally associated double-stranded fibrils with D domains in register. Taken together, these results indicate that carboxy terminal γ chain bonds are positioned transversely between strands and are represented by thin filamentous structures bridging the D domains of opposing fibril strand— it follows that the same γ chain crosslink arrangement occurs in fibrin.
Fluorescence of substituted pyrrolyl pyridines

The absorbance and fluorescence of 2-(1-pyrrolyl)-pyridine and three methylated derivatives have been studied in a variety of solvents. Absorbance spectra of the molecules were found to exhibit minor solvent dependence. The fluorescence spectra for all derivatives, however, show large red shifts in more polar solvents. Dual fluorescence has also been observed, consistent with locally excited and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) emission. Fluorescence intensity was also found to diminish in more polar solvents, consistent with a twisted excited state geometry for these molecules. The position and number of methyl substituents were found to affect the degree of charge-transfer emission. Quantum mechanical density functional calculations of ground state and vertical transition energies are presented to describe observed spectral behavior. Calculations include bulk solvation effects.
Sick buildings: what have we learned and what can be done?

The world is experiencing a growing problem with a range of diseases collectively referred to as sick building syndrome. This problem results from a combination of tightened buildings, large scale use of man-made materials, and modern offices full of devices emitting noxious and toxic vapors. The state of knowledge about sick building syndrome has increased greatly in recent years. However, knowledge of these advances is not yet widespread. From an engineering perspective, solutions to sick building problems are not being held up by a lack of technological capability, but rather by a lack of awareness of the knowledge base that is available. From a policy perspective, the range of strategies that exist beyond increased regulatory control are not commonly appreciated. It is to these shortcomings that this paper is addressed. Hopefully, this overview of recent advances in engineering technology and policy making will help to improve our responses to this expanding problem.
Snow skiing combined anterior cruciate ligament/medical collateral ligament disruptions

Recent reports indicate that combined anterior cruciate ligament/medial collateral ligament (ACL/MCL) knee injuries are usually associated with a lateral meniscus tear. In our center, snow skiing is the athletic activity most frequently associated with this double-ligament injury complex. A sports-specific analysis was undertaken to evaluate the hypothesis that the snow skiing ligament injury is different from similar injuries caused by other athletic activities. Of a total of 64 acute arthroscopically confirmed tears of both the MCL and ACL, 23 were caused by snow skiing and 41 by nonskiing activities. There were fewer lateral meniscus tears in skiers (43%) when compared with the nonskiers (88%). Skiers also had fewer medial meniscus tears (13%) than did nonskiers (37%). No medial meniscus tears occurred in the absence of a lateral meniscus tear. Although 78% of the skiers were women, only 12% of the nonskiers were women. Skiers were older (average age 35 years) than the nonskiers (average age 28 years). The right knee was injured almost twice as frequently as the left. These data suggest that the double (ACL/MCL) ligament injury in skiers might be distinctly different from that in nonskiers.
Multi-organ inflammation after hepatic cryoablation in BALB/c mice

Abstract Background. There is increasing evidence that injury to the liver can precipitate or exaggerate lung injury. We have previously shown that hepatic cryoablation (cryo) causes activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, cytokinemia (tumor necrosis factor-α, Mouse Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2 [MIP-2]), and lung inflammation in transgenic HLL (5′ H IV- L TR- L uciferase gene) mice and in Sprague-Dawley rats. It has been reported that BALB/c mice are susceptible to traumatic injury and are active immune responders. We tested whether activation of NF-κB and the development of multiple-organ inflammation in response to hepatic injury from 35% cryo were demonstrable in the BALB/c mouse. Methods. BALB/c mice ( n = 9) were anesthetized, and midline laparotomy was performed. Cryoablation was performed with careful isolation of adjacent structures to avoid inadvertent organ injury to the gastrointestinal tract. A freeze-thaw cycle of the left lobe of the liver was induced, encompassing approximately 35% (by weight). Animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 24 h after cryoablation. Serum was collected via IVC puncture and liver, lungs, and kidneys were harvested and freeze-clamped. Two animals were sacrificed without undergoing cryo surgery to serve as a baseline control. NF-κB activity was monitored by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. MIP-2 levels and Mouse KC levels from tissue and serum were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Organs were submitted for histological review. We characterized lung inflammation induced by cryosurgery by measuring total and differential cell counts in lung lavage fluid 4 h after hepatic cryoablation. Results. After cryo, NF-κB activation was demonstrated in the 1, 2, and 4-h time points by electrophoretic mobility shift assay in the liver and lungs. Mouse KC and MIP-2 levels increased from baseline, peaked at the 4-h time point, and returned to baseline after 24 h in both liver and lung. Lung lavage 4 h after cryoablation showed increased total cells and neutrophilic lung inflammation. Conclusions. BALB/c mice demonstrate evidence of multi-organ inflammation in response to 35% hepatic cryo. These data demonstrate that this model provides for assessment of liver-mediated multi-system inflammation after direct liver injury.
Monocyclic pteridine analogues. A pyrazine analogue of methotrexate

Reaction of aminocyanoacetamide with bromomethylpyruvaldoxime provided 3-amino-6-bromomethyl-2-carbamoylpyrazine 4-oxide (7), which was converted to a pyrazine analogue (3) of methotrexate by subsequent condensation with diethyl N-[4-(methylamino)benzoyl]-L-glutamate, deoxygenation, and hydrolysis. The methotrexate analogue 3 was a poor inhibitor (I50 > 150 μM) of bacterial or mammalian dihydrofolate reductase.
Exclusive Drell-Yan Production at Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order

I describe a parton-level Monte Carlo calculation of Drell-Yan production at next-to-next-to-leading order. The calculation is performed with a subtraction scheme in which the subtraction term is the squared matrix element itself. The method builds upon the Dipole Formalism and, with proper modifications, could be applied to deep inelastic scattering and e + e − annihilation to hadrons.
Assessment by Ames test and comet assay of toxicity potential of polymer used to develop field-capable rapid-detection device to analyze environmental samples

There is need for devices that decrease detection time of food-borne pathogens from days to real-time. In this study, a rapid-detection device is being developed and assessed for potential cytotoxicity. The device is comprised of melt-spun polypropylene coupons coated via oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) with 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), for conductivity and 3-Thiopheneethanol (3TE), allowing antibody attachment. The Ames test and comet assay have been used in this study to examine the toxicity potentials of EDOT, 3TE, and polymerized EDOT-co-3TE. For this study, Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 was used to assess the mutagenic potential of EDOT, 3TE and the copolymer. The average mutagenic potential of EDOT, 3TE and copolymer was calculated to be 0.86, 0.56, and 0.92, respectively. For mutagenic potential, on a scale from 0 to 1, close to 1 indicates low potential for toxicity, whereas a value of 0 indicates a high potential for toxicity. The comet assay is a single-cell gel electrophoresis technique that is widely used for this purpose. This assay measures toxicity based on the area or intensity of the comet-like shape that DNA fragments produce when DNA damage has occurred. Three cell lines were assessed; FRhK-4, BHK-21, and Vero cells. After averaging the results of all three strains, the tail intensity of the copolymer was 8.8 % and tail moment was 3.0, and is most similar to the untreated control, with average tail intensity of 5.7 % and tail moment of 1.7. The assays conducted in this study provide evidence that the copolymer is non-toxic to humans.
Coordination mechanisms for parallel machine scheduling

Abstract We consider coordination mechanisms for the distributed scheduling of n jobs on m parallel machines, where each agent holding a job selects a machine to process his/her own job. Without a central authority to construct a schedule, each agent acts selfishly to minimize his/her own disutility, which is either the completion time of the job or the congestion time (defined as the load of the machine on which the job is scheduled). However, the overall system performance is measured by a central objective which is quite different from the agents’ objective. In the literature, makespan is often considered as the central objective. We, however, investigate problems with other central objectives that minimize the total congestion time, the total completion time, the maximum tardiness, the total tardiness, and the number of tardy jobs. The performance deterioration of the central objective by a lack of central coordination, referred to as the price of anarchy, is typically measured by the maximum ratio of the objective function value of a Nash equilibrium schedule versus that of an optimal, coordinated schedule. In this paper we give bounds for the price of anarchy for the above objectives. For problems with due date related objectives, the price of anarchy may not be defined since the optimal value may be zero. In this case, we consider the maximum difference between the objective function value of an equilibrium schedule and the optimal value. We refer to this metric as the absolute price of anarchy and analyze its lower and upper bounds.
Purification of gramicidin A

A simple chromatographic purification of the naturally occurring ion channel-forming pentadecapeptide gramicidin A (gA) is presented. This procedure allows gA to be isolated in gram quantities from the commercially available mixture of isomers after chromatography on silica gel. The gramicidin A obtained in this manner is greater than 95% pure as determined by 1HNMR, HPLC, and amino acid analysis.
Genetic identification and characterization of limestone canyon virus, a unique Peromyscus-borne hantavirus.

Abstract Hantaviruses, family Bunyaviridae, are rodent-borne RNA viruses that can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in various regions of the Americas. A coevolutionary relationship exists between hantaviruses and their specific rodent reservoir hosts; the phylogeny of the viruses generally matches that of the rodents. There are several Peromyscus -borne hantaviruses, including Sin Nombre virus, the most common cause of HPS in North America. This report describes the genetic detection and characterization of a newly discovered Peromyscus boylii -borne virus, Limestone Canyon (LSC) virus, the most divergent member of the Peromyscus -borne hantaviruses to date. Analysis of a 1209-nucleotide region of the S segment of LSC virus showed it to be more closely related to hantaviruses found in harvest mice ( Reithrodontomys megalotis and R. mexicanus ) than to other Peromyscus -associated hantaviruses (Sin Nombre, New York, and Monongahela). Phylogenetic analysis of virtually the entire M genome segment (3489 nucleotides) of LSC virus revealed a similar picture in which LSC virus was found to be very distinct from other Peromyscus -associated viruses, but its exact relationship to the other Peromyscus -borne and the Reithrodontomys -borne viruses was not resolved. These results indicate that hantavirus host species-jumping events can occur by which a hantavirus may switch to, and become established in, a rodent host belonging to a different genus. P. boylii are present throughout the southwestern United States and central Mexico. More extensive screening of HPS patients by using RT–PCR assays will be necessary to determine if LSC virus can cause human disease.
Incorporating Undergraduate Advising in Teaching Information Literacy: Case Study for Academic Librarians as Advisors

The National Academic Advising Association (NACADA) Council for the Advancement of Standards (CAS) provides program guidelines for student learning and development outcomes. These recommended academic advising guidelines parallel those of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Information Literacy Competency Standards For Higher Education. Both standards focus on student behaviors and outcomes in higher education. The parallels that exist between academic advising and academic librarianship are confirmed by the case study described in this paper, in which an academic librarian served as an undergraduate academic advisor for one year.
PMS treatment approaches and progesterone therapy.

Abstract Two hundred thirty-nine patients met the diagnostic criteria for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or possible PMS and were first treated with multiple nonhormonal approaches. After six weeks, 35% reported good improvement. Of 107 unimproved patients who subsequently received progesterone therapy, 53% reported good improvement at the six-month follow-up. This report suggests the range of treatment responses among women who seek treatment for premenstrual symptoms, but placebo-controlled study is essential. It appears useful to provide conservative treatment initially, with the addition of hormonal therapies only when symptoms are not reduced.
Activation of the alternative complement pathway and production of Factor H by skeletal myotubes

Skeletal muscle myotubes from neonatal rats were used to study the interaction of skeletal muscle with complement. Serum from guinea pig, rabbit, and human, in the absence of muscle-specific antibody, caused creatine phosphokinase release, which required activation of the terminal complement cascade. Cleavage of serum C3 and Factor B in the presence of myotubes was dependent on Mg2+, but not Ca2+, and C3 cleavage occurred only in the presence of Factor B. Rat myotubes caused significant consumption of C8 and C9 in rat serum, which also required Mg2+, but not Ca2+. All of these findings are typical of a tissue capable of activating the alternative pathway. In addition, the C2 myotube cell line was shown to produce Factor H, an inhibitory protein of the alternative pathway, as demonstrated by Factor H mRNA expression and immunoprecipitation of the protein.
Ticks Removed from Dogs and Animal Care Personnel in Orangeburg County, South Carolina

ABSTRACT Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) were collected from animals and workers at veterinary clinics and animal shelters in Orangeburg County, South Carolina from April to December 1994. Frequently recovered species were Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Amblyomma maculatum Koch, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille), Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (L.). Except for four A. americanum nymphs, only adult ticks were collected. Ixodes scapularis was collected in the fall, winter, and spring and R. sanguineus was present during most months. All other species were active during the spring and summer. A brief discussion of the medical and veterinary importance of each species is included.
Listening to Harlem: Gentrification, Community, and Business by David Maurrasse

David Maurrasse, Listening to Harlem: Gentrification, Community, and Business (New York: Routledge, 2006).Gentrification and its consequences are of great interest to scholars, policymakers, commun...
Membrane bioreactor process for removing biodegradable organic matter from water

This research investigated a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for removing biodegradable organic matter (BOM) and trihalomethane (THM) precursors from pre-ozonated water. Bench-scale and mini-pilot-scale MBR experiments were conducted using powdered activated carbon (PAC) and acclimated biomass. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was removed through a combination of adsorption and biodegradation mechanisms, and the initial DOC removals depended on carbon dose, while steady-state removals were in the 20–60 percent range under various operating conditions. Both assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and total aldehydes were mostly removed to near detection limits and were not affected by PAC dosage. The AOCNOX removals were significantly higher than AOCP17 or total AOC removals probably because the MBR microbial consortium was closer in characteristics to Aquaspirillum NOX than to Pseudomonas fluorescens (P17). The DOC was used instead of biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC) as a parameter for evaluating disinfection byproduct formation and bacterial regrowth potentials because BDOC assays did not yield consistent and conclusive results due to analytical difficulties. The removals of THM precursors were high when PAC was added; however, steady-state removals were a function of operating conditions and PAC dosage. Addition of PAC enhanced DOC removals and membrane permeate fluxes. Furthermore, pre-ozonation reduced membrane fouling and enhanced membrane permeate flux.
Teachers' Preferences to Teach Underserved Students.

To increase the supply of teachers into underserved schools, teacher educators and policymakers commonly use two approaches: (a) recruit individuals who already report strong preferences to work in...
Photonic explorers based on multifunctional nanoplatforms for biosensing and photodynamic therapy

Nanoparticle-based photonic explorers have been developed for intracellular sensing and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The design employs nanoparticles made of various matrices as multifunctional nanoplatforms, loading active components by encapsulation or covalent attachment. The nanoplatform for biosensing has been successfully applied to intracellular measurements of important ionic and molecular species. The nanoplatform for PDT has shown high therapeutic efficacy in a rat 9L gliosarcoma model. Specifically, a multifunctional nanoplatform that encompasses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PDT agents inside, as well as targeting ligands on the surface, has been developed and applied in vivo, resulting in much improved MRI contrast enhancement and PDT efficacy.
Demoralization, Hypomanic Activation, and Disconstraint Scores on MMPI-2 Scales as Significant Predictors of Hypersexual Behavior

This article reports the findings of a study investigating which facets of psychopathology are most strongly associated with hypersexual behavior among a patient sample (N = 151). Psychopathology was measured using the Restructured Clinical scales and the PSY-5 scales of the MMPI-2, and hypersexual behavior was measured using the Sexual Compulsivity Scale. Regression analysis revealed that Demoralization was the strongest predictor of scores on a measure of hypersexuality, with Hypomanic Activation on the RC scales and Disconstraint on the PSY-5 scales making additional modest, but statistically significant, contributions. Although some MMPI-2 scales were significantly elevated, an important finding of the current investigation is the lack of elevations across many MMPI-2 scales. The results of these findings are addressed and recommendations for future research are discussed.
An unsplit Godunov method for systems of conservation laws on curvilinear overlapping grids

The overlapping grid or Chimera method for representation of complex geometries within the context of finite difference methods has been used effectively for a variety of problems, particularly in the area hydrodynamic simulation. In this paper, we introduce a second-order unsplit upwind method of Godunov type for curvilinear coordinates and apply it to gas dynamics simulations involving complex geometries by using overlapping grids.
Alterations in plasma volume, electrolytes and protein during incremental exercise at different pedal speeds

We investigated the effects of pedal speed on changes in plasma volume, electrolytes and protein during incremental exercise. Ten adult males participated in two, 30 minute incremental cycle ergometer exercise tests at room temperature (22 degrees C, rh = 56%). Exercise load was increased from 20 to 70% of peak VO2. Five minutes were spent at each of six stages which were equally spaced in exercise intensity. Subjects pedaled at 50 (50 RPM) and 90 (90 RPM) rev.min-1. Venous blood samples were drawn prior to exercise and during the last minute of each stage. Relative plasma volume changes showed a progressive hemoconcentration during the exercise. There were no significant differences due to pedal speed as plasma volume loss averaged -7.3% during exercise. [Na+], [Cl-], and [K+] increased significantly during exercise but were not influenced by pedal speed. Changes in plasma protein and albumin concentrations indicated that there was a loss of globulin from the vascular volume in both conditions and an addition of albumin to the plasma in 50 RPM. The difference in plasma albumin dynamics was possibly related to an effect of pedal speed on movement of fluid in the lymphatic vessels of the legs.
A NEW BIRTH OF FREEDOM FOR EDUCATION

1Based on Address at the Fourth National Convention, Citizens for Educational Freedom, Detroit, Mich., August 10, 1963.
Hands on Efforts Designed to Increase Design and Manufacturing Preparedness of Undergraduate Students

In an effort to better prepare the future workforce for sought after engineering skills, the mechanical engineering program at the University of North Florida (UNF) has updated its undergraduate curriculum to reflect these needs and is also providing its students with opportunities outside of the academic curriculum. This paper addresses how objectives of increasing the design and manufacturing preparedness of undergraduate students, increasing students' skills in applying theory to practice, and at the same time improving the students' communication skills can be achieved. In meeting these objectives the program has developed a course, Integrated Design and Manufacturing, The course also helps to provide the students with research opportunities with the local industry, and organizes opportunities for the undergraduate students to attend conferences to present their research findings.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Surgical management of otitis media (recurrent and nonsuppurative)

In 1977 Paradise outlined the role of tympanostomy tubes in nonsuppurative otitis media. Over the intervening 10 years the role has changed little. Exceptions would be the demonstrated advantage of tube placement over myringotomy alone in those patients with effusion for longer than 2 or 3 months, or over prophylactic sulfonamide or placebo in recurrent otitis media.
The distribution of references across texts: Some implications for citation analysis

Abstract In citation network analysis, complex behavior is reduced to a simple edge, namely, node A cites node B. The implicit assumption is that A is giving credit to, or acknowledging, B. It is also the case that the contributions of all citations are treated equally, even though some citations appear multiply in a text and others appear only once. In this study, we apply text-mining algorithms to a relatively large dataset (866 information science articles containing 32,496 bibliographic references) to demonstrate the differential contributions made by references. We (1) look at the placement of citations across the different sections of a journal article, and (2) identify highly cited works using two different counting methods (CountOne and CountX). We find that (1) the most highly cited works appear in the Introduction and Literature Review sections of citing papers, and (2) the citation rankings produced by CountOne and CountX differ. That is to say, counting the number of times a bibliographic reference is cited in a paper rather than treating all references the same no matter how many times they are invoked in the citing article reveals the differential contributions made by the cited works to the citing paper.
Medical and surgical management of otitis media in children

OM, though frequent and seemingly simple to evaluate and manage, remains a treatment challenge. Increasingly sophisticated clinical trials assessing OM medical treatment efficacy and outcome have demonstrated that many treatment regimens that were commonly used a decade ago are no longer recommended. Surgical therapy for OM, though remaining the same, has come under intense scrutiny from several angles but still plays a central role for this disease. Given the multiple facets of OM, its frequency, and its potential to cause short- and long-term morbidity in children, the next decade is sure to bring further treatment innovations.
Introduction to positional cloning

The most common procedure for isolating genes that predispose to a certain disease is positional cloning. This process is initiated by mapping the responsible gene to its location on a chromosome linked to the disease. Successive cloning of the region results in the isolation of candidate genes. Finally, identification of mutations by mutational analysis points to the correct gene.
VALIDITY OF A NON-PROJECTIVE ANXIETY SCALE FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

This study attempted to validate the Anxiety Scale, an individual test of anxiety for preschool children, by relating test performance to adults' ratings and maternal anxiety. 45 preschool boys and girls were administered the Anxiety Scale while ratings of anxiety were collected by the teaching staff; maternal anxiety was assessed by administering the A-Trait section of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Correlation coefficients between Anxiety Scale scores, ratings of anxiety, and A-Trait scores were nonsignificant. Findings were discussed in terms of situational factors and parent-child roles.
Large neurons in the primate neostriatum examined with the combined Golgi‐electron microscopic method

Large neurons in the monkey neostriatum were examined in the electron microscope in tissue treated with the rapid-Golgi impregnation method followed by the gold-toning procedure. Two types of large neurons were investigated: an aspiny neuron (aspiny type II; N = 5) with numerous varicose dendrites and a spiny cell (spiny type II; N = 1) with few sparsely spined dendrites. The large aspiny neurons had variably shaped somata, an eccentric highly invaginated nucleus, and a cytoplasm rich in organelles. Mitochondria were distributed unevenly in dendrites and were localized primarily in varicosities. Some mitochondria exhibited dense hodies 80–300 nm in size. Most synapses (84%) onto large aspiny neurons occurred 20 μm or more from the cell body and contacted dendritic varicosities (63%). A smaller proportion of boutons (21%) contacted constricted portions of varicose segments. A low incidence of synaptic boutons was observed on smooth primary and secondary dendrites (11%), cell bodies (3%), and branch points (2%). Seven percent of the axons that synapsed with large aspiny neurons also contacted nearby dendrites or spines of medium-sized spiny neurons. At least eight morphologically distinct types of axons making synapses with large aspiny neurons were identified and included both symmetric and asymmetric types. The large spiny neuron was different from the large aspiny neuron in its subcellular characteristics. Synapses were found on all portions of the cell, including the axon initial segment, but fewer types of axonal inputs were identified. These findings confirm that the two types of large neurons identified in Golgi impregnations of the primate neostriatum are also different at the ultrastructural level, both in their cytological features and in their synaptic organization. The large aspiny neuron integrates synaptic inputs that innervate a relatively large area of caudate neuropil and appear to arise from a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic sources. The high density of synaptic inputs to dendritic varicosities suggests that they have an important functional role.
"Strangely Jumbled": Attitudes Toward the Native Other in Melville's and D. H. Lawrence's Captivity Narratives

DH. Lawrence was a magpie. Anything colorful enough to catch his eye might go into the building of a story: friends and people he met in passing, their conversations, their houses, their landscapes, their desires, and any of their private feelings that he might detect.1 Lawrence incorporates all these items into his fictional captivity narrative, “The Woman Who Rode Away.”2 Written in 1924 soon after he had traveled down the west coast of Mexico, the story begins in the Mexican landscape that Lawrence encountered on that trip, but the secret mountain village where the woman is held captive by supposedly Mexican Indians is in fact a Pueblo Indian village, with its houses and dances meticulously described, uprooted from the United States and transported south. Of particular interest for Melville and Lawrence scholars alike is the link that Lawrence provides between two sites he knew from the real world, the fictional woman’s home and her place of captivity. He links them through a scene lifted from Typee, a landscape familiar to Lawrence only from Melville’s fiction. Perhaps that scene brought along with it further Melvillean elements that appear in Lawrence’s story, such as the idea of the otherworld journey, cultural cliches about tribal practices, concepts of both the ailing and alien body, experiences of interracial touching and gazing, and, above all, a deeply ambiguous attitude toward the natives that the protagonist encounters. Furthermore, Lawrence interrogates the genre of the captivity narrative in general and Melville’s story in particular, as well as his own penchant for romanticizing the native Other. Both Typee and “The Woman Who Rode Away” involve a quest-like flight from a familiar but imprisoning environment toward a land of tribal
How do novel signals originate? The evolution of fairy-wren songs from predator to display contexts

Revealing the evolutionary origin of novel traits is a long-standing challenge in evolutionary biology. The dynamics of antipredator signalling and conspecific advertisement provide one framework in which to investigate this phenomenon, because shifts in signal context may lead to new signal functions, novel evolutionary pressures and ultimately novel phenotypes. Several species of fairy-wrens (Maluridae: Malurus) give song-like trills (‘Type II song’) in response to vocalizations of avian predators. Despite this predator context, in some species the trills appear to function as conspecific-directed displays. We investigated two hypotheses for the evolutionary origin of predator-elicited Type II songs: (1) they originated as antipredator signals, then shifted to a display context and subsequently became more elaborate because selection pressures changed; or alternatively (2) they originated as conspecific-directed songs, then shifted to a predator context to exploit an effective communication window. Using predator playbacks and samples of natural dawn chorus recordings, we found that many Malurus species gave trills in response to predators, but only a subset gave unprompted trills during dawn chorus displays, and ancestral state reconstructions suggested that the predator-elicited context evolved first. Additionally, species that used trills more often (in both predator and unsolicited contexts) tended to have longer trills with a faster note rate, suggesting that trills have evolved a higher performance as they became a more important part of the display repertoire. Our results support the hypothesis that trill displays originated through the elaboration of predator context calls and provide an example of a shift in signal context leading to novel signal phenotypes.
Early breast tumor and late SARS detections using space- variant multispectral infrared imaging at a single pixel

We proposed the physics approach to solve a physical inverse problem, namely to choose the unique equilibrium solution (at the minimum free energy: H= E - ToS, including the Wiener, l.m.s E, and ICA, Max S, as special cases). The "unsupervised classification" presumes that required information must be learned and derived directly and solely from the data alone, in consistence with the classical Duda-Hart ATR definition of the "unlabelled data". Such truly unsupervised methodology is presented for space-variant imaging processing for a single pixel in the real world case of remote sensing, early tumor detections and SARS. The indeterminacy of the multiple solutions of the inverse problem is regulated or selected by means of the absolute minimum of isothermal free energy as the ground truth of local equilibrium condition at the single-pixel foot print.
Tapping the Subjective Values Present in Negotiations: Face, Feelings, and Friendships

The article considers the importance of subjective, social psychological values in negotiations. The author cites research by Jared Curhan and Heng Xu at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Hillary Anger Elfenbein at the University of California, Berkeley. The researchers looked at the feelings of negotiating parties about the terms, the process, the relationship with the other party, and their own roles, assessing the parties' senses of self-esteem, pride, and self-efficacy. Researchers found that psychological outcomes shape how the parties will approach future negotiations, particularly with the same other party. The research tool--the Subjective Value Inventory--can be used in training sales staff and in gauging the validity of organizational assertions of collegiality.
Integrative Information Visualization of Multimodality Neuroimaging Data

This paper presents a novel integrative information visualization framework for cross-subject neuroimaging data analysis. The framework can integrate multimodal information captured by different imaging modalities and population-based statistical information presented by different subjects. In this framework, accurate registration of cortical structures is the foundation for the information integration across population. We present a non-rigid intersubject brain surface registration method using conformal structure and spherical thin-plate splines. Spherical thin-plate splines are designed to explicitly match prominent homologous landmarks, and meanwhile, interpolate a global deformation field on the spherical domain, registering brain surfaces in a transformed space. Subsequently, an approach for the integrative information fusion and visualization is presented to handle multimodality neuroimaging data. The entire framework demonstrates its usefulness in multimodality neuroimaging data analysis across subjects.
Amelogenin: a potential regulator of cementum-associated genes.

Background: Studies suggest that enamel matrix proteins induce differentiation and mineralization of a variety of mesenchymal cells, including odontoblasts, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts. It has been postulated that this activity could be due to amelogenin-like proteins, known to be present in some mixtures of enamel matrix derivatives. Amelogenins have been reported to induce expression of a mineralized tissue-specific marker, bone sialoprotein (BSP), indicating that epithelial products can regulate the activity of mesenchyme-derived cells. Methods: To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in BSP regulation, a clonal population of immortalized murine cementoblasts (OCCM-30) was exposed to full-length murine amelogenin protein (rp(H)M180), 0.1 µg/ml to 10.0 µg/ml, for 8 days in vitro. To further investigate the potential epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, an amelogenin knockout mouse model was used to examine expression of BSP and other markers, including Type I collagen, in tissue samples. Results: The lowest dose of amelogenin slightly enhanced BSP expression, whereas at the highest dose, a dramatic decrease (three-fold) in BSP expression was observed. Parallel experiments showed a corresponding decrease in mineral nodule formation in vitro for cells treated with the higher dose of rp(H)M180. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis of sections from amelogenin null mice revealed a dramatic reduction in expression of BSP mRNA and protein in cementoblasts and surrounding osteoblasts in comparison to age-matched controls. In contrast, the expression of Type I collagen was not significantly different from controls. Conclusion: These data suggest that amelogenin may be a critical signaling molecule required for appropriate development of the periodontium. J Periodontol 2003;74:1423-1431.
Enhanced transcardiac I-norepinephrine response during cold pressor test in obstructive coronary artery disease

Studies during the past decade have demonstrated that sympathetic nervous activity can play an important role in the regulation of coronary blood flow. It became apparent that alpha adrenergic mediated coronary vasoconstriction can compete with metabolically-induced coronary vasodilatation, particularly in myocardial regions with decreased coronary reserve [1–7]. Recent studies have also emphasized that increased sympathetic nervous activity enhanced ventricular irritability and lowers the threshold to ventricular fibrillation in the ischemic myocardium [8–11]. Since these observations suggest that increases in sympathetic nervous activity could place the patient with obstructive coronary artery disease at increased risk, we measured arterial and coronary sinus 1-norepinephrine contents during relatively mild sympathetic stress in this patient category and compared their response of transcardiac 1-norepinephrine pattern to that in patients with normal coronary arteries. We selected cold pressor stimulation because it is probably similar to the level of sympathetic stress experienced frequently during daily life. Our data indicate that there is a substantially greater increase in coronary sinus 1-norepinephrine concentrations in the patients with obstructive coronary artery disease compared to those without disease.
Phosphorus Chemistry. II1 A Stereoselective Olefination

Abstract Reduction of an α-ketophosphonium salt with sodium borohydride yields a trisubstituted olefin with a stereoselectivity opposite to that observed in the reaction of a disubstituted ylide with the corresponding aldehyde.