cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal lipid accumulation from oxidized low density lipoprotein is correlated with hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus and trans-Golgi network

Lipid accumulation within macrophages is a ma- jor sequelae of atherosclerosis. Much of this lipid accumu- lation occurs within large, swollen lysosomes. We analyzed lipid accumulation in cultured macrophages using oxidized or acetylated low density lipoprotein (LDL) as the loading agent. Pigeon macrophages incubated for 48 h with mildly oxidized pigeon LDL (TBARS 5 5-10 nmol/mg protein) showed significant increases in cellular cholesterol com- pared with untreated controls. Forty-eight percent of the in- creased cholesterol occurred as unesterified cholesterol. Treated cells had lipid-swollen lysosomes similar to those of atherosclerotic foam cells. The increase in lysosomal lipid was accompanied (correlation coefficient of 0.96) by in- creases in acid phosphatase staining cisternae of the Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN). THP-1 macrophages incu- bated with oxidized LDL showed similar lysosomal loading and Golgi/TGN hypertrophy. In contrast, macrophages incubated with acetylated LDL accumulated signifi cant amounts of cholesterol but the increase occurred as choles- teryl ester (81% in pigeons) within cytoplasmic droplets and there was no associated increase in acid phosphatase-con- taining cisternae of Golgi or TGN. The correlation in both pigeon and THP-1 macrophages of oxidized LDL-in- duced lysosomal lipid accumulation and Golgi hypertrophy suggests a linkage of these two phenomena. This implicates intracellular membrane trafficking as a possible defect in foam cells of the atherosclerotic lesion.— Jerome, W. G., C. Cash, R. Webber, R. Horton, and P. G. Yancey. Lysosomal lipid accumulation from oxidizied low density lipoprotein is correlated with hypertrophy of the Golgi apparatus and trans-Golgi network. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 1362-1371.
Short-range precision navigation and tracking system

A precision ranging system, utilizing a phase-locked loop (PLL), has been developed for use in high-accuracy short-range navigation and tracking. Initial studies and laboratory experimentation indicate that an accuracy of 0.1 m is within feasibility limits. The system utilizes a PLL to maintain a constant phase relationship between the modulation of the carrier frequency of a master station and the return signal from a fixed position repeater station. The fixed phase relation implies that as range varies, the modulation frequency varies inversely. Range measurement is determined by means of frequency measurement.
The new front-end electronics for the ATLAS tile calorimeter phase 2 upgrade

We present the design for the new read out system being developed for the Phase 2 Upgrade of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter. The front-end electronics will be replaced to address the increase in beam energy and luminosity planned for the LHC around 2023, as well as to upgrade to faster, more modern components with higher radiation tolerance. The new electronics will operate dead-timelessly, providing calorimeter data at full granularity from each beam crossing to the data acquisition system that resides off-detector in the USA15 counting room. The new electronics contains five main parts: the Front End Boards that connect directly to the photo-multiplier tubes; the Main Boards that digitize the data; the Daughter Boards that collect the data streams and contain the high-speed optical communication links for writing data to the data acquisition system; a programmable high voltage control system; and a low-voltage power supply. There are different options for implementing these subcomponents, which will be described. The new system contains new features, including power system redundancy, data processing redundancy, 4 × 10 Gbps optical links, and a Kintex-7 FPGA with single-event upset mitigation. To date, we have built a Demonstrator — a fully-functional prototype of the new system. The system and current status will be described, and plans going forward will be presented.
Attribution of Justice in White-Collar Crime: The Impact of Acculturation and Ethnocentrism on Perceived Justness

This study examined the effect of ethnocentrism, acculturation, prescriptive (the subjects ideal view of justice) versus descriptive justice (the subjects perception of justice as it actually occurs) on perceived justice in white-collar crime. Also investigated was the impact of situational outcomes (related or not), and good or bad outcomes on the perceived justness of the situation. Main effects partially support the hypotheses that: 1) ethnocentrism impacts perceived justice in office crime situations, 2) subject acculturation impacts the perceived justness the character, and 3) the outcome of a crime incident impacts the perceived justness of the situation.The effects of ethnocentrism, various outcomes, and acculturation provide an insight into the complex process of perceived justice. The findings in this study do not clearly support the findings of Starr, Sloan, and Kudrick (1997) or the findings of Lee, Pepitone, and Albright (1997) but tentatively substantiated some of the hypotheses presented. Although the findings may have supported the operation of non-chance factors, this is unclear. The manipulations did seem to work (at least modestly), but the subjects in this study did not seem to respond clearly to the stimulus materials as expected.
Transparent self-cleaning coating applicable to solar energy consisting of nano-crystals of titanium dioxide in fluorine doped tin dioxide

Abstract A novel self-cleaning coating on soda-lime glass was obtained from a dispersion of titanium dioxide nanocrystals in an ethanolic solution of cis-di(ethyl formate) tetrachloride tin and ammonium bifluoride. Applying this suspension via spray pyrolysis to the glass substrate at 500 °C, resulted in the fluorine doped tin dioxide (FTO) coating with embedded titanium dioxide nano particles. The coating was thin enough so that the transmission of light through the coated glass is similar to uncoated glass in the visible region (350–800 nm). The FTO/titanium dioxide coated glass exhibits photocatalytic activity on exposure to ultraviolet light in a laboratory setting and when placed outdoors in natural sunlight. A preliminary field test was conducted where samples of uncoated glass and FTO/titanium dioxide coated glass where placed outdoor side-by-side for six months. Uncoated glass samples became soiled resulting in a decreased transparency to circa 74–67%T at 525 nm (90%T at 525 nm when clean). In contrast the coated glass samples decreased only slightly to circa 86%T at 580 nm (88%T at 525 nm when clean).
Systematic Design of PBL: Exploring the Design Experiences and Support Needs of PBL Novices in an Online Environment

Designing problem-based learning (PBL), especially blended PBL, is very different from designing traditional teacher-centered instruction and requires a new set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. To be successful, teachers must step out of their comfort zone, adopt new roles and responsibilities, and develop new knowledge and skills required in PBL environments as well as technology integration skills. The purpose of this study was threefold: (a) to examine the difficulties and challenges that PBL novices faced as they designed their first blended PBL in an online environment, (b) to explore effective strategies for supporting PBL novices in the design process, and (c) to examine the impact of PBL design experience on PBL novices’ perceptions of PBL. The researcher collected qualitative data from multiple sources, including an online survey, initial design documents, feedback meeting notes, revised design documents, and reflection papers. The findings of this study provide practical insights into how to support PBL novices in designing blended PBL. The implications for teacher professional development, especially online professional development, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Optimization of Subdivision Invariant Tetrahedra

While two-dimensional triangles are always subdivision invariant, the same does not always hold for their three-dimensional counterparts. We consider several interesting properties of those three-dimensional tetrahedra which are subdivision invariant and offer them a new classification. Moreover, we study the optimization of these tetrahedra, arguing that the second Sommerville tetrahedra are the closest to being regular and are optimal by many measures. Anisotropic subdivision invariant tetrahedra with high aspect ratios are characterized. Potential implications and applications of our findings are also discussed.
What do eyes reveal about the mind

We address the question of inferring the search target from fixation behavior in visual search. Such inference is possible since during search, our attention and gaze are guided toward visual features similar to those in the search target. We strive to answer two fundamental questions: what are the most powerful algorithmic principles for this task, and how does their performance depend on the amount of available eye movement data and the complexity of the target objects? In the first two experiments, we choose a random-dot search paradigm to eliminate contextual influences on search. We present an algorithm that correctly infers the target pattern up to 50 times as often as a previously employed method and promises sufficient power and robustness for interface control. Moreover, the current data suggest a principal limitation of target inference that is crucial for interface design: if the target pattern exceeds a certain spatial complexity level, only a subpattern tends to guide the observers' eye movements, which drastically impairs target inference. In the third experiment, we show that it is possible to predict search targets in natural scenes using pattern classifiers and classic computer vision features significantly above chance. The availability of compelling inferential algorithms could initiate a new generation of smart, gaze-controlled interfaces and wearable visual technologies that deduce from their users' eye movements the visual information for which they are looking. In a broader perspective, our study shows directions for efficient intent decoding from eye movements. HighlightsProviding a unified theoretical framework for intent decoding using eye movements.Proposing two new algorithms for search target inference from fixations.Studying the impact of target complexity in search performance and target inference.Sharing a large collection of code and data to promote future research in this area.
Network-on-Chip-Enabled Multicore Platforms for Parallel Model Predictive Control

Internet-of-Things architecture aims to provide smart connectivity not only with existing computers, but also with new context-aware computing resources, extending soon beyond von Neumann devices for the purpose of mining, prediction, and control of cyber and physical components. These cyber-physical systems (CPSs) not only lead to the accumulation of large amounts of data that can be used to build comprehensive mathematical models, but also raise the quest for real-time analysis and control in diverse application domains, such as environment, healthcare, avionics, smart interconnected automobiles, and smart buildings. Endowing the CPS with a higher degree of distributed smartness and cognition (adaptation) to process massive amounts of data requires efficient control modules. In addition, the prohibitive nature of power consumption, data movement, and memory bandwidth issues calls for a shift of processing the decision-making strategies from within large supercomputing centers closer to the actual sensing site via many distributed networks-on-chip (NoCs)-based multicore platforms. Toward this end, in this paper, we propose an efficient NoC-based multicore architecture capable of solving large-scale nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) problems. By carefully analyzing the spatiotemporal workload characteristics of the NMPC problems, we propose the design of an efficient NoC architecture. Our proposed NoC architecture achieves up to 29% improvement in latency and 28% improvement in energy dissipation over the conventional mesh NoC-based counterpart.
Self-Healing Multiphase Polymers via Dynamic Metal–Ligand Interactions

A new self-healing multiphase polymer is developed in which a pervasive network of dynamic metal–ligand (zinc–imidazole) interactions are programmed in the soft matrix of a hard/soft two-phase brush copolymer system. The mechanical and dynamic properties of the materials can be tuned by varying a number of molecular parameters (e.g., backbone/brush degree of polymerization and brush density) as well as the ligand/metal ratio. Following mechanical damage, these thermoplastic elastomers show excellent self-healing ability under ambient conditions without any intervention.
Fatal Taxus baccata ingestion with perimortem serum taxine B quantification

Introduction: Common yew (Taxus baccata) is a common decorative evergreen shrub with potentially fatal toxicity hallmarked by seizure, arrhythmia and cardiovascular collapse if ingested. Taxine B h...
Adaptive Transformation of Positive Valued Continuous Outcomes in SAS

This chapter describes how to use the ypower macro for adaptive regression modeling accounting for fractional polynomial transformation of positive valued univariate and multivariate continuous outcomes as well as their predictors as also covered in Chap. 6. Example code and output are provided for analyzing the univariate outcome plasma beta-carotene levels for 314 subjects in terms of their fiber intake and vitamin usage and the multivariate outcome dental measurements for 27 children in terms of their age and gender. Practice exercises are also provided for conducting analyses similar to those presented in Chaps. 6 and 7.
MobiBar: An autonomous deployment algorithm for barrier coverage with mobile sensors ☆

Critical homeland security applications, such as international border surveillance and zone monitoring in case of biological attacks, require the timely creation of a barrier of sensors along the border to be monitored. Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks have the potential to meet the desired coverage requirements, by exploiting the device coordination and self-deployment capabilities. However the design of effective and efficient algorithms is challenging. In this paper we propose MobiBar, an autonomous deployment algorithm for k-barrier coverage with mobile sensors. MobiBar coordinates sensor movements in order to construct k distinct complete barriers and to ensure the desired level of redundancy. We formally prove that MobiBar terminates in a finite time and that the final deployment provides the maximum level of barrier coverage with the available sensors. Furthermore, we show that MobiBar is able to self-reconfigure and self-heal the network to deal with dynamic coverage requirements and sudden sensor failures. We study the performance of MobiBar by means of simulations. Results show that it achieves performance close to centralized solutions and it outperforms recent distributed approaches with respect to several performance metrics.
Protein Mimic Hydrophobicity Affects Intracellular Delivery but not Cargo Binding

Protein transduction domain mimics (PTDMs) enable cellular uptake of macromolecular cargo such as proteins and nucleic acids. The presence of hydrophobic domains in PTDMs has been shown to enhance cargo uptake, but the role of hydrophobicity in PTDM-binding of the desired cargo is not fully understood. Herein, block copolymer PTDMs composed of varying hydrophobic monomers were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to probe the effect that increasingly hydrophobic side chains had on binding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). PTDM-facilitated cellular uptake of EGFP into Jurkat T cells was performed to assess the correlation between binding, hydrophobicity, and delivery. Binding studies demonstrated that all PTDMs bound EGFP similarly despite a five log difference in monomer Kow (octanol-water partition coefficient) and that intermediately hydrophobic PTDMs facilitated higher cellular uptake of EGFP. Taken as a whole, hydrophobicity of the PTDM is a better predictor of effective delivery in Jurkat T cells than cargo binding.
Antifreeze Mechanistic Study of Ice Binding Proteins (IBPS) through VT Epr Study on Spin Labeled IBPs

Ice binding proteins (IBPs) bind to the surfaces of seed ice crystals to inhibit their growths and recrystallizations which prevents cell damages in IBP producing organisms. We have studied the mechanism of ice growth inhibition by VT EPR techniques on spin labeled type I IBPs at different sites along its α-helical structure. The spin labeled IBPs were achieved through method of cysteine-substitution mutagenesis and alteration of the sulfhydryl groups with nitroxide spin labels. Combination of the EPR spectra at low temperatures and observation of their inhibitions to the growths of ice crystals gives us insight into their antifreeze mechanism on both a molecular scale and microscopic scale. This poster will focus on presenting the EPR experimental results, while another poster of my research lab will focus on the observation on ice crystals inhibited by the spin labeled IBPs. Categorization of molecular motion regimes of the spin labeling groups among fast, intermediate, slow and anisotropic tumblings were determined through the VT EPR spectra which in turn reveal the water/ice surroundings along the different sites of the spin labeled IBPs at various low temperatures.
Total variation and cheeger cuts

In this work, inspired by (Buhler & Hein, 2009), (Strang, 1983), and (Zhang et al., 2009), we give a continuous relaxation of the Cheeger cut problem on a weighted graph. We show that the relaxation is actually equivalent to the original problem. We then describe an algorithm for finding good cuts suggested by the similarities of the energy of the relaxed problem and various well studied energies in image processing. Finally we provide experimental validation of the proposed algorithm, demonstrating its efficiency in finding high quality cuts.
Data Integration and Predictive Modeling Methods for Multi-Omics Datasets

Translating data to knowledge and actionable insights is the Holy Grail for many scientific fields, including biology. The unprecedented massive and heterogeneous data have created as many challenges to store, process and analyze as the opportunities and promises they hold. Here, we provide an overview of these opportunities and challenges in multi-omics predictive analytics.
Nanoscale Nonlinear Circuit Elements at Optical Frequencies

We extend the concept of circuit elements at optical frequencies to include cubic nonlinearity. Based on the perturbation approach to compute the local field for a nonlinear three-dimensional inclusion embedded in a linear host, we extract the equivalent nonlinear impedance of a nanosphere. The results reveal an enhancement in the nonlinearity of the nanosphere due to the local field enhancement while a similar phenomenon was previously reported for composites with nanoparticle inclusions. We also introduce the nonlinear polarizability for a nanosphere. These results can be used in design of different nonlinear devices for optical applications.
Better Caching in Search Advertising Systems with Rapid Refresh Predictions

To maximize profit and connect users to relevant products and services, search advertising systems use sophisticated machine learning algorithms to estimate the revenue expectations of thousands of matching ad listings per query. These machine learning computations constitute a substantial part of the operating cost, e.g., 10% to 30% of the total gross revenues. It is desirable to cache and reuse previous computation results to reduce this cost, but caching introduces approximation which comes with potential revenue loss. To maximize cost savings while minimizing the overall revenue impact, an intelligent refresh policy is required to decide when to refresh the cached computation results. The state-of-the-art manually-tuned refresh heuristic uses revenue history to assign different refresh frequencies. Using the gradient boosting regression tree algorithm with well selected features, we introduce a rapid prediction framework that provides refresh decisions at higher accuracy compared to the heuristic. This enables us to build a prediction-based refresh policy and a cache achieving higher profit without manual parameter tuning. Simulations conducted on the logs from a major commercial search advertising system show that our proposed cache design reduces the negative revenue impact (0.07x), and improves the cost savings (1.41x) and the net profit (1.50~1.70x) compared to the state-of-the-art manually-tuned heuristic-based cache design.
The Art of Life in South Africa by Daniel Magaziner, and: Sociology in South Africa: Colonial, Apartheid, and Democratic Forms by R. Sooryamoorthy, and: Transforming Science in South Africa: Development, Collaboration, and Productivity by R. Sooryamoorthy (review)

Magaziner, Daniel. The Art of Life in South Africa . Athens: Ohio University Press, 2016. Sooryamoorthy, R. Sociology in South Africa: Colonial, Apartheid, and Democratic Forms . London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Sooryamoorthy, R. Transforming Science in South Africa: Development, Collaboration, and Productivity . London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
Russell's Scientific Realism

The entry on "realism" in Baldwin's Dictionary notes that the term has two significant but distinct meanings in philosophy. In the older sense, it is a "logicalmetaphysical" theory about the nature of universals and their relation to particulars. In the more modern sense, it is an "epistemological-metaphysical" theory which holds that "reality exists apart from its presentation to, or conception by, consciousness." Russell was a realist in both these senses. In this paper, I focus, for the most part, on the development of Russell's realism in the second sense from 1910 to 1915. After abandoning idealism in 1901, Russell became, and professed to remain, a realist. But a consistent picture of what he took realism to entail is not easy to come by. Part of the problem is that Russell used the term "realism" in several different senses throughout the period of interest. In Our Knowledge of the External World, we can discern at least four distinct notions of "real". In the following, I examine what Russell has to say about the concept of reality and its correlate "existence" especially with regard to the question of determining the respective ontological status of sense-data and physical objects. It is sometimes suggested that Russell abandoned realism, at least with respect to physical objects, during his constructivist phase. I think this is a mistake based on a failure to appreciate the multidimensionality of Russell's view of "realism". I do not, however, pretend that what I have to say here is the final word. It is, at best, a good beginning. I shall proceed by examining, in order of publication, five key works by Russell during the period: "Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description", The Problems ofPhilosophy, Our Knowledge, "The Relation of Sense-Data to Physics"~ and "The Ultimate Constituents of Matter". The primary object is to try to tease out Russell's position vis-a-vis scientific realism, which I here take to be, minimally, the view that the theoretical entities of well-confirmed theories exist and are real.
Chronic childhood disorders: prevalence and impact.

The authors review what is currently known about the prevalence of a wide variety of chronic disorders in childhood, with an emphasis upon significant recent areas of change and the implications of these changes.
Oncogene Addiction: Mouse Models and Clinical Relevance for Molecularly Targeted Therapies

Cancer results from the dysregulation of pathways controlling the growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival of tumor cells, as well as fundamental alterations in the manner in which cells interact with their microenvironment (Hanahan and Weinberg 2000). Several lines of evidence suggest that these alterations are due to the accumulation of multiple mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that disrupt their normal function or regulation. These mutations provide a selective advantage to the cells in which they occur, leading to their expansion and clinical manifestation as a tumor.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection masquerading as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a case report.

Background Although obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most likely cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), nearly one in 20 individuals with clinical myocardial infarction (MI) do not have obstructive CAD. For many such individuals, presentation of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy frequently mimics presentation of MI, though spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized aetiology of MI in women. Case summary This case report describes a woman with chest pain, found to have non-obstructive CAD on angiogram and left ventricular apical dysfunction on echocardiogram raising suspicion for Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Additional suspicion for SCAD led to coronary CT angiogram (CCTA) which ultimately confirmed this diagnosis. Discussion Familiarity with a differential diagnosis for non-obstructive CAD is less common than that for obstructive coronary disease. This case emphasizes the clinical features that should raise suspicion for SCAD when Takotsubo is presumed and outlines the clinical utility of CCTA in making this diagnosis when angiography is unrevealing.
Operational risk assessment model for marine vessels

Abstract This paper presents a practical approach to quantify the risk associated with different systems in a marine vessel using the existing operational database. A structured bow-tie methodology is proposed to assess risk. The first step was the development of probable failure scenarios for four different events, namely, fire and explosion, propulsion engine failure, power failure, and maneuverability failure. The second step includes the formulation of corresponding bow-tie models representing these scenarios using vessel configuration and process information. Using the failure data for different elements obtained from the vessel's maintenance logbook and incident records, the frequency of events and failure rates of the safety barriers are estimated to quantify risk. Operational data from the vessel, a single engine ice-breaker bulk career navigating mainly in the Canadian sub-arctic region, validated the proposed model. The methodology is verified by comparing the model's observations with an alternative dataset (actual failure scenario from the ship). The proposed methodology is expected to serve as a useful tool for marine vessel's safety and risk management.
Induction of sterile type 2 inflammation

Microparticle debris from prosthetic implants has been shown to induce a type 2 inflammatory response through a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase-dependent signalling pathway.
Reporting of Pancreatico-biliary Cytopathology

Until recently, there was no standardized reporting system for pancreatico-biliary cytology. In 2014, the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (Pap Society) published guidelines for reporting of pancreatico-biliary cytology. These guidelines were developed by a multidisciplinary group of experts following review of literature and discussion through an interactive Web-based forum and presentation at national and international meetings. The Pap Society reporting scheme includes six diagnostic categories: nondiagnostic, negative, atypical, neoplastic, suspicious for malignancy, and positive. The “neoplastic” category is further subdivided into “neoplastic: benign” and “neoplastic: other.” The premalignant neoplastic mucinous cysts and low-grade neoplasms of the pancreas are categorized as “neoplastic: other.” These categories correlate with the biologic behavior of the various neoplastic and nonneoplastic entities and have been shown to be associated with a risk of malignancy that increases from the negative to the malignant category. These guidelines emphasize a multidisciplinary approach, i.e., incorporating the clinical presentation, the imaging and ultrasound findings, results of cyst fluid biochemistry, and molecular analysis in formulating a cytologic diagnosis. This chapter will discuss the Pap Society nomenclature for pancreatico-biliary cytology and its practical application in daily practice.
Health-Related Mobile Phone-Based Programs and Health-Care Utilization by Mothers of Infants: An Integrative Review

The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize current research evidence on the effects of health-related mobile phone programs on health-care utilization by mothers of infants. A medical librarian in a university setting completed the computerized literature search in December 2018. Electronic databases searched were PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and PsycINFO. Inclusion criteria were: (a) population of mothers of infants (birth to 12 months); (b) mobile phone technology health-care interventions such as text messages, blasts, on-line discussion, social media, and self-help apps; (c) health-care utilization outcomes such as hospitalizations, emergency room visits, urgent care visits, clinic visits, and immunizations; and (d) empirical studies conducted in the USA. Exclusion criteria were: (a) publications written in a language other than English; (b) publications not in journals; (c) non-research; (d) abstract-only publications; (e) dissertations, opinion publications, case studies, and theoretical articles; (f) publications before 2000; and (g) publications from predatory journals. Following the computerized search and hand search of the literature, four articles were included in the final analysis. All studies using health-related mobile phone-based programs demonstrated a positive effect on health-care utilization outcomes. Mobile phone-based programs increased adherence to follow-up appointments for mothers or their infants as well as immunizations and vaccination rates. These programs were associated with decreased emergency room visits and hospitalizations. Because there is a paucity of studies about health-related mobile phone programs on health-care utilization by mothers of infants, the authors advocate for additional studies in this area.
The Need for Support, Learning Environments, and Technology Use

Children with ASD have to overcome more problems than most of their neurotypical peers; they struggle with sensory issues, communication, social skills deficits, and challenging behavior. Ordinary environments can become overwhelming or painful because of a hypersensitive or hyposensitive sensory system. The information most people filter effortlessly becomes an overload, and many times this leads to anxiety, stress, and frustration. Coping with any environment can be difficult, and instructional environments can be especially challenging because of the demands that are placed on the learner. In order to help a learner with ASD achieve and thrive in an instructional setting, knowledgeable teachers, support systems for communication, positive social interaction, and a structured learning environment are needed. Stimulus overselectivity, cognitive inflexibility, stereotypical behaviors, communication difficulties, a lack of academic motivation, the inability to take the perspective of another, and social skills deficits are challenges reviewed in this chapter. Support for these areas must be provided for success in an instructional environment. In addition, the instructional setting must be learner-centered, flexible, accommodating, and created using the following best practices for effective educational practice: individualized support, services for families, systematic instruction, family involvement, and other components discussed in the literature (Iovannone et al. 2003).
Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia

Supraventricular tachycardias arise in or involve at least some part of the atrium or atrioventricular junction. Supraventricular tachycardias develop as a result of abnormal automaticity, triggered activity or, most commonly, reentry. Both atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation are supraventricular tachycardias; however, because of the differences in their mechanisms and clinical manifestations, they are grouped separately from other types of supraventricular tachycardias, commonly referred to as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT).
An approach to upgrading the beam transport system at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

We present an approach to upgrading the beam transport system at the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer. These upgrades together will provide consistent beam transport, improve fringe contrast by preserving beam wavefront, reduce tracking errors by increasing the frequency response of the tracker, and automatically realign the entire transport train after thermal drift over the course of nightly observations. The beam transport system passively redirects stellar light from the telescope output to the fast delay line through a train of flat mirrors. This multi-mirror transport train reduces wavefront preservation due to stack-up of surface flatness errors. We demonstrated previously by using a contour-conformable mirror instead of one of the flats in the train that a 63% improvement in wavefront flatness is achievable. Also, the 25 Hz tracker is replaced by a 100 Hz tracker to further stabilize the trajectory during observations. Finally, we include an auto-aligner to systematically realign the entire beam transport system from thermal drifts. This is necessary for long baseline interferometry with short drift time constants. The beam transport system is common to all front ends (telescopes and siderostats), beam delay, and back-ends (beam combiners and detectors). These three upgrades expand the utility of the NPOI from a relatively short 97 m baseline interferometer to its full reconfigurable 437 m baselines and allow consistent beam transport with various potential experimental telescope front ends and beam combiner back-ends. In this paper, we describe our three-pronged upgrade approach, experimental method and results, and recommendations.
Memory at the margins: Antipsychotic enhances the binding of fear memory with its context

A nontraditional antipsychotic medication enhances healthy memory function in a mouse model of fear conditioning.
Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks: a meta-analysis

Increasing the quantity and quality of plant biomass production in space and time can improve the capacity of agroecosystems to capture and store atmospheric carbon (C) in the soil. Cover cropping is a key practice to increase system net primary productivity (NPP) and increase the quantity of high-quality plant residues available for integration into soil organic matter (SOM). Cover crop management and local environmental conditions, however, influence the magnitude of soil C stock change. Here, we used a comprehensive meta-analysis approach to quantify the effect of cover crops on soil C stocks from the 0-30 cm soil depth in temperate climates and to identify key management and ecological factors that impact variation in this response. A total of 40 publications with 181 observations were included in the meta-analysis representing six countries across three different continents. Overall, cover crops had a strong positive effect on soil C stocks (P 7 Mg·ha-1 ·yr-1 ) resulted in 30% higher total soil C stocks than lower levels of biomass production. Managing for greater NPP by improving synchronization in cover crop growing windows and climate will enhance the capacity of this practice to drawdown carbon dioxide (CO2 ) from the atmosphere across agroecosystems. The integration of growing window (potentially as a proxy for biomass growth), climate, and soil factors in decision-support tools are relevant for improving the quantification of soil C stock change under cover crops, particularly with the expansion of terrestrial soil C markets.
Interpreting the Wigner-Eckart Theorem.

Abstract The Wigner–Eckart theorem is central to the application of symmetry principles throughout atomic, molecular, and nuclear physics. Nevertheless, the theorem has a puzzling feature: it is dispensable for solving problems within these domains, since elementary methods suffice. To account for the significance of the theorem, I first contrast it with an elementary approach to calculating matrix elements. Next, I consider three broad strategies for interpreting the theorem: conventionalism, fundamentalism, and conceptualism. I argue that the conventionalist framework is unnecessarily pragmatic, while the fundamentalist framework requires more ontological commitments than necessary. Conceptualism avoids both defects, accounting for the theorem’s significance in terms of how it epistemically restructures the calculation of matrix elements. Specifically, the Wigner–Eckart theorem modularizes and unifies matrix element problems, thereby changing what we need to know to solve them.
A genome-scale metabolic model of anabaena 33047 to guide genetic modifications to overproduce nylon monomers

Nitrogen fixing-cyanobacteria can significantly improve the economic feasibility of cyanobacterial production processes by eliminating the requirement for reduced nitrogen. Anabaena sp. ATCC 33047 is a marine, heterocyst forming, nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria with a very short doubling time of 3.8 h. We developed a comprehensive genome-scale metabolic (GSM) model, iAnC892, for this organism using annotations and content obtained from multiple databases. iAnC892 describes both the vegetative and heterocyst cell types found in the filaments of Anabaena sp. ATCC 33047. iAnC892 includes 953 unique reactions and accounts for the annotation of 892 genes. Comparison of iAnC892 reaction content with the GSM of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 revealed that there are 109 reactions including uptake hydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and pyruvate-formate lyase unique to iAnC892. iAnC892 enabled the analysis of energy production pathways in the heterocyst by allowing the cell specific deactivation of light dependent electron transport chain and glucose-6-phosphate metabolizing pathways. The analysis revealed the importance of light dependent electron transport in generating ATP and NADPH at the required ratio for optimal N2 fixation. When used alongside the strain design algorithm, OptForce, iAnC892 recapitulated several of the experimentally successful genetic intervention strategies that over produced valerolactam and caprolactam precursors.
Total and class-specific analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in environmental samples using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Abstract This study reveals unique information that fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (19F-NMR) spectroscopy provides in the analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Our results demonstrate that the intensity of the terminal -CF3 signal can be used to determine the total PFASs regardless of headgroup. Characteristic chemical shifts of different classes of PFASs can also be observed, and are useful for differentiating between classes of PFAS. The NMR spectra of PFASs with ether linkages (e.g. GenX) show characteristic reference signals for both -CF2 and -CF3 signals that are useful for detection. Notably, 19F-NMR can differentiate between PFASs, non-PFAS, and F− ions, eliminating the need for sample clean-up even for complex samples. To illustrate this, the 19F-NMR spectra of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in biosolids extract and in clean solvent spiked with PFOS standard were compared, and showed a difference of
Uncovering the Intricacies of the Clinical Intake Assessment: How Clinicians Prioritize Information in Complex Contexts

AbstractObjective: Based on a single intake interview, mental health clinicians must distill their assessment to brief statements reflecting essential information. We explored how clinicians organi...
Benjamin Franklin and the Reasonableness of Christianity

While much has been written on Benjamin Franklin's view of religion, less has been written on his Christian theology. This article first situates Franklin as an important figure in the religious Enlightenment, connecting his own view of philosophy to his teachings on Christian revelation. Providing historical context on the subscription debates, it then gives a comprehensive treatment of Franklin's Christian theology in the 1735 Hemphill affair. New scholarship on Franklin's transatlantic sources confirms that, far from attempting to undermine Christianity, he appealed to popular European writers in an attempt to bend it to reasonable ends. Moreover, Franklin's own views on church polity and liturgy developed over time. As he rose from a middling artisan to political power, he saw both the need for religious appeals and the threat that competing sects posed to political unity. His focus shifted from religious freedoms in private associations to institutionalizing elements of Christian teachings in education, charity, commerce, and defense. His experiences with rigid Presbyterian orthodoxy and chaotic New Light enthusiasm also awakened him to the need for more reasonable forms of worship, and he set to the task of experimenting with Christian liturgies to achieve both the tranquility of parishioners’ minds and social unity.
Host Genotype and Tissue Type Determine DWV Infection Intensity

Varroa mite-vectored viruses such as Deformed wing virus (DWV) are of great concern for honey bee health as they can cause disease in individuals and increase colony mortality. Two genotypes of DWV (A & B) are prevalent in the United States and may have differential virulence and pathogenicity. Honey bee genetic stocks bred to resist Varroa mites also exhibit differential infection responses to the Varroa mite-vectored viruses. The goal of this project was to determine if interactions between host genotype could influence the overall infection levels and dissemination of DWV within honey bees. To do this, we injected DWV isolated from symptomatic adult bees into mite-free, newly emerged adult bees from five genetic stocks with varying levels of resistance to Varroa mites. We measured DWV-A and DWV-B dissemination among tissues chosen based on relevance to general health outcomes for ten days. Injury from sham injections did not increase DWV-A levels but did increase DWV-B infections. DWV injection increased both DWV-A and DWV-B levels over time with significant host stock interactions. While we did not observe any differences in viral dissemination among host stocks, we found differences in virus genotype dissemination to different body parts. DWV-A exhibited the highest initial levels in heads and legs while the highest initial levels of DWV-B were found in heads and abdomens. These interactions underscore the need to evaluate viral genotype and tissue specificity in conjunction with host genotype, particularly when the host has been selected for traits relative to virus-vector and virus resistance.
Evaluating the effectiveness of Phishing Reports on Twitter.

Phishing attacks are an increasingly potent web-based threat, with nearly 1.5 million websites created on a monthly basis. In this work, we present the first study towards identifying such attacks through phishing reports shared by users on Twitter. We evaluated over 16.4k such reports posted by 701 Twitter accounts between June to August 2021, which contained 11.1k unique URLs, and analyzed their effectiveness using various quantitative and qualitative measures. Our findings indicate that not only do these users share a high volume of legitimate phishing URLs, but these reports contain more information regarding the phishing websites (which can expedite the process of identifying and removing these threats), when compared to two popular open-source phishing feeds: PhishTank and OpenPhish. We also notice that the reported websites had very little overlap with the URLs existing in the other feeds, and also remained active for longer periods of time. But despite having these attributes, we found that these reports have very low interaction from other Twitter users, especially from the domains and organizations targeted by the reported URLs. Moreover, nearly 31% of these URLs were still active even after a week of them being reported, with 27% of them being detected by very few anti-phishing tools, suggesting that a large majority of these reports remain undiscovered, despite the majority of the follower base of these accounts being security focused users. Thus, this work highlights the effectiveness of the reports, and the benefits of using them as an open source knowledge base for identifying new phishing websites.
Reflex modification produced by visual stimuli in the rat following functional decortication

The effect of light prepulses on acoustic startle reflexes in rats was tested after bilateral application of KC1 or saline solutions to the cortex, in a within-subjects design. With saline, the light maximally inhibited reflex expression at lead times of 40–70 msec, with recovery thereafter to 500 msec. In contrast, there was no inhibition with KCl-produced decortication, but the prepulses facilitated reflex expression at lead times of 110 msec and above. The loss of inhibition with KCl reveals that the cortex may directly participate in reflex inhibition produced by visual stimuli, or else must strongly influence subcortical structures essential for their effectiveness. The anomalous appearance of facilitation shows that the decorticate animal processes visual information, but in an atypical fashion. In other experiments, the inhibitory effect of noise prepulses has not been affected by cortical depression. Thus, we conclude that visual processing, not “generic inhibitory processing,” is under cortical control.