cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Process tracking and monitoring based on discrete jumping model

The jumping model has been used as an effective tool in tracking and detecting changes for continuous statistics in various applications. In this article, we extend the current jumping model from the continuous case to the discrete case to track and monitor the changes in attribute data. In this method, the jumping model–based posterior distribution of the process mean is constructed with attribute data and prior knowledge of the process. The posterior distribution consists of several components that account for the weights of the process to be “in-control” or “out-of-control.” Using the component representing the in-control weight as the monitoring index, a jumping model–based control chart is developed to monitor the attribute data process. The proposed chart is further extended to cover different out-of-control modes. The performance of the jumping model–based chart is investigated and compared to conventional control charts through numerical studies and a real-world data set. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed chart.
Inclusion and Exclusion: Contributions of a Feminist Approach to Power

This chapter illustrates the insights offered by feminist approaches to power. First, it very briefly compares feminist approaches to traditional approaches to power, emphasising the feminist insight that power is a relationship, not a thing, and that power is ubiquitous. Thinking about power in this way gives us a better understanding of the potential for women’s empowerment as well as the reasons for (and consequences of) women’s exclusion from political leadership. Feminist analysis directs our attention to multiple sites of power, moderating expectations of women who occupy ‘positions of power’. It suggests broader solutions to the problems of exclusion that bedevil advocates for women’s inclusion in democratic politics. The approach offers a richer understanding of relations of inclusion and exclusion that structure contemporary democracies.
Recovery from near Death Following Cerebral Anoxia

Prognostication of comatose patients after cardiac arrest presents many challenges. Most clinicians rely upon clinical neurological examination findings to predict outcome. The outcome is usually considered unfavorable when a patient experiences persistent brainstem dysfunction. However, prognostic scales, which rely upon brainstem dysfunction alone, are flawed. Some patients with brainstem dysfunction recover while patients with preserved brainstem function often die without awakening as a result of irreversible destruction of the cerebral cortex.
Arterial occlusion pressure as a method to quantify cardiovascular responses to exercise

The purpose was to compare unilateral exercise-induced changes in arterial occlusion pressure between the exercising and non-exercising arm. Participants had arterial occlusion pressure measured before and after exercise in: both arms simultaneously (Double AOP), the exercise limb only (Exercise AOP), and the non-exercise limb only (Non-exercise AOP). The blood flow restriction exercise protocol included four sets of biceps curls to failure in the dominant arm using 30% of one-repetition maximum and applying 40% of pre-exercise arterial occlusion pressure using a 5 cm nylon cuff. The change in arterial occlusion pressure from pre to post-exercise did not differ between the exercise limb [mean change (95%CI) = 27 (20, 33) mmHg] and non-exercise limb [mean change (95%CI) = 24 (18, 31) mmHg] during Double AOP (p=.325). When comparing the changes observed for each arm during Double AOP to their respective control conditions, there were no differences for the exercising arm [p=.554, mean change (95%CI) of Exercise AOP = 28 (20, 33) mmHg] or the non-exercise arm [p=.147, mean change (95%CI) of Non-exercise AOP = 18 (13, 23) mmHg]. The cardiovascular response to blood flow restriction, as measured by arterial occlusion pressure changes does not seem to be limb specific during unilateral exercise. &#13;
Tobacco Product Harm Perceptions and New Use.

BACKGROUND: Researchers in several studies have examined correlations between tobacco harm perceptions and tobacco use in youth, but none have prospectively addressed the association between harm perceptions and subsequent new use across multiple noncigarette products. METHODS: Product-specific absolute and relative harm perceptions for cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), cigars, pipes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco were collected at wave 1 (W1) (2013–2014) among youth in the nationally representative US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (12–17 years of age; n = 10 081). At wave 2 (W2) (2014–2015), product-specific new use was calculated. Adjusted relative risks were used to estimate if harm perceptions at W1 predicted W2 new tobacco use. RESULTS: The proportion of youth who endorsed “a lot of harm” was highest for cigarettes (84.8%) and lowest for e-cigarettes (26.6%); the proportion of youth who thought products were “more harmful” than cigarettes was highest for cigars (30.6%) and lowest for e-cigarettes (5.1%). Among youth who had not used those products at W1, product-specific new use at W2 ranged from 9.1% (e-cigarettes) to 0.6% (pipes). Youth who believed that noncombustible tobacco products posed “no or little harm” at W1 were more likely to have tried those products at W2 ( P P CONCLUSIONS: Low harm perceptions of noncigarette tobacco products predict new use of these products by youth within the next year. Targeting product-specific harm perceptions may prevent new tobacco use among youth.
A New Role for Vitamin D: The Enhancement of Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer

Oncolytic viruses have emerged as a novel class of anti-cancer therapeutics with one virus already receiving United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval (talimogene laherparepvec) and many others undergoing testing in clinical trials. These viruses have direct lytic effects on tumor cells as well as immunomodulatory functions to increase inflammatory cell infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment. Despite all of the advances in cancer care, pancreatic cancer remains a highly lethal malignancy. One of the main barriers to successful systemic treatment of the disease is the fibrotic tumor stroma, as the unique extracellular matrix creates an environment that promotes tumor growth and is resistant to chemotherapy and other anti-cancer agents. The pleiotropic effects of Vitamin D have been widely studied, but recent research has now demonstrated it to be an effective agent in modulating pancreatic cancer stroma to facilitate the enhanced delivery of cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunogenicity in response to treatment. This review will explore the combination of Vitamin D with oncolytic viruses and how this novel application of Vitamin D’s ability to modulate pancreatic tumor stroma may result in a potential mechanism for increasing the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy in pancreatic cancer.
Ideal length of thread forms for screws used in screw fixation of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures.

Abstract Background It is common practice when placing cannulated screws within the femoral head when treating femoral neck fractures to avoid the thread-forms from crossing the fracture line. Despite the widespread use of cannulated screws in internal fixation of femoral neck fractures, there is no study to our knowledge that describes the ideal length of thread-forms. Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the thread length that will maximize purchase within the femoral head while minimizing risk of crossing the fracture line. Additional analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with the maximal possible length of treads in minimally and non-displaced femoral neck fractures. Methods We performed a retrospective study of all patients treated for a minimally or non-displaced femoral neck fracture from April 1, 2004 through December 31, 2017. Only patients who had received a pre-operative CT or MRI scan were included. Fixation was then templated using radiographs and the distance from the subchondral bone to the fracture line was then measured. Results The study included 127 patients. The average estimated length of lag screw threads was 33.2 ± 6.67 mm, with lower quartile of 29.1 mm and higher quartile of 37.2 mm. The median was 32.0 mm and most frequently encountered estimate was 29 mm. Estimated lag screw size did not differ significantly based on age or BMI, but both height (p Conclusion In conclusion, we propose an additional lag screw thread form with length 26.0 mm to capture 90% of femoral neck fractures.
Application of the Core Flow Approach to MHD Fluid Flow in Geometric Elements of a Fusion Reactor Blanket

Inertialess, inviscid solutions of the MHD equations have been numerically obtained for several cases of interest to fusion. This includes conducting pipes with varying magnetic field strength, varying radius, and variable field direction. The solution method has been formulated in a very general way to allow the solution of problems with 3-dimensional magnetic fields and complex channel shapes. The method separates the components of velocity and current parallel and perpendicular to the field, and expresses them in terms of four 2-dimensional functions of integration along the magnetic field lines. These functions of integration are then solved numerically by applying conservation of mass and current at the walls. The full solution can then be reconstructed from the functions of integration. The transformation of the MHD equations to 2-D is computationally very efficient, but can become very cumbersome when both the structure and magnetic geometries are complicated.
Monolithically Integrated Parametric Mixers with Time-varying Transmission Lines (TVTL)

Parametric amplification and mixing effects of the time-varying transmission line (TVTL) was applied to design two monolithically integrated parametric mixers. Unlike traditional passive mixers, these parametric mixers can provide a mild conversion gain while achieving a low noise figure. An average of 0.4 dB conversion gain was obtained from 2.3 GHz to 2.9 GHz at the output of the designed traveling-wave TVTL parametric mixer. The mean noise figure within the measured bandwidth was 2.0 dB, and the output P1dB and IP3 were 11.8 dBm and 22.0 dBm respectively. Furthermore, an output-reflected TVTL parametric mixer was also designed and fabricated. The measured results indicate that both the conversion gain and LO power consumption can be significantly improved by reflecting the power at the signal frequency and the LO pump frequency.
Psychiatric disorders and young adult milestones in HIV-exposed, uninfected youth

ABSTRACTThe global population of perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children is growing, with relatively little known about their psychosocial outcomes, particularly across adolescence an...
Design and the Politics of Collaboration: A Grassroots Perspective

This workshop aims to advance our knowledge of how CSCW technologies can be better aligned with grassroots politics of collaboration. What politics are inherent in CSCW tools and techniques? How can we examine whether so- ciotechnical systems support collaboration in ways that lead to equitable solutions for all and not just a select few? What can we learn about collaborative systems and practices from other communities of people with lived experiences of politics of collaboration? Our workshop will incorporate communal practices of grassroots movement building to explore what it means to examine designs of CSCW arti- facts and practices for the politics they embody and pro- mote. The workshop simultaneously is about grassroots approaches, and also leverages lessons we have learned from grassroots movements in the workshop structure.
PCC’s Work on URIs in MARC

In 2015, the PCC Task Group on URIs in MARC was tasked to identify and address linked data identifiers deployment in the current MARC format. By way of a pilot test, a survey, MARC Discussion paper...
Communication-Failure-Resilient Distributed Frequency Control in Smart Grids: Part II: Algorithmic Implementation and System Simulations

This article is the second part of a two-part article on communication-failure-resilient architecture for distributed operation and control in smart grids with hybrid producer/consumer (prosumer) agents. Part I of this article proposed the distributed architecture and algorithmic development, while this Part II provides the corresponding algorithmic implementation, technical requirements, practical applications, and simulations. We propose a general and scalable framework for implementing resilient distributed frequency regulation (DFR) on large-scale prosumer-based power grids, such as utilities, where each prosumer represents a frequency control area. We first develop a method to obtain quasi-steady state models of prosumers from the dynamic models of generators, loads, and power lines. This model allows demonstrating the dynamic evolution of prosumers under normal conditions and during communication failures. Next, we propose a framework to implement the resilient DFR algorithm on prosumer power grids. We show that under normal conditions prosumers need to solely communicate with their neighbors to obtain optimal control actions. But, during communication failures, prosumers need to extend the communication hops to maintain system-wide stability as well as fair power sharing. The resilient DFR algorithm is demonstrated on two real-world, large-scale power grids and the results show that it can indeed complement and enhance today's Automatic Generation Control systems.
Microstructure and hot deformation behavior of a new aluminum–lithium–copper based AA2070 alloy

Abstract The effects of initial microstructure on hot compression behavior of a new Al–Li–Cu alloy AA2070 were studied in the temperature range of 250 °C–450 °C and strain rate range of 0.001 s−1 - 0.1 s−1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize microstructure prior to and post deformation. Two types of major strengthening precipitates were identified: Al2CuLi (T1) phase with habit planes parallel to {111}Al and Al2Cu/Al3Li (Ɵ'/δ′) composite precipitates with habit planes parallel to {100}Al, in the initial microstructure. The combination of these precipitates provides strong resistance to dislocation slip. While dynamic recovery is the main softening mechanism at compression temperatures below 450 °C, dynamic recrystallization dominates softening at 450 °C. T1 precipitate bands consisting of multiple fine T1 precipitates exist in microstructure after hot deformation at 250 °C and 350 °C. The formation mechanisms of T1 precipitate bands and fine T1 precipitates are discussed in light of shearing deformation of T1 precipitates. After hot deformation at 350 °C, Ɵ'/δ′ composite structure is lost and only Ɵ′ precipitates exist in the post-deformation microstructure. The interface between Ɵ′ precipitate and aluminum matrix becomes incoherent. The optimal processing conditions of this alloy have been identified as a temperature of 450 °C and a strain rate of 0.001 s−1, with significant grain refinement and the weakest deformation texture, which are consistent with the analysis results of hot work efficiency and instability using pseudo processing maps.
Parents’ Motivations for Enrolling their Children in Recreational Sports

Extensive literature covers reasons for participation in sports from the perspective of youth athletes. However, athletic involvement starts early and is determined in part by parental support. The purpose of this study was to learn more about parents’ motivations for enrolling their children in sports. A 49-item parent motivational scale of reasons for enrolling child(ren) in sports was created as part of the study first as a pilot and later tested with 84 parent participants who had school-aged children enrolled in recreational sports. An open-ended question on primary reasons why parents enrolled their child in sports was also included in the study. Exploratory factor analysis of the motivational scale indicated a four-component solution for types of reasons parents enrolled their children in sports: 1. Extrinsic/parent-focused; 2. Child growth and development; 3. Social benefits; and 4. Health/well-being. Parents rated the latter three types of beneficial reasons for enrolling children in sports more highly than extrinsic/parent-focused ones and were more likely to list beneficial than extrinsic reasons in the open-ended question. Scores on several individual motivational items varied by child’s, not parent’s, gender and parent’s marital status. Implications for use of self-determination and expectancy-value theoretical perspectives, understanding parents’ motivations to encourage children’s sports participation while considering family structure and gender of child, and study limitations with ideas for future research are discussed.
Getting a High Heel in the Door: An Experiment on State Legislator Responsiveness to Women’s Issue Lobbying:

Are women in office more likely to providvae access to women’s lobby groups than men in office? If so, how can women’s strategic lobbying increase the responsiveness of male legislators? This paper...
Evolution of rock cover, surface roughness, and its effect on soil erosion under simulated rainfall

Abstract The dynamic interaction between erosion, surface morphology and flow hydraulics, causes steeper slopes to develop greater physical and hydraulic roughness, such that the slope can evolve toward a state of equilibrium wherein runoff velocity is independent of slope gradient. This study tests, under controlled condition, the hypothesis that erosion rate may also evolve toward a state wherein erosion rate is uniform across slope gradients after slope-velocity-equilibrium is established. A series of rainfall simulations (intensities of 59 and 178 mm hr−1) were conducted on 2 m by 6.1 m stony soil plot under three slope treatments (5%, 12% and 20%, replicated) with surface elevation, rock cover, flow velocity and sediment measurements. The results showed: 1) rock cover, and both surface physical (random roughness) and hydraulic roughness (Darcy–Weisbach friction) increased as rainfall progressed, leading to reductions in flow velocities and soil loss rates; 2) steeper slopes developed greater surface physical and hydraulic roughness; 3) the final soil loss rates ranged from 0.87 to 1.28 g min−1 m−2, and from 5.36 to 16.01 g min−1 m−2, which were approximately 6% to 15% of the initial maximum values, under low and high rainfall intensity, respectively; 4) soil loss rate was inversely correlated with rock cover while exhibiting no correlation with the random roughness index; 5) the linear coefficient of slope gradient relative to erosion rate measured on the most evolved surface were only 6.5% and 7.3% of those on initial surfaces under low and high rainfall intensity, respectively, implying that erosion rate evolved toward being less sensitive to slope gradient than it would otherwise be; 6) flow velocity and effective shear stress were found to be appropriate predictors for soil loss rate. This study supports the hypothesis of erosion equilibrium, implying that erosion rate decreases as a function of erosion pavement and that influence of slope gradient on soil erosion declines due to the dynamic interactions between soil erosion, surface morphology, and flow hydraulics.
Maternal Cardiomyopathy and Critical Care Medicine

Cardiomyopathy is a severe condition associated with pregnancy that has a number of subtypes, Fig. 11.1, and may manifest precipitously during or after pregnancy. While many women with cardiomyopathy may do well in pregnancy, cardiomyopathy has been reported to account for up to 10% of maternal deaths in the United States. Initial management strategies for decompensated heart failure in pregnancy include diuresis, afterload reduction, and treatment of symptomatic dysrhythmias. Decompensated heart failure in the parturient warrants intensive multidisciplinary care to optimize both maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Informatics Based Study on Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Dataset

Informatics has the potential to be of great use in the field of oceanography, such as an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler. This study uses informatics and machine learning techniques to analyze and model data collected from an ADCP device. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce dimensionality and extract the most common and important features. K-means clustering was applied on the data set to group the data points into distinct clusters, and to determine driving features for each cluster and across the entire dataset. The main common features across clusters were bottom tracking range, navigation north velocity, heading, and error velocity. Virtual assessment of cluster tendency and improved virtual assessment of cluster tendency algorithms were applied after k-means to determine that the data in fact could be clustered, and what the optimal number of clusters are. These informatics and machine learning techniques were useful in identifying the most significant features within the ADCP data set and have the potential to be used in future informatics-based research in oceanography and marine sciences in general.
The MLE of the uniform distribution with right-censored data.

We carry out parametric inferences to a breast cancer data set which is right censored using the uniform distribution U(a, b). Under right censoring, it is rare that one can find the explicit solution to the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) under the parametric set-up, except for the exponential distribution $$Exp(\theta )$$ . We show that the MLE of a has a closed form solution, whereas the MLE of b has a closed form solution in some sense. We further propose a diagnostic plotting method and test for U(a, b). The asymptotic properties of the MLE are also investigated. It turns out that this breast cancer data set fits both U(a, b) and $$Exp(\theta )$$ . Moreover, U(a, b) leads to more useful and reasonable inferences than those using the product-limit estimator or using the MLE of $$Exp(\theta )$$ .
Are Competitive Elections Good for Your Health? Evidence from the 1918 Flu and Covid-19

The spread and lethality of infectious diseases partly depend on government efforts to mitigate them. Yet local governments vary substantially in their responses to public health emergencies, with some taking aggressive measures early and often, and others doing relatively little. What explains this variation? Using novel data on local government responses to the 1918 influenza A (H1N1) ``Spanish Flu'' and 2020 Covid-19 pandemics in the United States, we show that the policy choices of electorally vulnerable incumbents have changed considerably in the last 100 years. In 1918, electorally vulnerable incumbents enacted more nonpharmaceutical interventions for longer periods of time, promoting and enforcing them more aggressively than in less-competitive jurisdictions. More electorally competitive localities subsequently experienced fewer influenza-related deaths, fewer pneumonia cases, and lower overall excess mortality. By 2020, however, these patterns had shifted: more competitive localities still experienced lower rates of Covid-19 infection and death, but authorities in these places became more reluctant to implement nonpharmaceutical interventions. These differences are in part due to greater reliance on pharmaceutical measures and an epidemiologically-significant change in political geography: more competitive localities became more suburban. On net, political competition still appears beneficial for public health, but for different reasons than in 1918.
Practices and Perceptions Living Donor Liver Transplant, Non-Directed Donation, and Liver Paired Exchange: A National Survey.

Living donor liver transplant (LDLT) remains under-utilized in the United States. Barriers to LDLT and acceptance of non-directed living liver donation (ND-LLD) and liver paired exchange (LPE) are unclear. The medical and surgical directors of 99 unique transplant programs (56 LDLT programs and 43 non-LDLT programs) were surveyed to gain insight into perceptions and practices of LDLT and types of donors utilized. The response rate was 84%. Most LDLT programs (65%) reported performing ND-LLD, though opinions regarding allocation and the need for additional evaluation of these donors were mixed. Only a minority of LDLT programs reported performing LPE (12%), but most programs (78%), would be open to cross-institutional LPE barring logistical barriers. There were significant differences between LDLT and non-LDLT programs with regard to perceived barriers to LDLT with LDLT programs reporting mainly donor and recipient factors and non-LDLT programs reporting institutional factors (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Understanding perceptions and practices of LDLT, ND-LLD, and LPE is important to aid in the growth of LDLT.
Representations of Technology

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce alternative representations of technology, with an emphasis on representations which are functions rather than representations which are sets or correspondences. We give particular attention to the distance function as a function representation of technology and show that it is a generalization (to the multiple output case) of the more familiar single output production function.
Leadership Skills and Wages Revisited: Is There a Causal Relation?

This paper examines the role of holding a leadership position in high school on adult earnings and assesses the sensitivity of the previously found positive association to nonrandom selection bias. Using a recently developed procedure, we show that a substantial part of this relation is causal. Moreover, our results indicate evidence in favor of the hypothesis that leadership skills are acquired during high school.
The grammar of space

A cross-linguistic study of grammatical morphemes expressing spatial relationships that discusses the relationship between the way human beings experience space and the way it is encoded grammatically in language.The discussion of the similarities and differences among languages in the encoding and expression of spatial relations centers around the emergence and evolution of spatial grams, and the semantic and morphosyntactic characteristics of two types of spatial grams. The author bases her observations on the study of data from 26 genetically unrelated and randomly selected languages.It is shown that languages are similar in the way spatial grams emerge and evolve, and also in the way specific types of spatial grams are used to express not only spatial but also temporal and other non-spatial relations. Motivation for these similarities may lie in the way we, as human beings, experience the world, which is constrained by our physical configuration and neurophysiological apparatus, as well as our individual cultures.
Gender and resource management: Households and groups, strategies and transitions

Rural families must constantly negotiate their livelihoods by obtaining access to natural resources, labor, capital, knowledge, and markets. Successful negotiation leads to enhanced family well-being and sustainable use of natural resources. Unsuccessful negotiation threatens family survival, threatens sustainable use of natural resources, and reduces bio-diversity. These negotiation processes are mediated by gender relations. The ideas of negotiation and of survival strategies outlined here provide a framework within which the articles of this issue can be situated. The articles are the result of research on gender and natural resource management conducted in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and North America. Each experience illustrates the consequences for natural resources and family well being when they have voice and when they do not have voice in household decisions.
Current measurements to obtain state estimation

In this paper, the synchronized time pulses from Phase Measurement Units (PMU's) or dedicated computer communications are used to resolve line current measurements into components that are in phase and out of phase with the slack (reference) bus voltage. The current components in turn are used to compute the State Estimate (SE) of the power system, i.e. the voltage magnitude and ac phase angle of every bus with respect to the slack reference. Current measurements are obtained from ‘bird-on-wire’ devices or else current isolation transformers, both of which are assumed to contain signal processing software computers. Because the current measurements are on a transmission or distribution circuit phase line, the state computed is the line to neutral voltage at an angle with respect to the slack reference. Distribution single and two-phase lines are considered, but aggregating three-phase current measurements provides the positive sequence equivalent. The methods of the paper are extendable to unbalanced three-phase systems.
Land-Use Law: Marred by Public Agency Abuse

Abstract Too often, land-use law resembles a legal war rather than a set of laws designed to foster the livability of American communities. A minority of public agencies1 abusing their powers in the land-use law arena has unfortunately contributed to giving land-use law its battle-scarred complexion.2 There exists a plethora of literature written by advocates of landowners or developers commenting on these abuses and seeking various legal remedies and solutions. This article, however, is written by an advocate for land-use planning and focuses on how these abuses by public agencies affect public interest planning programs and ultimately on all private interests. After an overview of these public agency abuses, their general and specific impacts are explained along with why and how the abuses should be addressed.3
Optimum angular accelerations for control of a remote maneuvering unit.

Six Ss successfully reoriented the attitude of a simulated remote maneuvering unit (RMU) using an on-off acceleration command control system. RMU attitude was determined solely by viewing the space scene being televised by the RMU. The RMU was controlled under three conditions of angular acceleration; 4, 8, and 12° / sec.2. Four deg/sec2 resulted in least fuel expenditure and most accurate rate control without a sacrifice in time. These results and Ss' preference data recommended pitch, yaw, and roll accelerations of 4°/sec2 when using an on-off acceleration command control system.
Segmented trajectory based indexing and retrieval of video data

In this paper, we present a novel principal component analysis (PCA) based approach towards modeling the object trajectory in a video clip. An eigenspace decomposition of high-dimensional trajectory data leads to very compact representation, which is then used as indexing structure. To cutback on PCA computation during indexing, we first segment the trajectories into atomic subtrajectories using a curvature zero-crossing based approach followed by clustering of these subtrajectories. A two-level PCA operation with coarse-to-fine retrieval for query trajectory is then performed to generate retrieval results. Our experimental results show that our global PCA based approach performs better when input query trajectory is of similar length compared to the matching trajectories in the database. However, when partial trajectories are posed as queries our segmented trajectory based approach provides superior results for all precision-recall ratios.
The development of a third generation system for entering microbiology data into a clinical laboratory information system

Increased demands on technologists' time and the desire to have electronic storage of patient information have led to numerous computer-based efforts to manage microbiology data. Our approach to the design of a new microbiology subsystem has been to maximize the functionality without requiring unusual input devices. DEC VT100-compatible terminals are used for data entry and display. Data are displayed taking advantage of such features of these terminals as reverse video, highlighting, and scroll windowing. Numerous single-key instructions for invoking functions and changing cursor positions have been implemented to minimize keystrokes and to anticipate the entry sequences of the technologists. A program that allows the quick location and display of specimens and results is also included in the package.
πμ2; an absolute pion beam flux monitor

Abstract A two arm π μ2 /beam monitor telescope provides one possible means of monitoring pion ( P π
On biology and structure of the testis of Philidium Leuckhart (Leptomedusae).

The testes of Phialidium were studied in the living and in histological and electron microscopic preparations. The testes are well differentiated organs in which germ cells and supporting epithelium are arranged in a well defined pattern and function in close correlation.
DNA helicases involved in DNA repair and their roles in cancer

Helicases have major roles in genome maintenance by unwinding structured nucleic acids. Their prominence is marked by various cancers and genetic disorders that are linked to helicase defects. Although considerable effort has been made to understand the functions of DNA helicases that are important for genomic stability and cellular homeostasis, the complexity of the DNA damage response leaves us with unanswered questions regarding how helicase-dependent DNA repair pathways are regulated and coordinated with cell cycle checkpoints. Further studies may open the door to targeting helicases in order to improve cancer treatments based on DNA-damaging chemotherapy or radiation.
Intraoperative Cholangiography and Risk of Common Bile Duct Injury

To the Editor: Dr Flum and colleagues found that intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) during cholecystectomy decreased the rate of common bile duct injury (CBDI) from 0.58% to 0.39%. From these results one can compute an absolute risk reduction of 0.0019, and a number needed to treat (NNT) of 526. That is, 526 patients would need to have IOC (each with approximately one half hour of extra operating room time, the expense of a radiology technician, radiologist, and prorated cost of the fluoroscope and supplies) to avoid a single case of CBDI. The authors also do not consider the risk of complications from IOC and its added time under anesthesia. There are a number of risk factors for CBDI, including obesity, severe inflammation, adhesions, intraoperative hemorrhage, and poorly delineated anatomy. The use of IOC helps prevent CBDI for only the last of these risk factors. The authors’ administrative database, however, could not account for all of the causes of CBDI, and thus does not provide enough clinical detail to support the routine use of IOC. Common bile duct injuries are among the most common reasons that general surgeons are sued for malpractice. In the authors’ database there were 7911 cases of CBDI from 40210 surgeons. Assuming that each surgeon was responsible for no more than 1 to 2 CBDIs, then 10% to 20% of the general surgeons in the study experienced this complication. Although it is often argued in court that the occurrence of CBDI is prima facie evidence of substandard surgical care, these data show that a significant proportion of surgeons have experienced this complication. Since the standard of care calls for a surgeon to exhibit skills considered average, and since this complication is experienced by many surgeons, it appears that occurrence of CBDI does not in itself establish that a patient received substandard care. Similarly, as 61% of all cholecystectomies are apparently performed without an IOC, the standard of care does not appear to require it. Statistics such as these could help to adjudicate malpractice claims in that they could provide evidencebased definitions for standards of care.
Effect of a myosin regulatory light chain mutation K104E on actin-myosin interactions

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young individuals. Molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder are largely unknown; this study aims at revealing how disruptions in actin-myosin interactions can play a role in this disorder. Cross-bridge (XB) kinetics and the degree of order were examined in contracting myofibrils from the ex vivo left ventricles of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing FHC regulatory light chain (RLC) mutation K104E. Because the degree of order and the kinetics are best studied when an individual XB makes a significant contribution to the overall signal, the number of observed XBs in an ex vivo ventricle was minimized to ∼20. Autofluorescence and photobleaching were minimized by labeling the myosin lever arm with a relatively long-lived red-emitting dye containing a chromophore system encapsulated in a cyclic macromolecule. Mutated XBs were significantly better ordered during steady-state contraction and during rigor, but the mutation had no effect on the degree of order in relaxed myofibrils. The K104E mutation increased the rate of XB binding to thin filaments and the rate of execution of the power stroke. The stopped-flow experiments revealed a significantly faster observed dissociation rate in Tg-K104E vs. Tg-wild-type (WT) myosin and a smaller second-order ATP-binding rate for the K104E compared with WT myosin. Collectively, our data indicate that the mutation-induced changes in the interaction of myosin with actin during the contraction-relaxation cycle may contribute to altered contractility and the development of FHC.
An Evaluator of the Future.

Abstract For the evaluator who is part of the management of a human service organization, future expectations will be more demanding than at present. Operating staff, managers, and funders will already be familiar with the methods and the usefulness of capable program evaluation. Improved information tools will help the evaluator meet this challenge, by keeping the organization visible and manageable. A more fundamental change will be an improved “language of accountability”. Program standards, accreditation, and review now focus on structure and process characteristics. What is emerging is a growing consensus on definitions of client problems and program objectives in relation to these problems . This consensus spurs psychometric research on measures of problems and of the attainment of program objectives. Dependable, standard measures and meaningful comparative data will make the evaluation of program effectiveness possible.
Bridging the Gap Between Common Mental Disorders and Service Use: The Role of Self-Rated Mental Health Among African Americans.

Objective: The unmet need for mental health care in racial/ethnic minorities has been amajorpublichealthconcern.UsingasampleofAfricanAmericans,thisstudyquestioned whether self-rated mental health (SRMH), an individual’s subjective assessment of personal mental and emotional status, modifies the link between mental disorders and service use. Design: Cross-sectional analyses of the Milwaukee African American oversample of the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS II) study, 2005e2006. Setting: In-home personal interviews. Participants: Self-identified African American/ black participants aged 40 to 85 years (N ¼ 460). Measurements: Participants were assessed if they met the diagnostic criteria for three common mental disorders (major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder) in the prior 12 months, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Response to a single-item SRMH was dichotomized (excellent/very good/good or fair/poor). Service use was indicated by the use of any services in the past year (mental health specialist, general doctor, and clergy). Results: Multivariate analyses identified a significant interaction between mental disorder and SRMH in predicting service use. The likelihood of service use increased substantially when individuals with a disorder reported their mental health to be fair/poor. Conclusions: Reflecting its subjective nature, SRMH enhances our understanding of individual variations in self-recognition and help-seeking behaviors. Findings suggest that interventions that enhance an individual’s self-awareness of mental health problems may help bridge the gap between mental health care needs and service use in African Americans. (Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 23:658e665)
Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory Subunit B56α Associates with c-Myc and Negatively Regulates c-Myc Accumulation

Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays a prominent role in controlling accumulation of the proto-oncoprotein c-Myc. PP2A mediates its effects on c-Myc by dephosphorylating a conserved residue that normally stabilizes c-Myc, and in this way, PP2A enhances c-Myc ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Stringent regulation of c-Myc levels is essential for normal cell function, as c-Myc overexpression can lead to cell transformation. Conversely, PP2A has tumor suppressor activity. Uncovering relevant PP2A holoenzymes for a particular target has been limited by the fact that cellular PP2A represents a large heterogeneous population of trimeric holoenzymes, composed of a conserved catalytic subunit and a structural subunit along with a variable regulatory subunit which directs the holoenzyme to a specific target. We now report the identification of a specific PP2A regulatory subunit, B56alpha, that selectively associates with the N terminus of c-Myc. B56alpha directs intact PP2A holoenzymes to c-Myc, resulting in a dramatic reduction in c-Myc levels. Inhibition of PP2A-B56alpha holoenzymes, using small hairpin RNA to knock down B56alpha, results in c-Myc overexpression, elevated levels of c-Myc serine 62 phosphorylation, and increased c-Myc function. These results uncover a new protein involved in regulating c-Myc expression and reveal a critical interconnection between a potent oncoprotein, c-Myc, and a well-documented tumor suppressor, PP2A.
Surprising Smiles and Unanticipated Frowns: How Emotion and Status Influence Gender Categorization

Beliefs about who typically expresses which emotions are deeply ingrained and likely affect how people perceive and respond to emotional displays by others. We examined how emotional expressions and social status separately and in combination affect how quickly participants can categorize faces by their gender. The speed with which people categorize targets is informative about what combinations are expected or not. In Study 1, participants categorized the gender of targets displaying angry, happy, and neutral expressions. Response times were slower to incongruent gender-emotion pairs (angry female faces, happy male faces) relative to both neutral and congruent expressions. In Study 2, participants again categorized the gender of targets, this time presented as having high or low status. Target status affected response times to female targets only. Female targets were categorized more slowly when they both had high status and expressed anger (vs. happiness or no emotion). No differences by emotion were found for low-status female targets. In sum, anger was incongruent with women at an automatic level both when they had high status and when their status was unmarked, whereas explicit low-status information eliminated this incongruity. These data confirm the existence of deeply-ingrained associations linking status, gender, and emotion and underscore the importance of emotional expression and status in how women are perceived.
The use of AFM for direct force measurements between expandable fluorine mica

Abstract An atomic force microscope has been used to measure forces interacting between a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sphere and a flat plate, onto which expandable fluorine mica platelets have been coated. The surface thus behaves as a single macroscopic basal plane of expandable fluorine mica over concentrations 10 −5 –10 −2 M NaCl and a range in pH of 3.5–10. Most of the measured forces fit well to theoretically calculated forces by the DLVO theory at separations larger than 4 nm. A short-range repulsive hydration force can be observed at separations below 4 nm which varied in magnitude both with NaCl concentration and pH. The diffuse-layer potential was extracted from the best fit to the forces calculated from the DLVO theory and compared with electrokinetic potential. There is good agreement between the two values in acidic pH range and at concentrations less than 10 −3 M NaCl, although slight discrepancies between the potential were recognized in the alkaline pH range and in the high NaCl concentration region. The diffuse-layer potentials were analyzed using the Gouy–Chapman–Stern–Graham model with dissociation-binding equilibria of surface groups. By assuming an extremely low value of the inner layer capacitance (∼5 μF/cm 2 ), the fit of the outer Helmholtz layer potentials calculated to the diffuse-layer potential obtained experimentally were improved.
Remembering chosen and assigned options

Recent studies have shown systematic choice-supportive memory for past choices, wherein people tend to overattribute positive features to options they chose and negative features to unchosen options (Mather & Johnson, 2000; Mather, Shafir, & Johnson, 2000). In contrast, the present experiments showed no choice-supportive memory bias for assigned options. Rather than having a general motivation to recall the chosen or the assigned option in a more positive light, people appear to be influenced by heuristics that vary with context: In recalling past choices, people expect the chosen option to contain more positive and fewer negative features than do its competitors. In recalling past assignments, in contrast, people expect the assigned option to be remembered better than the unassigned alternatives. This vividness heuristic leads to systematic misattribution of new features to unassigned alternatives, but not in a manner supportive of the assigned option. Some implications of these findings are discussed.
Hybrid receptor model for secondary sulfate from an SO2 point source

A formalism is presented for calculating the ambient concentration of secondary sulfate at any downwind distance from an SO/sub 2/-emitting point source. The SO/sub 2/ is assumed to be affected by dispersion, dry deposition, and homogeneous gas-phase oxidation processes having arbitrary time dependencies. A receptor-model estimate of the primary-particle contribution at the downwind site is used to account for all of the dispersion and part of the deposition. An important finding is that the secondary sulfate is sensitive only to the average values of the deposition and oxidation rates, and not to their detailed time dependences. Extensions of the formalism to include wet deposition and nitrate formation are also discussed.
Switched-Capacitor Converter State Model Generator

Efficient analysis techniques for complex switched-capacitor (SC) converters are essential design tools for the development of practical SC converters. Techniques that use state-space equations based on conventional circuit analysis methods have proven effective in modeling the practical performance of SC converters. Iterative methods of design based on these analysis techniques require the formulation of many Kirchhoff voltage and current equations, which is time consuming if derived manually. Here, an algorithm is introduced to automate the creating of the matrices required for state-space-based modeling of SC converters. The state equations are generated algorithmically, given a standard node incidence matrix generated from a user-defined netlist. The algorithm enables a designer to quickly iterate SC converter design solutions based on their predicted performance. The resulting models are compared against manually generated models, simulations, and experimental results.
A study of the comparative absorption of estrone from a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic ointment base.

A study was made of the comparative absorption of estrone by the intact skin of white rats from a hydrophylic ointment base and a hydrohylic base, by a vaginal smear method and a uterine weight method. The results of the vaginal smear study indicate that absorption of estrone was obtained from both types of bases, but the results of the uterine weight study give conflicting answers.