cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What's wrong with these reviews, August 1990

Se vuol ballare, signor Contino, il chitarino, le suonero. – Figaro The story you are about to read is true. The names, to be sure, have been changed, but not to protect the innocent. Professor Mozart would have been only too pleased for me to use his real name, but we agreed that you, dear reader, might think you were reading a piece of special pleading on behalf of a particular person. Far from it. The point of my tale is not that one physicist has been badly dealt with by the National Science Foundation; indeed Mozart has been very well treated over the years and considers himself lucky to have escaped this time with the wherewithal to keep supporting a solitary graduate student. No, the point of this tale is to illustrate more vividly than reams of surveys or statistics could possibly convey what has happened to NSF support for research in condensed-matter theory. Condensed-matter theorists have been maintaining for some time, in these pages and even on the op-ed page of The New York Times , that their discipline is being starved by NSF. In reply, NSF has insisted that things are hard all over, and scientists from all over have tended to agree. So I offer the tale of Professor Mozart as a benchmark against which to test the plight of your own field. Have things like this been happening to people in your corner of science? My tale begins several months ago, when NSF phoned Professor Mozart to tell him that a small condensed-matter theory grant he shared with Professor Beethoven would be renewed, but with a 20% cut—Mozart was to lose 30% and Beethoven 10%. Mozart was told that four of the five reviewers had given the proposal E's (the highest possible rating) and one a G (two notches down from the top or two notches up from the bottom, depending on the case you're trying to make). Mozart was informed that he, not Beethoven, was responsible for this blemish, and was urged to get his act together if he expected to get any support at all in the next round. Mozart, who knows perfectly well how things stand in condensed-matter theory and had been expecting far worse, was actually relieved by this turn of events.
Feasibility of Oxytetracycline Marking Fingerling White Bass

AbstractChemical batch marks with compounds such as oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) can be useful for estimates of stock contribution. However, no information currently exists on the feasibility of marking fingerling White Bass Morone chrysops with OTC. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of mortality on White Bass when immersed in solutions of OTC at 0, 350, and 500 mg/L at intervals up to 96 h postimmersion and to assess the quality of marks on sagittal otoliths 14 d postmarking. A total of 900 White Bass (29–41 mm) were utilized with 100 fish used in three replicates per treatment. No differences in mortality rates were detected among control and treatment groups up to 96 h postmarking. Cumulative mortality rates were ≤6.7%. Mark visibility was ranked on a scale of 0–3; mean mark score was higher in the 500-mg/L treatment (2.5) than the 350-mg/L treatment (2.0). Batch-marking fingerling White Bass using the 500-mg/L marking solution provided visible marks and low mortality rate...
In vivo multipinhole helical SPECT of a mouse thyroid

Radioiodine imaging using I for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is particularly suitable for studies of the mouse thyroid gland based upon the ability to detect and track emitted gamma radiation. However, the resolution available with parallel-hole SPECT limits the extraction of fine detail in the bilobal structure of a mouse thyroid gland. Though high-resolution single-pinhole imaging is a promising tool, high administered radioactivity is usually required in order to compensate for its low sensitivity without compromising the quality of image reconstruction. Consequentially one must consider the potential high-dose effects on small animals such as mice. Herein we applied multipinhole helical SPECT to address the issues related to in vivo imaging of the mouse thyroid. We have carried out "proof-of-concept" studies using both phantoms and mice and further validated the efficacy of multipinhole helical SPECT by monitoring molecular expression of a transmembrane ion channel called the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) responsible for 125I metabolism. In vivo two-pinhole helical SPECT of the mouse thyroid has been successfully achieved with a dose of 200 muCi Na125I. The reconstructed images clearly delineated the bilobal structure of the thyroid region. Complementary results from immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) verified that radioiodine incorporation in the thyroid gland reflects NIS expression. The present studies demonstrate that multipinhole helical SPECT is suitable for in vivo analysis of the mouse thyroid at the molecular level, suggesting potential molecular imaging applications for a variety of biological studies of NIS-expressing tissues in mice such as stomach or mammary tumors.
Mortality from breast carcinoma among US women: the role and implications of socio-economics, heterogeneous insurance, screening mammography, and geography.

Despite rapid advances in medicine and beneficial lifestyle changes, the incidence and mortality rate of gynecologic carcinoma remains high worldwide. This paper presents the econometric model findings of the major drivers of breast cancer mortality among US women. The results have implications for public health policy formulation on disease incidence and the drivers of mortality risks. The research methodology is a fixed-effects GLS regression model of breast cancer mortality in US females age 25 and above, using 1990–1997 time-series data pooled across 50 US states and DC. The covariates are age, years schooled, family income, 'screening' mammography, insurance coverage types, race, and US census region. The regressions have strong explanatory powers. Finding education and income to be significantly and positively correlated with mortality supports the 'life in the fast lanes' hypothesis of Phelps. The policy of raising a woman's education at a given income appears more beneficial than raising her income at a given education level. The relatively higher mortality rate for Blacks suggests implementing culturally appropriate set of disease prevention and health promotion programs and policies. Mortality differs across insurance types with Medicaid the worst suggesting need for program reform. Mortality is greater for women ages 25–44 years, females 40–49 years who have had screening mammography, smokers, and residents of some US states. These findings suggest imposing more effective tobacco use control policies (e.g., imposing a special tobacco tax on adult smokers), creating a more tractable screening mammography surveillance system, and designing region-specific programs to cut breast cancer mortality risks.
Boosting Non-Graph Matching Feature-Based Face Recognition with a Multi-Stage Matching Strategy

In this paper, a multi-stage matching strategy is proposed to boost the performance of a non-graph matching feature-based face recognition. As the gallery size increases, the problem of recognition degradation gradually arises, due to the fact that the correct matching of feature points becomes more and more difficult. Other than only one round of matching in traditional methods, the multi-stage matching strategy determines the recognition result step by step. Instead of finding the best one matching, each step picks out a small portion of the training candidates and removes the others. The behavior of picking and removing repeats until the number of remaining candidates is small enough to produce the final result. Two multi-stage matching algorithms, n-ary elimination and divide and conquer, are introduced into the non-graph matching feature-based method from the perspectives of global and local, respectively. The experimental result shows that with the multi-stage matching strategy, the recognition accuracy of the non-graph matching feature-based method is evidently boosted. Moreover, the improvement level also increases with the gallery size.
Medial external fixation for staged treatment of closed calcaneus fractures: Surgical technique and case series:

The derangement in calcaneal morphology after a fracture can be significant and is often associated with severe soft tissue envelop problems. Medial calcaneal external fixation is useful for early restoration of calcaneal morphology and the corresponding soft tissue envelop. When performed in a stepwise fashion, external fixation can successfully restore normal calcaneal height, length, width, and coronal plane alignment. For severely displaced joint depression and broken tongue-type calcaneus fractures where open treatment is the preferred strategy, early external fixation restores the normal soft tissue tension, allows a stable environment for soft tissue recovery, and facilitates the definitive operation by restoring and maintaining overall calcaneal architecture. We describe the stepwise approach to calcaneal reduction and external fixation and report a case series demonstrating this method is safe and effective for staged management of severely displaced calcaneus fractures.
Model creation and electronic structure calculation of amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide: a classical/ab initio hybrid approach

Amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide (a-BC:H), grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of orthocarborane precursors, is an amorphous molecular solid with strong short range order, no long range order, and unknown medium range order. Determination of the structure of a-BC:H is an essential prerequisite for obtaining predictive control over its fabrication. The aim of this work is to establish an approach for modeling molecular amorphous solids, as well as to create and analyze geometry optimized models of a-BC:H that are consistent with experimental data from the literature. The modeling process combines classical molecular dynamics and ab initio electronic structure methods. Further, general trends were established between the composition and electronic structure properties. The total density of states shows semi-metal behavior with an approach toward semi-conducting behavior with reduced H content. A similar but weaker trend was apparent for B content. Also, the percent contents of both hydrogen and boron were found to be inversely proportional to the dielectric constant. These electronic structure results are in line with other experimental results reported in the literature. The proposed modeling method was found to be suitable and effective for a-BC:H and its applicability to other members of this family of solids is also expected.
Hydrogen bond directed surface dynamics at tactic poly(methyl methacrylate)/water interface

The complexity of induced ordering for tactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films in contact with water is examined through all-atom molecular dynamics with validated potentials. We observe that for the water molecules that are hydrogen bonded to the PMMA surface, the isotactic and atactic PMMA show a 33% longer relaxation time compared to syndiotactic PMMA. Almost 94% of hydrogen bonds are with the carbonyl groups of PMMA, irrespective of temperature and tacticity. The stability in re-orientation and nature of hydrogen bond participation for the carbonyl groups as well as about 20% higher interaction energies of carbonyl group hydrogen bonded with water for atactic form indicates existence of cooperative effects. Quantifying the dynamics of hydrogen bond at the tactic interface is important in understanding the role tacticity plays in controlling adhesion and biocompatibility, a design choice that has been gaining ground in the soft material science community.
para-Xylene Ultra-selective Zeolite MFI Membranes Fabricated from Nanosheet Monolayers at the Air–Water Interface

The control of membrane morphology and microstructure is crucial to improve the separation performance of molecular-sieve membranes. This can be enabled by making thin, dense, and uniform seed-crystal coatings, which are then intergrown into continuous membranes. Herein, we show a novel and simple floating particle coating method can give closely packed monolayers of zeolite nanosheets on nonporous or porous supports. The zeolite nanosheet monolayer is formed at the air-water interface in a conical Teflon trough. As the water in the trough is drained, the monolayer is deposited on a support placed below. Membranes prepared by gel-free secondary growth of the nanosheets deposited by this method show unprecedented ultra-selective performance for separation of para- from ortho-xylene (separation factor >10 000).
Asymptotic analysis and optimization design of physical layer systematic rateless codes

In this paper, we first provide the asymptotic analysis of systematic version of Luby transform (LT) and Raptor codes over binary input additive white Gaussian noise (BIAWGN) channel using discretized density evolution (DDE). We then use a DDE-based optimization approach to obtain optimized output degree distributions for the systematic Raptor (SR) codes of various realized code-rates. We finally provide the decoding thresholds and simulation results showing that our optimized SR codes largely outperform the traditional SR codes in BIAWGN channel.
Preparing and Submitting a Competitive Grant Application

Preparing a competitive grant application can be a challenging endeavor. Grantsmanship encompasses the many timeintensive, complex tasks involved in planning, writing, and submitting a competitive grant application to a funding organizations. Due to limited funds and strong competition, successful biomedical researchers submit concurrent grants to several funding organizations throughout their careers. The goals and policies of the different funding organizations complicate grantsmanship for researchers and for research administrators at their institutions. However, a mastery of grantsmanship is critical for research success. Note: The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) maintains an extensive grantsmanship resource entitled “All About Grants Tutorials” ( http://www.niaid.nih. gov/ncn/grants/) that may be of use as a general resource for all grant application processes. This section addresses several aspects of grantsmanship including why applications succeed or fail, tips for preparing a competitive grant application, the review criteria by which applications are evaluated, submission of an application, an overview of the peer-review system and what happens during a review meeting. In addition, relevant policy and resource guidance is provided concerning the submission of applications and post award management. Although this section focuses on the processes for applying for NIAID/National Institutes of Health (NIH) research funds, the information also has potential value to investigators seeking funds from other federal agencies or private organizations.
Edge Crack Detection: A Theoretical and Experimental Study

Detection of cracks close to an edge by conventional eddy current techniques is difficult, owing to the significant background signal from the edge. It is necessary to develop methods for minimizing the effect of the background signal, thereby increasing the probability of detection. The edge signal is known to be influenced by a number of factors and it is essential to characterize these in order to minimize its influence. This study aims at developing a good understanding of these factors so as to facilitate the development of such techniques. A boundary element method (BEM) approach was used to model the signal due to the edge and to compare with experimental measurements. Experiments were conducted on electro-discharge machined (EDM) slots in the vicinity of an edge using both absolute and differential probes. The influence of orientation of a differential probe on the signal from the crack and the edge was also studied. We report on the development of improved methods to reduce the influence of signal due to the edge by appropriate use of differential probes and with the aid of signal processing. An inexpensive physical technique which results in a improved detectability was also developed.
Andere Plasmide als F

Die Vielfalt identifizierter Plasmide ist verwirrend. Eine Untersuchung von Krankenhaus-Isolation verschiedener enterischer Bakterien und Pseudomonas ergab bei 87 getesteten Isolaten 34 mit mindestens einem Plasmidtyp, und viele enthielten mehr als ein Plasmid. Plasmide sind auch in nicht-pathogenen Bakterien vorhanden und spielen bei der Adaptation der Wirtszelle an ihre Umgebung eine wichtige Rolle. Eine vor kurzem erschienene Aufstellung enthalt mehr als 1 000 verschiedene naturlich vorkommende Plasmide, uberwiegend aus Gram-negativen Organismen isoliert. Allein von E. coli sind 269 naturliche Plasmide beschrieben. Wenn weitere Bakterien, wie die Gram-positiven Organismen und die Cyanobakterien naher untersucht sind, wird die Zahl der Plasmide sicher noch zunehmen.
Using Cases to Support Divergent Roles in Distributed Collaboration.

Case-based reasoning has been applied successfully to many diagnostic tasks, and much attention has been directed towards maximizing performance of the case-based diagnostic process. In distributed collaboration contexts, however, high-performance CBR alone may not be sufficient: individual abilities and organizational roles introduce unique constraints on how support should be applied. To maximize the usefulness of a case-based support system, system design must reflect divergent user capabilities and roles. This paper presents a case study of a CBR-based system to support collaborative distributed troubleshooting by ad hoc teams of sailors and shipboard experts. It shows how case sharing between participants can be used to increase confidence and aid situation assessment, “jump-starting” the aid process. It also shows how information from cases can be used to streamline communication between collaborators, and how the communication process needed to handle novel situations can be exploited as a natural vehicle for dialogue-driven generation of new cases to fill gaps in the existing case-base.
Nutritional Challenges in Patients After Intestinal Autotransplantation and Ex Vivo Surgery.

Background Intestinal autotransplantation (IATx) and ex vivo resection is a novel surgical strategy to treat patients with unresectable abdominal neoplasms involving the mesenteric root. Nutritional challenges after IATx and ex vivo surgery have not been well described. Methods Eleven patients, aged 7-68 years (median, 49 years) underwent IATx and ex vivo resection at our center from 2009 to 2016. A retrospective chart review was performed to evaluate nutrition status, tolerance of an oral diet, and need for parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral (EN) nutrition. These factors were assessed preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively. Results Prior to surgery, 10 of 11 patients were tolerating oral diets without need for additional PN or EN. Postoperatively, PN was initiated in all patients from 1-15 days after surgery (median, 5 days) and continued from 12-122 days (median, 32.5 days), except for of 1 patient who underwent a total enterectomy and required subsequent allotransplantation with ongoing PN. EN was initiated in 9 patients from 4-117 days after surgery (median, 17 days) and has been ongoing in 5 patients. Oral diets were initiated in all patients from 5-115 days (median, 14 days) postoperatively; at 3 months, 11 of 12 patients were tolerating oral diets. Conclusion IATx and ex vivo resection presents a unique challenge with respect to nutrition management. Patients undergoing these complex surgeries may have difficulty maintaining adequate nutrition with an oral diet alone in the immediate postoperative period and beyond and may require prolonged nutrition support.
Migrants as educators: reversing the order of beneficence

The discussion of migrants’ education focuses generally on whether and how host countries should educate their migrant populations, examining the goals and moral principles underlying educational services for immigrants. While apparently innocuous, such formulations of the issue stipulate a framework with clear roles: host countries are posited as providers and immigrants as recipients of services. Host countries are, thus, placed in a hierarchical position of ‘granting’ belonging, ‘granting’ services, ‘granting’ education, as benefactors, whether for the purposes of duty, utility, or justice. In this paper, I challenge this unidirectional order of beneficence. I propose that the inclusion of migrants in public institutions should more properly be viewed (also) as providing a necessary good/service for the host communities. The encounter with the alien, the foreign, the migrant, in oneself and in one's world, forces individuals and communities to reflect on what and who they are as well as what an...
Structured Uncertainty: How Creativity Thrives Under Constraints and Uncertainty

Creativity is often associated with slogans like “think outside the box,” which imply that creativity dwells outside of constraints. Given that schools and classrooms are filled with constraints, including increased pressures from accountability mandates, it makes sense that people may come to believe that creativity is under duress, in a state of crisis, or that “schools kill creativity.” In this chapter, I offer an alternative perspective. More specifically, I discuss how creativity always operates in constraints and that creative expression emerges from structured experiences with uncertainty. Rather than viewing constraints as stifling creativity, I argue that they actually serve as a supportive structure for creative thought and action in educational settings.
THE DIFFERENT ORIGINS OF MULTIPLE MOLECULAR FORMS OF PHOSPHOGLUCOSE ISOMERASE

ABSTRACT. Crystalline phosphoglucose isomerase from rabbit muscle can be resolved into several different protein components by column chromatography on carboxymethyl Sephadex. These multiple forms are indistinguishable with respect to over-all amino acid composition except for a different accessibility of their sulfhydryl groups to p-mercuribenzo-ate. They can be interconverted both by treatment with dithiothreitol and by exposure to oxidative conditions, indicating that they represent different states of the same protein rather than genetically dissimilar protein species. In contrast, the isozymes of phosphoglucose isomerase from brewers' yeast exhibit significant differences in their primary structures as reflected in considerable variations in their tryptic peptide maps.
A novel approach to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for soft tissue sarcoma using cisplatin and adriamycin.

e22515Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are heterogeneous solid tumors of mesenchymal cell origin, often difficult to manage. Local recurrence of extremity STS with surgery alone ranges from 5...
Aqueous methods for the synthesis of colloidal metal oxide nanoparticles at ambient pressure

Abstract Colloidal metal oxide nanocrystals are important building blocks for the fabrication of nanostructured metal oxides for applications in biology, chemistry, energy, the environment, and electronics. Water as a solvent has many benefits. It is chemically stable, abundant, safe, and green. The formation of a complex metal cation precursor is generally the onset for the growth of metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. Once the precursors are present and reach the supersaturated level, the condensation reaction takes place rapidly and forms nuclei that are the seed material for the subsequent growth of nanoparticles. The particle size and morphology depend on the stability and solubility of the nanoparticles. The secondary growth process that occurs during the aging process through the dissolution-crystallization mechanism can control the nanoparticle size and size distribution. The nanoparticles could also aggregate and subsequently proceed into the gel status via the aging process or, on the other hand, could remain as a stable sol status, which depends on the physicochemical condition of the solution. In this chapter, we discuss the nucleation, growth, stabilization, and the effect of fluid flow on the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles. An example for the synthesis and assembly of ZnO using a microreactor-assisted chemical process is included at the end of the chapter as an example of scalable manufacturing of metal oxide nanocrystals, nanostructures, and nanostructured thin films.
Induction of Labor

Induction of labor is the deliberate initiation of labor by artificial means (either mechanic or pharmacologic) in advanced pregnancy, before labor starts spontaneously. Induction of labor has been practiced for a long time, and the list of the means and techniques used for that purpose is long and varied. Many of these have become obsolete and are now part of medical history because of the advances over the last two decades in understanding the physiology of late pregnancy and labor. Thanks to this better knowledge, proper uterine stimulation in late pregnancy and labor has become one of the most important skills of a competent obstetrician. Labor, properly induced, is of extraordinary help to obstetrician and patient, but when improperly used, it may be so dangerous as to be catastrophic. The number of cases of obstetric misadventures reported in maternal mortality statistics, and severe complication seminars attest to the importance of the proper training and experience required to use this technique safely and successfully.
The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor exposure on coronary artery bypass grafting.

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the impact of preoperative angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) exposure on outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS Isolated CABGs from January 2010 to January 2018 at a single institution were included. Primary stratification was based on exposure to an ACEi within 48-hours of CABG. Propensity-matching with a 1:1 ratio was performed to generate cohorts with comparable baseline characteristics. Primary outcomes included operative mortality and morbidity rates as well as prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Secondary outcomes included hospital readmission. RESULTS Five-thousand two hundred seventy propensity-matched patients underwent isolated CABG. Baseline characteristics were comparable between those exposed and unexposed to ACEi, with a Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality of 2.4% in each group (P = .98). Rates of postoperative renal failure (5.0% vs 8.2%; P = .002), new-onset dialysis (1.2% vs 2.2%; P = .004), and prolonged ventilation (7.0% vs 13.4%; P < .0001) were higher in patients without ACEi exposure. The rates of prolonged ICU stay were similar (25.8% vs 27.7%; P = .127). ACEi exposed patients had lower unadjusted (1.7% vs 2.8%; P = .009) and risk-adjusted hazards for mortality at 30-days (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.40, 0.88; P = .01). Overall readmission rates were similar. Similar findings persisted when limiting the analysis to CABGs performed with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. CONCLUSIONS This study of 5270 propensity-matched patients suggests that ACEi can safely be continued until the time of CABG without an adverse impact on clinical outcomes, and in fact, may confer an early survival advantage and reduced postoperative renal failure rates.
Do Black Politicians Matter? Evidence from Reconstruction

This paper exploits the history of Reconstruction after the American Civil War to estimate the effect of politician race on public finance. While the effect of black politicians is positive and significant, black officials may be endogenous to electoral preferences for redistribution. I therefore use the number of free blacks in the antebellum era (1860) as an instrument for black political leaders during Reconstruction. Instrumental variables (IV) estimates show that an additional black official increased per capita county tax revenue by $0.20, more than an hour’s wage at the time. The effect was not persistent, however, disappearing entirely once black politicians were removed from office at Reconstruction’s end. Consistent with the stated policy objectives of black officials, I find positive effects of black politicians on land tenancy and black literacy. These results suggest that black political leaders had large effects on public finance and individual outcomes over and above electoral preferences.
Synthesizing Solutions across the Lifespan: Early Career Solutions

For physicians, the early career phase spans medical training (medical school, residency, fellowship) through the initial years of post-training employment. While the transition out of the trainee role marks an important inflection point, this period is unified by a focus on developing knowledge, clinical skills, and scope of practice and by establishing greater professional authority and identity. Several issues may uniquely affect the risk for burnout in women during this phase, including the realities of negotiating work obligations with the demands of relationship-, community-, and family-building which are common during this chronological and developmental timeframe. Issues related to reproduction are often salient. Productivity expectations—particularly those established in academic settings within a historical context that was male-dominated—may need adjustment to account for these factors. Additionally, the evolution of authority that must occur during this phase can be impacted by gendered expectations of performance in the workplace. This chapter proposes both individual and organizational solutions to prevent and manage burnout in women during this critical early phase of career development. To organize these solutions, we utilize the Stanford School of Medicine wellness framework which conceptualizes three major domains that impact wellness: Culture, Efficiency of Practice, and Resiliency.
Being a Latina/o immigrant parent in the United States: Links with parents’ and adolescents’ mental health and health risk behaviors

Abstract Many Hispanic families decide to immigrate to the United States to improve the future of their children and families. However, once in the United States, immigrant parents and adolescents can face antiimmigrant attitudes and policies, which may hinder adolescents' and families' social mobility, thereby, adversely affecting their mental and behavioral health. Cultural stressors have been documented among Hispanic families, and research supports significant associations between cultural stressors and youth/parents' mental and behavioral health. Hispanic parents also face barriers when navigating US social institutions such as schools, government agencies, health and mental health service providers, and public programs that support families. These barriers can be a source of stress and impact parents' and youths' mental and behavioral health. In this chapter, we will review the literature on the experiences of Hispanic parents and their association with youths' and parents' mental and behavioral health. We will discuss recommendations for future research.
Time-dependent approach to inelastic scattering spectroscopies in and away from equilibrium: Beyond perturbation theory

We propose a nonperturbative numerical approach to calculate the spectrum of a many-body Hamiltonian with time and momentum resolution by exactly recreating a scattering event using the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. Akin to an actual inelastic scattering experiment, we explicitly account for the incident and scattered particles (e.g., photons, neutrons, electrons, etc.) in the Hamiltonian and obtain the spectrum by measuring the energy and momentum lost by the particle after interacting with the sample. We illustrate the method by calculating the spin excitations of a Mott-insulating Hubbard chain after a sudden quench with the aid of the time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method. Our formalism can be applied to different forms of spectroscopies, such as neutron and Compton scattering and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, for instance.
Electron-impact double ionization of He (1s2s 3 S)

A time-dependent close-coupling method for three-electron atomic systems is used to calculate the electron-impact double ionization of the He ($1s2s$ $^3S$) excited state. Partial cross sections are calculated for total angular momenta from $\cal{L}$ = 0 -5. An exponential fitting expression is used to extend the calculated partial cross sections to $\cal{L}$ = 6-40. The total cross sections at three different incident energies are compared with recent crossed-beams measurements and are found to lie with the experimental error bars. The magnitude of the double ionization cross section is found to be similar to that of the double ionization cross section from the ground state of he.
Rank on Emotional Intelligence, Unlearning and Self-Leadership

Propelled from the inner circle after publishing The Trauma of Birth (1924), Otto Rank jettisoned Freud's science of knowing because it denied the intelligence of the emotions. Transforming therapy from knowing to being-in-relationship, Rank invented modern object-relations theory, which advocates continual learning, unlearning and relearning: that is, cutting the chains that bind us to the past. Separating, no matter how anxiety-provoking, from outworn phases of life, including previously taken-for-granted ideologies and internalized others, is essential for self-leadership. In 1926, Rank coined the terms “here-and-now” and “pre-Oedipal.” By 1926, Rank had formulated a model of “creative willing”—self-leadership infused with the intelligence of the emotions—as the optimal way of being-in-relationship with others.
Design and Analysis of High Heat Flux Plasma-Facing Components for NSTX Upgrade

The National Spherical Tokamak Experiment (NSTX) upgrade (NSTX-U) requirements lead to enhanced heat loads on plasma-facing components (PFCs) especially in the divertor regions, where normal heat flux density can reach up to 8 MW/m2. For these high heat flux (HHF) regions, the PFCs were redesigned, to use castellations which relieved the thermal stresses associated with high incident heat flux. Another design feature of HHF PFCs is the absence of front face mounting holes which create localized areas of high temperature and thermal stress concentrations. Optimized shaping of the front face of the HHF PFCs eliminates regions where the front face is perpendicular to the heat flux direction during normal helicity operation and spreads the heat load. A unique mechanism was designed to connect PFC tiles to the NSTX-U center stack casing using locking features accessible from the low heat flux regions. Isotropic graphite was selected as the HHF PFC tile material. Initial tile design parameters were accessed using analytical expressions for pulsed heat flux loading. A working prototype of the locking mechanism was created during the initial stages of the design to prove the concept performance. This article presents an overview of the divertor HHF PFC design and the results of the thermal and structural analyses performed using ANSYS software. The results of the analyses cover normal operating conditions and disruptions which impose electromagnetic (EM) loads from eddy and halo currents. The 3-D, transient, nonlinear analyses took into account the temperature-dependent properties of the materials, friction interfaces between the parts, and variable electric properties of the parts and interfaces. The results confirm that the HHF PFC tiles remain within the allowable limits for the loads defined by the NSTX-U Recovery Project. In addition, tolerance stack up analyses were performed to ensure tile performance in the worst possible assembly configuration. The design process was completed successfully, and the NSTX HHF PFC tiles are currently in the production phase.
The Law of One Price in Equity Volatility Markets

This paper documents law of one price violations in equity volatility markets. While tightly linked by no-arbitrage restrictions, the prices of VIX futures exhibit significant deviations relative to their option-implied upper bounds. Static arbitrage opportunities occur when the prices of VIX futures violate their bounds. The deviations widen during periods of market stress and predict the returns of VIX futures. A relative value trading strategy based on the deviation measure earns a large Sharpe ratio and economically significant alpha-to-margin. There is evidence that systematic risk and demand pressure contribute to the variation in the no-arbitrage deviations over time.
Potential roles of experimental reproductive technologies in infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve

In assisted reproductive technology treatment, diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a condition of utmost clinical and scientific relevance because of its negative influence on patient outcomes. The current methods of infertility treatment may be unsuitable for many women with DOR, which support the need for development of additional approaches to achieve fertility restoration. Various techniques have been tried to improve the quality and increase the quantity of oocytes in DOR patients, including mitochondrial transfer, activation of primordial follicles, in vitro culture of follicles, and regeneration of oocytes from various stem cells. Herein, we review the science behind these experimental reproductive technologies and their potential use to date in clinical studies for infertility treatment in women with DOR.
Data Visualization: Business Value, Value Amplifiers, and a Pitfall

Data visualization is a powerful tool for value creation in business. This short article helps managers frame the opportunities for value creation, recognize the amplifiers of value, and avoid a key pitfall.
0.65–0.73THz quintupler with an on-chip antenna in 65-nm CMOS

A passive frequency quintupler using a symmetric accumulation MOS varactor is demonstrated for the first time in CMOS. The broadband (0.65–0.73THz) quintupler with an on-chip antenna fabricated in a 65-nm bulk CMOS process reaches a setup limited peak Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) of −22dBm at 726GHz, and a minimum conversion loss of 34dB. This highest order multiplier realized in CMOS has the highest EIRP among any lens-less silicon based signal generation circuit operating above 500GHz.
Modeling the long-term isolation performance of natural and engineered geologic CO2 storage sites

Long-term cap rock integrity represents the single most important constraint on the long-term isolation performance of natural and engineered geologic CO{sub 2} storage sites. CO{sub 2} influx that forms natural accumulations and CO{sub 2} injection for EOR/sequestration or saline-aquifer disposal both lead to concomitant geochemical alteration and geomechanical deformation of the cap rock, enhancing or degrading its seal integrity depending on the relative effectiveness of these interdependent processes. This evolution of cap-rock permeability can be assessed through reactive transport modeling, an advanced computational method based on mathematical models of the coupled physical and chemical processes catalyzed by the influx event. Using our reactive transport simulator (NUFT), supporting geochemical databases and software (SUPCRT92), and distinct-element geomechanical model (LDEC), we have shown that influx-triggered mineral dissolution/precipitation reactions within typical shale cap rocks continuously reduce microfrac apertures, while pressure and effective-stress evolution first rapidly increase then slowly constrict them. For a given shale composition, the extent of geochemical enhancement is nearly independent of key reservoir properties (permeability and lateral continuity) that distinguish saline aquifer and EOR/sequestration settings and CO{sub 2} influx parameters (rate, focality, and duration) that distinguish engineered disposal sites and natural accumulations, because these characteristics and parameters have negligible impact on more » mineral reaction rates. In contrast, the extent of geomechanical degradation is highly dependent on these reservoir properties and influx parameters, because they effectively dictate magnitude of the pressure perturbation. Specifically, initial geomechanical degradation has been shown inversely proportional to reservoir permeability and lateral continuity and proportional to influx rate. As a result, while the extent of geochemical alteration is nearly independent of filling mode, that of geomechanical deformation is significantly more pronounced during engineered injection. This discrepancy limits the extent to which natural CO{sub 2} reservoirs and engineered disposal sites can be considered analogous, and further suggests that the secure cap rock of a given natural CO{sub 2} accumulation may be incapable of providing an effective seal in the context of an engineered injection. A new conceptual framework reveals that ultimate counterbalancing of opposing geochemical and geomechanical effects is feasible, which suggests that shale cap rocks may evolve into effective hydrodynamic seals-in both natural and engineered storage sites-as a function of progressive geochemical alteration that attends some degree of initial CO{sub 2} leakage. « less
Anti-viral immune response in the central nervous system induces glial commitment in neural stem/progenitor cells (VIR1P.1010)

Viral infections in the central nervous system (CNS) are characterized by infiltration of lymphocytes into the brain parenchyma and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The effects of cytokines on neural cell function and survival varies between cell types, and may depend upon the expression of endogenous signaling molecules. Both inflammatory and developmentally-regulated cytokines alter the activity of neural stem/ progenitor cells (NSPCs), which are critical for CNS development and repair. Moreover, the proliferation and fate of NSPCs are affected during viral CNS infections. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a cytokine that is released in response to a viral infection in the brain and is required for clearance of certain viruses from the CNS. IFNγ signals via the Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) signaling pathway, which is also activated by developmental cytokines during cell fate decisions. The JAK/STAT pathway leads to transcription of genes (p21, p27) that affect proliferation. Therefore, we will test the hypothesis that the IFNγ influences NSPC proliferation and differentiation through Jak/STAT signaling. In preliminary studies, we found that IFNγ activates STAT1 and STAT3 proteins and decreases NCPS proliferation in vitro. Through these studies, we will define the role of the inflammatory response in modulating NSPC activity during viral infections.
Social Isolation Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Immigrant Youth

Despite the long sociological tradition that focuses on the social adaptation of racial/ethnic minority immigrant youth, little work investigates whether these groups are socially isolated. However, existing research provides a strong foundation from which researchers can further explore this important topic. This article begins by discussing relevant theories and ongoing debates regarding minority immigrant youth's social relationships. Next, the article surveys literature across social science disciplines that describes relationships minority immigrant youth have (or in some cases, do not have) with three important social actors: their peers, teachers, and parents. The article concludes by providing recommendations for future research.
Higher-Order Electron Transport in Gases

We present calculations of the electron transport coefficients in He, Ne and Ar, based on the density gradient expansion theory. Of particular interest is the skewness coefficient D3. The arrival time spectra (ATS) are computed for typical drift tube conditions in order to assess the measurability of the higher-order transport coefficients. We show that D3is measurable and that present experiments have the capability of resolving it from the ATS. The reported measured data on D3, however, show large non-hydrodynamic behavior. An analysis of the TOF density profile based on a nonlinear continuity equation is also presented. The significance of including higher-order transport effects, either through the use of higher-order coefficients or the use of nonlinear continuity equation, is discussed.
Computer-Assisted Network and System Analysis

Introduction: Linear Circuits Numerical Solutions for Nonlinear Networks Simulation I Simulation II Optimization I Optimization II Generating State Equations from Topological Data Transient Response Using Matrix Exponentials Transfer Function and Control System Design Calculations.
Studies on the Polymorphism of l-Glutamic Acid: Part VII. Enthalpy Differences between the α- and β-Crystals

The enthalpy differences between the α- and β-crystals of l-glutamic acid were measured and ΔHα−β of −75, −95, 8 and 27±20cal./mol. were obtained at temperatures of 5, 15, 30 and 40°C, respectively. From this result, it was found that the α-form is the more stable form in solid phase at temperatures lower than 30°C and vice versa when higher than 30°C, though the α-form had been found to be the less stable form as the saturating body in the aqueous solution in all range of temperature.
When virtual is better than real [operating system relocation to virtual machines]

This paper argues that the operating system and applications currently running on a real machine should relocate into a virtual machine. This structure enables services to be added below the operating system and to do so without trusting or modifying the operating system or applications. To demonstrate the usefulness of this structure, we describe three services that take advantage of it: secure logging, intrusion prevention and detection, and environment migration.
Compliant hexagonal periodic lattice structures having both high shear strength and high shear strain

Abstract Cellular structures having negative Poisson’s ratios can be designed to have high shear flexure properties. In this paper, the elastic limits of hexagonal honeycombs including the ones having negative Poisson’s ratios (NPR) are explored with various cell geometries under simple shear loading. While designing a shear modulus, e.g., G 12 ∗ of 10 MPa, of hexagonal honeycombs, corresponding meso-structures are designed with three constituent materials; an aluminum alloy (7075-T6), a titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V), and a high strength steel (ANSI 4340). The in-plane linear elastic honeycomb model is employed to achieve the shear moduli of the hexagonal honeycombs made of the three constituent materials. The shear strengths, ( τ pl ∗ )12 and shear yield strains, ( γ pl ∗ )12 of hexagonal honeycombs are obtained from finite element analysis using ABAQUS. The titanium alloy honeycombs show a good shear flexure property having both high ( τ pl ∗ )12 and ( γ pl ∗ )12 when it is designed to the target G 12 ∗ . The re-entrant geometry makes honeycombs flexible associated with a high effective bending length.
Assessment of image resolution improvement by phase-sensitive optical parametric amplification

Classical information theory can be used to quantify the resolution performance of optical imaging systems. When an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) operated as a phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) in the transverse spatial domain is used for point source imaging, the angular resolution improvement can approach the de Broglie resolution (i.e. Heisenberg limit). In this paper, classical information theory is employed to quantify the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement for both an ideal and a realistic multimode PSA applied to the problem of sub-Rayleigh imaging. When only considering the noise originating from the detector, the SNR improvement is found to scale quadratically as a function of the PSA gain, in the limit of noise power comparable to signal power. Differences in performance of an ideal PSA and a realistic PSA are discussed.