cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction of cell-cell adhesion by monovalent antibodies in a germ cell culture.

Four monoclonal antibodies, XT-I, MT-23, MT-24 and MT-29, that bind the XT-1-differentiation-antigen of male germ cells have been used to investigate the biological role of the XT-1-molecule of germ cells in short-term primary culture. Cultures from 10 days postpartum mice demonstrate increasing numbers of antigen-positive germ cells and increased antigen expression per cell with succeeding days of culture. Treatment of the antigen-positive cultures with three of the monoclonal antibodies, XT-I, MT-23 and MT-24, increases germ cell-germ cell adhesion in a dose-dependent fashion. Treatment with the fourth monoclonal antibody, MT-29, does not induce cell adhesion. The monovalent, Fab fragment of XT-I-antibody also elicits tight cell adhesion, thus ruling out antibody cross linking of molecules or cells. Saturating or near saturating amounts of the positive antibodies are required to produce adhesion, a result consistent with perturbation of a function that is performed by the sum of action of many of the XT-1-molecules on the cell. The ability of germ cells to undergo antibody-elicited tight adhesion is dependent on germ cell age and/or XT-1-antigen concentration. We hypothesize that the XT- 1-molecule is involved in regulation of cell adhesion, an event which must occur in normal development.
SY18-2SENSITIVITY TO NICOTINE + ALCOHOL COMPOUND INTEROCEPTIVE CUES: MECHANISM AND BRAIN REGIONAL INVOLVEMENT

Smoking and drinking behaviors commonly co-occur and consequently individuals experience the interoceptive effects of both together. Further, such interoceptive cues can play a fundamental role in incentive motivational processing, as a consequence of being associated with other reinforcing events. To this end, we sought to establish nicotine + alcohol (N + A) interoceptive conditioning …
A Neural Correlate of Behavioural Stimulus Intensity Discrimination in a Mollusc

1. A behavioural sequence of Spisula is described that involves local reflexes, siphon retraction and valve adduction. The response to low-intensity tactile stimulation is locally mediated reflex activity of the siphon wall musculature. In response to medium-intensity stimulation, the siphon retractor muscles are activated along with local reflex activity. 2. A neural correlate of this behavioural discrimination between low and medium stimulus intensities was obtained by simultaneous intracellular recordings from pairs of efferent neurones, one neurone type involved in local reflexes and one efferent to the siphon retractor muscles. The peripherally located neurones of the siphon wall musculature (cluster cells) were found to have a lower spike threshold than the efferents to the siphon retractor muscles (pallial neurones). 3. Several lines of evidence are presented that support the assumption that intrasomatic recordings from these neurones accurately reflect the activity of the synaptic region. 4. The membrane electrical properties (i.e. input resistance, rheobasic current, threshold potential) of the two cell types were measured by passing current through single intrasomatic micro-electrodes. From these measurements it was found that the ‘critical firing level’ of the cluster cells is significantly lower than that of the pallial neurones. By way of their differential sensitivities to synaptic input, the stimulusintensity discrimination could be mediated by cluster cells and pallial neurones directly.
Post-translational and transcriptional regulation of DMT1 during P19 embryonic carcinoma cell differentiation by retinoic acid

Studies were performed to determine the regulation of DMT1 (divalent metal transporter 1) during RA (retinoic acid)-induced differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. Protein and mRNA expression for the +/−IRE (iron response element) forms of DMT1, but not the 1A isoform, were down-regulated within the first few hours upon removal of RA, at which time the cells began to differentiate. The turnover of the +/−IRE isoforms of DMT1 protein during this period was found to be dependent on both the proteasomal and lysosomal pathways. Changes in mRNA levels were shown to be regulated by nitric oxide produced by the induction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase after removal of RA. Nitric oxide functions by inhibiting NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) nuclear translocation and the subsequent binding to the putative NF-κB response element (at −19 to −23) within the 1B promoter. Gel-shift analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay indicated that nuclear NF-κB is capable of binding to this response element and that binding decreases during early stages of differentiation. Luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that a mutation in this binding domain leads to decreased activity. These results demonstrate that during neuronal differentiation of P19 cells, there is a decrease in specific isoforms of DMT1 via both post-translational and transcriptional mechanisms.
A Finite Element Model of Burn Injury in Blood-Perfused Skin

The burn process resulting from the application of a hot, cylindrical source to the skin surface was modeled using the finite element technique. A rotationally symmetric 125-element mesh was defined within the tissue beneath and outlying to an applied heating disk. The disk temperature and duration of contact were varied, respectively, between 50 and 100 degrees C for up to 30 s. Natural convection with ambient air was assumed for areas of skin surface not in direct contact with the disk. The simulated thermal history was used in a damage integral model to calculate the extent and severity of injury in the radial and axial dimensions.
PLAGIARISM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMICS PROFESSION

This paper integrates survey data on economists' experiences and perceptions of plagiarism with a game-theoretic model of author strategies to investigate whether information is being efficiently transmitted within the profession. The surveys reveal editorial misperceptions of the nature of plagiarism (e.g., plagiarism versus copyright infringement) and narrow assumptions about who bears the cost of plagiarism. Further, a wide disparity in author strategies to protect intellectual property rights exists, due to uncertainty over editorial response. These considerations are shown to lead to a Pareto-dominated publication process. By contrast, simple measures such as a code of ethics and web-based anti-plagiarism software can improve the flow of information.
Spermatid‐sertoli tubulobulbar complexes as devices for elimination of cytoplasm from the head region of late spermatids of the rat

The traditional and generally accepted mode of elimination of excess spermatid cytoplasm, known to take place at the time of sperm release, occurs as a result of the disengagement of the residual cytoplasmic mass. The present study suggests that cytoplasm is also eliminated from the head region of the spermatid in the period prior to sperm release. Data presented herein indicates that the amount of cytoplasm eliminated in this manner is substantial since the volume of spermatid cytoplasm diminishes by about 70% in the period of formation and resorption of tubulobulbar complexes. Reports from this laboratory (Russell and Clermont, '76; Russell, '79) indicated that characteristic evaginations of spermatid cytoplasm, termed tubulobulbar complexes, are resorbed by Sertoli cells in the form of numerous small pockets of cytoplasm. These pockets of cytoplasm are organelle-free and show a “watery” consistency. They are subsequently degraded by the Sertoli cell prior to sperm release. During the period of turnover of tubulobular complexes the organelles of the cytoplasmic lobe, which at first are loosely organized, become clustered and tightly packed. As a consequence, the cytoplasmic lobe appears electron dense and is stained intensely with toluidine blue. This feature is interpreted, although not proven, to be the result of elimination of the watery component of the cytoplasm via resorption of tubulobulbar complexes by the Sertoli cell. During the period in which tubulobulbar complexes form, there is an open channel in which cytoplasm may flow from the flagellum to the head and out the head into tubulobulbar complexes.
The hepatic lobules of suidae, tayassuidae, and hippopotamidae.

The hepatic lobules of the family Suidae are unusually large, completely surrounded by fibrous tissue, and supplied by relatively large branches of the hepatic artery. The interlobular septa carry small branches of the artery, vein and bile ducts of the adjacent portal tracts and may be regarded as attenuated extensions of the portal tracts. The hepatic lobules of Tayassuidae and Hippopotamidae lack these distinctive features.
Angry rumination moderates the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and risky behaviors

Abstract Perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) is associated with increased engagement in risky behaviors in ethnic minority emerging adults. Risky behaviors may reflect efforts to cope with emotional distress like depression or anxiety resulting from PED, particularly for individuals with poor emotion regulation skills. We hypothesized that the association between PED and risky behaviors would be particularly strong for emerging adults with tendencies for angry rumination. We further hypothesized that increased depressive and anxious symptoms would mediate the effect of the PED-rumination interaction on risky behaviors. In this survey study, 155 ethnic minority college students completed measures of PED, depressive and anxiety symptoms, trait angry rumination, and risky behaviors. Analyses revealed that angry rumination moderated the association between PED and greater risky behaviors. Depressive and anxiety symptoms did not mediate this effect. Although cross-sectional, these findings suggest that individuals with poor coping skills may be especially likely to respond to stressors such as PED by engaging in risky behaviors. Implications include using rumination-focused interventions in order to prevent engagement in risky behaviors in ethnic minority emerging adults.
Symmetric and transitive registration of image sequences

This paper presents a method for constructing symmetric and transitive algorithms for registration of image sequences from image registration algorithms that do not have these two properties. The method is applicable to both rigid and nonrigid registration and it can be used with linear or periodic image sequences. The symmetry and transitivity properties are satisfied exactly (up to the machine precision), that is, they always hold regardless of the image type, quality, and the registration algorithm as long as the computed transformations are invertable. These two properties are especially important in motion tracking applications since physically incorrect deformations might be obtained if the registration algorithm is not symmetric and transitive. Themethod was tested on two sequences of cardiac magnetic resonance images using two different nonrigid image registration algorithms. It was demonstrated that the transitivity and symmetry errors of the symmetric and transitive modification of the algorithms could be made arbitrary small when the computed transformations are invertable, whereas the corresponding errors for the nonmodified algorithms were on the order of the pixel size. Furthermore, the symmetric and transitive modification of the algorithms had higher registration accuracy than the nonmodified algorithms for both image sequences.
Elastic scattering of deuterons from carbon at 420 MeV

Abstract Employing Glauber's approximation and optical potential, the angular distribution and vector and tensor polarization for the scattering of 420 MeV deuterons from carbon are calculated and compared with the experimental data of Button and Mermod.
Robust regression for single-case data analysis: How can it help?

This study examined the degree to which outliers were present in a convenience sample of published single-case research. Using a procedure for analyzing single-case data Allison & Gorman (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 621-631, 1993), this study compared the effect of outliers using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to a robust regression method and attempted to answer four questions: (1) To what degree does outlier detection vary from OLS to robust regression? (2) How much do effect sizes differ from OLS to robust regression? (3) Are the differences produced by robust regression in more or less agreement with visual judgments of treatment effectiveness? (4) What is a typical range of effect sizes for robust regression versus OLS regression for data from "effective interventions"? Results suggest that outliers are common in single-case data. The effects of outliers in single-case data are explored, and the implications for researchers and practitioners using single-case designs are discussed.
Effects of locally infused pharmacological agents on spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity of locus coeruleus neurons.

Abstract Electrophysiological activity of individual locus coeruleus (LC) neurons was recorded in halothane-anesthetized rats before, during, and after the infusion of adrenergic, cholinergic, or peptidergic compounds about 400 μ, m lateral to LC. The alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine (CLON), in concentrations ranging from 5–20 μM (67–270 pg/50 nl injection), reversibly suppressed activity with latencies to onset of 5–15 min and durations of 20–120 min. During the onset of suppressed firing, responses to sensory stimuli (footshock) were relatively preserved, but at later times the reliability of footshock responses was greatly reduced. The alpha-adrenergic antagonist piperoxane (PIP) rapidly reversed the inhibitory effects of CLON. Infusion of 0.1 μl of 0.02 M acetylcholine (ACh) produced a 3–4 min period of increased LC firing, with a l min latency to onset. Larger volumes (0.15 μl) produced greater increases in firing rate lasting 10–12 min. ACh effects were readily reversed with equimolar doses of scopolamine (SCOP). The effects of 0.02 M ACh were also rapidly reversed by equal volumes of 0.001 M CLON, SCOP and CLON reduced basal firing rates without blocking responses to sensory stimuli. Infusion of the cholinergic agonist carbamyl-beta-choline (carbachol) produced robust, reliable activation of LC neurons at doses of 25–1,000 ng per 100 nl injection. The electrophysiological effects of 3 adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) fragments [1–24], [4–10], and [1–10] were also evaluated. ACTH[1–10] and ACTH[4–10] decreased LC activity for up to 2 hr. ACTH[l–24] exhibited more complex effects, with an increase in discharge rate being accompanied by a decrease in action potential amplitude. The results obtained with adrenergic and cholinergic agents are compatible with previous observations based on systemic or iontophoretic administration of these substances. The effects of ACTH infusion are more complex, with local infusion of these substances producing electrophysiological effects different from those obtained with iontophoretic techniques. The robust, reliable effects of local infusion of cholinergic or adrenergic agents on LC activity which were obtained using the parameters described in this report imply that such injections produce a simultaneous, reversible, verifiable increase or decrease in the mean discharge rate of proportion of LC neurons. This method could be used to implement new strategies for examining the postsynaptic and behavioral effects of enhanced or diminished LC activity.
Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in Cases Requiring Revision for Erosion and Urethral Atrophy

Purpose: A distal cuff location is often required in patients undergoing artificial urinary sphincter reimplantation after previous erosion or in those requiring revision because of urethral atrophy at the original cuff site. Dissecting the urethra at a more distal site increases the risk of urethral injury and erosion, and often the urethral circumference is so small that a 4 cm. cuff is too large. We present a novel technique for distal cuff placement using transcorporal dissection that leaves corporal tunica albuginea on the dorsal surface of the urethra, allowing for its safer mobilization and adding to its bulk.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the charts of 31 men who underwent this technique and contacted 26 by telephone. The indications for distal transcorporal cuff placement varied. In 7 men with inadequate urethral coaptation with a 4 cm. proximal cuff at initial implantation a primary transcorporal tandem cuff was implanted distal. In 8 men persistent or recurrent incontinence despite a 4 cm. ...
Preparation and Growth of Single Crystals of Metallic Azides by Controlled Diffusion in Silica Gel System

STUDIES of the solid state properties of metallic azides are at present restricted by the lack of availability of single crystal specimens because of preparative difficulties. According to reports, lead azide, for example, may explode spontaneously during solution growth, particularly when faster growth rates are used1–3. Crystal growth in gels at near ambient temperatures seems to be an attractive technique for growing single crystals of such metal azides4–7. In gels, the diffusion controlled growth rates are lower than in solution and convection currents, which may be a causative disturbance for explosions are virtually eliminated.
Stress functions for cosserat elasticity

Abstract In this paper a complete solution is obtained to the displacement equations of equilibrium for linear infinitesimal isotropic Cosserat elasticity. This solution is in terms of stress functions analogous to the Papkovitch functions of classical elasticity and those found by Mindlin and Tiersten for couple stress elasticity. Previous complete solutions to these equations given by Mindlin and by Neuber contain three more scalar potentials than are employed in the present solution.
Acute Epididymitis: Etiology and Therapy

Fifty patients with acute epididymitis were evaluated prospectively by history, examination, and microbiologic studies, including cultures for aerobes, anaerobes, N. gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. E. Coli was the predominant pathogen isolated from the urine of men over 35 years old and C. trachomatis and N. gonnorrheae were the predominant pathogens isolated from the urethra of men under 35. The etiologic role of E. Coli and C. trachomatis was confirmed by isolation from epididymal aspirates from a high proportion of men with positive urine of urethral cultures for these agents. C. trachomatis epididymitis accounted for two thirds of "idiopathic epididymitis" in men, and was often associated with oligozoospermia. Of nine female sexual partners of men with C. trachomatis infection, six had antibody to C. trachomatis, of whom two had positive cervical cultures for this organism, and the others had nongonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease. Antibiotic therapy with tetracycline was effective for the treatment of men with C. trachomatis epididymitis, and should be offered to their female sex partner.
Sintering Study in the Partially Vitreous As‐S‐Se System

A study of sintering of vitreous As-S-Se spheres has indicated relations concerning the viscous flow mechanism. Sphere-sphere geometric models are proposed to relate surface area to the sintering rate; one such model accurately describes the relation observed. In sphere-sphere sintering, the slope of the logarithm of the ratio of neck radius to the initial radius plotted against the logarithm of time is compositionally dependent Three types of internal structure are suggested in order of increasing arsenic content: (a) a system of chains and rings with arsenic “pinning points,” (b) trigonal As(S,Se)3 elements bound together by Se-Se, Se-S, and/or S-S linkages, and (c) a dense network of entirely As-S and/or As-Se linkages. When the ratio of surface area to final equilibrium surface area was plotted against time of sintering, the relation was linear. This indicates a constant dissipation of internal energy by a flow process. Deviation from this linear relation exists for structures involving ring and long chain configurations at viscosities above approximately 107.5 poises, suggesting the presence of non-viscous properties. A linear shrinkage equation was obtained for compositions where slopes of logarithm of the ratio of neck radius to the initial radius plotted against the logarithm of time of sintering were greater than 0.5.
Overexpression of the glucose-regulated stress gene GRP78 in malignant but not benign human breast lesions

The 78 kDa glucose-regulated stress protein GRP78 is induced by physiological stress conditions such as hypoxia, low pH, and glucose deprivation which often exist in the microenvironments of solid tumors. Activation of this stress pathway occurs in response to several pro-apoptotic stimuli. In vitro studies have demonstrated a correlation between induced expression of GRP78 and resistance to apoptotic death induced by topoisomerase II-directed drugs. We were interested in characterizing this protein in human breast lesions for potential implications in chemotherapeutic intervention. Surgical specimens of human breast lesions and paired normal tissues from the same patients were flash frozen for these studies. Total RNA and/or protein were extracted from these tissues and used in northern and/or western blot analyses, respectively, to quantify the relative expression of GRP78. Northern blot analysis indicated that 0/5 benign breast lesions, 3/5 estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumors, and 6/9 estrogen receptor negative (ER−) breast tumors exhibited overexpression of GRP78 mRNA compared to paired normal tissues, with fold overexpressions ranging from 1.8 to 20. Western blot analyses correlated with these findings since 0/5 benign breast lesions, 4/6 ER+ breast tumors, and 3/3 ER− breast tumors overexpressed GRP78 protein with fold overexpressions ranging from 1.8 to 19. Immunohistochemical analysis of these tissues demonstrated that the expression of GRP78 was heterogeneous among the cells comprising different normal and malignant glands, but confirmed the overexpression of GRP78 in most of the more aggressive ER− tumors. These results suggest that some breast tumors exhibit adverse microenvironment conditions that induce the overexpression of specific stress genes that may play a role in resistance to apoptosis and decreased chemotherapeutic efficacy.
Group discussion and prediscussion assessment of preferences in the risky shift

Abstract For this experiment the Choice Dilemma Questionnaire risk norm items were divided into two equivalent sets (Set A and Set B). The effect of the measurement sequence found in the typical risky shift study on the risky shift was assessed by comparing the postdiscussion risk preferences of subjects in three conditions on the Set A items: subjects in the standard pretest-group discussion-posttest paradigm (A-A condition); subjects who did not express prediscussion preferences, going directly into group discussions followed by a posttest (O-A condition); and a group of subjects who expressed pretest preferences on the Set B items and then had group discussions and a posttest over both Sets A and B items (B-AB condition). The postdiscussion risk preferences of subjects in the A-A condition were significantly riskier than those of subjects in the O-A and B-AB conditions. Also, the post-discussion preferences of subjects in the O-A and B-AB conditions did not differ from the prediscussion preferences in the A-A condition. The results indicated that the pretest-discussion-posttest paradigm used in risky shift studies is, in and of itself, instrumental in producing the typically reported findings.
Autocatalytic Synthesis of a Viral RNA in vitro

Experiments with an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase ("replicase") purified from Escherichia coli infected with an RNA bacteriophage (Qbeta) demonstrate that the enzyme generates a polynucleotide of the same molecular weight as viral RNA; the "replicase" cannot distinguish the polynucleotide from its own RNA genome. By starting reactions at input ratios below the saturation levels of template to enzyme, autocatalytic kinetics of RNA increase are observed. The data are consistent with the conclusion that self-propagation of complete viral genomes is occurring in this simple system.
Rapid analysis of discrete samples: the use of nonsegmented, continuous flow.

The principles and design of a high speed discrete sample analyzer are presented. The analyzer was operated at rates up to 120 samples per hour with return to baseline between samples. When trypsin standards were analyzed, coefficient of variation of less than 1% were attained.
Reserve reporting in the United States coal industry

United States energy policymaking can be better supported with accurate and consistent data on coal reserves, both in the public and private sectors. In particular, reserve data for coal and other energy resources should be directly comparable so that decision-makers can easily understand the relationship among available resources. Long-term policy and investment choices regarding energy security, the environment, and resource allocation depend on accurate information, but existing and easily available data on the magnitude of geologically, environmentally, economically, socially, and legally accessible coal reserves are of insufficient quality to guide such decisions. Even still, these data are often presented for use in policy and energy analysis. Currently, coal reserves are overstated relative to competitor energy resource reserves, in part because coal reporting standards have historically been more liberal and vague than standards for resources like natural gas. Overstating the marketable coal resource could lead to inefficient allocation of limited capital investment that can be difficult to reverse. US government bodies like the Energy Information Administration, United States Geological Survey, Securities and Exchange Commission, and Bureau of Land Management can help correct deficiencies by clarifying standards and collecting data that are relevant for decision-makers, such as energy-based reserve information.
Effect of melengestrol acetate as an alternative to induce molting in hens on the expression of yolk proteins and turnover of oviductal epithelium

Inducing hens to molt increases egg quality, egg production and extends the productive life of hens. It has been previously demonstrated that melengestrol acetate (MGA), an orally active progestin, decreased gonadotropic support for the ovary, which decreased the steroidogenic support for the oviduct and resulted in the cessation of lay. Estradiol produced by the theca cells of small follicles stimulates the production of the yolk proteins vitellogenin II and apolipoprotein II by the liver and supports the oviductal epithelial cells. The objective of the present experiment was to determine gene expression for yolk proteins and oviductal epithelial cell turn-over in response to a MGA-induced molt. Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were fed either 0 or 8 mg MGA per day for 28 days in a balanced diet and then returned to a standard layer ration until day 36. Four birds per treatment on days 1, 8, 16, 28 and 36 were euthanized and the liver was removed and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen until RNA was extracted. Expression of vitellogenin II and apolipoprotein II genes was determined using real-time RT-PCR. A portion of the magnum was removed to determine proliferation and programmed cell death for secretory and ciliated luminal epithelium. Vitellogenin II and apolipoprotein II gene expression was reduced in hens fed 8 mg MGA compared to those fed 0 mg MGA. There was no effect of day on gene expression of either yolk protein. Cell proliferation was increased in the ciliated epithelial cells of the oviduct in hens receiving 8 mg MGA compared to those receiving 0 mg. However, programmed cell death of the ciliated epithelial cells was not different between controls and MGA treatment. Programmed cell death and proliferation increased in the secretory epithelial cells in hens receiving 8 mg MGA compared to controls. Therefore, utilizing MGA as an alternative method to induce molt results in some, but not all, of the physiological changes previously described for hens molted by feed withdrawal. These findings lead us to suggest that some of the observed physiological changes resulting from feed withdrawal are required to increase egg quality and egg production following molt and other changes are not necessary, but are just a result of nutrient deprivation.
Changes in static stress on southern California faults after the 1992 Landers earthquake

THE magnitude 7.5 Landers earthquake of 28 June 1992 was the largest earthquake to strike California in 40 years. The slip that occurs in such an earthquake would be expected to induce large changes in the static stress on neighbouring faults; these changes in stress should in turn affect the likelihood of future earthquakes. Stress changes that load faults towards failure have been cited as the cause of small1–5, moderate6 and large7 earthquakes; conversely, those that relax neighbouring faults have been related to a decrease in seismicity5. Here we use an elastic half-space model8 to estimate the stress changes produced by the Landers earthquake on selected southern California faults, including the San Andreas. We find that the estimated stress changes are consistent with the triggering of four out of the five aftershocks with magnitude greater than 4.5, and that the largest changes (1–10 bar), occurring on part of the San Bernardino segment of the San Andreas fault, may have decreased the time to the next magnitude 8 earthquake by about 14 years.
Community organizing for post-disaster social development Locating social work

EnglishCommunity revitalization is a neglected element in disaster recovery. The literature on disaster and community practice is reviewed and some community development and organizing endeavors in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina are described. Social work's lack of emphasis on community organizing is a barrier to social development in post-disaster situations. FrenchLa revitalisation communautaire est un facteur ne glige dans la rele ve de catastrophe. L'auteur passe en revue la documentation sur les pratiques communautaires en situations de catastrophe et de crit quelques initiatives de de veloppement et d'organisation communautaires a la Nouvelle-Orle ans apre s le passage de l'ouragan Katerina. L'auteur conclut que le manque d'insistance du travail social sur l'organisation communautaire est un frein au de veloppement social dans des situations post-catastrophe. SpanishUn elemento descuidado en el trabajo de recuperacio n despue s de un desastre es la revitalizacio n comunitaria. Hago una revisio ...
6.3.4 Threads, Reference Cases, and System Models: Adapting OOA to Complex System Specification

Behavioral system models are often necessary to specify top-level system dynamic characteristics, especially for complex systems. Representing system stimulus/response behavior is often problematic, however. The scenario used to stimulate the system model may be overly simplistic, and won't be validated operational experts. On the other hand, operational experts will often develop a very broad set of system scenarios so detailed that they obfuscate the key system characteristics. This paper discusses a technique for aggregating operational system scenarios into a meaningful essential set of “reference cases”, which then serve as the functional baseline for system development and design verification.
A scattering result for rough surfaces having small height but arbitrary slope

Abstract An integral equation for the fluctuating part of the field scattered by a perfectly conducting randomly rough surface is derived. The Born term in this equation contains the Kirchhoff approximation and a new factor. This Born term is valid as long as the fluctuating field is small compared to the average scattered field. Translation of this field constraint to conditions on the rough surface shows that the new Born term will be accurate as long as the surface has a small surface height irrespective of the surface slopes, curvatures, etc. In the limit of small surface slopes, this result is shown to reduce to the classical Rice surface perturbation result. Applications of this new result are discussed.
Richard Posner's democratic pragmatism and the problem of ignorance

Abstract Richard Posner's Law, Pragmatism, and Democracy urges that political and legal decision makers should be guided by what he calls “everyday pragmatism,” rather than by “abstract” moral theory. He links his conception of pragmatic government to Sclmmpeter's unromantic view of democracy. Posner argues that judicial review should be based on a combination of pragmatism and adherence to this limited conception of democracy, rather than sticking closely to “formalist” theories of adjudication, which demand strict adherence to traditional legal norms. However, Posner's consequentialist pragmatism fails to provide an adequate guide to judicial decision making, because it does not give us any criterion for deciding which consequences are desirable. His Schumpeterian theory of democracy, too, is problematic because it does not sufficiently consider the shortcomings exposed in recent scholarship in political science and economics.
Paulhan Before Blanchot: From Terror to Letters Between the Wars

Readers of Blanchot's writings make up at least three generations which, in turn, point to the relevance of locating his practices of modernity in relation to literary and social history. An initial inquiry sets Blanchot's early writings against those of Jean Paulhan in the 1936 period of the Popular Front, rather than in the early part of the Second World War, as is commonly supposed. By pushing the early writings back to the period between the wars, we can better understand the place of political concerns in Blanchot's subsequent narratives and essays. This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol10/iss1/6 PAULHAN BEFORE BLANCHOT: FROM TERROR TO LETTERS BETWEEN THE WARS STEVEN UNGAR University of Iowa La terreur n'est autre chose que la justice prompte, severe, inflexible. Maximilien de Robespierre What can we learn by reading (or rereading) Blanchot today? Or, as the question might otherwise be put in order to stress its didactic force, what exactly is the lesson of Blanchot's writings for those who read them today? Until recently, approaches to Blanchot tended to split along the lines of his twin careers as novelist and literary critic, with discussion centered on whether to attribute priority to the criticism over the fiction or vice-versa. In 1973 Roger Laporte could still discern three distinct generations of Blanchot's readers.' In reverse order, the most recent came to his writings via the Nouveau Roman and the strategies of writing first set forth by Jacques Derrida in Writing and Difference and Of Grammatology. For a second or middle generation, Blanchot was a major post-war critic whose essays appeared regularly in prestigious literary journals such as Critique and the Nouvelle Revue Francaise. A first generation of readersthat of the period between the wars-is more elusive, for while Blanchot was known to have been writing during the 1930s, no one knows with certainty who was reading his earliest texts when they first appeared. The question of locating Blanchot within modernity is primarily a question of literary history: the three generations of his readers schematize the evolution of literary modernity in France over the past fifty years. Seen first in the wake of the Surrealists and subsequently as a fellow traveler of the Existentialists, Blanchot continues to elude
Psychologic vulnerability in epileptic patients

Abstract The psychologic vulnerability of the epileptic patient over the course of the disease pertains largely to the issues of control and competence. These difficulties are especially apparent during late adolescence and early adulthood. If there is no successful sphere of operation outside the family, a malignant intrafamilial adaptation can occur that is severely limiting for both the patient and his or her family. This paper suggests ways to cope with these psychologic problems.
Dynamic analysis of clamped plastic circular plates

Abstract A numerical analysis of a clamped circular rigid-plastic plate subjected to a uniformly distributed blast load with an arbitrary time history is presented. It is further shown that there exists a correlation between cases with different pressure-time histories. This correlation is used to reduce the case of an arbitrary pulse to that of a rectangular one for which the solution is known from the literature.
Structural Characterization of Peptidoglycan Muropeptides by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Postsource Decay Analysis

Abstract In this study we report the development of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI–MS)-based methods for the structural characterization of muropeptides derived from peptidoglycan. Prior to analysis, peptidoglycan samples were subjected to enzymatic digestion with muramidase and the resulting muropeptides were purified by HPLC. A new matrix, 5-chloro-2-mercaptobenzothiazole, was employed for the MALDI–MS analysis. The results have demonstrated that sub-picomole to femtomole detection can be achieved in both positive mode and negative mode, allowing unambiguous determination of the molecular masses of monomeric and oligomeric muropeptides. Structural information from monomeric muropeptides was obtained by further postsource decay (PSD) analysis. Fragmentation patterns in positive mode and negative mode PSD were complementary for the elucidation of the peptide chain sequence. Lysostaphin digestion was also incorporated with MALDI mass mapping analysis for determination of peptide chain cross-linking patterns of muropeptide oligomers from Staphylococcus aureus strains.
Hip function after total vs. surface replacement

Kinesiologic measurements were made in two groups of 20 men before and 6 and 24 months after resurfacing or conventional replacement. Before surgery the group to have resurfacing was younger, had less pain, slightly more hip motion, greater muscle strength, walked faster, and used fewer assistive devices during walking than the group to have the conventional replacement. After surgery, the group with resurfacing maintained its advantage in muscle strength and walking velocity.
Response time of cerebral arterioles to alterations in extravascular fluid pH.

Abstract Mock cerebrospinal fluid was infused into the perivascular space of pial arterioles with micropipets and the time course of vascular response was followed photographically. Simultaneously, the pH of this perivascular space was monitored continuously with a micro pH electrode to obtain the time course of pH change imposed on the vascular wall. The data indicated that cerebral arterioles dilate with a time constant of 10 sec or less to a change in the pH of the solution in which they are bathed. Furthermore, the speed of response is independent of resting vessel diameter.
Generalized best choice problem based on the information economics approach

We consider the problem of choosing the ‘best choice’ among a certain number of objects that are presented to a decision-maker in sequential order. Such a sequential selection problem is commonly referred to as the ‘best choice problem’, and its optimal stopping rule has been obtained either via the dynamic programming approach or via the Markovian approach. Based on the theory of information economics, we propose in the paper the third approach to a generalized version of the best choice problem that is intuitively more appealing. Various types of the best choice problem, such as (1) the classical secretary problem, (2) no information group interview problem, and (3) full information best choice problem with a random walk process, are shown to be special cases of the generalized best choice problem. The modelling framework of information economics has potential for building theory that ultimately would produce practical stopping rules.
Combined whole-mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in avian embryos.

The whole-mount in situ hybridization process has revolutionized the study of gene expression in the embryo. This procedure allows extremely sensitive detection of RNA transcripts and excellent spatial resolution. Numerous experiments benefit from the detection of more than one marker molecule in the same experimental embryo. While antisense RNA probes are extremely useful and methods for two-color in situ hybridization are available, antibodies recognizing specific protein species can help to expand the range of markers detected. Here we present a protocol that permits the simultaneous localization of RNA transcripts and immunocytochemical localization of proteins in the chick embryo.
Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology

This textbook provides a basic understanding of the formative processes of igneous and metamorphic rock through quantitative applications of simple physical and chemical principles. The book encourages a deeper comprehension of the subject by explaining the petrologic principles rather than simply presenting the student with petrologic facts and terminology. Assuming knowledge of only introductory college-level courses in physics, chemistry, and calculus, it lucidly outlines mathematical derivations fully and at an elementary level, and is ideal for intermediate and advanced courses in igneous and metamorphic petrology. The end-of-chapter quantitative problem sets facilitate student learning by working through simple applications. They also introduce several widely-used thermodynamic software programs for calculating igneous and metamorphic phase equilibria and image analysis software. With over 350 illustrations, this revised edition contains valuable new material on the structure of the Earth's mantle and core, the properties and behaviour of magmas, recent results from satellite imaging, and more.
Prototype flight management capabilities to explore temporal RNP concepts

Next generation air transportation system (NextGen) concepts of operation may require aircraft to fly planned trajectories in four dimensions - three spatial dimensions and time. A prototype 4D flight management capability is being developed by NASA to facilitate the development of these concepts. New trajectory generation functions extend todaypsilas flight management system (FMS) capabilities that meet a single required time of arrival (RTA) to trajectory solutions that comply with multiple RTA constraints. When a solution is not possible, a constraint management capability relaxes constraints to achieve a trajectory solution that meets the most important constraints as specified by candidate NextGen concepts. New flight guidance functions provide continuous guidance to the aircraftpsilas flight control system to enable it to fly specified 4D trajectories. Guidance options developed for research investigations include a moving time window with varying tolerances that are a function of proximity to imposed constraints, and guidance that recalculates the aircraftpsilas planned trajectory as a function of the estimation of current compliance. Compliance tolerances are related to required navigation performance (RNP) through the extension of existing RNP concepts for lateral containment. A conceptual temporal RNP implementation and prototype display symbology are proposed.
Electric Oscillations in the Double-Circuit Three-Phase Transmission Line

This paper, after referring to the results of a previous study of the electric oscillations on the three-phase aerial line obtained by Dr. Bekku, describes the additional work done by the writer concerning the electric oscillations in the double-circuit, three-phase transmission line, and shows that there are three kinds of traveling waves. The nature of these waves, and some of the important results of the induced transients, are described. In the appendixes, it is shown briefly how these results were derived and how to calculate the line constants from the construction data of the lines. A few numerical examples are given.
Personalized Philanthropy Can it Support Youth and Build Civic Commitments

The I Have a Dream (IHAD) program provides financial, academic, and social support to randomly selected classes of youth throughout the country. Each program is sponsored by a philanthropist who be...
Electronic data processing in systematic collections

EDP can provide a collection with better specimen documentation, complete cross-indexes and rapid information retrieval and reporting capabilities. EDP costs vary widely with the circumstances and objectives of a project but are now within the reach of most collections. Considering its profound impact on the value of a collection, EDP is a bargain compared to other areas of cost in the collections.- Installation of EDP requires a review of procedures, a statement of objectives, reorganization of the current system and establishment of rigorous standards, so it also requires a strong committment in order to succeed. A trusted staff member with authority and EDP potential should be put in charge, and at least one collection already using EDP should be visited.
Handling strategies for import containers at marine terminals

Many types of storage systems require goods to be stacked in a storage area. The amount of handling effort required to retrieve individual items from the stacks depends on stack heights and on the adopted storage strategy. The paper focuses on container import operations at marine terminals. It presents methods for measuring the amount of handling effort required when two basic strategies are adopted, one that tries to keep all stacks the same size and another than segregates containers according to arrival time. The strategies are compared in an idealized situation. The methods should be easy to modify for the analysis of similar systems.
Pediatric pacemaker infections: Twenty years of experience

Abstract Objective: We sought to evaluate possible predictors of early and late pacemaker infections in children. Methods: A review was performed of all pacemakers implanted in children at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between 1982 and 2001. Infections were classified as superficial cellulitus, deep pacemaker pocket infection necessitating removal, or positive blood culture without an identifiable source. Results: A total of 385 pacemakers (224 epicardial and 161 endocardial) were implanted in 267 patients at 8.4 ± 6.2 years. All 2141 outpatient visits were reviewed (median follow-up, 29.4 months; range, 2-232 months). There were 30 (7.8%) pacemaker infections: 19 (4.9%) superficial infections; 9 (2.3%) pocket infections; and 2 (0.5%) isolated positive blood cultures. All superficial infections resolved with intravenous antibiotics. The median time from implantation to infection was 16 days (range, 2 days-5 years). Only 1 deep infection occurred after primary pacemaker implantation. Six patients with deep infections were pacemaker dependent and were successfully managed with intravenous antibiotics, followed by lead-generator removal and implantation of a new pacemaker in a remote location. In univariate analyses trisomy 21 (relative risk, 3.9; P P P Conclusions: The incidences of superficial and deep pacemaker infections were 4.9% and 2.3%, respectively. Trisomy 21 and pacemaker revisions were significant risk factors in the development of infection after pacemaker implantation. For primary pacemaker implantation, the risk of infection requiring system removal is low (0.3%). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;124:821-7