cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny of staminate and carpellate flowers of Schisandra glabra ( Schisandra )

Schisandra glabra (Schisandraceae) is a rare monoecious liana in forests of the southeastern United States. Both types of flowers are solitary in leaf axils and radially symmetrical, with eight to 13 greenish yellow to red tepals in the flower. Each male flower has five (four to seven) spirally arranged stamens forming a red pentagonal synandrous shield. Transitions between tepals and stamens occur occasionally. Each carpellate flower contains 25–30 free, spirally arranged carpels on a conical receptacle. Histological study shows that the floral apical meristem is more highly convex than the vegetative apex; both have tunica-corpus configurations. All primordia, starting with tepals, are initiated acropetally, in a continuous 2/5 phyllotaxis. Apical diameter increases greatly after tepal initiation, more so in carpellate than in staminate flowers. The apical residuum in staminate flowers expands to form the center of the staminal shield, with the stamen primordia projecting as flattened marginal extensions. The connective region of each stamen broadens markedly, resulting in wide separation of the sporangial pairs of each stamen. Just before anthesis, each connective arches outward so that the sporangia appear lateral. In carpellate flowers, the carpel primordia are initiated helically; the apical residuum forms a narrow, spinelike structure. Floral development in Schisandra is compared with that of other primitive angiosperms such as Illicium and Myristica.
Evaluating the adoption of primary anastomosis with proximal diversion for emergent cases of surgically managed diverticulitis.

Abstract Background Although Hartmann procedure is common for operatively managed acute diverticulitis, there is accumulating evidence that primary anastomosis with proximal small bowel diversion is safe, even in emergent cases. This study seeks to clarify the current adoption of primary anastomosis with proximal small bowel diversion among emergent, operatively managed cases of acute diverticulitis and compare outcomes between primary anastomosis with proximal small bowel diversion and Hartmann procedure. Methods Patients who underwent open, emergent Hartmann procedure or primary anastomosis with proximal small bowel diversion for a primary diagnosis of diverticulitis between 2005 and 2015 were identified in the database of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Outcomes were compared with logistic regression adjusted for patient and operative characteristics. Results From 2005–2015 the proportion of primary anastomosis with proximal small bowel diversion decreased from 33% to 17% among emergent cases. Although mortality and complications were similar, primary anastomosis with proximal small bowel diversion resulted in a greater risk of returning to the operating room in emergent cases (odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.74). Conclusion Despite previous suggestions of clinical equipoise, the adoption of primary anastomosis with proximal small bowel diversion for emergent, operatively managed acute diverticulitis among National Surgical Quality Improvement Program hospitals appears to be decreasing. Primary anastomosis with proximal small bowel diversion resulted in increased return to the operating room for emergent cases, suggesting that caution should be exercised in selecting primary anastomosis with proximal small bowel diversion for emergent cases.
CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION WITH CILIORETINAL ARTERY SPARING AFTER LASER-ASSISTED IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS.

Purpose To report a central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal artery sparing in a 48-year-old woman after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery. Methods Case history and clinical examination including best-corrected visual acuity, serum markers, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Results A 48-year-old woman underwent routine laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery in both eyes. On postoperative Day 1, vision was 20/20 in both eyes with full visual fields by confrontation. Eight hours after being examined, she reported photopsias and a new visual field defect in the right eye . Visual acuity was 20/40, pinhole 20/20 in the right eye, with restriction of visual field by confrontation. Dilated fundus examination revealed retinal whitening in all quadrants with sparing of the fovea along the distribution of a perfused cilioretinal artery. Optical coherence tomography showed an intact foveal depression with inner retinal layer hyperreflectivity outside the region of the perfused cilioretinal artery. Fluorescein angiography revealed sectoral nonperfusion of the posterior pole with macular sparing along the patent cilioretinal artery. Hypercoagulable workup, carotid imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were unremarkable. Conclusion This is the first report of a central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal artery sparing occurring on postoperative Day 1 after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery.
Pairing symmetry and spontaneous vortex-antivortex lattice in superconducting twisted-bilayer graphene: Bogoliubov-de Gennes approach

We study the superconducting pairing symmetry in twisted bilayer graphene by solving the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equation for all electrons in moir\'e supercells. With increasing the pairing potential, the system evolves from the mixed nontopological $d+id$ and $p+ip$ phase to the $s+p+d$ phase via the first-order phase transition. In the time-reversal symmetry breaking $d+id$ and $p+ip$ phase, vortex and antivortex lattices accompanying spontaneous supercurrent are induced by the twist. The superconducting order parameter is nonuniform in the moir\'e unit cell. Nevertheless, the superconducting gap in the local density of states is identical in the unit cell. The twist-induced vortices and nontopological nature of the mixed $d+id$ and $p+ip$ phase are not captured by the existing effective models. Our results suggest the importance of long-range pairing interaction for effective models.
Removal of arsenic using functionalized cellulose nanofibrils from aqueous solutions

Abstract Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) functionalized by introduction of trimethylammonium chloride were investigated for the uptake of arsenate [As(V)] from aqueous solutions. The modified-CNF was characterized using Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), argentometric titration, Boehr titration, zeta-potential, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourrier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The modified-CNF was effective for As(V) removal from laboratory and field samples. The As(V) adsorption was rapid and equilibrium was attained within two hours. The kinetic data were adequately described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics model suggesting that As(V) adsorption onto modified-CNF involves electrostatic forces and bonds between As(V) and adsorption sites. The adsorption isotherm data were well correlated with model. The modified-CNF exhibited an As(V) adsorption capacity (qe) of approximately 25.5 mg g−1. Competitive adsorption between As(V) and anions including NO2−, NO3−, and SO42− was investigated and the results showed negligible influence on As(V) removal. However, PO43− presence slightly reduced As(V) adsorption. Thermodynamics study showed that the As(V) adsorption onto modified-CNF is temperature dependent and is spontaneous and exothermic. Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that modified-CNF offers a propitious alterative for As(V) removal from water.
Acute Influenza Infection Presenting with Cardiac Tamponade: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction Cardiac complications associated with influenza infection can occur either via a direct effect of the virus on the heart or through exacerbation of preexisting cardiovascular disease. We present a case of a 57-year-old man with acute influenza infection complicated by pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade. Case presentation A 57-year-old white man presented to the Emergency Department with sudden onset of severe, nonexertional, retrosternal, pressure-like chest pain for a few hours and with fever and muscle aches for 2 days. The patient was initially admitted because of suspected acute coronary syndrome. The next morning, he complained of acute-onset shortness of breath and had hypotension and tachycardia. On examination, his peripheral extremities were cold and heart sounds were distant. Pulsus paradoxus was 20 mmHg. The electrocardiogram showed low-voltage QRS complex with electrical alternans. An urgently performed bedside echocardiogram showed moderate pericardial effusion with a small right ventricular cavity with diastolic collapse. Emergent pericardiocentesis was performed, with removal of 250 mL of fluid from the pericardial space. The patient's hemodynamic status immediately improved. Analyses of pericardial fluid demonstrated no bacteria, acid-fast bacilli, or malignant cells. The result of a rapid influenza diagnostic test with polymerase chain reaction was positive for influenza A virus, with other viral panels yielding normal results. The patient was treated with oseltamivir for 5 days. Discussion Pericardial involvement is a rare and perhaps underreported complication of influenza infection. Early recognition of cardiac symptoms and appropriate diagnostic workup in a patient presenting with influenza-like symptoms is important to avoid life-threatening complications.
Survey-based measurement of transit customer loyalty: Evaluation of measures and systematic biases

Abstract Transit customer attrition is an important issue for transit agencies and a key component of transit customer loyalty. In order to investigate what drives changes in transit use, they must be measured, and a common form of doing so are single-wave surveys in which respondents report their likelihood of using the service in the future. This paper evaluates the accuracy of a set of such measures by contrasting them with observed behavior a year later. Furthermore, it evaluates the accuracy of a measure where respondents report on past changes in transit use. The measures considered here are subject to considerable errors, which makes their usefulness in loyalty surveys questionable. However, there is also variability in accuracy across measures, and those that stated a time frame and asked about concrete changes performed best. Predicted attrition was most often followed through on, whereas predictions of stable or increased levels of transit use had higher error rates. All measures appear to generally underestimate attrition, which can lead to an overestimation of loyalty. Using the example of one stated intention measure, two models are constructed to determine whether any of the discrepancies are systematic, i.e., associated with certain traveler characteristics. The results suggest that in several cases, there may indeed be such systematic effects. In particular, the frequency of previous transit use, vehicle ownership, transit pass ownership, existing strategies to avoid routes or times with service quality problems, and attitudes toward the car are identified as being potentially influential.
Specificity and Modulation of the Eosinophil Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Response to the Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor of Anaphylaxis (ECF-A)

After their generation from myeloid precursors in bone marrow, eosinophil polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes circulate for a brief period in peripheral blood and then emigrate to tissue pools localized predominantly in the lungs, skin, intestines and genitourinary tract (Hudson, 1968; Spry, 1971; Zucker-Franklin, 1974). An increase in the level of eosinophils in peripheral blood and in involved tissues is a prominent feature of systemic immediate hypersensitivity reactions (Campbell et al, 1935). The selective influx of eosinophils to the focus of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction is governed by the tissue levels of diverse eosinophil chemotactic factors, by the biodegradation or inhibition of the chemotactic factors, and by reversible and irreversible alterations in the chemotactic responsiveness of the target cells (Goetzl et al, 1975). The net effect of this series of interactions is the positioning of a critical number of eosinophils at the site of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction so that they may exercise their specific regulatory role (Goetzl et al, 1975).
Rumination and physical functioning

Abstract This chapter reviews the literature linking rumination and other types of repetitive thinking with physiological outcomes. After describing two bodily systems implicated in stress responses, I explain the perseverative cognitive hypothesis, the predominant theory describing the role of rumination in physiological functioning. I then review empirical evidence implicating rumination and other types of repetitive thinking in cardiovascular, endocrine, and immune functioning. This chapter also considers research literature on the effects of rumination and worry on sleep problems, pain, and health-related behaviors.
The transfer of group practice strategy instruction to beginning instrumentalists’ individual practice:

This quasi-experimental study investigated the transfer of learning for effective practice strategies from large ensemble to individual rehearsal. Five middle school bands were randomly assigned to...
Chapter 18 – Osteoclasts

Publisher Summary One of the integral cell types contributes significantly to regulation of bone mass; osteoblasts, of mesenchymal origin, are transducers of numerous endocrine and paracrine signals. Separately they secrete and calcify the unique bone matrix, which is degraded by myeloid derived osteoclasts. The mechanism by which osteoclasts resorb bone is described in this chapter. The osteoclast, the only cell capable of bone degradation, is of hematopoietic origin. Many experiments have affirmed the original finding, including many examples of bone marrow rescue replicative of the early work, plus studies in which mice lacking the early myeloid-specific gene PU.1 fail to develop osteoclasts. While it is clear that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are osteoclast precursors, the initial steps in lineage development have not been defined completely. Thus, the earliest precursor that can be isolated and manipulated readily in vitro is the bone marrow macrophage (BMM) or its splenic counterpart, cells which arise from HSCs by incompletely understood signaling pathways. It is possible now to generate sufficient mature murine osteoclast-like cells to perform a wide range of cell biology studies by exposing BMMs to just two cytokines, M-CSF and RANKL, whose receptors are c-Fms and RANK, respectively.
LIBS of slurry samples

Abstract Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been employed for the analysis of slurry samples. Quantitative analysis of slurry samples is crucial and challenging. The problems associated with slurry samples include splashing, surface turbulence, and difficulties obtaining reproducible samples due to sedimentation, which results in limited success in the analysis of these samples. To achieve improved measurement precision and accuracy, a spin-on-glass sampling method was evaluated. Five elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Ni, and Si) were examined in five slurry simulants containing varying amounts of each ion, and three calibration models were developed by using univariate calibration, multiple linear regression, and partial least square regression. LIBS analysis results obtained from the partial least square regression model were found to be the best fit to results obtained from inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy analysis.
Immunometabolic function of the transcription cofactor VGLL3 provides an evolutionary rationale for sexual dimorphism in autoimmunity

Sexual dimorphism is exhibited remarkably in the female predominance of autoimmune diseases (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus, female-to-male ratio 9 : 1). To understand the female bias in autoimmunity, we focused on vestigial-like family member 3 (VGLL3), a molecule with increased expression in females and known to promote autoimmunity. We report that VGLL3 mediates the cellular stress response by upregulating p53 and IL-17C. Energy stress allows VGLL3 to be induced by IFNα, which ultimately leads to p53-dependent, lupus-associated, inflammatory cell death. Our results suggest that female-biased expression of VGLL3 helps cells adapt to metabolic stress, which, intriguingly, is known as a significant challenge during the evolution of placental mammals due to the need to feed a developing embryo. The findings also uncover the importance of maintaining metabolic homeostasis in the prevention of autoimmunity.
Porencephaly and Intracranial Calcifications in a Neonate.

1. Samuel J. Huang, MD* 2. Kyle T. Salsbery, MS, CGC* 3. Robert D. Steiner, MD*,†,‡ 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI 2. †Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 3. ‡PreventionGenetics LLC, Marshfield, WI A baby boy with concern for ventriculomegaly on prenatal ultrasonography is born at term by urgent cesarean delivery for fetal intolerance of labor. The mother received regular prenatal care. Maternal serologic test results were normal. She denied any travel, trauma, or illness during the pregnancy. Apgar scores were 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. On initial examination the boy appears nondysmorphic and proportionately small, being less than the 10th percentile for weight, length, and head circumference. …
Outcomes Associated With 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Administration to Reverse Oral Factor Xa Inhibitors in Bleeding Patients.

Compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), oral factor Xa inhibitors are associated with at least equivalent efficacy and a lower incidence of major bleeding. Despite this benefit, bleeding remains the most common adverse event. Prior to the approval of andexanet alfa, alternative agents such as 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) were utilized for reversal. This was a retrospective, descriptive study conducted on patients 18 years of age or older who received 4F-PCC for reversal of oral factor Xa inhibitors-associated bleeding. Patients were excluded if they received a VKA or dabigatran in the previous 48 hours. A subgroup analysis comparing 4F-PCC with andexanet alfa was conducted on patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the ANNEXA-4 trial. The primary end point of this study was to evaluate the incidence of hemostasis and associated dosing strategies in patients receiving 4F-PCC for reversal of oral factor Xa inhibitors-associated bleeding. Thirty-eight patients were included, and 28 patients (74%) achieved hemostasis. The median dose of 4F-PCC was 50 units/kg. In patients who achieved hemostasis, the median dose was 50 units/kg, and in those who failed to reach hemostasis, a median dose of 30 units/kg was seen. Within the subgroup analysis, there was no difference in overall rates of hemostasis between the 4F-PCC and andexanet alfa groups. Remaining a reasonable option to utilize for reversal of oral factor Xa inhibitors is 4F-PCC, especially when andexanet alfa is unavailable, with 50 units/kg appearing to be the most effective dose to achieve hemostasis. Further studies are needed to determine a preferential agent.
PowerKey: Generating Secret Keys from Power Line Electromagnetic Interferences

With the increasing adoption of Internet-of-Things devices, autonomously securing device-to-device communications with minimal human efforts has become mandated. While recent studies have leveraged ambient signals (i.e., amplitude of voltage harmonics) in a building’s power networks to secure plugged IoT devices, a key limitation is that the exploited signals are consistent only among nearby outlets, thus resulting in a low key matching rate when devices are far from each other. In this paper, we propose \(\mathsf {PowerKey}\) to generate secret keys for multiple plugged IoT devices in an electrical domain (e.g., a lab or an office suite). Concretely, \(\mathsf {PowerKey}\) taps into ambient power line electromagnetic interferences (EMI): there exist multiple spatially unique EMI spikes whose frequencies vary randomly but also remain consistent at participating power outlets to which IoT devices are connected. We propose K-means clustering to locate common EMI spikes offline at participating outlets and then dynamically extract secret keys at runtime. For evaluation, we conduct experiments in two different locations—one research lab and one suite with multiple rooms. We show that with \(\mathsf {PowerKey}\), multiple devices can successfully obtain symmetric secret keys in a robust and reasonably fast manner (i.e., 100% successful at a bit generation rate of up to 52.7 bits/sec).
Dose-dependent action of the RNA binding protein FOX-1 to relay X-chromosome number and determine C. elegans sex.

We demonstrate how RNA binding protein FOX-1 functions as a dose-dependent X-signal element to communicate X-chromosome number and thereby determine nematode sex. FOX-1, an RNA recognition motif protein, triggers hermaphrodite development in XX embryos by causing non-productive alternative pre-mRNA splicing of xol-1, the master sex-determination switch gene that triggers male development in XO embryos. RNA binding experiments together with genome editing demonstrate that FOX-1 binds to multiple GCAUG and GCACG motifs in a xol-1 intron, causing intron retention or partial exon deletion, thereby eliminating male-determining XOL-1 protein. Transforming all motifs to GCAUG or GCACG permits accurate alternative splicing, demonstrating efficacy of both motifs. Mutating subsets of both motifs partially alleviates non-productive splicing. Mutating all motifs blocks it, as does transforming them to low-affinity GCUUG motifs. Combining multiple high-affinity binding sites with the two-fold change in FOX-1 concentration between XX and XO embryos achieves dose-sensitivity in splicing regulation to determine sex.
Re-Assessment of the Impact of Epa’s Voluntary 33/50 Program on Toxic Releases

This paper re-evaluates the effectiveness of EPA’s voluntary 33/50 program in reducing the releases of 17 high priority toxic chemicals for the 1988-1995 period. Contrary to previous studies that use program participation information at the firm level and find mixed evidence on the effectiveness of the program, our analysis uses participation status at the facility level and shows the importance of undertaking analysis at a disaggregated scale. We find the rate of reduction in releases was significantly higher for program participants than non-participants but the effect is attenuated when estimated using firm level participation data.
Settler colonialism and sociological knowledge: insights and directions forward

What can the analytical framework of settler colonialism contribute to sociological theorizing, research, and overall understanding of the social world? This essay argues that settler colonialism, a distinct social formation with common statuses and predictable dynamics, has much to offer towards new sociological insight regarding the United States. In expanding the scholarly models of colonialism applied to the United States, settler colonial analysis suggests that an underlying logic of Indigenous elimination and settler replacement informs a diverse set of contemporary outcomes and structures. It provides a coherent and overarching framework for explaining such political phenomena as the vigorous presence of “extraconstitutional” tribal governments within the United States, recurrent Native-white conflicts, and the distinctive nature of contemporary Indigenous social and political agency. The essay also analyzes how settler supersession and the desire for Indigenous lands shapes the intensive state management of Indigenous identity, the differing racialization of African Americans and American Indians, and the contrasts between Indigenous and black sociopolitical agendas. Insights from a reconceptualization of the US as a settler colonial society are not limited to a focus on politics, American Indians, race, or the past. The article suggests additional directions for new research that have the potential to reveal contemporary social forces operating at multiple levels and in numerous fields of social action. Finally, the essay offers simple suggestions to sociologists who wish to incorporate settler colonialism in their research and teaching within the discipline or to contribute to interdisciplinary scholarship about American settler colonialism.
Why Do We Think Politicians Are So Evasive? Insight From Theories of Equivocation and Deception, With a Content Analysis of U.S. Presidential Debates, 1996-2012:

Politicians have a reputation for deception. Instead of blaming the politicians themselves, equivocation theory directs our attention to the situation in which politicians are asked questions. We draw on recent theories of deception detection—truth-default theory and information manipulation theory 2—to propose that a reason we think politicians are so evasive might be because, ironically, we believe them when they accuse their opponents of evasiveness in equivocal situations. We perform a content analysis of the question–answer sequences (N = 810) in U.S. presidential debates 1996 to 2012. Our results indicate that politicians accuse each other of evasion to a significant degree. Meanwhile, they are not necessarily dodging questions to the extent that their overt allegations suggest. This study demonstrates how the predictions of equivocation theory and deception detection theories apply to the domain of U.S. presidential debates.
Vaccine Risk Perceptions and Ad Hoc Risk Communication: An Empirical Assessment

This Report presents empirical evidence relevant to assessing the claim — reported widely in the media and other sources — that the public is growing increasingly anxious about the safety of childhood vaccinations. Based on survey and experimental methods (N = 2,316), the Report presents two principal findings: first, that vaccine risks are neither a matter of concern for the vast majority of the public nor an issue of contention among recognizable demographic, political, or cultural subgroups; and second, that ad hoc forms of risk communication that assert there is mounting resistance to childhood immunizations themselves pose a risk of creating misimpressions and arousing sensibilities that could culturally polarize the public and diminish motivation to cooperate with universal vaccination programs. Based on these findings the Report recommends that government agencies, public health professionals, and other constituents of the public health establishment (1) promote the use of valid and appropriately focused empirical methods for investigating vaccine-risk perceptions and formulating responsive risk communication strategies; (2) discourage ad hoc risk communication based on impressionistic or psychometrically invalid alternatives to these methods; (3) publicize the persistently high rates of childhood vaccination and high levels of public support for universal immunization in the U.S.; and (4) correct ad hoc communicators who misrepresent U.S. vaccination coverage and its relationship to the incidence of childhood diseases.
Development Of A Simulated Patient Exercise To Improve Acute Stroke Care By Neurology Residents (S30.007)

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether resident preparedness to deliver acute stroke care and institutional stroke treatment times can be improved by simulation exercises emphasizing acute stroke counseling. BACKGROUND: Prior surveys of University of Rochester neurology residents and faculty suggest that the residents’ ability to counsel patients and families about acute stroke care may be a relative weakness in their training. This gap in knowledge and skills may lead to lower rates or delays in administration of acute stroke treatments and leave residents unprepared for independent clinical practice. DESIGN/METHODS: Guided by survey data, a simulated patient exercise emphasizing patient/family counseling regarding the diagnosis of acute stroke and available treatments was created. Residents’ self-perceived ability to effectively counsel patients and families before and after the exercise were compared. Temporal trends in the hospital’s time to initiate intravenous thrombolysis for stroke were investigated, incorporating the months before and after simulation exercises. RESULTS: In August and September 2012, 17 adult neurology residents underwent simulation exercises, including an immediate debriefing with the simulated patient and a more lengthy self-assessment following review of a video recording of the simulation. Residents’ self-perceived preparedness to perform relevant counseling regarding acute stroke was improved post-simulation, though this did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Mean door-to-thrombolytic treatment time for acute stroke was significantly improved in the 6 months following institution of simulation exercises compared to the previous 18 months (54 minutes vs. 69 minutes, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Simulation exercises focusing on patient and family counseling may improve resident preparedness to deliver acute stroke care. These simulations may serve a role in more broad hospital-based quality improvement and educational interventions aimed at eliminating treatment delays for acute stroke. Study Supported by: University of Rochester Medical Center Dean9s Teaching Fellowship Program and the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation Disclosure: Dr. Jozefowicz has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for The Neurologist.
Successive mandibular fractures in the alcoholic-epileptic patient. Report of a case.

Abstract Most epileptic patients are well controlled by medical treatment and usually present no problem in the practice of oral surgery, provided that they have not failed to take the anticonvulsant drugs prescribed for them prior to treatment. The alcoholic-epileptic patient must be given special consideration. Postoperative supervision and cooperation are usually inadequate and improbable, and the occurrence of seizures is usually much more frequent than in the controlled non-alcoholic-epileptic patient. It is recommended that in these patients a more rigid form of fixation should be employed, especially if the patient cannot remain hospitalized until a clinical union has occurred.
Assessment of older persons: Training and resources

A survey of counselor education training programs and test publishers indicates that some training in assessment with older persons is being done, although available instruments are limited.
Functional reconstitution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in artificial lipid bilayers.

Abstract Functional reconstitution of the N- methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors was achieved by adding synaptic membranes from rat brain to large planar bimolecular lipid membranes (BLMs). The reconstituted receptors exhibited several properties of the NDMA receptors described using a variety of biochemical and electrophysiological techniques. Addition of NMDA at concentrations between 5 and 50 μM produced large, voltage-dependent increases in membrane conductivity. The selective antagonist of NMDA receptors, amino-2-phosphonopentanoate (AP-7), totally blocked the response of the bilayers to NMDA as did micromolar concentrations of magnesium; this latter effect was also voltage-dependent. These results indicate that BLMs can be used to study the ion channels and regulatory processes associated with NMDA receptors from adult brain in ways that could not be accomplished with conventional neurophysiological techniques.
Unique recovery from edge information

We study the inverse problem of recovering a function f from the nodes (zeroes) of its wavelet transform. The solution also provides an answer to a generalization of the Marr conjecture in wavelet and mathematical vision theory, regarding whether an image is uniquely determined by its edge information. The question has also other forms, including whether nodes of heat and related equation solutions determine their initial conditions. The general Marr problem reduces in a natural way to the moment problem for reconstructing f, using the moment basis on Rd (Taylor monomials xα), and its dual basis (derivatives δ(α) of of the Dirac delta distribution), expanding the wavelet transform in moments of f. If f has exponential decay and the wavelet's derivatives satisfy generic positions for their zeroes, then f can be uniquely recovered. We show this is the strongest statement of its type. For the original Gaussian wavelet unique recovery reduces to genericity of zeroes of so-called Laplace-Hermite polynomials, which is proved in one dimension.
Comparison of pregnancy, implantation, and multiple gestation rates for day 3 versus day 5 embryo transfers.

Purpose: To compare pregnancy, implantation, and multiple gestation rates resulting from day 3 and day 5 embryo transfers after in vitro fertilization emphasizing a subset of patients who met criteria for day 5 transfer but elected to undergo day 3 transfer.
Classification of acousto-optic correlation signatures of spread spectrum signals using artificial neural networks

An attempt was made to determine if artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be trained to classify the correlation signatures of direct-sequence and frequency-hopped spread-spectrum signals. Secondary goals were to determine if network classification performance can be modeled with a conditional probability matrix; if the symmetry of the matrices can be controlled; and if using a majority vote rule over independently trained networks improves classification performance. Correlation signatures of the spread-spectrum signals were obtained from US Army Harry Diamond Laboratories. The signatures were preprocessed and separated into various training and testing data sets. Thirty samples of network responses for several sets of training conditions were gathered using a neural network simulator. ANNs trained directly on correlation signature data yielded classification accuracies on test data at or near 80%. The probability matrices were stationary with regard to test sets, and the ability to shift the symmetry of the matrices was demonstrated. Improvement of classification accuracy via majority vote was possible if the nets were trained on different data sets. An average improvement of 1.8% was found to be statistically significant for alpha =0.05. A metric was developed to estimate the similarity of the solutions found by networks in a given training run. >
Stick -slip friction of gecko-mimetic flaps on smooth and rough surfaces

The discovery and understanding of gecko 'frictional-adhesion' adhering and climbing mechanism has allowed researchers to mimic and create gecko-inspired adhesives. A few experimental and theoretical approaches have been taken to understand the effect of surface roughness on synthetic adhesive performance, and the implications of stick-slip friction during shearing. This work extends previous studies by using a modified surface forces apparatus to quantitatively measure and model frictional forces between arrays of polydimethylsiloxane gecko footpad-mimetic tilted microflaps against smooth and rough glass surfaces. Constant attachments and detachments occur between the surfaces during shearing, as described by an avalanche model. These detachments ultimately result in failure of the adhesion interface and have been characterized in this study. Stick-slip friction disappears with increasing velocity when the flaps are sheared against a smooth silica surface; however, stick-slip was always present at all velocities and loads tested when shearing the flaps against rough glass surfaces. These results demonstrate the significance of pre-load, shearing velocity, shearing distances, commensurability and shearing direction of gecko-mimetic adhesives and provide us a simple model for analysing and/or designing such systems.
The murine MHC encodes a mammalian homolog of bacterial ribosomal protein S13.

The mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) contains many genes in addition to the classical immune response genes. We have screened overlapping cosmid clones covering 170 kb of the H-2K region for genes expressed in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. The Ke-3 gene (Abe et al. 1988) found in this region was further studied by Southern, Northern, and sequence analysis. It is an expressed, intron-containing locus encoding a mouse homolog of the bacterial ribosomal protein S13. This is the first nonorganelle S13 homolog identified in metazoans, and its genomic location has been determined precisely.
Hypoxic regulation of β-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 expression in nucleus pulposus cells of the rat intervertebral disc: role of hypoxia-inducible factor proteins.

Objective To determine whether hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) proteins regulate expression of β-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 1 (GlcAT-1), a key enzyme in glycosaminoglycan synthesis in nucleus pulposus cells. Methods Real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to measure GlcAT-1 expression. Transfections were performed to determine the effect of HIF-1α and HIF-2α on GlcAT-1 promoter activity. Results Under hypoxic conditions there was an increase in GlcAT-1 expression; a significant increase in promoter activity was seen both in nucleus pulposus cells and in N1511 chondrocytes. We investigated whether HIF controlled GlcAT-1 expression. Suppression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α induced GlcAT-1 promoter activity and expression only in nucleus pulposus cells. Transfection with CA-HIF-1α as well as with CA-HIF-2α suppressed GlcAT-1 promoter activity only in nucleus pulposus cells, suggesting a cell type–specific regulation. Site-directed mutagenesis and deletion constructs were used to further confirm the suppressive effect of HIFs on GlcAT-1 promoter function in nucleus pulposus cells. Although it was evident that interaction of HIF with hypoxia-responsive elements resulted in suppression of basal promoter activity, it was not necessary for transcriptional suppression. This result suggested both a direct and an indirect mode of regulation, possibly through recruitment of a HIF-dependent repressor. Finally, we showed that hypoxic expression of GlcAT-1 was also partially dependent on MAPK signaling. Conclusion These studies demonstrate that hypoxia regulates GlcAT-1 expression through a signaling network comprising both activator and suppressor molecules, and that this regulation is unique to nucleus pulposus cells.
Cladribine in treatment of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis

Chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severely disabling demyelinating disease in which autoimmune processes seem to have a major role. The nucleoside drug cladribine is a potent lympholytic agent with few side-effects. We have studied its efficacy and safety in a randomised double-blind trial. 51 patients (48 entered as matched pairs) received four monthly courses of 0.7 mg/kg cladribine or placebo (saline) given through a surgically implanted central line. Neurologists with no knowledge of which medication the patient was receiving examined the patients monthly and noted two rating scale scores (Kurtzke and Scripps). Cerebrospinal fluid and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were done at 6 and 12 months. Average neurological scores, demyelinated volumes on MRI, and concentrations of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid were stable or improved in the patients receiving cladrabine but continued to deteriorate in patients on placebo. Mean paired (placebo minus matched cladribine) differences at 12 months relative to baseline were 1.0 (SE 0.4) for the Kurtzke scores, -13.9 (2.3) for the Scripps scores, 4.57 (1.17) mL for demyelinated volumes, and 7.3 (3.3) arbitrary units for concentrations of oligoclonal bands. Cladribine was generally well tolerated and clinically significant toxicity occurred in only 1 patient, in whom severe marrow suppression developed with complete recovery after several months. 1 patient died of newly acquired hepatitis B, an event unlikely to be related to cladribine. We conclude that the immunosuppressive drug cladribine influences favourably the course of chronic progressive MS.
Collision-induced signal enhancement (CISE): The use of boundary activation to effect non-resonant CISE

An alternative to resonant excitation collision-induced signal enhancement (CISE) is presented. This alternative utilizes boundary activation instead of resonant excitation to effect CISE and is called boundary activated collision induced signal enhancement (BA-CISE). There are three ways to effect BA-CISE to enhance the signal for an MSn+1 experiment. Each technique utilizes the βz = 0 boundary, which ions encounter from high to low mass/charge ratio. BA-CISE is shown to produce an almost 900% increase in the C2 ion of [maltohexaose + Li]+. The use of a heavy collision gas in addition to the helium bath gas generally produced a signal enhancement inferior to the same experiment without the heavy gas.
Serotonergic innervation of the auditory brainstem of the Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis.

Anatomical and electrophysiological evidence suggests that serotonin alters the processing of sound in the auditory brainstem of many mammalian species. The Mexican free-tailed bat is a hearing specialist, like other microchiropteran bats. At the same time, many aspects of its auditory brainstem are similar to those in other mammals. This dichotomy raises an interesting question regarding the serotonergic innervation of the bat auditory brainstem: Is the serotonergic input to the auditory brainstem similar in bats and other mammals, or are there specializations in the serotonergic innervation of bats that may be related to their exceptional hearing capabilities? To address this question, we immunocytochemically labeled serotonergic fibers in the brainstem of the Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis. We found many similarities in the pattern of serotonergic innervation of the auditory brainstem in Tadarida compared with other mammals, but we also found two striking differences. Similarities to staining patterns in other mammals included a higher density of serotonergic fibers in the dorsal cochlear nucleus and in granule cell regions than in the ventral cochlear nucleus, a high density of fibers in some periolivary nuclei of the superior olive, and a higher density of fibers in peripheral regions of the inferior colliculus compared with its core. The two novel features of serotonergic innervation in Tadarida were a high density of fibers in the fusiform layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus relative to surrounding layers and a relatively high density of serotonergic fibers in the low-frequency regions of the lateral and medial superior olive. J. Comp. Neurol. 435:78–88, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Conformational Implications of an Inversed pH-Dependent Antibody Aggregation

Antibody formulation development relies on accelerated stability data at elevated temperatures to optimize formulation parameters. However, the pH- and temperature-dependence of aggregation is complicated for antibody formulations. In this study, a human monoclonal IgG2 antibody exhibited typical pH-dependent dimer formation under normal storage conditions (4 and/or 29°C). However, an inversed pH-dependence was discovered for high molecular weight aggregate formation at elevated temperatures (37°C). The different stability profiles exhibited at the various storage conditions resulted in nonlinearity of the Arrhenius kinetics. Thermal unfolding at or below 37°C was not evident by differential scanning calorimetry. Enriched populations of the structural isoforms of the IgG2 subclass were tested for their unique temperature and pH-dependence of aggregation. The Arrhenius kinetics of aggregation for each of the individual IgG2 isoforms was also nonlinear. However, the temperature-dependence of clipping suggested that clip-mediated aggregation was responsible for the increased higher order aggregates at low pH and elevated temperatures. Unique clip species resulting from the conformational differences between the IgG2 isoforms lead to increased aggregation. These results have implications on the mechanisms of antibody aggregation and on the validity of accelerated data to predict shelf-life accurately. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:3031–3042, 2009
Optogalvanic effect in a hollow cathode discharge with nonlaser sources

Several atomic emission sources were investigated for their potential to induce optogalvanic signals in hollow cathode lamps. The sources included an inductively coupled argon plasma, a H2–O2 flame, a high-temperature furnace, electrodeless microwave discharge lamps, and hollow cathode lamps. Successful results were obtained with argon emission from the inductively coupled plasma focused into an argon-filled hollow cathode tube and with atomic emission from one hollow cathode discharge focused into a hollow cathode tube containing the same element. Very low level optogalvanic signals were observed from the other sources but could not be unambiguously ascribed to emission from a specific element. A problem encountered was the presence of a background signal due to photoelectric emission and possibly radiative heating of the cathode.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL IMPLICIT TIME DEPENDENT CALCULATIONS FOR INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS ON ADAPTIVE UNSTRUCTURED MESHES

An implicit muItigrid-driven algorithm for two-dimensional incompressible laminar viscous flows is coupled with a mesh adaptation method to better capture the important features of the flow for time dependent problems. Time dependent calculations are performed implicitly by regarding each time step as a steady-state problem in pseudotime. The method of artificial compressibility is used to solve the flow equations. An adaptation method performs local mesh refinement using an incremental Delaunay algorithm and mesh coarsening by means of an edge collapse. The method is validated by comparison with experimental results of low Reynolds number flow over a shedding circular cylinder.
Perceiving flirtatious communication: An exploration of the perceptual dimensions underlying judgments of flirtatiousness

Perceptual dimensions underlying flirtatiousness judgments were examined in a three‐phased study. This study was conducted to answer the following research questions: (a) What perceptual dimensions underlie flirtatiousness judgments? (b) Do men and women use similar perceptual dimensions in assessing flirtatiousness? and (c) Do men and women vary in the degree to which they employ these perceptual dimensions in making their judgments? Based on an INDSCAL procedure and regression analyses completed on the sorting data of 94 participants (47 men and 47 women), six perceptual dimensions underlying flirtatiousness judgments were found: sexual assertiveness, overtness, invitation, playfulness, nonverbalness, and unconventionality. Additionally, men and women used identical dimensions in assessing the flirtatiousness of the episodes employed as stimuli. With a slight exception for perceptions of invitation, men and women judged the flirtation episodes similarly on the uncovered dimensions. The practical and the...