cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Agent Based Simulation of Enterprises Migration: A Case Study of Guangdong Province

Enterprises migration is a common phenomenon in the evolution of regional economic development,extensive corporation relocation activities will reshape the spatial pattern of regional industry.In this paper,the rules for corporate relocation decision-making were proposed based on research on mechanism of migration decision-making,and a simulation model was developed by integrating agent-based approach with GIS.The simulation model was then applied to simulate the spatial phenomenon of enterprises in the Pearl River Delta migrating to the eastern,western and northern parts of Guangdong Province.The result shows that the counties and municipal districts near PRD are best choice to migrate to,while the northern part has the minimum potential,this is relatively similar to the actual situation.Using agentbased modeling approach to analyze the behavior of corporate migration decision-making can effectively compensate for the deficiencies of traditional research,and provide a new way for corporate migration modeling,and scientific references for government to both conduct corporate migration and industry transfer,and formulate industrial policy.
Introducer Development for Coronary Sinus Access From Parasternal Mediastinotomy.

ObjectiveRight parasternal mediastinotomy with right atriotomy has been used clinically for pacemaker insertion. A similar approach might facilitate access to the coronary sinus for biventricular p...
Generating Effective Risk Messages: How Scary Should Your Risk Communication Be?

No consensus exists on how to develop effective risk messages that motivate appropriate action yet do not unduly frighten people. A useful framework for developing risk messages is the extended parallel process model (EPPM). The EPPM suggests that when people are faced with health or environmental risks, they are motivated to either control the danger or control their fear. This chapter offers a description of how the EPPM can explain public responses to risk messages, and then reports on two pilot studies that illustrate how existing audience perceptions can be used in the design and generation of effective risk management messages.
Validation of IP Security and Trust

System-on-chip (SoC) designers may have to outsource Intellectual Properties (IPs) to meet time-to-market constraints. The IPs may be collected from untrusted third parties and it raises major security concerns. An adversary can embed malicious components that are hard to detect. However, when the malicious components are triggered, the correct functionality of the design is deviated and critical information such as secret keys may be leaked. Therefore, it is vital to validate IPs from security aspects alongside with functionality, timing, and other requirements. In this chapter, we review the existing security validation methods for soft IP cores using a combination of simulation-based validation and formal methods.
Vision‐Based Integrated Techniques for Collision Avoidance Systems

Vehicle detection and lane detection form integral part of most advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). While most systems employ individual algorithms for the two tasks, synergistic use of the two algorithms is less explored. In this chapter, we introduce an integrated approach called efficient lane and vehicle detection with integrated synergies (ELVIS) that exploits the inherent synergies between lane and on‐road vehicle detection to improve the overall computational efficiency without compromising on the robustness of both the tasks. While the lane information is used to localize the possible candidates for vehicle detection, the detection output from the vehicle detector is used for customizing the parameters for lane detection. Such a synergistic approach not only increases the accuracy of both the tasks but also enables reduction in computational cost in the context of embedded computing architectures. Detailed evaluations show that the vehicle detection component of ELVIS shows at least 50% lesser false alarms with equal or better detection rates, and reducing the computational costs by over 90% as compared to state‐of‐the‐art vehicle detection methods. Similarly, the lane detection component shows more reliable lane feature extraction with average computation costs that are at least 35% lesser than existing techniques.
Abstract 353: Diabetes Induces Increased Expression of Matricellular Osteoblast Factor Periostin and Inhibits the Calcification Inhibitor Matrix Gla Protein (mgp) in Rat Aorta

It is increasingly recognized that diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and vascular calcification. To understand the mechanism of vascular calcification in diabetes we used a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Rats were fed ad libitum with diet containing 45 kcal % fat (soybean oil and lard with 0.95 mg cholesterol /gram of lard), 35 kcal % carbohydrates and 20% kcal protein (HF diet) for eight weeks, followed by a single low dose of stz (30mg/kg intra peritoneally). Rats were then allowed to developed diabetes for sixteen weeks. Average blood glucose in diabetic HF rats 517.6mg/dl vs 87.8mg/dl in HF rats. The expression and immunohistochemical changes were analyzed in aorta of these rats after sixteen weeks of diabetes. Conformational specific gamma carboxylated (Gla) and undercarboxylated (Glu) MGP antibodies were used to assess the expression of Gla and Glu MGP in control and diabetic HF rat aorta. Western blot analysis show significantly reduced expression of Gla MGP in diabetic HF rat aorta and higher Glu MGP expression compared to control rat aorta suggesting that diabetic conditions inhibit the gamma carboxylation of MGP in aorta, gamma carboxylation modification is necessary for the MGP to work as physiological calcification inhibitor. Similarly, immunohistochemical analysis of diabetic HF rat and control rat aorta show increased staining of Glu MGP than Gla MGP compared to control rat aorta further confirm our Western data that modification of Gla MGP is inhibited in diabetic HF rats. Furthermore, immuno-histochemical data also show significantly increased in diabetic HF rat aorta expression of Periostin a matricellular osteoblast specific factor expression compared to control rat aorta. Our findings suggest that active diabetes impair the physiological properties of calcification inhibitor Gla MGP in aorta and increases the osteogenic factors in diabetic HF rats. Increased expression of osteoblastic factor and inhibition of Gla MGP suggests that diabetic HF rat aorta is under active transformation to become more bone like, precursor of arterial calcification.
Robust Short-Lag Spatial Coherence Imaging

Short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) imaging displays the spatial coherence between backscattered ultrasound echoes instead of their signal amplitudes and is more robust to noise and clutter artifacts when compared with traditional delay-and-sum (DAS) B-mode imaging. However, SLSC imaging does not consider the content of images formed with different lags, and thus does not exploit the differences in tissue texture at each short-lag value. Our proposed method improves SLSC imaging by weighting the addition of lag values (i.e., M-weighting) and by applying robust principal component analysis (RPCA) to search for a low-dimensional subspace for projecting coherence images created with different lag values. The RPCA-based projections are considered to be denoised versions of the originals that are then weighted and added across lags to yield a final robust SLSC (R-SLSC) image. Our approach was tested on simulation, phantom, and in vivo liver data. Relative to DAS B-mode images, the mean contrast, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improvements with R-SLSC images are 21.22 dB, 2.54, and 2.36, respectively, when averaged over simulated, phantom, and in vivo data and over all lags considered, which corresponds to mean improvements of 96.4%, 121.2%, and 120.5%, respectively. When compared with SLSC images, the corresponding mean improvements with R-SLSC images were 7.38 dB, 1.52, and 1.30, respectively (i.e., mean improvements of 14.5%, 50.5%, and 43.2%, respectively). Results show great promise for smoothing out the tissue texture of SLSC images and enhancing anechoic or hypoechoic target visibility at higher lag values, which could be useful in clinical tasks such as breast cyst visualization, liver vessel tracking, and obese patient imaging.
Infant brain tumors.

This article describes the histology and location of brain tumors in young children as well as the presenting features of tumors in this age group and then focuses on three tumor types: medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and chiasmatic optic glioma. The discussion proceeds in terms of prognosis, late effects of treatment, and current and future strategies for treatment.
The relationship between observational scale and explained variance in benthic communities.

This study addresses the impact of spatial scale on explaining variance in benthic communities. In particular, the analysis estimated the fraction of community variation that occurred at a spatial scale smaller than the sampling interval (i.e., the geographic distance between samples). This estimate is important because it sets a limit on the amount of community variation that can be explained based on the spatial configuration of a study area and sampling design. Six benthic data sets were examined that consisted of faunal abundances, common environmental variables (water depth, grain size, and surficial percent cover), and sonar backscatter treated as a habitat proxy (categorical acoustic provinces). Redundancy analysis was coupled with spatial variograms generated by multiscale ordination to quantify the explained and residual variance at different spatial scales and within and between acoustic provinces. The amount of community variation below the sampling interval of the surveys ( 71% of the remaining variance was explained by the environmental and province variables. Furthermore, these variables effectively explained the spatial structure present in the infaunal community. Overall, no scale problems remained to compromise inferences, and unexplained infaunal community variation had no apparent spatial structure within the observational scale of the surveys (> 100 m), although small-scale gradients (< 100 m) below the observational scale may be present.
Uniformly Pathwise Connected Continua

Publisher Summary This chapter presents answer to the questions whether there exist a common model in the class of uniformly arcwise connected (u.a.c) fans and whether there exist a common model in the class of u.a.c. dendroids. It also presents reparameterization construction. Each member of P is parameterized so that one can get an equicontinuous family P' of paths. Thus, if X is a u.p.c. continuum, then via a reparameterization, one can find an equicontinuous family of paths in X such that any pair of points in X is joined by a path from the family. The existence of such a family of paths in a continuum is a necessary and sufficient condition for the continuum to be a continuous image of the cone over the Cantor set. This answers automatically both of the Charatonik–Eberhart questions.
Magnetospheric Currents during Substorms

One of the most important aspects of the magnetospheric substorm is that during it there occurs a large-scale change of the distribution of electric currents in the magnetosphere and the ionosphere. In Sections 5.5 and 6.5, it was suggested that the main cause of this change is the disruption of the cross-tail current in a limited region in the magnetotail and its diversion to the polar ionosphere. The diverted current should flow into the poleward half of the auroral oval in the morning and forenoon sectors, and out from the oval in the afternoon and evening sectors; see Figure 7.1. In this chapter, this current system is referred to as the substorm current system. It should be noted that the quiet time current system (S q p ) has a similar distribution (Sections 1.3.2, 1.3.6 and 1.3.7) and thus the substorm current system may appear as an intensification of the S q p current system. In Section 7.2 of this chapter, we examine carefully whether the observed magnetic field disturbances Δ B (X, Y, Z) at various points in the magnetosphere during substorms are consistent with those which we expected from the diverted cross-tail current.
Key Clinical Findings

A 65-year-old male with history of coronary artery disease, anterior wall myocardial infarction 10 years ago, ischemic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular ejection fraction of 30%, presents to the emergency room with worsening dyspnea on exertion and orthopnea for 1 week. On examination, his heart rate is 88 beats/min (bpm) and regular, blood pressure is 126/74 mmHg, respiratory rate is 18/min with oxygen saturation measuring 94% at room air. The jugular venous pressure (JVP) is elevated to 14 cm of water. Examination of the lungs is notable for bibasilar rales. Cardiovascular exam reveals a laterally displaced apical impulse. The S1 is normal, S2 is physiologically split, and there is a moderately loud S3. There is no audible murmur. Abdominal examination reveals mild hepatomegaly, with the edge 2 cm below the costal margin, with no evidence of ascites. The lower extremities demonstrate moderate pitting edema to the mid-calf bilaterally.
Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies: kindred pathologic cascades and genetic pleiotropy.

We review the literature on Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies in aged human brains and the relevant underlying pathogenetic cascades. Complex interacting pathways are implicated in Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), wherein multiple proteins tend to misfold in a manner that is “reactive,” but, subsequently, each proteinopathy may contribute strongly to the clinical symptoms. Tau proteinopathy exists in brains of individuals across a broad spectrum of primary underlying conditions—e.g., developmental, traumatic, and inflammatory/infectious diseases. TDP-43 proteinopathy is also expressed in a wide range of clinical disorders. Although TDP-43 proteinopathy was first described in the central nervous system of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in subtypes of frontotemporal dementia (FTD/FTLD), TDP-43 proteinopathy is also present in chronic traumatic encephalopathy, cognitively impaired persons in advanced age with hippocampal sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and other diseases. We list known Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. There is also evidence of cellular co-localization between Tau and TDP-43 misfolded proteins, suggesting common pathways or protein interactions facilitating misfolding in one protein by the other. Multiple pleiotropic gene variants can alter risk for Tau or TDP-43 pathologies, and certain gene variants (e.g., APOE e4, Huntingtin triplet repeats) are associated with increases of both Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. Studies of genetic risk factors have provided insights into multiple nodes of the pathologic cascades involved in Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies. Variants from a specific gene can be either a low-penetrant risk factor for a group of diseases, or alternatively, a different variant of the same gene may be a disease-driving allele that is associated with a relatively aggressive and early-onset version of a clinically and pathologically specific disease type. Overall, a complex but enlightening paradigm has emerged, wherein both Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies are linked to numerous overlapping upstream influences, and both are associated with multiple downstream pathologically- and clinically-defined deleterious effects. Neurodegenerative diseases evolve in multi-factorial manners, yet coherent paradigms are emerging. Both Tau and TDP-43 proteinopathies are linked to multiple upstream influences, and both are connected with numerous deleterious downstream endpoints. Gene variants can be either disease-specific, or, exert influence on the misfolding pathology itself rather than the upstream cause.
Acute Cerebellar Ataxia Associated with Modest Elevation of Anti-GAD Antibodies in a Young Patient.

Background: Anti-GAD-related cerebellar ataxia has rarely been described as an acute cause of autoimmune ataxia. Phenomenology Shown: A young female who acutely developed anti-GAD-associated ataxia with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing cerebellar edema and follow-up MRI 6 months later showing cerebellar atrophy. Educational Value: Recognizing that anti-GAD-associated cerebellar ataxia can present in a young adult as an acute and severe cause of ataxia, with cerebellar changes evident on MRI.
Impact of Reported β-Lactam Allergy on Management of Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections.

Background:Antistaphylococcal β-lactams antibiotics are the preferred treatment for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections. Patient-reported β-lactam allergies may complicate...
Monitoring impacts of clean cookstoves and fuels with the Fuel Use Electronic Logger (FUEL): Results of pilot testing

Abstract Objective, affordable, and unobtrusive monitoring tools are needed to quantify in-field performance and increase user acceptance rates of clean cookstoves and fuels. To meet this need, researchers have developed the Fuel Use Electronic Logger (FUEL), a sensor-based system that monitors the mass of a household fuel supply and cookstove temperature over time to quantify cookstove adoption and use, fuel consumption, and extrapolate to air quality and climate emissions. Following proof-of-concept studies in Honduras and Uganda, a pilot study was conducted in 44 rural Ugandan households monitoring over an average of 45 days. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate sensor usability and technical performance, inform algorithm development, and demonstrate how FUEL data can be used to quantify key stove performance metrics. Usability results indicated that the FUEL accurately monitored fuel consumption 88% of monitoring days, and 78% of households continued to use the fuel holder without the sensor 8 months after the monitoring period. Fuel consumption was reported per cooking event, day, monitoring period, household, and per capita. Results showed high daily variability in each household, suggesting that longer monitoring durations are needed, with estimation error decreasing from 72% at 4 days to 6.5% relative to a 25-day monitoring period. Cooking duration paired with fuel consumption also provided indicators of average firepower and therefore operational practices across households. Use of emission factors with fuel consumption data estimated carbon savings, showing that stacking of an improved and traditional stove will contribute to higher fuel consumption and carbon emissions per capita than households using a single improved stove. These results highlight the potential of the FUEL system to aid in more effective and accurate quantification of long-term technical performance and adoption, while increasing the transparency and impact of improved cookstove projects.
β-amyloid model core peptides: Effects of hydrophobes and disulfides

The mechanism by which a disordered peptide nucleates and forms amyloid is incompletely understood. A central domain of β-amyloid (Aβ21-30) has been proposed to have intrinsic structural propensities that guide the limited formation of structure in the process of fibrillization. In order to test this hypothesis, we examine several internal fragments of Aβ, and variants of these either cyclized or with an N-terminal Cys. While Aβ21-30 and variants were always monomeric and unstructured (circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS)), we found that the addition of flanking hydrophobic residues in Aβ16-34 led to formation of typical amyloid fibrils. NMR showed no long-range nuclear overhauser effect (nOes) in Aβ21-30, Aβ16-34, or their variants, however. Serial 1 H-15 N-heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy, 1 H-1 H nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy, and 1 H-1 H total correlational spectroscopy spectra were used to follow aggregation of Aβ16-34 and Cys-Aβ16-34 at a site-specific level. The addition of an N-terminal Cys residue (in Cys-Aβ16-34) increased the rate of fibrillization which was attributable to disulfide bond formation. We propose a scheme comparing the aggregation pathways for Aβ16-34 and Cys-Aβ16-34, according to which Cys-Aβ16-34 dimerizes, which accelerates fibril formation. In this context, cysteine residues form a focal point that guides fibrillization, a role which, in native peptides, can be assumed by heterogeneous nucleators of aggregation.
Treatment of neoplastic fever and sweats in two cancer patients with oxybutynin.

128Background: Treatment for neoplastic fevers and sweating (NFS) is usually accomplished successfully with non-steroidal drugs (NSAIDs) such as naproxen, but such therapies may be contraindicated ...
Treatment Stratification of Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer by Machine Learning.

Summary Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the Western world. One-third of the patients with prostate cancer will develop resistance to hormonal therapy and progress into metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Currently, docetaxel is a preferred treatment for mCRPC. However, about 20% of the patients will undergo early therapeutic failure owing to adverse events induced by docetaxel-based chemotherapy. There is an emergent need for a computational model that can accurately stratify patients into docetaxel-tolerable and docetaxel-intolerable groups. Here we present the best-performing algorithm in the Prostate Cancer DREAM Challenge for predicting adverse events caused by docetaxel treatment. We integrated the survival status and severity of adverse events into our model, which is an innovative way to complement and stratify the treatment discontinuation information. Critical stratification biomarkers were further identified in determining the treatment discontinuation. Our model has the potential to improve future personalized treatment in mCRPC.
Versatile CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mosaic analysis by gRNA-induced crossing-over for unmodified genomes.

Mosaic animals have provided the platform for many fundamental discoveries in developmental biology, cell biology, and other fields. Techniques to produce mosaic animals by mitotic recombination have been extensively developed in Drosophila melanogaster but are less common for other laboratory organisms. Here, we report mosaic analysis by gRNA-induced crossing-over (MAGIC), a new technique for generating mosaic animals based on DNA double-strand breaks produced by CRISPR/Cas9. MAGIC efficiently produces mosaic clones in both somatic tissues and the germline of Drosophila. Further, by developing a MAGIC toolkit for 1 chromosome arm, we demonstrate the method’s application in characterizing gene function in neural development and in generating fluorescently marked clones in wild-derived Drosophila strains. Eliminating the need to introduce recombinase-recognition sites into the genome, this simple and versatile system simplifies mosaic analysis in Drosophila and can in principle be applied in any organism that is compatible with CRISPR/Cas9.
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controllers

In the point of view of control types, the fuzzy logic control technology can be divided into two categories: type-1 and type-2. So far, the fuzzy logic control technologies discussed in all previous chapters in this book belong to the type-1 fuzzy logic controls. In type-1 FLC, each membership function has a definite value or a membership degree based on the current input or output value. Also, the control rules have a two-to-one, multi-to-one, or multi-to-multi definite single-value relationship, and the fuzzy inference system output is a crisp single-value output. However, some shortcomings are involved with this kind of fuzzy inference system.
Evaluation of In Vitro Neuronal Protection by Postconditioning with Poloxamer 188 Following Simulated Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Reperfusion after ischemia adds detrimental injury to cells. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injures cells in a variety of ways including cell membrane disruption. Hence, methods to improve endogenous membrane resealing capacity are crucial. Poloxamer (P) 188, an amphiphilic triblock copolymer, was found to be effective against I/R and mechanical injury in various experimental settings. The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro mouse neuronal TBI model and, further, to investigate if postconditioning with P188 directly interacts with neurons after compression and simulated I/R injury, when administered at the start of reoxygenation. Cellular function was assessed by cell number/viability, mitochondrial viability, membrane damage by lactated dehydrogenase (LDH) release and FM1-43 incorporation as well as apoptosis-activation by Caspase 3. Five hours hypoxia ± compression with 2 h reoxygenation proved to be a suitable model for TBI. Compared to normoxic cells not exposed to compression, cell number and mitochondrial viability decreased, whereas membrane injury by LDH release/FM1-43 dye incorporation and Caspase 3 activity increased in cells exposed to hypoxic conditions with compression followed by reoxygenation. P188 did not protect neurons from simulated I/R and/or compression injury. Future research is indicated.
Network diffusion of competing behaviors

Research indicates that network structure affects the diffusion of a single behavior. However, in many social settings, two or more behaviors may compete for adoption, as in the case of religious competition, social movements and counter-movements, or conflicting rumors. Lessons from one-behavior diffusion cannot be easily applied because the outcome can take the form of one-behavior domination, two behaviors splitting the network, both behaviors occupying a small fraction of the network, or no diffusion. This article tests how three well-known factors of single-behavior diffusion—network transitivity, adoption threshold, and connectedness of early adopters—apply to scenarios of competitive diffusion. Results show that minor differences in initial adopter size tend to magnify, creating a significant “head-start advantage.” Nevertheless, the degree of this advantage depends on the interaction between network transitivity, adoption threshold, and connectedness of initial adopters. The article describes the conditions under which countervailing ties may (or may not) create inequality in behavioral diffusion.
Experimental study for improving unglazed solar system

The experimental study presents an improved thermal analysis performance for the conventional unglazed transpired collector (UTC). Decreasing radiation and convection heat transfer loss to the envi...
Compartmental Analysis of Brain Edema Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The potential exists for increasing the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to white matter (WM) pathologies by identifying compartments of tissue water. We have found the physical equivalents of myelin-associated biological water compartments in normal and pathologic states by using multiexponential analysis of T2 relaxation. In addition, we have applied this multiparametric technique for the definition of various types of white matter edemas. We were able to identify some changes in physical compartments visible by MRI with simultaneous changes in biological compartments. We conclude that MRI is a very sensitive method to quantify abnormal accumulation of intracerebral water; however, it is a somewhat limited probe for identifying the biologic compartmentation of edema among the various biological compartments of the brain.
What Would You Tell Me If I Said Grey Literature?: The New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report

Abstract This article offers a brief overview of the New York Academy of Medicine's Grey Literature Report. A short description of Grey Literature is given as is the definition of the material use by the Academy. The history of the report is covered and is followed by the reasons NYAM collects it, collection development, technical services issues, format for the report, subscriber base, problems and obstacles involved in its production, and possibilities for future development. doi:10.1300/J383v04n01_13
A Project Manager’s View of Safety-Critical Systems

This paper presents a project manager’s view that safety-critical systems are not a special case or category of product development, but is one dimension that is a requirement in increasingly more systems. As with any product development, the degree to which a safety-critical product is tested or proved should be based on ‘cost of failure’ that, in the final analysis, is a commercial decision based on benefits and business risk. It is argued that with the emphasis on cost of failure, project teams can be more effective in producing safer products, particularly in terms of focusing testing. With effectiveness in mind, an approach to linking benefits to products is described, along with how this relates to requirements and acceptance criteria. Possible impacts of the use of standards in a project are also discussed. Case studies are used to reinforce concepts and highlight concerns.
Apparatus for empirical determination of dynamic friction

An apparatus for measuring dynamic friction in a lubricated journal bearing is described. This apparatus has been designed, constructed and used to measure friction in the presence of sinusoidally-varying velocity at various frequencies. Experimental results tend to confirm theoretical predictions which are based on the hydrodynamic lubrication theory.
MEDIMAGE - A Multimedia Database Management System for Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Different brain databases, such as: (1) the database of the anatomic MRI brain scans of children across a wide range of ages to serve as a resource for the pediatric neuroimaging research community [6], (2) Brigham RAD Teaching Case Database Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School [2], (3) Brain Web Simulated Brain Database site of a normal brain and a brain affected by multiple sclerosis [3] are using from many researchers. In this paper, we present MEDIMAGE - a multimedia database for Alzheimer's disease patients. It contains imaging, text and voice data and it used to find some correlations of brain atrophy in Alzheimer's patients with different demographic factors.
Global Warming: The Complete Briefing (Second Edition)

Enough coal exists to sustain world energy consumption growth through at least the end of the next century. If fossil carbon fuel consumption continues to increase at current rates, however, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations will likely more than double, probably leading to significant warming of global climate, shifts in regional climates, and sea-level rise. Scientists and citizens throughout the world are discussing what should be done about the effects of our energy economy on the global environment. The issue is very broad and engaging, ranging from basic issues of geoscience to economics to fundamental value systems, and it has mobilized great economic interests and concern for our global environment. We live in an interesting time when human activities have begun to compete with the global capacities of Earth to recycle the elements of life. In the coming years, we will see how the world community reacts to this challenge, and what combination of conservation, technological development, and adaptation is ultimately adopted.
Oseltamivir-resistant 2009–2010 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in an immunocompromised patient

Although neuraminidase inhibitors are active against most 2009-2010 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) swine-origin strains, sporadic cases of oseltamivir resistance have been described. Since April 2009, 54 cases of oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 swine-origin have been reported in the USA (http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/; accessed 1 February 2010). Approximately 1.4% of tested isolates are oseltamivir resistant. We report a patient with an underlying hematological malignancy who was hospitalized with influenza A (H1N1) swine-origin and whose strain developed oseltamivir resistance during therapy.
The effect of fading in mobile ALOHA radio communications

The application of unslotted ALOHA to mobile communication systems is studied. In such systems, the terminal-to-base channel can undergo various types of fade such as shadowing (log-normal fading) or unshadowed multipath reflections with a direct component (Rician fading), or the near/far effect. It is shown that fading may give rise to a capture effect that improves the ALOHA throughput. >
Business vs Non-Business Bad Debts: Dagres vs Commissioner Presents New Variations on an Old Theme

In Dagres v. Commissioner, decided in March 2011, the Tax Court considered the distinction between business bad debts and nonbusiness bad debts. This article discusses the particulars of Dagres, which presented some unusual issues, and it describes more generally why the distinction matters to investors and how we are supposed to tell the two categories of debt apart.
The contribution of aryepiglottic constriction to “ringing” voice quality—A videolaryngoscopic study with acoustic analysis

Summary Fiberscopic video laryngoscopy was performed on five professional singers to determine the presence or absence of aryepiglottic narrowing as a function of voice quality. Each sang “Happy Birthday” and parts of the “Star Spangled Banner” in six different voice qualities: speech, falsetto, sob (a low larynx with a vocal tract expanded by relaxing the middle constrictors), twang, belting, and opera. Several features were found to be common among the subjects and related to specific qualities. Aryepiglottic constriction was present in all singers in twang, belting, and opera qualities. Spectrographic analysis related the constriction to the presence of the “singer's formant.” The presence of this type of constrictive behavior will require further research to ascertain the possible benefits to those for whom a louder voice is essential and to understand the relationship of this constrictive maneuver to the natural closure functions of the larynx.
Rate constants for aminyl radical reactions

Abstract Rate constants for cyclization of the N -methyl-5,5-diphenyl-4-pentenaminyl radical ( 4 ) and for reaction of this radical with t -BuSH were determined by direct methods.
Thermodynamic Properties of Propane. II. Molar Heat Capacity at Constant Volume from (85 to 345) K with Pressures to 35 MPa

Molar heat capacities at constant volume (CV) were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter for pure propane. The high purity of the samples was verified by chemical analysis. Temperatures ranged from the triple point of propane near 85 K to the upper temperature limit of the calorimeter at 345 K, while pressures ranged up to 35 MPa. Measurements were conducted on liquid propane in equilibrium with its vapor and on compressed liquid samples along isochores. Heat capacity results are reported for two-phase (CV(2)), saturated liquid (Cσ), and single-phase (CV) isochores. Vapor pressure data are based on measurements of CV(2) along a two-phase isochore. Measurements were also made to determine the triple-point temperature of (85.525 ± 0.005) K and heat of fusion of (3508 ± 20) J·mol−1 for propane near its triple point. The principal sources of uncertainty in CV are the temperature-rise measurement and the change-of-volume work adjustment. The expanded uncertainty (i.e., a coverage factor k = 2 and thus a two-s...
Pyrothere sistematics and a caribbean route for land-mammal dispersal during the Paleocene

The pyrotheres are an extinct order of Paleocene-Oligocene South American mammals and encompass six valid genera: Carodnia Simpson, Carolozittelia Ameghino, 1901; Proticia Patterson, 1977; Colombiterium Hoffstetter, 1970; Propyrotherium Ameghino, 1901; and Pyrotherium Ameghino, 1889. Pyrotheria is a monophyletic order of mammals united with the Dinocerata in the monophyletic Mirorder Uintatheriamorpha. Thus, the pyrotheres are not members of the Ungulata, and their inclusion in the group as members of the Mirorder Meridiungulata should be discontinued. A phylogenetic relationship between pyrotheres and dinoceratans implies dispersal of the common ancestor of North American dinoceratans and South American pyrotheres during the Paleocene , prior to the Riochican. Paleocene volcanism in the Caribbean provided an archipelago for the dispersal of the common ancestor of dinoceratans and pyrotheres.
An Age-related loss of the isogeneic barrier to the successful passive cell transfer of antimicrobial immunity in mice

The results of this study show that an isogeneic barrier to the successful adoptive immunotherapy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected mice is progressively lost as these animals age. This was shown in this study by the demonstration that increasing levels of transferred acquired specific resistance could be conferred on normal old recipients of greater than 22 months of age, whereas in young recipients such transfers were unsuccessful without the prior exposure of recipients to sublethal levels of whole-body ionizing gamma irradiation. These data indicate that strategies of adoptive immunotherapy in the elderly may not have to overcome the age-related isogeneic physiological barrier to this procedure.
Twice-Exceptional Learners Who Needs to Know What?

Twice-exceptionality is gaining increasing recognition in the gifted education literature but little is understood about the knowledge and awareness of this concept within the educational and psychological community, or about professionals’ experience working with this population of learners. Three-hundred and seventeen individuals completed an online Twice-Exceptional Needs Assessment, which consisted of 14 questions assessing issues pertaining to twice-exceptionality knowledge and experience, as well as knowledge of policies relevant to both gifted and special education. Results indicated that educators were more familiar with standards within their specific area of expertise (e.g., gifted or special education) and that fewer professionals were familiar with the use of Response to Intervention with twice-exceptional children. Gifted education professionals had significantly more knowledge and experience with twice-exceptionality than did professionals in other domains. We conclude with implications for ...
X-ray resonance exchange scattering.

Large resonant magnetization-sensitive x-ray scattering is predicted to occur in the vicinity of the L/sub II/, L/sub III/, and M/sub II/--M/sub V/ absorption edges in the rare-earth and actinide elements, and at the K and L edges in the transition elements. These ''magnetic'' resonances result from electric multipole transitions, with the sensitivity to the magnetization arising from exchange. For some transitions, the magnetic scattering will be comparable to the charge scattering. The general features of the observed L/sub III/ resonance in Ho are discussed.
Air traffic controller agents

Research sought to develop agents that can stand in for human air traffic controllers in large-scale simulation studies of advanced air traffic management concepts. The agents use a high-level activity model to structure the air traffic control task, and apply heuristics to plan and formulate clearances. Results indicate the agents handle traffic flow spacing problems well, but experience some difficulties managing complex 'merge' problems. Follow-on research on how such agents can make plausible errors to support safety analyses identified interesting aspects of agent performance in the face of errors. The research was supported by the NASA Aviation System Capacity Program and the FAA/NASA Aviation Safety Program.
Geodetic graphs of diameter two

Abstract In this paper, geodetic graphs of diameter two are studied. A structural description of them is given in terms of the number of vertices, valences, and complete subgraphs.
The effect of sampling strategies on assessment of water quality criteria attainment.

Abstract Sample locations for large river studies affect the representativeness of data, and thus can alter decisions made regarding river conditions and the need for interventions to improve water quality. The present study evaluated three water-quality sampling programs for Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) assessment in the Monongahela River from 2008 to 2012. The sampling plans cover the same 145 km of river but differ in frequency, sample location and type (e.g., river water sample vs drinking water plant intake sample). Differences resulting from temporal and spatial variability in sampling lead to different conclusions regarding water quality in the river (including regulatory listing decisions), especially when low flow leads to concentrations at or near the water quality criteria (500 mg/L TDS). Drinking water samples exceeded the criteria 82 out of 650 samples (12.6%), while river water samples exceeded the criteria 47 out of 464 samples (10.1%). Different water sample types could provide different pictures of water quality in the river and lead to different regulatory listing decisions.
PHENYLKETONURIA : SCREENING, TREATMENT AND MATERNAL PKU

Phenylketonuria (PKU) has become a paradigm of a disease that can be identified by screening in the newborn period and treated to prevent serious complications. After many years of experience treating PKU, new challenges have emerged. It has become apparent that defective activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase leads to a spectrum of clinical presentations that has led to subclassifications of PKU. Blood phenylalanine greater than 1200 μmol/L usually indicates severe deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase and is often called “classical PKU.” Blood phenylalanine levels between 600 and 1200 μmol/L lead to “atypical PKU.” Cases where blood phenylalanine remains between 120 and 480 μmol/L on a normal diet are termed “benign hyperphenylalaninemia.” A deficiency of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), which is required for phenylalanine hydroxlyase activity, leads to hyperphenylalaninemia. This cofactor is also required for the enzymatic hydroxylation of tyrosine and tryptophan. Cofactor defects account for only 1–3% of hyperphenylalaninemia, which has been termed “malignant PKU”, but they must be identified so that appropriate treatment can be established. Long-term treatment of PKU is currently advised because loss of IQ, poor school performance, and behavior problems occur when blood phenylalanine levels increase. Therefore, there is reason to continue the diet as patients become older. When blood phenylalanine levels are elevated during pregnancy a “maternal PKU syndrome” may result. Babies born to untreated mothers with PKU are at risk for being small for gestational age with microcephaly, mental retardation and congenital heart defects. A national collaborative study for the treatment of maternal PKU is underway. The characterization of the gene for phenylalanine hydroxylase has added a new exciting chapter to the study of PKU. Molecular biology has made it possible to determine the mutations in PKU, to detect carriers of the gene for PKU and to offer prenatal diagnosis.
Supercritical CO2 extraction of organic contaminants from aqueous streams

This paper reports on supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) for the removal of organic toxins from water which has been studied using a continuous-flow view cell system. Distribution coefficients (ratio of mole fraction of contaminant in supercritical CO{sub 2} to mole fraction in the aqueous phase at equilibrium) have been determined for a homologous series of contaminants as individual components in pure water: benzene, phenol, p-chlorophenol, and m-cresol. Data were obtained at two temperatures (313 and 323 K) and over a pressure range of 9.65 to 17.23 MPa for each contaminant. The distribution coefficients of the contaminants follow a pattern that can be explained in terms of molecular interactions both with water in the aqueous phase (as quantified by the pure contaminant solubility in water) and with CO{sub 2} in the SCF phase (as quantified by the pure contaminant solubility in near-critical CO{sub 2} and crossover phenomena in SCF CO{sub 2}). These results have been accurately modeled using a hardsphere, perturbation-theory-based Carnahan-Starling-DeSantis-Redlich-Kwong equation of state and simple van der Waals mixing rules.
Effects of thiol inhibitors on hepatic guanylate cyclase activity Evidence for the involvement of vicinal dithiols in the expression of basal and agonist-stimulated activity

Several thiol blocking agents inhibit basal guanylate cyclase activity of 100 000 × g hepatic supernatant fractions and the stimulation of enzyme activity by N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), NaN3, NaNO2 and nitro-prusside. The relative potency of the thiol blockers as inhibitors was CdCl2 > p-hydroxymercuribenzoate > N-ethylmaleimide > arsenite > iodoacetamide. Inhibition of basal and MNNG-responsive soluble guanylate cyclase activities by arsenite was markedly potentiated by an equimolar concentration of 2,3-dimercaprol, but not by mercaptoethanol. Inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase by either arsenite or CdCl2 was completely reversed by excess 2,3-dimercaprol. Qualitatively similar effects were observed with DE-52 cellulose purified soluble hepatic guanylate cyclae, and suggested an involvement of closely juxtaposed thiol groups in the regulation of enzyme activity. For several reasons inhibition by thiol blockers appeared to be mediated through multiple mechanisms and/or sites of interaction: (1) Concentrations of the thiol inhibitors which had no effect on basal activity strikingly inhibited the responsiveness of the enzyme to a submaximal concentration of MNNG. (2) CdCl2 abolished the action of excess MnCl2 to stimulate purified guanylate cyclase, but was a relatively ineffective inhibitor when MnCl2 and GTP were present in equimolar concentrations. By contrast, arsenite-2,3-dimercaprol was uniformly effective in inhibiting guanylate cyclase activity in the presence or absence of excess MnCl2. (3) Arsenite-2,3-dimercaprol increased the Km for MnGTP (control, 0.13 ± 0.02 mM; 0.2 mM arsenite-2,3-dimercaprol, 0.31 ± 0.03 mM, whereas CdCl2 had no effect on this parameter. (4) Hepatic particulate guanylate cyclase activity was significantly inhibited by arsenite 2,3-dimercaprol but not by CdCl2. Thus, the data not only indicate that vicinal dithiol groups are required for expression of basal guanylate cyclase activity and enzyme responses to agonists, but strongly suggest the involvement of more than one interacting site containing free thiol residues.