cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surgical management and outcomes of accessory parotid gland neoplasms: A systematic review.

Abstract Objective To evaluate surgical approaches and outcomes associated with accessory parotid gland neoplasms. Data sources MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Review methods A systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was performed. Studies were included if they reported surgical management and outcomes of patients with accessory parotid gland neoplasms. Results After screening 3532 records, 15 studies were included with a total of 187 patients. Benign tumors consisted of 61.5% of cases. External open, transoral, and preauricular endoscopic approaches were used for 82.3%, 11.3%, and 6.5% of cases, respectively. Accessory lobe resection alone, concurrent with partial parotidectomy, and concurrent with total parotidectomy were used in 54.8%, 43.0%, and 2.2% of cases, respectively. Complication rates were similar between histology groups (7.8% benign vs. 8.3% malignant, p = 0.82). Accessory lobe resection with concurrent partial parotidectomy had the lowest overall complication rate (6.3%). Resections limited to the accessory lobe were found to have an overall complication rate of 8.7%. Conclusion The results offer an overview of the surgical management and complications for accessory parotid gland tumors. Overall surgical complication rates found in these case series may be lower for management of accessory gland tumors than rates available in the literature for tumors within the main parotid gland.
Study protocol for the ACT response pilot intervention: development, implementation and evaluation of a systems-based Agitation Code Team (ACT) in the emergency department

Introduction Emergency department (ED) visits for behavioural conditions are rising, with 1.7 million associated episodes of patient agitation occurring annually in acute care settings. When de-escalation techniques fail during agitation management, patients are subject to use of physical restraints and sedatives, which are associated with up to 37% risk of hypotension, apnoea and physical injuries. At the same time, ED staff report workplace violence due to physical assaults during agitation events. We recently developed a theoretical framework to characterise ED agitation, which identified teamwork as a critical component to reduce harm. Currently, no structured team response protocol for ED agitation addressing both patient and staff safety exists. Methods and analysis Our proposed study aims to develop and implement the agitation code team (ACT) response intervention, which will consist of a standardised, structured process with defined health worker roles/responsibilities, work processes and clinical protocols. First, we will develop the ACT response intervention in a two-step design loop; conceptual design will engage users in the creation of the prototype, and iterative refinement will occur through in situ simulated agitated patient encounters in the ED to assess and improve the design. Next, we will pilot the intervention in the clinical environment and use a controlled interrupted time series design to evaluate its effect on our primary outcome of patient restraint use. The intervention will be considered efficacious if we effectively lower the rate of restraint use over a 6-month period. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval by the Yale University Human Investigation Committee was obtained in 2019 (HIC #2000025113). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at scientific meetings for each phase of the study. If this pilot is successful, we plan to formally integrate the ACT response intervention into clinical workflows at all EDs within our entire health system.
Assessment Strategies for Reflective Learning in the Workplace: A Pragmatic Approach.

Practitioners often struggle to assess reflective learning in the workplace because of difficulties conceptualizing reflection and its effects in the workplace. This article addresses this problem ...
Left Homonymous Hemianopia: An Uncommon, Neuro-ophthalmological Presentation of Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State.

Spectrum of the neurological deficits in non-ketotic hyperglycemia and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) ranges widely among patients and can have any presentation from focal seizures, epilepsia partialis continua, chorea-hemiballismus syndrome, hemiparesis, hemianopia to mental obtundation and coma. Here we report a case of HHS which presented with Left Homonymous Hemianopia as the only initial presentation. Symptoms slowly resolved over the course of two weeks by administration of insulin and normalizing the glucose.
A Mental Trespass? Unveiling Truth, Exposing Thoughts and Threatening Civil Liberties with Non-Invasive AI Lie Detection.

Imagine an app on your phone or computer that can tell if you are being dishonest, just by processing affective features of your facial expressions, body movements, and voice. People could ask about your political preferences, your sexual orientation, and immediately determine which of your responses are honest and which are not. In this paper we argue why artificial intelligence-based, non-invasive lie detection technologies are likely to experience a rapid advancement in the coming years, and that it would be irresponsible to wait any longer before discussing its implications. Legal and popular perspectives are reviewed to evaluate the potential for these technologies to cause societal harm. To understand the perspective of a reasonable person, we conducted a survey of 129 individuals, and identified consent and accuracy as the major factors in their decision-making process regarding the use of these technologies. In our analysis, we distinguish two types of lie detection technology, accurate truth metering and accurate thought exposing. We generally find that truth metering is already largely within the scope of existing US federal and state laws, albeit with some notable exceptions. In contrast, we find that current regulation of thought exposing technologies is ambiguous and inadequate to safeguard civil liberties. In order to rectify these shortcomings, we introduce the legal concept of mental trespass and use this concept as the basis for proposed regulation.
Radially localized electron heating in helicon plasmas by X-wave microwave injection

Here, we report on modifications to the electron energy distribution function during X-mode microwave injection in argon and helium helicon plasmas. No electron heating is observed in argon helicon plasmas. Significant electron heating, Δ T e ∼ 1 eV, is observed in helium plasmas. The heating is spatially localized to the upper hybrid resonance layer. Previously absent helium ion emission lines, from states over 50 eV above the helium ion ground state, are observed with the injection of X-mode microwaves.
Respondent Learning Theory

Respondent learning theory is one of the earliest conceptual frameworks used to attempt to understand human development and behavior change across the lifespan and has been used for that purpose within social work for over 70 years. This chapter outlines some of the general principles by which people learn via responding conditioning processes, illustrating these from examples drawn from everyday life, as well as laboratory-based experimental demonstrations. How respondent conditioning is involved in the etiology and maintenance of problematic behavioral conditions experienced by social work clients is also described, with examples drawn from relatively simple reflexive responses (e.g., phobic anxiety) to more complicated affective reactions (e.g., racism). Lastly, the actual applications of respondent learning theory in the development of empirically-supported treatments useful in social work practice are reviewed. Keywords: respondent learning theory; reflexes; classical conditioning; human behavioral development; social work
Reverse Active Operation of 200 GHz SiGe HBTs

The analysis of the HBTs operating in the reverse active mode ("reverse mode" for short), with emitter and collector terminals swapped, has largely been ignored until recently (Khater et al., 2004). However, it is important to understand the device behavior in the reverse mode because these high-performance HBTs can operate inadvertently in the reverse mode under certain circuit-relevant conditions. Moreover, in historically important merged-transistor logic (MTL) or integrated injection logic (I2L), the npn bipolar transistors are intentionally operated in the reverse mode to achieve high gate density (Berger et al., 1972). The reverse mode operation of 0.12 times 1.0 mum2 SiGe HBTs in a 200 GHz technology (Jagannathan et al., 2002) is investigated in this work, including, for the first time, the reverse mode ac characteristics. The schematic cross-section of the 200 GHz SiGe HBTs featuring raised extrinsic base is shown
Distributed Pair Programming

Agile methodologies stress the need for close physical proximity of team members. However, circumstances may prevent a team from working in close physical proximity. For example, a company or a project may have development teams physically distributed over multiple locations. As a result, increasingly many companies are looking at adapting agile methodologies for use in a distributed environment.
Conformations of fused cycloalkanes in organometallic compounds : III. The crystal and molecular structures of tricyclo [6.2.0.02,7] deca-3,5-dienetricarbonyliron, (C10H12)Fe(CO)3☆

The structure of tricyclo [6.2.0.02,7] deca-3,5-dienetricarbonyliron, (C10H12)Fe(CO)3, has been determined from X-ray counter data. The space group is P212121 with cell dimension a 11.785(3), b 16.987(7), c 6.032(2) » and with four molecules in the cell. The 1359 reflections, in the range 0° < 20 (Mo-Kα) ⩽ 45°, with intensities significantly above background were included in the refinement which converged to R1 = 0.033 and R2 = 0.029. The molecular structure consist of an Fe(CO)3 moiety bonded to the diene portion of a cyclohexadiene ring. This six-membered ring is fused to a second four-membered ring. Both four-membered rings are essentially planar.
Testicular malakoplakia: a rare sonographic mimic of malignancy.

Testicular malakoplakia is a rare, benign condition that most often occurs in an immunocompromised patient with chronic infection. Its occurrence is acute, with pain and testicular enlargement. Sonography is commonly performed to evaluate the patient for epididymitis or torsion. The appearance of testicular malakoplakia on sonography examination has only rarely been described, making its diagnosis challenging. Because its appearance overlaps with testicular neoplasm and infection, it should be considered when making a differential diagnosis of a diffuse testicular abnormality in the appropriate clinical setting. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:199–202, 2015;
Kinetics of HO2 + HO2 → H2O2 + O2: Implications for Stratospheric H2O2

[1] The reaction HO2 + HO2 → H2O2 + O2(1) has been studied at 100 Torr and 222 K to 295 K. Experiments employing photolysis of Cl2/CH3OH/O2/N2 and F2/H2/O2/N2 gas mixtures to produce HO2 confirmed that methanol enhanced the observed reaction rate. At 100 Torr, zero methanol, k1 = (8.8 ± 0.9) 10−13 × exp[(210 ± 26)/T] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 (2σ uncertainties), which agrees with current recommendations at 295 K but is nearly 2 times slower at 231 K. The general expression for k1, which includes the dependence on bath gas density, is k1 = (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10−12 × exp[(19 ± 31)/T] + 1.7 × 10−33 × [M] × exp[1000/T], where the second term is taken from the JPL00-3 recommendation. The revised rate largely accounts for a discrepancy between modeled and measured [H2O2] in the lower to middle stratosphere.
How Ideology Fuels Affective Polarization

Scholars have reached mixed conclusions about the implications of increased political polarization for citizen decision-making. In this paper, we argue that citizens respond to ideological divergence with heightened affective polarization. Using a survey experiment conducted with a nationally representative sample of U.S. citizens, we find that increased ideological differences between political figures produce increasingly polarized affective evaluations, and that these differences are especially large among respondents with stronger ideological commitments and higher levels of political interest. We provide further support for these findings in an observational study of citizens’ evaluations of the U.S. Senators from their state. We also find that the polarizing effects of ideological differences can be largely mitigated with biographical information about the public officials, which suggests that the pernicious consequences of ideological polarization can be overcome by focusing on matters other than political disagreement.
Are the Rights of People with Mental Illness Still Important

This survey measured the attitudes of clinical social workers toward the rights of psychiatric patients who are involuntarily committed to institutions. The questions covered five content areas: involuntary commitment, environment and daily living, right to treatment, right to refuse treatment, and presumption of legal incompetence. Although the majority of respondents supported patients' rights, a minority demonstrated restrictive attitudes and an unawareness of existing laws regarding patients' rights. Controversial issues, such as the right to refuse treatment, evoked the least support.
Regulatory Role of Dietary Leucine on Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acid Levels in Young Men

Four healthy young men were studied to explore the effects of dietary leucine intake on plasma levels of leucine,isoleucine and valine. Leucine-, valine-, leucine-valine-, and leucine-isoleucine-valine-free amino acid mixtures were studied during four-day experimental diet periods. The effects of giving amino acid mixtures with high-carbohydrate, low-fat or low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets were also studied. Deficient leucine intake increased plasma levels of valine and isoleucine, but a valine-free diet did not affect plasma levels of the other branched-chain amino acids. Leucine influence was evident during the postprandial and fasted phases. Valine and isoleucine levels were less markedly reduced when diets devoid of these amino acids were also leucine-free, as compared with a diet providing adequate leucine. Changes in the major dietary energy source failed to influence the qualitative effects of dietary leucine adequacy on the branched-chain amino acid levels in plasma. The results suggest that leucine facilitates both tissue uptake of branched-chain amino acids and their intracellular metabolism.
Resource specialization in a phytophagous insect: no evidence for genetically based performance trade-offs across hosts in the field or laboratory.

We present a field test of the genetically based performance trade-off hypothesis for resource specialization in a population of the moth Rothschildia lebeau whose larvae primarily feed on three host plant species. Pairwise correlations between growth vs. growth, survival vs. survival and growth vs. survival across the different hosts were calculated, using families (sibships) as the units of analysis. Of 15 pairwise correlations, 14 were positive, 5 significantly so and none were negative. The same pattern was found using complementary growth and survival data from the laboratory. Overall, we found no evidence of negative genetic correlations in cross-host performance that would be indicative of performance trade-offs in this population. Rather, variation among families in performance appears to reflect ‘general vigour’ whereby families that perform well on one host perform well across multiple hosts. We discuss the implications of positive genetic correlations in cross-host performance in terms of the ecology and evolution of host range. We argue that this genetic architecture facilitates colonization of novel hosts and recolonization of historical hosts, therefore contributing to host shifts, host range expansions, biological invasions and introductions, and host ranges that are regionally broad but locally narrow.
High multipole moments in nuclei

Deformed Hartree-Fock calculations with the Skyrme interactions are carried out for various nuclei in the s-d and f-p shell regions to obtain E2, E4, and E6 intrinsic multiple moments. It is found that the higher moments have an increasing sensitivity to the size of the basis used in the calculation and that the basis must span at least nine major shells to produce reliable results for E6 moments in this mass region. The results are sometimes not monotonic in the number of shells that are included. The results differ greatly for the Skyrme SI and SII interactions used here. More insight into these moments and a better understanding of the Hartree-Fock results is gained by using deformed harmonic oscillator wave functions. The results are compared with shell model calculations. It is found that the collective model approach, when used sensibly, can be very useful in understanding the experimental results. Much of the data can be explained, although some discrepancies still remain. It is found that in open shell nuclei, the simple use of an effective charge calculated for a closed shell plus one nucleon is inadequate. A necessary (but not sufficient) condition for obtaining sensible results for higher moments ismore » that the lower moments come out correctly.« less
Precipitation of tellurium in (Hg, Cd)Te alloys

The precipitation of tellurium in alloys of Hg1−xCdxTe with x = 0.2 to 0.3 prepared under conditions of excess tellurium by the solid state recrystallization method have been studied using chemical defect etching and transmission eloctron microscopy. Precipitation of tellurium occurred during the quench from the recrystallization anneal. During the initial part of the quench, precipitation occurred as a result of nucleation of precipitates on pre-existing dislocations. This precipitation resulted in the formation of dislocation helices with precipitates in the interior of the helix loops. Both monoclinic and trigonal phases of tellurium were found in these precipitate defects, as well as the twinned matrix phase. Later in the quench, an additional nucleation mechanism, either homogeneous or heterogeneous on an impurity occurs resulting in the formation of complex defects in the bulk. During a subsequent post-anneal at temperatures of approximately 300°C, the tellurium precipitates dissolve, and interstitial perfect and faulted dislocation loops are formed. Both the precipitation process and the subsequent post-annealing result in considerable multiplication of dislocations.
T-cell effector mechanisms: γδ and CD1d-restricted subsets

γδ T lymphocytes and CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells are classified as innate T lymphocytes, which perform effector functions that protect from malignancy and maintain tissue integrity. Innate T cells also play important regulatory roles in autoimmunity, inflammation and infection. Recent advances have established innate T cells as both effectors and regulators of disease in biological models.
The influence of heat-treatment of graphite fibers on their intercalation with sulfuric acid

Abstract We have intercalated heat-treated vapor-deposited fibers with H 2 SO 4 , and during the process continuously monitored the fiber using an optical microscope. The electrochemical reaction was driven by a constant current source, so that the time elapsed represents the molar fraction of H 2 SO 4 intercalating. The fiber diameter was measured simultaneously, as well as the potential between the graphite and a reference electrode. Host fibers heat-treated at different temperatures between 1400 and 3000°C were studied. In carbons never heated above 2000°C, the cell potential increases with charge uptake and even sometimes shows steps reminiscent of staging; the fiber diameter also increases, but continuously. In fibers heat-treated above 2200°C, both cell potential and diameter increase show staging. In fibers heat-treated above 2800°C inhomogeneities along the fiber axis are identified and the behavior is probably dictated by the density of defects present in the fiber.
Evaporative Water Loss and Gross Effects of Water Privation in the Kangaroo Rat, Dipodomys Venustus

Selected aspects of the water economy of Dipodomys venustus from from a mesic habitat were measured and compared with similar characteristics of D. merriami, a desert-inhabiting species. Pulmocutaneous water loss and CO2 production (later converted to O2 consumption) were measured simultaneously at 15 to 16° C in dry air flowing at 0.5 liter per minute. D. venustus lost 0.50 ±: 0.013 milligram H2O per milliliter O2 consumed while subsisting on air-dry seeds and water ad libitum; D. merriami lost 0.45 ± 0.015 mg H2O/ml while subsisting on air-dry (8 to 9 per cent H2O) seeds only; both species maintained body weight and good condition on these regimens. When subsisting on air-dry seeds only for approximately 1 month, pulmocutaneous water loss decreased in D. venustus to 0.34 ±0.015 mg H2O/ml O2, and in 5½ weeks its body weight declined 34 (29 to 38) per cent. By 25 days after restoration of free water rations, D. venustus had returned to 95 (93 to 96) per cent of initial body weight. D. venustus evidently requires exogenous water, unlike certain desert-inhabiting dipodomyines, which ordinarily can subsist on almost waterless diets. Its decreased pulmocutaneous water output consequent to curtailed water intake seems an incomplete compensation for occasional natural drought, since it loses weight on a dry diet. D. venustus does survive better during water privation than some commonly associated rodents. D. venustus is considered primitive with respect to its water dependence, and this may be partly the cause of the restriction of this species to mesic habitats.
Relationship Between Local Atrial Fibrillation Interval and Refractory Period in the Isolated Canine Atrium

Background Atrial refractory periods and their spatial distribution are important determinants of atrial reentrant arrhythmias. The objective of this study was to demonstrate a correlation between ...
Second best and monopoly: A cautionary tale

The theory of second best, as originally conceived by Meade (1955) and popularized by Lipsey and Lancaster (1956), has been a much discussed topic for quite some time now. Second best rules have been devised for a number of situations, but very little has been done in terms of trying to get a feel for the magnitudes that may be involved. This paper intends to make a crude and tentative first step in this direction in the interest of making a similarly crude and tentative evaluation of the policy measures that the theory of second best might suggest. The second best problem that we will examine is the one analyzed by Rees (1968), Bergson (1972), and others where there is a government operated industry in an economy containing an untouchable monopoly. The one generally agreed upon implication of second best theory is that where there is an optimality condition that can't be achieved, then the desirability of achieving the remaining conditions is cast in doubt. Thus, in the case of an untouchable monopoly, the desirability of pricing at marginal cost in the government operated industry is cast in doubt and a second best pricing rule for this industry is desired. There are probably two reasons that the second best literature does not give much feel for magnitudes. The first is that most of the literature has been exclusively devoted to finding necessary conditions for second best optimality and necessary conditions in and of themselves indicate nothing about magnitudes. The second reason, as far as the well-informed layman and wellmotivated undergraduate are concerned, is that much of the literature is couched in ad hoc assumptions that don't readily lend themselves to intuitive interpretations. Accordingly, this paper is going to deal only with solutions rather than conditions, and to pose the problem in terms that would be intuitive to anyone interested in this type of question. Specifically, we will give a numerical example of second best pricing and discuss its implications. Although this approach is sadly lacking in generality, it may be useful in illustrating one possibility and will be accessible to any layman who is willing to skip the equations and trust the computational skills of the author.
Compressor Blade Fatigue Diagnostics and Modelling with the Use of Modal Analysis

The diagnostic and research aspects of compressor blade fatigue are investigated in the paper. The authors review the characteristic of different modes of metal blade fatigue (LCF, HCF, VHCF). The polycrystalline defects and impurities influencing the fatigue, along with their related surface finish techniques, are taken into account. The experimental methods of structural health assessment are considered. The Tip Timing (TTM), Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) and Metal Magnetic Memory (MMM) provide information on the damage of diagnosed object (compressor blade). It has been proven that the shape of resonance characteristic gives an ability to determinate if fatigue or a blade crack is concerned. Early damage symptoms, i.e. modal properties of material strengthening and weakening phases have been described. A preliminary Finite Element model of the non-cracked compressor blade was devised as a means of gaining insight and calibrating the experimental method discussed. Experimental verification of the FEM model is presented based on a large body of experimental data collected by the author.
The Welfare Effects of Erosion Controls, Banning Pesticides, and Limiting Fertilizer Application in the Corn Belt

The partial welfare effects of alternative erosion control methods, banning insecticides, banning herbicides, and limiting nitrogen fertilizer in the Corn Belt are examined. The estimated welfare effects are partial since they reflect the change in consumers' plus producers' surplus arising from the production and consumption of corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, hay, and pasture but not the environmental benefits associated with pollution abatement or the administrative and enforcement cost of the policies. A large linear programming model of crop production in the Corn Belt was used to make the estimates.
Reducing ionizing radiation dose in EVAR surveillance cta: dual-bolus injection technique versus standard arterial and delayed phase cta

were recorded including rates of endoleaks, neurological complication, repeat procedures, and left arm claudication. Results: Median follow up was 552.5 days. LSCA was embolized in 41/104 (39%) of procedures. Indication for TEVAR in the embolized and non-embolized groups was dissection in 23/41 (56%) and 28/63 (44%), aneurysm 11/41 (26%) and 19/63 (30%), pseudoaneurysm 6/41 (14%) and 4/ 64 (6%), transection 1/41 (2%) and 9/64 (14%), and penetrating ulcers 0/41 (0%) and 3/64 (4%), respectively. The cerebrovascular accident (CVA) rate was 7/41 (17%) and 7/63(11%) and paralysis rate was 0/41 (0%) and 1/63 (2%) for the embolized and non-embolized groups respectively. The endoleak rate was 24/41 (58%) for the embolized group; 7/41 (17%) were persistent and resulted in aneurysm sac enlargement (6 type Ia and 1 type II endoleak) treated with sac embolization (n1⁄45), stent graft extension (n1⁄41), or surgical repair (n1⁄41). Endoleak rate was 22/63 (35%) for the non-embolized group; 5/63 (8%) were persistent and resulted in aneurysm sac enlargement (3 type Ia and 2 type II endoleaks) treated with LSCA embolization (n1⁄44) and both LSCA and sac embolization (n1⁄41). LSCA was covered without a carotid-subclavian bypass in 58/104 (56%). CVA rates for bypass and no bypass groups were 5/46 (11%) and 6/58 (10%) and paralysis rates were 1/46 (2%) and 0%, respectively. 10/58 (17%) patients required a subsequent carotid-subclavian bypass for left arm claudication. Conclusion: Coverage of the left subclavian artery during endovascular repair of the thoracic aorta is feasible with low complication rates. Embolization of the LSCA may be required to prevent or treat endoleaks.
Portal vein ectasia simulating a vascular lesion in the pancreatic head in an enhanced CT scan

An ectatic portal vein in a patient with portal hypertension and chronic active hepatitis simulated a vascular lesion in the head of the pancreas in a contrast-enhanced CT scan.
The role of legitimation in the professional socialization of second-year undergraduate athletic training students.

Abstract Context: Professional socialization during formal educational preparation can help students learn professional roles and can lead to improved organizational socialization as students emerg...
Surfing Arnold's web

Abstract The free motion of a rigid one-dimensional stick colliding elastically within an infinitely massive circular wall is first shown to be equivalent to the three-dimensional motion of a billiard ball within a spiral column and then mapped onto a two-dimensional billiard problem with a rotating billiard wall. Indications that such a system has chaotic orbits and can possess integrable orbits is provided through the use of projected Poincare sections. When chaotic and integrable orbits co-exist, the chaotic trajectories appear in the form of Arnold's web. We also consider the limit of a stick of zero length in which the system becomes integrable.
Sedimentation of an Initially Skewed Boundary

An asymmetric initial boundary is often formed when a synthetic boundary cell is used in the analytical ultracentrifuge. Model calculations show that, when such a boundary diffuses, the peak of the corresponding gradient pattern moves. The movement of the peak resulting from diffusion, when superimposed on the sedimentation of the boundary, may produce errors in the measurement of the sedimentation coefficient.
Roe Revisited: Why?

Abstract This paper analyzes and criticizes the proposal made by Brown, Lum, and Voyle (this issue) that calls for a reappraisal of Roe's Theory of Personality Development. Brown et al. present the thesis that Roe's theory has been misunderstood and misapplied largely in terms of investigators’ failures to recognize adequately that the link between early childhood treatment (i.e., needs satisfaction) and resulting interpersonal orientations (i.e., resulting needs structure)which influence the choice of career fields and must be included in order to effectively predict the effect of early parental treatment. While acknowledging that common deficiency, in this paper I point out that other serious problems with Roe's theory exist.
Translocations involving chromosomes #3 and #12: Hematologic diseases associated with abnormalities of these chromosomes

Abstract Two hematologic cases with translocations involving chromosomes #3 and #12 are described. The first case is that of a myeloproliferative disorder (preleukemia?) associated with a (3;12)(q29;q24) translocation in the bone marrow cells. No evidence of leukemia transformation has appeared to date. The second case is that chrosote leukemia (AL) (M4 type) in which leukemic cells with t(3;12)(p14;q24) were seen. The roles of chromosomes #3 and #12 in hematopoiesis are considered, and the abnormalities affecting these chromosomes in various hematologic disorders have been tabulated and correlated. Abnormalities in chromosomes #3 and #12 appear to be common and nonrandom in hematologic diseases of a pre-malignant and a malignant type.
Effects of ultraviolet radiation, temperature and moisture on aging of coatings and sealants – A chemical and rheological study

Abstract Photodegradation of polymeric materials leads to significant modifications in both chemical properties and mechanical–rheological behaviors over time. Thus, it is important to characterize both properties to gain a better understanding of the durability of the materials. In this contribution, the chemorheological tools based upon Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) were used to study the effects of temperature and moisture on photodegradation of a model sealant/coating system based upon a styrene–butadiene–styrene triblock copolymer. Specimens were exposed coincidentally to ultraviolet–visible radiation between 295 nm and 600 nm, and one of four different combinations of temperature and relative humidity (RH), i.e., (a) 30 °C and
Mechanical and transport properties of coextruded films

Two-layer films were produced by using the blown-film coextrusion apparatus constructed in our laboratory. For this study, we have produced films of the following combinations: (1) LDPE/CXA 3095; (2) LDPE/Plexar 3; (3) LDPE/EMA; (4) nylon 6/LDPE; (5) nylon 6/CXA 3095; (6) nylon 6/Plexar 3; (7) nylon 6/EMA. Tensile properties of the coextruded films were measured with an Instron testing machine, and correlated to processing variables, namely, takeup ratio and blowup ratio. From tensile property measurements, we have found that both the ultimate tensile strength and the tensile modulus of coextruded films follow the additivity rule with respect to the volume fraction of the individual components. With the films produced, we also conducted dynamic mechanical measurements with the aid of a Rheovibron Dynamic Viscoelastometer DDV-II, and attempted to test the Zorowski–Murayama theory to determine the adhesion characteristics of the coextruded films. Furthermore, permeability of the coextruded films to gases (namely, N2, O2, and CO2) was measured by using a pressure differential apparatus constructed in our laboratory. We have found that the permeability of composite films follows the inverse additivity rule, i.e., the reciprocal of the permeability of composite film is given by the sum of the reciprocals of the permeabilities of the individual layers.
Endoscopic endonasal study of the internal carotid artery course and variations.

Background With the advance in endoscopic sinus surgery, more procedures are being performed to address challenging lesions and, of particular concern, those around the internal carotid artery (ICA). Despite the current progress in the understanding of endoscopic paranasal sinus anatomy, little information is available about the course and variations of the closely related ICA as seen endoscopically. In this study, we show an endoscopic analysis of the ICA course in a series of advanced endoscopic dissections Methods Ten cadaver heads (20 sides) have been endoscopically dissected. Using an extended approach, a wide sphenoidotomy has been performed as far laterally as the pterygoid base. The latter also has been drilled posteriorly and the ICA was fully exposed from its petrous part up to its termination below the anterior perforated substance of the brain. High-quality endoscopic pictures were produced by coupling the video images with a digital recording system. Results The ICA course, landmarks, and segments have been defined and analyzed. The ICA was found to have a variable course that was well appreciated using the multiangled, magnified endoscopic view. The importance of such variation was established in relation to the nearby anatomic structures as well as possible lesions involving this area. Conclusion The results of this study provide the endoscopic sinus and skull base surgeon with a better understanding of the endoscopic course and variations of the ICA. In experienced hands, such endoscopic orientation should allow safer as well as more effective management of closely related lesions.
Transformative Travel: International Counselling in Action

I am a frustrated travel agent. After spending thousands of hours in the company of people who want to make significant changes in their lives, I’ve long been aware that counselling sometimes takes an inordinate amount time and energy to accomplish this end. Even when changes do take place, the effects don’t often last very long (Kottler 2001). As I’ve sat in the company of clients who wish they could be different, or supervised students who want to make some learning stick, it has often occurred to me that what might just make the difference is not more counselling or supervision sessions, more workshops and seminars, more books to read and materials to study, but perhaps to take a trip – a particular kind of trip that provokes deep-level, profound transformations (Kottler 1997). It seems to me that in an organization devoted to the exchange of ideas across cultures and continents, we could be reflecting more systematically about our own transformations that have taken place through travel. I am writing these words while attending the International Counselling Conference in New Zealand. While I find the programs stimulating, and the scheduled sessions informative, I am aware that what I am going home with has a whole lot less to do with the conference proceedings and a whole lot more to do with people I met and serendipitous experiences I had along the way.
40Ar/39Ar geochronology and paleomagnetism of Independence volcano, Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup, Beartooth Mountains, Montana

Independence volcano is a major volcanic complex in the lower part of the Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup (AVS) of Montana and Wyoming. Recently reported Rb–Sr mineral dates from the complex give apparent ages of 91 and 84 Ma, whereas field relationships and the physical and compositional similarity of the rocks with other dated parts of the AVS indicate an Early to Middle Eocene age for eruption and deposition. To resolve the conflict between age assignments based on stratigraphic correlations and Rb–Sr dates, we report new paleomagnetic data and 40Ar/39Ar dates for Independence volcano. Paleomagnetic data for the stock and an andesite plug that cuts the stock are well grouped, of reverse polarity, and yield a virtual geomagnetic pole that is essentially identical to Late Cretaceous and Tertiary reference poles. The reverse polarity indicates that the magnetization of these rocks is probably younger than the Cretaceous normal superchron, or less than about 83.5 Ma. Hornblende from a volcanic breccia near th...
Photon path length distributions inferred from rotating shadowband spectrometer measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements Program Southern Great Plains site

[1] An algorithm for retrieving the first two moments of the photon path length probability density function for both the oxygen A-band and the 0.820 μm water vapor band from measurements of the second generation Rotating Shadowband Spectrometer (RSS) is developed and applied to data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) Program Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. In the algorithm, solar direct-beam measurements are used to characterize the instrument response function in pixel (i.e., wavelength) space. By using nonlinear least squares regression with a two-parameter gamma function constraint, the mean and variance of the photon path length probability density function for cloudy skies are subsequently retrieved from spectral measurements in both bands. Two case studies illustrate that the variance of the photon path length probability density function is more sensitive than the mean of the probability density function to vertical cloud structure. Interestingly, the first two moments of the photon path length probability density function appear to exhibit sufficient sensitivity to detect cirrus that the ARM SGP millimeter-wave cloud radar failed to detect. Photon path length probability density functions from both the oxygen A-band and 0.820 μm water vapor band provide additional insights into radiative transfer through a variety of cloudy conditions, improving our understanding of water vapor absorption of solar radiation in these conditions.
National Language Planning in Plural Societies: The Search for a Framework

SOMMAIRELa planification linguistique nationale dans les societes mixtes: A la recherche d'un systemeLe present article propose le modele du pluralisme elabore par M. G. Smith comme systeme general d'analyse des problemes de la planification linguistique nationale. Les avantages qu'offre ce modele vis-a-vis les autres modeles dont nous faisons le compte-rendu analytique consistent dans sa specification, premierement, des bases nonlinguis-tiques de l'incorporation, telles que la race, la religion, l'ethnicite, ou le parti politique, facteurs que les divisions linguistiques peuvent, soit renforcer, soit couper en travers. Deuxiemement, le modele Smith considere l'espece d'Etat, soit unitaire, soit consocia-tionnel (colonne), qui repond au niveau politique aux problemes de conflit linguistique. Ceux qui n'ont pas specifie les bases institutionnelles des problemes de planification linguistique ont maintenu une idee simpliste de l'integration nationale ainsi que l'idee fausse, repandue parmi les sociolinguistes, qu'une langue nationale commune a ses usagers genere, de facon ou d'autre, une identite nationale commune.RESUMOLa nacia lingvoplanado en plurecaj socioj: La serĉado je kadroLa nuna artikolo proponas la plurecan modelon de M. G. Smith kiel ĝeneralan kadron de analizo de problemoj de la nacia lingvo-planado. La avantaĝoj de tiu modelo kompare al aliaj modeloj, kritike prikonsideritaj, estas, ke ĝi indikas, unue, la nelingvajn bazojn de la enkorpigo, ekz. la rason, la religion, la etnecon, aǔ la politikan partion. La lingvaj dividoj povas aǔ plifortikigi, au transtranci, tiujn lingvajn divi-dojn. Due, ĝi atentas la tipon de stato, ĉu unueca, ĉu kunsocia (enkolumnigita), kiu re-spondas je la politikfara nivelo al la problemoj de la lingva konflikto. Tiuj, kiuj ne klarigis tiujn instituciajn bazojn de la lingvo-planaj problemoj, retenis simplisman ideon pri la nacia integrigo samkiel la tre disvastiĝintan misideon ce la socilingvistoj, ke komuna nacia lingvo iel kreas komunan nacian identon.
Gas flow through aerogels

Abstract Aerogels have an extraordinarily large internal surface area which is accessible via open pores, making them candidates for filters and gas adsorption media. The idea is frequently included in lists of potential applications, but little research has been conducted on the use of aerogels as filters or adsorption media. Consideration of aerogels for use as aerosol collection media requires knowledge of the behavior of gas flow through them. Nitrogen and helium gases at a range of pressures from 6–200 kPa were flowed through aerogel and the flow was shown to be a superposition of molecular diffusion and laminar viscous flow.
Electrophysiological Behavior of Atrioventricular Node After Selective Fast or Slow Pathway Ablation in Patients with Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

One hundred twenty consecutive patients with symptomatic atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) underwent catheter ablation using radiofrequency energy. Fast pathway ablation was attempted in the first 16 consecutive patients by application of radiofrequency current in the anterior and superior aspect of the tricuspid annulus. Successful results were accomplished in 13 patients, complete atrioventricular (AV) block occurred in three. One hundred four patients underwent ablation of the slow pathway in the posterior and inferior aspect of the tricuspid annulus, which was successful in 98 patients. The remaining six patients subsequently underwent a fast pathway ablation with successful results in four and AV block in two. Therefore, 102 (98%) of the last 104 patients became free of AVNRT while maintaining intact AV conduction. This study characterizes the electrophysiological properties of the residual AV node following a selective fast or slow pathway ablation.
An Expert System For Aircraft Design

The aircraft design process is characterized by the application of a wide range of knowledge, based upon a certain degree of judgement and experience of the designer. In this paper we outline this process and the scope of a computer program which performs one aspect of the overall task related to wing design. Emphasis is given to the contrast between wing design and the more elaborate requirements needed to describe the aircraft configuration. It is shown how the solution of the latter problem is aided by identifying different types of knowledge.
Research and the university

In the September 1969 issue of EOS, A.J. Dessler argued that the federal government should fund any research program to be used for graduate education depending on the number of able graduate students wishing to enter this field. This is a highly unbalanced position; it is untenable for two main reasons: 1) Many prospective graduate students are undecided as to their exact orientation. If, for instance, they are physicists, some may turn to oceanography, interplanetary physics, or solid-state geophysics not because of an inward motivation, but because of external circumstances. Thus, even if Dessler's funding criterion were valid, its application would be somewhat restricted. One can plausibly argue that there is no simpler way to orient these students than by a funding geared to the national priorities. Incidentally, Dessler's funding criterion has not been used much recently; the N.S.F., for example, allocates determined amounts of research funds and a determined number of fellowships to different fields of science. 2) In many fields, research programs have become very expensive. The government is under no evident obligation to spend funds for more graduate programs in these fields, even if they are all excellent. (How many 80 inch telescopes and linear accelerators should we build?)
Effects of high resistance training in coronary artery disease.

Abstract Resistive activities for cardiac patients have traditionally been discouraged. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a 30 min/day, 3 day/week, 10-week strength training program in 9 stable, aerobically trained, male cardiac patients. The strength training program comprised lifting 80% of maximum voluntary contraction at 5 stations: quadriceps extension, bench press, standing biceps curl, hamstring curl and military press and performing 80% of the maximum number of sit-ups in 1 minute. Maximum voluntary contraction for each lift and body composition via body weight, hydrostatic weighing, skinfolds and girths were determined before and after training. The electrocardiogram was monitored during all maximum voluntary contraction lifts and heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were monitored during all activities. The only change in measures of body composition was an 11% increase in quadriceps girth (p
Remote probing of atmosphere and wind velocity by millimeter waves

A technique is developed to probe the atmospheric turbulence strength C_{n}^{2} and the wind velocity along a path using millimeter waves as a tool. Data obtained in a line-of-sight millimeter-wave propagation experiment are processed and used as the source of information. The averaged C_{n}^{2} and wind velocity together with their gradients along the propagation path are calculated by inverting a set of integral equations. A numerical method is used to yield the least-square-error solutions. Comparison is made between the theoretically calculated wind velocity over a 33-hour period and that measured by a conventional anemometer.