cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The trouble with tunas: international fisheries science and policy in an uncertain future

Abstract To understand the potential future impacts of climate change on marine fisheries science and management, it is useful to examine how and why management of fisheries for highly migratory fish species has or has not worked in the past, and whether we expect these trends to continue. Climate change will result in greater uncertainty in the projections of marine fish populations, and the structure of international fisheries management organizations will, to a great degree, determine their ability to adapt and effectively manage fish populations under their purview. I briefly describe the structure and function of national and international fisheries regulatory bodies and highlight several key structures that lead to effective management. I also examine the likelihood that effective governance structures can be applied to management bodies where they are currently lacking. Finally, I identify potential ways forward in instances where it seems unlikely to improve current management bodies.
GENETIC LOADS IN IRRADIATED EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

IN spite of the enormous amount of work devoted to the study of the mutagenic effects of ionizing radiations, very little is known about the consequences of radiation exposures for the health and vigor of the irradiated populations. This problem has assumed tremendous importance in connection with the exposure of human populations to radiation. Probably a vast majority of the newly arising mutants are deleterious to their carriers, at least in homozygous condition in environments in which the species or the population usually lives. However, mutants rise “spontaneously” as well as after radiation exposures. Natural populations of probably all organisms carry genetic “loads” or “burdens” of deleterious genetic variants (MULLER 1950; DOBZHANSKY 1957; DOBZHANSKY, SPASSKY and TIDWELL 1963; DOBZHANSKY and SPASSKY 1963; STONE, WILSON and GERSTENBERG 1963). Radiation-induced mutants are added to the genetic loads which populations contain even without irradiation. In diploid organisms only a part of the genetic load is phenotypically manifest, while much of it is concealed in the heterozygous condition. The dynamics of genetic loads, especially of loads modified by irradiation, are complex and still far from adequately understood. WALLACE and KING (1951) and WALLACE (1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1962) made most penetrating studies of irradiated populations of D. melanogaster kept in laboratory population cages. Such populations were maintained under conditions of stringent natural selection, owing to the crowding and to competition for food. The aim of the investigation reported in the present article has been to study the genetic effects of X-radiation exposures on experimental populations of the same species kept under relatively relaxed natural selection conditions. It has been felt that the results of such an investigation may have some relevance to problems of similar nature in human populations, where forces of selection against some of the constituents of the genetic loads are probably not as intense as those in population cages of Drosophila. Attention is here focussed on the effects of the radiation-induced genetic loads on certain components of viability.
Shape memory effects in self-healing polymers

Abstract Recent developments in self-healing polymers (SHPs) have been fueled by the increasing need for sustainable materials with extended life-spans and functionality. This review focuses on the shape memory effect (SME) in polymers and its contribution to self-healing. Starting from structural requirements and thermodynamics, quantitative aspects of the SME are discussed in the context of energy storage and release during the damage-repair cycle. Characterization of shape memory in polymers has largely concentrated on recovery and fixation ratios, which describe the efficiency of the geometrical changes. In this review, factors that govern strain, stress, and energy storage capacities are also explored. Of particular interest for self-healing are deformability and conformational entropic energy storage and release efficiency during reversible plasticity shape memory (RPSM) cycles. Physical and chemical mechanisms of strength regain following shape recovery as well as other physical factors that influence the self-healing process are also discussed.
Training Preservice Teachers to Match Assistive Technology to Student Needs

Understanding how to appropriately choose, implement, and utilize assistive technology (AT) for students on an individualized education program (IEP) is imperative to success within a school settin...
The COVID-19 and the Decline in Crime

Reported crimes have declined in some major cities after the imposition of restrictions on businesses and residents to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The Balkin-McDonald (1981) model of street crime is used to explain the outcomes. Recent crime rate data from five major cities are provided.
Communication: A mean field platform for excited state quantum chemistry

We present a mean field theory for excited states that is broadly analogous to ground state Hartree-Fock theory. Like Hartree-Fock, our approach is deterministic, state-specific, applies a variational principle to a minimally correlated ansatz, produces energy stationary points, relaxes the orbital basis, has a Fock-build cost-scaling, and can serve as the foundation for correlation methods such as perturbation theory and coupled cluster theory. To emphasize this last point, we pair our mean field approach with an excited state analog of second order Moller-Plesset theory and demonstrate that in water, formaldehyde, neon, and stretched lithium fluoride, the resulting accuracy far exceeds that of configuration interaction singles and rivals that of equation of motion coupled cluster.
Quantifying shell outline variability in extant and fossil Laqueus (Brachiopoda: Terebratulida): are outlines good proxies for long-looped brachidial morphology and can they help us characterize species?

Extant and extinct terebratulide brachiopod species have been defined primarily on the basis of morphology. What is the fidelity of morphological species to biological species? And how can we test this fidelity with fossils? Taxonomically and phylogenetically, the most informative internal feature in the brachiopod suborder Terebratellidina is the geometrically complex long-looped brachidium, which is highly fragile and only rarely preserved in the fossil record. Given this, it is essential to test other sources of morphological data, such as valve outline shape, when trying to recognize and identify species. We analyzed valve outlines and brachidia in the genus Laqueus to explore the utility of shell shape in discriminating extant and fossil species. Using geometric morphometric methods, we quantified valve outline variability using elliptical Fourier methods and tested whether long-looped brachidial morphology correlates with shell outline shape. We then built classification models based on machine learning algorithms using outlines as shape variables to predict fossil species’ identities. Our results demonstrate that valve outline shape is significantly correlated with long-looped brachidial shape and that even relatively simple outlines are sufficiently morphologically distinct to enable extant Laqueus species to be identified, validating current taxonomic assignments. These are encouraging results for the study and delimitation of fossil terebratulide species, and their recognition as biological species. In addition, machine learning algorithms can be successfully applied to help solve species recognition and delimitation problems in paleontology, especially when morphology can be characterized quantitatively and analyzed statistically.
Feasibility and acceptability of a randomized controlled trial to investigate withdrawal symptoms in response to caffeinated sugary drink cessation among children.

Abstract Background Sugary drinks (SDs) are key contributors to excess added sugar intake and the predominant source of caffeine among children. Chronic caffeine intake causes dependence, and evidence for sugar dependence is emerging. Development of withdrawal symptoms may pose an obstacle to SD cessation among children. We examined the feasibility and acceptability of a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to investigate withdrawal symptoms resulting from replacement of children's usual caffeinated SD intake with either caffeine-free alternatives or caffeine-free and sugar-free alternatives, compared with continued consumption of caffeinated SDs. Methods Twenty-nine children 8–12 years old, who consumed ≥12 ounces caffeinated SDs daily, enrolled. The two-week RCT required three in-person meetings and daily completion of electronic questionnaires to assess withdrawal symptoms and intervention adherence. Children were randomized to replace their usual caffeinated SD consumption with 1) caffeine-free alternatives, 2) caffeine-free and sugar-free alternatives, or 3) caffeinated SDs (control), provided by the study team. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results Twenty-eight participants (97%) completed the study. Adherence was high, with 73% reporting compliance with beverage assignments, and 76% completing all questionnaires. In qualitative interviews at follow-up, children described feelings of importance and commitment, and parents did not find the procedures to be overly burdensome. While challenges to adherence were reported (e.g., child wanting other SDs, time commitment), participants described innovative strategies (e.g., designating a place for study drinks in the refrigerator) to maintain adherence. Conclusion Results indicated high levels of RCT feasibility and acceptability. The reported barriers and strategies for adherence will inform modifications required to design a larger and longer-term trial investigating withdrawal symptoms after SD cessation in children.
A heterogeneous autonomous collaborative system for powerline inspection using human-robotic teaming

This paper explores a novel system architecture of heterogeneous collaborative system for powerline inspection using human-robotic teaming. The research uses Quanser’s Autonomous QCar and QDrone to demonstrate the results. This heterogeneous powerline inspection system consists of three separately controlled elements that work collaboratively within a centralized controlled space and those individual elements are as follows: 1) A control system operated by the human that takes cares of the Autonomous car and drone functionality, 2) An autonomous unmanned ground vehicle system that will take tasks from the human control system to drive through the path determined, and 3) An autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle system that conducts the powerline search and inspection within a specified range. All three systems operate together as one heterogeneous system, which demonstrates the application of human-robotic teaming. This paper will demonstrate how the proposed system architecture is constructed and the results obtained from it in an indoor environment is discussed.
Characterization of the dissolved phosphorus uptake kinetics for the effluents from advanced nutrient removal processes

Abstract Given the importance of the watershed protection plans, direct determination of phosphorus (P) mineralization rates in advanced wastewater treatment facility effluents is crucial for developing the most protective strategies minimiz eutrophication in receiving surface waters. In this study, algal bioassays were used to determine the uptake rate of dissolved P in effluents from a broad range of advanced nutrient removal technologies (e.g., membrane biological reactor, traditional biological, tertiary membrane, Blue PRO™, etc.). Dissolved P uptake kinetics were fit to a gamma model and three first-order decay models. A traditional one-pool model correlated poorly with the experimental data (i.e., r2 = 0.73 ± 0.09), whereas two-pool model and three-pool models performed much better (i.e., r2 > 0.9). These models also provided strong evidence for the existence of recalcitrant P in the effluents from these tertiary facilities. The Gamma model showed the mineralization of organic P followed a reactive continuum and further suggested the partitioning of P loads with different bioavailability levels should be accounted for the future modeling practices. From a modeling perspective, the Gamma model should be considered to be the theoretically best model as it gave the most parsimonious fit to the data using the fewest terms. Our study suggested that the current Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) model could be easily modified with the updated mineralization kinetics, which should lead to both ecological and economic benefits.
Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Habitat and Timber Management Production Possibilities

In order to mitigate the impact of longer rotations for the red-cockaded woodpecker on timber production, a multi-objective linear programming model was used. Various streams of habitat in relation to timber management were examined. Large areas immediately set aside for habitat may, in fact, lead to long term declines as a result of poor initial stand conditions. Timber production, harvesting and various silvicultural activities will have a short term impact but lead to long-term sustainable habitat condition for this species.
Hierarchy of Fluctuation‐Dissipation Theorems for the Classical One‐Component Plasma

Department of Mathematics and Statistics & Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405Key words nonlinear ﬂuctuation-dissipation theorems, plasmaWe have derived tractable cubic (p = 3) and quartic (p = 4) ﬂuctuation-dissipation theorems for the classicalone-component plasma in a form that links a single (p+1)-point dynamical structure function to a linear com-bination of pth-order density response functions amenable to calculation from model plasma kinetic equations.For p  3, we note the emergence of ”remainder” contributions comprised of clusters of lower-order dynami-cal structure functions which can be ultimately traded for response functions vis-´a-vis the linear and quadraticFDTs. Our analysis provides insight into the structure of the FDT hierarchy.
Medicolegal Aspects of Asbestos-Related Diseases: A Plaintiff’s Attorney’s Perspective

The widespread production and use of asbestos, combined with the ambient nature of asbestos fibers and the debilitating effects of asbestos-related diseases, have caused unprecedented human suffering. This is not simply an American tragedy and it is not going away. The use of asbestos and asbestos-containing products continues throughout the world, including in the USA, and while the deadly consequences may be latent, they are no less inevitable.
BREAKOUT RESISTANCE OF OBJECTS EMBEDDED IN OCEAN BOTTOM

Soil resistance to withdrawal is found to be greatly affected by failure patterns. For relatively shallow anchors in undisturbed dense and stiff soils general shear along a convex, torical slip surface is observed. For remolded, compressible and semiliquid soils this pattern degenerates into a cylindrical surface. For deeply embedded objects punching shear failure is observed. In semiliquid soils this is accompanied by flow of soil into the vacuum created by withdrawal of the object. Theoretical analysis considering soil to be rigid-plastic near the surface and elastic-plastic at greater depth appears to give reasonable estimates in soft and loose soils; it underestimates the breakout resistance in stiff and dense soils. The least understood components of breakout force are those attributed to soil suction and adhesion between the object and surrounding soil. It appears that the problem of soil suction can be handled as a problem of pore-pressure difference on two sides of the pulled object.
Fast edge-routing for large graphs

To produce high quality drawings of graphs with nodes drawn as shapes it is important to find routes for the edges which do not intersect node boundaries. Recent work in this area involves finding shortest paths in a tangent-visibility graph. However, construction of the full tangent-visibility graph is expensive, at least quadratic time in the number of nodes. In this paper we explore two ideas for achieving faster edge routing using approximate shortest-path techniques.
HYCOM Consortium for Data-Assimilative Ocean Modeling

Abstract : The long-term goal is to make HYCOM (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model) a state of the art community ocean model with data assimilation capability that can (1) be used in a wide range of ocean-related research, (2) be used in a next generation eddy-resolving global ocean prediction system and (3) be coupled to a variety of other models, including littoral, atmospheric, ice and bio-chemical.
A novel temporal basis function for time domain integral equation solvers

A novel MOT temporal basis function designed for interpolating bandlimited signals, is proposed. The basis function proposed here derives from prolate spheroidal wave functions. It is shown that the interpolation error associated with the use of the proposed function can be made arbitrarily small, and decays exponentially fast as its duration and sampling rate increase. It is observed that for many reasonable choices of their construction parameters, the novel basis functions bear similarities to shifted Lagrange interpolating polynomials. The proposed basis function's principal advantage over shifted Lagrange interpolating polynomials arises in the context of the low-frequency TDIE solvers as the interpolated signals derived from it are automatically bandlimited.
Information Retrieval On Empty Fields

We explore the problem of retrieving semi-structured documents from a realworld collection using a structured query. We formally develop Structured Relevance Models (SRM), a retrieval model that is based on the idea that plausible values for a given field could be inferred from the context provided by the other fields in the record. We then carry out a set of experiments using a snapshot of the National Science Digital Library (NSDL) repository, and queries that only mention fields missing from the test data. For such queries, typical field matching would retrieve no documents at all. In contrast, the SRM approach achieves a mean average precision of over twenty percent.
Design of CMOS distributed circuits for multiband UWB wireless receivers [LNA and mixer]

This paper presents the design and fabrication of an LNA and a mixer for a multiband UWB wireless receiver using distributed circuit topologies. First, the design of a 3-stage CMOS distributed LNA circuit consisting of three cascode cells is introduced. Next, the design of a 2-stage CMOS distributed mixer consisting of two single-balanced cells is presented. The LNA and mixer circuits are separately designed and fabricated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The LNA circuit achieves a 2.9 dB NF over the entire 7.5 GHz BW. It exhibits a forward gain of 8 dB, and an IIP3 of -3.4 dBm. The mixer circuit is capable of covering the RF and LO frequencies over a wide range of frequencies from 3.1-8.72 GHz.
Maintaining Professionalism in Today's Business Environment: Ethical Challenges for the Pain Medicine Specialist

Objective. There are many external influences in today's market force that impair the relationship between the pain medicine specialist and the patient, and ultimately prevent optimal quality of care. This article explores the ethical challenges facing the pain medicine specialist in today's increasingly “business” environment and will offer solutions for maintaining the professionalism of pain medicine. Discussion. Four commonly encountered bioethical principles in the practice of pain medicine are reviewed: beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and autonomy. The following ethical challenges of the pain medicine specialist are reviewed: practicing outside ones specialty area, practice characteristics, the consultant role, the economic lure of aggressive intervention, not evaluating for and treating comorbid psychopathology, reimbursement pressures, workers' compensation, and use of unproven methods. Conclusions. Solutions offered include collegial associations, social responsibility, legislative initiatives, pain education, interdisciplinary evaluation and treatment, improved relationships with third-party payers, reduced racial disparities, and ethics education. Ethics is the “roadmap” that enables the pain medicine specialist to navigate the increasingly murky waters of practicing pain management today by maintaining the professionalism necessary to combat today's “business” pressures.
Design and synthesis of highly selective in vitro and in vivo uterine receptor antagonists of oxytocin: comparisons with Atosiban

We report the solid phase synthesis and some pharmacological properties of seven position two analogues (peptides 1-7) of one of our lead oxytocin antagonists, des-9-glycinamide[1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-pentamethylenepropionic+ ++ acid),2-O-methyltyrosine,4-threonine]ornithinevasotocin(desGly+ ++-NH2, d(CH2)5-[Tyr(Me)2,Thr4]OVT) (A). Peptides 1-7 have the following substituents at position two (1) D-Tyr(Me); (2) L-Tyr(Et); (3) D-Tyr(Et); (4) L-Tyr; (5) D-Tyr; (6) D-Phe and (7) D-Trp. These were evaluated for agonistic and antagonistic activities in in vitro and in vivo OT assays, in vivo vasopressor (V1a-receptor) assays and in vivo antidiuretic (V2-receptor) assays. None of the seven peptides exhibits oxytocic or vasopressor agonism. Peptides 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7 are extremely weak V2 agonists (V2 activities range from 0.001 to 0.02 U/mg). Peptides 3 and 5 exhibit weak V2 antagonism (pA2 < 6.0 and < 5.5, respectively). Peptides 1-7 exhibit potent in vitro (no Mg2+) OT antagonism (anti-OT pA2 values range from 7.66 to 8.03). Peptides 1 and 4-7 exhibit potent in vivo OT antagonism. Estimated in vivo anti-OT pA2 values range from 7.06 to 7.79 (peptides 2 and 3 were not tested). With anti-V1a pA2 values of 5.17-6.25 all seven peptides exhibit reduced anti-V1a potencies relative to the parent peptide (A) (anti-V1a pA2 = 6.46). Four of these peptides (4-7) exhibit striking gains in in vitro and in vivo anti-OT/anti-V1a selectivities compared to (A) which has an in vitro selectivity of 30 and an in vivo selectivity of 18. The D-Tyr2 (5), D-Trp2 (7), D-Phe2 (6) and L-Tyr2 (4) analogues of (A) exhibit anti-OT (in vitro)/anti-V1a selectivities = 240, 390, 404 and 540, respectively. The L-Tyr2 (4), D-Trp2 (7), D-Phe2 (6) and D-Tyr2 (5) analogues exhibited anti-OT (in vivo)/anti-V1a selectivities of 72, 80, 88 and 95, respectively. Peptides 4-7 appear to be the most selective peptide OT antagonists reported to date. In this regard it may be noted that they appear to be as or more potent and much more selective than the closely related OT antagonist 1-deamino[D-Tyr(Et)2,Thr4]OVT (Atosiban) which is currently undergoing clinical trial as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of premature labor. Atosiban (peptide 8) was resynthesized and pharmacologically evaluated in our laboratories. Atosiban exhibits the following antagonistic potencies. Anti-OT (in vitro, no Mg2+) pA2 = 7.71; anti-OT in vivo pA2 = 7.05; anti-V1a pA2 = 6.14 and anti-V2 pA2 approximately 5.9. Its anti-OT (in vivo)/anti-V1a selectivity is 8. Some of these antagonists may be suitable candidates for evaluation as potential tocolytic agents for use in the treatment of pre-term labor. They could also serve as useful new pharmacological tools for studies on the physiological roles of oxytocin. Finally, the findings presented here provide useful clues for the design of more potent and more selective OT antagonists.
Verification of L-Ascorbie-1-C14 Acid Catabolism to Carbon14 Dioxide in the Human by Liquid Scintillation Counting

ConclusionAs previously pointed out in the literature, a certain portion of ascorbic acid administered to the human could not be accounted for before the availability of radioactive compounds (13,14). We have shown that this unknown balance can now be accounted for as carbon dioxide excreted in the exhaled air. The catabolism of ascorbic acid is relatively slow in the human. An appreciable amount of radioactive ascorbic acid must therefore be ingested in order that the ca-tabolized carbon dioxide can be detected in man. It is therefore necessary to ingest quantities in the range of 1 μc of L-ascorbic-1-C14 acid per lb of body weight to measure ca-tabolized C14O2 in the expired air with an ionization chamber or a liquid scintillation spectrometer. Important contributions to human nutrition and the nutritional requirements of vit C may be derived from the demonstration of this new human excretory pathway in the catabolism of ascorbic acid.
Private Self-Consciousness, Canned Laughter, and Responses to Humorous Stimuli

Abstract Sefl-focused attention is hypothesized to (a) intensify emotional responses; (b) diminish susceptibility to suggestion; and (c) increase the consistency of self-report and behavior. These hypotheses were tested by having 82 undergraduates varying in private self-consciousness (PrSC) listen to humorous stimuli presented either with (laugh track group) or without (no laugh track group) canned laughter. Subjects' funniness ratings and overt laughter served as dependent measures. Regression analyses revealed that PrSC and funniness ratings were negatively correlated in the laugh track group, but uncorrelated in the no laugh track group. In contrast, PrSC and overt laughter were positively correlated in both groups. The association between funniness and laughter appeared stronger in high than in low PrSC subjects. Interpreted in light of research indicating that funniness ratings represent affect-free evaluations of humor stimuli, whereas laughter represents amusement, these results suggest that self-focus (a) intensified subjects' amusement; (b) decreased the extent to which their evaluations of the stimuli were biased by canned laughter; and (c) increased the consistency between their (self-reported) cognitive and (overt behavioral) affective responses (although this finding was equivocal).
Effects of college prestige on men's occupational status and income

This study assesses the effects of college social prestige and college selectivity on men's occupational status and income. The analyses are based on a national sample of men from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. College selectivity, but not college social prestige, has a significant impact on middle-aged men's income in a single year. Neither college social prestige nor selectivity, however, affect further growth in middle-aged men's income. Nor do they affect men's occupational status.
Bacterial production in freshwater sediments: Cell specific versus system measures.

Estimates of bacterial production based on total trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation and frequency of dividing cell (FDC) techniques were compared to sediment respiration rates in Lake George, New York. Bacterial growth rates based on thymidine incorporation ranged from 0.024 to 0.41 day−1, while rates based on FDC ranged from 1.78 to 2.48 day−1. Respiration rates ranged from 0.11 to 1.8μmol O2·hour−1·g dry weight sediment−1. Thymidine incorporation yielded production estimates which were in reasonable agreement with respiration rates. Production estimates based on FDC were 4- to 190-fold higher than those predicted from respiration rates.
Breast cancer: The appearance as delineated by whole breast water‐path ultrasound scanning

The sonographic appearance of 130 breast carcinomas imaged by a dedicated breast scanning system is reviewed. Five separate categories are identified and examples of each category with corresponding xeromammograms are presented.
Extremes in autoregressive processes with uniform marginal distributions

Abstract Chernick (1981) derives a limit theorem for the maximum term for a class of first order autoregressive processes with uniform marginal distributions. The parameter ϱ for these processes is equal to 1 r where r is an integer, r ⩾ 2. Based on this limit theorem, the asymptotic distribution of the minimum term and the joint asymptotic distribution of the maximum and minimum terms in the sequence are obtained. Since the condition D′(un) of Leadbetter (1974) fails, the condition of Davis (1979), D′(vn, un), also fails. Negatively correlated uniform sequences are shown to exist. Asymptotic distributions for the maximum and minimum terms in the sequence are derived and it is shown that the maximum and minimum are not asymptotically independent.
Human kallikrein gene delivery protects against gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Human kallikrein gene delivery protects against gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The tissue kallikrein-kinin system has been shown to play important roles in cardiovascular and renal function. The aim of this study was to investigate potential protective effects of kallikrein gene delivery in gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were injected subcutaneously with gentamycin daily for 10 to 14 days. Adenovirus, Ad.CMV-cHK carrying the human tissue kallikrein gene or Ad.CMV-LacZ carrying the β-galactosidase gene under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter, were delivered intravenously on the first day of gentamycin administration. The expression of human tissue kallikrein mRNA was identified in the kidney, aorta, heart and liver and immunoreactive human kallikrein levels were measured in the serum and urine of rats receiving kallikrein gene delivery. Adenovirus-mediated kallikrein gene delivery significantly increased the renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rates, and urine flow while it attenuated renal tubular damage, cellular necrosis, lumenal protein casts and reduced ventricular weight and cardiomyocyte size. Kallikrein gene delivery caused a decrease in blood urea nitrogen levels and increases in urinary kinin and nitrite/nitrate levels. This study shows that kallikrein gene delivery exhibits protection against gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity, and raises the potential for kallikrein gene therapy to treat drug-induced renal diseases.
Disease and depression in older medical patients

It was hypothesized that those with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus would likely have higher prevalence rates of self-reported depressive symptoms than those diagnosed with nonsystemic diseases in part due to the disability conferred by their diagnosis. Analysis indicated partial support, although, other factors may moderate this relationship.
1066: The Moment of Transition in Two Narratives of the Norman Conquest

Les deux textes etudies par l'A., la Vita Aedwardi Regis et la Vita Wulfstani, marquent une transition dans la narration historique qui se situe en 1066, date de la crise occasionnee par la conquete normande. Ces deux vitae narrent le moment de transition a deux niveaux : a un niveau diegetique ou niveau des evenements et a un niveau meta-narratif qui accompagne le niveau diegetique. Dans les deux textes, le sujet de la biographie est une figure nationale etroitement associee a la transition que constitue la regle normande. En soulignant la rupture de 1066, l'auteur de la Vita Wulfstani marque une autre sorte de transition, culturelle et narrative, qui est parallele a celle historique. Il s'agit de la fin de la culture anglo-saxonne et de l'avenement de la culture normande. Une meme strategie est presente dans la Vita Aedwardi Regis.
Signaling through IL-17C/IL-17RE Is Dispensable for Immunity to Systemic, Oral and Cutaneous Candidiasis

Candida albicans is a commensal fungal microbe of the human orogastrointestinal tract and skin. C. albicans causes multiple forms of disease in immunocompromised patients, including oral, vaginal, dermal and disseminated candidiasis. The cytokine IL-17 (IL-17A) and its receptor subunits, IL-17RA and IL-17RC, are required for protection to most forms of candidiasis. The importance of the IL-17R pathway has been observed not only in knockout mouse models, but also in humans with rare genetic mutations that impact generation of Th17 cells or the IL-17 signaling pathway, including Hyper-IgE Syndrome (STAT3 or TYK2 mutations) or IL17RA or ACT1 gene deficiency. The IL-17 family of cytokines is a distinct subclass of cytokines with unique structural and signaling properties. IL-17A is the best-characterized member of the IL-17 family to date, but far less is known about other IL-17-related cytokines. In this study, we sought to determine the role of a related IL-17 cytokine, IL-17C, in protection against oral, dermal and disseminated forms of C. albicans infection. IL-17C signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-17RA and IL-17RE subunits. We observed that IL-17C mRNA was induced following oral C. albicans infection. However, mice lacking IL-17C or IL-17RE cleared C. albicans infections in the oral mucosa, skin and bloodstream at rates similar to WT littermate controls. Moreover, these mice demonstrated similar gene transcription profiles and recovery kinetics as WT animals. These findings indicate that IL-17C and IL-17RE are dispensable for immunity to the forms of candidiasis evaluated, and illustrate a surprisingly limited specificity of the IL-17 family of cytokines with respect to systemic, oral and cutaneous Candida infections.
Abnormal rotatory dispersion of proteins in the far ultraviolet.

Abstract The optical rotatory dispersion of 32 proteins was studied using ultraviolet (UV) light, chiefly with the wavelengths of 220–350 mμ. A new model 80-AQ6 Rudolph spectropolarimeter with an improved monochromator and sensing photocell was used. Preliminary experiments with two monochromators in series also were made. Serum albumin, the amylases, aldolase, the growth hormones, carboxypeptidase, the dehydrogenases, as well as several other crystallized enzymes displayed Cotton effects with troughs at 225–250 mμ. The Cotton effect of albumin could be abolished by reduction of the disulfide bonds. Correlation of the dispersion data at 215–250 mμ with the dispersion constants ( λ c ) showed that proteins possessing high λ c values generally exhibited the strongest Cotton effect. Bence-Jones proteins, serum γ-globulin, the myeloma globulins, as well as β-casein, the luteinizing hormone, chymotrypsinogen, α-chymotrypsin, pepsin, trypsinogen, trypsin, soybean trypsin inhibitor, phosvitin, and ribonuclease did not show a definite Cotton effect at a sufficiently low protein concentration.
Nasolacrimal Drainage System Obstruction After Orbital

We reviewed 123 cases of orbital decompression in 63 patients with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. Of 90 cases of transantral ethmoidal orbital decompression, 14 (16%) resulted in epiphora. The tearing began between 11 and 18 months after surgery. All patients had obstruction distal to the common internal punctum. The delayed onset suggested progressive cicatricial obstruction of the nasolacrimal drainage system. Damage to adjacent tissues probably caused scarring to extend into the system.
Paramagnetic silver clusters in irradiated AgA molecular sieves

Abstract Three paramagnetic silver clusters have been detected in γ-irradiated 4A molecular sieve loaded with silver. These clusters are identified as Ag2+, Ag32+, and Ag6+. Ag32+ is triangular, 2A′1 in D3h symmetry, having equal hyperfine interactions with three silver nuclei. Ag6+ belongs to the octahedral point group (Oh) and shows 180 MHz hyperfine interactions with six equivalent 107Ag nuclei, and 13 MHz hyperfine interactions with a surrounding cube of eight 107Ag nuclei. It is concluded that the ground state of Ag6+ is probably 4A1u.
Investigation of Bonding Condition in Concrete Overlay by Laboratory Testing, Finite Element Modeling, and Field Evaluation

To evaluate the effect of bonded versus unbonded condition in concrete overlay structure, a field evaluation, laboratory experiment, and 3-D finite element analysis (FEA) model were carried out. First, a field evaluation of bonded and unbonded pavement test sections in Iowa was performed. Cores were extracted from existing pavements and tested for their bond strengths with shear testing equipment. The bond strength between an overlay and the existing pavement gradually increased over time, regardless of the initial bond strength. In some cases, an insufficient bond shear strength at the interface between the concrete overlay and the existing pavement seemed to have contributed to increased distress on the overlay surface. Second, a laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate an effect of bonding in pavement structure. Concrete cylinder specimens that were one-half regular concrete and one-half polymer concrete were fabricated, and their indirect tensile strength was measured at the bonding interfac...
Wing kinematics measurement and aerodynamics of free-flight maneuvers in drone-flies

The time courses of wing and body kinematics of two free-flying drone-flies, as they performed saccades, were measured using 3D high-speed video, and the morphological parameters of the wings and body of the insects were also measured. The measured wing kinematics was used in a Navier–Stokes solver to compute the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the insects. The main results are as following. (1) The turn is mainly a 90° change of heading. It is made in about 10 wingbeats (about 55 ms). It is of interest to note that the number of wingbeats taken to make the turn is approximately the same as and the turning time is only a little different from that of fruitflies measured recently by the same approach, even if the weight of the droneflies is more than 100 times larger than that of the fruitflies. The long axis of body is about 40° from the horizontal during the maneuver. (2) Although the body rotation is mainly about a vertical axis, a relatively large moment around the yaw axis (axis perpendicular to the long axis of body), called as yaw moment, is mainly needed for the turn, because moment of inertial of the body about the yaw axis is much larger than that about the long axis. (3) The yaw moment is mainly produced by changes in wing angles of attack: in a right turn, for example, the dronefly lets its right wing to have a rather large angle of attack in the downstroke (generally larger than 50°) and a small one in the upstroke to start the turn, and lets its left wing to do so to stop the turn, unlike the fruitflies who generate the yaw moment mainly by changes in the stroke plane and stroke amplitude.
Two-Dimensional Ladder Network Resonators

Abstract A broad class of radiofrequency resonators is identified by a correspondence between their associated eigenvalue problems and those of discrete two-dimensional coupled harmonic oscillators. The utility of the theory as a tool for describing complex circuit designs is demonstrated by the explicit treatment of the subclass of M × N square-mesh planar resonators. The success of the electromechanical analogy and boundary-value analysis in describing these structures combined with the fact that they are easy to build and evaluate underscores their potential applicability to magnetic resonance studies.
On preferences with infinitely many subjective states

Models with subjective state spaces have been extremely useful in capturing novel psychological phenomena that consist of both a preference for flexibility and for commitment. Interpreting the utility representations of preferences as capturing these phenomena requires one to use the notion of a sign of a state. For linear preferences, we completely characterise the sign of a state in terms of its analytic representation as an integral with respect to a signed measure. In models with finitely many states, a state is either positive or negative, but never both. We show that in models with infinitely many states, a state can be both positive and negative. Thus, models with finitely many states may not capture all the behavioural features of an infinite model. Our methods are also useful in constructing utility functionals over menus with desired local properties.
The control of cell death in the early chick embryo wing bud

Developmentally programmed cell death occurs in several regions of the chick wing bud. We have studied the nature and control of this cell death in vitro in tissues from two of these regions, the posterior necrotic zone (PNZ) and the opaque patch (OP). When tissue from these regions is excised prior to normal cell death and placed into organ culture, cell death ensues. Under these conditions, cell death in tissue from both of these regions is inhibited by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). The only other growth factor we have found to have this function is insulin-like growth factor-II. Cell death in tissue from the OP and PNZ occurs by apoptosis, as indicated by the internucleosomal degradation of DNA and the inhibition of cell death by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. If cell death is inhibited by FGF-2 and then the growth factor is washed away, a compensatory burst of cell death occurs in the PNZ tissue but not the OP tissue. This finding may indicate that in the PNZ, a death program progresses in the face of FGF-2 inhibition, resulting in more cells on the brink of death when the growth factor is removed.
Taxonomic review of Cratocerus Dejean, 1829 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with the description of six new species

A diagnosis of the South and Central American genus Cratocerus Dejean (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and a key to all species is provided. Eight species are recognized including six species that are newly described: Cratocerus sinesetosus sp. n. from French Guiana and Peru; Cratocerus multisetosus sp. n. from Costa Rica and Panama; Cratocerus tanyae sp. n. from Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Mexico; Cratocerus indupalmensis sp. n. a species widely distributed throughout Central and South America; Cratocerus kavanaughi sp. n. from French Guiana and Peru; and Cratocerus culpepperi sp. n. from Peru. A lectotype for Cratocerus sulcatus Chaudoir is designated. Habitus images are provided along with illustrations and images of male genitalia, female genitalia, and diagnostic morphological characters.
Is there a preferred antihypertensive therapy for isolated systolic hypertension and reduced arterial compliance

Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is the most common type of hypertension and the most difficult type to control with antihypertensive therapy. ISH, by definition, is wide pulse pressure hypertension resulting largely from excessive large artery stiffness and representing an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the older aged population. Two major intervention studies of ISH have shown significant benefit in reducing systolic blood pressure with active drug therapy, including thiazide diuretics and calcium receptor antagonists. The optimal treatment strategy is to maximize reduction in systolic blood pressure and to minimize reduction in diastolic blood pressure, thereby reducing pulse pressure. All classes of antihypertensive drugs reduce pulse pressure by means of lowering peripheral resistance, but certain drugs like nitrates, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and other drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system have multiple actions that improve large artery stiffness and early wave reflection and are especially useful in treating ISH in the elderly.
FLOOD INUNDATION IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES FROM AIRCRAFT AND SATELLITE IMAGERY

: Panchromatic black and white, color, and color infrared photographs and thermal infrared imagery are compared for a capability to show flood boundaries. In open agricultural and urban areas, these boundaries are easily delineated on all types of am. Boundaries are more difficult to see in wooded areas. In March, hardwood trees are dormant, but black and white photographs and color photographs show only the tops of these trees. Color infrared photographs in January and March have a distinctive color or tone in inundated woods; the limit of this tone is the flood boundary. Daytime thermal infrared imagery in March shows that inundated woods are cooler than dry land but warmer than open water. After about April 1, both color infrared photography and thermal infrared imagery show only the top of the tree canopy and do not reflect underlying flood water. Inundated areas can be delineated easily on ERTS satellite imagery from December through March. On imagery from May 4–5, 1973, however, most inundation boundaries had to be drawn as dashed lines; the tree canopy obscures flood waters in wooded areas. Despite this problem, the results of mapping flood boundaries on May imagery are believed to be reasonable for the scale of the imagery.
Relationship of altered vascular volumes to plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids in dogs.

SummaryThe rapid removal of 10% and 25% blood volume in anesthetized dogs (sodium pentobarbital) produced a marked rise in peripheral 17-OHCS when reported as γ/100 ml or γ/plasma volume, whereas the expansion of vascular volumes by 10% and 25% with dextran caused only slight increases in steroid levels. In the 10% hemorrhagic group, 17-OHCS increased without a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure. In animals which were hemorrhaged 5% of their blood volume every 10 minutes until 35% had been removed, 17-OHCS progressively increased and became significant only after 25% hemorrhage. The alterations in peripheral plasma 17-OHCS which occur during the expansion or reduction of vascular volumes are better described when these values are corrected for circulating plasma volume.
The influence of social (mis)information on memory for behavior in an employment interview.

Abstract We examined the impact of misinformation on memory for behavioral information in a social decision making context. In the initial study, 70 subjects viewed an 18-minute simulated employment interview, evaluated the interviewee, and then provided group ratings using their own evaluations and two other evaluations containing misinformation (misled group) or no misinformation (control group). The results of this study revealed that misled subjects were quite accepting of the misinformation, and were highly confident that the misinformation was true. In a supplemental experimental condition, a separate group of 23 subjects was given the same misinformation as the misled group. However, this group was alerted to the fact that they had received some misinformation, prior to completing a recognition memory test. This misled-informed group exhibited the same degree of accuracy as the control group, suggesting that the misinformation effects observed for the original misled group were due to social influence, rather than memory interference or source-attribution errors.
Lung cancer and phosphates

Abstract In the United States, counties with phosphate mining or processing facilities frequently also have significantly elevated rates of mortality from lung cancer. To deduce this result, the locations of areas having high mortality rates from lung cancer have been compared with those containing phosphate deposits, mines, or processing plants. The results for both white and nonwhite populations show correlations which are improbable by pure chance. They should be examined on a site-by-site basis to establish whether 222Rn emissions from 226Ra are a significant factor in the elevated cancer mortality.