cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control system performance and efficiency for a mid-depth Lagrangian profiling float

This paper presents the development of a new mid-depth Lagrangian profiling float with a primary emphasis on the control system performance and efficiency. While deep water floats have demonstrated much success in open ocean environments, many are not suited for the additional challenges associated with coastal regions. To study these regions, which are often subject to varying bathymetry within the operating range and higher variations in water density, a more advanced system is required. This new design utilizes pressure and altitude feedback to drive a high volume auto-ballasting system (ABS). The main operating modes of this float include step inputs to park and drift at constant depths, profiling inputs with adjustable rates and adaptable limits, and constant altitude bottom tracking. To handle these tasks, a state-space feedback control system, which uses feedback linearization to account for the nonlinear drag force acting on the moving float, was designed and simulated. Additionally, the development of the control system was coupled with empirical motor efficiency data to study the tradeoffs between efficiency and performance.
Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy and defective G proteins.

Given the myriad extracellular signals impinging on cells, the number of mechanisms used to convey information to them is surprisingly limited. A common feature is a signal discriminator, better known as a receptor. Often, the receptor is also an intracellular signal generator. Binding of an activating signal to the receptor triggers its intrinsic signal-generating capacity. An exception to this pattern is a large class of cell-surface receptors that are coupled to distinct intracellular signal generators by molecular go-betweens, called G proteins. G proteins are products of a large gene family. They specifically bind guanine nucleotides and hydrolyze the last phosphate . . .
Detection of anthrax toxin genetic sequences by the solid phase oligo-probes.

Purpose: There is an urgent need to detect a rapid field-based test to detect anthrax. We have developed a rapid, highly sensitive DNA-based method to detect the anthrax toxin lethal factor gene located in pXO1, which is necessary for the pathogenicity of Bacillus anthracis. Materials and Methods: We have adopted the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) so that instead of capturing antibodies we capture the DNA of the target sequence by a rapid oligo-based hybridization and then detect the captured DNA with another oligoprobe that binds to a different motif of the captured DNA sequences at a dissimilar location. We chose anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase sequences located in pXO1 and used complementary oligoprobe, conjugated with biotin, to detect the captured anthrax specific sequence by the streptavidin-peroxidase-based colorimetric assay. Result: Our system can detect picomoles (pMoles) of anthrax (approximately 33 spores of anthrax) and is >1000 times more sensitive than the current ELISA, which has a detection range of 0.1 to 1.0 ng/mL. False positive results can be minimized when various parameters and the colour development steps are optimized. Conclusion: Our results suggest that this assay can be adapted for the rapid detection of minuscule amounts of the anthrax spores that are aerosolized in the case of a bioterrorism attack. This detection system does not require polymerase chain reaction (PCR) step and can be more specific than the antibody method. This method can also detect genetically engineered anthrax. Since, the antibody method is so specific to the protein epitope that bioengineered versions of anthrax may not be detected.
Novel acoustic excitations in suspensions of hard-sphere colloids.

We use Brillouin scattering to measure the longitudinal-phonon dispersion curves for a suspension of hard-sphere colloids. Two distinct propagating acoustic excitations are observed when the wavelength of the sound is comparable to, or smaller than, the size of the spheres. One excitation has a velocity intermediate between that of the fluid and the solid phases and is interpreted as an acoustic wave propagating through the composite medium of fluid and solid spheres. The second has a velocity slower than both that of the solid and that of the fluid phase and is interpreted as a coupled interfacial, or Stoneley, wave.
THE INFLUENCE OF PHENOBARBITAL ADMINISTRATION UPON THE "SOLUBLE" NADP-REQUIRING ENZYMES IN LIVER.

Abstract Phenobarbital pretreatment effected a twofold increase in the activities of d -glucose-6-phosphate: NADP-oxidoreductase and 6-phospho- d -gluconate: NADP-oxidoreductase (G-6-P and 6-PG oxidoreductases). No change was observed in the activities of isocitrate or dihydrouracil oxidoreductases. The minimal effective dose for a detectable increase in G-6-P oxidoreductase was 1 mg kg body weight of phenobarbital twice daily for 4 days; maximal stimulation was obtained with 20 mg kg of the drug. In addition, aminopyrine, barbital, and diphenhydramine increased G-6-P oxidoreductase activity, whereas 3,4-benzpyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene were ineffective. The phenobarbital-induced increase in G-6-P oxidoreductase was inhibited by p -fluoro- dl -phenylalanine; prevention of this inhibition was achieved by the simultaneous administration of l -phenylalanine. Ethionine administration did not significantly reduce the enzymatic activity. The increase in enzymatic activity resulting from pretreatment with phenobarbital was also prevented by 6-mercaptopurine and 5-fluorouracil. A comparison of the pH optimum, K m for G-6-P and NADP, storage denaturation at −5°, and heat denaturation at 50° revealed no significant difference between the control supernatant fractions and the preparations obtained from the livers of phenobarbital-pretreated rats.
Nitric Oxide Inhibits the Rate and Strength of Cardiac Contractions in the Lobster Homarus americanus by Acting on the Cardiac Ganglion

The lobster heart is synaptically driven by the cardiac ganglion, a spontaneously bursting neural network residing within the cardiac lumen. Here, we present evidence that nitric oxide (NO) plays an inhibitory role in lobster cardiac physiology. (1) NO decreases heartbeat frequency and amplitude. Decreased frequency is a direct consequence of a decreased ganglionic burst rate. Decreased amplitude is an indirect consequence of decreased burst frequency, attributable to the highly facilitating nature of the synapses between cardiac ganglion neurons and muscle fibers (although, during prolonged exposure to NO, amplitude recovers to the original level by a frequency-independent adaptation mechanism). NO does not alter burst duration, spikes per burst, heart muscle contractility, or amplitudes of synaptic potentials evoked by stimulating postganglionic motor nerves. Thus, NO acts on the ganglion, but not on heart muscle. (2) Two observations suggest that NO is produced within the lobster heart. First, immunoblot analysis shows that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is strongly expressed in heart muscle relative to other muscles. Second, l-nitroarginine (l-NA), an NOS inhibitor, increases the rate of the heartbeat (opposite to the effects of NO). In contrast, the isolated ganglion is insensitive to l-NA, suggesting that heart muscle (but not the ganglion) produces endogenous NO. Basal heart rate varies from animal to animal, and l-NA has the greatest effect on the slowest hearts, presumably because these hearts are producing the most NO. Thus, because the musculature is a site of NOS expression, whereas the ganglion is the only intracardiac target of NO, we hypothesize that NO serves as an inhibitory retrograde transmitter.
Clavicular fracture in a collegiate football player: a case report of rapid return to play.

Abstract Objective: To present the case of surgical treatment and rehabilitation of a midshaft clavicular fracture in a National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football athlete. Background: While attempting to catch a pass during practice, the athlete jumped up and then landed on the tip of his shoulder. On-the-field evaluation was inconclusive, with a sideline evaluation diagnosis of clavicular fracture. Postinjury radiographs revealed a midshaft clavicular fracture. Differential Diagnosis: Spiral oblique midshaft clavicular fracture. Treatment: The sports medicine staff discussed surgical and nonsurgical options. A surgical procedure of internal fixation with an 8-hole plate was performed. Uniqueness: Surgical treatment for clavicular fractures is becoming increasingly common. This is the first report of an advanced rehabilitation protocol for surgical repair. We suggest that new rehabilitation protocols for clavicular repairs be investigated now that surgical treatment is being pursued more...
Isomorphism between pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound and direction-of-arrival estimation. I. Basic principles

Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of signals is an important area of research in sonar and radar signal processing. Over the last few decades, numerous techniques have been developed for high-resolution DOA estimation. In this paper, we show that velocity measurement using pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound and DOA estimation are isomorphic problems. We discuss a number of DOA methods and their potential application to flow velocity measurement using ultrasound. Wide-band DOA methods are of special interest because the pulses used for Doppler ultrasound are also wide band. These wide-band methods generally involve a preprocessing step to convert wideband signals to narrow band before applying high-resolution techniques. Application of DOA methods to Doppler ultrasound provides tools for high-resolution velocity measurement, identification of multiple velocity components within a sample volume, and clutter rejection.
Rhabdomyolysis following total hip arthroplasty

We report six cases of contralateral limb involvement during total hip arthroplasty including swelling of the gluteal muscle compartments, rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and sciatic nerve palsy. The risk factors for such complications include obesity, prolonged operative time, and positioning in the lateral decubitus position. The laboratory and clinical findings are consistent with a gluteal muscle crush-injury with consequent compartment syndrome. The patients should be treated conservatively as symptoms can be expected to resolve.
Smad3 and PKCδ mediate TGF-β1-induced collagen I expression in human mesangial cells

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been associated with fibrogenesis in clinical studies and animal models. We previously showed that Smad3 promotes COL1A2 gene activation by TGF-β1 in human me...
The Santa Ana Winds of California

Abstract A 33-yr, numerical dataset of the occurrence of Santa Ana winds for the period 1968–2000 has been created and validated. Daily Weather Maps were examined to identify the days when a surface high pressure system existed over the Great Basin simultaneously with a surface low pressure system offshore of southern California, and the prevailing wind over southern California was from the northeast quadrant. The dates of these occurrences, as well as the wind speed, temperature, and dewpoint temperature among other variables, were extracted and tabulated. The frequency of Santa Ana events derived from the weather maps was compared to events defined by wind direction only and there is agreement between the two. Preliminary results show that the Santa Ana event is limited to the period September–April and that the month of peak occurrence is December. The average frequency of events is 20 yr–1 and the average duration of an event is 1.5 days. Humidity levels are not uniform across Santa Ana events; the dr...
Islam and the Gendered Discourses of Death

On a bright day in January 1987, my host in the Awlad ʿAli bedouin community in Egypt in which I had been doing research invited me to accompany him on a con dolence call. He knew how enthusiastic I was about visiting people who stillcamped in traditional tents in the desert, and this set of families, he assured me, lived in a beautiful area. The group's patriarch had died twenty days ago, but my host had been too busy to go so only his younger brothers had paid their respects. He had just heard, though, that the bereaved family was upset he had not come himself. So we drove off in his car, with his two cowives in the back seat, stop ping at the market town nearby to buy a fat sheep to take with us. As they loaded the beast into his car, my host complained about how expensive sheep had be come. The sound of its bleating in the trunk reminded me of trips to weddings, when sheep are also obligatory gifts.
A set-oriented inference mechanism for large data-intensive logic-bases

Several strategies for processing queries in data-intensive logic bases (deductive databases) have been recently proposed. These strategies can be grouped into the one-tuple-at-a-time and the set-of-tuples-at-a-time classes. A strategy of the first class searches the logic base for one solution to the processed query at any point in time and uses backtracking to find alternative solutions. A strategy of the second class searches the logic base to find all of the solutions to the query simultaneously, thus eliminating the need for backtracking. The modification of Prolog's tuple-at-a-time processing strategy into a set-at-a-time one is investigated. The set-modified version of Prolog has been implemented, and the resulting interpreter has been benchmarked against a classical Prolog one, showing a dramatic improvement in performance. >
A comparative analysis of clinging ability among pad‐bearing lizards

We examined clinging ability, subdigital pad area and body mass in 14 pad-bearing lizard species from three families to test three predictions: (1) clinging ability and pad area should be tightly correlated among species; (2) pad area and clinging ability should scale similarly to body mass among 14 species; and (3) functional similarity in clinging capabilities should exist among species despite differences in body mass. Our results confirm two predictions; clinging ability is tightly correlated with pad area, even when the effects of body size are removed, and the lizards examined are approximately functionally similar in their clinging capabilities. Nevertheless, despite the tight correlation between pad area and clinging ability, pad area scales with body mass by a lower slope than clinging ability. Overall, these results indicate that although pad area is a strong determinant of clinging ability, other factors enable these lizards to maintain functional similarity.
Disruption of polyamine modulation by a single amino acid substitution on the L3 loop of the OmpC porin channel

Structural studies have demonstrated that the extracellular L3 loop of porin constricts the channel and suggest that this loop might be involved in channel selectivity and gating. We previously showed that positively charged polyamines can induce changes in porin gating kinetics by stabilization of closed states. Here we report the effects of the mutation of two different aspartate residues of Escherichia coli OmpC porin on the polyamine sensitivity of the channel. Aspartate 105 or aspartate 118 on the L3 loop was replaced by glutamine by site-directed mutagenesis. The gating activity of the wild-type and mutant channels were studied by patch-clamp of liposomes containing reconstituted outer membrane fractions, in the absence or the presence of either polyamine spermine or cadaverine. Porin channels with a D118Q mutation, at the root of L3, still showed some, albeit milder, sensitivity to polyamine modulation. On the other hand, the D105Q mutation, at the tip of L3, abolished the increase in closing frequency which is typically observed in the presence of polyamines. We conclude that aspartate 105 primarily, but not aspartate 118, plays an important role in mediating the polyamine-induced changes in gating kinetics that result in the inhibition of the OmpC channel.
Numerical Simulation of a Free Molecular Electro Jet (FMEJ) for In-Space Propulsion

A design of a new class of plasma-based micro-thrusters is being proposed for in-space propulsion. This device, called Free Molecular Electro Jet (FMEJ), utilizes micro-actuators to accelerate the flow in a micro-channel with rarified gas. Numerical modeling of this device is being performed in order to predict the nature of the flow inside a micro-channel and the effectiveness of actuators for the given application. The numerical model is used to assess the improvements over existing micro-thruster designs such as free molecular micro resistojets and anode layer Hall thrusters. A finite element based multiscale ionized gas (MIG) flow code utilizing the Galerkin weak statement algorithm combined with an artificial diffusion method called Sub Grid eMbedding (SGM), is used to model the thruster using continuum approach. The results show that the thrust, specific impulse and efficiency seem to be similar to other electrical propulsion devices with similar input power despite the simplicity of the micro-thruster design.
Modeling of unstructured uncertainties and robust controlling of nonlinear dynamic systems based on type-2 fuzzy basis function networks

This paper proposes new methods for modeling unstructured uncertainties and robust controlling of unknown nonlinear dynamic systems by using a novel robust Takagi Sugeno fuzzy controller (RTSFC). First, a new training algorithm for an interval type-2 fuzzy basis function network (FBFN) is proposed. Next, a novel technique is presented to convert the interval type-2 FBFN to an interval type-2 Takagi Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. Based on the interval type-2 TS and type-2 FBFN models, a robust controller is presented with an adjustable convergence rate. Since the type-2 fuzzy model with its new training technique can effectively capture the unstructured uncertainties and accurately estimate the upper and lower bounds of unknown nonlinear dynamic systems, the stability condition of the proposed control system is much less conservative than other robust control methods that are based on norm bounded uncertainties. Simulation results on an electrohydraulic actuator show that the RTSFC can reduce steady state error under different conditions while maintaining better responses than the other robust sliding mode controllers.
Disclosure of endogenous information

We study the effect of disclosure requirements in environments where experts publicly acquire private information before engaging in a persuasion game with a decision maker. In contrast to settings where private information is exogenous, we show that disclosure requirements never change the set of equilibrium outcomes regardless of the players’ preferences.
The Buffalo Model: Shifting the Focus of Clinical Licensure Exams in Dentistry to Address Ethical Concerns Regarding Patient Care

Most jurisdictions grant dental licensure to graduating students following successful completion of a clinical exam. Testing agencies, which are independent of dental schools, nevertheless conduct their exams at school facilities. Patient participation in these exams raises ethical concerns regarding such issues as unlicensed providers' performing irreversible procedures with minimal supervision and graduates' limited accessibility to provide follow-up treatment. To address these concerns, a collaborative effort between University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine faculty and testing agency personnel was launched. The aims of this article are to describe the development and implementation of the resulting Buffalo Model, to highlight ethical advantages in its application, and to identify areas of improvement to be addressed in future iterations. With the Buffalo Model, modifications were made to the traditional exam format in order to integrate the exam into the school curriculum, enabling candidates to take it at various points during their fourth year. In addition, after calibration of school faculty members, 98.5% of cases verified by faculty were accepted by the Commission on Dental Competency Assessments for use in the exam. In two cases, restorative treatment completed during the exam did not meet the school's competency standard. This new approach ameliorates ethical concerns associated with clinical licensure exams because treatment is provided only to patients of record within a sequenced treatment plan and timely and appropriate treatment is provided to all patients. The results of this first year of implementation also suggest that calibrated faculty members will not show bias in the selection of lesions or competency evaluations of candidates.
Molecular Imaging of Vascular Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Thrombosis

Molecular imaging provides unique means for detecting and quantifying biological processes in intact subjects. Started as a novel, emerging field only a decade ago, vascular molecular imaging is now at the footsteps of clinical practice and promises to drastically alter practice paradigms. Through detection of molecular and cellular processes involved in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis and other vascular diseases, molecular imaging can allow for early diagnosis and risk stratification based on objective assessment of dynamic biological processes occurring in a given individual. As a research tool, molecular imaging allows for longitudinal studies in the same subject and reduces the number of subjects needed in a given study to obtain interpretable data. By providing surrogate biological measures, molecular imaging may advance drug development and reduce the time required for evaluation of new drugs. In this chapter, we outline experimental imaging technologies and discuss the strengths and weaknesses associated with existent imaging platforms. We further describe molecular imaging approaches that involve detection of pathways associated with vascular diseases, including inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and angiogenesis. We then review a number of clinical studies that involve molecular imaging for evaluation of atherosclerosis in specific patient populations. Much of the exciting potential of vascular molecular imaging has at least partially materialized and novel advances promise to expand its applications in vascular biology research and cardiovascular medicine.
The Disenchantment of the World

The chapter introduces the central problematic in the text: that of the disenchantment of the world. Modern people reflect on their values, life conditions, and goals in a way that is markedly different from that of traditional people. Modern humans are much less deeply “embedded” in their socio-cultural horizon of values. Art also becomes philosophical and disenchanted. How can the philosophy of Martin Heidegger be understood as a response to the problem of disenchantment? What are the various modes and manners of reinvigorating a society that has become ratiocinated by instrumental rationality, egoism, and the domination of nature as resources for technical progress?
Market Valuation of Anticipated Governance Changes: Evidence from Contentious Shareholder Meetings

We define annual shareholder meetings as contentious if one or more ballot items are likely to obtain sufficient shareholder votes to induce a firm to implement governance changes. Using a sample of almost 28,000 meetings between 2003 and 2012, we find that abnormal stock returns over the 40-day period prior to contentious meetings are significantly positive and higher than prior to non-contentious meetings. These higher abnormal returns persist after controlling for firm-specific news and proxies for risk factors and are more pronounced in firms with poor past performance. Our results are consistent with investors viewing an increase in the probability of shareholder vote-induced governance changes as value creating, on average.
On Proteinoid Structure

The structure of proteinoids should be of special interest to the peptide chemist and those studying the prebiotic chemical evolution preceding the origin of life. Fox and his colleagues (1980) have experimentally discovered a number of interesting properties of the proteinoids (thermal polyamino acids) such as their ability to form microspheres (protocells) in aqueous solutions and specific catalytic activities which would be necessary to form polymers. A number of parameters can influence the polymerization of the amino acids such as: reactivities, steric constraints of the amino acid side chains as well as the growing polymer chain, stability of intermediates and products, hydrogen-bonding interactions and amino acid composition of the polymerization mixture. A great deal of information is necessary on structure of the polymers in order to understand their ability to coalesce into microspheres and ability to act as specific catalyts.
The South Atlantic Subtropical High: Climatology and Interannual Variability

AbstractERA-Interim and JRA-55 reanalysis products are analyzed to document the annual cycle of the South Atlantic subtropical high (SASH) and examine how its interannual variability relates to regional and large-scale climate variability. The annual cycle of the SASH is found to have two peaks in both intensity and size. The SASH is strongest and largest during the solstitial months when its center is either closest to the equator and on the western side of the South Atlantic basin during austral winter or farthest poleward and in the center of the basin in late austral summer. Although interannual variations in the SASH’s position are larger in the zonal direction, the intensity of the high decreases when it is positioned to the north. This relationship is statistically significant in every month. Seasonal composites and EOF analysis indicate that meridional changes in the position of the SASH dominate interannual variations in austral summer. In particular, the anticyclone tends to be displaced polewar...
Environmental taxation and mergers in oligopoly markets with product differentiation

We analyze the effect of mergers on optimal environmental taxation in a Cournot oligopoly market with product differentiation. Our result indicates that the adjustment in emission tax crucially depends on the post-merger output distortion and pollution intensities. Specifically, we find that the optimal emission tax increases post-merger as long as pollution intensity of firms is higher and output distortion smaller post-merger than pre-merger. Furthermore, our result suggests that there is no need to revise environmental policy in markets where pollution intensity of firms does not change post-merger and (i) products are completely differentiated, or (ii) there are many firms for any degree of product differentiation.
Heroic exploits of a no-nonsense tough guy

The old curmudgeon (his own words), the discoverer of technetium and spontaneous fission in plutonium-239 and plutonium-240, the co-discoverer of the antiproton, Emilio Gino Segre has given us a lively self-portrait of one who was at the centre of activity in the heroic age of nuclear physics and the emergence of the great accelerators.
Childhood Education Program

(1974). Childhood Education Program. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 45, No. 6, pp. 20-21.
Managing Corporate Risk

Abstract Recent developments in corporate risk management include an expansion of the available instruments, a material reduction in the costs of risk management products, and a more sophisticated understanding of their benefits. The chapter examines the underlying theory of how risk management increases firm value, and it summarizes the evidence on the use of risk management instruments.
Perinatal lead (Pb) exposure results in sex and tissue-dependent adult DNA methylation alterations in murine IAP transposons

Epidemiological and animal data suggest that adult chronic disease is influenced by early-life exposure-induced changes to the epigenome. Previously, we observed that perinatal lead (Pb) exposure results in persistent murine metabolic- and activity-related effects. Using phylogenetic and DNA methylation analysis, we have also identified novel intracisternal A particle (IAP) retrotransposons exhibiting regions of variable methylation as candidate loci for environmental effects on the epigenome. Here, we now evaluate brain and kidney DNA methylation profiles of four representative IAPs in adult mice exposed to human physiologically relevant levels of Pb two weeks prior to mating through lactation. When IAPs across the genome were evaluated globally, average (sd) methylation levels were 92.84% (3.74) differing by tissue (P < 0.001), but not sex or dose. By contrast, the four individual IAPs displayed tissue-specific Pb and sex effects. Medium Pb-exposed mice had 3.86% less brain methylation at IAP 110 (P < 0.01), while high Pb-exposed mice had 2.83% less brain methylation at IAP 236 (P = 0.01) and 1.77% less at IAP 506 (P = 0.05). Individual IAP DNA methylation differed by sex for IAP 110 in the brain and kidney, IAP 236 in the kidney, and IAP 1259 in the kidney. Using Tomtom, we identified three binding motifs that matched to each of our novel IAPs impacted by Pb, one of which (HMGA2) has been linked to metabolic-related conditions in both mice and humans. Thus, these recently identified IAPs display tissue-specific environmental lability as well as sex-specific differences supporting an epigenetic link between early exposure to Pb and later-in-life health outcomes. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:540-550, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characteristics of Successful Quality Improvement Teams: Lessons from Five Collaborative Projects in the VHA

Article-at-a-Glance Background A pre–post observational design was used to study the aggregate results of five national Breakthrough Series (BTS) collaboratives run within Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to identify the organizational, interpersonal, and systemic characteristics of successful improvement teams. Methods One hundred thirty-four medical quality improvement teams participated in five BTS collaboratives in the VHA between 1999 and 2002. Team characteristics were assessed using a team questionnaire before and after the BTS collaboratives. Results Fifty-seven percent of participating teams were rated as successful (a $ 20% improvement from baseline for at least two months before the collaboratives' end). More high-performing medical quality improvement teams perceived their work to be part of their organization's key strategic goals. By the end of the BTS collaboratives, high-performing teams had more front-line staff support and stronger team leadership. Discussion Strong organizational support, strong team leadership, and high levels of interpersonal team skills help medical quality improvement teams go further to improve clinical care. It is recommended that quality improvement teams become integrated with their organization's key strategic goals, that improvement teams stay together, and that leadership and team training be provided to improve clinical outcomes.
Segway® Personal Transporter-Related Injuries: A Systematic Literature Review and Implications for Acute and Emergency Care.

Abstract Background The Segway® Personal Transporter™ (SPT) is used widely as a means of transport for city sightseeing tours, law enforcement, and professionals working in large facilities and factories. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess SPT-related injuries. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, we queried PubMed from 1990 to 2017. The search terms Segway, personal transporter, and injury were used. Only English-language studies were included. Data were extracted from each article, specifically the sample size, study setting, and design, as well as the prevalence of specific injuries. Results A total of six articles were included that included data on 135 patients. Sample size per study varied from 1 to 41 patients. Studies occurred in both the emergency department and inpatient settings, including medical-surgical wards, and intensive care units. The most commonly reported injuries were orthopedic cases (n = 45), maxillofacial cases (n = 13), neurologic cases (n = 8), and thoracic cases (n = 10). Conclusions The SPT is an innovative transportation method; however, its use is associated with a wide range of injuries. Many of these injuries require hospital admission and surgical intervention, incurring significant morbidity and high costs.
Derivation and tuning of a solvable and compact differential–algebraic equations model for LiFePO4–graphite Li–ion batteries

This paper presents a procedure for deriving and tuning a solvable and compact differential–algebraic equation (DAE) model for the LiFePO4–graphite lithium–ion battery cell. A reduced order model can drastically decrease the simulation time with a minimal loss of the prediction accuracy for the lithium–ion battery. This paper proposes a method based on a linear DAE theory for choosing a Galerkin formulation that will produce a solvable ROM from the original higher-order model of the lithium–ion battery cell. Moreover, a systematic tuning of the model parameters using the sensitivity study and the genetic algorithm is demonstrated by exploiting the computational efficiency of the simplified model. When coupled with the model for describing the hysteresis of the battery cell, the tuned model, consisting of 26 DAEs, shows a good agreement with the experimental data from a LiFePO4–graphite battery cell at rates up to 4 C.
Energy value of corn wet milling by-product feeds for finishing ruminants.

Five trials were conducted to evaluate the energy value of corn wet milling by-products in finishing diets. In trials 1 (45 finishing lambs, 34 kg) and 2 (70 digestion wethers, 32 kg), Rambouillet X Suffolk lambs fed corn gained faster (P less than .10), more efficiently (P less than .10) and had higher (P less than .01) digestibilities of neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDF, ADF) and starch than lambs fed dry corn gluten feed (DCGF). Lambs fed wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) consumed less feed (trial 1, P less than .05; trial 2, P less than .01), were more efficient (P less than .01) NDF and ADF digestibilities than lambs fed DCGF. Starch, NDF and ADF digestion were higher (P less than .01) for lambs fed WCGF vs wet corn bran (WCB). Lambs fed WCGF gained faster (P less than .10) and consumed more (trial 1, P = .12; trial 2, P less than .10) feed than lambs fed WCB. Dried corn bran increased (trial 1, P less than .05; trial 2, P less than .01) intake and increased (P less than .01) dry matter digestion (DMD) compared with WCB. In trial 3, rates of in vitro dry matter and NDF disappearance were similar among by-product feeds. In trial 4 (50 individually fed Shorthorn-Hereford-Angus steers, 316 kg), steers fed WCGF tended to consume more (P = .14) feed than steers fed DCGF. Corn gluten feed (CGF) replacing 0 to 46% corn decreased gain (linear, P less than .05) and DMD (linear, P less than .10), while starch digestion was highest for 23% CGF (quadratic, P less than .01). A level X CGF type interaction (P = .15) occurred for efficiency due to the lower gain of steers fed 46% DCGF. The efficiency of CGF utilization was 97% that of corn when WCGF replaced 23 or 46% corn or DCGF replaced 23% corn. Dry CGF replacing 46% corn had 87% the value of corn. In trial 5 (186 Hereford-Angus cattle, 310 kg), DCGF replacing 25 and 50% corn had 97 to 100% the efficiency of corn, while intake and gain were not affected. Dry CGF replacing 25 and 50% corn silage increased (linear, P less than .05) intake 11.3% and gain 13.8%. In ruminants, CGF is highly digestible and feed efficiency is similar to corn when WCGF is fed up to 50% of the grain component or when DCGF is fed up to 25% of the grain component.
Confronting the Structure of International Development: Political Agency and the Chiquitanos of Bolivia

In the past few decades, Latin America has encountered two related developments that are transforming indigenous peoples' ownership, use, and management of land and resources. The first has been a wave of political organizing among indigenous communities. International linkages, national and regional confederations, and local, intercommunal organizations have proliferated across Central and South America. Secondly, there has been a swift rise in the number and influence of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), which have brought unprecedented financial support and political leverage to the struggles of indigenous people. This paper examines development, natural resource management, and ecopolitics in the Chiquitano communities of Lomerio in the Bolivian lowlands. I discuss the impact of NGO and government policies and practices on Chiquitano political organization, and present examples of political agency on the part of the Chiquitanos, and features of the structural conditions that frame relations among the different groups.
Release of RANTES from nasal and bronchial epithelial cells.

RANTES is a chemokine with eosinophil attractant and activating activities. This study was undertaken to determine whether primary cultures of human nasal and primate bronchial epithelial cells produce RANTES and the effect of various cytokines and dexamethasone on the release of this chemokine. Nasal epithelial cells from 32 patients (HNE) and bronchial epithelial cells from 17 Macaca nemestrina monkeys (PBE) were cultured in vitro for 24 to 72 h with LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α combined with IFN-γ and/or dexamethasone at 10 to 1000 µg/ml. Culture supernatants were assayed for RANTES by ELISA. RANTES synthesis was measured by immunoprecipitation. HNE and PBE released modest constitutive amounts of RANTES (350 to 1000 pg/ml) which did not increase with time in culture. Release of RANTES was stimulated by all activators except LPS in a time-dependent manner, with the greatest synthesis induced by the combined addition of TNF-α and IFN-γ. The combination of these activators also increased RANTES synthesis as determined by immunoprecipitation. Dexamethasone at 100 and 1000 µg/ml produced significant inhibition of stimulated RANTES release. These data indicate that normal nasal and bronchial epithelial cells release RANTES which is upregulated by various cytokines and inhibited by dexamethasone. The enhanced release is due to stimulation of both synthesis and secretion. Production of RANTES by epithelial cells could contribute to the inflammation that characterizes the respiratory tract in asthma and rhinitis and downregulation of RANTES by glucocorticoids may be one mechanism of the therapeutic effect of these agents.
Resisting B–H oxidative addition: The divergent reactivity of the o-carborane and carba-closo-dodecaborate ligand substituents

Abstract Here, we report a study of two isoelectronic Ir(I) complexes supported by different carboranyl phosphines, bearing either o-carborane or carba-closo-dodecaborate ligand substituents. The neutral Ir(I) complex containing the o-carboranyl phosphine ligand is not isolable and undergoes spontaneous B–H cyclometalation to afford an Ir(III) hydride. In contrast, the anionic Ir(I) complex supported by a phosphine with a carba-closo-dodecaborate ligand R-group is stable towards B–H activation. This divergent reactivity has important implications for the design of carborane containing ligands for catalysis. Both compounds are fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry, and single crystal x-ray diffraction studies.
Estimating the Probability of Commercialization

In this chapter, we continue with our analysis of the innovative behavior of businesses that received Phase II SBIR awards. In Chap. 6, we identified several covariates with the probability that a funded project was discontinued, or in the parlance of some, that a funded project that failed. In this chapter, we estimate, for those projects that were not discontinued, the probability that the project resulted in a commercialized technology, Commercialize. Recall from our discussion about the origin of the SBIR program in Chap. 3, one of the original purposes of the program was “to increase private sector commercialization of innovations derived from Federal research and development.”
Knowledge Discovery and the Aesthetics of Big Data: Simulating the Herschel Observatory

A Rice University undergraduate astrophysics student, Adolfo Carvalho, worked with a humanities researcher, John Mulligan, in the summer of 2018 to develop a framework for simulating what the Roman...
Diurnal cortisol and obesity in adolescents with and without Down syndrome.

Background The prevalence of obesity in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) far exceeds that in the general population. Cortisol, an adrenal hormone, can be obesogenic when dysregulated. However, the diurnal patterns of this hormone have not been examined among individuals with DS. Variations in adiposity may also mediate cortisol regulation. This study sought to examine diurnal cortisol patterns in adolescents with DS as well as associations between cortisol function and obesity. Method A total of 32 adolescents, including 16 with DS and 16 controls with typical development (TD) of similar sex, age and Tanner pubertal stage (P > 0.05), participated in this preliminary study. Participants completed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan to measure body composition and collected saliva samples for cortisol measurements in the morning, afternoon and night. Linear mixed models with random intercepts and repeated measures were used to examine the daily trajectory of log-transformed cortisol concentrations between adolescents with and without DS. A second model examined the interaction between DS and presence of elevated body fatness. Results Adolescents with DS had higher morning cortisol concentrations (intercept = 0.37 μg/dL), but this was not significantly different than in TD (0.35 μg/dL, P = 0.16). Cortisol significantly declined across hours (b = -0.026 μg/dL/h, P 0.05; d = 0.30). Conclusions This study is the first to examine diurnal cortisol in DS but is limited in sample size. These preliminary findings suggest that diurnal cortisol patterns are not significantly different between adolescents with DS and TD and that cortisol levels are not associated with adiposity in this population. Despite these non-significant differences, youth with DS continue to be an 'at-risk' population for paediatric obesity in need of clinical intervention.
Making Sense of Monuments: Narratives of Time, Movement, and Scale

Stonehenge, Machu Picchu, Confederate statues, Egyptian pyramids, and medieval cathedrals: these are some of the places that are the subject of Making Sense of Monuments, an analysis of how the built environment molds human experiences and perceptions via bodily comparison. Drawing from recent research in cognitive neuroscience, psychology, and semiotics, Michael J. Kolb explores the mechanics of the mind, the material world, and the spatialization process of monumental architecture. Three distinct spatial-cognitive metaphors—time, movement, and scale—comprise strands of knowledge that when interwoven create embodied contours of meaning of how human interact with monumental spaces. Comprehensive, lucidly written, and thoroughly illustrated, Making Sense of Monuments is a vibrant, extraordinary journey of the monuments we have constructed and inhabited.
Ergodic theorems for the shift action and pointwise versions of the Abért-Weiss theorem

Let Γ be a countably infinite group. A common theme in ergodic theory is to start with a probability measure-preserving (p.m.p.) action Γ ↷ (X, μ) and a map f ∈ L1 (X, μ), and to compare the global average ∫ f dμ of f to the pointwise averages ∣D∣−1 ∑δ∈Df(δ · x), where x ∈ X and D is a nonempty finite subset of Γ. The basic hope is that, when D runs over a suitably chosen infinite sequence, these pointwise averages should converge to the global value for μ-almost all x. In this paper we prove several results that refine the above basic paradigm by uniformly controlling the averages over specific sets D rather than considering their limit as ∣D∣ → ∞. Our results include ergodic theorems for the Bernoulli shift action Γ ↷ ([0; 1]Γ, λΓ) and strengthenings of the theorem of Abert and Weiss that the shift is weakly contained in every free p.m.p. action of Γ. In particular, we establish a purely Borel version of the Abert–Weiss theorem for finitely generated groups of subexponential growth. The central role in our arguments is played by the recently introduced measurable versions of the Lovasz Local Lemma, due to the current author and to Csoka, Grabowski, Mathe, Pikhurko, and Tyros.
Applying Levels of Abstraction to Mathematics Word Problems

In many discussions of the ways in which abstraction is applied in computer science (CS), researchers and advocates of CS education argue that CS students should be taught to consciously and explicitly move among levels of abstraction (Armoni Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 32(3), 265–284, 2013; Kramer Communications of the ACM, 50(4), 37–42, 2007; Wing Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33–35, 2006). In this paper, we describe one way that attention to levels of abstraction could also support learning in mathematics. Specifically, we propose a framework for using abstraction in elementary mathematics based on Armoni’s (2013) framework for teaching computational abstraction. We propose that such a framework could address an enduring challenge in mathematics for helping elementary students solve word problems with attention to context. In a discussion of implications, we propose that future research using the framework for instruction and teacher education could also explore ways that attention to levels of abstraction in elementary school mathematics may support later learning of mathematics and computer science.