cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variety and content of commercial infant and toddler vegetable products manufactured and sold in the United States.

Background Exposure to vegetable flavors during infancy and toddlerhood is hypothesized to enhance vegetable acceptance when children transition to table foods. Objective We sought to examine the vegetable types, ingredients, and nutrient contents of vegetable-containing infant and toddler foods (ITFs) manufactured and sold in the United States. Design A database of ITFs that contain vegetables (n = 548) was compiled from websites of companies based in the United States (n = 24). Product information was recorded, including intended age or stage, ingredient lists, and selected nutrients from the Nutrition Facts label. Ingredient lists were used to categorize vegetables using the USDA vegetable categories: dark green (e.g., spinach), red and orange (e.g., carrots), starchy (e.g., green peas, corn), beans and peas (e.g., black beans), and other (e.g., green beans, beets). Furthermore, products were categorized as single-vegetable, multi-vegetable, vegetable and fruit, vegetable and meat, or vegetable and other combinations (e.g., grains and and or dairy). Nutrients were examined, including energy (kilocalories), carbohydrates, fiber, and total sugars [per serving, per 100 g, per reference amount customarily consumed (RACC), and percentage of kilocalories from sugars]. Results Of the 548 vegetable products, only 52 single-vegetable products (9.5%) were identified, none of which contained dark green vegetables or beans and peas. Red and orange vegetables most often appeared as the first ingredient (23.7%) compared to other vegetable types, such as dark green vegetables, which were rarely listed first (1.1%). Fruits were listed as the first ingredient more commonly than all vegetables (37.8%). One-way ANOVA revealed that vegetable and fruit products contained more sugars on average than did vegetable products with other ingredients, such as dairy and/or grains (all P values < 0.001). Conclusions Current available products do not provide caregivers with a sufficient variety of single-vegetable products or products containing dark green vegetables to facilitate children's subsequent acceptance of these vegetables. Guidance should include making caregivers aware of the limitations of commercial ITFs manufactured and sold in the US market.
Gastric Lipase: Characteristics and Biological Function of Preduodenal Digestive Lipases

In this chapter we will discuss gastric lipase and, briefly, other preduodenal lipases with similar function. The emphasis will be on the function of these lipases in the process of fat digestion in health and disease.
Observations and Predictability of a Nondeveloping Tropical Disturbance over the Eastern Atlantic

AbstractA strong African easterly wave (AEW) left the West African coast in early September 2014 and operational global numerical forecasts suggested a potential for rapid tropical cyclogenesis of this disturbance in the eastern Atlantic, despite the presence of a large region of dry air northwest of the disturbance. Analysis and in situ observations show that after leaving the coast, the closed circulation associated with the AEW trough was not well aligned vertically, and therefore, low-level or midlevel dry air was advected below or above, respectively, areas of closed circulation. GPS dropwindsonde observations highlight the dry air undercutting the midlevel recirculation region in the southwestern quadrant. This advection of dry air constrains the spatial extent of deep convection within the AEW trough, leading to the vortex decaying. As the column continues to be displaced horizontally, losing vertical alignment, this enables increased horizontal advection of dry air into the system further limiting...
Pious Eli? The Characterization of Eli in 1 Samuel 3:18

In 1 Sam 3:18b, Eli responds to a prophetic judgment with the phrase “it is the Lord, may he do what is good in his eyes.” Most commentators understand this response as an example of pious acceptance of divine judgment. The claim of this article is that a plausible case can be made for reading Eli’s response as culpably passive. This case will be made following two lines of evidence. First, I will examine an oracle of judgment against an individual and the response as a type-scene in Samuel-Kings. Second, I will examine how this culpable passivity fits with the characterization of Eli in 1 Samuel 1-3.
Far-Right Parties in the European Union and Media Populism: A Comparative Analysis of 10 Countries During European Parliament Elections

The increasing popularity of far-right parties in Europe since the beginning of the 21 st century has occurred alongside the commercialization of media markets, the proliferation of online news sources, media populism, and the mediatization of politics. This article advances an understanding of the relationship between media populism and voting for far-right parties by comparing the effects of traditional and online media outlets as well as using panel data to establish a causal relationship between consumption of particular news outlets and the propensity to vote for far-right parties. Analyzing 10 European Union countries with well-established and emerging far-right parties, this research also accounts for peculiarities of media systems. Results demonstrate that mass-market newspapers and online media increase voters’ propensity to support far-right parties, while upmarket newspapers and public broadcast service have the potential to mitigate this effect, especially in countries with high standards of journalistic professionalization. A discussion of differences in media effects among countries and directions for future research concludes the article.
Cancer Screening and Prevention Highlights in Gynecologic Cancer.

This article provides an up-to-date summary of screening approaches and key strategies in prevention of gynecologic malignancies. The Pap smear is the only proven screening intervention in the field of gynecologic oncology. Women should receive treatment for precancerous conditions of the cervix, vulva, vagina, and endometrial lining. Women with inherited conditions should consider having a risk-reducing surgery once they have finished childbearing. The human papilloma virus vaccination should be offered to all girls and boys aged 11 to 12 years, and can also be given as early as age 9 and through 26 years of age.
169) Comparison of Temporal Stability of Conditioned Pain Modulation and Temporal Summation of Pain in Healthy Older and Younger Adults

The temporal stability (test-retest reliability) of temporal summation of pain (TS) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) has yet to be established in healthy older adults. The current study intended to compare the temporal stability of TS and CPM in healthy older and younger adults, as well as investigate factors that might impact TS and CPM stability. In a test-retest study, 40 healthy older adults and 18 healthy younger adults completed two sessions of quantitative sensory testing within a 2-week period that included: 1) TS of heat pain, 2) TS of mechanical pain, 3) CPM with pressure pain thresholds (CPM-PPT) and suprathreshold heat pain (CPM-Heat) as test stimuli and a cold water bath as conditioning stimulus. During each session participants completed the pain catastrophizing scale and the State Trait Anxiety Scale – state version. The relative stability (Interclass correlation coefficients: ICCs) and intra-individual stability coefficients (ISC) were examined for each variable. Bivariate correlations examined the association of psychological variables and age with the ISCs of TS and CPM. Younger adults showed good to excellent stability for TS (ICC's: 0.64-0.89), except for mechanical TS on the hand (ICC: 0.34). Older adults showed moderate to good stability for TS (ICC's: 0.48-0.79). Stability of CPM-PPT was poor for younger and older adults, whereas stability of CPM-Heat was good for younger adults but poor for older adults. Correlational analyses indicated greater ISC's for CPM were associated with greater stability of the pre-test stimuli. State anxiety was significantly associated with stability of CPM-Heat and TS. These findings suggest that 1) TS and CPM may be more reliable in younger compared to older adults and 2) state anxiety is an important factor influencing the stability of CPM and TS in healthy adults. This study was funded by the IUPUI Developing Diverse Researchers with Investigative Experience Grant.
A Classification of Topological Discrepancies in Additive Manufacturing

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) enables enormous freedom for design of complex structures. However, the process-dependent limitations that result in discrepancies between as-designed and as-manufactured shapes are not fully understood. The tradeoffs between infinitely many different ways to approximate a design by a manufacturable replica are even harder to characterize. To support design for AM (DfAM), one has to quantify local discrepancies introduced by AM processes, identify the detrimental deviations (if any) to the original design intent, and prescribe modifications to the design and/or process parameters to countervail their effects. Our focus in this work will be on topological analysis. There is ample evidence in many applications that preserving local topology (e.g., connectivity of beams in a lattice) is important even when slight geometric deviations can be tolerated. We first present a generic method to characterize local topological discrepancies due to material under-and over-deposition in AM, and show how it captures various types of defects in the as-manufactured structures. We use this information to systematically modify the as-manufactured outcomes within the limitations of available 3D printer resolution(s), which often comes at the expense of introducing more geometric deviations (e.g., thickening a beam to avoid disconnection). We validate the effectiveness of the method on 3D examples with nontrivial topologies such as lattice structures and foams.
Analyzing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in vivo using non-mammalian animal models.

Abstract Non-mammalian models of CIPN remain relatively sparse, but the knowledge gained from the few published studies suggest that these species have great potential to serve as a discovery platform for new pathways and underlying genetic mechanisms of CIPN. These models permit large-scale genetic and pharmacological screening, and they are highly suitable for in vivo imaging. CIPN phenotypes described in rodents have been confirmed in those models, and conversely, genetic players leading to axon de- and regeneration under conditions of chemotherapy treatment identified in these non-mammalian species have been validated in rodents. Given the need for non-traditional approaches with which to identify new CIPN mechanisms, these models bear a strong potential due to the conservation of basic mechanisms by which chemotherapeutic agents induce neurotoxicity.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Presenting as Progressively Worsening Neck Pain: A Case Report With a Review of Literature:

A 29-year-old female with past medical history of chronic serous otitis media presented with worsening neck stiffness and pain over a period of 2 weeks. The patient described non-specific symptoms that were localized to the right side of her neck. She presented to the hospital only when the pain was so extreme that it limited her range of motion. The differential for acute neck pain without fever, chills or any inciting trauma is vast. They include medical emergencies such as meningitis, acute coronary syndromes and extend to rheumatologic diseases or simply musculoskeletal strain. On review of systems, she denied dizziness, headache, vision changes, dysphagia, or other facial pain. Based on the severity of her pain, she underwent a Computed Tomography scan of the neck, which was concerning for erosive calavarial lesions. Further imaging revealed multiple lytic foci and erosions from the right maxillary sinus to the right mandible to the C1 vertebra. Following requisite surgical intervention, she was found to have Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a rare disease of myeloid cells, usually affecting pediatric populations. Little is known about the adult manifestations of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. This review contributes to broadening the literature on this topic which can present with complaints as typical as neck pain.
Lightweight material acquisition using deep learning

Whether it is used for entertainment or industrial design, computer graphics is ever more present in our everyday life. Yet, reproducing a real scene appearance in a virtual environment remains a challenging task, requiring long hours from trained artists. A good solution is the acquisition of geometries and materials directly from real world examples, but this often comes at the cost of complex hardware and calibration processes. In this thesis, we focus on lightweight material appearance capture to simplify and accelerate the acquisition process and solve industrial challenges such as result image resolution or calibration. Texture, highlights, and shading are some of many visual cues that allow humans to perceive material appearance in pictures. Designing algorithms able to leverage these cues to recover spatially-varying bi-directional reflectance distribution functions (SVBRDFs) from a few images has challenged computer graphics researchers for decades. We explore the use of deep learning to tackle lightweight appearance capture and make sense of these visual cues. Once trained, our networks are capable of recovering per-pixel normals, diffuse albedo, specular albedo and specular roughness from as little as one picture of a flat surface lit by the environment or a hand-held flash. We show how our method improves its prediction with the number of input pictures to reach high quality reconstructions with up to 10 images --- a sweet spot between existing single-image and complex multi-image approaches --- and allows to capture large scale, HD materials. We achieve this goal by introducing several innovations on training data acquisition and network design, bringing clear improvement over the state of the art for lightweight material capture.
Evidence-Based Treatments for Anxiety in Children

This chapter presents information from evidence-based treatments. Critical insights from seminal reviews of treatments in the field are also presented, along with information about techniques that therapists can use in treatment. Techniques include distraction, relaxation, desensitization, and graded exposure. Being a detective and applying several techniques may help some children. Involving parents so that they can practice techniques with the child can be helpful as well. Excerpts from clinical examples are presented to show application of different anxiety management strategies. Using a modular approach, where the clinician moves from successful treatment techniques that may help lessen symptom severity, may be a parsimonious and effective way to apply the evidence base in clinical practice settings.
Coming to Order: Adsorption and Structure of Nonionic Polymer at the Oil/Water Interface as Influenced by Cationic and Anionic Surfactants

Polymer–surfactant mixtures are versatile chemical systems because of their ability to form a variety of complexes both in bulk solution and at surfaces. The adsorption and structure of polymer–sur...
A Postural Control Ride-On Toy for a 27 Month Old Child with Developmental Disabilities

Independent play is a critical component in the development of children. It teaches motor, social, and critical thinking skills. However, some disabilities impair a child's capacity to engage in play by limiting their ability to move. The work presented in this manuscript describes a power mobility device based on a ride-on toy (Wild Thing from Fisher Price) for a 27 month-old child with mobility impairments. Physical therapy standardized functional assessments before and after introducing the child to the toy were carried out with noticeable impact on the child's development. Improvements to his overall quality of life is also reported.
The Effects of Clothing Insulation and Acclimation on the Thermal Comfort of Underground Mine Workers

Excessive heat exposure is among the health and safety hazards that have adverse effects on the mine workers. The very nature of the underground climate makes it a convenient avenue for heat generation and accumulation from several heat sources including autocompression, equipment, and heat from strata. This study investigated the effects of clothing insulation and acclimation on the thermal comfort of mine workers who are exposed to heat in underground working environments. Several clothing ensembles have been considered to analyze the effect of the thermal resistance of clothing on the thermal comfort of workers. To investigate the impact of the clothing insulation, the thermal comfort limit of an underground miner was calculated in the form of maximum allowable exposure time for an 8-h shift. Parametric analyses were subsequently performed using an already developed thermal comfort model using MATLAB software. The results demonstrate that clothing insulation has a significant effect on the thermal comfort of mine workers. Increase in the clothing insulation decreases the maximum allowable exposure time of mine workers. This is especially true for the new and non-acclimated workers. Since acclimatized workers can tolerate a higher level of the dehydration and are capable of losing more water by sweat per shift, the maximum allowable exposure time for the acclimated workers are higher than non-acclimated workers. These analyses have shown that acclimated workers can have more continuous work per shift compared with non-acclimated workers. For example, in an environmental condition with clothing that a non-acclimated worker cannot work more than 5 h, an acclimated worker can work a full 8-h shift.
Greatly Enhanced Single Particle Fluorescence Detection Using High Refractive Index Liquid-Core Waveguides

High sensitivity and easy integration with microfabrication techniques has made silicon photonics one of the leading technologies used to build biosensors for diagnostic applications. Here we introduce a new silicon dioxide based optofluidic platform having a planar solid-core (SC) waveguide orthogonally intersecting a liquid-core (LC) waveguide with high refractive index ZnI2 salt solution as core. This enables both more uniform collection of particle fluorescence by the core mode and its propagation to an off-chip detector. This approach results in ultra-high sensitivity performance, demonstrated by achieving 8X enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio, a 45x increase in detection efficiency, and a 100x lower detection limit of 80 aM of fluorescent nanobeads. This represents a key step towards an ultrasensitive biosensor system for analyzing pathogens at clinical concentrations.
The role of strategic communication to respond effectively to pandemics

Health communication is a crucial social process for responding to devastating pandemics, which demand timely, accurate, and culturally sensitive communication that meaningfully informs coordinated...
Attachment to God and Quest as Moderators of the Relationship between Religious Doubt and Mental Health

The present study examined attachment to God and quest as potential moderators of the relationship between religious doubt and mental health. A sample of Christian participants (N = 235) completed ...
Failures of Memory and the Fate of Forgotten Memories

Abstract This review is intended primarily to provide cognitive benchmarks and perhaps a new mindset for behavioral neuroscientists who study memory. Forgetting, defined here broadly as all types of decreases in acquired responding to stimulus-specific eliciting cues, is commonly attributed to one or more of the following families of mechanisms: (1) associative interference by information similar to, but different from the target information, (2) spontaneous decay of memory with increasing retention intervals, (3) displacement from short-term memory by irrelevant information, and (4) inadequate retrieval cues at test. I briefly review each of these families and discuss data suggesting that many apparent instances of spontaneous forgetting and displacement from short-term memory can be viewed as variants of inadequate retrieval cues and associative interference. The potential for recovery of target information from each of these families of forgetting without further relevant training is then reviewed, with a conclusion that most forgetting is due to retrieval failure as opposed to irreversible erasure of memory. The more general point is made that there are logical problems with ever talking about attenuating or erasing a memory as a consequence of conventional forgetting or disrupted consolidation/reconsolidation. Consideration is then given to the frequently overlooked but highly beneficial consequences of most forgetting. Lastly, the major variables that moderate forgetting are summarized, including (a) the similarities of the target information including training context to the explicit retrieval cues and context present at test, (b) the similarities of potentially interfering acquired information to the retrieval cues and context present at test, and (c) the retention interval for the target information relative to that for the potentially interfering information. Appropriate manipulation of these variables can reduce forgetting, and increase forgetting when desired.
What university makes a public good

Relations between China and the United States will invariably influence the future of the human and natural world. New theory [Marginson, Simon, and Lili Yang. 2021. “Individual and Collective Outc...
Impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on inner-city female youth in New York City

Purpose New York City (NYC) was the global epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020. A "shelter in place" mandate was issued in March 2020. The effect on vulnerable populations of adolescent and young adult females has not been well documented. Methods We administered a monthly online survey between May and November 2020 to adolescent and young adult females participating in a longitudinal study at Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center. Surveys asked about death of loved ones, financial impacts, social interactions, exposure to dangerous situations, and mental health impacts. Differences in responses by age, race/ethnicity, and living situation were assessed, and compared to data obtained on the same cohort prior to the pandemic. Results Four hundred seventeen females aged 15-28 years completed at least one survey, 94% of whom were youth of color. A third of responders (33%) had lost relatives or other people they were close to (loved ones). Most (68%) reported one or more financial losses, and 21% reported food insecurity, with those not living with parents or a guardian experiencing significantly higher rates. One in 10 reported experiencing sexual abuse or interpersonal partner violence during the "shelter in place" period. Over a third (37%) reported symptoms of clinical depression, which represented a significant increase compared to before the pandemic (p = .01). The negative financial impacts and higher proportion of patients with depressive symptomatology remained elevated for adolescents without support at home. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic had unprecedented negative short-term financial and psychosocial health impacts on inner-city female youth with potential long-term negative impacts.
Lettrt To The Editor

The Academy is making an effort to meet rising costs with vigorous attention to expenditures, as well as exploration of opportunities for industry and foundation support of special projects. As part of this exploration the Academy contacted Mead Johnson for funding support and staff assistance in distributing the Red Book to all Academy members through the routine visits to pediatricians by Mead Johnson sales and service personnel. Delivery was never meant to be contingent on a personal visit with the Academy members, though Mead Johnson staff felt they were doing a service and would be received in that light.
Contagion, Common Exposure, and Selection: Empirical Modeling of the Theories and Substance of Interdependence in Political Science

This paper provides overview for lay audiences of the empirical modeling of the spatial and spatiotemporal interdependence that is substantively and theoretically ubiquitous, indeed inherently central, in political science.
Calculation of the rate of catecholamine synthesis from the rate of conversion of tyrosine-14C to catecholamines. Effect of adrenal demedullation on synthesis rates.

When tyrosine-14C is infused intravenously at a constant rate into unanesthetized rats, the specific activity of plasma tyrosine increases curvilinearly with time, producing a concomitant increase in the specific activity of tissue catecholamines. By applying steady-state kinetics to this relationship, a simple model was developed from which the fractional rate constant ( k ) of a catecholamine compartment could be calculated. Catecholamine synthesis rates are obtained by multiplying k by the steady-state amine level. Rates calculated by this method are in good agreement with those calculated from the decline of catecholamine levels after blockade of their synthesis with α-methyltyrosine. By using the present method, it was found that adrenal demedullation results in about a 4-fold increase in the rate of synthesis of heart norepinephrine while brain catecholamine synthesis remains unchanged. It is suggested that catecholamines released from the adrenal medulla may modulate the synthesis of norepinephrine in cardiac sympathetic neurons. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The skillful assistance of Miss Sonja Lofstrandh is greatly appreciated.
Applying demographic analysis in affirmative action disputes: An instructional case

This instructional case study illustrates applications of demographic concepts, data, and techniques in evaluating affirmative action goals for equalizing employment opportunity. Courts of law addressing employment discrimination disputes need an accurate picture of each minority group's proportion in a pool of prospective employees. The demographic and socioeconomic factors conditioning those proportions vary from place to place. In the situation examined here, the court originally used an imperfect population standard to set hiring goals. The case traces the multiple failures to account for those conditioning influences and describes the resulting distortions of legal purpose. In analyzing this failure, students gain experience in clarifying issues in dispute, devising measures to fit legal standards, and delineating qualified labor pools. Specific instructional applications include: using census data to document how local population structure and composition determine each minority group's presence in the workforce; and using administrative data to delineate the relevant labor pools for setting affirmative action goals. Training is broadly suited to assignments where applied demographers must delineate the ethnic and racial composition of a pool of workers eligible to be hired or promoted.
Accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine by microorganisms.

Gawel, L. J. (Oregon State University, Corvallis), J. R. Turner, and L. W. Parks. Accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine by microorganisms. J. Bacteriol. 83:497–499. 1962.—A series of microorganisms selected to represent a variety of microbial types was cultured under conditions conducive to the formation of S-adenosylmethionine. Of the organisms tested, only Saccharomyces cerevisiae accumulated measurable amounts of S-adenosylmethionine. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli accumulate 5′-methylthioadenosine under the same conditions.
Silver Mining and Society in Colonial Mexico, Zacatecas 1546-1700

List of tables List of illustrations Acknowledgements Abbreviations and conventions The setting 1. Discovery and settlement 2. Consolidation and expansion 3. The city 4. Supplies and distribution 5. Corregidor and cabildo 6. The circumstances of mining 7. Mercury 8. The production of silver 9. Conclusion: plus extra Tables Graphs Plans Appendix Glossary On primary sources Select bibliography Index.
An analysis of the decrease in the assayed level of charged bovine estrogen receptor observed at physiological ionic strength.

Abstract Lower assayed levels of heifer uterine estrogen receptor (ER) occur at physiologic ionic strength when ER is separated from [3H]estradiol by Dextran-coated charcoal treatments, or by gel filtration on Sephadex or polyacrylamide resins. The assayed level of charged ER in buffers containing 150–200 mM ionic strength is approximately one-half that of ER levels assayed in buffers either at 0–50 or 400–450 mM ionic strength. Treatment of ER with trypsin or molybdate eliminates this observed reduction. Evidence is presented that the decrease results from a preferential adsorption of ER to the assay resins at 150–200 mM ionic strength. This adsorption is likely to be mediated by a hydrophobic region of the ER, which is removed by trypsin cleavage.
Infrared optical properties of water and ice spheres

IR absorption coefficient, reflectivity and complex index of refraction of ice and water spheres, calculating single scattering albedo, asymmetry factor and extinction cross section
Attention Blinks for Selection, Not Perception or Memory: Reading Sentences and Reporting Targets.

In whole report, a sentence presented sequentially at the rate of about 10 words/s can be recalled accurately, whereas if the task is to report only two target words (e.g., red words), the second target suffers an attentional blink if it appears shortly after the first target. If these two tasks are carried out simultaneously, is there an attentional blink, and does it affect both tasks? Here, sentence report was combined with report of two target words (Experiments 1 and 2) or two inserted target digits, Arabic numerals or word digits (Experiments 3 and 4). When participants reported only the targets an attentional blink was always observed. When they reported both the sentence and targets, sentence report was quite accurate but there was an attentional blink in picking out the targets when they were part of the sentence. When targets were extra digits inserted in the sentence there was no blink when viewers also reported the sentence. These results challenge some theories of the attentional blink: Blinks result from online selection, not perception or memory.
C-AXIS microcone formation in nuclear graphites due to graphite removal by impurity-inhibited electronically-excited oxidation reactions

Abstract The formation of a cone-shaped microstructure by graphite removal has been observed in certain nuclear graphites, apparently for the first time. These cone structures are produced in TSX and AGOT-LS graphite by electronically-excited reactions involving oxygen, carbon dioxide, and/or water vapor. The microcones are formed with a wide range of span angles and with the principal cone axis perpendicular to the graphite basal planes. Microcone formation is more efficient at low gas pressure than at high pressure, and appears to result from oxidation by negatively-charged, transient species with a lifetime of less than 10 msec. The mechanism of cone formation involves oxidation inhibition by small elements of impurity which are always found at the cone tips. Information is presented concerning the structure of these microcones and various stages of cone development.
Meeting the Needs of Evidence‐based Practice in Family Therapy: Developing the Scientist‐practitioner Model

Effective models of clinical training have been and continue to be a primary topic of discussion in the field of family therapy, particularly given the needs of evidence-based practice. This article outlines the major historical and contemporary struggles of one such model of clinical training and practice: the scientist-practitioner model. Throughout the article, the principles of the scientist-practitioner model and evidence-based practices are compared and contrasted. Suggestions for overcoming the contemporary challenges faced by the scientist-practitioner in a family therapy practice or in an educational environment are discussed.
Window operation and impacts on building energy consumption

Abstract Operable windows provide occupants with the ability to control local environments and satisfy human expectation to access outdoor environments. Operation behaviors or strategies for operable windows have substantial impacts on the indoor environment and building energy consumption. Facility managers complain about operable windows left open in buildings with conventional HVAC systems. However, optimum control strategies of window operation reduce energy consumption for buildings via natural ventilation or mixed-mode ventilation. This study focuses on the investigation of the impacts of window operation on building performance for different types of ventilation systems including natural ventilation, mixed-mode ventilation, and conventional VAV systems in a medium-size reference office building. A building performance simulation tool—EnergyPlus—is used to simulate window operation for each system type. Various control strategies of window operation, simulated using the energy management system feature (EMS) in EnergyPlus, are evaluated based on the criteria of thermal comfort and energy consumption. The investigation included the interaction between conventional VAV systems and window operation as well as control strategies for natural ventilation and mixed-mode ventilation. The results highlighted the impacts of window operation on energy use and comfort and identified HVAC energy savings of 17–47% with mixed-mode ventilation during summer for various climates.
Unconventional spin glass behavior in the cubic pyrochlore Mn2Sb2O7

The new pyrochlore Mn2Sb2O7 has been synthesized via a low-temperature method to retain cubic symmetry. The resulting material has an unconventional spin glass state at TSG~41 K, in the absence of detectable site disorder or a structural phase transition. A peak in the DC susceptibility at TSG, and a characteristic shift in the real part of the AC susceptibility was noted, but with a slightly more dynamic state than predicted through the typical Mydosh spin glass parameter of ΔTSG/[TSGlog(ω)]. Time-dependent magnetization measurements show glassy behavior below 41 K. Elastic neutron scattering measurements on powder samples show significant magnetic diffuse scattering from the Mn spins beneath the transition, similar to the scattering observed in the spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7. The dynamic character of Mn2Sb2O7 is inferred to arise from the frustration inherent within the pyrochlore lattice.
Serious toxic reaction associated with administrationof BAL

Summary A case is reported of an infant who developed peripheral vascular collapse on two occasions while receiving BAL. Although BAL may prove to be a beneficial agent in the treatment of acrodynia, this case report suggested the possibility that BAL may cause serious toxic reactions in some patients.
Production, social controls, and ideology: Toward a sociobiology of the phenotype

The paper discusses the relationship between reproductive success and economic control in human societies. It is argued that sociobiology must be concerned with the phenotype, which is in turn influenced by genetic variation, environmental influences during development, the belief structure of the society, socio-political constraints and the economic productivity of the society as independent variables. It is argued that increased production has resulted in increasing importance of belief structures and social controls for explaining variance within cultures in male reproductive success. Although a correlation between reproductive success and control of resources exists in human societies as a main effect, the strength of this association varies in different societies and is importantly affected by the belief structure and socio-political constraints of the society. Sociobiology emerges as an important descriptive but not predictive theory of human societies.
Aggregation kinetics for a one-dimensional zero-degree Kelvin model of spinodal decomposition

We study analytically the approach to equilibrium in a simple zero-temperature model for phase separation in a binary alloy, in which nearest neighbor interchange can occur only if the portion of AB bonds is thereby decreased. The approach to equilibrium is found analytically. Because of the existence of infinitely many possible stationary states, the asymptotic distribution of AB pairs depends on the details of the initial state and must be obtained by a recursion method.
Quantum dynamics of a quark-binding bubble in two space and one time dimensions

We discover that the set of coupled equations of motion of the quark- binding bubble model can be solved exactly and completely in two space and one time dimensions. In this three-dimensional Minkowski space, the bubble is equivalent to a closed string with massless quarks trapped on it. The integrability of the equations follows from the special simplicity of the geometry of two-dimensional surfaces. From the set of all classical solutions, a Poincare-invariant quantum system is explicitly constructed. The resulting spectrum is free of ghosts. (AIP)
A central limit theorem for certain nonlinear statistics in repeated sampling of a finite population

Abstract We prove a central limit theorem for the asymptotic joint distribution of non-linear statistics of the form ∑l = 1N XNltItlIt+1,l, 1 ⩽ t ⩽ r - 1, and linear statistics of the form ∑l = 1N XNltItl, 1 ⩽ t ⩽ r, based on independent repeated samples of a finite population of size N with sample indicators Itl,l = 1, …, N, for the tth sample.
A framework to assess performance measurement systems in SMEs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) can use to assess their performance measurement system (PMS) in order to identify the main weaknesses and take corrective measures.Design/methodology/approach – Starting from a review of the recommendations provided in literature regarding performance measurement in companies, a list of general characteristics of a “good” PMS is defined. The identified PMS general features are then tailored to SME needs through an analysis of the characteristics of SMEs and a survey of their performance measurement current practice. Finally all the requirements are included in a framework designed to support SMEs in critically reviewing their PMS and enabling its effective use.Findings – The main characteristics of SMEs are reviewed and classified; the general characteristics of a “good” PMS are collected from the literature and then adapted to the SME context, thus obtaining a list of PMS requirements for SMEs; mor...
Transient Oscillations in Distributed Circuits With Special Reference to Transformer Windings

This paper is essentially a mathematical study of transient voltages in transformer and other distributed windings, and is primarily concerned with showing the effects of wave shape, circuit constants and neutral impedances on the voltage distributions, and how these distributions may be controlled or changed. In the appendix there is derived the general differential equation for a circuit consisting of distributed self and mutual inductance, series and shunt capacitance, series resistance, and conductance along the stack and to ground. This equation is solved for the following conditions: (1) initial and final conditions with generalized impedance in the neutral; (2) grounded neutral; (3) isolated neutral for zero losses; and (4) capacitance in the neutral when the losses and mutual inductance are neglected. Equations are given corresponding to a number of different applied waves, showing the effects of wavelength, wave front, damped and sustained oscillations, and typical lightning waves, and these effects are illustrated by curves and oscillograms. Equations are also given for the potential difference between any two points on the winding and for the voltage gradients. Tables are included showing the influence of the various circuit constants on the amplitude and frequency of oscillation, linear velocity and surge impedance of harmonic waves, and the type of propagation. These effects are illustrated by curves of the potential distribution at different instants of time. Methods of controlling the transient so as to prevent or alleviate abnormal voltage distributions are discussed at length.
Robust partial shape classification using invariant breakpoints and dynamic alignment

Abstract A system for classifying partially occluded noisy shapes in varying positions, orientations, and dimensions is described. An iterative algorithm derived from the colinearity principle is developed to locate invariant breakpoints on a shape contour. The set of invariant breakpoints partitions the contour into a sequence of contour segments. Each contour segment is described by an ordered sequence that represents the Euclidean distance between the pixels in the contour segment and the centroid of the region formed by connecting the end-points of the contour segment by a straight line. Two stages of dynamic alignment with the appropriate constraints are formulated to determine shape similarity. The first stage gives a distance measure of contour segment similarity, and in the second stage, the intersegment distances are used to optimally align contour segments so that a final measure of shape similarity is obtained. The performance of the system is demonstrated by considering the classification of aircraft shapes belonging to four classes and classification results are presented as functions of noise and occlusion levels. The results indicate that reasonable classification is obtained for noisy shapes with 0 to 30% occlusion.
Infrared fluorescence spectroscopy as an analytical method; quantitative studies with a long pathlength cell

Abstract Quantitative data are presented for a number of organic compounds, a long path length cell being used to measure their laser-induced infrared emission. Selfreversal of emission lines is discussed, and the use of this process as an aid to infrared absorption spectroscopy is described.
Lack of secondary intoxification by red tide poison in the American lobster Homarus americanus.

Abstract Lobsters are able to feed on shellfish which are toxic with PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning from Gonyaulax tamarensis) with no apparent harm to themselves, and no measurable assimilation of the poison into their tissues. Lobsters consumed food containing in excess of 1000 μg PSP. There was no impairment of respiration (oxygen consumption) measurable two to three hours after feeding, and no PSP measured in the meat of the claws and tail 48 to 120 hours after feeding. The only PSP was in the guts and contents which were measured 48 hours after feeding began.
Enhancement of cell production in long‐term bone marrow culture

In an effort to increase the long-term production of hematopoietic cells in vitro, Origen hybridoma cloning factor (HCF) was added at the initiation of Dexter type cultures, in which whole bone marrow (BM) was seeded into tissue culture flasks and formed an adherent stromal layer that supported the proliferation and differentiation of primitive cells. After about six weeks, all the cultures were fully established, and continuous production of nonadherent cells was maintained for at least 27 weeks. In the groups with 20% HCF, there was a significant (three- to fourfold) increase in the steady-state cell production of 106 +/- 17 x 10(4) cells/ml compared to 26 +/- 10 x 10(4) in controls. In some cases the ability of HCF to increase productivity was limited by the nutrients and metabolic products in the culture medium. Cell number varied inversely with glucose and pH. HCF increased the concentration and absolute number of myeloid progenitors (granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units and spleen colony forming units) in the nonadherent layer and shifted the differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units toward the production of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Spleen colonies produced from 10(5) cells from cultures with HCF were more numerous (8 +/- 2 versus 4 +/- 2) and larger than those from control cultures (2.6 versus 0.2 mg/colony), but they contained the usual cell lineages (erythrocytic, granulocytic and megakaryocytic).
Fractionation of nucleic acids with the methylated albumin column

A chromatographic column consisting of kieselguhr impregnated with methylated albumin, for fractionating nucleic acids by their molecular size, has been reported ( Mandell & Hershey, 1960 ; Hershey & Burgi, 1960 ). A simplified form of the technique using stepwise elution revealed more properties of the column, such as recognition of base composition and of hydrogen bond content of DNA. It is found that DNA with greater guanine—cytosine content is eluted at lower salt concentration. Furthermore, thermally denatured DNA is eluted in higher salt concentration than is native DNA. Using this method, a naturally existing “deoxypolyadenme-thymine” in a marine crab ( Cancer borealis ) was isolated from the main DNA of the animal. The method has also been applied to fractionate RNA, and it was found that it not only separates soluble and ribosomal RNA ( Mandell & Hershey, 1960 ), but also 16s and 23s ribosomal RNA.
The durability of endoscopic saphenous vein grafts: A 5-year observational study

Abstract Background: Endoscopic saphenous vein harvest has been explored as a minimally invasive alternative to a long continuous leg incision for removal of the greater saphenous vein. The endoscopic technique uses limited incisions (2-4) with extended "skin bridges" and videoscopic equipment for the dissection and removal of the greater saphenous vein. This study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term durability of saphenous vein grafts harvested by an endoscopic technique and used for lower extremity arterial revascularization. Methods: All patients who underwent endoscopic saphenous vein harvesting for lower extremity arterial bypass grafting were prospectively followed for graft patency and risk factors. Grafts were surveyed with serial duplex scans at 3- to 6-month intervals over this 5-year study. Life-table methods were used to assess graft survival. A computerized registry and medical records were reviewed to determine graft patency and patient survival. Results: From September 1994 to August 2000, 164 lower extremity arterial saphenous vein grafts harvested by an endoscopic technique were used for lower extremity arterial bypass grafting in 150 patients. The patient population included 111 males (75%) and 112 smokers (75%), but also included a high-risk cohort of 65 diabetic patients (43%) and 15 patients undergoing dialysis/renal transplant (10%). Twenty-eight patients (19%) died within the study period. With life-table methods, 1-, 3-, and 5-year secondary patency rates were 85% (± 3.2%), 74% (± 5.7%), and 68% (± 11.6%). Of the 30 failed grafts, 7 (4%) failed in the first month related to inadequate runoff (4), cardiac instability (2), and an additional surgical procedure (1). Twenty-three grafts (14%) failed between 1 and 42 months. Twenty-two (16%) of these 134 patent grafts underwent a second procedure to maintain patency (13 as primary-assisted patency and 9 as secondary patency). Conclusions: Endoscopic saphenous vein harvest for lower extremity arterial reconstruction provides a satisfactory conduit for lower extremity bypass grafting. Although increased manipulation from this limited access technique may incite an injury response in the vein, these vein grafts can maintain an adequate patency for lower extremity bypass grafting. (J Vasc Surg 2001;34:434-9.)