cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Music of the Sea: Elizabeth Bishop and Symbolist Poetics

Elizabeth Bishop locates the mystery of the sea and its shore in many poems. The poem, however, which I return to is “At the Fishhouses,” in which Bishop masterfully considers the juncture between the land and the sea. In “At the Fishhouses,” she travels from the dense description of the land to the depths of the sea in three stanzas that call to mind sea poems in the French symbolist tradition. Bishop composes a music in “At the Fishhouses” that extends the works of Baudelaire, Rimbaud, and Valery (and Stevens). This chapter unfolds in two parts: the first briefly places Bishop’s poem in relation to the symbolist genre of sea poem, and the second comprises a close reading of “At the Fishhouses” in light of Valeryan theory.
Longitudinal relationship between inflammatory markers and patient-reported symptom severity during induction therapy for multiple myeloma.

9083 Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) patients undergoing induction therapy experience both disease- and therapy-related symptoms. We investigated the association between the trajectory of symptom...
READ: A Strategy-Based Approach to Disciplinary Literacy Development

Many first-year college students are underprepared for the academic tasks required in foundational courses in STEM, professional studies, and other disciplines. Conventional teacher-centered approaches targeted mainly at delivering content knowledge are insufficient to address the increasing literacy demands for students to engage in discipline-specific thinking, discourses, and practices. To tackle this problem, it is critical to integrate disciplinary literacy instruction into the content area classrooms. However, merely encouraging content faculty to use literacy practices and strategies cannot fully address the problem; it is more productive to build a disciplinary literacy program (Moje, Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 52, 96–107, 2008). In this chapter, we introduce Reading Effectively Across the Disciplines (READ), a multimodal program in which literacy and content specialists collaborate with the primary goal of fostering content area learning through both general and discipline-specific literacy strategies. We provide an overview of the program’s innovative approach to learning, particularly its structure and implementation to serve a diverse student population. Specifically, we focus on how the program’s components, which include faculty development, discipline-specific assessments, peer-led team learning, and an online platform work together to achieve our goals.
In-IDE Code Generation from Natural Language: Promise and Challenges.

A great part of software development involves conceptualizing or communicating the underlying procedures and logic that needs to be expressed in programs. One major difficulty of programming is turning concept into code, especially when dealing with the APIs of unfamiliar libraries. Recently, there has been a proliferation of machine learning methods for code generation and retrieval from natural language queries, but these have primarily been evaluated purely based on retrieval accuracy or overlap of generated code with developer-written code, and the actual effect of these methods on the developer workflow is surprisingly unattested. We perform the first comprehensive investigation of the promise and challenges of using such technology inside the IDE, asking "at the current state of technology does it improve developer productivity or accuracy, how does it affect the developer experience, and what are the remaining gaps and challenges?" We first develop a plugin for the IDE that implements a hybrid of code generation and code retrieval functionality, and orchestrate virtual environments to enable collection of many user events. We ask developers with various backgrounds to complete 14 Python programming tasks ranging from basic file manipulation to machine learning or data visualization, with or without the help of the plugin. While qualitative surveys of developer experience are largely positive, quantitative results with regards to increased productivity, code quality, or program correctness are inconclusive. Analysis identifies several pain points that could improve the effectiveness of future machine learning based code generation/retrieval developer assistants, and demonstrates when developers prefer code generation over code retrieval and vice versa. We release all data and software to pave the road for future empirical studies and development of better models.
Diversity and Inclusion in Libraries: A Call to Action and Strategies for Success: Jones, Shannon D. and Beverly Murphy, Eds. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. 192p. ISBN: 978-1-5381-1440-7. $35.00 (Paperback)

As communities and individuals prioritize social justice and reconcile prior actions detrimental to the experiences of minority communities, it is imperative that libraries confront historic challe...
Experimental design for collection and analysis of laboratory passive infrared vapor spectra

Passive infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the detection and classification of chemical vapors in industrial, environmental, and defense applications. For any application, it is critical that the collected passive IR spectra is supported via laboratory and calculated spectral data. Here, we demonstrate the importance of a proper experimental setup to collect laboratory passive IR data that replicates what is expected to be collected in the field. We show how the type of IR detector element used affects the IR spectral results. Finally, we demonstrate calculated spectral results that show good agreement with the laboratory collected data, and provide a method to model such vapor releases in external environmental scenarios.
Both Debridement and Microfracture Produce Excellent Results for Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions of the Capitellum: A Systematic Review

Purpose To analyze the available literature pertaining to the indications, outcomes, and complications of both microfracture (MFX) and simple debridement for capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Studies were included if they evaluated OCD of the capitellum that underwent either arthroscopic debridement (AD) or MFX. The risk of bias was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) scale. Patient demographic characteristics, imaging findings, return-to-sport rates, patient-reported outcomes, range of motion (ROM), complications, failures, and reoperations were recorded. Results Eleven studies with 327 patients (332 elbows) met the inclusion criteria. Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) scores ranged from 63% to 75% and showed considerable heterogeneity. Both AD and MFX showed improvement in patient outcome scores, ROM, and return to play, although the data precluded relative conclusions. Improvement in motion after MFX ranged from 4.9° to 5° of flexion, 5° to 22.6° of extension, 1° to 2° of pronation, and 0.5° to 2° of supination, whereas after AD, it ranged from –4° to 6° of flexion and –0.4° to 14° of extension, with prono-supination noted in only 1 study. The rate of return to play at a similar level of preinjury athletic competition ranged from 55% to 75% after MFX and from 40% to 100% after AD. Lesion location was discussed in only 1 study. Postoperative imaging trended toward early degenerative changes, most commonly of the radial head. Complications were only reported in 1 MFX study; in all cases, the complication was transient ulnar nerve neurapraxia. Reoperation rates ranged from 0% to 10%, and reoperation was most commonly performed to address radial head enlargement. Five studies reported no reoperations. Conclusions Both AD and MFX for capitellar OCD appear to yield excellent improvements in pain, ROM, patient outcome scores, and return to sport. Given that comparable mid-term outcomes can be achieved with debridement alone, without the use of MFX, similarly to recent prospective studies in the knee, AD alone may be a reasonable approach to relatively small OCD defects. Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of studies, all Level IV evidence.
Graph algorithms for clock schedule optimization

For performance-driven synthesis of sequential circuits, the optimal clocking problem is considered, and it is shown that it is reducible to a parametric shortest path problem. Constraints are used that take into account both the short and long paths. The main contributions are efficient graph algorithms to solve the set of constraints necessary for correct clocking. >
Characteristics of NCCN Committee Members: Opportunities for Change.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines are an authoritative resource in cancer management. NCCN guideline committees are composed of multi-specialty teams, representing 30 cancer institutions in the US. In spite of the critical impact of these committees, little is known about its actual members. Our study evaluates the characteristics of NCCN committee members (CMs) and assesses gender and specialty-specific variance. MATERIALS/METHODS All NCCN management guidelines were evaluated in September 2020. Characteristics of individual CMs were obtained including specialty, gender, academic rank, disease treatment site, h-index, academic degrees, and represented institutions. Chi-square test was utilized for statistical comparisons. RESULTS A total of 54 NCCN guidelines were identified, along with 1768 panel members. Median committee size was 33 (range 22-38). Medical Oncologists (MO; 47.6%), Surgical Oncologists (SO; 20.9%), and Radiation Oncologists (RO; 8.9%) comprised the largest proportion of CMs. Women accounted for 37.6% of MO, 34.2% of RO, and 22.8% of SO CMs. While women accounted for 39.3% of all CMs, among committee leaders, women constituted only 23% of chairs, and 38.1% of vice-chairs (P 31 were similarly represented across oncological specialties (RO: 39.2%; MO: 40.8%; SO: 43.3%), but there was a higher prevalence of MO (17.7%) with an H-index between 0-10, in comparison to RO (7.6 %) and SO (8.4), P < 0.05. CMs held MD/MD-equivalent degrees (68.5%), MD-Master's degrees (9.9%), and non-physician degrees (7.1%). MD-PhDs accounted for 15.1% of all CMs, and were more represented among RO (31.0%) relative to MO (14.4%) and SO (7.6%), P < 0.05. Memorial Sloan Kettering (75) and MD Anderson (66) were the most represented institutions; 3 institutions had ≤8 representatives. Among the 158 RO NCCN CMs, many served on gastrointestinal (19.0%), genitourinary (12.7%), and gynecological (12.7%) committees, while few served on pediatric (0.63%), and breast (1.2%) committees. 16 (29.6%) committees had no RO members. CONCLUSION NCCN committee members are more likely to be male, MO, full professors, and have high H-index scores. RO on committees generally exhibit high scholarship but have low representation, with almost one-third having no RO members at all. Leadership roles for female oncologists are also limited, although among RO there are more females in committee leadership roles. Increasing specialty and gender diversity on committees may allow for more balanced management perspectives.
On the Analysis and Design of Hierarchical Fault-Tolerant Processor Arrays

The relevance of Processor Arrays (PA’s) stems not only from their ability to meet the computational demands of many real-time applications but also from their suitability for efficient implementations using Very Large Scale Integration/Wafer Scale Integration (VLSI/WSI) technology 1. Fault-tolerant PA’s (FTPA’s) contain hardware redundancy for some of their components (globally referred to as “redundant hardware”) as well as hardware for which spares are not provided (called “non-redundant hardware”). Typically, redundant hardware includes processor elements (PE’s) and, sometimes, communication links, whereas non-redundant hardware may include circuitry for control, fault-detection, hardware reconfiguration, etc.. Low reliability in a bad FTPA design may result from, among other reasons, the unreliability of non-redundant hardware. This is particularly true for very large arrays and/or long operation times. This problem can be avoided in well designed hierarchical FTPA’s, i.e., processor arrays organized as small fault-tolerant arrays of small FTPA’s. This paper addresses the problems of analytically estimating and optimizing the reliability of hierarchical FTPA’s.
Peering Ahead: An Examination of Peer-to-Peer Signal-Sharing Communities that Create Their Own Affordable Internet Access

ABSTRACT This study expands upon existing research by shedding light on the challenges and opportunities facing participants in peer-to-peer wireless signal-sharing initiatives. The study relies on resource mobilization theory to gain a deeper understanding of why members of community mesh networks in the United States join the movement and how they sustain it. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with the founders of 12 unique U.S. networks. The projects examined illustrate the desire for alternatives to traditional ISPs, as well as deep commitments to digital inclusion and local ownership. Informants reported feeling personally invested in the future of their projects because they contribute technical support and other forms of labour. However, the deployment of mesh technology creates a unique set of legal and policy issues.RESUME Cette etude va au-dela de la recherche existante en jetant de la lumiere sur les occasions et les defis souleves par les initiatives de partage de signaux poste a poste sans fil. L’etude se fonde sur la theorie de la mobilisation des ressources afin de comprendre plus en profondeur pourquoi les membres de reseaux mailles collectifs aux Etats-Unis se sont joints a ces reseaux et comment ils les supportent. La chercheuse a mene des interviews semistructurees avec les fondateurs de douze reseaux americains differents. Les projets examines revelent un desir pour des alternatives aux fournisseurs Internet traditionnels, ainsi qu’un engagement profond envers l’inclusion numerique et la propriete locale. Les personnes interrogees ont dit en effet qu’elles se sentaient personnellement investies dans l’avenir de leurs projets parce qu’elles y contribuaient une assistance technique ainsi que d’autres formes de travail. Cependant, le deploiement d’une technologie a mailles souleve un assortiment singulier de questions legales et politiques.
Gated technetium-99m sestamibi for simultaneous assessment of stress myocardial perfusion, postexercise regional ventricular function and myocardial viability. Correlation with echocardiography and rest thallium-201 scintigraphy.

Abstract Objectives. This study compares technetium-99m sestamibi (sestamibi) electrocardiographic (ECG) gated single-photon emission computed tomography (gated SPECT) and echocardiography for the evaluation of myocardial function and assesses the feasibility of single-injection, single-acquisition stress perfusion/rest function technetium-99m sestamibi-gated SPECT as an alternative to conventional stress/rest imaging for assessment of myocardial perfusion and viability. Background. Simultaneous assessment of stress perfusion and rest function is possible with gated SPECT acquisition of stress-injected technetium-99m sestamibi. Methods. Rest thallium-201 SPECT followed by stress sestamibigated SPECT (acquired 0.5 to 1 h after sestamibi injection) was performed in 58 patients. Echocardiography was performed immediately after or before gated SPECT in 43 of the patients. All studies were analyzed by semiquantitative visual scoring. Sestamibi-gated SPECT studies were read for stress perfusion and rest wall motion and thickening. Reversibility on sestamibi-gated SPECT was defined as the presence of a definite stress defect with normal or mildly impaired wall motion or thickening on gated SPECT. Results. There was high segmental score agreement between gated SPECT and echocardiography for wall motion (91%, kappa = 0.68, p Conclusions. Gated SPECT of stress-injected sestamibi correlates well with echocardiographic assessment of regional function and thus adds information to perfusion SPECT. In patients without previous myocardial infarction, a single-injection stress perfusion/rest function approach using sestamibi-gated SPECT can substitute for conventional stress/rest myocardial perfusion imaging, adding a rest perfusion study only if there are nonreversible defects or consideration of attenuation artifacts. In patients with previous myocardial infarction, the gated SPECT approach does not replace the need for a rest perfusion study.
Reputational Contract Enforcement and Mutual Recriminations

This paper examines the workings of reputational contract enforcement when the community can only observe that a partnership has ended, not the reason why. Agents match in partnerships to engage in a transaction with two-sided moral hazard. After one transaction, they can choose to stay with the same partner or to seek out a new partner. If one agent ends a partnership after being cheated, the fact that outsiders cannot distinguish between cheated and cheater means both suffer the same reputational damage. This makes agents reluctant to end relationships following a bad outcome, reducing incentives within the relationship. As a result, higher levels of cooperation and efficiency may be sustained if information about past relationships is limited than if it is widespread.
Schema Evolution for Object-based Accounting Database Systems

When an (accounting) database schema does not meet the requirements of a firm, the schema must be changed. Such schema evolution can be considered as realizable via a sequence of operators. This research proceeds in the following three steps. First, we define a set of basic evolution schema operators and employ the evolution heuristics to guide the evolution process. Second, we explore how domain-specific knowledge can be used to guide the use of evolution operators to complete the evolution task. A well-known accounting data model is used here to guide the schema evolution process. Third, we discuss a tool built to implement the evolution operators, using the evolution heuristics and domain-specific knowledge.
Nest-Site Selection and Nesting Success of Cavity-Nesting Birds in High Elevation Forest Drainages

ABssAcr.-We identified habitat features that characterized successful and unsuccessful nest sites, nest sites vs. random sites, and differences among coexisting species of cavitynesting birds for 356 nests in central Arizona. Live and, more commonly, dead quaking aspens (Populus tremuloides) were used for 88% of all nest sites, but aspens constituted only 12% of all trees in random plots (n = 152). Nest patches (11.3-m-radius circle centered on the nest tree) of most bird species contained significantly more aspens and conifers, which provided foraging substrates for cavity-nesting species, than random plots, but the patches had fewer deciduous trees (except aspens). Thus, more potential nest sites and foraging substrates existed in chosen nest patches than in random plots. Failed nests generally were more concealed by foliage and were closer to conifers. Nest success was lower for species with lower nest height. Reduced nest success at lower and more concealed nests may occur because predators are more successful. Nonexcavator species had lower nesting success than excavator species possibly because they nested lower, had greater nest concealment, used older cavities, and tended to have smaller body mass. Received 21 May 1990, accepted 26 November 1990.
Phishing URL Detection Using URL Ranking

The openness of the Web exposes opportunities for criminals to upload malicious content. In fact, despite extensive research, email based spam filtering techniques are unable to protect other web services. Therefore, a counter measure must be taken that generalizes across web services to protect the user from phishing host URLs. This paper describes an approach that classifies URLs automatically based on their lexical and host-based features. Clustering is performed on the entire dataset and a cluster ID (or label) is derived for each URL, which in turn is used as a predictive feature by the classification system. Online URL reputation services are used in order to categorize URLs and the categories returned are used as a supplemental source of information that would enable the system to rank URLs. The classifier achieves 93-98% accuracy by detecting a large number of phishing hosts, while maintaining a modest false positive rate. URL clustering, URL classification, and URL categorization mechanisms work in conjunction to give URLs a rank.
Non-uniform multirate filter banks: theory and design

The nonuniform, maximally decimated quadrature mirror filter (QMF) bank is introduced. It permits the use of nonuniform filter responses, which is more suitable for some applications. A necessary condition for alias cancellation is derived for the case where all the decimation factors are integer-valued. A special case of the two-channel nonuniform AMF system with nonintegral decimation factors is analyzed, and a technique for canceling aliasing and minimizing other distortions is presented and illustrated by a design example. >
Contour vector quantization and waveform coding

Motivated by the implicit geometry of a stationary, ergodic process, a vector quantizer (VQ) design algorithm is proposed, based on a contour of constant probability density. The approach is explicitly related to the differential entropy of the source, and uses this characteristic of the source to provide structure for the location of VQ output, vectors. A correlated Gaussian source is treated in detail and used as an appropriate model for the design of a contour gain VQ for speech. The resulting mean-square error performance is competitive with alternative VQ based results in the literature.
Polyadenylation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus mRNA Dictates Efficient Transcription Termination at the Intercistronic Gene Junctions

The intercistronic gene junctions of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) contain conserved sequence elements that are important for polyadenylation and transcription termination of upstream transcript as well as reinitiation of transcription of downstream transcript. To examine the role of the putative polyadenylation signal 3'AUACU(7)5' at the gene junctions in polyadenylation and transcription termination, we constructed plasmids encoding antigenomic minireplicons containing one or two transcription units. In plasmid-transfected cells, analyses of the bicistronic minireplicon containing the wild-type or mutant intercistronic gene junctions for the ability to direct synthesis of polyadenylated upstream, downstream, and readthrough mRNAs showed that the AUACU(7) sequence element is required for polyadenylation of VSV mRNA. Deletion of AUAC or U(7) resulted in templates that did not support polyadenylation of upstream mRNA. Interestingly, we found that the loss of polyadenylation function led to antitermination of the upstream transcript and resulted in a readthrough transcript that contained the upstream and downstream mRNA sequences. Mutations that blocked polyadenylation also blocked transcription termination and generated mostly readthrough transcript. Reverse transcription-PCR of readthrough transcripts and subsequent nucleotide sequencing of the amplified product revealed no extra adenosine residues at the junction of the readthrough transcript. These results indicate that polyadenylation is required for transcription termination of VSV mRNA. The intergenic dinucleotide GA did not appear to be necessary for transcription termination. Furthermore, we found that insertion of the polyadenylation signal sequence AUACU(7) alone was sufficient to direct polyadenylation and efficient transcription termination at the inserted site. Taken together, the data presented here support the conclusion that polyadenylation is the major determinant of transcription termination at the intercistronic gene junctions of VSV.
Elastase mimics pancreatitis-induced hepatic injury via inflammatory mediators.

Abstract Background. Recent evidence suggests that pancreatitis-associated hepatic injury is regulated by inflammatory mediator production. Our laboratory demonstrated in vitro that pancreatic elastase is a pancreatic enzyme that can induce inflammatory cell cytokine production. Therefore we now explore the in vivo effects of elastase on the liver. Materials and methods. Elastase (1.5 U) ± CNI-1493, which attenuates mediator production through p38 MAP kinase inhibition, was administered intraperitoneally to mice while control animals received saline. Acute pancreatitis (AP) was induced with a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet. Serum hepatic enzymes and hepatic neutrophil infiltration by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured as indicators of hepatic insult. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) protein (ELISA), hepatic TNF mRNA (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction), and hepatic activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) were also determined. Results. A significant increase in hepatic enzymes and MPO activity was induced by AP and mirrored by intraperitoneal elastase. Both types of liver injury resulted in near identical elevations in serum TNF protein and hepatic TNF mRNA. Elastase-treated animals with mediator production inhibited (CNI-1493) had attenuated hepatic enzymes, MPO activity, TNF protein, and TNF mRNA. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B occurred 30 min after elastase administration. Conclusion. Exposure of the liver to pancreatic elastase results in hepatic inflammation and injury which appears identical to that seen during severe AP. Prevention of inflammatory mediator production by intrahepatic leukocytes attenuates injury and supports recent adult respiratory distress syndrome and in vitro data suggesting that elastase is the principal factor that propagates pancreatic inflammation into a systemic illness through direct activation of systemic inflammatory cells.
The effects of X-irradiation and adriamycin on proliferating and nonproliferating hair coat of the mouse

Abstract Dose-response curves for proliferating, nonproliferating, and nonproliferating hair coat stimulated 24 hours after treatment show similar D q of 135 rad and a D q of 500, 900, and 1400 rad respectively. Using a priming dose of 650 rad X-rays, a drug-dose-response curve was established in the proliferating hair coat. Drugdose-response curve was established for the nonproliferating, stimulated coat with priming doses of 1200 and 1400 rad. No drug effect could be seen in the nonproliferating hair coat left unstimulated. Cyclic interaction between drug and irradiation was found in the proliferating hair coat.
Effect of autonomic neural influences on the cardiovascular changes induced by coronary occlusion

The influence of vagal stimulation and/or beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on the heart rate, blood pressure, contractile force, and cardiac rhythm was evaluated in chloralose-anesthetized cats subjected to occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery. Occlusion performed in 25 control animals produced significant decreases in heart rate (minus 22.9 plus or minus 4.4 beats per minute), blood pressure (minus 19.2 plus or minus 2.4 mm. Hg), and contractile force (minus 21.6 plus or minus 6.3 per cent). Death due to ventricular fibrillation occurred in five out of 25 animals. Coronary occlusion performed in the presence of vagal nerve stimulation resulted in similar decreases in blood pressure, whereas the decreases in contractile force were significantly greater than in control animals. In addition, the time to onset of the arrhythmias occurring in the vagus-stimulated group was increased. Death due to ventricular fibrillation was similar to control animals (i.e., two of seven, or 28 per cent). Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors with propranol (0.75 mg. per kilogram) resulted in the usual decreases in rate, pressure, and force with occlusion but the duration of arrhythmias was shortened. The incidence of ventricular fibrillation was not different from that of the control animals. The combination of propranolol and vagal stimulation also failed to confer protection against ventricular fibrillation. Propranolol was observed to prevent the large decrease in contractile force seen with vagal stimulation. These results suggest that: (1) increasing vagal tone above the level existing after acute myocardial infarction does not decrease mortality, (2) propranolol pretreatment does not affect the incidence of ventricular fibrillation induced by coronary occlusion, (3) the duration of the arrhythmia after coronary occlusion is effectively shortened with propranolol, and (4) cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors do not appear to be involved in the decreases in heart rate, blood pressure, and contractile force seen with coronary occlusion.
An evaluation of hemodilution as therapy for craniocerebral gunshot wounds

Abstract Using a model of a craniocerebral gunshot wound, isovolemic hemodilution was found to reduce mortality rate from 100% to 40% in monkeys given similar injuries. While blood pressure, intracranial pressure, respiration, and EEG were also followed, it was the carotid blood flow that served as the most significant harbinger of death. It had previously been shown, in this model, that if the 3-minute carotid blood flow was 23% of baseline or less the animal would die in less than 1 hour. The present investigation demonstrated that isovolemic hemodilution, applied to those animals whose flow at 3 minutes was thus compromised, resulted in a 60% survival with an increase in carotid flow being shown in the survivors. It is presumed that this resulted from lowering the blood viscosity and counteracting increased vascular resistance.
Exploration of jet energy loss via direct γ-charged particle azimuthal correlation measurements

Abstract The multiplicities of charged particles azimuthally associated with direct photons and π 0 have been measured for Au+Au, p+p, and d+Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV in the STAR experiment. Charged particles with transverse momentum 0.5 p T h ± 16 GeV/c for p+p and d+Au, and 3 p T h ± 16 GeV/c for Au+Au and pseudorapidity | η | ⩽ 1.5 in coincidence with direct photons and π 0 of high transverse momentum 8 p T γ , π 0 16 GeV/c at | η | ⩽ 0.9 have been used for this analysis. Within the considered range of kinematics, the observed suppressions of the associated yields per direct γ in central Au+Au relative to p+p and d+Au are similar and constant with direct photon fractional energy z T ( z T = p T h ± / p T γ ) . The measured suppressions of the associated yields with direct γ are comparable to those with π 0 . The data are compared to theoretical predictions.
Identification and early treatment of dehydration in home parenteral nutrition and home intravenous fluid patients prevents hospital admissions.

Background Early identification and treatment of dehydration is prudent in patients requiring home parenteral nutrition (HPN) or home intravenous fluids (HIVF) to prevent hospital admissions for dehydration. Our home nutrition support service (HNS) developed a protocol in 2010 to provide additional bags of HIVF to be kept on hand for immediate use in patients identified at risk of developing dehydration. Methods A retrospective review was performed on all HPN and HIVF patients from a clinical database who received additional HIVF during 2010. Standard treatment for dehydration was 1 L HIVF daily for 3 days in addition to prescribed infusions. Results Of 308 HNS patients in 2010, additional HIVF were ordered in 161 patients with malabsorption, fistula, or obstruction. Of the 161 patients, 63% (n = 102) required additional HIVF and had 201 episodes of dehydration recorded. Increased enterostomy output (P = .021), negative intake and output (I/O data) (P = .014), and age (P = .021) were predictors of multiple dehydration episodes. I/O data were consistent with signs and symptoms of dehydration 80% of the time. One hundred seventy episodes (84.5%) of dehydration were successfully treated at home compared with 9 emergency room (ER) admissions (4.5%) and 22 hospital admissions (11%) for dehydration. Conclusion We demonstrate 84.5% of episodes of dehydration successfully treated in the home in patients initially identified at risk by our protocol. Education of patients at risk of dehydration prior to discharge and providing additional HIVF on hand for immediate use may avoid ER treatment or hospitalization and potentially save healthcare costs.
Jobs versus amenities in the analysis of metropolitan migration.

Abstract This paper demonstrates that jobs and wages are considerably more important than location-specific amenities in explaining net metropolitan migration of employed persons. These results, which are derived mainly from a unique set of annual migration data, differ considerably from the earlier findings of P. E. Graves (J. Urban Econom. 6, 135–147, 1979) that show amenities to be powerful contributors to the analysis of net metropolitan migration. Several hypotheses are offered and tested to explain the appreciable difference between Graves's results and those of the present study, but the importance of economic factors as opposed to amenities persists. The findings of this study are generally consistent with the earlier findings of Muth (Southern Econom. J. 37, 295–306, 1971).
Aerodynamic and acoustic features of vocal effort.

Summary Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the aerodynamic and acoustic features of speech produced at comfortable, maximal and minimal levels of vocal effort. Study Design Prospective, quasi-experimental research design. Method Eighteen healthy participants with normal voice were included in this study. After task training, participants produced repeated syllable combinations at comfortable, maximal and minimal levels of vocal effort. A pneumotachometer and vented (Rothenberg) mask were used to record aerodynamic data, with simultaneous recording of the acoustic signal for subsequent analysis. Aerodynamic measures of subglottal pressure, translaryngeal airflow, maximum flow declination rate (MFDR), and laryngeal resistance were analyzed, along with acoustic measures of cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and its standard deviation (SD). Results Participants produced significantly greater subglottal pressure, translaryngeal airflow, and MFDR during maximal effort speech as compared with comfortable vocal effort. When producing speech at minimal vocal effort, participants lowered subglottal pressure, MFDR, and laryngeal resistance. Acoustic changes associated with changes in vocal effort included significantly higher CPP during maximal effort speech and significantly lower CPP SD during minimal effort speech, when each was compared with comfortable effort. Conclusions For healthy speakers without voice disorders, subglottal pressure, translaryngeal airflow, and MFDR may be important factors that contribute to an increased sense of vocal effort. Changes in the cepstral signal also occur under conditions of increased or decreased vocal effort relative to comfortable effort.
Cytogeography of the rhizomatous American species of Muhlenbergia

The grass genus Muhlenbergia is estimated to contain 80 (Bews 1929) to 120 (Hitchcock 1936) species, confined to the western hemisphere with the exception of several species of Japan and the Himalaya. The genus belongs to the subfamily Chloridoideae, as evidenced by its plump bicellular hairs, rhombic stomata, siliceous cells, embryo characteristics (Reeder 1957), and chromosome number and size. Two rather distinct groups of species comprise the genus. The group which we have studied consists of broad-leaved, mesic, rhizomatous plants, primarily distributed in the deciduous forests of eastern North America. A few species extend far beyond the limits of this vegetational formation into the plains and western mountain states, and several closely related species are found in Japan and the Himalaya. The distribution pattern of the group and the association of many of the species with the deciduous forests suggest that its ancestors were part of the Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora. The plants of this group are readily recognized, even in vegetative condition, by their numerous rather lax, short culm leaves and by their peculiar scaly rhizomes. These species are radically different in vegetative structure and ecological relationships from the xeromorphic cespitose species of our western plains, and probably have had a different origin. The apparent basic chromosome number of the genus Muhlenbergia is x = 10. Diploids, tetraploids, hexaploids, and one octoploid have been found. Among the broad-leaf species, the two diploids are rare though wide-ranging, occurring in scattered relict stands in highly specialized habitats. Muhlenbergia asperifolia, which is also diploid, is a xeromorphic species of alkaline or saline habitats in the West. It bears no obvious relationship in habit, leaf structure, rhizomes, or habitat preferences to the other diploids. The tetraploids are common, abundant, and ecologically diverse. The single octoploid, M. californica, is a rare endemic in several mountain ranges in the Los Angeles area. All cytological observations were made on acetocarmine or propriocarmine squashes of microsporocytes. The slides were made permanent by the rapid liquid carbon dioxide method of Bowen (1955). Inflorescences were obtained from greenhouse-grown plants produced from living rhizomes collected in the field. The rhizomes grow readily and the plants ordinarily will bloom several times a year if they are cut back and fertilized after flowering. Supplemental light was provided during the winter. Meiosis follows a strong diurnal pattern, with diakinesis occurring most frequently around 7:50 AM in mid-June and 10 AM in late December. Since diakinesis lasts less than ten minutes, fixation at the correct time is important. Voucher specimens for the chromosome counts are deposited in the Iowa State University Herbarium. Gametic chromosome numbers for the rhizomatous American species of Muhlenbergia discovered in the course of this study or reported in the literature are summarized as follows, and some gametic chromosome complements are illustrated in Fig. 1-13.
The Failure to Contain: How Persecutory Anxieties Contribute to Noncompliance in Adult Patients with Congenital Chronic Pain Conditions

ABSTRACT Patients with sickle-cell disease suffer from lifelong pain. Many prefer to receive emergent rather than managed health care, which results in these people being termed “noncompliant.” This paper explores the contributing factors of such noncompliance in the adult patient with painful chronic illness. In the earliest stages of development, internal pain is attributed to external origins, and the effects of this on the psyche are analogous to those of physical abuse. When the infant's pain cannot be contained, projective identification and persecutory anxieties become deeply ingrained. Interventions that focus on healing from trauma and building trust are preferable to those which most value immediate compliance, as the patterns of behavior are so firmly entrenched.
Involvement of Genes Encoding a K+ Channel (ether a go-go) and a Na+ Channel (smellblind) in Drosophila Olfactiona

We have investigated the roles of the putative cyclic nucleotide-modulated K+ channel subunit encoded by the ether a go-go (eag) gene and a voltage-gated Na+ channel, smellblind (sbl), encoded by the paralytic (para) locus in odorant responsiveness and cell excitability in Drosophila melanogaster. Three independent mutant alleles of eag revealed reduced antennal responsiveness in adult flies to a subset of odorants, all having short aliphatic side chains: ethyl butyrate (EB), propionic acid, 2-butanone and ethyl acetate (manuscript submitted). Loose patch recordings revealed that significantly fewer eag antennal neurons responded to EB compared to control neurons. As expected if Eag were involved in odor transduction, fewer EB-induced inhibitory responses were observed in eag mutants and focal application of high K+ saline to sensillae altered the excitability of the majority of neurons from wild-type, but not eag, antennae. Interestingly, there were fewer excitatory odorant responses dependent on extracellular Ca2+ in eag neurons. In contrast to the involvement of Eag in adult olfactory neuron odorant transduction, we found no evidence that adult sbl and allelic olfactory D (olfD) gene mutants were defective in their behavioral response to a complex attractive odor. Furthermore, electrophysiological analyses of adult sbl and olfD mutants revealed normal electroantennogram responses to a broad range of individual pure odorants and no changes in the excitable properties of olfactory neurons as determined by loose patch recordings.
Search for CP Violation in Ξ and Λ Hyperon Decays with the HyperCP Spectrometer at Fermilab

The HyperCP Collaboration at Fermilab is searching for CP violation in charged hyperon decays by comparing the angular decay distributions of protons and antiprotons from Ξ − → Λ π − , Λ → p π − and Ξ ¯ + → Λ ¯ π + , Λ ¯ → p ¯ π + decays. Using a hyperon data sample orders of magnitude larger than any other experiment has collected, we report a preliminary result A Ξ Λ = [ − 6.0 ± 2.1 ( stat ) ± 2.0 ( syst ) ] × 10 − 4 , from an analysis of the entire HyperCP data set of over one billion events.
Propargyl radical: ab initio anharmonic modes and the polarized infrared absorption spectra of matrix-isolated HCCCH2.

The propargyl radical has twelve fundamental vibrational modes, Γvib(HCCCH2) = 5a1 ⊕ 3b1 ⊕ 4b2, and nine have been detected in a cryogenic matrix. Ab initio coupled-cluster anharmonic force field calculations were used to help guide some of the assignments. The experimental HCCCH2 matrix frequencies (cm-1) and polarizations are a1 modes3308.5 ± 0.5, 3028.3 ± 0.6, 1935.4 ± 0.4, 1440.4 ± 0.5, 1061.6 ± 0.8; b1 modes686.6 ± 0.4, 483.6 ± 0.5; b2 modes1016.7 ± 0.4, 620 ± 2. We recommend a complete set of gas-phase vibrational frequencies for the propargyl radical, HCCCH2 X 2B1. From an analysis of the vibrational spectra, the small electric dipole moment, μD(HCCCH2) = 0.150 D, and the large resonance energy (HCCCH2), roughly 11 kcal mol-1, we conclude that propargyl is a completely delocalized hydrocarbon radical and is best written as HCCCH2.
ELECTRO-OPTIC EFFECT IN RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC FILMS AND SUPERLATTICES

ABSTRACT Electro-optic (EO) effect in single crystalline thin films and superlattices made from relaxor ferroelectric lead titanate doped lead magnesium niobate (PMN-PT) and rare-earth doped PMN-PT materials have been investigated. Strong in-plane EO anisotropy has been found in both single crystalline thin films and superlattices. A large out-of-plane EO coefficient was observed in PMN-PT superlattices. Such a significant enhancement can be attributed to the spontaneous polarization coupling between the two crystalline phases in superlattices when the stacking period is below 90 nm. When doping with erbium, the EO effect in PMN-PT single crystalline film films decreases as the erbium concentration increases. This research has been motivated by the development of various promising integrated photonic devices such as waveguide EO modulators, waveguide lasers, and photonic bandgap devices.
On Input/Output Speedup in Tightly Coupled Multiprocessors

Previous models of program speedup on parallel architectures tend to ignore I/O activity and other important issues. In this paper we derive analytic speedup models including I/O activities. We show that ignoring I/O yields conservative speedup results. We explore the effectiveness of using hardware format conversion units in multiprocessors [33]. We prove that hardware parallel format conversion loses its edge over software parallel format conversion if the ratio of the number of processors to I/O bandwidth increases. For a given number of processors, program speedup is more sensitive to the available I/O bandwidth rather than the format conversion speed. Ninety-one Fortran programs are used in various experiments to verify our models and conclusions. Most of the programs are I/O bound. Our empirical results show that including I/O activity improves the speedup factor for 78 percent of the programs, and 18 percent of the programs are sped up only due to faster I/O activities. For a serial machine, using hardware format conversion units designed in [13] reduces program execution time by an average factor of three. The software format conversion speed used is obtained from direct measurements on an IBM 4341 running CMS and a CDC Cyber 175 running NOS. For multiprocessor systems a factor of eight increase in the processors to I/O bandwidth ratio reduces the effectiveness of hardware format conversion to an average factor of 1.36.
Optical sol-gel coatings : ellipsometry of film formation

A method was developed to image an area of a drying, steady-state film during dip-coating using ellipsometry, thereby obtaining the film's thickness and refractive index as a function of position. Measurements on TiO 2 and SiO2 alcohol-based sols indicate that the film approaches a volume fraction Φ ∼ 0.2 in the wet state and suggests that the film resists densifying further for kinetic reasons. In dense films, as the final drying front passes, the film undergoes a rapid collapse owing to capillary forces ; porous films formed from relatively large SiO2 aggregates appear to collapse more slowly in the final stage due to smaller capillary forces. The thickness profiles are consistent with thinning by a combination of evaporation and gravitational draining.
A search for H2O and Ch4 in Comet Kohoutek

A spectroscopic search for H2O and CH4 in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) was made using a Pepsios interferometer. No evidence was found for either molecule, allowing to set an upper limit on their production rates (on about Jan. 21, 1974) of Q(H2O) less than 6.2 times 10 to the 28th power per sec and Q(CH4) less than 20 times 10 to the 30th power per sec.
The effective Kähler potential, metastable vacua and R-symmetry breaking in O'Raifeartaigh models

Abstract Much has been learned about metastable vacua and R-symmetry breaking in O'Raifeartaigh models. Such work has largely been done from the perspective of the superpotential and by including Coleman–Weinberg corrections to the scalar potential. Instead, we consider these ideas from the perspective of the one loop effective Kahler potential. We translate known ideas to this framework and construct convenient formulas for computing individual terms in the expanded effective Kahler potential. We do so for arbitrary R-charge assignments and allow for small R-symmetry violating terms so that both spontaneous and explicit R-symmetry breaking is allowed in our analysis.
The Design of Composite Materials For Electro-Mechanical and Electro-Thermal Applications.

In composite materials for electro-mechanical applications, the importance of the mode in which the constituent phases are interconnected (connectivity) was stressed. For the tensor properties of mechanical, piezoelectric, and dielectric behavior, controlling the manner in which fields and fluxes thread through the composite can make orders of magnitude change in the coupled properties. Examples were drawn from piezoelectric ceramic:polymer composites for uniaxial and hydrostatic (hydrophone) pressure sensing where the 1:3 connected transversely reinforced composite can be shown to exhibit a figure of merit more than 10 3 that of the piezoceramic phase alone. In these systems, the importance of poisson ratio effects in the polymer phase were evident, and some new composite systems where the hydrostatic stiffness of the elastomer phases may be better exploited were considered. In electro-thermal applications such as in pyroelectric composites, the requirements of small-size and low-thermal mass put rigorous limits upon the scale of the composite microstructure. Techniques which achieve the appropriate scaling were described and preliminary data showed strong enhancement of the secondary effects in these composites were presented.