cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying Physical Assessment Skills and Their Relative Importance in Faculty-Based Pharmacy Practice Settings within the Same Region

Background:As pharmacy educators, it is the responsibility of the faculty to prepare student pharmacists, through education, for the variety of opportunities that will be available to them after graduation. This education can be provided by incorporating standards set forth by the Accreditation Council on Pharmacy Education (ACPE), as well as by working with fellow educators at other schools of pharmacy within the region or across the country. This article summarizes data collected regarding physical assessment skills from pharmacy practice faculty within the Northeast region.Objective:To identify how often physical assessment skills are applied and their importance to pharmacy practice faculty practicing in various pharmacy settings, to use the data collected from pharmacy practice faculty to standardize which physical assessment skills should be used for training student pharmacists, and to use the collected data to assist in the development of guidelines that highlight core competencies in physical ass...
Unified Theory for the Bending and Buckling of Sandwich Shells Application to Axially Compressed, Circular Cylinder Shells

Abstract : A variational development of the governing equations and boundary conditions for the bending and buckling of sandwich curved plates and shells is presented. The theory is applicable to sandwich construction of the honeycomb type and may be used to describe bending, buckling, and postbuckling behavior. With the coupled effects of core transverse shear and normal strain included, the theory reflects the presence of 8 degrees of freedom and 2 constraining conditions. Nine boundary conditions per curved plate or shell edge can be specified; apart from the four of the usual type for each of the sandwich facing elements, in terms of either a generalized force or displacement, a condition for either the shear loading or the average displacement of the core is obtained. The governing equations, specialized for small-displacement buckling, are applied to the case of axial compression of circular cylindrical shells. The unified theory analysis reflects three modes of buckling: classical general instability and both symmetric and antisymmetric wrinkling.
Development of hyporesponsiveness of natural killer cells to augmentation of activity after multiple treatments with biological response modifiers.

Four biological response modifiers (BRMs), MVE-2 (maleic anhydride divinyl ether), Corynebacterium parvum (C. Parvum), PolyICLC (polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid stabilized with poly-l-lysine), and mouse αβ-interferon (αβ-IFN), were tested to assess whether repeated treatments would repeatedly induce or sustain augmented levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity and/or macrophage (M0)-mediated inhibition of tumor cell growth. In contrast to a significant increase in splenic NK activity obtained with a single treatment with each of the agents, multiple treatments with these BRMs led to a progressive decrease in the degree of augmentation of NK activity. In contrast, multiple injections with these agents resulted in sustained augmentation of M0-mediated reactivity. Separation of the spleen cells by Percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation indicated that with mice treated once with each BRM high levels of NK activity were detected in the lower density fractions and that these fractions contained a higher percentage of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) than that found in comparable fractions from normal mice. In contrast, cells in the lower density fractions from mice that received multiple treatments had decreased NK activity and an appreciably lower proportion of LGLs. These results indicate that the development of hyporesponsiveness to augmentation of splenic NK-cell activity following multiple treatments with BRMs may be attributable to a decreased percentage of LGLs, the effector cell population responsible for NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Thermodynamics of type II superconductors near H/sub c/2 (T) and scaling law

Thouless' theory on the critical behavior of type II superconductors is extended for all temperatures. It is shown that, except for the dirty superconductors, where the scaling field $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{s}={(\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{s})}_{\mathrm{GL}}$, the scaling field requires an additional temperature dependent coefficient $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ [i.e., $\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{s}=\ensuremath{\lambda}{(\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{s})}_{\mathrm{GL}}$]. Here ${(\ensuremath{\Delta}{H}_{s})}_{\mathrm{GL}}$ is the generalized version of the Ginzburg-Landau expression introduced by Thouless. The parameter $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is calculated for clean type II superconductors and for high-field type II superconductors with strong Pauli paramagnetism.
The Place in Papal History of the Roman Synod of 826

The ecciesiological problem posed by the authority of the pope in the Roman church is almost as old as the church itself. Likewise, the bases for the exercise of authority by the pope have long been a matter of dispute not only among churchmen but also among scholars. However, it can be stated with certainty that during the most critical years in papal history, the period from the mid-eleventh to the late fourteenth centuries, the papacy gained, and then lost, a considerable measure of leadership in western Europe. Most of the gains came as the popes affirmed what they interpreted to be their spiritual prerogatives—mention may be made, for example, of the priestly power to judge a penitent even if that penitent were a German emperor or a king of England—in a world which called its states regni Christianissimi and imperii Christianorum and assigned to its rulers similarly religious appellations.1 The losses resulted from an increasing secularization of the affairs of state and from a loss of the urgency once attendant upon the appeals and protestations of the papacy.2
Radiotherapeutic management of adult intraspinal ependymomas

Twenty-two adults with ependymomas of the spinal cord were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation between January 1963 and December 1983. The median age was 47 years. Nineteen patients had grade 1 lesions, two had grade 2 and one grade 3. Ten patients had the myxopapillary histologic subtype (all grade 1) and 12 had the cellular variant. There were 15 distal cord lesions originating from the conus medullaris, filum terminale and/or cauda equina. The remaining seven lesions arose more proximally. Fourteen patients had localized lesions involving one to three vertebral segments, while the remaining eight had extensive ependymomas spanning six to thirteen vertebral segments. The median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 3 years. Surgical treatment consisted of biopsy only in three patients, subtotal removal in eleven patients and total removal in eight patients. Radiation was given to the spine only in all cases. Five patients received whole spine radiation; seventeen received partial spine treatment, appropriate for the length of the primary lesion. The median dose was 5000 cGy (range 3600-5700 cGy). The disease free survival at 5 and 10 years was 81 and 71%, respectively. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 95%. Seven of twenty-two (32%) patients failed. Factors analyzed for prognostic significance included age, sex, histology, extent of primary, location of primary within the cord, extent of surgical resection and dose. Too few grade 2 and 3 patients precluded meaningful statistical analysis of grade as a prognostic factor. Neither age, sex, histology, extent of primary, location of primary, nor extent of surgical removal significantly affected disease free or overall survival (p greater than 0.05). Four of nineteen (21%) patients with grade 1 lesions failed, while all three patients with grade 2 and 3 lesions did so. Half of the eight patients with extensive ependymomas failed compared to three of fourteen (21%) with limited ones. Six of seventeen (35%) patients failed at doses less than or equal to 5000 cGy while only one of five (20%) failed at doses greater than 5000 cGy. Patterns of failure were analyzed for the seven patients who failed. Six of the seven failures (86% of the failure group, 27% of the overall group) were local, that is, within the initial radiation field at the site of the original tumor. A single patient (grade 2) failed in the posterior fossa while remaining NED in the spinal cord (a head CT scan at initial work-up was negative).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Major Depression Can Be Prevented.

The 2009 Institute of Medicine report on prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders (National Research Council & Institute of Medicine, 2009b) presented evidence that major depression can be prevented. In this article, we highlight the implications of the report for public policy and research. Randomized controlled trials have shown that the incidence of major depressive episodes can be significantly reduced. Meta-analyses suggest that 22% to 38% of major depressive episodes could be prevented with currently available methods. We argue that if major depressive episodes can be prevented, the health care system should provide routine access to evidence-based depression prevention interventions, just as it provides inoculations for other common and debilitating health problems. At the same time, researchers should pursue the major directions advocated by the Institute of Medicine report to increase the enduring effectiveness of future prevention interventions. These directions include taking a developmental perspective, learning to identify groups at high risk, and testing evidence-based interventions that are likely to have the widest reach. Scientific evidence has shown that clinical depression can be averted. Our societies must take action to reduce clinical depression to the lowest possible level. This article is one of three in a special section (see also Biglan, Flay, Embry, & Sandler, 2012; Yoshikawa, Aber, & Beardslee, 2012) representing an elaboration on a theme for prevention science developed by the 2009 report of the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine.
Silicon Nanowire Thermoelectrics

Heat dissipation in fundamentally modified in nanoscale materials, leading to new opportunities for high efficiency thermoelectric materials designed for energy conversion. I will review recent work in 3 classes of materials, including Si nanowire thermoelectrics.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Containing a Weak Polyacid: Construction and Deconstruction

The growth of multilayers made from a combination of a weak polyacid and a strongly dissociated polycation is studied as a function of salt concentration and molecular weight. Film thickness reaches a maximum at around 0.3 M salt and then decreases quickly. Preformed multilayers are shown to decompose rapidly and, for high molecular weights, completely when exposed to aqueous solutions of NaCl of concentration >0.6 M. The apparent dissociation of multilayer polyelectrolyte complexes is due to competition for polymer/polymer ion pairs by external salt ions. Similar experiments aimed at decomposing multilayers by protonating the weak acid, thus decreasing polymer/polymer interactions, lead to incomplete loss of polymer, probably due to additional hydrogen bonding from the protonated weak acid. A model based on ion exchange/swelling of multilayers is used to explain their stability and permeability as well as the dependence of film thickness on salt concentration and type.
Cost optimization and experimental design in milling using surrogate models and value of information

Abstract Tool wear experiments are necessary for tool life model development and cost optimization. However, tool wear experiments are costly and time-consuming, thereby limiting the number of tool life evaluations as a function of machining parameters. This paper describes an approach for experimental design for tool life testing and machining cost optimization in milling using surrogate modeling and the value of information method. The machining cost in milling was modeled using a kriging surrogate. The machining cost function was evaluated using experimental tool life results and was considered to be the “true” function. The value of information, expressed as expected reduction in machining cost optimum after experiment, was used to identify optimal test parameters for tool life experiments. The procedure to calculate value of information is demonstrated using a one-dimensional cost function. Results show a convergence to the true optimum in two and three dimensions. The value of information criterion balances local search by exploiting where the cost function is minimum and global search by exploring where the prediction uncertainty is high. The method performs better than the traditional statistical design of experiments such as Taguchi orthogonal arrays, central composite design, and factorial designs, especially in three or more dimensions.
Changes In Surface Figure Due To Thermal Hysteresis

Thermal cycling hysteresis affects surface figure in low-expansivity mirror substrates. Zerodur, ULE, and Cer-Vit 8-in.-diameter mirrors and dilatometer samples were thermally cycled at uniform rates of 6 K/hr and 60 K/hr, and somewhat faster for nonuniform heating. Figure distortions as large as λ/10 were observed following nonuniform heating of standard Zerodur, which was the only material exhibiting thermal hysteresis. A new experimental Zerodur appears to be free of this problem.
Impact of Perioperative Glycemic Control Strategy on Patient Survival After Coronary Bypass Surgery

Background Glycemic control in the perioperative period decreases mortality and morbidity, but data are scarce with regard to the effects of glucose control approaches on survival. We assessed long-term survival in patients treated with 2 strategies of glucose control after first-time isolated coronary artery bypass graft. Methods In a previously published trial, patients were prospectively randomized to strict (90–120 mg/dL) or liberal (121–180 mg/dL) glucose control protocols. The aim of this study was to assess long-term data on survival and health-related quality of life based on the original prospective randomized study population. Results No differences were found in cumulative survival between the strict (95.5%) and liberal (93.5%) target range groups (log-rank = 0.32, p = 0.57) over a mean follow-up of 40.0 ± 4.4 months. Physical health-related quality of life significantly improved in all patients from baseline to 6 months after surgery ( F = 17.73, p F = 0.15, p = 0.70). Conclusions These results support our previous findings and indicate that a liberal glycemic control strategy after coronary artery bypass leads to survival rates and improvements in health-related quality of life that are similar to those achieved with a strict target range. In addition, the liberal strategy is superior in glucose control and target range management.
Insider/Outsider Research Teams Collaboration Across Diverse Perspectives

The authors propose that research teams in which one or more members are relative insiders to a setting and one or more members are relative outsiders offer distinct advantages for integrating dive...
The 1,8-Bis(2′-pyridyl)-3,6-dithiaoctane Complex of Rhodium(III)

The tetradentate ligand 1,8-bis(2′-pyridyl)-3,6-dithiaoctane (Pdto) forms a pseudooctahedral structure with rhodium(III). The yellow racemic [Rh(Pdto)Cl2](CF3SO3) compound belongs to the Pbca space group with a = 13.566(15), b = 15.6588(16), c = 21.473(2) A, and Z = 8. The Rh–S bonds are shorter than is usual, while the pyridine rings are mutually trans and form an interplanar angle of 24°. The yellow racemic Rh(III) complex [Rh(Pdto)Cl2]+ possesses a pseudooctahedral structure with relatively short Rh–S bonds, in which the pyridine rings are mutually trans and form an interplanar angle of 24°.
A latent form of protein phosphatase 1 α associated with bovine heart myofibrils

The catalytic subunit of the major protein phosphatase associated with bovine cardiac myofibrils was purified to homogeneity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme revealed only one band with an apparent molecular weight of 37 000. On gel filtration chromatography, the phosphatase activity and the protein co-eluted as a single peak with an apparent molecular weight of 37 000. The purified enzyme was identified as the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1, as determined by sensitivity to inhibitor 1, inhibitor 2, okadaic acid and by specific immunostaining. Evidence obtained with specific antipeptide antibodies demonstrated that this myofibril protein phosphatase was predominately the α isoform of protein phosphatase 1. The purified catalytic subunit was completely inactive. It was activated by pretreatment with Co2+/trypsin in the presence of high ionic strength. Treatment with trypsin alone did not activate the latent enzyme. The enzyme was also activated by Co2+ or Mn2+ alone but not by Ca2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ or Zn2+. Activation of the enzyme was not reversed by removal of Co2+, but Mn2+-activated phosphatase activity was partially reversed when Mn2+ was removed. The catalytic subunit could form a 1:1 complex with inhibitor 2 in vitro. The resulting holoenzyme was also activated by pretreatment with Co2+. Since phosphatase 1α is the major phosphatase associated with cardiac myofibril, it is suggested that it is responsible for the dephosphorylation of myosin and other myofibril phosphoproteins.
From records to data with viewshare: An argument, an interface, a design

Editor's Summary Viewshare is a platform designed to support the work of cultural heritage institutions in their efforts to share data, dynamically visualize their collections and access and discover items. It was developed as a free and open tool for partners of the National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program. Its central goal is to reveal patterns within collections to lead to new understanding. Viewshare features a simple and intuitive interface and limited requirements for technical skills, and it supports a wide variety of digital collections and metadata types. Its users establish custom metadata, import and enhance collection data and create their own interface to support dynamic and interactive views of their digital collections. The process is illustrated with the Fulton Street Trade Card Collection from the Brooklyn Public Library.
Fan out and speed of GaAs SDFL logic

Analyses the fan-out capability and speed of a Schottky diode-FET logic (SDFL) gate in the context of an analytical model which links the fan-out to the parameters of the pull-up, pull-down, and switching transistors, and to the supply voltages. The analysis shows that for higher fan-outs increasing the pull-up to pull-down current ratio should increase the speed; and that to some extent the maximum fan-out can be increased by raising the positive supply voltage. It also demonstrates the decrease in the logic swing with the increase of the fan-out. Computer simulation of inverter chains and ring oscillators with different fan-outs is in good agreement both with the analytical model and experimental results. The results lead to an approximate relation between the time delay per gate and fan-out for an SDLF gate.
Nucleosome occupancy landscape and dynamics at mouse recombination hotspots

During meiosis, paternal and maternal homologous chromosomes recombine at specific recombination sites named hotspots. What renders 2% of the mammalian genomes permissive to meiotic recombination by allowing Spo11 endonuclease to initiate double-strand breaks is largely unknown. Work in yeast has shown that chromatin accessibility seems to be important for this activity. Here, we define nucleosome profiles and dynamics at four mouse recombination hotspots by purifying highly enriched fractions of meiotic cells. We found that nucleosome occupancy is generally stable during meiosis progression. Interestingly, the cores of recombination hotspots have largely open chromatin structure, and the localization of the few nucleosomes present in these cores correlates precisely with the crossover-free zones in recombinogenic domains. Collectively, these high-resolution studies suggest that nucleosome occupancy seems to direct, at least in part, how meiotic recombination events are processed.
Treatment of stage D bladder cancer with adjuvant doxorubicin hydrochloride and radiation

pathologic Stage D bladder cancer was recognized in 16 patients by evaluation tissue obtained by radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (7), pelvic lymph node dissection (3) or biopsies (3), ileal conduit and pelvic lymph node biopsy (1), or transurethral biopsy of the bladder and prostate (2). Treatment of these patients with radiation preceded and followed by doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) was initiated three to four weeks postoperatively. The treatment regimen consisted of the following: (1) doxorubicin 60 mg/M2 intravenously every three weeks for three cycles; (2) 5,000 rad external radiation to the whole pelvis in five to six weeks; and (3) doxorubicin for five cycles. The mean survival was twenty-three months. The survival rate was as follows: one year, 10 of 15 patients at risk; two years, 6 of 11; three years, 5 of 9; four years, 1 of 4; and five years, 0 of 2. Ten patients died six to thirty-six months (mean 13.6) postoperatively. In 6 of the patients significant obstruction of small bowel developed. These preliminary observations indicate encouraging therapeutic results with an acceptable morbidity for this regimen.
Psychosocial Adjustment Among Low-Income Latina Cervical Cancer Patients

Cancer-related coping strategies and social support, life stress, and optimism were tested in regression analyses as predictors of depression, affect, and quality of life among 54 low-income, immigrant Latina cervical cancer patients. Sixty-seven percent of the patients endorsed symptoms similar to diagnosable depression. Predictors significantly accounted for 35% to 54% of the variance in outcomes. Cancer-related coping strategies were found to mediate several of the relations between life stress, social support, and optimism and outcomes. Findings emphasize the need to consider the context within which patients live when assessing adjustment to cancer and developing culturally-sensitive interventions.
Parameter Estimation and Optimization of a Loosely Bound Aggregating Pharmaceutical Crystallization Using in Situ Infrared and Laser Backscattering Measurements

Model-based experimental design and parameter estimation, coupled with in situ infrared and laser backscattering instrumentation, was applied to the cooling crystallization of a drug compound to construct a model for use in the design of an optimal operating procedure. Because the model was constructed completely from in situ sensor data, with no sampling procedures, the amount of pharmaceutical compound required for batch process development was significantly reduced. Modeling issues involving the selection of the expressions for the supersaturation and nucleation rate, as well as the electronics mode in the laser backscattering instrument, were explored. All but one of the kinetic parameters from the gray-box model constructed using laser backscattering data were close to the kinetic parameters for a first-principles model constructed from data from off-line particle size measurements. The model was used to design batch operating procedures to minimize nucleation and maximize the sharpness of the crystal size distribution. This appears to be the first time that the procedure of model-based experimental design, parameter estimation, model selection, and optimization has been applied to the crystallization of a pharmaceutical, as well as the first time that this procedure has been applied to a crystallization process that forms loosely bound aggregates.
Mitral valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair after cardiac transplantation

Efforts aimed at limiting the pool of cardiac retransplantation candidates have focused increasingly on attempts to preserve cardiac allograft function. The present report reviews the course of a patient who underwent mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty for bivalvular incompetence after cardiac transplantation and examines the limited reported world experience with valve replacement after transplantation. The limited yet successful experiences with these and other operations in cardiac allograft recipients suggest that worsening donor organ shortages will likely lead to increased clinical experience with conventional operations in the transplanted heart.
Differential induction of activation markers in macrophage cell lines by interferon-γ

Macrophage cell lines were used in these studies as a model system to dissect the biochemical and functional mosaic of the macrophage activation process. In particular, the requirements for the induction of tumoricidal and bactericidal activity in the RAW 264.7 and WEHI-3 cell lines by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined. Changes in expression of a series of macrophage markers traditionally associated with macrophage activation were monitored during stimulation of the cells in order to determine whether a detectable pattern of activation-associated changes is associated with the development of a particular functional activity. These markers included changes in the cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex-encoded Class I and Class II antigens and antigens in the Mac-1/LFA-1 family, alterations in the levels of membrane enzymes (5' nucleotidase and alkaline phosphodiesterase), and production of secretory products including hydrogen peroxide and the monokines interleukin-1, interferons-alpha/beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Our results demonstrate that a given homogeneous macrophage population expresses a distinct subset of functional activities in response to single, defined activating signals such as IFN-gamma and LPS. The display of a variety of macrophage surface antigens, enzymes, and secreted products is activated simultaneously by such treatment; however, the particular pattern of such activation-associated markers cannot reproducibly be used to predict the ability of an activated cell to perform a particular function. The results also suggest that macrophage cell lines expressing differential response patterns following IFN-gamma stimulation provide a valuable system for dissection of the molecular and cell biology of macrophage activation.
Academic Season Does Not Influence Cardiac Surgical Outcomes at US Academic Medical Centers

Background Previous studies have demonstrated the influence of academic season on outcomes in select surgical populations. However, the influence of academic season has not been evaluated nationwide in cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that cardiac surgical outcomes were not significantly influenced by time of year at both cardiothoracic teaching hospitals and non–cardiothoracic teaching hospitals nationwide. Study Design From 2003 to 2007, a weighted 1,614,394 cardiac operations were evaluated using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Patients undergoing cardiac operations at cardiothoracic teaching and non–cardiothoracic teaching hospitals were identified using the Association of American Medical College's Graduate Medical Education Tracking System. Hierarchic multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the effect of academic quarter on risk-adjusted outcomes. Results Mean patient age was 65.9 ± 10.9 years. Women accounted for 32.8% of patients. Isolated coronary artery bypass grafting was the most common operation performed (64.7%), followed by isolated valve replacement (19.3%). The overall incidence of operative mortality and composite postoperative complication rate were 2.9% and 27.9%, respectively. After accounting for potentially confounding risk factors, timing of operation by academic quarter did not independently increase risk-adjusted mortality (p = 0.12) or morbidity (p = 0.24) at academic medical centers. Conclusions Risk-adjusted mortality and morbidity for cardiac operations were not associated with time of year in the US at teaching and nonteaching hospitals. Patients should be reassured of the safety of performance of cardiac operations at academic medical centers throughout a given academic year.
What signals are generated by anti-CD20 antibody therapy?

Immunotherapy with rituximab (a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody), alone or in combination with chemotherapy, has improved the treatment outcome of patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), but the in vivo mechanisms by which rituximab exerts its effects have not been elucidated. The mechanisms underlying resistance are not known. In addition to the proposed actions mediated by rituximab (such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and apoptosis), rituximab may signal the tumor cells and inhibit constitutively activated survival signaling pathways (Raf-1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and Akt), resulting in inhibition of cell growth and of selectively anti-apoptotic gene products such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. The inhibition of these anti-apoptotic gene products by rituximab sensitizes drug-resistant tumor cells to apoptosis induced by a variety of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. Also, rituximab sensitizes NHL cells to apoptosis resulting from upregulation of death receptors, implicating a novel in vivo role of host involvement in rituximab-mediated effects. We have developed rituximab-resistant clones that do not respond to rituximab-mediated cell signaling. The clones exhibited hyperactivated cell survival pathways and overexpression of anti-apoptotic gene products and could not be chemosensitized by rituximab. Inhibitors of the survival signaling pathways reverse drug resistance in both wildtype cells and resistant clones. These findings identify several novel intracellular pathways modifyed by rituximab that sensitize NHL cells to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy, as well as several therapeutic targets whose modifications reverse resistance. These findings have clinical relevance for both prognosis and novel treatment strategies for patients with NHL.
Effects of acute and chronic administration of methylphenidate on lidocaine convulsions in mice.

Abstract The reports about lidocaine and methylphenidate interactions and the wide usage of both drugs suggest a possibility of convulsive interaction between lidocaine and methylphenidate. The dose-response curves of lidocaine, methylphenidate, lidocaine in combination with 30 mg/kg methylphenidate, and lidocaine in mice chronically treated with 30 mg/kg/per day methylphenidate were plotted and compared. The median convulsant dose ( cd 50) for lidocaine was determined to be 64 mg/kg, for methylphenidate 100 mg/kg, for lidocaine in combination with methylphenidate 47.50 mg/kg and for lidocaine in chronically-treated mice 57.70 mg/kg. The first three curves did not significantly deviate from parallelism, but the relative potencies were significantly different from each other. The dose-response curve of lidocaine in chronically-treated mice did significantly deviate from the other curves. This study showed significant effects of acute and chronic administration of methylphenidate on lidocaine convulsions. These findings suggest a need for precaution against possible interactions between lidocaine and methylphenidate.
IS ZONING A POSITIVE‐SUM GAME?

Zoning is typically deemed a negative‐sum game accompanied by a call for the establishment of a market for development rights. Using a formal one‐stage game of a typical zoning lottery, I demonstrate that zoning is not exclusively negative‐sum, but can also be positive‐sum, even with internalized social costs.
Templated pores in hydrogels for improved size selectivity in gel permeation chromatography.

The pore structures of cross-linked polyacrylamide gels can be altered by polymerizing in the presence of high concentrations of unreactive, micellar surfactant cosolutes which act as “templates”. Removal of surfactant after polymerization is expected to leave pores with the approximate shape and dimensions of the surfactant micelles. A simple model was developed to simulate gel permeation chromatography (GPC) separations of globular proteins on templated gels. The model assumes that the partition coefficient for sieving of a protein is equal to the fraction of gel volume accessible to a sphere with a radius equal to the protein Stokes radius. The total gel volume is considered to include a fraction that is a conventional, random gel matrix and a remaining fraction contributed by templated pores. The pore size distribution of the conventional gel was estimated using the Ogston equation, which approximates the matrix as a random collection of long, thin, rigid fibers. Templated pores were assumed to have a...
Acute and Long-Term Effects of Thrombolysis After Anterior Wall Acute Myocardial Infarction With Serial Assessment of Infarct Expansion and Late Ventricular Remodeling

Abstract This study investigates the impact of thrombolysis on infarct expansion and subsequent left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We evaluated 51 consecutive patients (24 treated with thrombolysis) with anterior wall AMI by 2-dimensional echocardiography in the following sequence: days 1, 2, 3, and 7, after 3 and 6 weeks, ana after 3, 6, and 12 months. LV end-diasfolic and end-systolic volume indexes were determined from apical 2- and 4-chamber views using Simpson's biplane formula. Infarct and total LV perimeters were determined in the same views and their ratio expressed as infarct percentage. Infarct expansion was defined as: (1) an increase in infarct percentage and total perimeter >5% on days 2 to 3 in either of the views, or (2) initial infarct percentage >50% with an increase in total perimeter >5% on days 2 to 3. Coronary angiography was performed in 43 patients before discharge, and patency of the infarct-related artery was assessed using Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trial criteria. Infarct expansion was detected in 23 patients. Infarct perimeter steadily decreased in patients with versus without thrombolysis and in patients with patent versus occluded infarct-related arteries. Furthermore, by logistic regression, thrombolysis (p = 0.007) and patency of the infarct-related artery (p = 0.02) were strong negative predictors of expansion, whereas initial infarct perimeter (p = 0.009) was directly associated with subsequent expansion. End-systolic volume index was higher in patients with expansion from day 1 (p = 0.003) through the end of the study (p = 0.021), and end-diastolic volume index was higher in these patients from day 2 (p = 0.012) through 12 months (p = 0.015). Thus rombolysis, initial infarct size, and infarct-related artery patency are major predictors of infarct expansion after anterior wall AMI.
Voronoi diagrams for convex polygon-offset distance functions

In this paper we develop the concept of a convexpolygon-offset distance function. Using offset as a notion of distance, we show how to compute the corresponding nearest- and furthest-site Voronoi diagrams of point sites in the plane. We provide near-optimal deterministicO(n(logn + log2m) +m)-time algorithms, wheren is the number of points andm is the complexity of the underlying polygon, for computing compact representations of both diagrams.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of NOxReduction by NH3over H-Form Zeolites☆

A series of transient kinetic, semi-steady-state kinetic andin situFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments were conducted using NH3-presorbed H-form pentasil zeolites to reduce NOxto N2. Semi-steady-state kinetic experiments were performed at temperatures below 210°C to determine reaction rate parameters for the reduction of NO over NH3-presorbed H-mordenite. Transient test results suggest that pairs of NH3molecules adsorbed onto neighboring acid sites are necessary for NO reduction to N2. Results ofin situFTIR experiments were used to identify the structures of adsorbed NH3and intermediate NOxspecies. These FTIR results suggest that adsorbed NH3is most reactive when it is bonded to the Bronsted acid sites in zeolites through three hydrogen bonds.In situFTIR spectra also indicate that an NO2-type intermediate is formed on the zeolite surface during selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Formation of this NO2-type species appears to be a necessary step in the SCR reaction mechanism as the concentration of adsorbed NH3does not decrease (i.e., react) until a band corresponding to this NO2-type species appears. Combined analyses of transient andin situFTIR results were used to develop a reaction mechanism which describes NO or NO2reduction by NH3over H-form zeolites.
Individual Adjustment to School Transitions: An Exploration of the Role of Supportive Peer Relations

Previous research has shown that the transition into junior high school can be difficult for certain subgroups, particularly girls. Recent work has also examined the social support roles played by best friends during the transition and found that high quality friendships can ease the adjustment to the new environment. The present longitudinal study of 410 students in a middle class suburban school district looked at adjustment to junior high school as a function of the quantity, frequency of contact, and intimacy of same-sex and opposite-sex peer relationships at school and with peers attending other schools. Adjustment to the new school at seventh grade was defined in terms of changes from sixth grade in self-esteem, participation in school and nonschool activities, and perceived integration (or, conversely, anonymity) in the school environment. Overall, a significant decrease in the perception of being integrated into the school was found for both males and females but only small, nonsignificant changes...
Thermoregulation and heterothermy in some of the smaller flying foxes (Megachiroptera) of New Guinea

Body temperature, heterothermy, oxygen consumption, heart rate, and evaporative water loss were studied in four species of flying foxes (Megachiroptera), Dobsonia minor, Nyctimene major, Nyctimene albiventer, and Paranyctimene raptor, from the vicinity of Madang on the north coast of New Guinea. The thermoregulatory response of D. minor resembled that of most other placental mammals weighing 80 to 100 g. Body temperatures were relatively stable at ambient temperatures between 5 and 34°. The mean oxygen consumption at rest between 30 and 35° was 1.26 cc O2 (g·hr)−1. At ambient temperatures between 5 and 35° evaporative water loss averaged 4.5 mg (g·hr)−1 and increased sharply at higher temperatures. When subjected to heat stress the animals panted, salivated, and licked the wings, belly, and uropatagium. At temperatures above 38° the ratio of heat lost through evaporation to heat production exceeded 1. Minimal heart rates in resting animals near thermal neutrality were approximately 275/min. In those parameters measured, N. major which weighed about 80 g resembled D. minor. Nyctimene albiventer and P. raptor weigh less than 30 g and are among the smallest of the flying foxes. Each shows both homeothermic and heterothermic patterns of response. At an ambient temperature of 35° the minimal oxygen consumption of homeothermic N. albiventer and P. raptor were 1.43 and 1.38 cc O2 (g·hr)−1, respectively. Oxygen consumption of homeothermic N. albiventer at 25°, 2.59 cc O2 (g.hr)−1, was almost quadruple that of torpid animals at the same temperature. During the daytime both N. albiventer and P. raptor characteristically allowed their body temperatures to fall to near 25°. Both readily aroused from the hypothermic state through physiological means. Heart rates of homeothermic N. albiventer resting at 35° ranged from 312 to 326/min while those of animals torpid at 25° were 88 to 96/min. The capacity for heterothermy has not previously been demonstrated in any members of the Megachiroptera, but our data indicate that it can occur on a daily basis in N. albiventer and P. raptor. This capacity appears to be related to size since it occurs in none of the larger flying foxes so far studied. The data presently available indicate that the relation of body weight to standard metabolism in the Megachiroptera is similar to that of the other placental mammals. In the species we studied, thermal conductances were higher, and heart rates, lower than predicted for mammals of their sizes.
URINARY LDH IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIDNS

Three published reports show increased activity of the slow moving LDH isoenzymes in the urine of children with upper urinary tract infections. We studied urinary LDH enzyme activity during 88 urinary tract infections in girls in whom the site of infection was localized using the bladder washout test (BWO).
A non-affine transient network model

A new formulation of non-affine motion for the network model is proposed and its applications are presented in this manuscript. The major improvement is that a finite elongational viscosity is predicted for finite elongational rates contrary to the infinite elongational viscosities existing at some elongational rates predicted by previous network models. Comparisons with experimental data of the shear viscosity, normal stress coefficient and elongational viscosity are given, in terms of the same set of model parameters. Model predictions for the stress growth are also shown.
Sex and race differences in caloric intake during sleep restriction in healthy adults

Background: Evidence indicates that men and African Americans may be more susceptible to weight gain resulting from sleep loss than women and whites, respectively. Increased daily caloric intake is a major behavioral mechanism that underlies the relation between sleep loss and weight gain. Objective: We sought to assess sex and race differences in caloric intake, macronutrient intake, and meal timing during sleep restriction. Design: Forty-four healthy adults aged 21–50 y (mean ± SD: 32.7 ± 8.7 y; n = 21 women, n = 16 whites) completed an in-laboratory protocol that included 2 consecutive baseline nights [10 or 12 h time in bed (TIB)/night; 2200–0800 or 2200–1000] followed by 5 consecutive sleep-restriction nights (4 h TIB/night; 0400–0800). Caloric intake and meal-timing data were collected during the 2 d after baseline sleep and the first 3 d after sleep restriction. Results: During sleep restriction, subjects increased daily caloric intake (P < 0.001) and fat intake (P = 0.024), including obtaining more calories from condiments, desserts, and salty snacks (Ps < 0.05) and consumed 532.6 ± 295.6 cal during late-night hours (2200–0359). Relative to women, men consumed more daily calories during baseline and sleep restriction, exhibited a greater increase in caloric intake during sleep restriction (d = 0.62), and consumed a higher percentage of daily calories during late-night hours (d = 0.78, Ps < 0.05). African Americans and whites did not significantly differ in daily caloric intake, increased caloric intake during sleep restriction, or meal timing. However, African Americans consumed more carbohydrates, less protein, and more caffeine-free soda and juice than whites did during the study (Ps < 0.05). Conclusions: Men may be more susceptible to weight gain during sleep loss than women due to a larger increase in daily caloric intake, particularly during late-night hours. These findings are relevant to the promotion of public health awareness by highlighting nutritional risk factors and modifiable behaviors for weight gain related to sleep-wake timing. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02128737","term_id":"NCT02128737"}}NCT02128737 and {"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02130791","term_id":"NCT02130791"}}NCT02130791.
Acute Renal Failure in Recipients of Organ Transplantation and Nontransplantation Patients: Comparison of Characteristics and Mortality

Mortality from acute renal failure in critically ill patients remains in excess of 50% despite decades of improvement in supportive care. It is not known whether replacement of other failing organs by non-renal organ transplantation affects mortality in acute renal failure. We retrospectively reviewed the course of 169 patients with acute renal failure managed at a single university medical center over a 1-year period. Measures of disease severity (need for renal replacement therapy, mechanical ventilation or parenteral nutrition, presence of oliguria and APACHE II scores) and final outcome were compared in 97 patients with acute renal failure who did not receive transplants and 72 patients with acute renal failure who underwent non-renal solid organ transplants. Overall mortality was 50.3% and directly correlated with APACHE II score. Compared to nontransplant patients, transplant recipients were younger, more frequently male, and less often oliguric; but the groups were similar in mean APACHE II scores ...
Planar tunneling spectroscopy of high-temperature superconductors: Andreev bound states and broken symmetries

Abstract Quasiparticle planar tunneling spectroscopy is shown to be a powerful, phase-sensitive spectroscopic tool for the study of unconventional superconductivity. Several familiar and novel junction fabrication techniques on YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO) thin films and Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 (BSCCO) single crystals are used for our systematic studies of the tunneling conductances, which are obtained as a function of crystallographic orientation, applied magnetic field (magnitude and orientation) atomic substitution and surface damage. All these results confirm that the observed zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) is comprised of quasiparticle (QP) Andreev bound states (ABS), which arise from reflection-symmetry breaking at the interface of a superconductor whose superconducting order parameter (OP) exhibits d-wave, or d x 2 – y 2 , symmetry. Consistency in the observation of the splitting of the ZBCP is presented: The splitting of the ZBCP observed in applied field, and the spontaneous splitting observed at lower temperatures in zero field, occur concomitantly in a given junction, and that observation of this splitting is dependent upon the length-scale of the surface disorder and the magnitude of the tunneling cone, φ .
Electrophoresis of a particle of arbitrary shape

Abstract The electrophoresis of an insulating body of arbitrary shape in an unbounded fluid is treated analytically, subject to the restrictions that the local Debye length is much smaller than the local radii of curvature and surface conductivity is negligible. The flow is shown to be irrotational. The Smoluchowski equation is shown to be valid for a particle of any shape, as is frequently assumed.
Survival of Largemouth Bass from Populations Infected with Largemouth Bass Virus and Subjected to Simulated Tournament Conditions

Abstract Mortality was measured for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in simulated tournaments conducted at 26°C to determine whether an easily accomplished live-well management protocol reduced mortality. Treatment fish, which received the live-well management protocol, were held for 8 h in live wells at 23°C with water containing more than 5 mg of dissolved oxygen/L and 0.3% salt (NaCl). Control fish, were confined for 8 h in live wells at 26°C (ambient temperature) with dissolved oxygen fluctuating from 3 to 5 mg/L and no salt, which simulated the live-well management practices used by largemouth bass tournament anglers. Mortality after live-well confinement was 0% for both treatment and control fish, and mortality during the first 24 h after the simulated tournaments was 2.5%. Mortality of fish observed for up to 5 d after the simulated tournaments was high for treatment fish (mean = 75%; SE = 16%) and control fish (mean = 85%; SE = 11%), and we conclude that the treatment conditions did not reduc...