cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of WOMAC function, pain and stiffness scores: evidence for the role of low back pain, symptom counts, fatigue and depression in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia.

Objectives. The Western Ontario MacMaster ( WOMAC ) is a validated instrument designed specifically for the assessment of lower extremity pain and function in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee or hip. In the clinic, however, we have noted that OA patients frequently have other musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal problems that might contribute to the total level of pain and functional abnormality that is measured by the WOMAC. In this report, we investigated back pain and non-articular factors that might explain WOMAC scores in patients with OA, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM ) in order to understand the specificity of this instrument. Methods. RA, OA and FM patients participating in long-term outcomes studies completed the WOMAC and were assessed for low back pain, fatigue, depression and rheumatic disease symptoms by mailed questionnaires. Results. Regardless of diagnosis, WOMAC functional and pain scores were very much higher (abnormal ) among those complaining of back pain. On average, WOMAC scores for back pain (+) patients exceeded those of back pain (’) patients by ~65%, and 52% of OA patients reported back pain. In regression analyses, study symptom variables explained 42, 44 and 38% of the variance in WOMAC function, pain and stiVness scores, respectively. In the subset of OA patients, radiographic scores added little to the explained variance. The strongest predictor of WOMAC abnormality in bivariate and multivariate analyses was the fatigue score, with correlations of 0.58, 0.60 and 0.53 with WOMAC function, pain and stiVness, respectively. The WOMAC performed well in RA and FM, and correlated strongly with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability scale and a visual analogue scale ( VAS) pain scale. Conclusion. The WOMAC captures more than just knee or hip pain and dysfunction, and is clearly influenced by the presence of fatigue, symptom counts, depression and low back pain. WOMAC scores also appear to reflect psychological and constitutional status. These observations suggest the need for care in interpreting WOMAC scores as just a measure of function, pain or stiVness, and indicate the considerable importance of psychological factors in rheumatic disease and rheumatic disease assessments.
Surveillance tools and strategies for animal diseases in a shifting climate context

Animal disease surveillance is watching an animal population closely to determine if a specific disease or a group of diseases makes an incursion so that a prior plan of action can be implemented. The purpose of this paper is to review existing tools and techniques for an animal disease-surveillance system that can incorporate the monitoring of climate factors and related data to enhance understanding of disease epidemiology. In recent decades, there has been interest in building information systems by combining various data sources for different purposes. Within the field of animal health, there have only been limited attempts at the integration of surveillance data with relevant climate conditions. Statistical techniques for data integration, however, have been explored and used by several disciplines. Clearly the application of available techniques for linking climate data with surveillance systems should be explored with the aim of facilitating prevention, mitigation, and adaptation responses in the surveillance setting around climate change and animal disease risks. Drawing on this wider body of work, three of the available techniques that can be utilized in the analysis of surveillance data with the available climate data sets are reviewed.
Remembering the Office of the Future: The Origins of Word Processing and Office Automation

Historians have not yet explored word processing's development, and so to provide a rounded treatment, we examine the story from multiple perspectives. We review the conceptual development of word processing and office automation; the development of word processing's constituent hardware and software technologies; the relationship of word processing to changes in the organization of office work; and the business history of the word processing industry. Word processing entered the American office in 1970 as an idea about reorganizing typists, but its meaning soon shifted to describe computerized text editing. The designers of word processing systems combined existing technologies to exploit the falling costs of interactive computing, creating a new business quite separate from the emerging world of the personal computer
A web-based user survey for evaluating power saving strategies for deaf users of mobileASL

MobileASL is a video compression project for two-way, real-time video communication on cell phones, allowing Deaf people to communicate in the language most accessible to them, American Sign Language. Unfortunately, running MobileASL quickly depletes a full battery charge in a few hours. Previous work on MobileASL investigated a method called variable frame rate (VFR) to increase the battery duration. We expand on this previous work by creating two new power saving algorithms, variable spatial resolution (VSR), and the application of both VFR and VSR. These algorithms extend the battery life by altering the temporal and/or spatial resolutions of video transmitted on MobileASL. We found that implementing only VFR extended the battery life from 284 minutes to 307 minutes; implementing only VSR extended the battery life to 306 minutes, and implementing both VFR and VSR extended the battery life to 315 minutes. We evaluated all three algorithms by creating a linguistically accessible online survey to investigate Deaf people's perceptions of video quality when these algorithms were applied. In our survey results, we found that VFR produces perceived video choppiness and VSR produces perceived video blurriness; however, a surprising finding was that when both VFR and VSR are used together, they largely ameliorate the choppiness and blurriness perceived, i.e., they each improve the use of the other. This is a useful finding because using VFR and VSR together saves the most battery life.
Cytomegalovirus as a cause of pancytopenia

Human cytomegalovirus, HCMV, infects most of the population by adulthood; The primary infection is often accompanied by transient neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and is followed by a period asymtomatic viral latency. In the setting of bone marrow transplantation, however, the immunosuppressed state of the recipient enables HCMV to re-activate or to infect the individual and cause serious sequelae. These range from hepatitis and gastrointestinal disease to interstitial pneumonia and hematologic abnormalities, which are more common in the allograft. Little is currently known about the mechanisms by which HCMV causes these hematologic abnormalities. In this review, we discuss experimental models which are helping investigators understand the immunology and pathology of CMV infection. We also summarize the vivo studies of the effects of HCMV on human hematopoiesis. Several possible mechanisms that could explain the deleterious effect of HCMV on human hematopoietic function include: 1) alteration of accessory cell function by inducing the production of inhibitory cytokines; 2) perturbation of stromal cell function resulting in a decreased production of hematopoietic factors or by altering cell surface adhesion molecule expression; 3) by direct infection of the hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells. It is likely that the pathogenesis of this syndrome is multifactorial therefore requiring a broad therapeutic approach. This would include the use of the antiviral agents, hematopoietic growth factors and donor derived HCMV specific cytolytic cells.
Retrospective-cost-based adaptive model refinement for the ionosphere and thermosphere

Mathematical models of physical phenomena are of critical importance in virtually all applications of science and technology. This paper addresses the problem of how to use data to improve the fidelity of a given model. We approach this problem using retrospective cost optimization, which uses data to recursively update an unknown subsystem interconnected to a known system. Applications of this technique are relevant to applications that depend on large-scale models based on first-principles physics, such as the global ionosphere–thermosphere model (GITM). Using GITM as the truth model, we demonstrate that measurements can be used to identify unknown physics. Specifically, we estimate static thermal conductivity parameters, as well as a dynamic cooling process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 446–458, 2011 © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel approaches to the treatment of sickle cell disease: the potential of histone deacetylase inhibitors

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a severe genetic disorder of hemoglobin causing vaso-occlusion. Patients suffer severe anemia, strokes, renal failure, pulmonary compromise and shortened life expectancy. Over 90,000 people in the USA have SCD, and the options for therapy are limited and only partially effective. With the available therapies – hydroxyurea, blood transfusion, hydration and pain medicines – patients continue to suffer the long-term complications of the disease. This review focuses on the pathogenesis of SCD and the role of fetal hemoglobin in disrupting the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin. The authors review the compounds that induce fetal hemoglobin: hydroxyurea, which is currently US FDA approved, and the histone deacetylase inhibitors and discuss their role in the treatment of SCD and other β-hemoglobinopathies.
Understanding Quality-Adjusted Life Years and Their Application to Pharmacoeconomic Research

OBJECTIVE:To provide a basic overview of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and their application in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), compare and contrast QALYs with other health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) assessments, describe current controversies regarding QALYs, and provide comparisons between QALY instruments.METHODS:The literature regarding HRQOL and QALYs was reviewed and key issues are summarized.RESULTS:QALYs provide relative preferences of patients for different health states. They range from 0, representing death, to 1.0, representing optimal health. QALYs are distinguished from other HRQOL assessments in that they provide a summary measurement that incorporates quantity of life in addition to HRQOL. When QALYs are used as the outcome measure in CEA, a cost per QALY is calculated. The Panel on Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine has recommended that QALYs be used as outcome measures in CEA; when QALYs are used in CEA, comparisons between treatments for different illnesses as well ...
Let’s Put Our Money Where Our Mouth Is: If Authors Are to Change Their Ways, Reviewers (and Editors) Must Change With Them

A number of scholars recently have argued for fundamental changes in the way psychological scientists conduct and report research. The behavior of researchers is influenced partially by incentive structures built into the manuscript evaluation system, and change in researcher practices will necessitate a change in the way journal reviewers evaluate manuscripts. This article outlines specific recommendations for reviewers that are designed to facilitate open data reporting and to encourage researchers to disseminate the most generative and replicable studies. These recommendations include changing the way reviewers respond to imperfections in empirical data, focusing less on individual tests of statistical significance and more on meta-analyses, being more open to null findings and failures to replicate previous research, and attending carefully to the theoretical contribution of a manuscript in addition to its methodological rigor. The article also calls for greater training and guidance for reviewers so that they can evaluate research in a manner that encourages open reporting and ultimately strengthens our science.
The long-term impact of adverse caregiving environments on epigenetic modifications and telomeres.

Early childhood is a sensitive period in which infant-caregiver experiences have profound effects on brain development and behavior. Clinical studies have demonstrated that infants who experience stress and adversity in the context of caregiving are at an increased risk for the development of psychiatric disorders. Animal models have helped to elucidate some molecular substrates of these risk factors, but a complete picture of the biological basis remains unknown. Studies continue to indicate that environmentally-driven epigenetic modifications may be an important mediator between adverse caregiving environments and psychopathology. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, which normally represses gene transcription, and microRNA processing, which interferes with both transcription and translation, show long-term changes throughout the brain and body following adverse caregiving. Recent evidence has also shown that telomeres (TTAGGG nucleotide repeats that cap the ends of DNA) exhibit long-term changes in the brain and in the periphery following exposure to adverse caregiving environments. Interestingly, telomeric enzymes and subtelomeric regions are subject to epigenetic modifications – a factor which may play an important role in regulating telomere length and contribute to future mental health. This review will focus on clinical and animal studies that highlight the long-term epigenetic and telomeric changes produced by adverse caregiving in early-life.
Self-Esteem and Communal Responsiveness Toward a Flawed Partner: The Fair-Weather Care of Low-Self-Esteem Individuals

Three studies provide evidence that people with low self-esteem, but not those with high self-esteem, distance themselves from a flawed partner in situations in which the flaws seem likely to reflect negatively on them. Participants with low (but not high) self-esteem reduced their motivation to care for the partner's needs when they felt they might share a partner's salient flaws (Study 1), when they were primed to focus on similarities between themselves and a socially devalued partner (Study 2), and when they learned that their partner was socially incompetent (Study 3). In Study 3, individuals with low (but not high) self-esteem provided less emotional support and experienced more public image threat when they learned that partners were socially incompetent. In addition, all three studies provided evidence that participants' distancing reduced their confidence in the partner's motivation to care for them, suggesting that distancing involves a cost to the self.
A simple physical model for binding energy hot spots in protein-protein complexes.

Protein–protein recognition plays a central role in most biological processes. Although the structures of many protein–protein complexes have been solved in molecular detail, general rules describing affinity and selectivity of protein–protein interactions do not accurately account for the extremely diverse nature of the interfaces. We investigate the extent to which a simple physical model can account for the wide range of experimentally measured free energy changes brought about by alanine mutation at protein–protein interfaces. The model successfully predicts the results of alanine scanning experiments on globular proteins (743 mutations) and 19 protein–protein interfaces (233 mutations) with average unsigned errors of 0.81 kcal/mol and 1.06 kcal/mol, respectively. The results test our understanding of the dominant contributions to the free energy of protein–protein interactions, can guide experiments aimed at the design of protein interaction inhibitors, and provide a stepping-stone to important applications such as interface redesign.
PUBLIC DELIBERATION IN AN AGE OF DIRECT CITIZEN PARTICIPATION

Citizen participation in the decisions that affect their lives is an imperative of contemporary society. For the first half of the 20th century, citizens relied on public officials and administrato...
How Young Men at High Risk of Fathering an Unintended Birth Talk About Their Procreative Identities

Half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended. The risk is particularly high for certain demographic groups, including those making up lower socioeconomic status and minority groups. Few studies on unintended pregnancy have incorporated the fertility preferences of men, despite the knowledge that they do influence reproductive decisions. I explore how men who are at a relatively high risk for fathering an unintended pregnancy talk about their procreative identities in everyday life. I analyze the transcripts of focus groups conducted with young, socioeconomically disadvantaged African American and Puerto Rican men to examine how they talk about procreative consciousness, procreative responsibility, and pregnancy planning. Analyses demonstrate that men often have a very active sense of procreative consciousness and a lagging sense of procreative responsibility. However, men consider fatherhood to be an important role and look forward to parenting children. These factors may contribute to thei...
Genetic and environmental correlations among skinfold measures

A bivariate genetic analysis, utilizing variance decomposition techniques based on maximum likelihood methods, was undertaken to examine the genetic and environmental correlations among eight skinfolds in a large pedigreed sample of Mexican Americans from San Antonio, Texas. The resulting correlation coefficients reveal significant values for both the genetic and environmental components among the traits examined. The genetic correlation coefficients showed the highest values between skinfolds from the same region (i.e., triceps, biceps, and forearm), while the environmental correlation remained fairly constant between all traits. These findings are further supported by a principal component analysis of the phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlation matrices. This represents the first study to partition the phenotypic correlation between these traits into their genetic and environmental components. An examination of the graphical representations of the eigenvectors of these correlation matrices reveals that the patterns of central versus peripheral fat distribution seen in the phenotypic correlation matrix are largely a function of the genetic correlation structure. All these findings are interpreted as evidence of a global pleiotropic effect in the genetic expression of these traits, with what might be secondary regional pleiotropic effects among specific subsets of the skinfolds. In addition it appears that these pleiotropic effects exist against a background of a relatively constant shared environmental effect. It is concluded that these traits are not independent with respect to either shared genetic or environmental influences.
Characterization of the streak camera for use as a plasma spectroscopy diagnostic in the magnetically insulated line oscillator

The MILO (Magnetically Insulated Line Oscillator) is a cross-field co-axial device capable of generating high power microwaves. A MILO designed to operate at 1.1 GHz at 500 kV, with an operating current of 45 kA and a design pulse length of 100-300ns was built by the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of New Mexico, to study plasma beam interactions. High voltage and the low impedance of the device produce a high current that self-insulates and propagates between the coaxial cylinders. The outer conductor includes a slow wave structure to couple the energy of the electrons to RF (radio frequency). Due to the impurities in the cathode and anode; high energy electrons ionize desorbed molecules around the cathode producing plasma. In order to detect and study the behavior of this plasma we need to characterize a streak camera that will be used to detect light from 200 nm to 850 nm. The characterization of the streak camera will be done using a laser comb generator which will then be divided into 5 separate laser beams, in order to characterize the total span of the camera's tube. The temporal and spatial response of the streak camera will be given as well as the temporal and spatial resolution and optical aberrations will also be measured. This characterization will aid in the reduction of spectroscopic plasma data and in the analysis of those results. This poster presents the results of characterization of the streak camera in the time and frequency domains as well as the procedure by which this characterization was made.
The critical behavior of φ{ 1 / 4 }

The eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, and Schwinger functions of the ordinary differential operator $$H(\lambda ,m) = \tfrac{1}{2}\{ p^2 + \lambda q^4 + (m^2 - \lambda m^{ - 2} )q^2 \} $$ are studied as λ → ∞. It is shown that the scaling limit of the Schwinger functions equals the scaling limit of a one dimensional Ising model. Critical exponents ofH(λ,m) are shown to equal critical exponents of the Ising model, while critical exponents of the renormalized theory are shown to agree with those of a harmonic oscillator.
All-real spectra in optical systems with arbitrary gain-and-loss distributions

A general method to obtain complex potentials presenting all-real spectra, but without the need of parity-time (PT) symmetry, is proposed. By relaxing the stringent restriction set by PT symmetry, this study paves the way to new developments in non-Hermitian optics.
The Effect of Chloride on Passive Oxide Film Breakdown on Stainless Steels and Aluminum

The evidence for adsorption or incorporation of chloride ions (Cl-) in the passive oxide film on stainless steels and Fe-Cr alloys appears to be contradictory, with some investigators reporting Cl- in the oxide and others reporting its absence. We consider this issue by determining Cl- adsorption and/or incorporation as a function of potential (below the pitting potential) on 316L stainless steel using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and compare our results to the literature on uptake of Cl- by stainless steels and to studies on uptake of Cl- on aluminum. The important finding is that no Cl- is observed in the oxide film on 316L stainless steel whereas in the case of aluminum, Cl- is incorporated into the oxide film. We present the case for those instances where Cl- is observed in the oxide films on stainless steels and Fe-Cr alloys, these observations are a result of the experimental procedures employed.
Lessons in Clinical Trial Design From the Traumatic Coma Data Bank

In 1979, the San Diego experience with hypnotics was presented for the first time at a meeting in Charlottesville, Virginia. At that time, Professor Bryan Jennett presented a slide which made the following suggestions for the comparisons of new treatments with present methods of care. Suggestions and questions were: 1. Are the patients well matched? 2. Are the treatments well controlled? 3. Had the outcome measures been selected in advance, and are they clear?
Care of the pediatric patient with uveitis.

Abstract This article focuses on the care of the pediatric patient with uveitis. It discusses the impact, major causes, types, treatment, nursing care, and follow up necessary to best manage this complex and multifaceted disease.
Ruptured Intracranial Dermoid Tumor Secondary to Closed Head Trauma

A patient with an intracranial dermoid tumor that ruptured secondary to closed head trauma is described. Intracranial dermoid tumors (cysts) have been reported to rupture spontaneously during or following surgery. To the authors' knowledge, rupture of a dermoid cyst following closed head trauma has not been reported.
Library Construction for High-Throughput Mobile Element Identification and Genotyping

Mobile genetic elements are discrete DNA elements that can move around and copy themselves in a genome. As a ubiquitous component of the genome, mobile elements contribute to both genetic and epigenetic variation. Therefore, it is important to determine the genome-wide distribution of mobile elements. Here we present a targeted high-throughput sequencing protocol called Mobile Element Scanning (ME-Scan) for genome-wide mobile element detection. We will describe oligonucleotides design, sequencing library construction, and computational analysis for the ME-Scan protocol.
Time-variable tempo tracking and beat annotation for MIR

The ability to analyze a piece of music for tempo and beat information has many applications, especially in the field of music information retrieval (MIR). They include the broad categories of song comparison, harmonic analysis, mood analysis, and song retrieval. Our tempo tracking and beat-annotation algorithms work to extract the implicit beat information present in music audio files. We use a high performance software package for scientific and engineering computation (MATLAB) to analyze music of several genres in the form of general audio. Our purpose is to extract the time-variable tempo for each piece and phase-aligned beats for each piece. Once these are found we superimpose a synthetic beat track onto the original signal for evaluation purposes.
Maurice Tourneur’s Justin de Marseille (1935): transatlantic influences on the French gangster

AbstractIn this article, the author analyses Maurice Tourneur’s 1935 film Justin de Marseille as an example of the Gallic gangster film. Julien Duvivier’s Pepe le Moko (1937) has received more critical attention in this regard in part because of the general critical neglect of Tourneur’s work, but also because Justin de Marseille offers a curious juxtaposition of quasi-ethnographic images of everyday street life in Marseille and proto-film noir chase sequences involving darkened streets and violent criminals. Justin de Marseille is a useful case study because it explicitly negotiates between French and American models of urban criminality in the interwar period at the level of style and narrative. The author shows how Tourneur’s film satirises the French fascination with American and Gallic gangsters as a press phenomenon, namely the consequence of French journalists hungry for sensationalistic stories to sell newspapers. He interweaves a cultural history of the French fascination for gangsters with an an...
Measures of Symmetry and Stability

In this section we give another interpretation of the Minkowski measure of a convex body (Section 2.1) in terms of supporting hyperplanes. We show that the associated “support ratio” corresponds to our earlier distortion ratio through the concept of duality (or polarity) between convex bodies. We introduce and discuss duality by means of “musical correspondences” which prove to be transparent and convenient technical tools to derive various simple facts such as the so-called Bipolar Theorem.
Examining the antecedents and consequences of regular exercise in the audit profession: How CPA firms can promote auditors’ psychological and physical healthiness

This study relies on the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985) to examine the antecedents of regular exercise in the audit profession; in addition, the research model tested herein includes two key consequences of exercise: physical healthiness and subjective vitality (one dimension of psychological healthiness). A total of 490 auditors (154 from a large regional CPA firm and 336 from a Big-4 CPA firm) participated in the survey. The results indicate that the antecedents of exercise, as articulated by the theory of planned behavior (attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control), are significantly and positively related to actual exercise behavior. As a consequence of exercising, the auditors indicated improved physical and psychological healthiness. From a theoretical perspective, this is the first study to our knowledge to test both antecedents and consequences of exercise in a single model. Practically, the results suggest that CPA firms should create a culture where engaging in regular exercise is expected, accepted, and encouraged; additionally, firms should ensure that auditors have the opportunity and means to exercise on a regular basis, particularly when they are on the road working at client sites. Rising health care costs are a concern for all employers and employees. A greater understanding of how to improve the physical and psychological healthiness of employees will benefit individuals, organizations, and societies.
Daily survival rate of nests is lower in fruiting than non-fruiting tree species for a Hawaiian forest bird, the Kaua̒i ̒elepaio (Chasiempis sclateri)

ABSTRACT Nest-site characteristics are important drivers of nest success in birds, and are particularly important to understand in systems where anthropogenic factors may exacerbate their negative effects on population demographics. In Hawaii, it is suggested that forest bird nests in fruiting tree species may have higher rates of nest predation than in non-fruiting tree species, because fruit is an important dietary component of introduced rats. I assessed the differential daily survival rate (DSR) of nests of Kauai Elepaio (Chasiempis sclateri) on Kauai Island, Hawaii, in fruiting versus non-fruiting tree species using generalized linear models in program MARK. Nests were located in six fruiting tree species (n = 19) and one non-fruiting species (n = 25). Nest-tree reproductive strategy was a driver of DSR (β = −1.15 ± 0.55 SE, 95% CI = −2.23–-0.07) and DSR was lower in fruiting tree species compared to the non-fruiting species (0.975 vs. 0.992, respectively). Most nest failures were attributed to ...
Integrated Brain Network Architecture Supports Cognitive Task Performance

Summary Spontaneous fluctuations in neural activity and connectivity are thought to support cognition and behavior. In this issue of Neuron , Shine et al. (2016) describe a possible mechanism responsible for fluctuations in the human brain's network architecture that are related to rapid shifts in cognitive state.
Unveiling anomalies in large-scale networks via sparsity and low rank

In the backbone of large-scale networks, traffic flows experience abrupt unusual changes which can result in congestion, and limit the extent to which end-user quality of service requirements are met. Diagnosing such traffic volume anomalies is a crucial task towards engineering the traffic in the network. This is challenging however, since the available data are the superposition of unobservable origin-to-destination (OD) flows per link. Leveraging the low intrinsic-dimensionality of OD flows and the sparse nature of anomalies, a convex program is formulated to unveil anomalies across flows and time. A centralized solver is developed using the proximal gradient algorithm, which offers provable iteration complexity guarantees. An equivalent nonconvex but separable criterion enables in-network processing of link-load measurements, when optimized via the alternating-direction method of multipliers. The novel distributed iterations entail reduced-complexity local tasks, and affordable message passing between neighboring nodes. Interestingly, under mild conditions the distributed algorithm approaches its centralized counterpart. Numerical tests with synthetic and real network data corroborate the effectiveness of the novel scheme.
Suspected myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm in a feline leukemia virus-negative cat

A 10-year-old castrated Domestic Short-Haired cat was presented to a primary care veterinarian for a wellness examination and laboratory examination for monitoring of diabetes mellitus. The CBC revealed marked thrombocytosis, leukopenia and macrocytic, normochromic anemia. The cat tested negative for FeLV and feline immunodeficiency virus, but was positive for Mycoplasma haemominutum by PCR. Hematologic abnormalities were not responsive to therapy, so a repeat CBC and a bone marrow aspiration for cytology were performed. Additional blood smear findings included anisocytosis with megaloblastic erythroid precursors, large platelets, eosinophilic myelocytes and metamyelocytes, and rare unidentified blasts. The bone marrow smear was highly cellular, and the cytologic pattern was consistent with myelodysplastic syndrome with an erythroid predominance. At that time, 15% blasts were present. The cat was treated with a vitamin K2 analog, doxycycline, and prednisolone, but without a clinical response. Within 3 months, euthanasia was elected due to declining quality of life, and a necropsy was performed. Postmortem bone marrow smears were highly cellular and dominated by monomorphic blasts of unknown line of origin (52%), persistent marked erythroid and megakaryocytic dysplasia, and ineffective erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis. Immunohistochemical, immunocytochemical, and cytochemical stains resulted in a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia of unclassified type. Additional histologic findings included mixed hepatitis with trematode infestation and lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis with fibrosis. The marked thrombocytosis with myelodysplastic syndrome and the FeLV-negative status of this cat were unusual. The difficulty in classifying the myelodysplasia and subsequent leukemia highlights a need for further reporting and characterization of these types of disease.
Targeting Functional Decline in Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Trial.

Background Alzheimer disease results in progressive functional decline, leading to loss of independence. Objective To determine whether collaborative care plus 2 years of home-based occupational therapy delays functional decline. Design Randomized, controlled clinical trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01314950). Setting Urban public health system. Patients 180 community-dwelling participants with Alzheimer disease and their informal caregivers. Intervention All participants received collaborative care for dementia. Patients in the intervention group also received in-home occupational therapy delivered in 24 sessions over 2 years. Measurements The primary outcome measure was the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Group Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADCS ADL); performance-based measures included the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Short Portable Sarcopenia Measure (SPSM). Results At baseline, clinical characteristics did not differ significantly between groups; the mean Mini-Mental State Examination score for both groups was 19 (SD, 7). The intervention group received a median of 18 home visits from the study occupational therapists. In both groups, ADCS ADL scores declined over 24 months. At the primary end point of 24 months, ADCS ADL scores did not differ between groups (mean difference, 2.34 [95% CI, -5.27 to 9.96]). We also could not definitively demonstrate between-group differences in mean SPPB or SPSM values. Limitation The results of this trial are indeterminate and do not rule out potential clinically important effects of the intervention. Conclusion The authors could not definitively demonstrate whether the addition of 2 years of in-home occupational therapy to a collaborative care management model slowed the rate of functional decline among persons with Alzheimer disease. This trial underscores the burden undertaken by caregivers as they provide care for family members with Alzheimer disease and the difficulty in slowing functional decline. Primary funding source National Institute on Aging.
Balancing the Effects of Extinction and Enhancement for Optimal Signal in Surface-Enhanced Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy

The field of ultrafast surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is rapidly expanding; however, few applications for these new techniques have been demonstrated. One obstacle for the widespread application of ultrafast SERS is the addition of highly enhancing and scattering plasmonic substrates to already complex nonlinear spectroscopies. The competition between extinction and enhancement in ultrafast SERS techniques complicates the optimization of a number of experimental parameters. Here we study the concentration and path length dependences of signal quality in surface-enhanced femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (SE-FSRS). We find that in contrast to previous studies of spontaneous SERS which use signal magnitudes to define optimal experimental parameters, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) are the best measure of ideal experimental parameters in SE-FSRS. We report ideal concentrations and path lengths to use in transmissive geometry SE-FSRS experiments with colloidal nanoparticle substrates. Our re...
Strategies to prevent death by suicide: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

BackgroundFew randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown decreases in suicide.AimsTo identify interventions for preventing suicide.MethodWe searched EMBASE and Medline from inception until 31 December 2015. We included RCTs comparing prevention strategies with control. We pooled odds ratios (ORs) for suicide using the Peto method.ResultsAmong 8647 citations, 72 RCTs and 6 pooled analyses met inclusion criteria. Three RCTs (n = 2028) found that the World Health Organization (WHO) brief intervention and contact (BIC) was associated with significantly lower odds of suicide (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.09-0.42). Six RCTs (n = 1040) of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for suicide prevention and six RCTs of lithium (n = 619) yielded non-significant findings (OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.12-1.03 and OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.05-1.02, respectively).ConclusionsThe WHO BIC is a promising suicide prevention strategy. No other intervention showed a statistically significant effect in reducing suicide.
Research and Scholarly Activities: Assessment

F. L. Wells could serve as the prototype of the pre-World War II clinical psychologists whose role was that of expert psychological examiner. He seems to have been the only person who was both certified as a consulting psychologist by APA and later became a diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology. Like S. I. Franz, Wells worked for a time at the McLean Hospital. He was later affiliated with the Boston Psychopathic Hospital and then with the Department of Hygiene of Harvard University. Wells was more of a scholar than a researcher. For example, one of his claims to fame was as an interpreter of psychoanalysis to his psychologist colleagues. He was not a psychoanalyst and was careful to maintain a sense of objectivity and nonpartisanship in the many such articles he wrote, beginning in 1912 (Shaffer, 1964). Wells had spent some time in Germany as a child and was fluent in German, which helped in this interpretive task. Wells’s handbook of informal mental examination procedures (Wells & Ruesch, 1945) was of great value to clinical psychologists and to those who had to learn hurriedly to become clinicians during World War II. He was not a man of narrow interests, either. One of the items on his curriculum vitae was a letter to the editor of Science commenting on the nocturnal habits of spiders (Wells, 1944). (In 1922–1923, Wells was chair of the APA Clinical Section and later served as chair of the APA committee that certified consulting psychologists. He received one of the first Division 12 awards for scientific and professional contributions in 1958.)
The Gendered Gaze: Torrellas’ Sadistic “Martyrdom” in Grisel y Mirabella

La escena del “martirio” antropofago de Torrellas en Grisel y Mirabella esta cargada de significado simbolico que los criticos han interpretado de diferentes maneras. Sin embargo, se ha ignorado el papel que desempenan las teorias visuales para establecer sistemas de poder en la interaccion optica entre las ejecutoras y el ejecutado. Este estudio sostiene que la reina y sus damas usurpan la mirada masculina y convierten a Torrellas en un(a) “martir” virginizada que recuerda las narraciones martiriologicas y cristologicas, transformandolo en un fetiche erotico para satisfacer su placer voyeristico. Palabras clave: mirada, sadismo, martirio, voyeurismo, Grisel y Mirabella The scene of Torrellas’ cannibalistic “martyrdom” in Flores’s Grisel y Mirabella is fraught with symbolic meaning, which scholars have interpreted in sundry ways. Critics have neglected the role visual theories play in establishing systems of power in the optic interaction between the executrixes and the victim. This analysis aims at showing the role-inversion of the male, objectifying gaze. This essay argues that the queen and her ladies usurp the male gaze and turn Torrellas into a virgin-like “martyr” in a way that resembles martyrological and Christological narratives, turning him into an erotic fetish for the sake of their voyeuristic pleasure. Keywords: gaze, sadism, martyrdom, voyeurism, Grisel y Mirabella
In Vitro Assessment of Spray Deposition Patterns in a Pediatric (12 Year-Old) Nasal Cavity Model

Purpose Nasal sprays available for the treatment of cold and allergy symptoms currently use identical formulations and devices for adults as well as for children. Due to the obvious differences between the nasal airway dimensions of a child and those of an adult, the performance of nasal sprays in children was evaluated. Methods Deposition patterns of nasal sprays administered to children were tested using a nasal cast based on MRI images obtained from a 12 year old child's nasal cavity. Test formulations emitting a range of spray patterns were investigated by actuating the device into the pediatric nasal cast under controlled conditions. Results The results showed that the nasal sprays impacted in the anterior region of the 12 year old child's nasal cavity, and only limited spray entered the turbinate region - the effect site for most topical drugs and the primary absorptive region for systemically absorbed drugs. Conclusion Differences in deposition patterns following the administration of nasal sprays to adults and children may lead to differences in efficacy between these populations. Greater anterior deposition in children may result in decreased effectiveness, greater anterior dosage form loss, and the increased potential for patient non-compliance.
IGF-I: An Essential Factor in Terminal End Bud Formation and Ductal Morphogenesis

Growth hormone (GH)3 is essential for rodent mammary gland development during puberty.It binds to GH receptors in the stromal compartment of the mammary gland and stimulatesIGF-I mRNA expression. These findings lead to the hypothesis that GH acts through locallyproduced IGF-I, which in turn, causes development of terminal end buds (TEBs), the structuresthat lead the process of mammary gland development during puberty. Subsequent studieshave in large measure proven this hypothesis. They include the observations that mammarydevelopment was grossly impaired in female mice deficient in IGF-I (IGF-I(−/−) knockoutmice), and treatment of these mice with IGF-I plus estradiol (E2) restored pubertal mammarydevelopment while treatment with GH + E2 did not. Thus, the full phenotypic action of GHin mammary gland development is mediated by IGF-I. We have demonstrated one effect ofGH on the mammary gland that does not appear to be mediated by the action of IGF-I. GHincreased the level of estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA and protein in the nuclei of mammaryfat pad cells, but IGF-I did not. In addition to the critical role of the GH/IGF-I axis duringpubertal mammary development, other data suggest that IGF-I might also be of importanceduring pregnancy and lactation. In summary, the earliest phase of pubertal mammarydevelopment (formation of TEBs) requires IGF-I or GH in IGF-I sufficient animals. No other hormoneshave been shown to stimulate formation of TEBs unless GH or IGF-I is present. GH-inducedIGF-I is of major importance in ductal morphogenesis, and may, in fact, be necessary for laterstages of mammary development, as well.
FAILURE OF LEVAMISOLE TO STIMULATE HUMORAL OR CELLULAR IMMUNITY TO SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES IN NORMAL OR T CELL DEPRIVED MICE

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on anthelminthic drug 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenyl imidazo (2,1-b) thiazole (levamisole) that has been reported to enhance the in vivo formation of anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plaque-forming cells (PFC). Despite these reports of apparent immunostimulatory properties, the tumor suppressive action of the drug has not been confirmed. In a study described in the chapter, the effect of levamisole on an in vitro primary PFC response to SRBC was also evaluated. As a measure of cellular immunity, in vivo delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to SRBC was assayed by the footpad swelling reaction. The levamisole preparation used in the experiments described in the chapter stimulated the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in mouse spleen cell cultures.
Transcriptome analysis of Xenopus orofacial tissues deficient in retinoic acid receptor function

Development of the face and mouth is orchestrated by a large number of transcription factors, signaling pathways and epigenetic regulators. While we know many of these regulators, our understanding of how they interact with each other and implement changes in gene expression during orofacial development is still in its infancy. Therefore, this study focuses on uncovering potential cooperation between transcriptional regulators and one important signaling pathway, retinoic acid, during development of the midface. Transcriptome analyses was performed on facial tissues deficient for retinoic acid receptor function at two time points in development; early (35 hpf) just after the neural crest migrates and facial tissues are specified and later (60 hpf) when the mouth has formed and facial structures begin to differentiate. Functional and network analyses revealed that retinoic acid signaling could cooperate with novel epigenetic factors and calcium-NFAT signaling during early orofacial development. At the later stage, retinoic acid may work with WNT and BMP and regulate homeobox containing transcription factors. Finally, there is an overlap in genes dysregulated in Xenopus embryos with median clefts with human genes associated with similar orofacial defects. This study uncovers novel signaling pathways required for orofacial development as well as pathways that could interact with retinoic acid signaling during the formation of the face. We show that frog faces are an important tool for studying orofacial development and birth defects.
RADIOGRAPHIC PREDICTORS OF BONE EXPOSURE IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE 0 ONJ

Background Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) is a severe adverse effect of antiresorptive medications. Although the diagnosis of ONJ is based on the presence of necrotic bone in the oral cavity, patients at the initial phase of the disease (stage 0 ONJ) can present without bone exposure.1 Approximately 50% of stage 0 ONJ patients develop bone exposure within 6 to 12 months of initial presentation.2 However, diagnostic predictors of stage 0 ONJ progressing to clinical ONJ are absent. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate stage 0 ONJ radiographic features associated with subsequent clinical exposure. Materials and Methods Files from 14 patients with stage 0 ONJ (history of antiresorptive medication and nonspecific clinical symptoms) were utilized. Imaging included panoramic radiographs and CBCT scans. Additionally, clinical photos were obtained. Cortical erosion, sclerosis, sequestration, periosteal reaction and crater-like defects were assessed as localized or extensive. Patients were followed up for 6 months to 2 years and absence or presence of clinical exposure was noted. Results Two patients reported a history of recent extraction, 3 were edentulous and 9 were dentate. Of the patients, 50% (7 of 14) presented with cortical erosion, 43% (6 of 14) showed bony sequestration or bony spicules, 50% (7 of 14) demonstrated crater-like defect, 50% (7 of 14) had extensive sclerosis, and 36% (5 of 14) presented with periosteal reaction. In follow-up, 50% (7 of 14) of patients with stage 0 ONJ developed clinical exposure during the observation period. Patients with subsequent exposure presented more frequently with abnormal radiographic findings. Interestingly, 6 of these patients presented with sequestration or bony spicules at the initial appointment. All patients with sequestrum advanced to clinical ONJ. Discussion Our data show an association of radiographic findings, in particular of sequestration, with development of bone exposure, and emphasize the importance of a thorough radiographic assessment in patients with suspected stage 0 ONJ. Currently, we are expanding our patient population to increase the statistical power of our studies.