cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grazing and the distribution of sediment particle sizes in artificial stream systems

Recent research has shown that grazing by the algivorous minnows of the genus Campostoma can have a significant effect on both structural and functional parameters in stream ecosystems, influencing algal height and type, primary productivity, carbon dynamics, bacterial biomass and the size fractionation of benthic organic matter. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of minnow grazing on benthic particulate organic matter (BPOM) under the controlled conditions available in experimental streams. For this study, four grazed and four ungrazed artificial streams were sampled for BPOM on two dates. The samples were partitioned into large, medium, fine and ultrafine fractions via wet filtration. Fish grazed systems had significantly larger percentages of the fine fraction and significantly smaller percentages of the ultrafine fraction. The ability of grazers to alter particle size distribution is important to overall stream organic matter dynamics because recent studies have shown the importance of particle size in determining bacterial numbers and activity, which in turn influence fundamental stream process like respiration and organic carbon dynamics.
Adaptation of two family therapy training instruments to culturally suit the Indian context

Two family therapy training instruments, the Family Concept Assessment (FCA) and Rating Scale and Family Therapy Assessment Exercise (FTE), developed in the United States were adapted to suit the Indian cultural context. Several changes were made to the instruments while at the same time maintaining the equivalency of the scales to the original. Both the instruments were tested for face validity by a panel of cultural and content experts in the United States. The FTE was then pilot tested with an Indian sample. The psychometric properties of the adapted instrument are reported in this article including feedback from the participants.
Salmonella enterica Typhimurium SipA induces CXC-chemokine expression through p38MAPK and JUN pathways

Abstract The role of Salmonella typhimurium type III secretion system (T3SS-1)-translocated proteins in chemokines' expression and protein phosphorylation was investigated in HeLa cells. Infection of HeLa cells with S. typhimurium activated IL-8 and GRO-α expression at higher levels than infection with a S. typhimurium sipAsopABDE2 mutant, confirming that T3SS-1-secreted proteins are required to fully induce chemokine expression in HeLa cells. A S. typhimurium sipAsopABDE2 mutant complemented with sipA or a strain carrying a chromosomal copy of sipA (sopABDE2 mutant) activated chemokines at significantly higher levels than a S. typhimurium sipAsopABDE2 mutant. However, extracellular addition of recombinant SipA failed to induce IL-8 expression. Phosphorylation analyses revealed that S. typhimurium induced a twofold increase in the phosphorylation of B23, CREB1, ERK1, JUN, p38MAPK, and NR1. JUN and p38MAPK were phosphorylated by S. typhimurium carrying a chromosomal copy of sipA (sopABDE2 mutant) while none was more than twofold phosphorylated in cells infected with the S. typhimurium sipAsopABDE2 mutant. Treating cells with JUN and p38MAPK inhibitors significantly decreased IL-8 expression in sopABDE2 mutant infected cells. These data indicate that S. typhimurium SipA induces expression of CXC chemokines through phosphorylation of IL-8-transcription regulatory proteins, JUN and p38MAK.
Ordering in CuAu

Rapidly quenched CuAu ordered state development on low temperature annealing, presenting Young modulus variation as function of heat treatment time
Exponential convergence to equilibrium for a class of random-walk models

We prove exponential convergence to equilibrium (L 2 geometric ergodicity) for a random walk with inward drift on a sub-Cayley rooted tree. This randomwalk model generalizes a Monte Carlo algorithm for the self-avoiding walk proposed by Berretti and Sokal. If the number of vertices of levelN in the tree grows asC N ~μ N N γ−1 , we prove that the autocorrelation time τ satisfies 〈N〉2 ≲ τ ≲ 〈N〉1+γ
Tunable negative group index in metamaterial structures with large form birefringence

We experimentally verify the anomalous phase behavior in metamaterial structures with birefringent materials predicted by Mandatori, et. al. using form birefringent structures. Large birefringence as much as Δn/n = 0.7 has been achieved by surface-treated form birefringent discs, making compact single layer Mandatori structures viable. With a reduced model of a single layer birefringent structure, the relationship between design parameters (thickness and orientation angle) and device operation and performance parameters (such as the center operation frequency, bandwidth, effective negative index, negative group index of refraction, and the transmission throughput) are derived and verified experimentally. Tunable group index of refraction from strong slow light of ng = 29.6 to fast light of ng = -1.1 are measured experimentally.
Nitrone cycloadditions with vinyl silanes: the total synthesis of deoxysugars.

Abstract The total synthesis of (±)-rhodinose (2) and benzoxocin 4, a model system for the glycosidic moiety of nogalomycin, are reported. The key transformation in each reaction sequence involves the cycloaddition of a nitrone with vinyltrimethylsilane to produce 5-TMS-isoxazolidines followed by fluoride-induced fragmentation of the isoxazolidines to give α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
Steroid Secretion by the Human Egg-Corona-Cumulus Complex in Culture

Forty-five oocyte-corona-cumulus complexes ( OCCC ) were obtained from follicles of 13 women undergoing fertilization in vitro. Follicular growth was induced with human menopausal gonadotropin, and follicular aspiration was performed 36 h after an ovulatory injection of hCG. The maturation of these complexes was evaluated by the extent of cumulus mucification and corona cell dispersal. Three main morphological types were characterized: immature OCCCs (6), with a tight and compact corona-cumulus mass surrounding the oocyte; intermediate OCCCs (26), with a dispersed cumulus but only partly dispersed corona layer; and mature complexes (13) with complete dispersal of both cellular components. During a 24-h culture, progesterone secretion by intermediate and mature OCCCs was 30-fold higher (mean +/- SEM, 652 +/- 87 ng/ OCCC X 24 h) than immature OCCCs (19.6 +/- 3.5 ng/ OCCC X 24 h), while estradiol secretion was twice as high (3.8 +/- 1.1 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.6 ng/ OCCC X 24 h). Testosterone secretion was similar in all three types of OCCCs cultured (0.30 ng/24 h). It is suggested that the steroids produced by the OCCC may contribute to the local milieu of the fallopian tube.
Terahertz multichannel microfluidic sensor based on parallel-plate waveguide resonant cavities

We demonstrate a terahertz multichannel microfluidic sensor based on a parallel-plate waveguide geometry with two independent integrated resonant cavities.
A chemical and isotopic study of hibonite-rich refractory inclusions in primitive meteorites

Isotopic and chemical analyses of hibonite-rich inclusions from a number of primitive meteorites and, in some cases, of coexisting minerals from carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites, were carried out using ion microprobe (IP). The results of the IP analyses were compared with literature data obtained by INAA and electron microprobe analysis. Results showed that the trace element patterns of the hibonite inclusions analyzed have a number of feautures in common. The results are discussed with reference to the possible chemical processes operating early in the history of the solar system.
Tool use by wild cebus monkeys at Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica

Although wild cebus monkeys have been observed to use tools, this behavior has been reported only rarely. No one has systematically examined tool use in wildCebus, and it is not known how prevalent tool use is in the species' natural repertoire. During 300 hr of observation on 21 wild capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator) at Santa Rosa National Park in Costa Rica, 31 incidents of tool use, including eight different types of tool-use behavior, were observed. These observations indicate that tool use is a notable behavior pattern in this troop. Considering these incidents of tool use in conjunction with other reports on complex food-getting and preparation behavior byCebus suggests that tool use is a manifestation ofCebus' high behavioral adaptability. Since onlyCebus and the great apes (especially chimpanzees) have been observed to show such a diverse tool-use repertoire, to use tools so frequently, or to show such complex food-getting behavior in the wild, these observations also support the notion thatCebus and the great apes have followed a parallel evolutionary development of tool-using capacity.
YAG laser endoscopic treatment of an esophageal and sigmoid stricture after end-to-end anastomosis stapling

Endoscopic laser photocoagulation has many advantages over electrocautery. It avoids direct contact with tissue, controls the thermal reaction, and obviates current flow through the tissue. New applications are being devised in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders.1,2 In addition to laser coagulation for the treatment of bleeding gastrointestinal lesions, we used laser endoscopy for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract strictures caused by the end-toend anastomosis (EEA) auto-suture stapling procedure in two cases. power output of 100 watts and a sigmoidofiberscope (Olympus CF-1TS2) was done. Conditions of the irradiation were power output, 80 watts; irradiational pulses, 1.0 sec; and total energy, 2507 joules. The lesion was vaporized from the inner side with laser applied at locations of 12, 6, 3, and 9 o'clock. Follow-up sigmoidoscopy 1 week later showed a wider orifice (1.5 em in diameter) (Fig. IB). Closure of the T-colostomy was done in January 1983. Barium enema at that time showed a smooth passage (Fig. 2), and bowel movements were normal during 4 months' follow-up.
Complex Urban Systems Integration: The LEAM Experiences in Coupling Economic, Land Use, and Transportation Models in Chicago, IL

Simulated alternative patterns of future land-use change at a fine cellular resolution can be a valuable tool in assisting urban decision making in a region. When coupled with top-down regional economic demand modeling techniques, these disaggregate, spatially-explicit models of urban transformation can help planners and policymakers understand how different public policy and investment choices will play out in the future, especially in conjunction with different economic and demographic trends. In this paper, we seek to advance inquiry into connecting economic, land-use and travel-demand simulation models through a qualitative assessment of the change in land-use and travel demand outcomes as a result of loosely coupling a macroeconomic model (CREIM), a fine scale regional dynamic spatial land use model (LEAM), and a zone based travel demand model (CMAP TDM) in the Chicago metro region. We then compare land use and travel demand simulations with and without coupling so as to isolate the effects of the coupling process. We conclude with discussions on the implications of these results on location variables for various land use types, and its potential implications for planning.
Superamphiphobic aluminum alloy surfaces with micro and nanoscale hierarchical roughness produced by a simple and environmentally friendly technique

In this study, superamphiphobic (SAP) metallic aluminum (Al) alloy 2024 surfaces were produced with water and oil contact angles (CAs) of more than 150° and sliding angles of less than 10°. The two simple and environmentally friendly techniques of mechanical sanding and boiling water treatment were used to introduce micro and nanoscale roughnesses, respectively, which resulted in a hierarchical morphology. Surface energy of the rough surfaces was reduced by coating them with 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane agent. SAP property was absent for samples with micro or nanoroughness only, and it emerged only after both kinds of roughnesses were introduced. The highest CAs approaching 158° for water, 156° for ethylene glycol, and 154° for peanut oil were obtained after forming hierarchical structures involving shapes of microgrooves obtained by one-directional sanding and nanograss by immersing in boiling water for 1 min. The effects of the two approaches of random and one-directional sanding using various sandpaper grit sizes, and different time periods of treatment with boiling water on the wettability of surfaces were also investigated. In addition, fundamental wetting models were used to explain the experimental results obtained. SAP Al surfaces could see a wide range of applications in fields such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, anticorrosion, oil transportation, energy harvesting, and microfluidics.
Numerical Investigation of Plasma-Based Flow Control for Transitional Highly-Loaded Low-Pressure Turbine

Plasma-based active flow control was simulated numerically for the subsonic flow through a highly loaded low-pressure turbine. The configuration corresponded to previous experiments and computations which considered flow at a Reynolds number of 25,000 based upon axial chord and inlet conditions. In this situation, massive separation occurs on the suction surface of each blade due to uncovered turning. The present exploratory numerical study was performed to investigate the use of asymmetric dielectric-barrier-discharge actuators for mitigating separation, thereby decreasing turbine wake losses and increasing efficiency. Solutions were obtained for the Navier-Stokes equations, which were augmented by a phenomenological model that was used to represent plasma-induced body forces imparted by the actuator on the fluid. The numerical method used a high-fidelity time-implicit scheme, employing domain decomposition to carry out calculations on a parallel computing platform. A high-order overset grid approach preserved spatial accuracy in a locally refined embedded region. The magnitude of the plasma-induced body force required for control is examined, and both continuous and pulse-modulated actuations are considered. Novel use of counterflow actuation is also investigated, and the effects of pulsing frequency and duty cycle are considered. Features of the flowfields are described, and resultant solutions are compared with each other, with previous mass-injection control cases, and with the baseline situation where no control was enforced.
12Pixels: exploring social drawing on mobile phones

In this paper we present the design and development of 12Pixels, a novel interface, application, and social web service that allows people to create and share drawings directly from a regular mobile phone. We detail the release of 12Pixels as a service in Japan and analyze trends that emerged from user data collected. Our analysis and insights provide useful ground-level experiences with social drawing and mobile content creation.
Effect of telomere length on survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: An observational cohort study with independent validation

Summary Background Short telomere lengths are found in a subset of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but their clinical significance is unknown. Our aim was to investigate whether patients with various blood leucocyte telomere lengths had different overall survival. Methods In this observational cohort study, we enrolled patients with interstitial lung disease from Dallas, TX (primary cohort), and from Chicago, IL, and San Francisco, CA (replication cohorts). We obtained genomic DNA samples from unrelated healthy controls in Dallas, TX, and spouses of patients were also enrolled as an independent control group. Telomere lengths were measured in genomic DNA samples isolated from peripheral blood obtained at the time of the initial enrolment assessment. The primary endpoint was transplant-free survival (ie, time to death or lung transplantation) in the Dallas cohort. Findings were validated in the two independent idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis cohorts (Chicago and San Francisco). Findings 370 patients were enrolled into the Dallas cohort between June 17, 2003, and Aug 25, 2011. The 149 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had shorter telomere lengths than did the 195 healthy controls (mean age-adjusted log-transformed ratio of telomere to single copy gene was −0·16 [SD 0·23] vs 0·00 [0·18]; p Interpretation Shorter leucocyte telomere lengths are associated with worse survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Additional studies will be needed to establish clinically relevant thresholds for telomere length and how this biomarker might affect risk stratification of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Funding US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Harroun Family Foundation, and Nina Ireland Lung Disease Program.
Substitutional Effects on the Thermoelectric Properties of Transition Metal Pentatellurides

The thermoelectric properties (resistivity and thermopower) of single crystals of the low-dimensional pentatelluride materials, Hffe5 and ZrTe5, have been measured as a function of temperature from 10K < T < 320K. Both parent materials exhibit a resistive transition peak, Tp ≈ 80K for HfTe5 and Tp ≈ 145K for ZrTe5. Each display a large positive (p-type) thermopower (α ≥ +125μV/K) around room temperature, which undergoes a change to a large negative (n-type) thermopower (α≤-125μV/K) below the peak temperature. The magnitude of this resistive anomaly is typically 3–7 times the room temperature value of ≈ 1 mΩ•cm. Through isoelectronic substitution of Zr for Hf (Hf1-x Zrx Te5 ), a systematic shift is observed in Tp as the Zr concentration increases. Small Ti substitution for Hf and Zr affects the electronic properties strongly, producing a substantial reduction in Tp for either parent compound. However, the large values of thermopower and the magnitude of the resistive peak remain essentially unchanged. Substitutions of Se or Sb on the Te sites greatly affects the electronic behavior of the parent materials. Se doping increases the thermopower values by ≈20% while decreasing the resistivity by as much as 25%. These effects double the power factor, α2σT, of the parent materials. Small Sb substitutions appear to completely suppress the resistive anomaly. These features in the resistivity and thermopower signal a large degree of tunability in the temperature range of operation. The potential of these materials as candidates for low temperature thermoelectric applications will be discussed.
Health status and type of out-of-home placement: informal kinship care in an investigated sample.

Abstract Objective To assess the sociodemographic, health, and mental health of children in different types of out-of-home placements after investigation by child welfare agencies; to determine whether there are systematic differences in the children and their caregivers by type of out-of-home placements; and to provide the first description of these characteristics in a nationally representative sample for children in informal kinship care after child welfare involvement. Methods Using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW II), we compared children (0–17.5 years) in formal nonkinship foster care, formal kinship foster care, and informal kinship care shortly after a child welfare investigation. All analyses were weighted to reflect the sampling design. Results Children in informal kinship care are at comparable risk of having chronic health conditions and poorer health but are less likely to receive school-based services. All children in kinship care (formal and informal) are less likely to be reported to have mental health problems and are more likely to live with older caregivers whose educational level is low and whose health is reportedly poorer. Conclusions Although children in kinship care have health problems similar to children in nonkinship foster care, they are likely to live in families with fewer economic and educational resources. This mismatch between need and access has implications for the long-term well-being of the children who are living in informal kinship arrangements without system-level support of formal foster care.
Transition From Sagebrush Steppe to Annual Grass (Bromus tectorum): Influence on Belowground Carbon and Nitrogen

Vegetation changes associated with climate shifts and anthropogenic disturbance have major impacts on biogeochemical cycling. Much of the interior western United States currently is dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) ecosystems. At low to intermediate elevations, sagebrush ecosystems increasingly are influenced by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) invasion. Little currently is known about the distribution of belowground organic carbon (OC) on these changing landscapes, how annual grass invasion affects OC pools, or the role that nitrogen (N) plays in carbon (C) retention. As part of a Joint Fire Sciences-funded project called the Sagebrush Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP), we quantified the depth distribution of soil OC and N at seven sites experiencing cheatgrass invasion. We sampled plots that retained sagebrush, but represented a continuum of cheatgrass invasion into the understory. Eighty-four soil cores were taken using a mechanically driven diamondtipped core drill to a depth of 90 cm, or until bedrock or a restrictive layer was encountered. Samples were taken in 15-cm increments, and soil, rocks, and roots were analyzed for OC and total N. We determined that cheatgrass influences the vertical distribution of OC and N within the soil profile and might result in decreased soil OC content below 60 cm. We also found that OC and total N associated with coarse fragments accounted for at least 10% of belowground pools. This emphasizes the need for researchers to quantify nutrients in deep soil horizons and coarse fragments.
Four-Color Achromats and Superchromats

Materials suitable for the construction of achromatic lenses corrected for four wavelengths are selected by the use of three graphs which are the three orthographic projections of a three-dimensional graph in P, Q, and V; where V=(nd−1)/(nF−nC), P=(nh−nC)/(nF−nC), and Q=(n1.014−nC)/(nF−nC). One set of three glasses, Schott PKS-1, F-1, and KzFS-4, has been selected, from which a four-color achromat has been designed. Analysis at 12 wavelengths shows this design to have negligible residual chromatic aberration. It is consequently a superchromat in accordance with Herzberger’s prediction.
Retiming and resynthesis with sweep are complete for sequential transformation

There is a long history of investigations and debates on whether a sequence of retiming and resynthesis is complete for all sequential transformations (on steady states). It has been shown that the sweep operation, which adds or removes registers not used by any output, is necessary for some sequential transformations. However, it is an open question whether retiming and resynthesis with sweep are complete. This paper proves that the operations are complete, but with one caveat: at least one resynthesis operation needs to look through the register boundary into the logic of previous cycle. We showed that this one-cycle reachability is required for retiming and resynthesis to be complete for re-encodings with different code length. This requirement comes from the fact that Boolean circuit is used for a discrete function thus its range needs to be computed by a traversal of the circuit. In theory, five operations in the order of sweep, resynthesis, retiming, resynthesis, and sweep are already complete. However, some practical limitations on resynthesis must be considered. The complexity of retiming and resynthesis verification is also discussed.
IFRS framework-based case study: DaimlerChrysler - Adopting IFRS accounting policies

Abstract This instructional case applies a framework-based approach to explore the concept of comparability in financial reporting and retrospective application of new accounting policies. The DaimlerChrysler (DC) case provides an opportunity for you to research key financial reporting concepts, analyze accounting policy differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS, determine adjustments necessary to convert financial statements from U.S. GAAP to IFRS, and compute and discuss key ratio impacts following financial statement conversion. This case demonstrates that transitioning to IFRS is more than an accounting issue; it provides opportunities for financial restructuring (e.g., Daimler’s amendments to pension plans and its 2007 sale of Chrysler). It also illustrates the importance of professional judgment when initially adopting IFRS accounting policies. Also, despite FASB and IASB convergence efforts, you learn that most of the key differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS identified in DC’s reconciliations continue today. This case helps you to: (1) develop skills to interpret and apply the requirements on first-time adoption of IFRS to a real-world setting; (2) research key differences between U.S. GAAP and IFRS and their effects on the financial statements and ratios; and (3) understand significant impacts of the transition to IFRS on businesses and financial statements. Completing the case develops your critical thinking and research/technological skills.
Direct broadband microwave characterization of biological tissues using the coaxial probe technique

A key advantage of using coaxial probe for microwave characterization of biological media is the non-invasive nature of the technique. The complex permittivities of normal tissues from animals and both normal and cancerous tissues from human bodies were measured over a broadband microwave region with this technique. The biological tissue measurements showed that the complex permittivities measured by this technique are in good agreement with other investigations. This is a cost effective, non invasive and easy to use technique which makes it very suitable for diagnostic and therapeutic applications of microwaves in biomedicine.
A sonic hedgehog signaling domain in the arterial adventitia supports resident Sca1+ smooth muscle progenitor cells

We characterize a sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling domain restricted to the adventitial layer of artery wall that supports resident Sca1-positive vascular progenitor cells (AdvSca1). Using patched-1 (Ptc1(lacZ)) and patched-2 (Ptc2(lacZ)) reporter mice, adventitial Shh signaling activity was first detected at embryonic day (E) 15.5, reached the highest levels between postnatal day 1 (P1) and P10, was diminished in adult vessels, and colocalized with a circumferential ring of Shh protein deposited between the media and adventitia. In Shh(-/-) mice, AdvSca1 cells normally found at the aortic root were either absent or greatly diminished in number. Using a Wnt1-cre lineage marker that identifies cells of neural crest origin, we found that neither the adventitia nor AdvSca1 cells were labeled in arteries composed of neural crest-derived smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Although AdvSca1 cells do not express SMC marker proteins in vivo, they do express transcription factors thought to be required for SMC differentiation, including serum response factor (SRF) and myocardin family members, and readily differentiate to SMC-like cells in vitro. However, AdvSca1 cells also express potent repressors of SRF-dependent transcription, including Klf4, Msx1, and FoxO4, which may be critical for maintenance of the SMC progenitor phenotype of AdvSca1 cells in vivo. We conclude that a restricted domain of Shh signaling is localized to the arterial adventitia and may play important roles in maintenance of resident vascular SMC progenitor cells in the artery wall.
Stromatolites: Yellowstone Analogues

Stromatolites are important types of geological structures, found primarily in the Precambrian Era, but present to lesser extent throughout the rest of earth history up until the present. Stromatolites are important geologically because they provide a useful fossil record of the Precambrian, and because many mineralized deposits are found within or associated with them. A number of definitions of “stromatolite” have been used, but a recent definition (Walter, 1976) attributable originally to Stanley Awramik and Lynn Margulis (Stromatolite Newsletter, February 1974, p. 5) follows: “Stromatolites are megascopic organosedimentary structures produced by sediment trapping, binding, and/or precipitation as a result of growth and metabolic activity of organisms, primarily blue-green algae.”
Species in tribes Toxorhynchitini and Uranotaeniini with published illustrations and/or descriptions of eggs (Diptera: Culicidae)

Species of the mosquito tribes Toxorhynchitini and Uranotaeniini with published illustrations and/or morphological descriptions of the egg stage are listed with their literature citations.
Assembly of an Evolutionarily Conserved Alternative Proteasome Isoform in Human Cells

Summary Targeted intracellular protein degradation in eukaryotes is largely mediated by the proteasome. Here, we report the formation of an alternative proteasome isoform in human cells, previously found only in budding yeast, that bears an altered subunit arrangement in the outer ring of the proteasome core particle. These proteasomes result from incorporation of an additional α4 (PSMA7) subunit in the position normally occupied by α3 (PSMA4). Assembly of "α4-α4" proteasomes depends on the relative cellular levels of α4 and α3 and on the proteasome assembly chaperone PAC3. The oncogenic tyrosine kinases ABL and ARG and the tumor suppressor BRCA1 regulate cellular α4 levels and formation of α4-α4 proteasomes. Cells primed to assemble α4-α4 proteasomes exhibit enhanced resistance to toxic metal ions. Taken together, our results establish the existence of an alternative mammalian proteasome isoform and suggest a potential role in enabling cells to adapt to environmental stresses.
Gallery Construction and Oviposition of Scolytus multistriatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Relation to Temperature and Adult Density

Laboratory studies of effects of temperature and adult density (10 females or 50 females per 250 cm2 phloem of Ulmus Americana L.) on maternal gallery construction and oviposition by Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) indicated that response of adult beetles at 25 and 30°C was similar. At the higher density, maternal galleries were shorter (20 mm) and there were fewer egg niches per unit length of gallery (1.8/mm); at the lower density, maternal galleries averaged 23 mm and there were 2.5 egg niches per mm of gallery. Length of the egg-free portion of the maternal gallery was similar at both densities.
Vacuum 〈 T μ ν 〉 in Schwarzschild spacetime

The vacuum expectation value of the stress-energy tensor for the Hartle-Hawking vacuum in Schwarzschild spacetime has been calculated by means of the method of covariant point separation. It is found that $〈{{T}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\ensuremath{\nu}}〉$ separates naturally into the sum of two terms. The first coincides with an approximate expression suggested by Page on the basis of a Gaussian approximation to the propertime Green's function. The second term is a "remainder" which comprises sums over mode functions that may be evaluated numerically. It is found that the total expression is in good qualitative agreement with Page's approximation. These results are at variance with earlier numerical results given by Fawcett which purported to show that the true value of $〈{{T}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}}^{\ensuremath{\nu}}〉$ differed in important respects from Page's approximation. The error in Fawcett's calculation is explained.
Improving nutrition in toddlers with cystic fibrosis: Feasibility of a behavioral parent-training intervention.

This study tested feasibility of a developmentally sensitive adaptation of a behaviorally based group parent-training intervention designed to improve adherence to cystic fibrosis nutrition recommendations and address a variety of mealtime behavior management problems. Modifications to the original intervention are described. Parents of 4 children ages 21 to 31 months with cystic fibrosis participated. Two children were malnourished and had primary goals of increasing intake and weight; 2 were adequately nourished and had primary goals of improving diet quality. Additional data are provided for 1 child regarding child disruptive behavior. Anthropometric data were collected at baseline, pre- and posttreatment, and follow-up and retrospectively via chart review. Families completed 3-day diet diaries across 2 baseline weeks, 6 weeks of intervention, and at a 12-week postintervention follow-up. Data support acceptability of this intervention to parent participants. The 2 malnourished children increased caloric intake throughout the intervention and demonstrated clinically significant weight gains at posttreatment. Furthermore, these gains were maintained at follow-up. One of the 2 adequately nourished children demonstrated improved diet quality. Findings provide some support for the feasibility for parent group intervention providing training in cystic fibrosis-specific child behavior management skills to multiple families. Preliminary results suggest that this intervention may provide benefits to parents who often struggle with the demands of nutrition requirements and toddler behavior.
Creating New Rice Germplasm by Using Rice Anther Culture

The basic connotation of rice anther culture was introduced in this paper,its functions and significance in breeding of inbred rice and hybrid rice,and germplasm creation were dominantly discussed.It revealed that the anther culture technology would exert great actions on new germplasm creation of rice by combining with traditional breeding,cross-breeding and biological techniques in 21 century.
188 REITNAL EXPRESSION OF PLASMID DNA BY IN VIVO ELECTROPORATION

Purpose Photoreceptor cells rapidly lose their structure and function when they are cultured, thus requiring an in vivo setting for their studies. Genetic manipulation of photoreceptor cells using traditional transgenic mouse techniques is time consuming and costly. We explored the recently described method of in vivo electroporation as an alternate means to introduce foreign DNA constructs into mouse retinas. Ultimately, we will use this method for future studies of wildtype and mutant rhodopsin synthesis and turnover in transfected photoreceptor cells. Such studies may help to better understand the effects of some of the rhodopsin mutations that are causal for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Methods To test in vivo electroporation technique, a DNA plasmid containing GFP driven by the ubiquitin promoter was generated. Under a dissecting microscope, DNA was injected into the subretinal space of newborn CD1 mice using a Hamilton syringe. After injection, tweezer-type electrodes soaked in PBS were placed on the sides of heads of pups and used to create five 80-V pulses. Electroporated retinae were harvested 21 days after injection, fixed, and cut on a cryostat in sections of 20 μm. Cryosections were then examined with a Zeiss Axioplan fluorescent microscope. To examine turnover of mutant rhodopsin in photoreceptors, constructs were made that use the rhodopsin promoter to drive expression of chimeric proteins containing timer fluorescence (dsRed-E5) and either wildtype or mutant rhodopsin. Results When viewed under the fluorescent microscope, cryosections of retinae containing the ubiquitin-GFP construct demonstrated expression of GFP in outer nuclear layer of photoreceptor cells as well as cells in the inner nuclear layer. Plasmids containing mouse rhodopsin promoter driving expression of wildtype rhodopsin-dsRed-E5 and rhodopsin mutant-dsRed-E5 were constructed and verified by sequencing. Conclusions Expression of GFP in the retinae of P21 mice after DNA injection demonstrates in vivo electroporation is a possible means to study mutant rhodopsin in mice. Future experiments will use in vivo electroporation to study the turnover of the mutant rhodopsin-dsRed-E5 constructs.
Intentions in speaking and acting: the Standard Theory and its foes

Introduction The anthropological critique of the use of intentions for explaining human action focuses on a small group of authors, who helped establish what could be considered the “Standard Theory” of interpretation in linguistics, the philosophy of language, and the cognitive sciences in the twentieth century. In this chapter, I review the Standard Theory, with special attention to Searle’s use of intentions in his model of linguistic as well as non-linguistic acts, Rosaldo’s criticism, and other authors’ earlier accounts and criticism of intentionality as a key feature of meaning. I also return to the question of the universality of the notion of intention by reviewing the history of the term and then engaging in a cross-linguistic analysis that will reveal hidden aspects of the semantic field covered in English by intention , intent , and intending . The Standard Theory: Grice, Austin, and Searle The three major authors associated with the standard theory are: H. P. Grice, for whom it is the reliance on intentions that makes linguistic meanings different from all other kinds of phenomena to which an interpretation can be given; John Austin, who included intentions in the felicity conditions for speech acts; and John Searle, who made intentions a central component of his speech act theory, his theory of mind, and, in combination with the notion of “we-intention” (see Chapter 10), his theory of society.
Environmental Control and Legislation

This chapter discusses public efforts to abate pollution. In this long, slow, and inefficient struggle, society has rarely used its best abilities but has instead shown great tolerance for waste. Obviously, abatement is not only a chemical and technical problem but involves human psychology. The rapid technological transition has caused the importance of psychological questions to steadily increase because it has caused confusion as to which process and products are still viable and which formerly valuable products are becoming obsolete and useless, and constitutes unwanted waste. Thus, it is impossible to deal with the scientific problems of environmental control legislation without first considering some important psychological factors. The handling of wastes is connected with pride and status. In all societies, the dumping of wastes and clean-up work onto others constitutes a natural and basic method of establishing one's status. The total quantity of waste produced is correlated with gross national product.
Identifying Wrong-Way Driving Hotspots by Modeling Crash Risk and Assessing Duration of Wrong-Way Driving Events

Because wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes are often severe, it is important for transportation agencies to identify WWD hotspot segments appropriate for potential implementation of advanced WWD countermeasures. Two approaches to identify these hotspot segments were developed and applied to a case study of limited-access highways in Central Florida. The first approach used a Poisson regression model that predicted the number of WWD crashes in a roadway segment based on WWD citations, 911 calls, traffic volumes, and interchange designs. Combining this predicted crash value with the actual number of WWD crashes in the segment gave the WWD crash risk of the segment. Ranking roadway segments by WWD crash risk provided agencies with an understanding of which segments had high WWD crash frequencies and high potential for future WWD crashes. This approach was previously applied to South Florida; the research presented here extended this approach to Central Florida. The second approach was based on operational data ...
Delay Robustness and Compensation in L1 Adaptive Control

Abstract Stability analysis of an L1 adaptive control design decomposes into i) the derivation of an inequality condition imposed on a filter in the control channel that guarantees transient performance bounds on the state and control input for a theoretical nonadaptive reference system, and ii) a Lyapunov-type proof of the decay of a predictor error as the inverse square root of the adaptive gain, which in turn can be made arbitrarily large without sacrificing robustness to time delay in the control input. This paper reviews recent results on the robustness to input and communication time delays for L1 control systems with uncertain nonlinearities and in nontrivial network configurations, as well as a possible scheme for compensating for large, constant input delays.
A quad-core 28–32 GHz transmit/receive 5G phased-array IC with flip-chip packaging in SiGe BiCMOS

This work presents a quad-core 28–32 GHz transmit/receive phased-array integrated circuit (IC) with flipchip packaging for 5G communication links. The IC consists of 4 Tx/Rx channels each with 6-bit phase and 14 dB amplitude control. The noise figure in the RX mode is 4.6 dB, the lowest reported to date to our best knowledge, and the output power in transmit mode is 10 dBm at P1dB. The power consumption is 105 mW and 200 mW in the RX and TX modes respectively, per channel. The chip is flipped on a low cost RF board with a 2×2 antenna array for a range of system-level measurements. The array has a measured EIRP of 24.5 dBm, and is used in a 1 meter communication link achieving 64-QAM 2.4 Gbps data rate with an EVM of 2.89%.
Race, Bullying, and Public Perceptions of School and University Safety:

Bullying and school crime are important social problems that are receiving increased attention by scholars and policy makers. However, several critical questions remain unaddressed. First, does the public perceive bullying as a serious problem and judge schools-primary, secondary, and postsecondary-as safe or unsafe? Second, does the public use a "bullying lens" to judge school safety-that is, do citizens understand bullying as a serious threat to students' well-being? Third, are there racial differences in these perceptions? Prior research identifies racial differences in the prevalence of bullying, as well as in students' views of school safety and citizens' fear of crime. Similar racial gaps may characterize public perceptions of bullying and school safety. This study begins to illuminate answers to these questions by analyzing data from a representative sample of Virginians. Multivariate regression analyses produce several notable findings. First, we find that members of the public believe bullying in schools is an increasingly serious problem, and their perceptions of bullying influence their judgments of whether schools and colleges/universities are safe. Second, Black members of the public are more likely than persons from other racial and ethnic backgrounds to perceive that bullying is increasing and is a serious problem in schools, and, in turn, to judge that schools and universities are less safe. Our results indicate that members of the public see bullying as a principal threat to student safety. They suggest there is a strong reservoir of public support for antibullying initiatives and, more broadly, efforts to increase student safety.
Radomir Konstantinović and “Provincial Philosophy”: Binaries as Borders

Radomir Konstantinovic and Provincial Philosophy : Binaries as Borders This essay is a partial reconsideration of the complex and often-cited work Filozofije palanke (1969) by the Serbian novelist and essayist Radomir Konstantinovic. The fiery condemnations of Serbia’s stalled social and intellectual development and its accompanying predilection for barbaric violence are fiercely debated to this day, nearly six years after the death of the author and approaching fifty years since the book’s first publication. One way that Konstantinovic builds his argument is by establishing borders between Serbia, or other societies, and Europe or modernity; three main types of these borders can be expressed as binaries centered on values, time, and geography. The “spirit” or mindset of the palanka , or small Serbian town, can perhaps be rehabilited by converting it into a historically contingent philosophy, which comes to term with the forces of time, evolution, and agency. Radomir Konstantinovic i filozofia prowincjalna. Przeciwstawności jako granice Esej jest cząstkowym spojrzeniem na zlozoną i czesto cytowaną prace Filozofije palanke (1969) napisaną przez serbskiego powieściopisarza i eseiste Radomira Konstantinovicia. Ostra krytyka opoźnionego rozwoju spolecznego i intelektualnego Serbii oraz towarzyszącego mu upodobania do barbarzynskiej przemocy takze dziś – prawie sześc lat po śmierci autora, i prawie piecdziesiąt lat od pierwszego wydania ksiązki, stanowią temat dyskusji. Jednym ze sposobow, w jaki Konstantinovic buduje swoją argumentacje, jest ustanowienie granicy miedzy Serbią a innymi spoleczenstwami, czy Europą i nowoczesnością. Trzy glowne typy tych granic mozna wyrazic jako przeciwstawności skoncentrowane na wartościach, czasie i geografii. „Duch” lub sposob myślenia palanki , czyli serbskiego pipidowka, moze zostac zrehabilitowany poprzez przeksztalcenie go w historycznie reprezentatywną filozofie, ktora mierzy sie z silami czasu, ewolucji i dzialan.
New Insights from Studies of Clonal Hematopoiesis

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) describes an asymptomatic expansion of blood cells descended from a single hematopoietic stem cell. Recent studies have shown that CH increases in frequency with aging and is often driven by somatic mutations in genes that are recurrently mutated in hematologic malignancies. When CH is associated with a mutation in a leukemia-associated gene at a variant allele frequency of 0.02 or greater, it is termed "clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential" (CHIP). CHIP has a 0.5% to 1% risk per year of progression to hematologic neoplasia, and increases both all-cause mortality and the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke due to a proinflammatory interaction between clonally derived leukocytes and vascular endothelium. CH frequently emerges in the context of immune-mediated marrow failure syndromes such as aplastic anemia, whereas CH emerging after cytotoxic cancer therapy is strongly associated with subsequent development of a therapy-related myeloid neoplasm, especially if a TP53 mutation is present. However, risk factors for developing CH other than aging, marrow failure, and cytotoxic radiotherapy or chemotherapy are poorly defined. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and clinical consequences of this common and clinically important biological state. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4633-42. ©2018 AACR.
Detection of 16S rRNA and KPC Genes from Complex Matrix Utilizing a Molecular Inversion Probe Assay for Next-Generation Sequencing

Targeted sequencing promises to bring next-generation sequencing (NGS) into routine clinical use for infectious disease diagnostics. In this context, upfront processing techniques, including pathogen signature enrichment, must amplify multiple targets of interest for NGS to be relevant when applied to patient samples with limited volumes. Here, we demonstrate an optimized molecular inversion probe (MIP) assay targeting multiple variable regions within the 16S ribosomal gene for the identification of biothreat and ESKAPE pathogens in a process that significantly reduces complexity, labor, and processing time. Probes targeting the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) antibiotic resistance (AR) gene were also included to demonstrate the ability to concurrently identify etiologic agent and ascertain valuable secondary genetic information. Our assay captured gene sequences in 100% of mock clinical samples prepared from flagged positive blood culture bottles. Using a simplified processing and adjudication method for mapped sequencing reads, genus and species level concordance was 100% and 80%, respectively. In addition, sensitivity and specificity for KPC gene detection was 100%. Our MIP assay produced sequenceable amplicons for the identification of etiologic agents and the detection of AR genes directly from blood culture bottles in a simplified single tube assay.