cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Embedded Academic Librarianship: A Review of the Literature

Objectives – The purpose of this review is to examine the development of embedded librarianship, its multiple meanings, and activities in practice. The review will also report on published outcomes and future research needs of embedded librarian programs. Methods – A search of current literature was conducted and summarized searching PubMed, CINAHL, Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (EBSCO), Academic Search Complete, and ERIC (EBSCO) through August 23, 2012. Articles were selected for inclusion in the review if they reported research findings related to embedded librarianship, if they provided unique case reports about embedded librarian programs, or if they provided substantive editorial comments on the topic. Relevant study findings were assessed for quality and presented in tabular and narrative form. Results – Currently, there is disparity in how embedded librarianship is being defined and used in common practice, ranging from embedding an online component into a single course to full physical and cultural integration into an academic college or business unit of an organization. Activities of embedded librarians include creating course integrated instruction modules for either face-to-face or online courses, providing in depth research assistance to students or faculty, and co-locating within colleges or customer units via office hours for a few hours to all hours per week. Several case reports exist in the recent literature. Few high quality research studies reporting outcomes of librarians or library programs labeled as embedded exist at this point. Some evidence suggests that embedded librarians are effective with regards to student learning of information literacy objectives. Surveys suggest that both students and faculty appreciate embedded librarian services. Conclusion – Most published accounts discuss librarians embedding content and ready access to services in an online course management system. A few notable cases describe the physical and cultural integration of librarians into the library user environs. Future research using valid quantitative methods is needed to explore the impact of large scale, customized, embedded programs.
A Search for Variability in Cool White Dwarf Stars

Preliminary results of a photometric survey of cool white dwarf stars are presented. CCD-based time series observations have been obtained for white dwarfs (WDs) with absolute magnitude M v > +15 and color 0.5 +17) OIR flux standards for large aperture telescopes.
Mastodons and mammoths in the Great Lakes region, USA and Canada: new insights into their diets as they neared extinction.

The conventional image of Ice Age environments of North America includes mammoths feeding on grasses in open tundra or steppe habitats and mastodons browsing on spruce branches in forests. However, re-examination of plant and animal fossil research in the Great Lakes region of the USA and adjacent Ontario, Canada provides new insights into the changing diets of mammoths and mastodons in this region, particularly as these animals neared extinction between 13,500 and 13,000 calendar years Before Present (cal yr BP). This paper reconstructs the following scenario at the end of the Ice Age. Woolly mammoths primarily inhabited tundra adjacent to the northward receding margin of the Laurentide ice sheet. Meanwhile, to the immediate south, Jefferson mammoths grazed on grasses, sedges and herbs around the edges of wetlands, while American mastodons consumed mainly the leaves and branches of spruce and other trees in first an anomalous spruce parkland  sedge wetland environment and later in spruce-dominated forest. However, mammoth and mastodon populations began to dwindle at a time when the succeeding vegetation became a closed forest with a lesser amount of spruce trees, grasses and sedges and a greater abundance of invading deciduous trees. The last mammoths and mastodons in the Great Lakes region bear signs of stress and competition for the same foods in dense coniferous-deciduous forest, which contributed to the extinction of these magnificent beasts by �13,000 cal yr BP. This extinction event highlights the fragility of mammal populations under stress; an important lesson given that numerous species today are similarly challenged by climate and landscape change.
Electron‐Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) Spectroscopy

Electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a magnetic resonance technique that was invented in the mid 1950s by George Feher, then at Bell Telephone Laboratories. The first applications of ENDOR were to problems in solid state physics, but beginning in the 1970s, and particularly since the late 1980s, ENDOR has been widely applied to bioinorganic systems. ENDOR is fundamentally an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, however, it also has aspects of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Essentially, ENDOR consists of the monitoring of an EPR signal, while effecting NMR transitions. The EPR signal can be either a continuous wave (CW) signal or a pulsed, electron spin echo (ESE) signal, in both cases caused by the application of microwave energy to a sample in an external magnetic field. As with EPR itself, ENDOR can thus be either a CW or pulsed (time-domain) spectroscopic technique. The NMR transitions are caused by the application of radiofrequency (rf) energy, as with NMR itself. NMR transitions only of nuclei magnetically (hyperfine) coupled to the paramagnetic center (i.e., the center giving rise to the EPR signal) affect the intensity of this EPR signal, whether CW or pulsed, and provide characteristic ENDOR spectra. As a consequence of its double resonance nature, ENDOR has a great deal of flexibility in spectroscopic parameters. The parameters that affect EPR signals, e.g., microwave power, can also play a role in ENDOR spectral appearance. Additionally, there are parameters relevant to the NMR aspects of ENDOR that affect ENDOR spectra. In both CW and pulsed ENDOR there is experimental flexibility, which is described here. As a result, ENDOR spectroscopy can provide detailed information on multiple, magnetically active nuclei that comprise a paramagnetic center in a bioinorganic system. This information includes identification of such nuclei and metrical information on their relation to the paramagnetic center. This article uses a multifaceted case study to illustrate the application of ENDOR spectroscopy in bioinorganic chemistry. Specifically, the case study describes the application of multinuclear (1, 2H, 13C, 57Fe, 95Mo) CW and pulsed ENDOR to enhance our understanding of the iron–molybdenum cofactor in nitrogenase. ENDOR allows identification of the constituent metal ions and their formal oxidation states, and identifies the nature of the substrate analog or inhibitor binding to the cluster. In combination with resting state structural information, and computational and model system studies, ENDOR can provide a structural picture of the intermediates in nitrogen fixation. Keywords: bioorganometallic chemistry; carbonyl complexes; electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR); electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR); electron spin echo (ESE); electron spin echo envelope modulation spectroscopy (ESEEM); hyperfine coupling constant; isotopic labeling; nitrogenase; NMR; quadrupole coupling constant
The Inheritance of Allergy with Special Reference to Migraine

Page 134, Key to Charts, line 4, for "on known facts concerning individual" read "no known facts concerning individual
Faith-Based Cataloging: Resource Description and Access and Libraries, Archives, and Museums

AbstractThe author presents a speculative introduction to the new descriptive cataloging standard, Resource Description and Access (RDA), and its implications for libraries, archives, and museums. Particular focus is given to art cataloging issues as addressed in the RDA instructions and how the RDA rules in this context differ from those in the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd Edition (AACR2).
Co-ordination of styrene oxide to a sterically hindered ruthenium(II) porphyrin

The crystal and molecular structure of an adduct of styrene oxide and tetra-(2, 6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrinato(carbonyl)ruthenium(II) reveals co-ordination of the epoxide ring at 49° with respect to the mean porphyrin plane such that there are close non-bonded interactions between the oxirane protons and a porphyrin pyrrole ring and between the styrene oxide phenyl carbons and one chlorine.
A law of the iterated logarithm for stable processes in random scenery

We prove a law of the iterated logarithm for stable processes in a random scenery. The proof relies on the analysis of a new class of stochastic processes which exhibit long-range dependence.
The Circadian Clock Protein Timeless Regulates Phagocytosis of Bacteria in Drosophila

Survival of bacterial infection is the result of complex host-pathogen interactions. An often-overlooked aspect of these interactions is the circadian state of the host. Previously, we demonstrated that Drosophila mutants lacking the circadian regulatory proteins Timeless (Tim) and Period (Per) are sensitive to infection by S. pneumoniae. Sensitivity to infection can be mediated either by changes in resistance (control of microbial load) or tolerance (endurance of the pathogenic effects of infection). Here we show that Tim regulates resistance against both S. pneumoniae and S. marcescens. We set out to characterize and identify the underlying mechanism of resistance that is circadian-regulated. Using S. pneumoniae, we found that resistance oscillates daily in adult wild-type flies and that these oscillations are absent in Tim mutants. Drosophila have at least three main resistance mechanisms to kill high levels of bacteria in their hemolymph: melanization, antimicrobial peptides, and phagocytosis. We found that melanization is not circadian-regulated. We further found that basal levels of AMP gene expression exhibit time-of-day oscillations but that these are Tim-independent; moreover, infection-induced AMP gene expression is not circadian-regulated. We then show that phagocytosis is circadian-regulated. Wild-type flies exhibit up-regulated phagocytic activity at night; Tim mutants have normal phagocytic activity during the day but lack this night-time peak. Tim appears to regulate an upstream event in phagocytosis, such as bacterial recognition or activation of phagocytic hemocytes. Interestingly, inhibition of phagocytosis in wild type flies results in survival kinetics similar to Tim mutants after infection with S. pneumoniae. Taken together, these results suggest that loss of circadian oscillation of a specific immune function (phagocytosis) can have significant effects on long-term survival of infection.
Mechanism for surface fitting of interferometric slope data

One approach for obtaining a surface representation is to fit Zernike polynomials (in a least squares sense) to discrete data points in the full aperture. The mathematics for this have been described using both matrix and vector notation. Additionally, vector notation has been used to describe how to obtain a surface representation from orthogonal (x, y) slope data. The result of that paper was a matrix operator for linearly combining the first eight Zernike polynomial coefficients fit to x- and y-slope data to produce a Zernike polynomial surface representation. This paper extends that process by presenting a systematic approach for obtaining the linear relationship between slope and surface using the first 49 Zernike polynomials.
Merging workflows: a new perspective on connecting business processes

This paper describes the concept of workflow merge and methods for merging business processes. We grouped merges in four categories according to the type of merge: sequential, parallel, conditional, and iterative, and describe the corresponding algorithms for performing these operations. We give results that allow us to determine whether a merge operation is sound. It is shown that to avoid invalid merges, one should choose merge points between which a sub-workflow, called a merge region, is well structured. These findings can provide useful guidance for future workflow merge research. We also raise issues of more complex merge problems, such as merge conflicts, semantic ambiguities and workflow splits.
Behavioral Migraine Management Modifies Behavioral and Cognitive Coping in People With Migraine

Objective This is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial which aims to examine changes in cognitive and behavioral responses to migraine with cognitive behavioral treatment for migraine, preventive medication for migraine, and their combination, and the relationship between these changes and reductions in migraine-related disability. Background Cognitive behavioral treatment is thought to reduce migraine-related disability through modifying maladaptive cognitive and behavioral responses to migraine. Methods Two hundred thirty-two people with migraine who did not respond to 5 weeks of optimized acute therapy were randomized into a 2 (beta-blocker vs placebo) X 2 (behavioral migraine management [BMM] vs no BMM) treatment design. Participants received BMM and/or beta-blocker dose adjustment for 4 months, and were followed for an additional 12 months. Participants completed measures of catastrophizing, behavioral coping, and migraine-related disability throughout the study. Results Compared to drug therapy only, BMM demonstrated larger decreases in catastrophizing scores (19.16 to 9.89 vs 16.78 to 11.84, P < .001) and increases in number of positive coping strategies (proactive: 1.09 to 1.90 vs 1.16 to 1.09, P < .001; anticipatory: 0.19 to 0.69 vs 0.10 to 0.08, P < .001; migraine management: 0.14 to 0.36 vs 0.04 to 0.04, P < .001) at the end of the follow-up period. Decreases in catastrophizing were associated with a larger BMM effect on migraine-related disability (P = .036). Conclusions This study demonstrated that BMM modified important cognitive and behavioral factors postulated to be mechanisms of cognitive behavioral treatments for migraine.
Cloning of the murine cDNA encoding VDJP, a protein homologous to the large subunit of replication factor C and bacterial DNA ligases

A putative full-length 1.7-kb cDNA, encoding a murine protein that specifically binds to the nonamer portion of the V(D)J recombinational signal sequence (RSS) element, has been cloned. By its sequence analysis, this cDNA is identical to a portion of the 4.5-kb murine replication factor C large-subunit-encoding cDNA. By Northern blot analysis, the 1.7-kb mRNA species is observed in murine immature B cells but not in non-lymphoid cells and tissues, while the 4.5-kb replication factor C-encoding cDNA is expressed in all cell types. The deduced VDJP amino-acid sequence includes a region of homology with bacterial DNA ligases at the C terminus of each of the proteins. VDJP has been synthesized as a fusion protein in bacteria, and the purified protein has been previously shown to mediate the joining of DNA fragments in a V(D)J RSS-dependent fashion (Guilliams et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 202 (1994) 1134-1141).
Ethics and Professionalism: Can There Be Consensus? An Editorial Comment on the Report of the ACCF/AHA Consensus Conference on Professionalism and Ethics

Ethics, too, are nothing but reverence for life. That is what gives me the fundamental principle of morality, namely, that good consists in maintaining, promoting, and enhancing life, and that destroying, injuring, and limiting life are evil . Albert Schweitzer1 Ethical behavior is defined in terms of morality and is recognized as the mark of a good and decent person and, likewise, of a trustworthy organization. Although we value it in all aspects of life and have been dismayed by its flagrant absence in some modern examples in the business world and in government, it is, of course, most critical for those individuals and organizations whose actions touch our very lives. Professionals responsible for the health and welfare of society, whose actions can literally save or take a life, should appropriately be held to higher ethical standards. Likewise, organizations such as the American Heart Association (AHA), long trusted to provide critical information to healthcare providers, the public, patients, and policy makers, and thus with the ability to have a profoundly beneficial impact on society, must similarly follow the highest ethical standards. The foundation of all we do is based on the public’s trust. It is for this reason that the AHA, in partnership with the American College of Cardiology (ACC), sponsored the recent Bethesda Consensus Conference on Ethics and Professionalism, the proceedings of which are reported in this issue of Circulation .2 The topics covered were wide ranging, from issues of potential conflict of interest in research …
Changing Past Student Discipline Practices to Create a District-Wide Discipline Plan

Improving student discipline is a constant challenge in the field of P-12 education. The challenge is especially great for district-level administrators who must address the educational and social needs of all students. As a district-level administrator, the author participates in a study of a midwestern district of elementary (preschool-8) administrators and school board members implementing district-wide change surrounding discipline. Through collaboration and creativity among various constituents, the planners develop and implement a district-wide student discipline plan based on positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS). This article presents the author's view of the study and includes descriptions of planning and implementation activities, communication, new district practices, accomplishments, and lessons learned in the overall process.
Spent fuel transportation risk assessment: routine transportation

The RADTRAN model for calculating radiation doses is based on the well understood behaviour of ionising radiation. Absorption of ionising radiation depends on the energy and type of radiation and on the absorbing material. The casks that are used to transport spent nuclear fuel have walls that absorb most of the emitted ionising radiation and thereby shield the public and the workers. For routine transportation, RADTRAN models the cask as a sphere and assumes that the longest dimension of the trailer or railcar carrying the cask is the same as that of the cask. The dose rate in Sv/h at one metre from the cask is modelled as a virtual source at the centre of a sphere whose diameter is the longest dimension of the actual spent fuel cask. People who live along the cask’s route and the people in vehicles that share the route are exposed to external radiation from the cask. The dose to workers and the public from a cask during routine transportation depends on the time that the workers or public are exposed to...
A Bayesian Approach for Investigating the Risk of QT Prolongation.

The standard approach to investigating a drug for its potential for QT prolongation is to construct a 90% two-sided (or a 95% one-sided) confidence interval (CI), for the difference in baseline corrected mean QTc (heart-rate corrected version of QT) between drug and placebo at each time-point, and to conclude non-inferiority if the upper limit for each CI is less than a pre-specified constant. An alternative approach is to base the non-inferiority inference on the largest time-matched difference in population mean QTc (baseline corrected) between drug and placebo. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach to resolving this problem using a Monte Carlo simulation method. We use simulated data to assess the performance of our proposed approach, discuss its advantages over the standard approach, and illustrate the method by applying it to a real data set obtained from a thorough QT study conducted at GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).
Modeling the macroeconomic effects of AIDS, with an application to Tanzania

A Solow-style model is developed to study the effects of the AIDS epidemic on the growth path of the economy and GDP per capita. The model uses conjectures about the demographic effects of AIDS in Tanzania to estimate the macroeconomic effects on the economy. The findings suggest that, without decisive policy action, AIDS may reduce Tanzanian GDP in the year 2010 by 15 to 25 percent in relation to a counterfactual no-AIDS scenario. Per capita income levels are expected to fall by 0 to 10 percent by 2010.
A Paradigm Too Far? A Dynamic Stability Reconsideration of the Social Network Research Program

Instead of paradigmatic unity, we call for progressive theory development from a set of core concepts (Lakatos, 1970) comprising primacy of relations, ubiquity of embeddedness, social utility of connections, and structural patterning of social life. Organizational network research can capture complexity and distinctiveness of individuals and networks in terms of mutual constitution and change. The goal is not to delineate small puzzles whose outcomes are predetermined but to signal bold ideas concerning new phenomena.
An application on intelligent control using neural network and fuzzy logic

Abstract Intelligent control has become an issue of primary importance in modern process automation as it provides the prerequisites for the task of fault detection. The ability to detect the faults is essential to improve reliability and security of a complex control system. Parameter estimation methods, state observation schemes, statistical likelihood ratio tests, rule-based expert system reasoning, pattern recognition techniques, and artificial neural network approaches are the most common methodologies developed actively during recent years. In this paper, we describe a completed feasibility study demonstrating the merit of employing pattern recognition and an artificial neural network for fault diagnosis through back propagation learning algorithm and making the use of fuzzy approximate reasoning for fault control via parameter changes in a dynamic system. As a test case, a complex magnetic levitation vehicle (MLV) system is studied. Analytical fault symptoms are obtained by system dynamics measurements and the classification is carried out through a multilayer feed-forward network. The neural network is first taught the different fault situations through training patterns. After the network is trained, it achieves an overall classification accuracy of 99.78% for a disturbance-free MLV model, 91.4% for a model with track disturbance irregularities, and 93.85% for a model with measurement noise. Proper actions are performed based on fuzzy reasoning of knowledge base results in a normal process operation recovered.
The effect of diabetes on outcomes following emergency appendectomy in patients without comorbidities: a propensity score-matched analysis of National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Abstract Background The effect of diabetes and the role of laparoscopic surgery on outcomes following appendectomy for acute appendicitis are not known. Methods National Surgical Quality Improvement Program study, including patients with acute appendicitis and no significant comorbidities (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II) who underwent appendectomy. Diabetic patients were matched (1:3) with nondiabetic patients. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality, surgical site infections (SSIs), and systemic infectious complications. Results SSI was encountered more frequently in the diabetic group as compared with the nondiabetic group (6.1% vs 4.3%, P = .010). Also, the hospital length of stay was significantly longer in the diabetic group. In the diabetic group, laparoscopic appendectomy did not affect mortality, reoperation, SSI, and systemic infectious complication rates in patients with or without peritonitis (P > .05), but the hospital length of stay was significantly shorter when compared with the open procedure. Conclusions Patients with diabetes and no significant comorbidities have a higher risk of developing SSIs and longer hospital stay than patients without diabetes. Laparoscopic appendectomy had no effect on SSIs in patients with diabetes.
Persistent effects of doxorubicin on cardiac gene expression

During administration of the anthracycline antitumour agents, their cardiotoxicity can progress from cardiac dysfunction to heart failure. Cardiomyopathy can also develop years after receiving anthracyclines. To determine if persistent and/or progressive anthracycline effect(s) are referable to anthracycline effects on cardiac gene expression, steady-state mRNA levels were determined 4 days (n=8), 4 weeks (n=7) and 10 weeks (n=7) after doxorubicin (DOX; 2 mg/kg IV) in a well-characterized rabbit model. Levels of mRNA for alpha -actin, beta -myosin heavy chain and the calcium pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA2a) in the left ventricle (LV) were determined by Northern blot hybridization and expressed relative to an 18S constitutive marker. The mRNA levels for the high molecular weight subunit (cardiac isoform) of the ryanodine receptor (RyR2), sarcolemmal calcium channel (dihydropyridine receptor; DHPR), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II receptor (ATR) and atrial naturetic peptide prohormone (ANP) were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot analysis, and expressed relative to GAPDH, a constitutive marker. Histopathologic evidence for anthracycline-induced myocardial cell injury was absent (score <1) in all hearts examined except one (score=1.1; 4 weeks post-DOX), which was considered separately. Relative mRNA levels for beta -myosin heavy chain 4 days after DOX increased 1.9-fold compared to the vehicle-treated group, but by 4 weeks levels had returned to baseline. Relative mRNA levels for DHPR were increased 1.2-fold 4 days after DOX and were persistently increased 1.9- and 2.2-fold 4 and 10 weeks after DOX, respectively. The mRNA levels for ANP were first decreased (4.5-fold) 4 days after DOX. Four weeks after DOX, ANP message levels approached Control in seven out of eight rabbits. The one rabbit with early LV histopathology 4 weeks post-DOX had increased mRNA for DHPR (2.7-fold) and ANP (80-fold). Between 4 and 10 weeks after DOX, mRNA levels for ANP increased C 16-fold: evidence for late progression. In situ hybridization with specific riboprobes localized the persistent increase in DHPR and the progressive increase in ANP to myocytes. Thus, DOX alters steady-state mRNA levels in LV that are referable to both persistent and progressive anthracycline effects on myocellular gene expression.
Ventricular coronary arteries of beagles.

Summary Variations in branching pattern and distribution of dog coronary arteries have been studied by many investigators. The present study was undertaken to determine whether or not as much variation existed in the coronary artery patterns in closely related pedigreed dogs as is reported to occur in randomly selected mongrels. Coronary arteries were dissected from the hearts of 37 F 2 's from sibbed F 1 purebred beagles. Left coronary artery preponderance was observed in 95 % of the hearts, a condition reported to occur in only 20 % of human hearts. A left common coronary artery was observed in 54 %; in the remaining 46 %, the ventral interventricular and left circumflex arteries arose separately from a single ostium in the aortic wall. The interventricular septum received most of its blood supply from a large branch of the ventral interventricular artery, the ventral septal artery, which arose in 55 % of the mature hearts within 1.5 mm of the aortic wall. Most variation in pattern of the right coronary artery system was found in the origin of vessels to the conus, to the sino-atrial node and to the right ventricular myocardium. It was concluded that as much or more variation in branching pattern occurred in these closely related purebred dogs as is reported to occur in random mongrel populations.
Tightening the belt: methods for reducing development costs associated with new product innovation

Despite the fact that many firms are under pressure to reduce research and development (R&D) expenditures, there are few studies which test methods for containing costs associated with innovation. A multi-industry study of new product development projects suggests that development costs are lower when there are (a) high rewards for speedy development, high clarity of product concept, and low management interest in the project (criteria-related factors), (b) high use of external ideas and technologies (scope-related factor), (c) high number of product champions, low project leader's position in the organization, low project members' education level, and low team representativeness (staffing-related factors), and (d) low process overlap, low team proximity, low frequency of testing, and high use of CAD systems (structuring-related factors). The final model was significant at the p<0.001 level and explained 61% of the variance in development costs. Implications for scholars and managers are discussed.
Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded to various esthetic pontic materials

Introduction In this in-vitro study, we compared the shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets bonded to various commonly used esthetic pontic materials. Methods Prefabricated denture teeth (acrylic resin, Trubyte, Dentsply, York, Pa) and samples made from Integrity (bis-acryl composite resin, Dentsply Caulk, Milford, Del) and Alike (polymethylmethacrylate resin, GC America, Alsip, Ill) were used to represent the more common esthetic provisional materials. Each material group contained 30 samples; a total of 90 samples were bonded in the same fashion with APC PLUS maxillary lateral incisor brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). Each material group was then divided into 2 testing subgroups. One subgroup was tested for shear bond strength 24 hours after bonding, and the other subgroup was tested after bonding and storage in distilled water at 37°C for a week. Each bracket was loaded perpendicularly in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm per minute until bonding failure. The mean shear bond strength and standard deviation were determined for each group. Analysis of variance (ANOVA, 2-factor and 1-factor) with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests, Student t tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to test the main effects of pontic materials and time of loading (α = 0.05). The data were stratified, and 1-way ANOVA tests were performed with the Bonferroni adjustment (α = 0.01) to examine the effect of the pontic material on shear bond strength after either 1 day or 7 days of storage. Results Significant differences were found based on pontic material and time (P Conclusions Although the use of Integrity or Alike requires an additional armamentarium, necessitating individual pontic fabrication by the dental practitioner, indications for clinical use are evident with direct applications to multi-disciplinary treatment modalities.
Fathering Behavior and Emerging Adult Romantic Relationship Quality: Individual and Constellations of Behavior

Based on attachment, socialization, and social learning theories, it was hypothesized that fathers’ parenting style and fathers’ specific behaviors would be related to emerging adults’ romantic relationship quality. These hypotheses were partially supported. Hierarchical regression analyses examined one hundred twenty-eight 18- and 19-year-olds in romantic relationships. For males, more paternal warmth and less psychological control were related to more support in a romantic relationship. For both males and females, more psychological control was related to more relationship conflict. Additionally, for males, perceptions of better paternal attentiveness, praise and affection, time and talking, mother support, and school encouragement were related to more relationship support, as was more global father involvement. Perceptions of better attentiveness and school encouragement were related to more depth in romantic relationships for males. The original 9-factor structure of Hawkins et al.’s (J Men’s Stud 10:183–196, 2002) Inventory of Father Involvement was not confirmed for offspring reports. However, an 8-factor structure with one second-order factor was supported.
Performance of limited streamer drift tubes

Abstract The performance of a drift chamber based on limited streamer tubes was studied. Results obtained with single tubes and a four-layer prototype are presented. Described are the spatial resolutions and drift times for different gases including non-flammable ones, rate capability, neutron and photon sensitivity, aging, after-pulsing for different cathode materials, magnetic field effects and some other features.
The Impact of Latent Heat Release on Synoptic-Scale Vertical Motions and the Development of an Extratropical Cyclone System

This study investigates the influence of stable and convective latent heat release on synoptic-scale vertical motions and the corresponding evolution of an extratropical cyclone during a 48 h period of strong development. The cyclone's early evolution was dominated by dry dynamical processes. By midway through the period, however, forcing by latent heat release accounted for over 50 percent of the upward vertical motions, with the convective component dominating. The cyclone's development was most intense during the second 24 h, despite a decrease in latent heat release. During the latter period, the reduced direct latent heat influence may have been augmented by an indirect influence, in which pre-existing dry dynamical forcing was enhanced by diabatic intensification of vorticity and thermal gradients.
Ovarian cycles and microhabitat use in two species of topminnow, Fundulus olivaceus and F. euryzonus, from the southeastern United States

Differences in spawning seasonality, inferred from ovarian cycles, and microhabitat use for two closely related Fundulus species were not effective as potential reproductive isolating mechanisms. Seasonal spawning periodicity of F. olivaceus and F. euryzonus as shown by changes in mean egg diameter and mean number of mature eggs recovered from ovaries showed nearly identical temporal patterns in reproductive activity. Peak egg development was between April and May and was lowest by the end of August. Univariate comparisons of 11 environmental variables associated with aggregations of Fundulus spp. revealed highly significant differences in several of these variables. However, individuals of both species were frequently collected together, and microhabitat differences did not remove the potential for mismating.
The Worldwide Expansion of “Organization”:

We offer an institutional explanation for the contemporary expansion of formal organization—in numbers, internal complexity, social domains, and national contexts. Much expansion lies in areas far beyond the traditional foci on technical production or political power, such as protecting the environment, promoting marginalized groups, or behaving with transparency. We argue that expansion is supported by widespread cultural rationalization in a stateless and liberal global society, characterized by scientism, rights and empowerment discourses, and an explosion of education. These cultural changes are transmitted through legal, accounting, and professionalization principles, driving the creation of new organizations and the elaboration of existing ones. The resulting organizations are constructed to be proper social actors as much as functionally effective entities. They are painted as autonomous and integrated but depend heavily on external definitions to sustain this depiction. So expansion creates organi...
Mark-up Barking Up the Wrong Tree

The interest in machine-learning methods to solve natural-language-understanding problems has led to the use of textual annotation as an important auxiliary technique. Grammar induction based on annotation has been very successful for the Penn Treebank, where a corpus of English text was annotatedwith syntactic information. This shining example has inspired a plethora of annotation efforts: corpora are annotated for ‘coreference’, for animacy, for expressions of opinions, for temporal dependencies, for the estimated duration of the activities that the expressions refer to, and so on. It is not clear though that these efforts are bound to repeat the success of the Penn Treebank. The circumstances in which the Penn Treebank project was executed are vastly different from those in which most annotation tasks take place. First, the annotation was a linguistic task and one about which there is reasonable agreement. People might quibble about the way to represent certain constituent structure distinctions in English, but they do, in general, not disagree about the distinctions themselves; and if you don’t like the Treebank as is, you can translate it into your favorite format. Second, theworkwas done by advanced students who understood the task andwere supervised by specialists in the field. Third, this was not done in a hurry. The project started in 1989 and the corpora are still maintained and the annotations improved. About the only thing that this project has in common with the bulk of annotation tasks is that the annotators were not very well paid. Currently, we see annotation schemas being developed for phenomena that are much less well understood than constituent structure. In workshops and conferences we hear lively discussions about interannotator agreement, about tools to make the annotation task easier, about how to cope with multiple annotations of the same text, about the development of international standards for annotation schemes in specific subdomains, and, most importantly, about the statistical models that can be built once the annotations are in place. One thing that is much less discussed is whether the annotation indeed helps isolate the property that motivated it in the first place. This is not the same as interannotator agreement. For interannotator agreement, it suffices that all annotators do the same thing. But even with full annotator agreement it is not sure that the task captures what was initially intended. Assume that I want to mark all the entities in a text that refer to the same entity with the same number and I tell my annotators “Whenever you see the word Chicago, give it the same number”: I’ll get great interannotator agreement with that guideline but it is debatable whether I will realize my proclaimed aim of classifying references to one and the same entity in the outside world. Presumably, I would like to catch all the references to the city of Chicago, but Chicago pizza is made and sold all over the United States, and the relation
Basaloid and Warty Carcinomas of the Vulva. Distinctive Types of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Frequently Associated With Human Papillomaviruses

In a previous study, we described an elevated prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in two specific types of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva designated basaloid carcinoma (BC) and warty carcinoma (WC) compared with the conventional type of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (KSC). To deter
Detecting ventricular fibrillation using efficient techniques for computing a normalized autocorrelation

With the introduction of the multifunction implantable pacemaker/cardioverter/defibrillator, it is increasingly important to detect and identify arrhythmias automatically. Detection of ventricular fibrillation by analysis of the autocorrelation function is widely used on surface lead ECG analysis, but due to the computational demand is not practical for use in an implantable defibrillator. In this paper, results using three computationally efficient algorithms for estimating the normalized autocorrelation are compared with the true normalized autocorrelation for discriminating polymorphic ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (PMVT/VF) from monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (MVT) using signals available to an implantable defibrillator.
Thyroid Hormone Regulates the Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase PI Promoter

Abstract The acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α gene has two promoters, PI and PII. A variety of mRNA products result from this gene, depending on promoter usage and splicing events. We have investigated thyroid hormone regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α gene expression, using the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction with PI- or PII-specific primers. RNA was extracted from a range of tissues taken from hypo-, eu-, or hyperthyroid rats. PII-generated products were found in all tissues examined at similar levels and were not affected by thyroid state. Products derived from PI were also widely found but with more variable levels of expression. PI mRNAs were reduced in hypo- and elevated in hyperthyroid livers. In brown adipose tissue, more PI products were found in hypothyroid animals. Thus, thyroid hormone regulates the activity of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase PI promoter to influence fatty acid synthesis in a tissue-specific manner.
4β-Hydroxywithanolide E isolated from Physalis pruinosa calyx decreases inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling in diabetic mouse adipose tissue

4β-Hydroxywithanolide E isolated from Physalis pruinosa calyx decreases inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling in diabetic mouse adipose tissue
Darkness from Light: The Beacon Fire in the Agamemnon

The fire beacon in the opening scenes of the Agamemnon commands attention and creates the positive image of light from darkness. In the immediate context the light of the beacon relieves the watchman of his toil and brings joy to Argos. The image, however, is not totally positive. The fire signal announces both the fall of Troy and the return of Agamemnon to Clytemnestra. The negative aspect, furthermore, is emphasised at the opening — the watchman's joy at seeing the beacon (lines 22ff.) gives way at line 36 to foreboding (τ⋯ δ' ἄλλα σιγ⋯). For the original audience of 458 b.c. I suggest that this fire beacon proclaiming victory must have conveyed other negative overtones. In brief, it will have recalled to them vividly the signals used by the Persian commanders during the great invasion of 480 to announce Athens' capture to an expectant Persian court.
Stable quantities in fixed price disequilibrium

Recent work in the area of non-Walrasian process analysis has focused on three primary deficiencies in the Walrasian tatonnement assumptions. These are the Walrasian neglect of endowment and spillover effects together with the failure to assign a special role for money. In detail: First, it has long been known that if trade takes place during the process of price adjustment, the resulting capital gains and losses coupled with the change in the distribution of commodities will tend to shift the position of the equilibrium. (For an early source, see 18, Book V, Chap. II].) This leaves the system with the problem of trying, so to speak, to close in on a moving target. This is the endowment effect. Surprisingly, Hahn, Negishi, and others (see 17; 1, Chap. 131) h ave found that stability follows in this class of models more readily than in Walrasian models. Second, Clower ]3] and Patikin [ 9, Chap. XIII] have argued that if trade takes place away from equilibrium, we should expect that non-zero excess demands in some markets will influence trading plans in other markets. This is the spillover effect. The classic case is that if a worker on the long side of the labor market cutting his planned consumption below its Walrasian level. Because of spillovers, the demands which actually get expressed in the marketplace can differ significantly, even in sign, from the demands which the Walrasian auctioneer responds to. Initially there was speculation that spillovers would generate instability and/or unemployment equilibria; but thus far the theoretical results are mixed (compare, for example, [ 11, IO]). Finally, Clower [4J has argued that the Patikinesque macromoney-general equilibrium models have not succeeded in formally distinguishing between money and other durables as a means of payment. Noting that the Walrasian budget constraint implicitly allows trading in any pair of commodities, he urges that a tighter restriction be introduced in the interest of enforcing the rule-“Money buys goods, and goods buy money; 302 0022.0531/81/050302-12502.00/O
Progression of Gene Expression Changes following a Mechanical Injury to Articular Cartilage as a Model of Early Stage Osteoarthritis

An impact injury model of early stage osteoarthritis (OA) progression was developed using a mechanical insult to an articular cartilage surface to evaluate differential gene expression changes over time and treatment. Porcine patellae with intact cartilage surfaces were randomized to one of three treatments: nonimpacted control, axial impaction (2000 N), or a shear impaction (500 N axial, with tangential displacement to induce shear forces). After impact, the patellae were returned to culture for 0, 3, 7, or 14 days. At the appropriate time point, RNA was extracted from full-thickness cartilage slices at the impact site. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate differential gene expression for 18 OA related genes from four categories: cartilage matrix, degradative enzymes and inhibitors, inflammatory response and signaling, and cell apoptosis. The shear impacted specimens were compared to the axial impacted specimens and showed that shear specimens more highly expressed type I collagen (Col1a1) at the early time points. In addition, there was generally elevated expression of degradative enzymes, inflammatory response genes, and apoptosis markers at the early time points. These changes suggest that the more physiologically relevant shear loading may initially be more damaging to the cartilage and induces more repair efforts after loading.
Validation of fumonisin biomarkers in F344 rats.

Fumonisins (FNs) are ubiquitous contaminants of cereal grains. Fumonisin B{sub 1} (FB{sub 1}) was linked to several animal and human diseases. To validate FB{sub 1} biomarkers for studying human disease risks, F344 rats were administered by gavage with either a single dose of 0, 10 or 25 mg FB{sub 1}/kg body weight (BW) or repeated doses of 0, 1.0, or 2.5 mg FB{sub 1}/kg BW/day for 5 weeks. FB{sub 1} excretion and FB{sub 1}-induced metabolic alterations of sphingolipids in rat urine, feces and serum were assessed. Dose-dependent urinary and fecal excretion of free FB{sub 1} were found in both single-dose- and repeat-dose-treated rats. In the single-dose study, urinary sphinganine (Sa) to sphingosine (So) ratio (Sa/So) reached a maximum at day 7 for the high-dose group and at day 5 for the low-dose group, whereas serum Sa/So showed only marginal changes. In the repeat-dose study, urinary Sa/So was persistently elevated at 2 weeks, while serum Sa/So was unchanged. Time course changes of sphinganine 1-phosphate (SaP) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (SoP) were also examined. Although serum Sa/So and SaP/SoP ratios showed no signs of time- or dose-dependent changes, a 10-fold increase in urinary SaP/SoP was observed, suggesting that urinary SaP/SoP is a moremore » sensitive biomarker for FB{sub 1} exposure. The accumulation of SaP and SoP was evident in the time course of SaP/Sa and SoP/So, which may reflect activity changes of enzymes closely related to the metabolism and catabolism of SaP and SoP. These results provide concrete evidence towards the practical use of excreted FB{sub 1}, Sa/So and SaP/SoP as biomarkers of exposure to FNs.« less