cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occupational impairment and Social Anxiety Disorder in a sample of primary care patients

Background Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is the second most prevalent psychiatric condition in the US. Because of the inherent nature of SAD, it may cause impairments in workplace functioning, particularly compared to other anxiety disorders that do not necessarily lead to social impairments. In this study, we compared workplace functioning in primary care patients with SAD to patients with other anxiety disorders and comorbid Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).
The analysis of multiphasic signals with the Apple II/FIRST microprocessor system

An Apple II/FIRST system has been developed to control classical conditioning experiments, collect analog data, and extract dependent variable measures of conditioning from uniphasic response signals (Scandrett & Gormezano, 1980). The present paper covers an expansion in the capabilities of the system by the development of a multiphasic signal analysis algorithm written in FIRST, an interactive, high-level, dictionary-based language. The program provides unprecedented efficiency, sensitivity, and flexibility in the analysis of multiphasic analog response signals in classical conditioning experiments. Moreover, the program has the potential to analyze even more complex signal patterns.
THE EVOLUTION OF CLARKIA UNGUICULATA DERIVATIVES ADAPTED TO RELATIVELY XERIC ENVIRONMENTS

Clarkia unguiculata is exceedingly variable with regard to many morphological characteristics (Lewis and Lewis, 1955). Considerable cytological diversity also occurs as evidenced by studies of translocations and supernumerary chromosomes (Lewis, 1951; Mooring, 1958, 1960). Within this morphological and cytological diversity may be found certain distinctive populations or groups of populations. A series of such populations in the southern Sierra Nevada foothills of Kern and Tulare counties, California, was found to differ consistently from C. unguiculata in morphology and chromosome arrangement (Lewis and Vasek, 1954; Vasek, 1958, 1960). Furthermore, hybrids with C. unguiculata were difficult to produce and, when obtained, were sterile. These populations have been interpreted as a closely related species, Clarkia exilis. Another population, from Springville in Tulare County, California, was found to be intersterile with both C. unguiculata and C. exilis, and differed from both by 5 or 6 large translocations. The Springville population was conservatively interpreted as an extreme chromosome race of C. unguiculata (Vasek, 1960). Interest in another series of populations was recently stimulated by collections, from the arid inner coast ranges, of plants which differ from the usual type of C. unguiculata in having smaller flowers and narrower leaves and which lack long hairs on the ovary and calyx. An investigation was begun to determine whether these observed morphological differences were consistent, to determine relative crossability and interfertility, and to determine chromosomal relationships. This investigation was mainly concerned with the inner coast range plants (hereafter referred to as "Temblor" for convenience) and C. unguiculata, but C. exilis and "Springville" were included in the hybridization studies. This paper assembles the pertinent available information concerning distribution, habitat, morphology, cytology, and interfertility. The objectives are to evaluate the information, assess the relationships of the populations studied, and in so doing, to approach an understanding of their evolutionary history.
Programming T cell Killers for an HIV Cure: Teach the New Dogs New Tricks and Let the Sleeping Dogs Lie.

Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), a latent viral reservoir persists in HIV-1-infected persons. Unfortunately, endogenous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are unable to control viral rebound when patients are removed from cART. A "kick and kill" strategy has been proposed to eradicate this reservoir, whereby infected T cells are induced to express viral proteins via latency-inducing drugs followed by their elimination by CTLs. It has yet to be determined if stimulation of existing HIV-1-specific CTL will be sufficient, or if new CTLs should be primed from naive T cells. In this review, we propose that dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen presenting cells, act as dog trainers and can induce T cells (the dogs) to do magnificent tricks. We propose the hypothesis that an HIV-1 cure will require targeting of naive T cells and will necessitate "teaching new dogs new tricks" while avoiding activation of potentially dysfunctional endogenous memory CTLs (letting the sleeping dogs lie).
Two Cases of Pyogenic Sacroiliitis in Children

We report 2 cases of pyogenic sacroiliitis in children.Case 1 recovered completely after long-term treatment with intravenous antibiotics, with only one recurence.In case 2, due to late diagnosis and short-term antibiotic treatment, recovery was not complete and five episodes of recurrences were noted.Pyogenic sacroiliitis in children is a rare disease, and its early diagnosis is difficult. When treating this disorder, it is important to use intravenous antibiotics over an extended period particularly in the early stages of the disease.
End-stage reflex sympathetic dystrophy

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is an automatic dysfunction that occasionally complicates healing after trauma or surgery. The syndrome is characterized by pain, swelling, stiffness, and discoloration often out of proportion to the original injury. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are the most important factors in the successful outcome of this disabling condition. A case of longstanding, previously untreated reflex sympathetic dystrophy secondary to a minor injury is presented.
On Congruences Involving Sums of Products of Binomial Coefficients

w >v. We give here only the simplest of types of congruences we shall need elsewhere. There are extensive generalizations which we shall indicate how to obtain, without writing out the results explicitly, as some of the latter are quite complicated. Let k and m be arbitrary integers and p a prime; then (1) (m + k)c[(m + k)P-1 -]r = 0 (mod pr) c > r, since if (m+k) is prime to p, then (m+k)P-11 (mod p); and if m+k=O (mod p) then (m+k)c-=O (mod pr), since c>r. Expanding (1), we have r /r\ (la) E (1)h ) (m + k)h(P-1)+c 0 (mod pr). h=Oh If we select k so that (2) kP-1 1 (mod pr), we may employ this in (la), collect coefficients of powers of k, and obtain
The Lubrication Ability of Ionic Liquids as Additives for Wind Turbine Gearboxes Oils

The amount of energy that can be gained from the wind is unlimited, unlike current energy sources such as fossil and coal. While there is an important push in the use of wind energy, gears and bearing components of the turbines often fail due to contact fatigue, causing costly repairs and downtime. The objective of this work is to investigate the potential tribological benefits of two phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs) as additives to a synthetic lubricant without additives and to a fully formulated and commercially available wind turbine oil. In this work, AISI 52100 steel disks were tested in a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer against AISI 440C steel balls. Surface finish also affects the tribological properties of gear surfaces. In order to understand the combined effect of using the ILs with surface finish, two surface finishes were also used in this study. Adding ILs to the commercial available or synthetic lubricant reduced the wear scar diameter for both surface finishes. This decrease was particularly important for trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide, where a wear reduction of the steel disk around 20% and 23% is reached when 5 wt % of this IL is added to the commercially available lubricant and to the synthetic lubricant without additives, respectively.
A hyperspectral vehicle BRDF sampling experiment

Hyperspectral imagery was taken of four vehicles from a roof at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) at various vehicle orientations in illumination conditions dominated by direct solar radiation in order to explore and model the in-scene bidirectional reﬂectance distribution functions (BRDFs) of 3D objects. The four vehicles were rotated and imaged through the span of six hours resulting in many combinations of vehicle orientation, source azimuth, and source zenith. In addition to the general sampling of vehicle BRDFs, three experiments were designed and executed in order to understand the contributions of vehicle shape, vehicle color, and background on the observed in-scene BRDFs.
The Ideal Aesthetic Observer: A Second Look

THE IDEAL OBSERVER theory has been fruitful in ethics, but has not been given a fair hearing in aesthetics. Philip Hobsbaum recently described the theory in a classification of aesthetic theories as subjectivist and relativistic.1 But as originally set forth by Roderick Firth, the theory was absolutist and non-relativistic.2 Hobsbaum seems to have missed the point entirely. John Hospers did somewhat better,3 but seems to this writer to have left some very interesting philosophical problems untouched. In what follows, I shall set forth the Ideal Observer theory as clearly as possible, and then try to see what problems are involved in transferring the theory to aesthetics. I shall use as my principal sources the original paper by Firth and the Hospers paper. The Ideal Observer theory was set forth by its author to explain what we mean when we say something is good, e.g., that some action is morally good or right. In explaining his theory, Firth wrote:
The Abruptness of Acton

The Supreme Court's 1995 opinion in Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton held that a school board can require student-athletes to submit to random urinalysis drug testing as a condition of playing on the school team. In 1995, drug testing for students was not a common practice, and was not a matter of extensive public debate or litigation. This article details how the Acton decision popularized the idea of drug testing in schools and helped it spread nationwide. It reviews the litigation and public discussion about school drug testing, paying special attention to the practices of school districts in one state (North Carolina), and shows how these discussions and practices changed after the Acton decision. After the Acton case, school boards debated the question far more often and began to adopt drug testing policies. When they talked about drug testing, school boards framed their proposals in terms dictated by the Supreme Court's opinion--focusing on the nature of consent that various student subgroups give--rather than talking about the real concerns of school officials, such as the impact of drug tests on the health and well-being of all students. The Supreme Court created the debate and pushed it in a particular direction. Much of the legal activity described in the article does not appear in the pages of appellate judicial opinions. Instead, the legal arguments take place in official school board meetings, in discussions among school officials, and among citizens. The pages of local newspapers reflect these public debates more faithfully than the pages of case reporters. Thus, in addition to discussing the consequences of abrupt Supreme Court opinions, the article considers the blind spots of judico-centric legal scholarship. The discussion tracks the number of news stories on the subject of random drug testing in schools to measure its prominence as a topic of public debate.
Modification of garnet by fluid infiltration during regional metamorphism in garnet through sillimanite-zone rocks, Dutchess County, New York

Metapelitic rocks from a progressive metamorphic sequence in Dutchess County, New York, record evidence for reaction between garnet and fluids associated with quartz (::!:plagioclase) veins and for net transfer among garnet interiors, mineral inclusions, and fluid. Garnet-fluid reaction resulted in modification of preexisting garnet textures, compositions, and growth-zoning patterns. The textural and compositional record of garnet-fluid interaction varies with grade and with proximity of garnet to quartz veins. Garnet-zone rocks do not contain evidence for extensive reaction with vein-forming fluids. In upper stauroliteand kyanite-zone rocks, garnet that is crosscut by quartz veins contains a fluid-inclusion-filled region near the garnet-vein interface. This region truncates growth-zoning patterns and quartz inclusions. Fluid inclusions in garnet decrease in abundance away from quartz veins. In some rocks lacking quartz veins, fluid inclusions are concentrated in garnet interiors, and in particular near fractures, and are notably lacking around mineral inclusions in garnet. Inferences from textural and compositional features combined with thermobarometric results indicate that preexisting garnet grains were modified at T"" 525-550 °C and >4 kbar by one or more reactions involving fluids. The fluid pathways included foliationparallel channels in the rock as well as microcracks in mineral grains.
How to Use Reflective and Deliberate Practice to Maximize Learning

In deliberate practice, learners and teachers periodically stop and assess their experiences and circumstances in order to make a plan to improve. The first two components—stopping and assessing—constitute reflective practice. Reflective practice, in turn, falls into three equally important domains. The first domain is cognitive awareness: awareness of what you know and don’t know. The second domain is procedural: what kind of technical skills do you have or do you need and what can you or can’t you do. The final domain is affective: how do interactions with patients or colleagues, or your work life in general, influence emotions, and what impact does that have on patient care and your own quality of life as a physician. This chapter provides specific techniques to encourage reflective and deliberate practice in learners in order to foster their ability to improve their future practice as clinicians.
Microbial validation of radio frequency pasteurization of wheat flour by inoculated pack studies

Abstract This study developed a microbial validation method for radio frequency (RF) pasteurization of low-moisture food powders. Wheat flour with water activity of 0.45 ± 0.02 was used as a model. In this study, heat resistance parameters (D- and z-values) of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 30 (S. Enteritidis) and its potential surrogate Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 (E. faecium) in wheat flour were determined. The results showed that, while both microorganisms yielded the similar z-values, E. faecium was more heat-resistant than S. Enteritidis. For process validation, a 5-g pack of wheat flour inoculated with either microorganism was placed in the geometric center of 3 kg wheat flour and subjected to various processing times of up to 39 min in a 27 MHz RF unit. The inactivation kinetics matched but yielded slightly greater reduction than pasteurization modeled from measured temperature profiles and microbial thermal resistance parameters. This investigation concluded that E. faecium is a valid surrogate for Salmonella in wheat flour. A conservative validation can be obtained by inoculated pack protocol. RF heating technology has potential for pasteurizing wheat flour.
Identifying Factors Associated with Participation in T1D Support Program for Young Adults

Objective: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been shown to have a significant and stressful impact on an individual's transition into young adulthood. Young adults are often experiencing new levels of independence and decision-making at this time. Insufficient research has been conducted on the use and impact of T1D support programs tailored to young adults in relation to the emotional impacts of the disease, access to programming, and desired outcomes of programs. This study assesses awareness, utilization, and emotional needs of T1D support programs tailored to young adults. Research Design and Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed on surveys collected through specific groups on Facebook (n=529). Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with participation in T1D support programs. Results: Approximately 41% of participants had been involved in a program or activity for young adults. The average age was 24 (range 18-30) with females being overrepresented (85%). Individuals who attended a T1D support program for young adults were more likely to disagree that their T1D: keeps them from having a normal life; feel their T1D controls their life; or feel their T1D takes up too much mental/physical energy. Individuals who attended T1D support programs for young adults were more likely to disagree that they: need more peer-to-peer support with T1D. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance for T1D support programs for young adults and the unique needs of a population with T1D. T1D support programs should be considered in combination with clinical support for better preparing individuals to transition into young adulthood.
Provider Beliefs Regarding Early Mobilization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Abstract Purpose Critically ill patients are at risk for short and long term morbidity. Early mobilization (EM) of critically ill adults is safe and feasible, with improvement in outcomes. There are limited studies evaluating EM in pediatric critical care patients. Provider beliefs and concerns must be evaluated prior to EM implementation in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Design and Methods A survey was distributed to PICU providers assessing beliefs and concerns with regards to EM of PICU patients. Results Seventy-one providers responded. Most staff believed EM would be beneficial. The largest perceived benefits were decreased length of both stay and mechanical ventilation. The largest perceived concerns were risk of both endotracheal tube and central venous catheter dislodgement. Surveyed clinicians felt significantly more comfortable mobilizing the oldest as compared to the youngest patients (p Conclusion There is clear benefit to the EM of adult ICU patients, with evidence supporting its safety and feasibility. As pediatric patients pose different challenges, it is imperative to understand provider concerns prior to the implementation of EM. Our research demonstrates similar concerns between adult and pediatric programs, with the addition of significant concern surrounding EM in very young children. Practice Implications Understanding pediatric specific concerns with regards to EM will allow for the proper development and implementation of pediatric EM programs, allowing us to assess safety, feasibility, and ultimately outcomes.
What's Valuable?

This essay is the concluding chapter for The Worth of Goods: Valuation and Pricing in the Economy, edited by Patrik Aspers and Jens Beckert (Oxford University Press). I start with an insight of John Dewey's that the terms price, prize, and praise all share a common Latin root. To this triplicate I add a fourth, perform, using these four concepts as a device to discuss the papers in the volume. In one section, I address the phenomenon of Top Ten lists: On-line ratings and rankings by consumers now provide vast sources of data on prizing and appraising - new means to register value judgments in the economy.
ARRC: A random ray neutron transport code for nuclear reactor simulation

Abstract A massively parallel implementation of a recently developed technique for numerically integrating the transport equation, The Random Ray Method (TRRM) (Tramm et al., 2017), is applied to several large reactor benchmark problems. The implementation, which is part of a new development called The Advanced Random Ray Code (ARRC), is one of the first parallel implementations of TRRM. Our goal is to better understand the accuracy and performance characteristics of TRRM on massive scale problems, and to provide community software that facilitates further algorithmic development and potentially its application to a broader class of problems. Key features of ARRC include extreme memory efficiency, domain decomposition, a task based parallel structure, and the ability to efficiently utilize Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) vector units. These attributes lead to efficient performance on modern high performance computer (HPC) architectures, enabling the detailed simulation of reactor cores in three dimensions.
Discovery of small molecule protease inhibitors by investigating a widespread human gut bacterial biosynthetic pathway

Abstract Natural products from the human microbiota may mediate host health and disease. However, discovery of the biosynthetic gene clusters that generate these metabolites has far outpaced identification of the molecules themselves. Here, we used an isolation-independent approach to access the probable products of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-encoding gene cluster from Ruminococcus bromii, an abundant gut commensal bacterium. By combining bioinformatics with in vitro biochemical characterization of biosynthetic enzymes, we predicted that this pathway likely generates an N-acylated dipeptide aldehyde (ruminopeptin). We then used chemical synthesis to access putative ruminopeptin scaffolds. Several of these compounds inhibited Staphylococcus aureus endoproteinase GluC (SspA/V8 protease). Homologs of this protease are found in gut commensals and opportunistic pathogens as well as human gut metagenomes. Overall, this work reveals the utility of isolation-independent approaches for rapidly accessing bioactive compounds and highlights a potential role for gut microbial natural products in targeting gut microbial proteases.
Total Knee Arthroplasty versus Osteochondral Allograft: Prevalence and Risk Factors following Tibial Plateau Fractures.

Orthopaedic surgeons commonly have the misconception that patients with tibial plateau fractures will likely go on to posttraumatic knee arthritis requiring total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In younger patients, osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is an alternative method to address posttraumatic knee arthritis. The purpose of this study was (1) to identify our institutional failure rate following tibial plateau open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) (failure was defined as conversion to TKA or OCA); (2) to determine if there are patient- or injury-related risk factors predictive of failure; and (3) to characterize differences between patients treated with TKA versus those treated with OCA transplantation. A 10-year retrospective review was conducted to identify patients treated at our institution with a tibial plateau fracture. Patients included in the final analysis were at least 18 years of age with an articular fracture (AO/OTA 41 B/C). The primary outcome was subsequent ipsilateral OCA or TKA. There were 350 patients (359 tibial plateau fractures) with a mean follow-up of 22.3 months (range, 6–133 months) who met inclusion criteria. Twenty-seven fractures (7.5%) were subsequently converted to a TKA or OCA at an average of 3.75 ± 3.1 years following their initial surgery. Patients who consumed tobacco were 2.3 times more likely to require a joint replacement (confidence interval [CI], 1.0–5.2; p = 0.04). Those patients who received an OCAs were significantly younger as compared with their TKA peers, both at time of initial injury (37 vs. 51 years, p = 0.02) and at time of surgery (41 vs. 55 years, p = 0.009). The joint replacement rate in this study is similar to those studies in the published literature that focused solely on the prevalence of conventional TKA. Tobacco is a risk factor for failure following tibial plateau ORIF. Patients who were treated with an OCA were younger at time of injury and failure.
Function of Cytokines in Lymphocyte Development

All hematopoietic cells, including lymphocytes, are derived from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) (Morrison et al. 1995). The process of hematopoiesis is initiated with an asymmetric stem cell division, giving rise to one cell that remains an HSC and another that begins to differentiate. Subsequent development leads to the loss of self-renewal activity and commitment to a specific hematopoietic lineage, thus restricting its differentiation potential. Cytokines have been shown to play important roles in hematopoiesis, regulating the viability, expansion and differentiation of developing cells (Watowich et al. 1996).
REDUCED OXIDATION STATES AND RADIATION-INDUCED TRAP GENERATION AT Si/SiO2 INTERFACE

Thin thermal SiO2 films (< 80 A) grown on Si (100) substrates are irradiated with electrons from 0 to 20 eV during in situ XPS measurements. Both oxide/vacuum surface states and Si (+3) species at the Si/SiO2 interface are generated and allowed to relax during the course of the measurements. The results are correlated with the presence of a strained layer of SiO2 (~ 20 A) at the interface that we had previously reported.
A technique for bicuspidization of the aortic valve

Although there are a dozen or more etiologies for aortic insufficiency, the ultimate problem is similar in most cases. There is a disparity between the area of the aortic orifice and the area of valve leaflet with which this orifice must be covered during diastole. Recently, efforts have been made under direct vision to establish a more favorable orifice/valve leaflet ratio by excision of the noncoronary cusp and conversion of the valve to a bicuspid structure.1–4, 6, 7 Early results by Bailey with the clinical application of this method appear to warrant a more extensive clinical trial.1, 2 Concerning the physiologic consequence of this procedure, several problems remained unsettled. Since bicuspidization of the valve reduces the orifice by more than 50 per cent, the effect of the relative stenosis on the left ventricle is of interest. It is also important to know if it is necessary to excise the leaflet of the noncoronary cusp or if this leaflet can simply be defunctionalized. The present investigation is concerned with these questions and with a description of a simplified method for bicuspidization of the aortic valve.
The role of self-cognition in the processing of personal information

The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the role of self-cognition in efficiently activating one's self-schemas for processing self-relevant information. Nine self-cognition (SC) and 12 non self-cognition (NSC) subjects were asked to judge each of 44 introverted and extraverted adjectives in one of three ways of processing: Structural, semantic, and self-referent. They were then exposed to surprise tests for recall and recognition confidence. The main findings were as follows: (1) For old items, the SC group produced significantly higher recognition confidence in favor of their self-schemas than the NSC group; (2) for new items, the NSC group showed differential recognition bias in favor of their self-schemas, while there was no such recognition bias in the SC group
Pluralism Towards Pluralism

In this chapter we visit the subtle question of whether the pluralist is pluralist towards himself. We answer this question in two ways. The first is technical, and we develop this answer in Sects. 11.2 and 11.3. The second answer is general, and we develop this answer in Sect. 11.4. A reader could skip Sects. 11.2 and 11.3 without loss of coherence, especially if said reader is not wedded to a particular formal paraconsistent logic. The final two sections are for those who feel queasy from following the conceptual gymnastics of pluralism.
Response to basal resources by stream macroinvertebrates is shaped by watershed urbanization, riparian canopy cover, and season.

AbstractRiparian reforestation is a common restoration action in urban streams, but relatively little is known about the influence of local riparian vegetation in the face of watershed-scale urban ...
Single copy/knock-in models of ALS SOD1 in C. elegans suggest loss and gain of function have different contributions to cholinergic and glutamatergic neurodegeneration

Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) lead to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease that disproportionately affects glutamatergic and cholinergic motor neurons. Previous work with SOD1 overexpression models supports a role for SOD1 toxic gain of function in ALS pathogenesis. However, the impact of SOD1 loss of function in ALS cannot be directly examined in overexpression models. In addition, overexpression may obscure the contribution of SOD1 loss of function in the degeneration of different neuronal populations. Here, we report the first single-copy, ALS knock-in models in C. elegans generated by transposon- or CRISPR/Cas9- mediated genome editing of the endogenous sod-1 gene. Introduction of ALS patient amino acid changes A4V, H71Y, L84V, G85R or G93A into the C. elegans sod-1 gene yielded single-copy/knock-in ALS SOD1 models. These differ from previously reported overexpression models in multiple assays. In single-copy/knock-in models, we observed differential impact of sod-1 ALS alleles on glutamatergic and cholinergic neurodegeneration. A4V, H71Y, G85R, and G93A animals showed increased SOD1 protein accumulation and oxidative stress induced degeneration, consistent with a toxic gain of function in cholinergic motor neurons. By contrast, H71Y, L84V, and G85R lead to glutamatergic neuron degeneration due to sod-1 loss of function after oxidative stress. However, dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal populations were spared in single-copy ALS models, suggesting a neuronal-subtype specificity previously not reported in invertebrate ALS SOD1 models. Combined, these results suggest that knock-in models may reproduce the neurotransmitter-type specificity of ALS and that both SOD1 loss and gain of toxic function differentially contribute to ALS pathogenesis in different neuronal populations.
Application of the Communication Complexity Scale in Peer and Adult Assessment Contexts for Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Purpose The purpose of this study was to measure changes in communication of preschoolers with autism using the Communication Complexity Scale (CCS; Brady et al., 2012) and to examine the utility o...
Semi-active adaptive control for enhancing the seismic performance of nonlinear coupled buildings with smooth hysteretic behavior

Abstract The efficacy of using the simple adaptive control method for alleviating the seismic responses of two nonlinear adjacent buildings connected at multiple levels with magneto-rheological dampers is investigated. The connected system is formed by two shear-type model buildings of the same height but have different dynamic characteristics so that the fundamental frequencies of the individual buildings do not coincide. A stable hysteretic behavior of the structural system is considered in the current study, which captures the variation in flexibility and energy loss under various intensity levels of seismic events. The Bouc-Wen’s nonlinear differential equation is utilized to model the hysteretic behavior of the restoring force-displacement smooth curve of the developed nonlinear structural system which is then integrated into a semi-active adaptive control system. The advantage of using the Bouc-Wen model is that it has the ability to mathematically track various shapes of the force-displacement curves by adjusting its non-dimensional parameters. The proposed nonlinear model is validated through a finite element model. Adaptive control is well suited to handle the nonlinear behavior because the adaptive control gains can be adjusted depending on the situation through a closed-loop action to yield better performance. The results show that using the adaptive controller to drive the magneto-rheological dampers connecting two adjacent nonlinear buildings can be used to effectively alleviate the seismic responses and reduce permanent deformations. However, the performance improvement is not the same under all ground motions considered in this study.
Locoregional anesthesia is associated with lower 30-day mortality than general anesthesia in patients undergoing endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to compare 30-day postoperative mortality for patients undergoing endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) using locoregional vs general anesthesia. Unlike the open approach, endovascular repair of rAAA can be performed using either locoregional or general anesthesia. We hypothesize that mortality after endovascular repair of rAAA is lower when locoregional rather than general anesthesia is used. Methods Propensity score matching techniques were used to compare the 30-day postoperative outcomes of patients from the 2007 to 2015 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent endovascular repair of rAAA under locoregional vs general anesthesia. Results Of the 1382 endovascular rAAA repair procedures in our overall study population, 132 (9.5%) were performed using locoregional anesthesia. Our propensity score matching algorithm yielded a cohort of 130 general anesthesia patients who were well matched with their locoregional anesthesia counterparts for known patient and procedure characteristics. The 30-day postoperative mortality rates for patients in the matched cohort were 14.6% for patients in the locoregional anesthesia group compared with 29.2% for patients in the general anesthesia group (P = .002). Conclusions Locoregional rather than general anesthesia is associated with a significantly lower 30-day mortality after endovascular repair of rAAA. The designs of future trials comparing endovascular and open rAAA repair should include stratification of endovascular procedures by anesthesia modality.
A variable flip angle golden-angle-ordered 3D stack-of-radial MRI technique for simultaneous proton resonant frequency shift and T1 -based thermometry.

PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a variable-flip-angle golden-angle-ordered 3D stack-of-radial MRI technique for simultaneous proton resonance frequency shift (PRF) and T1 -based thermometry in aqueous and adipose tissues, respectively. METHODS The proposed technique acquires multiecho radial k-space data in segments with alternating flip angles to measure 3D temperature maps dynamically on the basis of PRF and T1 . A sliding-window k-space weighted image contrast filter is used to increase temporal resolution. PRF is measured in aqueous tissues and T1 in adipose tissues using fat/water masks. The accuracy for T1 quantification was evaluated in a reference T1 /T2 phantom. In vivo nonheating experiments were conducted in healthy subjects to evaluate the stability of PRF and T1 in the brain, prostate, and breast. The proposed technique was used to monitor high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation in ex vivo porcine fat/muscle tissues and compared to temperature probe readings. RESULTS The proposed technique achieved 3D coverage with 1.1-mm to 1.3-mm in-plane resolution and 2-s to 5-s temporal resolution. During 20 to 30 min of nonheating in vivo scans, the temporal coefficient of variation for T1 was <5% in the brain, prostate, and breast fatty tissues, while the standard deviation of relative PRF temperature change was within 3°C in aqueous tissues. During ex vivo HIFU ablation, the temperatures measured by PRF and T1 were consistent with temperature probe readings, with an absolute mean difference within 2°C. CONCLUSION The proposed technique achieves simultaneous PRF and T1 -based dynamic 3D MR temperature mapping in aqueous and adipose tissues. It may be used to improve MRI-guided thermal procedures.
Cold-Stunned Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta): Initial vs. Convalescent Physiologic Status and Physiologic Findings Associated with Death

Abstract This study evaluated the physiologic status of 155 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) that stranded on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, between 2008 and 2016 after exposure to naturally cold...
Fat Grafting for Hand Rejuvenation.

The hands are one of the most visible parts of the body, and prominent dorsal veins and extensor tendons are the most readily recognized signs of the aging process. Fat grafting has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective method of hand rejuvenation by restoration of subcutaneous fat. Despite some variability in the technical approach, fat grafting techniques are consistent in their use of low-pressure injection with standard cannula sizes, small aliquots of graft, and a total volume of graft greater than or equal to 15 mL per hand. While distribution of the fat is an area of debate and a topic of active research, published studies have shown high patient satisfaction rates, suggesting that perhaps the restoration of volume alone is paramount. In this article, we will review the applications of fat grafting to the hand, focusing primarily on its role in hand rejuvenation.
Fouling characterization of camel milk with comparison to bovine milk

Abstract The fouling behavior of raw camel milk was studied under controlled surface temperatures (71–79 °C) and shear stresses (0.03–3.14 Pa) using a spinning disc apparatus. Camel milk fouling decreased with increasing shear and increased significantly as surface temperature increased. Comparing to bovine milk, camel milk had approximately 76% lower linear fouling rates, and 55% lower final fouling resistances, however, the masses of their dry deposits were not significantly different. Micro-CT scan images revealed a higher porosity of the deposit of camel milk (76%) than bovine milk (55%), which resulted in the lower thermal resistances observed during camel milk fouling. Composition analysis showed that fat (52–62%) and protein (34–43%) were the major constituents in both deposits. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that casein, α-lactalbumin, serum albumin and peptidoglycan recognition protein were the major proteins contributing to the deposition of camel milk, while β-lactoglobulin and casein were responsible for bovine milk fouling.
Dealing with Hard Problems

For the practical person, demonstrating that a problem is NP-complete is never the end of the line. Presumably, there was a reason why you wanted to solve it in the first place.
The effect of statins on overall survival and progression-free survival in veterans with prostate cancer: A retrospective single-center experience.

169Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men in the United States. Death in prostate cancer patients is often related to other medical conditions and not prostate cancer itself. ...
Scapholunate Dissociation: Dorsal Capsulodesis/Primary Repair

The scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) is a three-part ligament, and the most structurally significant is a stout dorsal segment connecting the proximal scaphoid to the dorsal lunate (Chim and Moran. Plast Reconstr Surg. 34(2):312e–22e, 2014). In radial wrist deviation, the SLIL allows the scaphoid and lunate to flex in synchrony, while in ulnar deviation, the SLIL allows the scaphoid and lunate to extend (Chim and Moran. Plast Reconstr Surg. 34(2):312e–22e, 2014).
Free-Standing Thin Hydrogels: Effects of Composition and pH-Dependent Hydration on Mechanical Properties

We developed an approach to obtain nanothin free-floating poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) hydrogel films through the dissolution of a sacrificial SiO2 layer. The hydrogel films were produced by chemi...
Decolonization and Third World Struggles

The crisis of the old European empires created newly independent states in many parts of the Global South, and the resulting turmoil created many opportunities for superpower intervention. The Congo was a setting for intense and enduring violence. Eastern and Western Blocs repeatedly came into conflict across the Middle East, as the West secured its influence with a coup in Iran, and the Soviets developed close relations with Egypt, Syria, and Iraq. The Soviets benefited greatly from the Communist victory in the Cuban revolution. In response, the US buttressed its position by a series of coups and interventions to prevent left-wing groups from gaining power in several nations, including Brazil, Guyana, and the Dominican Republic.
Relationship between Grip Strength and Achievement in Physical Education among College Men

Abstract Grip strength was compared to physical education achievement grades for 635 college men. The relationship was found to be significant and positive. Grip strength is directly related to and probably dependent upon body weight and only indirectly related to height in college men. A significantly larger proportion of left-handed men have a stronger right grip as compared to right-handed men with a stronger left grip.
TRANSIT TIME RELATED TO CLINICAL FINDINGS IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT ABDOMINAL PAIN

Carmine was used as a marker to estimate the transit time through the gut of 306 children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) of whom 96 had migraine as well. They were compared with a further 160 children with migraine alone. Clinical examination revealed that having rectal constipation was present in 66 (22%) of children with RAP and transit was delayed in 91% of them. They presented distinctive features which suggest that rectal constipation alone may be a cause of RAP. In the remaining 240 children (78%) colonic spasm was thought to be responsible for attacks of abdominal pain. Transit time was prolonged in 44% and the colon was tender in 45% of cases. Colonic tenderness was associated more often with migraine and with a greater incidence and severity of intestinal delay than when colonic tenderness was absent. However in neither subgroup did the coexistence of migraine further delay intestinal transit. Children with migraine alone showed a delay in transit in 27% of cases, possibly accounted for mostly by colonic constipation, but delay is almost doubled in incidence and severity if abdominal pain supervenes with colonic tenderness. It is suggested that when rectal constipation has been excluded, children with RAP should be classified as cases of colonic spasm in view of the strong similarity with spastic colon of adults.
Studies on coenzyme Q. The biosynthesis of coenzyme Q9 in rat tissue slices.

Abstract Unequivocal proof that individual rat tissues carry out the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9) from naturally occurring small molecules has been provided by the demonstration of incorporation of radioactivity from acetate-1-14C, DL-mevalonate-2-14C, uniformly labeled L-phenylalanine-14C, and uniformly labeled tyrosine-14C into CoQ9 in rat liver, kidney, heart, and intestine slices. The rates of synthesis of CoQ9 and cholesterol in various tissues were variable, although the rate of the over-all synthesis of cholesterol exceeded that of CoQ9 by a ratio of 350:1 in rat liver slices and 15:1 in rat kidney slices. The incorporation of mevalonate-2-14C into both cholesterol and CoQ9 obeys saturation kinetics as measured by the ratio of specific activity of the product to precursor. The apparent Km for cholesterol biosynthesis was 1.0 mM, whereas that for CoQ biosynthesis averaged 0.2 mM. Although the incorporation of label from mevalonate-2-14C into cholesterol was linear with time, a lag of about ½ hour was observed before significant incorporation of label into CoQ9 occurred. This lag in labeling of CoQ9 was attributed to the accumulation of intermediates at a "slow" point in the reaction sequence. The incorporation of mevalonate-2-14C into CoQ9 in rat tissue slices was independent of the carbon dioxide tension in the reaction medium but was dependent upon the partial pressure of oxygen. Neither the addition of pyruvate as an exogenous energy source nor the additional rat serum stimulated the rate of biosynthesis in liver slices. A radioactive fraction moving faster than CoQ9 on reverse phase paper chromatography from the crude CoQ fraction isolated from alumina has been identified as a mixture of radioactive isoprenoid alcohols. Tyrosine was approximately 3 times as effective as phenylalanine in labeling CoQ9 in vitro and approximately twice as effective as acetate. Incorporation of label into CoQ9 from the aromatic amino acids was little affected by addition of 5 mM nonradioactive mevalonate, whereas that from acetate-1-14C was inhibited 95% by means of isotope dilution. These findings support the dual origin of the side chain and aromatic portion of CoQ9 and indicate the feasibility of studying its biosynthesis in vitro.
Chinese Medicine in Conte porary China: Plurality and Synthesis

Chinese Medicine in Conte porary China: Plurality and Synthesis. Volker Scheid. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002. 407 pp.
The Pre-telescopic Treatment of the Phases and Apparent Size of Venus

La theorie de Ptolemee et Copernic concernant la position de Venus s'est revelee exacte. Cependant, les observations au telescope ont demontre l'existence de phases de lumiere, et la surestimation de la taille de la planete
Evaluation of fungal lactic acid accumulation using glycerol as the sole carbon source

This study investigated the glycerol utilization for lactic acid accumulation by the filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae 9363 and compared it with the conventional carbon source glucose. No lactic acid accumulated in the glycerol media at 30°C, in contrast to the glucose media. Increasing the temperature from 30 to 37°C led to a 63% decrease in the average growth rate of R. oryzae in glycerol media and a 61% increase in the average cell mass yield, and the cultures on glycerol media at 37°C were able to generate 0.6 g/L lactic acid. While, raising temperature significantly inhibited lactic acid production on glucose media. Moreover, supplementing cultures with sodium pyruvate significantly improved the lactic acid synthesis of R. oryzae on glycerol media, with lactic acid concentrations reaching 1.33 g/L at 37°C and 0.67 g/L at 30°C, respectively. Our results indicate that glycerol utilization for lactic acid accumulation by Rhizopus sp. is limited by the availability of intracellular pyruvate, and controlling pyruvate flow is a key to enhancing the lactic acid accumulation.
Multi-microgrid energy systems operation incorporating distribution-interline power flow controller

Abstract Innovative power electronic devices such as distribution-interline power flow controller (D-IPFC) can be utilized to improve the operating performance of power distribution systems. In this paper, a power injection model is presented to formulate the D-IPFC operation in distribution grids. The proposed power injection model keeps original symmetry of the impedance matrix as well as system equations which facilitates power flow calculations. Then, a centralized multi-objective optimization algorithm is formulated to optimally coordinate multi-microgrids (MMGs) through D-IPFC. The final optimal operating point of MMG is a trade-off between minimization of operating cost, voltage profile deviation, and feeder congestion. To guarantee voltage stability of the system, a voltage security constraint is considered in the optimization problem. The proposed algorithm improves flexibility of the active distribution grids which is essential for resilient smart power grids. A typical MMG and a spider diagram are applied to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Synthesis and thermoelectric properties of Cu excess Cu2ZnSnSe4

Quaternary stannites with an excess of copper were successfully synthesized by reacting the constituent elements and subsequent solid state annealing, followed by densification by hot-pressing. The composition for each specimen was confirmed with a combination of Rietveld refinement and elemental analysis. Their high temperature thermoelectric properties were measured from 300 K to 800 K and compared with that of Cu2ZnSnSe4. The thermal conductivity decreases significantly with increasing Cu content at elevated temperatures due to the crystal structure of this material system. A maximum ZT value of 0.86 was obtained at 800 K for the specimen with the highest Cu content, Cu2.2Zn0.8SnSe4.