cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reassociation and dissociation of cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA.

Abstract The relationship between nuclear DNA and cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA, extracted from a human lymphocyte cell line, was examined by DNA-DNA reannealing and by dissociation of renatured molecules. Up to 2% of the total cellular DNA is found in the cytoplasm as cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA and of this 2%, approximately 70% is comprised of repeated sequences. These sequences are homologous to only about 4% of the repeated sequences of nuclear DNA. The repeat fraction of cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA consists of sequences which are only moderately repeated. The number of copies in the average “family” could range from about 1500 copies to as few as 25 copies. A small rapidly reannealing portion of cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA ( C 0 t −3 ) appears to consist of sequences derived from a single “family”. About 30% of cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA reassociates slowly with a C 0 t 1 2 value of 223 (unique cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA). This fraction has homology with about 11% of the unique sequences of nuclear DNA. However, unique cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA comprises only about 0·6% of the total cellular DNA. If it is assumed that each cell has the same amount of cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA, homology with 11% of the unique sequences of nuclear DNA suggests that different cells may have different unique nucleotide sequences in the cytoplasm.
Technology, Political Economy, and Professionalization: Central Themes of the Organizational Synthesis

In this suggestive essay, Professor Galambos surveys the large number of books and articles, published since 1970, that together point toward a new “organizational synthesis” in American history. Expanding upon an earlier, more tentative essay on the same subject published in the Autumn 1970 issue of the Business History Review, he contrasts the widely disparate postures adopted in recent years by historians studying organizational behavior. His survey reveals a rich diversity of opinion, less reliant than was previous scholarship upon abstractions drawn from the social sciences. This diversity of opinion, Galambos concludes, provides the organizational synthesis with much of its continued vitality, and makes possible “the kind of moral judgments that have always characterized the best historical scholarship.”
South African Indian Fiction: Transformations in Ahmed Essop's Political Ethos

Ahmed Essop’s texts represent the aesthetics of complicity and resistance in apartheid and postapartheid South African Indian literature. His earlier narratives attempt to redeem the diaspora within a nation by building a sense of national belonging through locating a moral foundation of a nation alongside black South Africans. In his later fiction, however, Essop breaks with past representations of interracial solidarity with the majority black population and instead highlights the failures of multicultural democracy in postapartheid South Africa. The diasporic subject is perceived as continuing to disrupt the march of the nation toward democracy due to his/ her race and religious affiliations. Essop’s stories provide the base for the construction and representation of national identity for diasporic Indians and a collective South African history, a history ravaged by the trauma of apartheid, but one that also paradoxically awaits excavation, reexamination, and rewriting in order for a truly egalitarian polity to emerge.
A Model of Uncertainty Reduction in Intercultural Encounters

Uncertainty reduction theory is one of the major theories used to explain interpersonal communication between people of the same culture. The model proffered in this paper extends the theory to account for uncertainty reduction during intercultural encounters. An initial test of the model indicated that it provides a good fit to data provided by students in the United States on their relationships (i.e. acquaintance or friendships) with international students. It is argued, however, that since the model is a straight-forward extension of an interpersonal theory, it may only apply to intercultural encounters where inter-group salience is low and not adequately explain communication in encounters that have high intergroup salience. An elaborated model that integrates uncertainty reduction and ethnolinguistic identity theories, therefore, is suggested.
Models for Excystation

Although the first recorded observation of Giardia trophozoites is generally attributed to Anton van Leeuwenhoek in 1681, the description of cysts of these organisms, and their relation to the flagellated forms, was only made some two centuries later, by Grassi (1879, 1881, 1888) and Perroncito (1887). The actual process of Giardia excystation has apparently only been seen and described in this century.
Effect of chemical mixing state on the hygroscopicity and cloud nucleation properties of calcium mineral dust particles

Abstract. Atmospheric mineral dust particles can alter cloud properties and thus climate by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) that form cloud droplets. The CCN activation properties of various calcium mineral dust particles were studied experimentally to investigate the consequences of field observations showing the segregation of sulphate from nitrate and chloride between individual aged Asian dust particles, and the enrichment of oxalic acid in Asian dust. Each mineral's observed apparent hygroscopicity was primarily controlled by its solubility, which determines the degree to which the mineral's intrinsic hygroscopicity can be expressed. The significant increase in hygroscopicity caused by mixing soluble hygroscopic material with insoluble mineral particles is also presented. Insoluble minerals including calcium carbonate, representing fresh unprocessed dust, and calcium sulphate, representing atmospherically processed dust, had similarly small apparent hygroscopicities. Their activation is accurately described by a deliquescence limit following the Kelvin effect and corresponded to an apparent single-hygroscopicity parameter, κ, of ~0.001. Soluble calcium chloride and calcium nitrate, representing atmospherically processed mineral dust particles, were much more hygroscopic, activating similar to ammonium sulphate with κ~0.5. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (κ=0.05) was significantly less CCN-active than oxalic acid (κ=0.3), but not as inactive as its low solubility would predict. These results indicate that the common assumption that all mineral dust particles become more hygroscopic and CCN-active after atmospheric processing should be revisited. Calcium sulphate and calcium oxalate are two realistic proxies for aged mineral dust that remain non-hygroscopic. The dust's apparent hygroscopicity will be controlled by its chemical mixing state, which is determined by its mineralogy and the chemical reaction pathways it experiences during transport.
How site fidelity leads to individual differences in the foraging activity of harvester ants

We examined how differences in activity among individual foragers of the red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, could arise from site fidelity. Using observations of individually marked foragers, we found that each day most foragers made a few foraging trips, whereas only a few foragers made many trips. To determine whether only particular individuals are capable of high foraging activity, we removed the foragers that made the most foraging trips on 1 day and examined the frequency distribution of foraging the subsequent day. The most active foragers were replaced by other individuals. We then examined site fidelity of foragers. Though foraging trails extend up to 20 m from the nest, observations of marked individuals showed that on successive trips, a forager returns to sites within about 0.5 m. Foraging trip duration depended on search time and not on the distance from the nest of the final destination. Thus, the more food available, the shorter the search time and the shorter the trip. Because foragers return to the same site over and over within a day, a forager making many short trips to a high-quality patch can make more foraging trips per day. Thus, variation in patch quality, rather than individual variation in foraging ability, could produce the observed distribution of trip number. These results show that regulation of foraging in harvester ants does not require any individuals to show others a particular location with abundant food. Instead, a decentralized system of interactions tunes the numbers foraging to current food availability. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
Development of high endothelial venule‐like characteristics in the spiral modiolar vein induced by viral labyrinthitis

The postcapillary venule is known to be the preferred site of lymphocyte migration into the extravascular compartment. In this study, induction of these high endothelial venule (HEV)-like vessels has been investigated by inoculation of live cytomegalovirus or inactivated virus into scala tympani of guinea pig cochleas. Endothelial cells of the spiral modiolar vein (SMV) were evaluated histologically 2 to 6 days following inoculation. The experimental group endothelial cells had larger nuclei and increased amounts of cytoplasm. In addition, many lymphocytes were adherent to and present within the vascular wall. Control SMV endothelia showed normal structure and morphology throughout the study. These findings reiterate that nonlymphoid tissues may develop HEV-like characteristics and suggest that HEV-like morphology may be acquired during an acute inflammatory condition in the cochlea.
Radiation from a monopole excited cone

This paper considers radiation from a finite, right circular, perfectly conducting cone which is excited by a quarter-wave monopole protruding from the center of its base. The cone is assumed to be of a size which places it above the resonance region, making a solution by the geometrical theory of diffraction possible. A formula which allows determination of the tip radiated ray from a semi-infinite cone excited by a uniform, in-phase, magnetic ring current is first derived. This is then used in conjunction with certain other known canonical solutions to obtain a complete solution for the proposed excitation. Radiation patterns, computed on a digital machine from the formulas derived, are compared with measured results and good agreement demonstrated.
Importance of Turning to Renewable Energy Resources with Hydrogen as a Promising Candidate and on-board Storage a Critical Barrier

The majority of the world energy consumption is derived from fossil fuels. Furthermore, the United States (US) consumption of petroleum vastly exceeds its production, with the majority of petroleum being consumed in the transportation sector. The increasing dependency on foreign fuel resources in conjunction with the severe environmental impacts of a petroleum-based society dictates that alternative renewable energy resources be developed. The US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy and the Office of Basic Energy Sciences are currently promoting a vehicular hydrogen-based energy economy. However, none of the current on-board storage technologies are suitable for practical and safe deployment. Significant scientific advancement is therefore still required if a viable on-board storage technology is to be developed. A detailed discussion of the benefits of transitioning to a hydrogen-powered automotive fleet as well as the tremendous technical hurdles faced for the development of an on-board hydrogen storage system are provided here. A novel class of theoretically predicted nanostructured materials that could revolutionize hydrogen storage materials is also presented.
The 'Native' Undefined: Colonial Categories, Anglo-African Status and the Politics of Kinship in British Central Africa, 1929-38

This article examines the categorical problem that persons of ‘mixed-race’ background presented to British administrations in eastern, central and southern Africa during the late 1920s and 1930s. Tracing a discussion regarding the terms ‘native’ and ‘non-native’ from an obscure court case in Nyasaland (contemporary Malawi) in 1929, to the Colonial Office in London, to colonial governments in eastern, central and southern Africa, this article demonstrates a lack of consensus on how the term ‘native’ was to be defined, despite its ubiquitous use. This complication arrived at a particularly crucial period when indirect rule was being implemented throughout the continent. Debate centered largely around the issue of racial descent versus culture as the determining factor. The ultimate failure of British officials to arrive at a clear definition of the term ‘native’, one of the most fundamental terms in the colonial lexicon, is consequently suggestive of both the potential weaknesses of colonial state formation and the abstraction of colonial policy vis-a-vis local empirical conditions. Furthermore, this case study compels a rethinking of contemporary categories of analysis and their historical origins.
Impact of stents on clinical outcomes in percutaneous left main coronary artery revascularization

Despite effective treatment of left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease by coronary bypass, there is still need for treatment of the LMCA due to progression of disease or bypass graft failure. We compared the in-hospital and follow-up (1-year) outcomes of patients with LMCA stenosis treated with stents (n = 88), with a matched group of patients undergoing LMCA non-stent procedures (n = 36). Ninety-seven percent of patients in each group underwent previous coronary bypass. Procedural success (angiographic success without major in-hospital complications) tended to be higher in stent patients than in their non-stent counterparts (98% vs 92%, p = 0.12), and overall procedural complications were higher for the non-stent group (5.4% vs 0%, p = 0.03). The incidence of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction was higher in patients with the LMCA treated with stents than in non-stent patients (13% vs 2.7%, p = 0.09). There was no difference in death or Q-wave myocardial infarction between the 2 groups during follow-up. Overall target lesion revascularization at 1 year was 15% after LMCA stenting, and 18% in non-stent patients (p = 0.71). Also, any cardiac event-free survival (including death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, coronary bypass, or angioplasty) was similar for both groups (78% for stents vs 76% for non-stents, p = 0.85). We conclude that in patients undergoing LMCA interventions, stents reduce major hospital complications, but may not significantly reduce repeat revascularization or major cardiac events at 1 year compared with non-stent LMCA procedures.
Clostridium thermocellum ATCC27405 transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic profiles after ethanol stress

Clostridium thermocellum is a candidate consolidated bioprocessing biocatalyst, which is a microorganism that expresses enzymes for both cellulose hydrolysis and its fermentation to produce fuels such as lignocellulosic ethanol. However, C. thermocellum is relatively sensitive to ethanol compared to ethanologenic microorganisms such as yeast and Zymomonas mobilis that are used in industrial fermentations but do not possess native enzymes for industrial cellulose hydrolysis. In this study, C. thermocellum was grown to mid-exponential phase and then treated with ethanol to a final concentration of 3.9 g/L to investigate its physiological and regulatory responses to ethanol stress. Samples were taken pre-shock and 2, 12, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min post-shock, and from untreated control fermentations for systems biology analyses. Cell growth was arrested by ethanol supplementation with intracellular accumulation of carbon sources such as cellobiose, and sugar phosphates, including fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. The largest response of C. thermocellum to ethanol shock treatment was in genes and proteins related to nitrogen uptake and metabolism, which is likely important for redirecting the cells physiology to overcome inhibition and allow growth to resume. This study suggests possible avenues for metabolic engineering and provides comprehensive, integrated systems biology datasets that will be useful for future metabolic modeling and strain development endeavors.
Big Corrections from a Little Higgs

We calculate the tree-level expressions for the electroweak precision observables in the $\mathrm{SU}(5)/SO(5)$ littlest Higgs model. The source for these corrections are the exchange of heavy gauge bosons and a triplet Higgs vacuum expectation value (VEV). Weak isospin violating contributions are present because there is no custodial $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ global symmetry. The bulk of these weak isospin violating corrections arise from heavy gauge boson exchange while a smaller contribution comes from the triplet Higgs VEV. A global fit is performed to the experimental data and we find that throughout the parameter space the symmetry breaking scale is bounded by $fg4\mathrm{TeV}$ at 95% C.L. Stronger bounds on f are found for generic choices of the high energy gauge couplings. We find that even in the best case scenario one would need fine-tuning of less than a percent to get a Higgs boson mass as light as 200 GeV.
Training/Job Fit and Worker Satisfaction

The importance of having a job different from the one for which one is trained was investigated. A measure of training/job fit was presented and its relationship to satisfaction was tested. Also assessed was whether training/job fit moderated the relationship between social properties of work environments and satisfaction. The data used were from a survey administered to 2,286 military personnel working in 3 7 different United States Army units. The respondents held a wide variety of jobs, and the units were geographically dispersed. Training/job fit was related to satisfaction. Individuals who had jobs which fit their training reported higher levels of satisfaction, however, the relationship accounted for less than 1% of the variance in satisfaction. More substantial differences resulted from the tests of the moderator effects. The explainable variance in satisfaction associated with peer behaviors and group process was substantially higher for individuals not working in jobs which fit their training tha...
Noise control on computer and business equipment using speed controlled blowers

The authors present a method to reduce the noise level of computer and business equipment by the implementation of temperature-controlled variable-speed blowers. The possibility for reducing the noise emission is given by the fact that today's cooling design is mostly based on worst-case environmental conditions (maximum temperature and altitude above sea level) to cover the wide variety of the products' worldwide installations. The potential acoustical benefits of adaptive cooling are significant and would be extremely expensive to attain using conventional path noise-control methods such as mufflers or enclosures. However, it should not be overlooked that the price paid for lower noise levels, in addition to the cost of the controller (which is in most cases balanced by the removal of acoustical treatments), is a possible effect on the reliability of the electronics, since their cooling is no longer overdesigned. >
Voter Affect and the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election: Hope and Race Mattered

American National Election Studies' (ANES) 2008 national survey data were used to explore the effects of pre-election emotional responses to candidates on presidential vote. Consistent with decades of election study findings, party identification was the most influential predictor of vote choice. Nevertheless, self-reported emotional responses to Barack Obama and John McCain, specifically hope, pride, and fear, predicted reported vote choice above and beyond party identification, ideology, and other predictors. In particular, the extent to which respondents reported that Obama made them feel hopeful served as a strong and reliable predictor of voting for Obama. Additionally, implicit preference for Whites over Blacks was a significant predictor of vote choice, robust to the inclusion of standard predictive variables, although not when all of the similarly affective emotion variables were included.
Recurrent back and leg pain and cyst reformation after surgical resection of spinal synovial cysts: systematic review of reported postoperative outcomes.

Abstract Background context With improvements in neurological imaging, there are increasing reports of symptomatic spinal synovial cysts. Surgical excision has been recognized as the definitive treatment for symptomatic juxtafacet cysts. However, the role for concomitant fusion and the incidence of recurrent back pain and recurrent cyst formation after surgery remain unclear. Purpose To determine the cumulative incidence of postoperative symptomatic relief, recurrent back and leg pain after cyst resection and decompression, and synovial cyst recurrence. Study design Systematic review of the literature. Patient sample All published studies to date reporting outcomes of synovial cyst excision with and without spinal fusion. Outcome measures Cyst recurrence and Kawabata, Macnab, Prolo, or Stauffer pain scales. Methods We performed a systematic literature review of all articles published between 1970 and 2009 reporting outcomes after surgical management of spinal synovial cysts. Results Eighty-two published studies encompassing 966 patients were identified and reviewed. Six hundred seventy-two (69.6%) patients presented with radicular pain and 467 (48.3%) with back pain. The most commonly involved spinal level was L4–L5 (75.4%), with only 25 (2.6%) and 12 (1.2%) reported synovial cysts in the cervical or thoracic area, respectively. Eight hundred eleven (84.0%) patients were treated with decompressive surgical excision alone, whereas 155 (16.0%) received additional concomitant spinal fusion. Six hundred fifty-four (92.5%) and 880 (91.1%) patients experienced complete resolution of their back or leg pain after surgery, respectively. By a mean follow-up of 25.4 months, back and leg pain recurred in 155 (21.9%) and 123 (12.7%) patients, respectively. Sixty (6.2%) patients required reoperation, of which the majority (n=47) required fusion for correction of spinal instability and mechanical back pain. Same-level synovial cyst recurrence occurred in 17 (1.8%) patients after decompression alone but has been reported in no (0%) patients after decompression and fusion. Conclusions Surgical decompression results in symptomatic resolution in the vast majority of patients; however, recurrent back pain occurs in a significant number of patients. Cyst recurrence occurs in less than 2% of patients but has never been reported after cyst excision with concomitant fusion. The lack of cyst recurrence after concomitant fusion supports the need to investigate the value of fusion of the involved motion segment in the treatment of symptomatic synovial cysts of the spine.
Outsmarting Proctors with Smartwatches: A Case Study on Wearable Computing Security

Many companies have recently started to offer wearable computing devices including glasses, bracelets, and watches. While this technology enables exciting new applications, it also poses new security and privacy concerns. In this work, we explore these implications and analyze the impact of one of the first networked wearable devices—smartwatches—on an academic environment. As a proof of concept, we develop an application for the Pebble smartwatch called ConTest that would allow dishonest students to inconspicuously collaborate on multiple-choice exams in real time, using a cloud-based service, a smartphone, and a client application on a smartwatch. We discuss the broader implications of this technology, suggest hardware and software approaches that can be used to prevent such attacks, and pose questions for future research.
Assessing Startle Responses and Their Habituation in Adult Zebrafish

Zebrafish is rapidly becoming a popular model species for neurobehavioral and psychopharmacological research. The startle response represents the instinctive, evolutionarily conserved reaction of an organism to novel unexpected and/or aversive stimuli. While startle testing is a well-established assay to study anxietylike behaviors in different species, screening of the startle response and its habituation in zebrafish is also an important direction of translational biomedical research. Complementing rich literature on zebrafish startle, this chapter outlines a brief and simple protocol to assess the tapping-induced startle response and its inter- and intra-trial habituation in adult zebrafish.
Expanding Lorentz and spectrum corrections to large volumes of reciprocal space for single-crystal time-of-flight neutron diffraction

Evidence is mounting that potentially exploitable properties of technologically and chemically interesting crystalline materials are often attributable to local structure effects, which can be observed as modulated diffuse scattering (mDS) next to Bragg diffraction (BD). BD forms a regular sparse grid of intense discrete points in reciprocal space. Traditionally, the intensity of each Bragg peak is extracted by integration of each individual reflection first, followed by application of the required corrections. In contrast, mDS is weak and covers expansive volumes of reciprocal space close to, or between, Bragg reflections. For a representative measurement of the diffuse scattering, multiple sample orientations are generally required, where many points in reciprocal space are measured multiple times and the resulting data are combined. The common post-integration data reduction method is not optimal with regard to counting statistics. A general and inclusive data processing method is needed. In this contribution, a comprehensive data analysis approach is introduced to correct and merge the full volume of scattering data in a single step, while correctly accounting for the statistical weight of the individual measurements. Development of this new approach required the exploration of a data treatment and correction protocol that includes the entire collected reciprocal space volume, using neutron time-of-flight or wavelength-resolved data collected at TOPAZ at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Allocating specific benefits and burdens

The foregoing is an example of how the rich accounts presented in Local Justice in America can inspire reflections on related issues. I am sure that others who do not share my utilitarian beliefs (some would call them “biases”) would find other ways of looking at these chapters. Whatever the perspective taken, the book raises important questions, and its emphasis on describing intentional rules is a useful approach for the social sciences. A single book cannot do everything, but I wish that this one had also taken a more evaluative point of view, telling us not just how decisions are made but also where they are going wrong according to some explicit standard, and how to improve them. I am sure that even that is considered arrogant by some, but to me it is the ultimate purpose of social science.
Time to Neurological Deterioration in Ischemic Stroke.

Background Neurological deterioration (ND) is common, with nearly one-half of ND patients deteriorating within the first 24 to 48 hours of stroke. The timing of ND with respect to ND etiology and reversibility has not been investigated. Methods At our center, we define ND as an increase of 2 or more points in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within 24 hours and categorize etiologies of ND according to clinical reversibility. ND etiologies were considered non-reversible if such causes may have produced or extended any areas of ischemic neurologic injury due to temporary or permanent impairment in cerebral perfusion. Results Seventy-one of 350 ischemic stroke patients experienced ND. Over half (54.9%) of the patients who experienced ND did so within the 48 hours of last seen normal. The median time to ND for non-reversible causes was 1.5 days (IQR 0.9, 2.4 days) versus 2.6 days for reversible causes (IQR 1.4, 5.5 days, p=0.011). After adjusting for NIHSS and hematocrit on admission, the log-normal survival model demonstrated that for each 1-year increase in a patient's age, we expect a 3.9% shorter time to ND (p=0.0257). In addition, adjusting for age and hematocrit on admission, we found that that for each 1-point increase in the admission NIHSS, we expect a 3.1% shorter time to ND (p=0.0034). Conclusions We found that despite having similar stroke severity and age, patients with nonreversible causes of ND had significantly shorter median time to ND when compared to patients with reversible causes of ND.
Effect of the NSC and RSC Co-precipitation Methods on Apparent Activation Energy of Pr_2Zr_2O_7 Nanopowders

The Pr2Zr2O7nanoparticles were prepared by using NSC and RSC co-precipitation method with ammonia as precipitant agent.XRD,SEM,TEM and TG-DTA were applied to analysis the crystallization and morphology of the samples.Synthesis kinetics of the preparation process and dynamics of grain growth were studied,and the apparent activation energy was calculated respectively by using Doyle-Ozawa method and the Kissinger method.The results show that the samples topography near spherical,there are no agglomeration and the mean particle size is about 60nm.They were obtained under the conditions of titration rate,2 mL·min-1,initial concentration of resolution,0.05 mol·L-1,system temperature 273K and calcination at 1 173 K for 2 h by RSC.The average apparent activation energy of the particles,obtained by NSC,were 71.2,97.8 and 183.2 kJ·mol-1in each stage and the RSCs were 45.37,84.34 and 152.16 kJ·mol-1;the grain growth activation energy of them were 19.02 and 11.95 kJ·mol-1respectively,the latter decreases 7.07 kJ·mol-1than the former.Reverse co-precipitation preparation technology is better than that of positive co-precipitation method.
Late surgical results for ischemic mitral regurgitation. Role of wall motion score and severity of regurgitation.

The indication for concomitant valve operations for ischemic mitral regurgitation is examined in 120 consecutive patients with regurgitation who had coronary bypass. Ischemic mitral regurgitation was mild in 56%, moderate in 18%, and severe in 27%. Compared with patients without mitral regurgitation who underwent coronary bypass, significantly more patients with regurgitation had cardiomegaly (31 % versus 5%), left heart failure (42% versus 6%), and abnormal wall motion scores (71% versus 42%). Eighty-three patients (69 %) with ischemic mitral regurgitation had coronary bypass alone and 37 (31 %) also had a valve operation. All patients with mild ischemic mitral regurgitation were treated by coronary bypass alone, as compared to 67% with moderate and 6% with severe regurgitation. Operative mortalities for mild, moderate, and severe ischemic mitral regurgitation were 4%, 10%, and 38%, respectively; 5 year survival rates were 82 %, 60 %, and 48 %, respectively. Other significant determinants of survival were wall motion score, shock, cardiomegaly, left heart failure, and acute and multiple myocardial infarctions. Patients with mild ischemic mitral regurgitation and a low wall motion score (n = 40) had a 5 year survival rate of 94%. For patients with either moderate/severe regurgitation (n = 27) or a high wall motion score (n = 25), but not both, the 5 year survival rate was 70%. In 20 patients with both a high wall motion score and moderate/severe regurgitation, it was 33 %. An additive detrimental effect is apparent. The change from mild to moderate/severe ischemic mitral regurgitation was equivalent to an increase of about 8 wall motion score units in terms of effect on survival. Ischemic mitral regurgitation is a powerful additive risk factor to wall motion score in coronary bypass. Mild regurgitation is best managed by coronary bypass alone. If regurgitation is moderate, it may still be possible to avoid a valve operation and have acceptable results. Severe ischemic mitral regurgitation usually necessitates coronary bypass and a mitral valve operation.
Zur klinischen Problematik der Porphyrie-Polyneuropathie

Die hepatischen Porphyrien stellen den Hauptanteil der Storungen des Porphyrinstoffwechsels dar.
Hidden in Plain Sight: Stillbirths and Infanticides in Imperial Japan

Around 1900, an extraordinary number of stillbirths appeared in Japan's statistical yearbooks. This article investigates possible biological explanations but concludes that Japan's anomalous stillbirth rates were primarily the result of the deliberate misreporting of infanticides and abortions. On the basis of an international comparison spanning five centuries, it estimates that between 1886 and 1940, Japanese parents filed between 1.7 and 2.8 million false stillbirth reports.
Coda: “Let’s Do’t After the High Roman Fashion”: Funeral and Triumph

Harlan suggests that funereal, not triumphal, spoiling becomes the dominant metaphor for the early modern English theater’s cultural work of transmission in these Roman plays. She also argues that the capacity of this ceremony to spoil the subject assures its power as a mode of representation vis-a-vis militant nostalgia. Shakespeare’s replacement of triumph with funeral in Antony and Cleopatra preserves spoiling in a subtle, performative manner, for Antony’s “solemn show,” (5.2.421) or anticipated funeral, displaces his triumphal victory: one mode of social theater replaces another. The play treats a concern we also see in the other chapters: how the elite military subject’s fragmented and fraught materiality becomes a means of engaging with cultural memory and the past.
Machinability of CAD-CAM materials.

Abstract Statement of problem Although new materials are available for computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) fabrication, limited information is available regarding their machinability. The depth of penetration of a milling tool into a material during a timed milling cycle may indicate its machinability. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the tool penetration rate for 2 polymer-containing CAD-CAM materials (Lava Ultimate and Enamic) and 2 ceramic-based CAD-CAM materials (e.max CAD and Celtra Duo). Material and methods The materials were sectioned into 4-mm-thick specimens (n=5/material) and polished with 320-grit SiC paper. Each specimen was loaded into a custom milling apparatus. The apparatus pushed the specimens against a milling tool (E4D Tapered 2016000) rotating at 40 000 RPM with a constant force of 0.98 N. After a 6-minute timed milling cycle, the length of each milling cut was measured with image analysis software under a digital light microscope. Representative specimens and milling tools were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Results The penetration rate of Lava Ultimate (3.21 ±0.46 mm/min) and Enamic (2.53 ±0.57 mm/min) was significantly greater than that of e.max CAD (1.12 ±0.32 mm/min) or Celtra Duo (0.80 ±0.21 mm/min) materials. SEM observations showed little tool damage, regardless of material type. Residual material was found on the tools used with polymer-containing materials, and wear of the embedding medium was seen on the tools used with the ceramic-based materials. Edge chipping was noted on cuts made in the ceramic-based materials. Conclusions Lava Ultimate and Enamic have greater machinability and less edge chipping than e.max CAD and Celtra Duo.
More than wishful thinking

The great vision of fusion power – harnessing the energy source of the stars for the good of people on Earth – is and has always been a highly attractive one. The history of fusion research is full of interesting tales, from its discovery to the recent completion of the US National Ignition Facility (NIF), now the world's largest laser (see Physics World March p7). Unfortunately, a new popular account of this history, Sun in a Bottle, mostly retells old stories of notable fusion failures, from mysterious early devices in Argentina through the cold-fusion debacle of the late 1980s. As a scientist who has devoted his career to plasma physics and fusion, I am – at least according to author Charles Seife – part of a community of researchers "unable to rid themselves of their intemperate self-deception". Having read it, I appear to be faced with a choice: am I a fraud or an incompetent?
ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT TRIGGERED DISAPPEARANCE OF PHOTOREACTIVATING ENZYME

ABSTRACT UVS 1 is a mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardi defective in the dark-repair (presumably excision repair) of pyrimidine dimers from nuclear DNA. All of the pyrimidine dimers in nuclear DNA can be repaired upon exposure to photoreactivating light immediately after irradiation. However, none of the dimers are photoreactivable if the cells are incubated for 24 hr in the dark in growth medium. Pyrimidine dimers induced in chloroplast DNA can be photoreactivated even after 24 hr incubation in the dark. Assay for photoreactivating enzyme in extracts shows that about 80% of the photoreactivating enzyme activity disappears after incubating UV-irradiated cells in the dark for 24 hr. No significant disappearance of enzyme activity occurs in the case of unirradiated cells. It is hypothesized that the residual photoreactivating enzyme found in incubated, irradiated cells represents chloroplast enzyme and that UV-irradiation triggers the disappearance of nuclear photoreactivating enzyme.
Statistical perceptual maps: using confidence region ellipses to enhance the interpretations of brand positions in multidimensional scaling

Positioning is among a marketer’s preeminent strategic responsibilities. Positioning helps to clarify brand strengths among competitors and identify potential challenges of similar brands and possible substitutability. Assessments of positioning, from initial marketplace efforts to resources directed at modifications and re-positioning, are frequently assisted by the graphical representations of brands in multidimensional space. Such perceptual maps are constructed to reflect the closeness of brands and therefore the extent to which they are seen as interchangeable, versus distances between brands representing their relative positioning distinctiveness. To create perceptual maps, data are frequently obtained that comprise a sample of respondents rating a series of brands with respect to their perceived similarities and differences, as well as the status of each brand along multiple attributes. This research uses the variability inherent in such three-dimensional data to construct confidence regions around point estimates in perceptual maps. Current maps tend to be simply descriptive, with positions reflected by point estimates, but multivariate models including multidimensional scaling and multi-mode factor analysis can be modified to extract the subject heterogeneity and derive inferential perceptual maps. Confidence regions that overlap will indicate more clearly an inference of brand similarity, whereas non-overlapping regions imply statistically differentiated brand perceptions.
Stress behavior in the near fracture region between adjacent horizontal wells during multistage fracturing using a coupled stress-displacement to hydraulic diffusivity model

Abstract This work presents results for the application of finite element simulation to determine changes in stress orientation and magnitude during a multistage fracturing job in horizontal wellbores. A technique that couples stress-displacement with hydraulic diffusivity was used to account for effective in-situ stress and to estimate pore pressure distribution in the near fracture region. The results captured in this study aid understanding of propagation of induced fractures in a multistage fracturing job and in a multiple horizontal wellbore scenario. This study is a valid and reliable estimation of effective stresses in the near fracture area because effective stresses control strain in a saturated poroelastic material. Additionally, reorientation of in-situ stress in the same near region to the fracture was confirmed. The local reorientation of in-situ stresses will consequently cause the reorientation of subsequent fractures which will stop growing transverse to the horizontal wellbore. As a result, induced fractures do not propagate as expected, creating a non-efficient drainage pattern in the reservoir.
Comparison of lisinopril and captopril in the treatment of left ventricular congestive heart failure--influence of duration of action on efficacy and safety.

Data from the lisinopril-captopril comparison trial (6), as well as other data (1, 8, 14, 10) indicate that both long- and short-acting ACEI are effective and safe for the treatment of CHF. An improved effect on LV function and signs and symptoms of CHF as a result of more prolonged unloading of the heart by long-acting ACEI is suggested by the lisinopril-captopril comparison trial, but requires confirmation. An effect on renal function is expected with ACEI treatment of CHF, i.e., increase in BUN and serum creatinine; the greater increase in BUN by lisinopril as compared to captopril reflects more the potency and duration of action of the drug rather than a more serious diverse consequence. In patients with renal insufficiency (serum creatinine greater than 1.6 mg/dl), the more potent, longer-acting ACEI may be required. Advanced CHF, i.e. Class III-IV (NYHA), is a clear indication for the use of ACEI, both for improvement in symptoms and mortality. Indication for ACEI treatment of patients with less severe heart failure awaits the results on ongoing clinical trials.
Hypoxic Modulation of the Cholinergic System in the Cat Carotid Glomus Cell

The carotid body is a primary sensory organ for arterial hypoxia. Chemosensory glomus cells in the carotid body release neurotransmitters, including ACh, in response to hypoxia. The release of neurotransmitters from the glomus cell, a putative chemoreceptor cell, appears to be triggered by an influx of calcium and subsequent increase in intracellular calcium ([Ca]i). Several reports indicate that L-type and some other types of voltage-gated
Healthcare staff need training in human factors.

Seeing the General Medical Council take human factors seriously so that it may better investigate doctors is reassuring.1 In terms of preventing serious incidents in the first place …
Synthesis of polyhedral gold nanostars as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for measurement of thiram in peach juice

Rapid detection of food contaminants using novel analytical methods in combination with nanomaterials has received much attention. This study aimed to synthesize polyhedral gold nanostars (AuNS) with multi-angled corners and develop a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method coupled with AuNS to detect pesticide residues in juice products. AuNS are multi-branched three-dimensional metal nanostructures with rough surface features which can induce surface plasmon resonance. A facile synthesis of AuNS was achieved using a two-step method and as-prepared AuNS had much cleaner surfaces than gold nanoparticles. A Raman reporter molecule (4-aminothiophenol) was used to evaluate the performance of the SERS method, yielding fingerprint-like Raman spectra and the sensitivity of the SERS method could reach 10 ppb (μg kg-1). SERS coupled with AuNS was used to detect thiram residues in peach juice and the detection limit was 50 ppb, and is 100 times more sensitive than using normal gold nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that AuNS are excellent substrates for SERS measurement, which has great potential for rapid detection of chemical contaminants in food products.
The chemical analysis of Southeast Asian lacquers collected from forests and workshops in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar

Abstract For centuries lacquer has been used for utilitarian, decorative, and ceremonial objects throughout Southeast Asia. In this work, the current harvesting methods and workshop uses of lacquer in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar are documented. It combines and links observations from known forest and workshop provenances, and analytical characterization results of the lacquers using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Lacquers from three different tree species were identified, including laccol from Toxicodendron succedanea in Vietnam, and thitsiol from Gluta usitata (Myanmar) and Gluta laccifera (Cambodia). As well, several organic and inorganic additives were characterized. The aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of regional differences in lacquer sourcing and working methods in Southeast Asia.
The Perfect Pair or Strange Bedfellows? Neoliberal Social Change and Social Justice Philanthropy

This research examines how social justice foundations are employing concepts of neoliberal social change into their texts and grantmaking practices. Through a text analysis of the publicly availabl...
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"... And What About You?" is a regular column in Advanced Practice Nursing Quarterly featuring multiple facets of personal and career development. This column will provide tools and strategies to support the continual learning that is vital for self-management of one's personal growth and career development.
On the feasibility of measuring physiologic and self-reported sleep disturbance by aircraft noise on a national scale: A pilot study around Atlanta airport

Abstract Aircraft noise can disturb sleep and impair recuperation. Research is needed to develop exposure-response relationships that are representative of noise-exposed communities and can be used to inform noise mitigation policy in the United States. For a national field study on physiologic response to aircraft noise during sleep to be feasible, an inexpensive yet sound study methodology is needed. In the pilot study presented here, the methodology of using electrocardiography and actigraphy to monitor sleep was implemented around Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport (ATL). The primary objective was to evaluate the quality and quantity of data that could be obtained with the following study approaches: recruiting participants by postal questionnaire, shipping them the physiologic and noise measurement equipment, and the unattended setup of the equipment and recording of data by the participants themselves. The secondary objective was to compare objective and subjective measures of sleep and health between groups exposed to different levels of nocturnal aircraft noise. We mailed 4080 questionnaires containing items on sleep, health and noise disturbance to residences around ATL that were exposed to at least 35 dB Lnight aircraft noise. From 407 questionnaire respondents, 34 participants completed five nights of unattended sleep measurements. Data of sufficient quality and quantity to investigate the effects of aircraft noise on sleep were obtained. Self-reported awakenings increased as a function of the highest maximum aircraft noise level occurring during the sleep period. Event-related physiologic awakenings increased as a function of the maximum noise level of individual aircraft noise events, although this effect was of only borderline statistical significance (p = 0.057) likely due to the low sample size of this pilot study. The approach used in the presented pilot study has been demonstrated to be feasible for the purpose of the larger-scale study among a representative population around multiple airports in the future.