cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing Human Resources the ASEAN Way

This chapter explores the process dimensions of the Regional Human Resource Development (Regional HRD) ecosystem in Southeast Asia. Whereas the aforementioned dimensions (macro, meso, and micro) describe the content of the Regional HRD ecosystem, the process dimensions describe how this ecosystem has emerged over time. The process dimensions also depict how HRD policy and practice have converged and diverged throughout the region through regional qualification frameworks, multinational corporations, and regional partnerships. Lastly, it describes how the process of learning and adaptation as it relates to HRD has meant that all actors are in a continual state of flux as they learn and adapt to economic, political, and technological changes. This chapter provides a case study of these processes at work in a community-based organization in Myanmar and ends by describing the holistic framework of Regional HRD.
What the detailed properties of MeV electron microbursts reveal about their scattering mechanisms and contribution to radiation belt loss

The outer radiation belt is a highly dynamic region of the Earth's magnetosphere, with often-unpredictable variations in intensity and spatial extent. Characterization of this variable radiation environment is critical to mitigating spacecraft anomalies often caused by energetic particles. The physical processes controlling the acceleration and loss of trapped relativistic electrons in the radiation belts are complex and there are a number of competing processes that can combine to produce net enhancements or depletions of the belts. Precipitation into the atmosphere has been shown to be an important loss process for energetic particles in Earth's magnetosphere, but when, where, and how much precipitation contributes remain open questions. While radiation belt diffusion models can now reproduce observed acceleration events quite accurately, radiation belt depletion events are often less well-captured. Quantification of precipitation loss, as well as understanding of the physical mechanisms producing it, is thus critical to our understanding of the dynamics of the outer radiation belt.
CMOS compatible integrated ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJ)

As traditional CMOS scaling reaches fundamental limits, there is an increasing interest in non-charge based beyond CMOS devices that could increase the functionality of logic chips [1]. Ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) devices are attractive due to their large ON/OFF ratios, non-volatile, and low energy operation [2]. Switching has been demonstrated in the metal-ferroelectric-metal (M-F-M) FTJs in non-integrated devices that use the conductive atomic force microscope (AFM) tip as an electrode [3–4]. However, it is necessary to investigate the CMOS compatibility, scalability, switching speed and switching dynamics in an integrated FTJ device. We report a CMOS compatible integrated FTJ fabrication process that is scalable from micron to deep submicron dimensions. The first generation integrated FTJs show switching with peak ON/OFF ratio of 60. We also report the scalability of the ferroelectric polarization loop to 550 nm × 550 nm device. Conductivity degradation of the La x Sr 1−x MnO 3 (LSMO) bottom conductor is observed due to reactive ion etch (RIE) process that impacts device performance.
Progressive Verification: The Case of Message Authentication

We introduce the concept of progressive verification for cryptographic primitives like message authentication codes, signatures and identification. This principle overcomes the traditional property that the verifier remains oblivious about the validity of the verified instance until the full verification procedure is completed. Progressive verification basically says that the more work the verifier invests, the better can the verifier approximate the decision.
End‐of‐Life Care in Assisted Living and Related Residential Care Settings: Comparison with Nursing Homes

Objectives: To define the current state of end-of-life care in residential care/assisted living (RC/AL) facilities and nursing homes (NHs) and to compare these two types of care settings. Design: Interviews of staff and family informants about deaths that occurred during a longitudinal study. Setting: Fifty-five RC/AL facilities and 26 NHs in Florida, Maryland, New Jersey, and North Carolina. Participants: Two hundred twenty-four staff and family informants that best knew the 73 RC/AL residents and 72 NH residents who died in or within 3 days after discharge from a study facility. Measurements: Telephone interviews conducted with the facility staff member who knew the decedent best and the family member who was most involved in care during the last month of life of the decedent. Data were collected on circumstances of death, perceptions of dying process, cause of death, care during the last month of life, mood, discomfort, and family satisfaction. Results: Most decedents died in the facility where they had resided, and more than half of the subjects were alone when they died. Greater proportions of staff and family in the NHs knew that the resident's death was only days or weeks away. Both RC/AL and NH residents experienced few highly negative moods, and even on their most uncom-fortable day, the overall discomfort was low for residents in both facility types. Summary ratings of family satisfaction were significantly higher for the RC/AL (32.1) than the NH (41.2) group (P=.016). Conclusion: These data suggest that end-of-life care in RC/AL settings appears similar in process and outcomes to that provided in NHs. Thus, aging and dying-in-place can effectively occur in RC/AL.
Toxic Exposures Involving Adolescents in the Workplace † 522

Background: While there are previous reports describing injuries to adolescents in the workplace, there has been scant attention given to toxic substance exposures among such injuries. There is currently no tracking of such injuries by federal agencies such as the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) or through other regionalized databases. Yet low skill, entry-level jobs are those most commonly secured by adolescents; and such jobs pose a particular hazard of toxic exposure due to the frequent use of cleaning compounds, solvents, and/or paints.
Nutrition and maternal mortality in the developing world

This review relates nutritional status to pregnancy-related death in the developing world, where maternal mortality rates are typically ≥100-fold higher than rates in the industrialized countries. For 3 of the central causes of maternal mortality (ie, induced abortion, puerperal infection, and pregnancy-induced hypertension), knowledge of the contribution of nutrition is too scanty for programmatic application. Hemorrhage (including, for this discussion, anemia) and obstructed labor are different. The risk of death is greatly increased with severe anemia (Hb <70 or 80 g/L); there is little evidence of increased risk associated with mild or moderate anemia. Current programs of universal iron supplementation are unlikely to have much effect on severe anemia. There is an urgent need to reassess how to approach anemia control in pregnant women. Obstructed labor is far more common in short women. Unfortunately, nutritional strategies for increasing adult stature are nearly nonexistent: supplemental feeding appears to have little benefit after 3 y of age and could possibly be harmful at later ages, inducing accelerated growth before puberty, earlier menarche (and possible earlier marriage), and unchanged adult stature. Deprived girls without intervention typically have late menarche, extended periods of growth, and can achieve nearly complete catch-up growth. The need for operative delivery also increases with increased fetal size. Supplementary feeding could therefore increase the risk of obstructed labor. In the absence of accessible obstetric services, primiparous women <1.5 m in height should be excluded from supplementary feeding programs aimed at accelerating fetal growth. The knowledge base to model the risks and benefits of increased fetal size does not exist.
Electrochemistry of ATP-capped silver nanoparticles in layer-by-layer multilayer films

Colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) capped with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were prepared using borohydride reduction of Ag+ in the presence of ATP. Subsequent characterization was done using transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and non-contact atomic force microscopy (NcAFM) confirming the size and composition of the Ag NPs. This report focuses on two topics: (1) the change in NP size and properties as a function of molar ratios of Ag+ to ATP capping ligand to BH4 − reductant, and (2) the electrochemical behavior of the NPs in layer-by-layer (LbL) multilayer films. On the basis of electrostatic interaction between negatively charged phosphate groups on Ag NPs and positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium) hydrochloride, NPs were immobilized on 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MCP)-functionalized gold electrodes using LbL assembly method followed by characterization of the film using NcAFM. Furthermore, the redox chemistry for phase transformations of immobilized Ag NPs to AgCl or Ag2O in multilayer films was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in NaOH and NaCl solutions. A non-linear increase of charge with an increase in the number of bilayers in the film was observed up to five layers. Underpotential deposition of Pb on multilayer film of Ag NPs confirmed the presence of Ag in multilayer films. The stability of the LbL film toward electrochemical cycling to higher potentials (i.e., +0.8 V) in NaOH solutions was evaluated.
Bloomfield as Dialectologist

SUMMARYAlthough Bloomfield published only one article and one book-review devoted specifically to dialectology, the study of dialects and their function in human communication was fundamental in his work. In his 1933 Language, four chapters deal in part or in whole with dialectology: 3, "Speech-communities", 19, "Dialect Geography", 22, "Fluctuation in Frequency of Forms"; and 27, "Dialect Borrowing". In these, he drew extensively on the work of his predeccessors, especially on that of G.G. Kloeke in the Dutch-Flemish area. Furthermore, he made a major, though badly neglected, contribution to the analysis of dialects, by advocating and applying (in his article "Initial [k-] in German", Language 14.178-186 [1938] a phonemic rather than a phonetic approach to the delimitation of dialect-areas and their historical interpretation.RESUMEBien que Bloomfield n'ait publie, au sujet de la dialectologie, qu'un seul article et un compte-rendu, I'etude des dialectes et de leur fonction dans la communication humaine joua un role central dans son oevure. Dans son livre Language (1933), il y a quatre chapitres qui traitent (en partie ou totalement) la dialectologie: 2, "Les communautes linguistiques"; 19, "La geographie dialectale"; 22, "La fluctuation dans la frequences des formes"; et 27, "L'emprunt dialectal". Dans ces chapitres, Bloomfield puisa beau-coup dans les etudes de ses predecesseurs, surtout dans les etudes du dialec-tologue G.G. Kloeke sur l'aire hollandaise-flamande. En outre, dans son article "[k-] initial en allemand", Language 14.178-186 [1938]), il fit une contribution qui est tres importante (bien qu'elle ait ete negligee par les theoriciens) a I'etude des dialectes. Dans cet article, il preconisa et appliqua une approche phonematique (non pas phonetique) a la delimitation des aires dialectales et a leur interpretation historique.
Flow stresses and activation volumes for highly deformed nanoposts

Abstract Recent interest in high-strength nanocrystalline structures has prompted a call for understanding scale effects in deformation mechanisms. One aspect, producing nanostructures by severe plastic deformation, promoted the present examination of nanoposts undergoing large strain compression. On e-beam lithography produced nanoposts of both aluminum and permalloy with radii ranging from 50 to 150 nm, single and repeat compression tests produced measurements of flow stress and apparent activation volume. Flow stresses, continuously measured with a nanoindenter allowed theoretical assessment of the deformation mechanism. It was concluded that the high stresses (1–3 GPa) and small activation volumes (1–10 b 3 ) where b is the modulus of the Burgers vector, were consistent with dislocation nucleation. A traditional model is shown to give good first order accountability for these two face-centered cubic metals.
Cyclic tangential loading of dissimilar elastic bodies

Abstract A two-dimensional fretting fatigue problem involving normal and tangential loading of dissimilar elastic bodies in contact is analyzed. The bodies are brought into contact by a monotonic normal load and then a cyclic tangential load is superimposed with the normal load held constant. The Hertz half plane assumption is retained for each body and the region of contact is divided into a central zone of stick and two external regions of micro-slip in each of which the Amontons-Coulomb law of sliding friction is assumed to apply. The effect of the interaction between the normal and shear stresses due to the mismatch in elastic constants is quantified by comparing the present rigid-elastic numerical solution (extreme case) to the Cattaneo-Mindlin closed form solution for elastically identical materials.
Biomarkers of vulnerability and progression in the psychosis prodrome

meta-analytic review. Am. J. Psychiatry 165 (5), 579–587. Wykes, T., Huddy, V., Cellard, C., McGurk, S.R., Czobor, P., 2011. A meta-analysis of cognitive remediation for schizophrenia: methodology and effect sizes. Am. J. Psychiatry 168 (5), 472–485. Kraepelin, E., 1919. Dementia Praecox and Paraphrenia. E & S Livingston, Edinburgh, Scotland. Seidman, L.J., Cassens, G., Kremen, W.S., Pepple, J.R., 1992. The neuropsychology of schizophrenia. In: White, R.W. (Ed.), Clinical Syndromes in Adult Neuropsychology: The Practitioner's Handbook. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 381–450.
Analysis of two-layered micro-channel heat sink concept in electronic cooling

Abstract In this work, a new concept for a two-layered micro-channel heat sink with counter current flow arrangement for cooling of the electronic components is proposed. The thermal performance and the temperature distribution for these types of micro channels were analyzed and a procedure for optimizing the geometrical design parameters is presented. While the power supply system of the two-layered design is not significantly more complicated than the one-layered design, the streamwise temperature rise on the base surface was found to be substantially reduced compared to that of the one-layered heat sink. At the same time, the pressure drop required for the two-layered heat sink was found to be substantially smaller than that of the one-layered heat sink. The results demonstrate that the two-layered micro-channel heat sink design is a substantial improvement over the conventional one-layered micro-channel heat sink.
Thiazolidine Prodrugs as Protective Agents against γ-Radiation-Induced Toxicity and Mutagenesis in V79 Cells

Representatives of two classes of thiazolidine prodrug forms of the well-known radioprotective agents L-cysteine, cysteamine, and 2-[(aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol (WR-1065) were synthesized by condensing the parent thiolamine with an appropriate carbonyl donor. Inherent toxicity of the prodrugs was assessed in V79 cells using a clonogenic survival assay. Protection against radiation-induced cell death was measured similarly after exposure to 0--8 Gy gamma ((137)Cs) radiation. Antimutagenic activity was determined at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) locus. All thiazolidine prodrugs exhibited less toxicity than their parent thiolamines, sometimes dramatically so. Protection against radiation-induced cell death was observed for the 2-alkylthiazolidine, 2(R,S)-D-ribo-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazolidine (RibCyst), which produced a protection factor at 8 Gy of 1.8; the cysteine analogue, 2(R,S)-D-ribo-(1',2',3',4'-tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazolidine-4(R)-carboxylic acid (RibCys), was less active. RibCyst also exhibited excellent antimutational activity, rivaling that of WR-1065. The 2-oxothiazolidine analogues showed little activity in either determination under the conditions tested, perhaps due to their enhanced chemical and biochemical stability.
Unsweetened Notch leads to myeloproliferation.

The extracellular domain of all 4 mammalian Notch receptors contains 29 to 36 epidermal growth factor (EGF)–like repeats, many of which are predicted to be modified with 2 unusual carbohydrates: O-linked fucose and O-linked glucose. Work in a number of laboratories has revealed that O-fucosylation is essential for Notch function in many contexts,1 and a recent report has shown that O-glucosylation is essential for Notch function in Drosophila.2 In addition, elongation of O-fucose by members of the Fringe family of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases modulates Notch activity. Several years ago, Smith et al developed a mouse lacking a key enzyme in GDP-fucose biosynthesis (FX−/−).3 These mice lack all forms of fucosylation, including O-fucosylation of Notch, and do not survive long after birth unless fucose is added to their diet. A salvage pathway uses the fucose to rescue GDP-fucose biosynthesis, restoring fucosylation. In the absence of fucose, the FX−/− mice display a profound neutrophilia. Part of this neutrophilia can be explained by loss of selectin ligands (Sialyl Lewis x contains fucose), but proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells suggests that myelopoiesis is being stimulated. Zhou and coworkers have now examined the proliferation of myeloid lineages in FX−/− mice and attributed it to loss of fucose-dependent Notch activation in myeloid progenitors. The authors present compelling data that suggests a role for Notch activation in suppression of myeloid differentiation, a somewhat controversial area. Another recent publication highlighted the importance of O-fucose at a specific site on Notch1 in T-cell development.4 Ge and Stanley generated a mouse in which endogenous Notch1 was replaced with a mutant lacking the O-fucosylation site in the ligand-binding domain (within EGF repeat 12). Homozygotes developed fairly normally but had a reduced number of T cells, suggesting that O-fucosylation of Notch1 at EGF repeat 12 is important for T-cell development. These results raise a number of interesting questions. All 4 receptors should be unfucosylated in FX−/− mice, but it is not known which Notch receptor is responsible for suppression of myeloproliferation. As mentioned, modification of O-fucose by Fringe modulates Notch activity. In the absence of Fringe, O-fucose remains a monosaccharide, but in the presence of Fringe it is elongated to a tetrasaccharide. The relevant structures of the O-fucose glycans that are lost in FX−/− mice are unknown. Because O-fucosylation of EGF repeat 12 in Notch1 plays such an important role in T-cell development, it would be interesting to know if loss of this specific fucose also suppresses myelogenesis. The future of Notch and hematopoiesis certainly looks sweet.
Somatostatin Receptors Signal through EFA6A-ARF6 to Activate Phospholipase D in Clonal β-Cells

Somatostatin (SS) is a peptide hormone that inhibits insulin secretion in β-cells by activating its Gi/o-coupled receptors. Our previous work indicated that a βγ-dimer of Gi/o coupled to SS receptors can activate phospholipase D1 (PLD1) (Cheng, H., Grodnitzky, J. A., Yibchok-anun, S., Ding, J., and Hsu, W. H. (2005) Mol. Pharmacol. 67, 2162–2172). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying SS-induced PLD activation. We demonstrated the presence of ADP-ribosylation factor Arf1 and Arf6 in clonal β-cells, HIT-T15. We also determined that the activation of PLD1 was mediated through Arf6. Overexpression of dominant-negative (dn) Arf6 mutant, Arf6(T27N), and suppression of mRNA levels using siRNA, both abolished SS-induced PLD activation, while overexpression of wild type Arf6 further enhanced this PLD activation. In contrast, overexpression of dn-Arf1 mutant Arf1(T31N) or dn-Arf5 mutant Arf5(T31N) failed to reduce SS-induced PLD activation. These findings suggested that Arf6, but not Arf1 or Arf5, mediates the effect of SS. We further determined the involvement of the Arf6 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) EFA6A, a GEF previously thought to be found predominantly in the brain, in the activation of PLD1 in HIT-T15 cells. Using Northern and Western blot analyses, both mRNA and protein of EFA6A were found in these cells. Overexpression of dn-EFA6A mutant, EFA6A(E242K), and suppression of mRNA levels using siRNA, both abolished SS-induced PLD activation, whereas overexpression of dn-EFA6B mutant, EFA6B(E651K), failed to reduce SS-induced PLD activation. In addition, overexpression of dn-ARNO mutant, ARNO(E156K), another GEF of Arf6, had no effect on SS-induced activation of PLD. Taken together, these results suggest that SS signals through EFA6A to activate Arf6-PLD cascade.
Morality, Relationality, and Listening Pedagogy in Language Education.

Listening pedagogy in language education treats listening proficiency almost exclusively as a function or skill, the purpose of which is to generate products or outcomes desired by language users. Though listening is rhetorically acknowledged to be an active and complex process of making meanings within contexts and relationships, in practice teacher education and pedagogical discourse treat listening simply as a linguistic transaction and listening pedagogy as a technical and instrumental process of skill building, with the goal of enabling learners fluently to perform such transactions. Such a means-to-ends orientation, however, is inadequate or insufficient to encompass holistic moral and relational dimensions inherent in listening. These dimensions might be added to language listening pedagogy by, for example, broadening the idea of “dialogue” to include more open-ended perspectives from other disciplines, contextualizing the relationality of typical coursebook listening passages, and working with met...
Risk Factors for Injuries in Landslide- and Flood-Affected Populations in Uganda

Introduction The frequency of occurrence of natural disasters has increased over the past several decades, which necessitates a better understanding of human vulnerability, particularly in low-resource settings. This paper assesses risk factors for injury in the March 2010 floods and landslides in Eastern Uganda, and compares the effects of location, injury type, and severity. METHODS: A stratified cluster survey of the disaster-affected populations was conducted five months after onset of the disasters. Probability proportional to size sampling was used to sample 800 households, including 400 affected by floods in Butaleja District and 400 affected by landslides in Bududa District. RESULTS: Flood- and landslide-affected populations were surveyed in July 2010 using a stratified cluster design. The odds of injury were 65% higher in the flood-affected groups than the landslide-affected groups in a logistic regression (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.24-0.52; P Language: en
Can software reliability outperform hardware reliability on high performance interconnects?: a case study with MPI over infiniband

An important part of modern supercomputing platforms is the network interconnect. As the number of computing nodes in clusters have increased, the role of the interconnect has become more important. Modern interconnects, such as InfiniBand, Quadrics, and Myrinet have become popular due to their low latency and increased performance over traditional Ethernet. As these interconnects become more widely used and clusters continue to scale, design choices such as where data reliability should be provided are an important issue. In this work we address the issue of network reliability design using InfiniBand as a case study. Unlike other high-performance interconnects, InfiniBand exposes both reliable and unreliable APIs. As part of our study we implement the Message Passing Interface (MPI) over the Unreliable Connection (UC) transport and compare with the Reliable Connection (RC) and Unreliable Datagram (UD) transports for MPI. We detail the costs of reliability for different message patterns and show that providing reliability in software instead of hardware can increase performance up to 25% in a molecular dynamics application (NAMD) on a 512-core InfiniBand cluster.
Systematic weighting and ranking: cutting the Gordian knot

A powers-of-two algorithm is described that automatically creates discrete, well-defined, and unique result sets, displaying them in decreasing order of likely relevance. All computations are transparent, and a simple query form allows the searcher to focus on the choice of terms and their sequence-an implicit indicator of their relative importance. The program can be used with traditional databases or with search engines designed for the Word Wide Web. It also can be used with an intelligent agent to search the Web with a pushdown store, returning only those items that best reflect the searcher's stated interests.
INDUCED GENITAL ANOMALIES

Summary The human female fetus has been reported to have varying degrees of virilization of the lower urogenital tract after maternal treatment with androgenic hormones with certain progestins, and rarely with estrogens. Paradoxically, three cases of feminization of male fetuses with varying degrees of hypospadias have been reported to occur after maternal treatment with large doses of either diethyl-stilbestrol and progesterone, of progesterone alone, or of acetoxyprogesterone (Prodox). An analysis of the human reports and comparable experimental data suggest that the fetal effects of these agents are not analogous to their effects on the end organs in the postnatal animal. Rather, they appear to have some common dose-dependent teratogenic action during critical periods of genital development in the two sexes. Genetic male infants born with a severe form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to a genetic deficiency in activity of 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-enzyme) also have incomplete masculine development and hypospadias. Genetic females with this disease are born with a moderate degree of virilization, clitoral hypertrophy, and labial fusion. The 3β-enzyme is essential in the early biosynthetic pathway of every biologically active steroid hormone. We have produced an experimental model of this disease by inhibiting rat fetal 3β-enzyme with a synthetic derivative of testosterone, which differs from the usual product of the 3β-enzyme primarily by a C-2α-cyano group on the androst-5-en nucleus. Unlike most enzyme inhibitors, this steroid is tightly and relatively irreversibly bound to the 3β-enzyme. Evidence is presented that suggests that progestins or estrogens may affect human fetal genital development by inhibiting the activity of the fetal 3β-enzyme, thereby mimicking the human genetic form and our experimental model of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
African Smoking and Pipes

This article first explains the importance of the history of smoking pipes for other historical questions, especially in West Africa, where pipe styles are used to date archaeological levels. A survey of the major theories about African smoking and pipes is presented. This is followed by a review of the published archaeological literature pertaining to smoking pipes found at various sites from around the continent. The various controversies surrounding African smoking customs are then looked at in the light of the available evidence. The most likely hypothesis is that cannabis was smoked in water pipes in eastern and southern Africa before the introduction of tobacco. Further research is called for to prove or disprove this hypothesis. Tobacco is shown to have been introduced to West Africa from eastern North America, most likely by the French coming to Senegambia, though possibly by Moroccans coming to Timbuktu.
Medicaid and Employment of People With Disabilities Findings From the National Survey of State Systems and Employment for People with Disabilities

Recent public policy has sought to broaden the role of Medicaid, which typically serves people with limited income, to include increasing employment among people with disabilities and supporting people with disabilities who are working. In late 2001, we surveyed Medicaid agencies regarding their provision of services to working people with disabilities and collaboration with disability- and employment-related agencies and services. One third to one half of respondents were involved in Workforce Investment Act implementation at the state level and/or were implementing a Medicaid Buy-In option for working adults with disabilities. Collaboration with disability- or employment-focused agencies occurred at similarly moderate rates, with activities such as trainings and working groups being the most common types of collaboration reported. These findings suggest that while policy efforts to expand Medicaid's role in supporting employment of people with disabilities have been somewhat successful, there is potenti...
Influence of fenceline bull exposure on duration of postpartum anoestrus and pregnancy rate in beef cows

Two experiments (1991 and 1992) were conducted to test the hypotheses that fenceline exposure of cows to bulls following parturition shortens duration of postpartum anoestrus and improves pregnancy rate to artificial insemination (AI). In Experiments 1 and 2, 75 and 125 postpartum crossbred beef cows, respectively, were stratified by calving date and while maintaining equivalent primiparous cows in each treatment group were randomly assigned to be exposed to bulls through the fenceline (BE) or not exposed to bulls (NE). In each experiment, twice weekly blood samples were collected for 13 weeks beginning 1 to 4 weeks postpartum. These samples were used to assess concentrations of progesterone and determine time of onset of ovarian luteal function following calving. In Experiment 2, a 23 day program of AI was included in the study in which signs of behavioral oestrus were detected twice daily and cows were artificially inseminated 12 h following detection of oestrus. Pregnancy rate to AI was determined by concentrations of progesterone, detection of pregnancy by rectal palpation, and confirmed by calving date. Primiparous cows in the BE group had shorter durations of postpartum anoestrus in each experiment than primiparous cows in the NE group (Experiment 1: BE = 78 days, NE = 92 days, P < 0.05; 2: BE = 109 days, NE = 117 days, P < 0.10). There was no influence of fenceline bull exposure on the duration of postpartum anoestrus of multiparous cows in either experiment. Pregnancy rate to AI in Experiment 2 was not improved by fenceline bull exposure. We conclude that fenceline bull exposure was effective in shortening length of postpartum anoestrus in primiparous cows but this improvement did not translate into improved pregnancy rates during the subsequent breeding season.
Epitactic formation of forsterite on MgO single crystals during vacuum annealing

Abstract Specimens of {0 0 1} MgO, prepared for analysis in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), have been heated in situ in a conventional TEM in order to study the effect of different heat treatments on the surface of the MgO specimens. A previous study, using a similar in situ heat treatment of MgO, found that at elevated temperatures (∼500 K) a film of different structure and composition formed on the surface of the sample. The previous study concluded that the composition and structure corresponded to that of MgO 2 . In the present study, similar results to those shown previously have been found. However, the interpretation of these results is quite different. The films are shown to be of a composition and crystal structure that is consistent with forsterite, Mg 2 SiO 4 . The films can form as a result of contamination during the high-temperature in situ annealing process.
Renaissance eloquence. Studies in the theory and practice of renaissance rhetoric

(1986). Renaissance eloquence. Studies in the theory and practice of renaissance rhetoric. History of European Ideas: Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 422-422.
Moisture Profiling of the Cloudy Winter Atmosphere Using Combined Remote Sensors

Abstract A new method for deriving profiles of tropospheric water vapor and liquid water from a combination of ground-based remote sensors was applied and tested under winter conditions in Colorado. The method is an extension of physical retrieval techniques used to derive coarse profiles from passive microwave radiometer measurements. Unlike an earlier method, it does not depend on climatological data for first-guess profile inputs. Instead, information about current cloud conditions aloft, obtained with active remote sensors, is used to determine physically realistic, first-guess vertical distributions of the radiometer's integrated vapor and liquid measurements. In preliminary tests, the retrieved profiles were compared with in situ measurements by aircraft and radiosondes during the Winter Icing and Storms Project. The shape of the retrieved liquid profiles agreed well with the aircraft measurements, but heights, thicknesses, and amplitudes differed considerably in some cases. The derived vapor profil...
A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic-fluoromotric assay for dihydrofolate reductase in adult rat brain, using 7,8-dihydrobiopterin as substrate

Abstract A liquid chromatographic-fluorometric assay has been developed to study the role of dihydrofolate reductase in adult rat brain since low levels of the enzyme preclude measurement by current spectrophotometric procedures. This method involves in vitro incubation of desalted, cell-free brain extracts with 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, NADPH, and an NADPH-regenerating system. The tetrahydrobiopterin formed is quantitatively converted to pterin using alkaline iodine oxidation, and the pterin formed is separated by liquid chromatography and detected fluorometrically. The method is linear from 100 fmol to ≥ 1 nmol of product, and the sensitivity is at least 100 times greater than that of existing spectrophotometric assays. Enzyme activity of desalted brain extracts is linear with both time (to 100 min) and protein (from 50 to 620 μg). The enzyme shows an absolute requirement for NADPH, does not use NADH, and is completely inhibited by 10 n m methotrexate. The K m of the enzyme for NADPH was found to be 7.5 μ m , while the K m for 7,8-dihydrobiopterin was 88 μ m . Since brain dihydrobiopterin reductase has the same properties as dihydrofolate reductase, this fluorometric procedure can serve as a sensitive assay for dihydrofolate reductase.
High-resolution X-ray spectra of solar flares

Abstract I discuss high-resolution solar flare soft X-ray spectra and also comment on some recent results from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopy. Spectra of solar flares at these wavelengths have been recorded since the late 1960s, beginning primarily with the NASA Orbiting Solar Observatory (OSO) series of spacecraft. Knowledge of EUV flare spectra took a quantum leap with the NASA Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount spectrographs in the early 1970s. Knowledge of the X-ray spectrum took a similar leap in the 1980s with the US Department of Defense P78-1 spacecraft, the NASA Solar Maximum Mission spacecraft (SMM), and the Japanese ISAS Hinotori spacecraft. Investigations of flare X-ray spectra continued with the Bragg Crystal Spectrometer (BCS) experiment on the Japanese Yohkoh mission. EUV solar flare spectroscopy has been extended with the Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) spectrometer and the Coronal Diagnostics Spectrometer (CDS) on the ESA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. Recently, more Bragg crystal spectra have become available from experiments such as the RESIK spectrometers on the Russian Coronas-F spacecraft. In addition to the above missions, significant earlier contributions were made with instrumentation on a number of other spacecraft, e.g., the Soviet Intercosmos X-ray spectrometers. Our knowledge of the physical conditions in solar flares has been greatly expanded from analyses of X-ray and EUV flare spectra. I discuss the general characteristics of the flare emission line and continuum spectra, and the physical processes that produce them. I summarize what we have learned about solar flares from the spectra, and highlight a few problems and prospects for future solar flare research.
Peer Evaluations: An Empirical Test of their Validity and Reliability:

This article reports an investigation of the reliability and validity of a peer evaluation method used to assign grades to students working on a client-sponsored class project. The 256 student subjects studied were undergraduate and graduate students and marketing and nonmarketing majors. The results suggest that the method described here provides an accurate measurement of how much effort a group member contributes to the completion of his or her group's project.
The 3He charge form factor in the hybrid model

Abstract Electron scattering by nucleons plus six-quark contributions can explain F ch ( 3 He ) for q ≲1 GeV/ c . At higher momentum transfer, q ≲1.5 GeV/ c , nine-quark processes dominate, possibly taking one to the region where perturbative QCD can be tested at q ≳2 GeV/ c .
Impact of Obesity on Care of Postoperative Coronary Bypass Patients

Abstract Obesity has become a major health problem in the United States and is well known to be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Many clinicians perceive obesity, particularly severe or morbid obesity, to be associated with increased risk for mortality and morbidity following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This article provides a review of the literature related to mortality and morbidity, including the impact of diabetes, risk for acute respiratory failure, and sternal wound infection associated with obese patients undergoing CABG surgery. Implications for nursing practice are addressed with recommendations for practice in this patient population.
Improving the Cercospora Leaf Spot Management Model for Sugar Beet in Minnesota and North Dakota

ABSTRACT Management of Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora beticola, is necessary for the economic production of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of two relative humidity thresholds (87 and 90%) on the daily infection values (DIVs) used to determine when fungicide applications were required, to determine whether current Cercospora management recommendations for northern areas of Minnesota and North Dakota could be used by growers in the southern areas of these states, and to compare the utility of calendar-based fungicide applications with the Cercospora management model. Research was conducted in Breckenridge, MN and St. Thomas, ND in 2003 and 2004. Fungicide applications significantly (P = 0.05) reduced maximum disease severity (ymax) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) when compared with the nontreated control at both locations during 2003 and 2004. Fungicides applied according to DIVs calculated at RH ≥ 87% or RH > 90% gave simil...
A note on the order of magnitude of certain Titchmarsh-Weyl m-functions

The bounds derived in [3] are superior to those of an earlier publication, [2], both in the sense that they are two sided and because they give sharper estimates in a number of examples. One of the complications involved in the analysis of (1.1) in the case where there are no restrictions on the sign of p involves the way in which the m-function is defined. A geometric interpretation of the m-function requires us to consider the Weyl disc, D(X, i+), which is defined to be the closed interior of the circle which is the image of the real line under the mapping
Ultrasonic Wave Considerations for the Development of an NDE Feature Matrix for Anisotropic Media

The problem of ultrasonic surface and bulk wave propagation in an anisotropic media and/or a composite material is addressed so that applications in Nondestructive Evaluation can be considered, emphasis in this paper being placed on bulk wave propagation. Global material property determination is considered in an inverse wave velocity computation of stiffness coefficients based on principles of anisotropic elasticity. A one-sided inspection technique based on practical considerations of a field environment is developed. The concept of a feature matrix, based on the stiffness coefficients, is then introduced as a means of both material characterization and defect analysis in composite materials. A brief discussion on a test protocol and an interpretation of the elements in the feature matrix from an NDE point of view is also presented. The conclusions of a previous theoretical investigation of wave propagation in anisotropic media are considered from an experimental point of view by way of the bulk wave technique. A result of fundamental value is that the actual propagation of quasilongitudinal waves, generated by a standard broad band pulsed transducer, is indeed well matched with the theoretical approximation obtained earlier. This approximation was based on the generalized retarded potential principle with variable energy velocity of the quasilongitudinal mode in an anisotropic medium as the substitute for the constant longitudinal velocity used in the retarded potential scheme for an isotropic medium.
Electron deficient carbon-titanium triple bonds: formation of triplet XC/TiX3 methylidyne complexes.

Laser-ablated titanium atoms react with CX4 (X = F and Cl) to produce triplet state XC÷TiX3 complexes trapped in an argon matrix. Products are identified by their infrared spectra and comparison to...
Fast Adaptive Algorithms For Low-Level Scene Analysis: The Parallel Hierarchical Ripple Filter

We report on the development of a new class of parallel computation algorithm for low-level scene analysis. The algorithm is a high resolution, high speed estimator for boundary extraction of simple objects imaged under noisy conditions. We explain the algorithm structure and underlying physical models; we then present demonstrative pictorial examples of application to synthetic test imagery. We next introduce a generalization of the algorithm wherein a hierarchical variable resolution search is employed to gain major improvements in algorithm convergence speed and robustness. We discuss the importance of making the algorithm adaptive to local image statistics and show that the algorithm parallel-window topology is consonant with this goal. We present further experimental results that depict the generalized algorithm applied to real data bases; these results demonstrate that even simple adaptation models can substantially improve algorithm convergence accuracy.
Electron-tunneling measurements on lanthanum and lanthanum--lutetium alloy films

Results of electron-tunneling measurements on evaporated films of fcc lanthanum and dhcp lanthanum-lutetium alloys are presented. The ratio of the zero-temperature energy gap to the temperature at which the energy gap vanishes for both the pure lanthanum and lanthanum-lutetium alloy samples varied from 3.41 to 3.58. If one fits the lowest-temperature data for the energy gap with a curve of the BCS temperature dependence, the values at intermediate temperatures fall below the weak-coupling BCS prediction. The conductance maxima for the (pure La)-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-Al diodes are larger than predicted by the weak-coupling BCS theory. The conductance maxima for the lutetium alloy samples are more nearly equal to the weak-coupling BCS values than are those of the pure samples. They were not significantly altered by the presence of small zero-voltage anomalies. Hence zero-voltage anomalies are not enhanced at temperatures below the superconducting transition temperature. No change in conductance as large as 0.1% was observed which could be associated with the second energy gap predicted by the multiband-superconductor theory of Kuper, Jensen, and Hamilton. Kondo's multiband-superconductor theory is consistent with the experimental results. It is shown that if the $f$ band in Kondo's theory is approximately 20 meV or more higher than the Fermi level, then Kondo's theory reduces to a single-parameter theory having a gap equation identical in form to the BCS gap equation.
A PARALLEL CELL-BY-CELL AMR METHOD FOR THE PPM HYDRODYNAMICS CODE

The Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) hydrodynamics code and other codes based on the PPM technique have been used extensively for the simulation of astrophysical phenomena. A new version of the PPM hydrodynamics code under development at the Laboratory for Computational Science and Engineering (LCSE) at the University of Minnesota is described. This new code incorporates a version of dynamic local adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) targeted specifically at improving the treatment of shocks and contact discontinuities. This AMR technique is not intended to increase grid resolution in entire regions of the problem for which standard techniques of nonuniform grids and simple grid motion are adequate. Because the AMR is targeted at surfaces within a flow that can develop complex shapes, a cell-by-cell approach to the grid refinement is adopted in order to minimize the number of refined grid cells, with the hope of controlling the computational cost. As a result of this approach, the number of refined cells needed across a given shock or captured contact discontinuity is modest (< 10). Because the PPM method is very complex, ordinarily its wide difference stencil demands that a relatively large number of extra grid cells need to be added to each end of a grid strip, even when adapting to a thin feature of the flow. To avoid the work associated in handling these extra cells, only to conveniently produce valid data in the thin strip of actual interest, we have used intermediate results of the coarse grid calculation in order to eliminate the need for all but two of these extra cells at each end of the refined grid strip. The benefits of this approach will be described through sample results in 2D, and the method for handling the boundaries of the refined grid strips efficiently will be discussed. The data structures in this method are being carefully designed to permit efficient implementation of the algorithm on clusters of shared memory machines, with automatic dynamic balancing of computational loads over the cluster members.
Construct Validity of Career Indecision: Negative Personality Traits as Predictors of Career Indecision.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the construct validity of career indecision by examining its relationships to selected negative personality traits (perfectionism, self-consciousness, and fear of commitment) among 217 college students. It was hypothesized that career indecision would be positively and significantly associated with perfectionism, self-consciousness, and fear of commitment. As predicted, fear of commitment was a strong predictor of career indecision. Two of the three dimensions of perfectionism were also predictive of career indecision: Self-oriented perfectionism was a significant negative predictor of career indecision, whereas socially prescribed perfectionism was positively predictive of career indecision. However, other-oriented perfectionism was not predictive of career indecision. As was true of perfectionism, two of the three dimensions of self-consciousness were predictive of career indecision: Private self-consciousness was a positive predictor of career indecision...