cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Case of Abrupt-Onset Apathy, Psychosis, and Depression Following Deep Brain Stimulation in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease

There is clear evidence for the positive motor outcomes of patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) undergoing deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). 1 However, data for unintended neuropsychiatric effects of this procedure are accumulating. 2–7 Certain subsets of patients may be more likely to experience these adverse outcomes following implantation, but these are not yet clearly described. 2– 4,8 We report a case of a 51year-old Hispanic male with early-onset PD who became abruptly psychotic, apathetic, and cognitively impaired following DBS. The case draws attention to the still unanswered question of how to select patients who may be at risk for neuropsychiatric complications associated with this therapy.
Scalar discrete nonlinear multipoint boundary value problems

Abstract In this paper we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to scalar discrete nonlinear multipoint boundary value problems. By allowing more general boundary conditions and by imposing less restrictions on the nonlinearities, we obtain results that extend previous work in the area of discrete boundary value problems [Debra L. Etheridge, Jesus Rodriguez, Periodic solutions of nonlinear discrete-time systems, Appl. Anal. 62 (1996) 119–137; Debra L. Etheridge, Jesus Rodriguez, Scalar discrete nonlinear two-point boundary value problems, J. Difference Equ. Appl. 4 (1998) 127–144].
Interactive creative problem solving

A set creative problem-solving tools for instructional purposes is discussed. The tools include a problem-solving text which presents the heuristic, a set of slides in electronic form that can be used to enhance classroom presentations, and interactive computer modules that reinforce and develop the students' problem-solving skills. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Leakage of CO2 from geologic storage: Role of secondary accumulation at shallow depth

Geologic storage of CO2 can be a viable technology for reducing atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases only if it can be demonstrated that leakage from proposed storage reservoirs and associated hazards are small or can be mitigated. Risk assessment must evaluate potential leakage scenarios and develop a rational, mechanistic understanding of CO2 behavior during leakage. Flow of CO2 may be subject to positive feedbacks that could amplify leakage risks and hazards, placing a premium on identifying and avoiding adverse conditions and mechanisms. A scenario that is unfavorable in terms of leakage behavior is formation of a secondary CO2 accumulation at shallow depth. This paper develops a detailed numerical simulation model to investigate CO2 discharge from a secondary accumulation, and evaluates the role of different thermodynamic and hydrogeologic conditions. Our simulations demonstrate self-enhancing as well as self-limiting feedbacks. Condensation of gaseous CO2, 3-phase flow of aqueous phase -- liquid CO2 -- gaseous CO2, and cooling from Joule-Thomson expansion and boiling of liquid CO2 are found to play important roles in the behavior of a CO2 leakage system. We find no evidence that a subsurface accumulation of CO2 at ambient temperatures could give rise to a high-energy discharge, a so-called pneumatic eruption.
The Transport of Bifunctional Proteins across Respiratory Epithelia in Human Tracheal Xenografts by Exploiting the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor

The Transport of Bifunctional Proteins across Respiratory Epithelia in Human Tracheal Xenografts by Exploiting the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor
The effect of hypoxia on term trophoblast: Hormone synthesis and release

Isolated trophoblast in culture remained viable when exposed to severe hypoxia (Po2 12-14 mmHg) for at least 72 h as indicated by trypan blue exclusion and the synthesis and secretion of metabolically labelled proteins. However, release of hCG, hPL, progesterone and estradiol was reduced to < 10 per cent when compared to trophoblast in normoxia (Po2 120-130 mmHg). hCG mRNA was also reduced demonstrating interruption of synthesis at transcription. Acute exposure to hypoxia (2 h) suppressed progesterone release but not hCG, whereas inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation suppressed hCG release but not progesterone. hCG release increases progressively during culture in normoxia, peaking at 72 h. Exposure of trophoblast to hypoxia for 48 h after 24, 48 and 72 h in normoxia interrupted this progression but did not suppress hCG release. Progesterone release, in contrast, was reduced by hypoxia. Exogenous dibutyryl cAMP increased hCG and progesterone release by normoxic trophoblast but not by hypoxic cells. Trophoblast returned to normoxia after 24 h in hypoxia increased hCG and progesterone release, suggesting early recovery. Conservation of oxygen and ATP by reducing hormone synthesis may contribute to survival of trophoblast in hypoxia.
Predicting Protein Families using Protein Shape Context

Given the rapidly increasing quantity of available genomic and proteomic data, efficient and reliable analysis of protein 3D structures has become a major challenge in the post genomic era. In this work, we introduce the sorted protein shape context, and its encoding into a protein shape string as an effective descriptor for protein 3D structures. Based on the new encoding, we present a method for predicting the functional family for a given protein 3D structure. Applying the proposed method on a dataset of known protein families from Pfam resulted in an average Type I error rate of 10% and Type II error rate of 0.1%.
Temperature dependence of the superconducting energy gap of Pb

Abstract The temperature dependence of the superconducting energy gap of Pb was determined using Pb-Pb tunnel junctions. Deviations from the BCS theory were consistent with the physical arguments used by Schrieffer and Wada to explain the large ratio of energy gap to transition temperature for strong coupling superconductors and with the detailed numerical calculations of Swihart, Scalapino and Wada.
Characterization and control of sub-100-nm etch and lithography processes using atomic force metrology

We discuss the aspects of three-dimensional AFM metrology relevant to 90 nm node processes, with extensions to 65 nm node and beyond. Important advances have been made, including deployment of silicon tips with diameter less than 70 nm as well as development of a novel algorithm for tip shape deconvolution. As primary case studies, we present detailed analyses of process and materials issues encountered during poly silicon etch and during 193 nm photolithography. Etched poly silicon shows shape details at the bottom of the line that are known to impact device performance both directly (by defining the physical gate length) and indirectly (by screening ion implantation). Our data from one particular process show that etch shape (CD and sidewall angle) varies strongly as the line pitch decreases from 500 nm to 260 nm, with sidewall angle changing by approximately 0.8 degrees per 100 nm pitch change. We also present data for a different etch process in which both CD and sidewall angle vary systematically across the wafer from center to edge, with the range of sidewall angles being ~2 degrees and CD varying by 20 nm. Resist is seen to have height and sidewall angle variation with pattern density and with linewidth at a given focus-exposure process point. In addition, resist profiles before resist trim show footing, standing waves and 3-dimensional sidewall roughness that are readily visualized and quantified with AFM measurements.
Sun, Wind, Rock and Metal: Attitudes toward Renewable and Non-renewable Energy Sources in the Context of Climate Change and Current Energy Debates

Current energy debates are often framed in terms of the extent to which energy sources may mitigate global climate change (GCC) and facilitate energy independence (EI). However, little is understood about whether and how attitudes towards GCC and EI influence attitudes toward energy sources. Our study included 277 undergraduate students enrolled in introductory psychology classes at a large, Southeastern university. As hypothesized, results from ordinal and binary logistic regression analyses revealed that the likelihood participants would support the use of solar, wind, coal or nuclear energy decreased as a function of their belief that an energy source contributed to GCC. The belief that an energy source contributed to EI increased participants’ likelihood of support. Results suggest that beliefs about GCC and EI are important to determining support for energy sources and will likely contribute to effective marketing strategies and efforts to implement more environmentally-sustainable behavior and energy policy.
Chronic intermittent nicotine administration attenuates traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive dysfunction.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates immediate and secondary neuropathological cascades that can result in persistent neurological dysfunction. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that experimental rat brain injury causes a rapid and persistent decrease in CNS alpha7* nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChr) expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intermittent nicotine injections could improve cognitive performance in the Morris water maze (MWM) following experimental brain injury. Adult male rats were anesthetized and subjected to a 1.5 mm controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury of the somatosensory cortex. Animals received twice daily i.p. nicotine injections for 11 days prior to CCI, 11 days following CCI or during both pre- and post-surgical intervals. MWM training was initiated 12 days post-injury. In the training phase of cognitive testing, twice-daily nicotine treatment following injury attenuated trauma-induced deficits in the distance traveled to reach the escape platform. This group of animals also had improvements in several measures of the probe test, including time spent, distance traveled and total entries into the target quadrant. TBI caused significant deficits in alpha7* nAChr expression in several regions of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, which were largely unaffected by intermittent nicotine treatment. However, nicotine treatment up-regulated [(3)H]-epibatidine binding to non-alpha7* nAChrs, attenuating TBI-induced deficits in receptor expression in several brain regions evaluated. These results suggest that nicotine is efficacious at attenuating CCI-induced cognitive deficits in a manner independent of changes in alpha7* nAChr expression, perhaps via up-regulation of non-alpha7* nAChrs.
On the heat and mass transfer from an ascending magma

The maximum heat transfer possible from a sphere of magma ascending through a viscous lithosphere is estimated using a Nusselt number formulation. An upper bound is found for the Nusselt number by using the characteristics of a potential flow which, it is argued, is similar in the limit to a non-isothermal Stokes-flow in which the fluid (wall rock) viscosity is sensitive to temperature. A set of cooling curves are calculated for a magma ascending at a constant velocity beneath an island arc. If the magma is to arrive at the surface without solidifying its ascent velocity must be greater than about 5.8 × 10−3 cm s−1, for a magma radius of 1 km, and greater than about 2.7 × 10−5 cm s−1, for a magma radius of 6 km. If the magma begins its ascent crystal free it will generally become superheated over most of its ascent. Using essentially the same formulation as for heat transfer the mass transfer to or from a spherical body of magma ascending at these velocities is given approximately by ΔC ⋍ ΔW/10, where ΔC is the change in weight percent of a component in the magma during ascent and ΔW is the compositional contrast of that component between the magma and its wall rock.
Homeotic gene expression in the wild-type and a homeotic mutant of the moth Manduca sexta.

Antibodies were used to examine the expression patterns of Antennapedia (Antp), Ultrabithorax (Ubx), Ubx and abdominal-A combined(Ubx/abd-A),and Distalless (Dll) in the embryos of the moth Manduca sexta. We found that the spatial and temporal pattern of Antp expression in Manduca was correlated with the anterior migration of two patches of epithelium that include the anterior-most tracheal pits, and with the development of functional spiracles. Ubx expression showed an intricate pattern which suggests complex regulation during development. Throughout Manduca embryogenesis the expression of Ubx/Abd-A and Dll was similar to that reported for other insects. However, there was no apparent reduction in Ubx/Abd-A expression in the Manduca abdominal proleg primordia that expressed Dll. The expression of these four proteins was also examined in embryosof the Manduca homozygous homeotic mutant Octopod (Octo). The Octo mutation results in the transformation of A1 and A2 in the anterior direction, with homeotic legs appearing on A1 and occasionally A2. Our results suggest that in Octo animals there is a reduction in the level of Ubx protein expression throughout its domain. Based on homeotic gene expression in wild-type and mutant Manduca and in other insects, we discuss potential roles of homeotic genes in insect morphological evolution.
Particle Size Limit for Concomitant Tuning of Size and Shape of Platinum Nanoparticles

Based on a polyol process, one-step synthetic procedures were investigated for concomitant control of the shape and size of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs). Cubic and octahedral/tetrahedral particles of different sizes (5–10 nm) were synthesized using these procedures. Further attempts to control the shape of the NPs below 3–4 nm failed. It was found that 3–4 nm is the particle size limit for Pt NPs above which the particle size and shape can be concomitantly controlled.
Analysis of mono- and polysaccharides in creeping bentgrass turf using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Conventional analytical methods available for measuring total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) concentrations in turfgrasses are not suitable for nondestructive and routine in-field evaluations. The objectives of this study were to examine the utility of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to analyze the concentrations of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and fructan in creeping bentgrass {Agrostis palustris Huds. [= A. stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.]} clippings and to determine the effect of sample collection and preparation techniques on TNC content. Samples were collected from a field experiment and subjected to different post-clipping sampling techniques to determine the stability of carbohydrate components through sample processing. Instant freezing in liquid nitrogen, rapid cooling in a dry ice chamber, and ambient temperature collection techniques were examined. TNC and fructan concentrations, analyzed by NIRS, were 19 and 9% higher in samples treated with liquid nitrogen and held in dry ice followed by freeze-drying than the other sampling techniques. Calibration equations were obtained by modified partial least square (PLS) regression analysis of conventional laboratory analysis values on 97 selected NIR spectra using a scanning monochromator NIR spectrophotometer and WinISI computer software. Calibration equations were externally validated with 15 additional samples. The standard errors of calibration (SEC) were 1.3, 1.9, 1.0, 4.3, and 7.1 mg g -1 for glucose, fructose, sucrose, fructan, and TNC, respectively. Predicted and observed concentrations of all TNC components in all validation sets were highly correlated (r 2 > 0.90), except once for sucrose (r 2 = 0.59). We conclude that NIRS can analyze the TNC concentration of creeping bentgrass clippings more conveniently and faster than conventional analytical techniques. The results indicate that NIRS can determine TNC and its component concentrations in different creeping bentgrass cultivars with good accuracy.
Comparison of π-complexations of ethylene and carbon monoxide with Cu+ and Ag+

A direct comparison of adsorption of CO and ethylene on AgCl and CuCl is made. An ab initio molecular orbital study using the effective core potential is performed to determine the bond energies and the nature of the bonds between the adsorbates and adsorbents. Experimental results show that both CO and C2H4 adsorb more strongly on CuCl than on AgCl. However, CO adsorbs much more strongly on CuCl than on AgCl, while the difference in heats of adsorption is far less for C2H4 on these two sorbents. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations correctly predict the trends. The natural bond orbital (NBO) theory is used to explain the results. The NBO results show that in the two-way π-complexation bonding, the d−π* backdonation plays a major role in determining the bonding for these systems.
Elucidation of molecular structures at buried polymer interfaces and biological interfaces using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy

Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been developed into an important technique to study surfaces and interfaces. It can probe buried interfaces in situ and provide molecular level structural information such as the presence of various chemical moieties, quantitative molecular functional group orientation, and time dependent kinetics or dynamics at such interfaces. This paper focuses on these three most important advantages of SFG and reviews some of the recent progress in SFG studies on interfaces related to polymer materials and biomolecules. The results discussed here demonstrate that SFG can provide important molecular structural information of buried interfaces in situ and in real time, which is difficult to obtain by other surface sensitive analytical techniques.
Seed Sequence-Matched Controls Reveal Limitations of Small Interfering RNA Knockdown in Functional and Structural Studies of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A-MOBKL1B Interaction

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a widespread human pathogen causing liver cirrhosis and cancer. Similar to the case for other viruses, HCV depends on host and viral factors to complete its life cycle. We used proteomic and yeast two-hybrid approaches to elucidate host factors involved in HCV nonstructural protein NS5A function and found that MOBKL1B interacts with NS5A. Initial experiments with small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown suggesting a role in HCV replication led us to examine the interaction using biochemical and structural approaches. As revealed by a cocrystal structure of a core MOBKL1B-NS5A peptide complex at 1.95 A, NS5A binds to a hydrophobic patch on the MOBKL1B surface. Biosensor binding assays identified a highly conserved, 18-amino-acid binding site in domain II of NS5A, which encompasses residues implicated in cyclophilin A (CypA)-dependent HCV RNA replication. However, a CypA-independent HCV variant had reduced replication in MOBKL1B knockdown cells, even though its NS5A does not interact with MOBKL1B. These discordant results prompted more extensive studies of MOBKL1B gene knockdowns, which included additional siRNAs and specifically matched seed sequence siRNA controls. We found that reduced virus replication after treating cells with MOBKL1B siRNA was actually due to off-target inhibition, which indicated that the initial finding of virus replication dependence on the MOBKL1B-NS5A interaction was incorrect. Ultimately, using several approaches, we found no relationship of the MOBKL1B-NS5A interaction to virus replication. These findings collectively serve as a reminder to investigators and scientific reviewers of the pervasive impact of siRNA off-target effects on interpretation of biological data. IMPORTANCE Our study illustrates an underappreciated shortcoming of siRNA gene knockdown technology. We initially identified a cellular protein, MOBKL1B, as a binding partner with the NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV). MOBKL1B siRNA, but not irrelevant RNA, treatment was associated with both reduced virus replication and the absence of MOBKL1B. Believing that HCV replication depended on the MOBKL1B-NS5A interaction, we carried out structural and biochemical analyses. Unexpectedly, an HCV variant lacking the MOBKL1B-NS5A interaction could not replicate after cells were treated with MOBKL1B siRNA. By repeating the MOBKL1B siRNA knockdowns and including seed sequence-matched siRNA instead of irrelevant siRNA as a control, we found that the MOBKL1B siRNAs utilized had off-target inhibitory effects on virus replication. Collectively, our results suggest that stricter controls must be utilized in all RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene knockdown experiments to ensure sound conclusions and a reliable scientific knowledge database.
Epstein-Barr virus dacryoadenitis.

Abstract PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features of lacrimal gland inflammation associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. METHODS: The clinical records, laboratory data, and radiographs of patients who had inflammation of one or both lacrimal glands that had begun less than 4 weeks previously were reviewed. RESULTS: Sixteen patients with dacryoadenitis were encountered between 1980 and 1996, a cumulative frequency of approximately one case per 10,000 new ophthalmic outpatients. Six individuals had serologic or other evidence of recent Epstein-Barr virus infection and were distinguished by the presence of regional lymphadenopathy, no purulent discharge, and a duration of symptoms of 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: Epstein-Barr virus is a probable cause of unilateral and bilateral dacryoadenitis in young adults.
Taxes and inflation

Abstract : This paper contains the results of a preliminary investigation into the role that taxes may have played in the inflationary process of the past two decades. Such an analysis seems timely, because the proportion of GNP devoted to taxes has been rising fairly steadily since 1950. Moreover, not much attention has been paid in the literature to taxes in the possible role as causes of inflationary pressures. In recent macroeconomic textbooks, taxes have been analyzed in a predominantly Keynesian framework, in which taxes are determinants of aggregate demand. Accordingly, increases in taxes lead to reductions in aggregate demand and, hence, their impact tends to be deflationary. But aggregate supply remains completely unaffected by changes in taxes.
Aerothermodynamic design of high speed rockets

The analytical methods, computer-code techniques, and experimental test procedures used in the aerothermodynamic design of high-speed rockets are presented. The thermal protection system designed for the TalosTerrior-Recruit (TATER) rocket system is discussed. Comparisons between thermal response predictions and flight test experimental results for the TATER indicate that these methods can be used to design high performance rocket sytems.
ESP within a new descriptive framework

: This paper introduces and defines four language planning terms (status planning, corpus planning, policy planning, and language cultivation) into the ESP literature. This nomenclature describes and categorizes the different planning phases involved in communicative curriculum design, implementation and maintenance. The utility of these terms as descriptors for the language teaching problem-solving process is then exemplified with reference to two language problems frequently encountered by ESP practitioners, namely the selection of: (1) a medium (or media) on instruction for use in the classroom, and (2) an appropriate standard variety of English and attendant standards of correctness expected of the learners. Finally, possible objections to the ideas expressed in this paper are discussed and refuted.
Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Fields: The Importance of the Need to Belong and Self-Esteem on the Intention to Leave a Job

The purpose of the study was to predict individual intentions to leave science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field jobs. Psychological predictors were gender, the need to belong, self-esteem, perceived personal discrimination, and perceived group discrimination. We used the Amazon Mechanical Turk to recruit participants and Survey Monkey to conduct an online survey. Participants were 174 men and women who worked or studied in STEM fields. Two-step hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to analyze the data. As a result, we found that all predictors mentioned above accounted for the variance in the intention to leave a job. Self-esteem and perceived personal discrimination were critical predictors for men in STEM fields; self-esteem and perceived group discrimination were critical predictors for women in STEM fields. For women, interestingly, the interaction effect of the need to belong and self-esteem added an additional variance in predicting the intention to leave a job. The need to belong buffered the effect of self-esteem on the intention of STEM women to leave a job. Thus, it might be that STEM women with low self-esteem are more likely to change a job if their need to belong is not fulfilled.
EGL-10 Regulates G Protein Signaling in the C. elegans Nervous System and Shares a Conserved Domain with Many Mammalian Proteins

Abstract The frequencies of certain periodic behaviors of the nematode C. elegans are regulated in a dose-dependent manner by the activity of the gene egl-10 . These behaviors are modulated oppositely by the activity of the G protein α subunit gene goa-1 , suggesting that egl-10 may regulate a G protein signaling pathway in a dose-dependent fashion. egl-10 encodes a protein similar to Sst2p, a negative regulator of G protein signaling in yeast. EGL-10 protein is localized in neural processes, where it may function in neurotransmitter signaling. Two previously known and 13 newly identified mammalian genes have similarity to egl-10 and SST2 , and we propose that members of this family regulate many G protein signaling pathways.
Cancer concepts and principles: primer for the interventional oncologist-part I.

This is the second of a two-part overview of the fundamentals of oncology for interventional radiologists. The first part focused on clinical trials, basic statistics, assessment of response, and overall concepts in oncology. This second part aims to review the methods of tumor characterization; principles of the oncology specialties, including medical, surgical, radiation, and interventional oncology; and current treatment paradigms for the most common cancers encountered in interventional oncology, along with the levels of evidence that guide these treatments.
ANALYSIS OF THE CUT LOCUS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Mutants of the cut (ct) locus can be divided into two classes: viable and lethal. Most of the viable alleles are characterized by varying degrees of scalloping and notching of the wings. One mutant, kinked femur, exhibits kinking of the femurs and failure of wing expansion, but no other changes in wing structure. In heterozygous combination with the other viable alleles, it exhibits complete complementation, but it fails to complement with lethal ct alleles with respect to its viable phenotype. Similarly, all of the other viable ct alleles express a mutant wing phenotype when heterozygous with lethal ct alleles.-Mapping experiments indicate that the lethal alleles, which comprise the majority of all ct mutations recovered, are confined to a small region at the right end of the locus. That this restriction is real and not an artifact imposed by the limited number of lethal mutations mapped in the locus is supported by an examination of the mutant ct(JC20), a presumptive deficiency for the left-most third of the locus. Despite its behavior as a deletion, ct(JC20) is viable, though mutant, in combination with the lethal alleles. The restriction of the noncomplementary lethals to a small part of the locus, distinct from the other ct mutants, suggests a polarity that may define a segment that functions only in cis within the complex.-Based on the comparison of the data with the prediction of several models, we suggest that the left portion of the locus, which contains the viable alleles, defines a regulatory region controlling the expression of the locus, while the segment encoding a polypeptide product is at the right end and only it is capable of mutating to a lethal state.
Optimization of DRAM sense amplifiers for the gigabit era

This paper reviews sense amplifier design challenges as DRAM densities are increased beyond a gigabit. Various proposed solutions for maintaining high performance and sensitivity, while reducing the array voltage are reviewed. Preamplification, body-effect control, V/sub t/ mismatch cancellation, and two revolutionary solutions are presented and discussed.
Building Interorganizational Relationships That Build Nations

This paper describes relationship building among nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in a civil society effort. It presents the results of an interorganizational network analysis of 17 Croatian civil society organizations that participated in the 2000 parliamentary election campaign. The research analyzes network relationships including density, structural holes, and centrality, considering the nature of these relationships as a function of choice of communication channels and strength of ties. The results of this study describe the communication roles of various organizations during the transformation from a totalitarian state to a fledgling civil society.
A post-reform assessment of the Indian banking sector: profitability, risk and transparency

This paper critically evaluates the performance of Indian banks by examining quantitative data on bank profitability and risk subsequent to the market-oriented reforms in 1991. A bank transparency indicator is also constructed to appraise the performance of Indian banks with respect to the quality of their disclosures. The assessment indicates deteriorating profitability, heightened risk exposure and inadequate transparency of accounting disclosures. The study underscores an urgent need for an improvement in the risk management skills of Indian banks and their supervisors. Such practices may necessitate more rather than less governance in areas of corrective action, financial transparency, and risk management.
Recombinant factor VIIa for the treatment of severe postoperative and traumatic hemorrhage

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the dose of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) that has been used in our institution to successfully control hemorrhage in trauma and postoperative patients. Methods: This was an 8-month retrospective cohort study of 13 patients with acute hemorrhage and no known history of coagulopathic disorders. Results: Administration of factor VIIa resulted in the cessation of life-threatening hemorrhage at dosages approximately one half those recommended for the management of hemophilia. After administration, there was a significant decrease in the total blood-product transfusion requirement (P 0.05). Conclusions: The use of factor VIIa in patients with life-threatening hemorrhage is a safe and effective therapeutic modality when used as an adjunct to standard interventions for control of severe hemorrhage. Lower-dose regimens were as successful as higher-dose regimens previously reported. The results of this respective study of 13 patients suggests that recombinant factor VIIa therapy for control of life-threatening hemorrhage as an adjunct to standard interventions can be successful at doses 90 mg/kg. © 2005 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved.
Form and Function of Mental Health Authorities at RWJ Foundation Program Sites: Preliminary Observations

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Program on Chronic Mental Illness provides support for broad change in the organization, financing, and delivery of services in public systems of care for chronic mentally ill persons. To address the lack of an organizational locus of responsibility in these systems, the foundation proposed that each of the nine cities participating in the program create a mental health authority that would centralize administrative, clinical, and fiscal oversight. The authors present site-by-site observations of the developing mental health authorities at the end of the program's two-and-a-half-year planning phase. They conclude that although the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation grant represented a significant incentive for innovation, at this relatively early stage in the demonstration authorities at only a few sites bad achieved direct clinical responsibility for chronic mentally ill persons. Although services had expanded, no site had yet developed a comprehensive system of care that i...
Severe Reactions to Cuprophan Capillary Dialyzers

Five severe reactions occurred in four maintenance hemodialysis patients 1 to 5 minutes after initiating dialysis with Cuprophan capillary dialyzers. All reactions were life-threatening and one resulted in death. Inadequate rinsing of the dialyzers was probably the cause of the reactions. The severe reactions were managed by immediate discontinuation of dialysis and the institution of supportive treatment. Antianaphylactic measures were also attempted, but their therapeutic effectiveness remains to be determined.
In vitro glucuronidation of D-23129, a new anticonvulsant, by human liver microsomes and liver slices.

1. The metabolic profile of D-23129, a new anticonvulsant agent, was studied in vitro using human liver microsomes and fresh liver slices. 2. Oxidative metabolism appeared to be minimal with D-23129. The percent mean total radioactivity not associated with the parent compound recovered from oxidative metabolism studies from three individual liver donors was 0 7% 0 6 SD and was not significantly different from \ [C]-D-23129 incubated with heat inactivated microsomes, mean 0 5% 0 4 SD. 3. Phase II conjugation dominated the metabolism of D-23129 producing two distinct N -glucuronides as the primary metabolites. These metabolites were identified by electrospray ionization LC MS. 4. The apparent K for one of the glucuronide metabolites was determined in human m liver microsome preparations from two individual liver donors to be 131 and 264 mu M respectively. V determined for the same microsomal preparations yielded 48 9 and max 59 9 pmol min mg protein.
Caring for an infant with trisomy 18: A case study and guidelines

Much of the literature describes the prognosis for infants with full trisomy 18 as bleak. The case study offered here provides an overview of an infant with this diagnosis who lived for 88.5 days in a Level III neonatal intensive care unit. Care decisions (medical and basic care) and their outcomes are described along with implications for care for infants with a diagnosis often characterized as incompatible with life. The need for information about treatment options and collaboration among an infant’s medical team is emphasized.
Identification of Ras and Its Downstream Signaling Elements and Their Potential Role in Hamster Sperm Motility

Ras, a member of the small G-protein family, regulates multiple signaling pathways in somatic cells. The objectives of the present study included the characterization and localization of Ras and the identification of its downstream effectors in hamster spermatozoa. Immunoblot analysis with a pan-Ras monoclonal antibody localized Ras to the particulate fraction of sonicated testicular and caput and cauda epididymal spermatozoa. However, Ras was present in both the particulate and soluble fractions of spermatocytes and round spermatids, suggesting that its membrane recruitment is completed during spermiogenesis. Immunoblots of plasma membrane fractions demonstrated that hamster spermatozoa express both N-Ras and K-Ras. Indirect immunofluorescence with pan-Ras antibody localized Ras to the flagellum. Immunoblot analysis of sperm plasma membrane fractions demonstrated the presence of phosphatidylinositol 3kinase (PI3-kinase) and protein kinase C z (PKCz), the downstream targets of Ras, and coimmunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated their interaction with Ras. Inhibitors of PI3-kinase (wortmannin and 2-(4- morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) and PKCz (staurosporine) inhibited the hyperactivation of sperm motility during capacitation in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that both PI3-kinase and PKCz are associated with development of this motility pattern. The interaction of Ras with both PI3-kinase and PKCz suggests that Ras may regulate several signaling pathways in spermatozoa. gamete biology, signal transduction, sperm maturation, sperm motility and transport, spermatogenesis
Dominican Friar, Lay Saint : The case of Marcolino of Forli

The years surrounding the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) witnessed a historiographical revolution that transformed the study of medieval Christianity. One might say that both a new Vatican ecclesiology and the new religious history sprang from the same conceptual root. Even as the Council articulated a definition of the Catholic Church as the people of God rather than simply a hierarchical institution, a number of important scholars were rediscovering the religious history of the Christian people.' Shifting their focus away from the traditional monastic treatises on the contemplative life, scholars argued that all believers, and not just clerical specialists in the sacred, had a spiritual life that constituted a proper object for historical study. This new understanding of the history of Christian spirituality rapidly proved enormously fecund, opening as it did novel and exciting prospects for the study of popular religion. But as studies and conferences dedicated to medieval popular religion proliferated, problems became apparent.2 What exactly was meant by "popular," and what was the relation between "popular" and "official" religion? Several influential pioneers, such asJacques Le Goff andJean-Claude Schmitt, drew a stark contrast between the "folkloric culture" of the rural masses and
Mixed median nerve forearm conduction velocity in the presence of focal compression neuropathy at the wrist versus peripheral neuropathy.

Abstract Watson J, DiBenedetto M, Gale SD. Mixed median nerve forearm conduction velocity in the presence of focal compression neuropathy at the wrist versus peripheral neuropathy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:302-7. Objectives: To establish normal values for the conduction velocity of the mixed median nerve in the forearm, and to determine the use of mixed median nerve conduction velocity (NCV) studies across the forearm in the differential diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), peripheral neuropathy, and CTS with peripheral neuropathy. Design: Criterion standard. Mixed median NCV studies across the forearm were added to routine CTS investigational protocols. Setting: University outpatient setting, rural referral base. Participants: Thirty healthy volunteers and 60 patients referred with symptoms and signs suggestive of CTS and/or peripheral neuropathy. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Motor sensory and mixed median nerve conduction velocity across the forearm. Results: The mean mixed median NCV across the forearm was 64.5m/s in healthy subjects and subjects with CTS. The mean mixed NCV in subjects with peripheral neuropathy was 54m/s, even in the presence of CTS. Conclusion: Mixed median NCV in the forearm added to the standard protocols is helpful in differentiating the diagnosis of CTS from peripheral neuropathy and CTS with peripheral neuropathy. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Analysis of Multichannel EEG Recordings Based on Generalized Phase Synchronization and Cointegrated VAR

Synchronization is shown to be a characteristic feature of electroencephalogram data collected from patients affected by neurological diseases, such as epilepsy. Phase synchronization has been applied successfully to investigate synchrony in neurophysiological signal. The classical approach to phase synchronization is inherently bivariate. We propose a novel multivariate approach to phase synchronization, by extending the bivariate case via cointegrated vector autoregression, and then apply the new concept to absence epilepsy data.
Functions of the p21-activated protein kinases (Paks) in neutrophils and their regulation by complex lipids.

Neutrophils stimulated with the chemoattractant fMet-Leu-Phe ( fMLP ) exhibit rapid activation of four renaturable protein kinases with molecular masses of ca. 69, 63, 49 and 40 kDa.1,2,3 The 69 and 63 kDa kinases were subsequently identified as p21-activated protein kinases ( Paks )4,5. These enzymes can be conveniently assayed by their ability to undergo renaturation after SDS/PAGE and catalyzing the phosphorylation of a peptide substrate fixed within a gel2,3 ( e.g., Fig. 1 ). The peptide substrate utilized corresponds to amino acid residues 297-331 of the 47 kDa subunit of the NADPH-oxidase complex ( p47-phox ).2,3 The preferred recognition/consensus sequence for Pak is - ( K/R )RXS — where X can be an acidic, basic or neutral amino acid.6 There are three sites in the p47-phox peptide which contain this sequence (ser-304, -320 &-328 ).
Quantification of the morphological transition in cadmium selenide nanocrystals as a function of reaction temperature

Controlling the morphology of semiconductor nanocrystals has typically relied on controlling the concentration and species of surface ligands utilized in synthesis. Specific shapes, such as branched structures are of particular interest as the light harvesting and charge separating layer in a photovoltaic device. In this work we quantify how changes in the reaction temperature affect the resulting morphology of the nanocrystals. The narrowness of the temperature range over which the morphological transition occurred provides guidance to the tolerances necessary in the synthesis of CdSe utilized in commercial devices on a large scale.
Failure to Thrive, Wasting Syndrome, and Immunodeficiency in Rabies: A Hypophyseal/Hypothalamic/Thymic Axis Effect of Rabies Virus

Studies of rabies virus in several animal models consistently showed hypothalamic infection, hypophyseal infection, dramatic growth impairment (in the form of failure to thrive), wasting syndrome, and immune depletion. Rabies virus infection was studied through routine monoclonal antinucleocapsid antibody immunofluorescence and through a peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoperoxidase method. The latter was modified to detect the in situ production of growth hormone by uninfected and rabies virus-infected adeno-a-pituicytes (with confirmation of the results both in vivo and in vitro). Infection with rabies virus made the specialized pituicytes produce less growth hormone. Growth before rabies virus infection and its reduction due to infection were investigated in a linear regression model. The fit was statistically significant (P less than .05) in all species studied: mouse, rat, rabbit, cow, and cat. Immune depression was studied in terms of alterations in the immunotopography of the thymus and also the specific T- and B-cell homing areas of the spleen (although spleen data are not presented here). On the basis of these results and a thorough review of wasting syndromes encountered in other diseases, a primary failure to thrive and an ensuing wasting syndrome were described and characterized for rabies, and their origin was assigned to a dysfunction of the hypophyseal/hypothalamic/thymic axis associated with at least (but not necessarily only) one of the centrally controlled growth hormones.
Effect of Soil Clay and Organic Matter Content upon Systemic Efficacy of Two Carbamate Insecticides

Carbamate systemic insecticides were applied to 5 soil mixtures under greenhouse conditions. They were Temik® (2-methyl-2-(methylthio) propionaldehyde O -(methylcar-bamoyl) oxime) and NIA 10242 (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-.benzofuranyl methylcarbamate). Cotton plants growing in these soils took up the insecticides to varying extents as indicated by aphid bioassay. Of the variability in uptake, 99% was associated with soil clay content. Higher clay soils furnished the toxicant at a lower rate. During the period showing maximum mortality the effect of organic matter content became apparent. The rate at which bioassay mortalities declined increased with soil organic matter content. Temik was taken up more rapidly and persisted longer than NIA 10242. Phytotoxicity was severe in soils low in clay content, whereas, it was virtually nonexistent in those with high clay content. This fact indicated further the greater uptake of toxicant from soils low in clay content. More plant injury occurred with NIA 10242 than with Temik.
Abstract 3643: Manipulation of HuR expression alters the efficacy of PARP-inhibitors in pancreatic and ovarian cancer cells

PARP-inhibitors (PARPi) are a novel class of agents that target cancer cells deficient in DNA repair. Early phase trials show promising success with PARP-inhibitors, yet drug resistance mechanisms and off-target pathways affected by drug exposure have not been explored. HuR (ELAV1) is a protein that binds and stabilizes mRNA transcripts upon certain stress stimuli. These HuR mRNA targets result in an increase in protein expression; and thus, protein function. Recently, we demonstrated that HuR binds and regulates deoxycytidine kinase, the gemcitabine metabolizing enzyme. Thus, HuR expression enhances gemcitabine efficacy against pancreatic cancer cells. We subsequently screened other chemotherapeutics that may stimulate the HuR stress response. In isogenic pancreatic cancer cell lines, stable HuR overexpression rendered cells up to 2-fold more sensitive to PARPi compared to control cells. Accordingly, siRNA knock down of HuR expression in both pancreatic and ovarian cancer cell lines caused PARPi resistance compared to a scramble-sequence control siRNA. In a pancreatic cancer cell line, MiaPaCa2, a 2.5-fold siRNA knock down of HuR mRNA expression detected by qPCR rendered cells approximately 4-fold more resistant to PARPi. Similarly, a modest siRNA knock down of HuR in an ovarian cancer cell line, A2780, rendered cells more resistant to PARPi. Immunofluorescence studies indicate that a 5 hour treatment with 75 µM PARPi directly caused HuR to transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, presumably moving ARE-rich mRNA cargoes after drug exposure. Focused gene expression analysis on HuR bound, immunoprecipitated RNA defined functional HuR downstream targets (including deoxycytidine kinase). Current studies will reveal and validate the importance of these downstream mRNA targets in PARP-inhibitor metabolism and efficacy. We hypothesize that HuR may be central to PARPi effectiveness and may be useful in understanding PARPi de novo drug resistance mechanisms. Future work will reveal whether HuR status can be utilized as a predictive marker for PARP-inhibitor-based therapy and if all clinically available PARP-inhibitors engage HuR9s regulation of unique mRNA cargoes in cancer cells upon treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3643.