cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chapter 14 – Aviation Displays

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how advances in display technology have altered the role of human information processing in the cockpit. It describes both, how these advances have improved pilot performance, and the emerging challenges that resulted. Finally, it discusses how recent aviation industry initiatives influence current and future display technologies. The information age has enabled the development and advancement of modern aviation displays. Provided that the human information processing limitations are considered when integrating different forms of information, the glass cockpit now serves to perform this integration automatically. Although there are obvious benefits associated with these display advances, poor consideration of the costs associated with different methods of integration will result in displays that tax individuals, the same if not more, than the traditional gauge displays of the past. Constant growth and shifting industry goals for the future, dictate that integration of flight critical information in displays, capitalize on the strengths and weaknesses of both the human and computer in the aviation system. It is important to realize that even when keeping human factors principles in mind for display design, errors will likely not cease to occur. Instead keeping human factors principles in mind for design will help to design systems that, through a process of addressing cost and benefit of design recommendations, will produce more optimally designed displays.
Curating against militarization: the politics of life in Rio de Janeiro’s Museu da Maré

Since at least the 1980s, policy, research, and common-sense depictions have associated Rio de Janeiro’s favelas with problems of gang violence, governance vacuum (state absence), and crisis. Withi...
Evidence-Based Interventions for Sleep Problems and Disorders

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. Insomnia presents variably in children and adolescents, both in terms of symptoms and contributory factors. This chapter describes the prevalence, incidence, and identification through assessment, clinical interviews, sleep logs, ratings scales, and objective measures. Identifying applicable contributory factors for a specific child is a critical conceptual approach in treatment planning. Effective interventions for insomnia operate on principles of behaviorism, cognitive theory, and sleep physiology. Treatment may involve establishing contingencies around parental attention such that a child receives positive reinforcement for a desired behavior (e.g., cooperating with a bedtime routine; staying in bed quietly) and minimal attention for behaviors that may inhibit sleep (e.g., getting out of bed after bedtime). Strategies to promote behavioral change, such as self-monitoring, behavioral contingencies, and identifying replacement behaviors, can be applied to promote more adaptive sleep habits. Treatment efficacy studies have focused on interventions for bedtime problems and night wakings in young children, supporting extinction-based treatment approaches. The authors describe a menu of behavioral sleep treatment components. Treatment approaches for pediatric insomnia are often brief and effective, with resolution of symptoms in just a few sessions.
Considerations in the Development of Lessons in the Comprehension Approach

In the practice of foreign language teaching, the opinion is widely held that there are four language skills, namely listening, reading, writing, and speaking, of which each requires separate attention and different teaching procedures (Rivers 1976). In contrast, the Comprehension Approach is a method of second-language instruction that focuses on the teaching of understanding through listening and reading. Instruction emphasizes acquiring a solid understanding of a foreign language before engaging in the reading of advanced texts, speaking, and writing.
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) yield influenced by Albizia leaf mould and banana peel with half dosage of NP chemical fertilizers

Dried Albizia leaf mould (10 mt/ha) and banana peel (0.1-0.5 mt/ha) with reduced level of NP chemical fertilizers were applied on the production of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with seven treatments. The result revealed that the combined application of 10 mt/ha leaf mould and 0.1 mt/ha banana peel with 50% NP chemical fertilizer as basal and 50% N as top dressing (T6) exhibited higher yield than recommended 100% NPK chemical fertilizer alone (T2). Plants treated with fertilizers showed significant influences (P 0.05) in number of fruits per plant were obtained. Among the treatments, considerable variations in fruit diameter, fresh and dry weight of fruit (P<0.05) were observed. An increase in the fresh weight of fruit per plant by approximately 8.5% was obtained in T6 when compared with the control (T2). The marketable fruit yield per m2 was 654.71 g in T6 and 603.61 g in the control. It was also noted that combined use of organic (leaf mould with banana peel) and chemical fertilizers increased fruit yield when compared to the application of organic fertilizer (leaf mould with banana peel) alone as basal application. From this study, it could be concluded that Albizialeaf mould (10 mt/ha) and banana peel (0.1 mt/ha) with 50% NP chemical fertilizers as basal and also 50% N chemical fertilizer as top dressing could be used for obtaining high fruit yield in okra cultivation. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 273-282, 2020
Comparison of detection limits estimated using single- and multi-concentration spike-based and blank-based procedures.

Abstract Spike- and blank-based procedures were applied to estimate the detection limits (DLs) for example analytes from inorganic and organic methods for water samples to compare with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Method Detection Limit (MDL) procedures (revisions 1.11 and 2.0). The multi-concentration spike-based procedures ASTM Within-laboratory Critical Level (DQCALC) and EPA's Lowest Concentration Minimum Reporting Level were compared in one application, with DQCALC further applied to many methods. The blank-based DLs, MDLb99 (99th percentile) or MDLbY (= mean blank concentration + s × t), estimated using large numbers (>100) of blank samples often provide DLs that better approach or achieve the desired ≤1% false positive risk level compared to spike-based DLs. For primarily organic methods that do not provide many uncensored blank results, spike-based DQCALC or MDL rev. 2.0 are needed to simulate the blank distribution and estimate the DL. DQCALC is especially useful for estimating DLs for multi-analyte methods having very different analyte response characteristics. Time series plots of DLs estimated using different procedures reveal that DLs are dependent on the applied procedure, should not be expected to be static over time, and seem best viewed as falling over a range versus being a single value. Use of both blank- and spike-based DL procedures help inform this DL range. Data reporting conventions that censor data at a threshold and report “less than” that threshold concentration as the reporting level have unknown and potentially high false negative risk. The U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory's Laboratory Reporting Level (LRL) convention (applied primarily to organic methods) attempts to simultaneously minimize both the false positive and false negative risk when
Can neural signals override cellular decisions in the presence of DNA damage

Cells within an organism are in constant crosstalk with their surrounding environment. Short and long-range signals influence cellular behavior associated with division, differentiation, and death. This crosstalk among cells underlies tissue renewal to guarantee faithful replacement of old or damaged cells over many years. Renewing tissues also offer recurrent opportunities for DNA damage and cellular transformation that tend to occur with aging. Most cells with extensive DNA damage have limited options such as halting cell cycle to repair DNA, undergo senescence, or programmed cell death. However, in some cases cells carrying toxic forms of DNA damage survive and proliferate. The underlying factors driving survival and proliferation of cells with DNA damage remain unknown. Here we discuss potential roles the nervous system may play in influencing the fate of cells with DNA damage. We present a brief survey highlighting the implications the nervous system has in regeneration, regulation of stem cells, modulation of the immune system, and its contribution to cancer progression. Finally, we propose the use of planarian flatworms as a convenient model organism to molecularly dissect the influence of neural signals over cellular fate regulation in the presence of DNA damage.
Discussion of “The dynamic effects of antitrust policy on growth and welfare”

Abstract Cavenaile et al. (2021) study the long-run implications of anti-trust policy for innovation, output and welfare using a general equilibrium model. Their approach differs from the much of the existing literature that focuses on short-run, partial equilibrium effects. Their model combines three key elements: (i) endogenous growth with vertical innovations; (ii) oligopolistic competition in the product market; (iii) endogenous M&As. I will briefly discuss their paper and then compare it to Mermelstein et al. (2020) who also study optimal merger policy in a dynamic model.
A general strategy for batch development of high-performance and cost-effective sodium layered cathodes

Abstract High-performance and low-cost transition metal (TM) layered oxides using earth abundant elements are promising cathodes for Na-ion batteries. However, it is challenging to obtain desired materials because the large Na size, different Na occupations and various layer stacking sequences multiply the complication in determining the structure of a given composition and exacerbate uncertainty to the structure-property correlation. In this work, we use the attainment of desired NaxMnyNizTM1−y-zO2-based cathode materials as an example to demonstrate a general roadmap for batch development of sodium layered cathodes towards practical applications. A synthesis phase diagram of NaxMnyNi1−yO2 was created for pre-screening and rational selection of the platform material of P2/O3-structured Na0.85Mn0.6Ni0.4O2. Cationic potential was leveraged in elemental substitution to further promote the material structural stability and electrochemical performance. Several cost-effective O3 and P2/O3 hybrid cathode materials have been obtained, all of which demonstrate excellent performance. In particular, the Na0.85Mn0.5Ni0.4Ti0.1O2 delivers a high specific capacity of ~130 mAh/g between 2 and 4 V and 91% retention after 500 cycles. The work discovers multiple materials as high-performance and cost-effective Na-ion battery cathodes and offers critical guidance to the rational design of future layered cathode materials.
Artificial Intelligence pathway for Indian Council of Agricultural Research

John McCarthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence (AI) in 1956. It is the process of making an intelligent machine by the human. It comes under the broad domain of computer science. The essential elements of AI working are based on learning from the historical data, and the process decision that is quick and accurate.
Peripheral neuropathy in HIV infection.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the various forms of neuropathies associated with HIV and their pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment strategies. HIV-1 infection is associated with a variety of central and peripheral nerve diseases. The most frequent neurologic complication in the context of HIV infection is peripheral neuropathy. Other patterns of neuropathy include mononeuropathy multiplex, inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and progressive polyneuropathy. Pain is the major symptom of HIV peripheral neuropathy, with a major impact on the activities of daily living and the quality of life. The types of peripheral neuropathies and their symptoms, signs, mechanisms, diagnoses, and therapies are summarized in the chapter in a tabulated form. Distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy (DSP) is the most commonly reported type of neuropathy in HIV infection, affecting approximately one-third of the individuals. Concomitant conditions—such as diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse, uremia, vitamin B12 or thiamine deficiencies, weight loss, and low albumin or hemoglobin levels—may increase the risk of the development of HIV-associated neuropathy.
Nonlinear Optical Properties of New Dye Doped Photocrosslinkable Polymers

Polymeric materials are playing an increasingly important role in electronic and photonic applications 1–4 This includes application in active devices utilizing optical effects attributable to the nonlinear polarization of the medium. A number of applications such as frequency mixing, second harmonic generation, optical bistability, optical parametric amplification and oscillation, electrooptic and all optical switching and modulation etc. have been proposed.
Maintenance of Long Term γ-Herpesvirus B Cell Latency Is Dependent on CD40-Mediated Development of Memory B Cells

It has been proposed that the gamma-herpesviruses maintain lifelong latency in B cells by gaining entry into the memory B cell pool and taking advantage of host mechanisms for maintaining these cells. We directly tested this hypothesis by kinetically monitoring viral latency in CD40(+) and CD40(-) B cells from CD40(+)CD40(-) mixed bone marrow chimera mice after infection with a murine gamma-herpesvirus, MHV-68. CD40(+) B cells selectively entered germinal centers and differentiated into memory B cells. Importantly, latency was progressively lost in the CD40(-) B cells and preferentially maintained in the long-lived, isotype-switched CD40(+) B cells. These data directly demonstrate viral exploitation of the normal B cell differentiation pathway to maintain latency.
Molten Salt Reactors for Burning Dismantled Weapons Fuel

AbstractThe molten salt reactor (MSR) option for burning fissile fuel from dismantled weapons is examined. It is concluded that MSRs are potentially suitable for beneficial utilization of the dismantled fuel. The MSRs have the flexibility to utilize any fissile fuel in continuous operation with no special modifications, as demonstrated in the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment, while maintaining their economy. The MSRs further require a minimum of special fuel preparation and can tolerate denaturing and dilution of the fuel. Fuel shipments can be arbitrarily small, which may reduce the risk of diversion. The MSRs have inherent safety features that make them acceptable and attractive. They can burn a fuel type completely and convert it to other fuels. The MSRs also have the potential for burning the actinides and delivering the waste in an optimal form, thus contributing to the solution of one of the major remaining problems for deployment of nuclear power.
Market impact of a large-scale PV buildings program

This paper explores the rapidly changing solar technologies market and the potential impact of a new Federally sponsored Million Solar Roofs Initiative (MSRI) designed to encourage the domestic market for solar building technologies. Photovoltaic (PV) technology has reached a critical point in its development. Over the course of a decade, the PV industry has experienced tremendous growth through greater technology efficiency, the introduction of new solar technology applications (PV shingles, facades, etc.), and lower production costs. In order to achieve its full commercial potential, significant improvements are still needed along with the removal of existing market barriers. DOE's analysis of the impact of the MSRI indicates that it could significantly reduce the cost of PV technology and improve efficiencies through manufacturing economies of scale, market experience, and industry competition.
Year 2000 compliance: a discussion on compliance certification

One of the greatest risks facing us with Year 2000 problem, is that some groups or organizations may nor fully understand the various nuances of the problem and will therefore accidentally overlook important issues in their Year 2000 finding, fixing, and testing efforts. A good Year 2000 compliance certification methodology can be a valuable tool in the effort of assuring adequate and informed Year 2000 investigations are carried out by each of us and in raising the collective confidence level about the adequacy and completeness of the efforts we are each pursuing.
PWM boost converter with zero-voltage-switching

By adding a second transistor, a zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) quasi-resonant boost converter can be shown to be controllable using a constant frequency control scheme. The new topology differs from a zero-voltage-switched quasi-resonant boost converter by the addition of an extra switch in parallel with the resonant inductor. By adding a second switch, constant frequency control was achieved while still maintaining ZVS on both switches. The steady-state analysis of this new converter is derived. The converter characteristic curves are used to design an experimental prototype. The experimental prototype was built and tested to verify high-frequency/high-efficiency operation. It was operated at 610 kHz, 140 W, and 210 V output, and had a measured efficiency of 94.5%. This converter presents a feasible way to achieve both pulse width modulation (PWM) control and ZV soft-switching. >
Association of serum sodium with morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery

BACKGROUND Dysnatremia may predispose to falls and fractures, and serum sodium may influence bone health. Little is known of the association of perioperative dysnatremia and clinical outcomes in those undergoing major orthopedic surgery. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of serum sodium (corrected for glucose) with morbidity and mortality in a sample of hospitalized patients undergoing major orthopedic procedures at 2 large academic medical centers. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Adult patients admitted to major academic teaching hospitals for a major orthopedic procedure from January 2006 to January 2011. METHODS The association of serum sodium with log-transformed hospital length of stay was assessed by fitting linear regression models. The association with 30-day mortality was assessed by fitting Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS There were 16,206 unique admissions, of which 44.8% were male, with a mean age of 62.5 years. Mean corrected serum sodium was 138.5 ± 2.9 mmol/L; 1.2% had moderate/severe hyponatremia, 6.4% had mild hyponatremia, and 2.5% were hypernatremic. In adjusted models, compared with normonatremia, moderate/severe hyponatremia, mild hyponatremia, and hypernatremia were associated with a 1.6-, 1.4-, and 1.4-day-longer hospital stay, respectively, and greater risk of 30-day mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33-4.59 for moderate/severe hyponatremia; HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.21-2.66 for mild hyponatremia; and HR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.79-4.98 for hypernatremia). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Dysnatremia is relatively common in the hospitalized orthopedic population and associated with greater length of stay and 30-day mortality. Future studies should address potential mechanisms underlying these associations and whether correction of perioperative dysnatremia may improve patient outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:297–302. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Variations of Frechet measures of p-stable motions

Estimates on variations of Frechet measures of p-stable motions are derived. The estimates involve Orlicz norms.
Photochemical Carbonylation of Ethane under Supercritical Conditions

Feasible photocatalysis: The rhodium catalyst [Rh(CO)(PMe3 )2 Cl] photochemically transforms ethane to propionaldehyde in single-phase mixtures of ethane and in carbon dioxide/ethane single phases [Eq. (1)]. A side reaction of carbon dioxide with the catalyst to give OPMe3 and [Rh(CO)2 (PMe3 )Cl] or [Rh2 (CO)2 (PMe3 )2 (μ-Cl)2 ] has also been observed.
Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl gallate) by the chemical modification of poly(vinyl alcohol)

Poly(vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl gallate) was successfully synthesized utilizing an esterification reaction in which poly(vinyl alcohol) was transesterified with methyl gallate under alkaline conditions. Aqueous solutions of this copolymer exhibited a sharp critical micelle concentration value, indicating that surface activity is exhibited by the copolymer. Most aqueous solutions of this copolymer possess a black coloring, which indicates that the gallate group is complexing with metal ions present in solution.
The effect of turbulent temperature fluctuations on vapor detection by ground-based passive infrared sensors at near horizon line of sight

Passive infrared spectral sensors (7-14 um) measure brightness temperature along a line of sight, and from these measurements the presence of a vapor cloud is deduced. How important are atmospheric temperature fluctuations due to turbulence on the detection of vapors? We developed a stochastic simulation that uses the MODTRAN program to explore this question. We were surprised to find that although temperature brightness fluctuations are not insignificant compared to state-of-the-art sensor's noise (modeled as uncorrelated white noise) the effect on detection was very small because turbulence noise is spectrally correlated and thus its effect was largely removed with a regression algorithm. In this work we do not address the detection limit due to atmospheric interferences whose effect on detection limit may is severe.
The Role of Principals Today — Tracing Its Development:

What people expect of their secondary school principals today differs from what they expected a few years ago. The changes and how they occurred, says this writer, are recorded in the professional literature, notably the NASSP Bulletin, which he reviews here in tracing the principal's emerging role.
Primate Smooth Muscle Cell Migration From Aortic Explants Is Mediated by Endogenous Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Acting Through Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9

Background Migration of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is regulated by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the injured rat carotid artery. We have recently shown that migration of SMCs from baboon aortic explants depends on the activity of MMPs, but the identity of the stimulatory MMPs and the role of bFGF and PDGF in this primate system are not known. Methods and Results These experiments were designed to determine whether MMP2, MMP9, bFGF, or PDGF plays a role in SMC migration from medial explants of baboon aorta. Explants were cultured in serum-free medium with insulin, transferrin, and ovalbumin. Neutralizing antibodies to MMP2 and antibodies that inhibit activation of proMMP9 decreased SMC migration from the aortic explants. Antibodies to bFGF and to the α- and β-subunits of the PDGF receptor also inhibited migration from the explants. Addition of bFGF and PDGF-BB but not PDGF-AA increased migration. The antibodies...
Asbestos exposure from the overhaul of a Pratt & Whitney R2800 engine

This study assessed the asbestos exposures of airplane piston engine mechanics while performing overhaul work on a Pratt & Whitney R2800 radial engine, with tools and practices in use since the time these engines were manufactured. Approximately 40% of the bulk samples collected during this test were found to contain chrysotile. Air samples were collected during the overhaul and were analyzed by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average worker exposure during disassembly was 0.0272f/ml (PCM) and ranged from 0.0013 to 0.1240f/ml (PCM) during an average sample collection time of 188min. The average worker exposure during reassembly was 0.0198f/ml (PCM) and ranged from 0.0055 to 0.0913f/ml (PCM) during an average sample collection time of 222min. Only one worker sample (during reassembly) was found to contain asbestos at a concentration of 0.0012f/ml (PCME). Similar results should be found in other aircraft piston engines that use metal clad and non-friable asbestos gaskets, which are the current standard in aircraft piston engines.
The 206, 204Pb(p, α)203, 201Tl reactions at 35 MeV☆

Abstract The 206 Pb(p, α) 203 Tl and 204 Pb(p, α) 201 Tl reactions have been studied using 35 MeV protons. For both 203 Tl and 201 Tl approximately 50 levels with excitation energies up to 4.0 MeV were identified and angular distributions of most of these states were measured. Cluster-model DWBA calculations were shown to produce excellent fits to the measured angular distributions. Using these calculations high-spin (j ≧ 15 2 ) states were found in both nuclei. The strengths, energies, and number of high-spin states excited in 201 Tl and 203 Tl are compared with those observed in 205 Tl in a previous study.
Fiber-Matrix interactions in brittle matrix composites

Brittle matrix composites, including carbon-carbon (C-C) and ceramic matrix, offer a new dimension in the area of high-temperature structural materials. Fiber-matrix interactions determine the mechanism of the load transfer between the fiber and matrix and resulting mechanical properties. Composites studied in this work include a C-C composite densified with a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) pyrolytic carbon, silicon carbide fiber-silicon carbide matrix composite, and carbon fiber-silicon carbide matrix composites densified by the CVI technique. The type of the interfacial carbon in C-C composites was found to control their mechanical properties. The presence of the compressive stress exerted by the matrix on the carbon fibers was attributed to an increase in flexural strength. The transverse matrix cracking in C/SiC composites was believed to cause a lowering in the flexural strength value. Brittle fracture behavior of SiC/SiC composites was correlated with the presence of an amorphous silica layer at the fiber-matrix interface.
Hetero-concatemeric KIR6.X4/SUR14 channels display distinct conductivities but uniform ATP inhibition.

Abstract KIR6.1 and KIR6.2 are the pore-forming subunits ofK NDP , the nucleotide-diphosphate-activated K ATP channels, and classical K ATP channels, respectively. “Hybrid” channels, in which the structure is predetermined by concatemerizing KIR6.1 and KIR6.2, exhibit distinct conductivities specified by subunit number and position. Inclusion of one KIR6.2 is sufficient to open KIR6.X-X-X-X/SUR14 in the absence of nucleotide stimulation through sulfonylurea receptor-1 (SUR1). ATP inhibited the spontaneous bursting of hybrid channels with an IC50(ATP) ∼10− 5 m, similar to that of KIR6.24-containing channels. These findings and a transient increase in K NDP channel activity following rapid wash-out of MgATP suggested that KIR6.1 is not ATP-insensitive as previously believed. We propose that SUR-dependent, inhibitory ATP-enhanced interactions of the cytoplasmic domains of both KIR6.1 and KIR6.2 stabilize a closed form of the M2 bundle in the gating apparatus.
Another look at the maximum entropy correlation coefficient

Abstract A simulation experiment based on 10,000 trials shows that the Fisher transform of the maximum entropy correlation coefficient has a smaller bias than that of the sample correlation coefficient when the parent correlation ρ satisfies | ρ |⩽0.8, and a smaller root-mean-square error when | ρ |⩽0.95.
Safety Impacts of Design Exceptions on Nonfreeway Segments

Safety (in terms of expected crash frequency and severity) was compared on road segments where design exceptions had been approved and constructed and on similar road segments where no design exceptions had been approved or constructed. Data were collected for design exceptions in Utah from 2001 to 2006. Multiple data sources were used to identify and define road segments with and without design exceptions. Propensity scores were applied to assess similarities between treatment and comparison sites. Ultimately, 34 total nonfreeway segments with design exceptions and 80 nonfreeway segments without design exceptions were used for modeling. The relationship between the presence of design exceptions and crash frequency was explored with a negative binomial regression modeling approach. The relationship between the presence of design exceptions and crash severity was explored in three ways: (a) computation of severity distributions at locations with and without design exceptions, (b) estimation of separate neg...
Robot simulation physics validation

Computer simulation of robot performance is an essential tool for the development of robot software. In order for simulation results to be valid for implementation on real hardware, the accuracy of the simulation model must be verified. If developers use a robot model that is not similar enough to the actual robot, then their results can be meaningless. To ensure the validity of the robot models, NIST proposes standardized test methods that can be easily replicated in both computer simulation and physical form. The actual robot can be tested, and the computer model can be finely tuned to replicate similar performances on equivalent tests. To illustrate this, we have accomplished this task with the Talon Robot on NIST standard test methods.
Genetic immunization with LYVE-1 cDNA yields function-blocking antibodies against native protein.

Abstract LYVE-1 is a surface bound hyaluronic acid (HA) receptor that is preferentially expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC). cDNA encoding full-length human LYVE-1 was coated onto gold particles that were then delivered via helium-assisted jet propulsion (gene gun) into the skin of Balb/C mice. LYVE-1 antisera, but not control pre-immune sera, recognized LYVE-1-transfected 293T cells by flow cytometry. While 40–70% of cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) were positive for LYVE-1 staining, human lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMEC) were negative. LYVE-1 antisera was used to effectively separate HMEC into LYVE-1 hi and LYVE-1 lo populations that were enriched or depleted, respectively, for podoplanin, another LEC marker. By immunohistochemistry, LYVE-1 antisera detected CD31 lo podoplanin hi lymphatic channels in normal and psoriatic human skin as well as in human tonsil. LYVE-1 antisera also blocked binding of FITC-labeled HA to HMEC (but not LMEC), demonstrating that these antibodies recognized regions of LYVE-1 required for HA binding. In summary, gene gun-assisted delivery of cDNA encoding LYVE-1 into skin resulted in reliable production of antisera that specifically and functionally recognized native LYVE-1 protein.
Implementation of dithering digital ripple correlation control for PV maximum power point tracking

This work demonstrates a method for rapid maximum power point tracking in photovoltaic applications using dithered PWM control. Constraints imposed by power consumption, cost and component size, limit the available PWM resolution of a power converter, and may in turn limit the MPP tracking efficiency of the PV system. PWM dithering can be used to improve average PWM resolution. However, additional tracking delays are also introduced. By applying digital dithering ripple correlation control to the ripple caused by PWM dithering it is possible to achieve high tracking speed in addition to high PWM resolution. We present a theoretical derivation of the principles behind DDRCC, as well as experimental results that show excellent tracking speed and accuracy with basic hardware requirements.
SU-FF-I-48: A Comparative PET Study of Regional Cerebral Metabolism with Multiple System Atrophy

Purpose: The 18F-FDG PET images of the Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Idiopathic Parkinsonian Disease (IPD) patients were assessed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and image registration in order to determine the useful metabolic patterns between the two groups. A differential diagnosis of IPD and MSA is difficult due to the common of signs and symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare the regional cerebral glucose metabolism of MSA from IPD. Method and Materials: Eight clinically probable, IPD patients (3/5:M/F; age, 67.9 ± 10.7 y) and 11 probable MSA patients (4/7:M/F; age, 58.5 ± 8.4 y) were included in the study. Twenty-two ages matched healthy controls (9/13:M/F, age, 67.8 ± 14.4 y) were examined and were used as the controls for the comparison between the patients with Parkinsonism. All subjects underwent 18F-FDG PET. Results: The IPD patients was found to have significantly low hypometabolism in comparison with the healthy controls on the prefrontal and lateral frontal cortex, the parietotemporal cortex, and the cingulated and caudate (p≤0.01, 100 voxel-level). As to patients with MSA, hypometabolism was observed in the putamen, pons and cerebellum in comparison with the healthy controls and IPD patients. Voxel-based analysis of 18F-FDG PET showed detailed differences between IPD and MSA, which may be useful for differentiating both disease entities, evidenced by the correlation of glucose metabolism with the disease severity and the dopamine agonist medication. Conclusion: Voxel-based analysis of 18F-FDG PET showed detailed differences between IPD and MSA, which may be useful for differentiating both disease entities, evidenced by the correlation of glucose metabolism with the disease severity and the dopamine agonist medication. The 18 F-FDG PET images using mapping analysis might be a useful adjunctive tool for a clinical examination when making a differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism.
Excitation Function for the Photodisintegration of Beryllium

Using filtered betatron bremsstrahlung, the ${\mathrm{Be}}^{9}(\ensuremath{\gamma}, n)$ excitation function has been determined from threshold to 24 Mev. The results show two peaks, one due to excitation of the odd neutron and the second to the excitation of the ${\mathrm{Be}}^{8}$ core.
Undergraduate Social Work Faculty in the USA React to the War with Iraq

The role of social workers in political activism has been characterized with ambivalence, and few studies have addressed political activism within the social work academic setting. The purpose of the current study was to explore how social work educators responded to the war with Iraq from an educational perspective as well as a personal perspective. Undergraduate social work faculty (N = 65) from accredited social work programs in each state throughout the USA completed a brief quantitative survey via email about the war with Iraq including the following topics: educational responses; personal responses; personal views; academic freedom; and demographic data. Findings revealed that 70% of respondents felt that social work faculty had a responsibility to educate students about the war with Iraq, however, only 36% of respondents felt that social work faculty had a responsibility to advocate for or against the war with Iraq. The majority of the faculty surveyed incorporated the war with Iraq in their class ...
Coherent interferometric imaging in clutter

Coherent interferometry is an array-imaging method in which we back-propagate, or migrate, crosscorrelations of the traces over appropriately chosen space-time windows rather than the traces themselves. The size of the space-time windows is critical and depends on two parameters. One is the decoherence frequency, which is proportional to the reciprocalofthedelayspreadinthetracesproducedbytheclutter. The other is the decoherence length, which also depends on the clutter. As is usual, the clutter is modeled by random fluctuationsinthemediumproperties.Inisotropicclutter,the decoherence length is typically much shorter than the array aperture. In layered random media, the decoherence length along the layers can be quite long. We show that when the crosscorrelations of the traces are calculated adaptively, coherentinterferometrycanprovideimagesthatarestatistically stable relative to small-scale clutter in the environment.This means that the images we obtain are not sensitive to the detailedformoftheclutter.Theyonlydependonitsoverallstatistical properties. However, clutter does reduce the resolution of the images by blurring. We show how the amount of blurring can be minimized by using adaptive interferometric imaging algorithms and discuss the relation between the coherence properties of the array data and the loss in resolution causedbytheblurring.
Effort versus Motivation: Factors Affecting Antlered and Antlerless Deer Harvest Success in Pennsylvania

Hunting can be an effective tool for managing deer populations, but hunter willingness to harvest deer and their success is critical to management capacity. Moreover, harvest of antlerless deer is crucial to managing deer populations. Previous research has examined the effects of weather, habitats, and hunter access on deer harvest success. However, hunter-related factors leading to harvest success are unknown. This study explored the effects of hunter sociodemographic and background characteristics, field behaviors, and motivations on antlerless and antlered deer harvest success. Findings indicated that hunter characteristics and motivations differentially influence the harvest of a doe or a buck. Successful doe hunters viewed hunting as a management tool, were concerned about maintaining access to hunting areas, and hunted for venison. In contrast, harvesting an antlered deer appeared to be mostly a matter of effort. Those who killed an antlered deer spent more days afield, especially during late season.
Coexpression of oncostatin M and its receptors and evidence for STAT3 activation in human ovarian carcinomas.

Abstract The expression of oncostatin M and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), JAK-STAT activators and members of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines, were examined in a series of primary ovarian carcinomas using immunohistochemistry. The malignant epithelial cells of all 29 ovarian carcinomas examined expressed oncostatin M; none expressed LIF. Oncostatin M can activate two related receptors, one consisting of a low-affinity LIF receptor subunit, LIFRβ, which forms a heterocomplex with the gp130 signal transducing protein and can recognize both oncostatin M and LIF, and a second heterocomplex consisting of a subunit that specifically recognizes oncostatin M, OSMRβ, and the gp130 protein. By immunohistochemistry, 25 of 25 ovarian carcinomas examined expressed the LIFRβ subunit in the malignant epithelial cells (all samples express gp130), and two-thirds the ovarian carcinomas studied expressed OSMRβ mRNA as determined by RT-PCR. Thus oncostatin M and its receptors are commonly coexpressed in malignant ovarian epithelial cells, and represent a potential autocrine loop in this tumor type. STAT3, of one the signaling proteins downstream of the oncostatin M/LIF receptors, was found in its phosphorylated, activated form (phosphotyrosine 705 STAT3) in the malignant epithelial cells of 17 of 23 ovarian carcinomas examined (74%) as determined by immunohistochemistry; this suggests that this protein is constitutively activated in most ovarian carcinomas, as it is in many other human malignancies. Recombinant human Oncostatin M (rhOSM) can induce the transient tyrosine 705 phosphorylation of STAT3 in serum-starved LIFRβ/OSMRβ expressing ovarian carcinoma cell lines, but does not alter cell growth and effects only a modest increase in the apoptotic rate in these cultured cells. Oncostatin M and its receptors may be part of a network of cytokine systems within ovarian carcinomas that may act to maintain STAT3 in its activated form, a phenomenon associated with the malignant phenotype.
Integrated films of transition metal oxides for information technology

Display Omitted High crystallinity ferroelectric BaTiO3 with out of plane polarization integrated on Si by MBE.High crystallinity ferroelectric BaTiO3 with in plane and out of plane polarization integrated on Ge by MBE.High crystallinity SrTiO3 is grown on Si and Ge by low temperature ALD.High crystallinity BaTiO3 is grown on Si by ALD. The recently developed ability to grow layers of transition metal oxides with atomic precision by means of physical vapor deposition has opened up a possibility of monolithic integration of these oxides on semiconductors. Here we review the recent progress in integrating ferroelectric films with Si and Ge, and their potential applications in electronics and nanophotonics. Perovskite films described in the talk were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and, when possible, chemical routes were tested via atomic layer deposition (ALD). Design of the structures and analysis of the experimental results were aided by density functional theory (DFT).
Plate Theory Model for Thickness Tapered Composite Laminates

The influence of induced interlaminar loads on the structural performance of thickness-tapered laminates is investigated using an energy-based damage tolerance methodology. An analytical model based on the assumptions of shear deformation plate theory is presented. The model employs linear-elastic fracture mechanics to determine the strain energy release rate characteristic of delamination growth from an embedded flaw. The solution is general in terms of taper thickness, delamination size, laminate fiber orientation and material interlaminar fracture toughness. As such, the model provides a preliminary design tool for the evaluation of interlaminar performance of symmetric tapered composite laminates.
The equilibrium melting points of random ethylene‐octene copolymers: A test of the Flory and Sanchez–Eby theories

Ethylene/l-octene copolymers produced with metallocene catalysts are believed to have a homogeneous comonomer content with respect to molecular weight. Two series of copolymers of different molecular weights with a 1-octene content ranging from 0 to 39 branches per 1000 carbon atoms were studied. The influence of branch content on structure and melting behavior as well as on isothermal and nonisothermal bulk crystallization was studied. In this article, the equilibrium melting temperatures of ethylene/l-octene random copolymers is the focus. The principal techniques used were thermal analysis and small-angle X-ray scattering. The use of Hoffman-Weeks plots to obtain the equilibrium melting temperatures of ethylene/l-octene random copolymers resulted in nonsensical high values of the equilibrium melting point or showed behavior parallel to the T m = T c line, resulting in no intercept and, hence, an infinite equilibrium melting point. The equilibrium melting temperatures of linear polyethylenes and homogeneous ethylene/ l-octene random copolymers were determined as a function of molecular weight and branch content via Thompson-Gibbs plots involving lamellar thickness data obtained from small-angle X-ray scattering. This systematic study made possible the evaluation of two equilibrium melting temperature depression equations for olefin-type random copolymers, the Flory equation and the Sanchez-Eby equation, as a function of defect content and molecular weight. The range over which the two equations could be applied depended on the defect content after correction for the effect of molecular weight on the equilibrium melting temperature. The equilibrium melting temperature, T m 0 (n, p B ), of the ethylene/l-octene random copolymers was a function of the molecular weight and defect content for low defect contents (p B ≤ 1.0%). T m 0 (n, p B ) was a weak function of molecular weight and a strong function of the defect content at a high defect content (p B ≥ 1.0%). The Flory copolymer equation could predict T m 0 (n, p B ) at p B ≤ 1.0% when corrections for the effect of molecular weight were made. The Sanchez-Eby uniform inclusion model could predict T m 0 (n, p B ) at a high defect content (1.6%≤p B ≤ 2.0%). We conclude that some defects were included in the crystalline phase and that the excess free energies (18-37 kJ/mol) estimated in this study were within the theoretical range.
Focal Epilepsies: Immunologic and Inflammatory Mechanisms

There is increasing evidence documenting activation of inflammatory processes in focal epilepsies. This review article summarizes current data regarding immune mediated inflammatory processes in patients with symptomatic partial epilepsies such as mesial temporal sclerosis, focal cortical dysplasia, and Rasmussen's encephalitis. We have also reviewed several neuronal surface antibody–associated syndromes, which have been recently described with focal seizures as an important part of clinical presentation, such as antibody-associated limbic encephalitis and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor antibody syndrome. An autoimmune mechanism may be one pathogenic factor in some symptomatic epilepsies acting as a triggering event in the process leading to the development of epilepsy.
New forms of information literacy

Purpose – To provide an overview of innovative information literacy programs at San Jose State University King Library which may serve as models for future academic library information literacy programs.Design/methodology/approach – New and innovative information literacy programs at the San Jose State University King Library are discussed and analyzed. These programs include freshman and transfer student literacy programs and a proposal for campus dormitory information literacy.Findings – Analyzes innovative and multi‐faceted character of San Jose State King Library information literacy programs. Discusses successes, lessons learned, and ongoing challenges of the freshman information literacy program and presents goals and objectives of the transfer and campus dormitory information literacy programs.Practical implications – This paper may serve as a guide for both academic and joint‐use academic and public libraries interested in assessing or expanding their information literacy programs.Originality/valu...
Gene Profiling of Narrowband UVB–Induced Skin Injury Defines Cellular and Molecular Innate Immune Responses

The acute response of human skin to UVB radiation has not been fully characterized. We sought to define the cutaneous response at 24hours following narrowband UVB (NB-UVB, 312-nm peak), a therapeutically relevant source of UVB, using transcriptional profiling, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. There were 1,522 unique differentially regulated genes, including upregulated genes encoding antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (S100A7, S100A12, human beta-defensin 2, and elafin), as well as neutrophil and monocyte/dendritic cell (DC) chemoattractants (IL-8, CXCL1, CCL20, CCL2). Ingenuity pathway analysis demonstrated activation of innate defense and early adaptive immune pathways. Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased epidermal staining for AMPs (S100A7, S100A12, human beta-defensin 2, and elafin). Inflammatory myeloid CD11c + BDCA1 − DCs were increased in irradiated skin, which were immature as shown by minimal colocalization with DC-LAMP, and coexpressed inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF–related apoptosis-inducing ligand in irradiated skin. There were increased BDCA3 + DCs, a cross-presenting DC subtype with immunosuppressive functions, and these cells have not been previously characterized as part of the response to UVB. These results show that the acute response of human skin to erythemogenic doses of NB-UVB includes activation of innate defense mechanisms, as well as early infiltration of multiple subtypes of inflammatory DCs, which could serve as a link between innate and adaptive immunity.