cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT RATE CONSTANTS FOR THE REACTIONS OF GAS-PHASE LANTHANIDES WITH O2

The reactivity of the gas-phase lanthanide atoms Ln (Ln = La-Yb with the exception of Pm) with O{sub 2} is reported. Lanthanide atoms were produced by the photodissociation of [Ln(TMHD){sub 3}] and detected by laser-induced fluorescence. For all the lanthanides studied with the exception of Yb, the reaction mechanism is bimolecular abstraction of an oxygen atom. The bimolecular rate constants (in molecule{sup {minus}1} cm{sup 3} s{sup {minus}1}) are described in Arrhenius form by {kappa}[De({sup 1}G{sub 4})] = (3.0 {+-} 0.4) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp ({minus}3.4 {+-} 1.3 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT); Pr({sup 4}I{sub 9/2}), (3.1 {+-} 0.7) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}5.3 {+-} 1.5 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT)/ Nd({sup 5}I{sub 4}), (3.6 {+-} 0.3) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}6.2 {+-} 0.4 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT); Sm({sup 7}F{sub 0}), (2.4 {+-} 0.4) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}6.2 {+-} 1.5 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT); Eu({sup 8}S{sub 7/2}), (1.7 {+-} 0.3) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}9.6 {+-} 0.7 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT); Gd({sup 9}D{sub 2}), (2.7 {+-} 0.3) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}5.2 {+-} 0.8 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT); Tb({sup 6}H{sub 15/2}), (3.5 {+-} 0.6) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}7.2 {+-} 0.8 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT); Dy({sup 5}I{sub 8}), (2.8 {+-} 0.6) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}9.1 {+-} 0.9 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT); Ho({sup 4}I{sub 15/2}), (2.4 {+-}more » 0.4) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}9.4 {+-} 0.8 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT); Er({sup 3}H{sub 6}), (3.0 {+-} 0.8) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}10.6 {+-} 1.1 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT); Tm({sup 2}F{sub 7/2}), (2.9 {+-} 0.2) x 10{sup {minus}10} exp({minus}11.1 {+-} 0.4 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT),where the uncertainties represent {+-}2{sigma}. The reaction barriers are found to correlate to the energy required to promote an electron out of the 6s subshell. The reaction of Yb({sup 1}S{sub 0}) with O{sub 2} reacts through a termolecular mechanism. The limiting low-pressure third-order rate constants are described in Arrhenius form by {kappa}{sub 0}[Yb({sup 1}S{sub 0})] = (2.0 {+-} 1.3) x 10{sup {minus}28} exp({minus}9.5 {+-} 2.8 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}/RT) molecule{sup {minus}2} cm{sub 6} s{sup {minus}1}.« less
An interprofessional education program's impact on attitudes toward and desire to work with older adults.

Background: Insufficient numbers of health professions students aspire to work with the increasing numbers of the elderly. Although programs exist to promote interest in serving this population, inadequate numbers of health professionals remain an issue. Methods: This study sample consisted of medical (n = 75) and health profession students (n = 210) enrolled in a semester-long interprofessional clinical education program designed to enhance interprofessional teamwork and provide positive exposure to elderly in the community. Each team of three visited an assigned elder three times during the semester. Students were acquainted with their elder and also administered a comprehensive geriatric physical and socioemotional battery of assessments. After each visit, the teams met and held a debriefing with faculty. Attitudes toward older adults and the desire to work with older adults were assessed using the Carolina Opinion of Care of Older Adults. The survey was administered twice: before initiating the semester-long program and immediately after program completion. Results: Total score and subscale scores were compared pre- and post-experience. Scores on the subscale “Early Interest in Geriatrics” were significantly higher postexperience compared to pre-experience. Scores on the remaining subscales and the total score remained unchanged. Discussion: Results indicate that exposure to elderly adults may increase the interest in working with this population and does not diminish attitudes toward the elderly. Longer exposure may be needed to invoke attitudinal changes across additional subtests.
Hydrochlorothiazide Is Superior to Isradipine for Reduction of Left Ventricular Mass: Results of a Multicenter Trial

Objectives. We sought to determine the efficacy of isradipine in reducing left ventricular (LV) mass and wall thickness in hypertensive patients. Background. LV hypertrophy on the echocardiogram is a strong predictor of cardiovascular events. Reduction of LV mass may be a desirable goal of drug therapy for hypertension. However, although thiazide diuretic drugs have been advocated as first-line therapy for hypertension, their efficacy in reducing LV mass has been questioned. Methods. Patients with mild to moderate diastolic hypertension and LV mass in excess of 1 SD of normal values were randomized to isradipine (n = 89) or hydrochlorothiazide therapy (n = 45). Evaluations were obtained at baseline, after 3 and 6 months of treatment and 2 weeks after treatment was stopped. Results. At 6 months, LV mass decreased by 43 ± 45 g (mean ± SD) with hydrochlorothiazide (p < 0.001) but only by 11 ± 48 g with isradipine (p = NS; between-group comparison, p < 0.001). Two weeks after drug therapy was stopped, LV mass remained 24 ± 41 g lower than that at baseline in the hydrochlorothiazide group (p = 0.003) but only 7 ± 50 g lower in the isradipine group (p = NS). Septal and posterior wall thicknesses were significantly and equally reduced with both isradipine and hydrochlorothiazide. Greater LV mass reduction with hydrochlorothiazide was related to a 2.8 ± 3.3-mm reduction of LV cavity size with hydrochlorothiazide but no reduction with isradipine. At 6 months of treatment, diastolic blood pressure (BP) by design was equally reduced in both treatment groups. At 3 months, systolic BP was reduced by 17 ± 15 mm Hg with isradipine and by 26 ± 15 and 25 ± 17 mm Hg at 3 and 6 months, respectively, with hydrochlorothiazide (p = 0.003, between-group comparison). However, on stepwise multivariable regression analysis, treatment selection (partial r2= 0.082, p = 0.001), change in average 24-h systolic BP (partial r2= 0.032, p = 0.029) and change in average sitting systolic BP (partial r2= 0.017, p = 0.096) were predictive of LV mass reduction. Conclusions. Despite an equivalent reduction of diastolic BP, 6 months of therapy with hydrochlorothiazide is associated with a substantial reduction of LV mass, greater than that with isradipine. The superior efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide for LV mass reduction is associated with a greater reduction of systolic BP as well as drug selection itself. These data may have important therapeutic implications.
Development of a Hybrid En3DVar Data Assimilation System and Comparisons with 3DVar and EnKF for Radar Data Assimilation with Observing System Simulation Experiments

AbstractA hybrid ensemble–3DVar (En3DVar) system is developed and compared with 3DVar, EnKF, “deterministic forecast” EnKF (DfEnKF), and pure En3DVar for assimilating radar data through perfect-model observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs). DfEnKF uses a deterministic forecast as the background and is therefore parallel to pure En3DVar. Different results are found between DfEnKF and pure En3DVar: 1) the serial versus global nature and 2) the variational minimization versus direct filter updating nature of the two algorithms are identified as the main causes for the differences. For 3DVar (EnKF/DfEnKF and En3DVar), optimal decorrelation scales (localization radii) for static (ensemble) background error covariances are obtained and used in hybrid En3DVar. The sensitivity of hybrid En3DVar to covariance weights and ensemble size is examined. On average, when ensemble size is 20 or larger, a 5%–10% static covariance gives the best results, while for smaller ensembles, more static covariance is benefic...
The mean square error in Kalman filtering sensor selection is approximately supermodular

This work considers the problem of selecting sensors in large scale system to minimize the state estimation mean-square error (MSE). More specifically, it leverages the concept of approximate supermodularity to derive near-optimality certificates for greedy solutions of this problem in the context of Kalman filtering. It also shows that in typical application scenarios, these certificates approach the typical 1/e guarantee. These performance bounds are important because sensor selection problems are in general NP-hard. Hence, their solution can only be approximated in practice even for moderately large problems. A common way of deriving these approximations is by means of convex relaxations. These, however, come with no performance guarantee. Another approach uses greedy search, although also in this case typical guarantees do not hold since the MSE is neither submodular nor supermodular. This issue is commonly addressed by using a surrogate supermodular figure of merit, such as the log det. Unfortunately, this is not equivalent to minimizing the MSE. This work demonstrates that no change to the original problem is needed to obtain performance guarantees.
Real-time gas analysis using mid-infrared microcavities

In-situ gas analysis was demonstrated using a mid-infrared (mid-IR) microcavity. Optical apertures were made of ultrathin silicate membranes using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows that the silicate membrane is transparent in the range 2.5 - 6.0 μm, overlapping with gas absorption lines and therefore enables gas detection applications. CH4, CO2, and N2O were selected as analytes due to their strong absorption bands corresponding to functional group stretching: C-H, C-O, and O-N, respectively. A short response time of subsecond and high accuracy of gas identification were achieved. The chip-scale mid-IR sensor is a new platform for an in-situ, remote, and embedded gas monitoring system.
Pensando acerca del lugar: investigando y leyendo la historia global de la enfermería

En este estudio se considera el lugar como una categoria de analisis. La enfermeria como una disciplina practica y la historia de la enfermeria como un campo de conocimiento. Ambas categorias estan situadas en un area mayor de conciencia global, donde los investigadores se desplazan mas alla de sus paises y estados, estableciendo un contexto primario para la investigacion historica. Al mismo tiempo, el trabajo de la enfermeria es, ha sido y siempre sera un acto privado e intimo. Este estudio considera dos retos para los interesados en explorar como la historia de la enfermeria puede considerar esa yuxtaposicion de lo global y lo local. El primer reto es conceptual y considera las maneras de explorar los estudios nacionales de la historia de la enfermeria de manera mas sistematica. El segundo es estructural y explora como podemos construir un corpo de conocimientos y un grupo de investigadores que trasciendan el lenguaje convencional, las barreras culturales y creen una vibrante comunidad de debate y dialogo.
The Dark Side of Insider Ownership

This paper documents a new cost of insider ownership; we call this the minority-alignment cost. This cost arises when higher insider ownership incentivizes the insider to act in the best interest of a minority of shareholders. These actions thus hurt the interests of the majority of shareholders and therefore firm value. We document evidence consistent with this cost of insider ownership using a natural experiment caused by the 2012 presidential election and the impending fiscal cliff. In this setting, insiders (who are subject to dividend taxes) had a personal incentive to pay out large special dividends, and this incentive was stronger for insiders who owned a larger fraction of the firm. We show that when insider ownership was high, firms were less responsive to the tax incentives of the investor base (i.e., the fraction of taxable vs. non-taxable shareholders). Further, when there was more misalignment (high insider ownership combined with high ownership by non-taxable investors), these decisions had worse valuation implications and often destroyed firm value.
Impact of acculturation on breast cancer treatment and survivorship care among Mexican American patients in Texas.

Given the increasing number and diversity of cancer survivors in the USA and persistent racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer care, we sought to examine the role of acculturation in adherence to recommended surgical treatment and survivorship care recommendations. Study participants included 343 Mexican American women with stage I to III breast cancer who participated in the Ella Binational Breast Cancer Study and were treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, between March 2007 and June 2011. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring acculturation, and clinical and demographic variables were obtained from an institutional database. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine differences in surgical procedures received and adherence to long-term survivorship care by acculturation level. Bilingual (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85–4.02, P = .11) and English-dominant women (OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.02–5.61, P = .04) were more likely to receive breast-conserving surgery (versus mastectomy) than were Spanish-dominant women. Among all patients, adherence to surveillance mammography and clinic visits decreased over time; the decline in clinic visit adherence was statistically significant (P = .005). Although no statistically significant association was found between acculturation and adherence to long-term survivorship care, receipt of breast-conserving surgery (versus mastectomy) was significantly associated with higher adherence to surveillance mammograms. Acculturation may play a role in decision-making about surgical management of breast cancer, and further studies with larger samples are needed to explore its role in adherence to survivorship care recommendations. Findings from this study may help identify patients requiring additional support while making decisions pertaining to their cancer treatment and survivorship care.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of dengue viruses imported into Taiwan during 2011-2016.

A total of 1,596 laboratory-confirmed imported dengue cases were identified in Taiwan during 2011–2016. Most of the imported cases arrived from Southeast Asia as well as the Indian subcontinent, the Pacific region, Latin America, Australia and Africa. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete envelope protein gene sequences from 784 imported dengue virus (DENV) isolates were conducted, and the results suggest that the DENV-1 genotype I and DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype comprise the predominant serotype/genotype of DENV strains circulating in Southeast Asia. The DENV-1 genotype III, DENV-3 genotype III and DENV-4 genotype I and II strains were found to be newly emerging in several Southeast Asian countries. Our results also showed that geographical restrictions of DENV-1 genotype I, DENV-1 genotype III and DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype are becoming blurred, indicating the extensive introductions and continuous expansions of DENV strains between nations in Southeast Asia. In this study, we present the geographic distribution and dynamic transmission of DENV strains circulating in Southeast Asian countries. In addition, we demonstrated local dengue epidemics caused by several imported DENV strains in Taiwan during 2011–2016.
The Experience of Infertility Among African American Couples

The infertility rate among African Americans is higher than that of other ethnicities; yet, it is rarely discussed or acknowledged. There is an abundance of research that contributes to the body of knowledge of infertility among white people, but there is very little that examines the experience for African Americans. This study aimed to explore the experience of infertility among African American couples. Utilizing a phenomenological approach, six married couples were interviewed about their experience of infertility. This approach was used in order to provide a first-person account of the lived experience of infertility for the couples. The findings demonstrate how infertility can be a traumatizing event that is experienced differently by men and women. The distress of the experience challenges one’s sense of self. The findings also suggest how religion and spirituality played a central role in the lives of the couples, helping them to cope with infertility. The personal stories provided by the couples illustrate the profound impact the experience of infertility has had on their lives.
The decomposition of aberrated or turbulent wavefronts into a spatial mode spectrum using optical cavities

It is shown that an aberrated wavefront incident upon a Fabry-Perot optical cavity excites higher order spatial modes in the cavity, and that the spectral width and distribution of these modes is indicative of the type and magnitude of the aberration. The cavities are purely passive and therefore frequency content is limited to that provided by the original light source, unless time-varying content is introduced. To illustrate this concept, spatial mode decomposition and transmission spectrum calculation are simulated on an example cavity; the effects of various phase delays, in the form of two basic Seidel aberrations and a composite of Zernike polynomial terms, are shown using both Laguerre-Gaussian and plane wave incident beams. The aggregate spectral width of the excited cavity modes is seen to widen as the magnitude of the phase delay increases.
An Introductory Review on Cosmic Reionization

The universe goes through several phase transitions during its formative stages. Cosmic reionization is the last of them, where ultraviolet and X-ray radiation escape from the first generations of galaxies heating and ionizing their surroundings and subsequently the entire intergalactic medium. There is strong observational evidence that cosmic reionization ended approximately one billion years after the Big Bang, but there are still uncertainties that will be clarified with upcoming optical, infrared, and radio facilities in the next decade. This article gives an introduction to the theoretical and observational aspects of cosmic reionization and discusses their role in our understanding of early galaxy formation and cosmology.
Synthesis and characterization of dense Gd2Ti2O7 pyrochlore thin films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering

Abstract Thin films of phase-pure pyrochlore Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 have been synthesized by RF magnetron sputtering. The films were prepared from oxide targets in 50%O 2 /Ar atmosphere and deposited on 111 yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates at a temperature of 800 °C. The pyrochlore structure was confirmed via grazing angle X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis also showed that the films were dense and of uniform thickness with surface roughness of approximately 8 nm. The total conductivity measured with AC impedance spectroscopy was found to be independent of thickness and comparable in magnitude to that of bulk Gd 2 Ti 2 O 7 . Differences were observed in the Arrhenius behavior between the bulk and thin film samples and are attributed to varying states of order in the crystalline lattice compounded by different levels of background impurities.
The Process of College Adjustment: Weekly Changes and Racial Differences

This paper provides new insights into the process of college adjustment by examining week-by-week trends in college belonging and well-being within a sample of 12,529 responses from 882 students at...
Abstract 018: Female Offspring of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rat Model Exhibit Insulin Resistance and Tendency Toward Increased Blood Pressure With Aging

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with metabolic dysfunction and elevated blood pressure (BP). Whether daughters born to PCOS mothers exhibit a PCOS phenotype is controvers...
PRADC1: a novel metabolic‐responsive secretory protein that modulates physical activity and adiposity

Interorgan communication mediated by secreted proteins plays a pivotal role in metabolic homeostasis, yet the function of many circulating secretory proteins remains unknown. Here, we describe the ...
A Framework for Mapping Crime Data on Sociological Hypothesis

Data is increasing every second now a days. Interesting facts about the societies can be extracted by converting the data into useful information as user generated content helps to reveal the audience’s perception on different social aspects. Crime is a serious concern all over the world because it affects humans and also the environment surrounding them. Social criminal theories help to identify different aspects of humans that cause the person to commit crime. There is a need to identify the hidden patterns and also the relationship between the data and social theories. In this paper, a framework is proposed that maps the crime data on established social criminal theories. A total of 100 cases have been mapped to check the correctness of the solution. This solution can have great impact on the society to counter the problems of increasing crime and understand the reasons of crime, and also help to take the remedial actions. In this paper, we have considered only social criminal theories, in future we will extend this research by elaborating more criminal theories.
Two, Three, Four, Infinity: The Path to the Four-Valued Logic and Beyond

I give a kind of intellectual history of the so-called “Belnap-Dunn Four-valued Logic,” examining its evolution: the 4-element De Morgan lattice of Antonio Monteiro, and related work of Bialynicki – Birula and Helena Rasiowa, and John Kalman; Timothy Smiley’s 4-element matrix for Belnap’s Tautological Entailment; Dunn’s interpretation in terms of “aboutness;” Bas van Fraassen’s semantics for Tautological Entailment using “facts;” and Dunn’s interpretation in terms of how a sentence can be assigned both true and false, or neither true nor false, as well as the usual two values simply true, or simply false. Of course I discuss Nuel Belnap’s viewing the four values as elements in a “bi-lattice” and his famous use of this interpretation for “How a Computer Should think.” I also examine relationships to Richard Routley and Valerie Routley’s “star semantics.” Moreover, I discuss extension of the 4-valued semantics to the whole system R (allowing nested relevant implications), focusing especially on Edwin Mares’ work.I then examine later adaptations and extensions of the Four-valued Logic, including work by Yaroslav Shramko, Tatsutoshi Takenaka, Dunn, Heinrich Wansing, and Hitoshi Omori on “trilattices.” I also explain my recent extension to an infinite valued “Opinion Tetrahedron” (extending Audun Josang’s Opinion Triangle) which has the four values as its apexes.I end by acknowledging that ideas involving the 4-values date back to classical Indian logic (Sanjay’s “Four Corners”), prior to the sixth century B.C.E.
The aural foreign body space: A review of pediatric ear foreign bodies and a management paradigm.

Abstract Purpose We aim to describe and review the management of pediatric aural foreign bodies (FBs). Methods We performed an observational study and retrospective chart review with statistical analysis of management for patients presenting with aural FBs to the Emergency Department (ED) with or without ENT consultation, or presenting directly to the ENT clinic. Results There were 166 objects in the ears of 155 children. Paper and beads were the most common objects. Micro-alligator forceps and small right-angle hooks were the most commonly used instruments for removal. 60% of patients had attempted removal prior to referral to Otolaryngology, who removed 72% of the FBs in the outpatient setting, 23% in the operating room, and 2.5% in the ED. Conclusion Taking into account certain characteristics of the object reflects an efficient manner in which to determine referral of difficult removals to Otolaryngology. Providers should determine if the FB is very hard or very soft and spherical or cylindrical with secondary consideration of cost to the patient and hospital in order to properly navigate treatment. Soft and irregular objects may be extracted without need for referral to Otolaryngology. Patients with aural FBs that are hard or round, in instances which previous attempts have failed, and/or where there is trauma to the ear should be referred to Otolaryngology to avoid worsening the position of the FB and increasing the chances of requiring removal in the operating room.
High-flow nasal cannula utilization rates and outcomes in bronchiolitis patients

Purpose: Usage of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for bronchiolitis has become increasingly prevalent. However, the effectiveness of HFNC therapy remains controversial. Our goal was to characterize HFNC usage rates and patient outcomes for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis at our institution, and to inform quality improvement efforts to reduce potentially unnecessary HFNC usage. Design: Retrospective patient-level data was extracted from an automated Electronic Data Warehouse (EDW) linked to Epic, our electronic medical record, to determine rates of HFNC usage in bronchiolitis patients, with a smaller subset verified by manual chart review. Included patients were children …
Metatranscriptomic identification of polyamine-transforming bacterioplankton in the Gulf of Mexico

The importance of short-chained aliphatic polyamines (PAs) to bacterioplankton-mediated carbon and nitrogen cycles has been repeatedly proposed. However, bacterial taxa and genes involved in the transformations of different PA compounds and their potential spatial variations remain unclear. This study collected surface bacterioplankton from nearshore, offshore, and open ocean stations in the Gulf of Mexico and examined how metatranscriptomes responded to additions of three single PA model compounds (i.e. putrescine, spermidine, or spermine). Our data showed an overrepresentation of genes affiliated with γ-glutamylation and spermidine cleavage pathways in metatranscriptomes received PA amendments and the expression level of each pathway varied among different PA compounds and sampling locations. PA-transforming taxa were affiliated with Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Proteobacteria and their relative importance was also compound and location specific. These findings suggest that PAs are transformed via multiple pathways and by a diversity of marine bacterioplankton in the Gulf of Mexico. The relative importance of different PA transforming pathways and composition of functional microbial communities may be regulated by nutrient status of local environments.
Optical Probing of Hippocampal Function in a Mouse Model of Demyelination/Remyelination

Nonlinear microscopy of calcium sensors was used to record hippocampal activity during induced demyelination and remyelination of axons for 100 days. Substantial changes to firing rates were identified during demyelination with partial recovery upon remyelination.
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy

A 24-year-old right-handed woman sought a second opinion regarding recurrent spells. They began at 6 months of age and occurred spontaneously without provocation. Her medical history showed she had been diagnosed with clinical depression and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, supported by polysomnography. There were no risk factors for epileptic seizures. She had only one type of clinical event, which occurred during sleep and upon wakening. The events were approximately 30 s in duration and occurred daily, sometimes up to ten times per night. Brain MRI and routine EEGs were normal. Prolonged video-EEG recorded numerous stereotypic events characterized by arousal from sleep, rolling over into the prone position, right hand hyperflexion posturing, repeatedly sitting up, and then lying down with kicking and body rocking. During this time, the EEG was obscured by movement artifact. However, during some of the events, the EEG showed rhythmic 3–4 Hz activity that appeared to evolve in the midline frontal and central head regions (Fig. 22.1).
Magnetic Resonance Guided Navigation of Untethered Microgrippers

Microsurgical tools offer a path to less invasive clinical procedures with improved access, reduced trauma, and better recovery outcomes. There are a variety of rigid and flexible endoscopic devices that have significantly advanced diagnostics and microsurgery. However, they rely on wires or tethers for guidance and operation of small end-effector tools. While untethered physiologically responsive microgrippers have been previously shown to excise tissue from deep gastrointestinal locations in animal models, there are challenges associated with guiding them along paths and moving them to specific locations. In this communication, the magnetic dipole moment of untethered thermally responsive grippers is optimized for efficient coupling to external magnetic resonance (MR) fields. Gripper encapsulation in a millimeter sized wax pellet reduces the friction with the surrounding tissue and MR Navigation (MRN) of a 700 µm sized microgripper is realized within narrow channels in tissue phantoms and in an ex vivo porcine esophagus. The results show convincing proof-of-concept evidence that it is possible to sequentially image, move, and guide a submillimeter functional microsurgical tool in tissue conduits using a commercial preclinical MR system, and when combined with prior demonstrations of physiologically responsive in vivo biopsy are an important step towards the clinical translation of untethered microtools.
Lightweight Identity Authentication Scheme Based on IBC Identity Cryptograph

With the widespread use of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), some defects in PKI management have also been exposed, such as occupying a lot of valuable network resources, needing large storage resources and computing resources. Based on IBC identification cryptograph, this paper proposes a lightweight identity authentication scheme which uses SAKI private key distribution protocol and SM9 national secret algorithm. The scheme mainly includes three parts: online secure distribution of private key, identity authentication, key agreement. And the protocol interaction among Key Generation Center (KGC), Edge Computing Agent and Internet of Things terminal is introduced. Compared with common PKI verification, the lightweight authentication scheme proposed in this paper greatly saves network resources, and has higher security performance, shorter length key and more convenient key management. It can be combined with device identification in the Internet of Things to solve key security problems such as identity authentication, link encryption and data protection in the Internet of Things.
Effects of seeding rate and hybrid relative maturity on yield, nutrient composition, ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility, and predicted milk yield of dairy cows in whole-plant corn forage in subtropical conditions

ABSTRACT Objective We aimed to evaluate the effects of season (SEA), relative maturity (RM), and seeding rate (SR) on yield, nutrient composition, ruminal in vitro NDF digestibility at 30 h, and predicted milk yield in whole-plant corn forage grown in subtropical regions. Materials and Methods During the summer of 2016 and spring of 2017, 3 hybrids varying in RM [118 (RM118); 124 (RM124); and 130 (RM130) d] were planted at 2 different SR [63,000 (63K) or 73,000 (73K) plants/ha] in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks. Data were analyzed as a 2 (SEA) × 3 (hybrid RM) × 2 (SR) factorial using linear mixed model procedures, where hybrid RM, SR, SEA, and all their interactions were fixed effects, and block was the sole random effect. Results and Discussion A 3-way interaction was observed for DM yield, which was greatest (18.0 Mg/ha) for RM130 planted at 63K for summer and RM130 planted at 73K (27.0 Mg/ha) for spring. Later RM hybrids had lower starch concentration and yield, but both were also influenced by season. The NDF concentration was lowest for hybrid RM118. The NDF and TDN yield were both greater for the spring season compared with the summer, but both were influenced by SR. Predicted milk yield per megagram of forage (kg/Mg) and starch yield were both lowest when planted at 63K for hybrid RM130. Greater NDF and lower undigested NDF concentrations were observed in 63K compared with 73K for SR. Applications Seeding rate can be used to increase DM yield, but yield is also affected by hybrid RM and season. Hybrid RM can also be used to increase DM yield with later RM or improve nutrient composition with an earlier RM hybrid by increasing starch concentration and decreasing NDF concentration. Additionally, the greater starch concentration combined with the greater DM yield observed for treatments in the spring season suggest producers should focus their efforts on growing the bulk of corn silage during the spring. Last, different levels of SR and different hybrid RM combinations can be used during different seasons to maximize corn silage productivity.
Bone Health in Older Women

Bone health is important in older women due to the increased risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Over half of people over age 50 in the United States have decreased bone mineral density. Osteoporosis is low bone mineral density due to aging and decrease in sex steroids. Fragility fractures in the hip, vertebrae, and radius can result from osteoporosis. It is important to assess for medical conditions and medications that increase the risk of secondary osteoporosis. The Fracture Risk Assessment Tool is the most widely used tool to determine a patient’s risk for osteoporosis, and all women over 65 and all women over 50 with history of a fragility fracture should be screened for osteoporosis, most commonly with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Prevention of low bone mineral density is key, and the best preventive methods are calcium and vitamin D supplementation and physical activity. For patients with osteoporosis, there are multiple effective pharmacotherapies, including bisphosphonates, that can improve bone health and prevent associated morbidity.
A Sociopolitical Perspective on Employee Innovativeness and Job Performance: The Role of Political Skill and Network Structure

We adopt a sociopolitical perspective to examine how an employee’s political skill works in conjunction with social network structure to relate to the employee’s innovation involvement and job performance. We find that employee innovation involvement mediates the relationship between political skill and job performance and that the number of structural holes employees have in their social network strengthens the positive relationship between political skill and employee innovation involvement. Hypotheses were tested in a large microprocessor manufacturing firm using a sample of 113 employees responsible for generating technological innovations in support of the development of computer microchips. The results of a constructive replication study among medical professionals provide substantial support for our model. This study’s contribution is in showing that political skill both leads to innovation involvement and enables employees to take advantage of the innovation-enhancing potential of certain social network positions.
Association of body image dissatisfaction, behavioral responses for healthy eating, and cardiovascular health in African-American women with overweight or obesity: A preliminary study.

Abstract Background African-American (AA) women have the lowest prevalence of ideal categorizations of diet and body mass index (BMI), as defined by the American Heart Association (AHA) Life's Simple 7 (LS7) cardiovascular health (CVH) components compared to other racial/ethnic groups, regardless of sex/gender. There is limited research exploring the interplay of unique psychosocial influences on CVH such as body image dissatisfaction (BID) and behavioral responses for healthy eating among AA women with overweight or obesity. Objective This study aimed to assess the association of BID with behavioral responses for healthy eating and LS7 components. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data was conducted among 32 AA women with overweight or obesity from a larger, community-based participatory research study. Self-reported measures were used to assess BID and behavioral responses to healthy eating (diet self-regulation to reduce fat or caloric intake and motivation for healthy eating [intrinsic motivation and integrated regulation]) using previously validated instruments. The LS7 components (e.g., BMI, diet, etc.) and composite score were evaluated using the AHA LS7 metrics rubric. Results Women with no or lower BID had greater diet self-regulation to reduce fat or caloric intake (mean, 3.5 vs 3.0; P=.05), intrinsic motivation for healthy eating (mean, 5.3 vs 4.2; P=.01), and integrated regulation for healthy eating (mean, 5.3 vs 3.7; P=.002) than those with higher BID. These significant differences remained after adjustment for BMI. Women with higher BID had a higher proportion of BMI within the obesity range compared with those with no or lower BID (94.4% vs 57.1%, P=.03). BID was not significantly associated with other LS7 components or composite score. Conclusion BID and other psychosocial influences for healthy eating are potential targets for culturally tailored lifestyle interventions among AA women.
Memory and Awareness

We can remember the learning of some tasks consciously but some leave no conscious trace at all. In his commentary, Schacter summarizes the dependence of memory tasks on conscious awareness. Of particular note are two closely related tasks that differ in their requirement for conscious input, described in an article in this issue by Clark and Squire.
Feeling Valued Matters: An Examination of Instructor Confirmation and Instructional Dissent

This study explored the relationship between effective instructor behavior—instructor confirmation—and a potentially negative student behavior—instructional dissent. Previous studies demonstrate that student characteristics provide a limited explanation for how students express dissent (e.g., Goodboy & Myers, 2012). Thus, scholars have begun to investigate the influence of instructor behaviors along with student characteristics to understand why students express dissent (LaBelle, Martin, & Weber, 2013). This study revealed that instructor confirmation negatively related to expressive and vengeful dissent, but not rhetorical dissent. Further, the three dimensions of instructor confirmation functioned differently in accounting for variance in expressive and vengeful dissent. Future research should build towards a model of instructional dissent model that reflects the unique characteristics of the instructional context and modifiable instructor behaviors.
PKI Scalability Issues

This report surveys different PKI technologies such as PKIX and SPKI and the issues of PKI that affect scalability. Much focus is spent on certificate revocation methodologies and status verification systems such as CRLs, Delta-CRLs, CRS, Certificate Revocation Trees, Windowed Certificate Revocation, OCSP, SCVP and DVCS.
A High-Flux Source of Fusion Neutrons for Material and Component Testing

The inner part of a fusion reactor will have to operate at very high neutron loads. In steady-state reactors the minimum fluence before the scheduled replacement of the reactor core should be at least l0-15 Mw.yr/m2. A more frequent replacement of the core is hardly compatible with economic constraints. A most recent summary of the discussions of these issues is presented in Ref. [l]. If and when times come to build a commercial fusion reactor, the availability of information on the behavior of materials and components at such fluences will become mandatory for making a final decision. This makes it necessary an early development and construction of a neutron source for fusion material and component testing. In this paper, we present information on one very attractive concept of such a source: a source based on a so called Gas Dynamic Trap. This neutron source was proposed in the mid 1980s (Ref. [2]; see also a survey [3] with discussion of the early stage of the project). Since then, gradual accumulation of the relevant experimental information on a modest-scale experimental facility GDT at Novosibirsk, together with a continuing design activity, have made initial theoretical considerations much more credible. We believe thatmore » such a source can be built within 4 or 5 years. Of course, one should remember that there is a chance for developing steady-state reactors with a liquid (and therefore continuously renewable) first wall [4], which would also serve as a tritium breeder. In this case, the need in the neutron testing will become less pressing. However, it is not clear yet that the concept of the flowing wall will be compatible with all types of steady-state reactors. It seems therefore prudent to be prepared to the need of a quick construction of a neutron source. It should also be mentioned that there exist projects of the accelerator-based neutron sources (e.g., [5]). However, they generally have two major disadvantages: a wrong neutron spectrum, with a considerable excess of high-energy neutrons, and smaller test volume. In addition their development requires considerable investments into non-fusion-related technologies, whereas the work on plasma-type sources would certainly boost technology of fusion energy. Broad discussion of these issues can be found in Refs. [3, 6, 7].« less
Genes involved in breast cancer progression: analysis of global changes in gene expression or retroviral tagging?

Address reprint requests to Emmett V. Schmidt, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, 13th St., Building 149, 7th Fl., Charlestown, MA 02129. E-mail: .ude.dravrah.hgm.xileh@tdimhcs
Arrays of low‐temperature plasma probes for ambient ionization mass spectrometry

RATIONALE This paper reports the development of arrays of capillary-based low-temperature plasma (LTP) probes for direct sample analysis. These probe arrays allow a higher surface area to be analyzed, increasing the throughput in large sample analysis. Validation of these arrays was performed on illicit, cathinone-based drugs marketed as 'bath salts'. METHODS LTP arrays consisting of 1, 7, and 19 probes were constructed with quartz capillaries and held together with silver epoxy resin adhesive. Three drugs, mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone, were analyzed with each plasma ion source and an ion trap mass spectrometer in full MS and in MS/MS positive ion mode. Chemical and thermal footprints were determined for each source. A reactive probe design was used to inject trifluoroacetic anhydride directly into the plasma stream for on-line derivatization. RESULTS Small LTP probes and bundled arrays provide low picogram level limits of detection for mephedrone, methylone and methylenedioxypyrovalerone. Bundling the probes together in larger arrays increases the surface area analyzed by a factor of ten, while maintaining surface temperatures below 40 °C. Selectivity towards mephedrone and methylone was increased using trifluoracetylation under ambient ionization conditions. CONCLUSIONS Low-temperature plasma ionization sources allow rapid detection of illicit 'bath salt' drugs in low amounts. The sources have a larger sampling area that allows faster detection of each analyte, and selectivity towards the selected drug is enhanced by adding reagents directly into the plasma stream. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The distribution of intravenously administered yttrium chloride (carrier free) in the rhesus monkey.

Abstract Intravenous carrier-free doses of yttrium to the rhesus monkey is deposited mainly in bone and organs with phagocytic activity. The metabolic pattern of yttrium in the monkey does not differ from that of species such as the rat, dog, and rabbit. The pretreatment of a rhesus monkey with 25 mg/kg of Zymosan, i.v., 3 days previously produced no identifiable change with respect to the blood clearance, distribution, and excretion of yttrium in this limited number of experiments.
Comparison of Solidification Behavior Between Underwater Wet Welding and Dry Welding

The solidification substructure, both mode and size, has influence on the mechanical properties of weld joints. Controlling the solidification substructure by obtaining finer grains will generally result in enhancement of the weld joint quality and properties. Thus, it is essential to understand how welding parameters including voltage, current and weld travel speed as well as the welding environment (air and water) affect the solidification substructure. This work presents the effects of welding parameters on columnar grain morphology for both wet and dry welds. Also it compares the solidification rate and columnar grain size (width and length) between the dry welds and wet welds. For fair comparison, the welding parameters of both dry welds and wet welds were maintained similar. The solidification rate of wet welds is faster than that for the dry welds. A maximum difference of 22% was observed at half distance from the fusion line to the weld centerline. For wet welds, the observations revealed that the average columnar grain width and length of wet welds decrease with increasing electrode angle and decreasing welding travel speed. On the other hand, the columnar grain width decreased with increasing welding current. Also, as the welding current increased the average columnar grain length increases. Dry welds differed from wet welds in that the columnar grain average length decreased as the welding current increases. Moreover, the wet weld columnar grains are finer than those found in the dry welds at low welding current, namely 110A and 120A, whereas the wet weld columnar grains are comparable or coarser at high welding current, e.g.130 A and 140A. Statistical analysis of the columnar grain aspect ratio data set using Student’s-t test resulted in low t-value, 0.329 for low current welds, while high t-value, 7.775, was obtained for the welds made at high welding current. Results revealed that the columnar grain morphology in wet welds and dry welds are statistically different at low welding current 110A while columnar grains in dry and wet welds are similar at high welding current 140A.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The Use of an Invented Language Rule in the Differentiation of Normal and Language-Impaired Spanish-Speaking Children

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the results of a language-teaching procedure could be used to identify specific language-impaired children in a group of bilingual children with limited English proficiency (LEP). An invented morpheme was taught to two groups of LEP children who had been previously identified as normal and specific language-impaired. The language-impaired group learned the morpheme at a slower rate than the normal children, thus allowing the two groups to be differentiated. The approach promises to circumvent many of the obstacles that impede current practices for identifying language impairment in the LEP population.
Staining for protease activity on polyacrylamide gels

Abstract A method for staining electrophoresis gels for proteolytic activity of both serine and sulfhydryl enzymes is described. The gels are incubated in the presence of azocoll powder and then scanned.
National, regional, and corporate planning methodologies—system dynamics versus simultaneous equation using regression

Abstract This paper compares two distinct large scale modeling approaches—Systems Dynamics and Simultaneous-Equation Regression—in terms of methodological features and user friendliness. The circumstances under which one methodology may be more appropriate than the other is explored. Several suggestions are made regarding the practical choice of one approach over the other.