cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The use of Auxiliary Impedances in the Single-Phase Operation of Polyphase Induction Motors

Recent literature indicates a considerable interest in the subject of single-phase induction motors which use split-phase starting. In the available motors condensers are often used as auxiliary impedances in the starting circuit and may also be used in the running circuit. Much of the existing literature on these machines deals with the condenser required and the torque developed. For the purposes of this analysis ideal conditions of balancing will be assumed. If the auxiliary impedances are properly chosen the motor windings will be subjected to balanced polyphase voltages. Under these conditions the motor will operate as a polyphase motor and the analysis may be carried out using standard polyphase motor theory and a-c circuit theory. The first machines analyzed will be of symmetrical two- and three-phase design. Following this, motors having unsymmetrical windings will be considered. Some observations on the related subjects of motor size and motor rating will also be included.
CUT‐OFF FILTERS FOR THE NEAR ULTRAVIOLET

—A series of transmission curves of liquid and solid sheet filter materials in the 280–400 nm range is presented. These filters may be useful as cut-off filters for the near UV.
Breaking Old Habits: Recent Research on Women, Spirituality, and the Arts in the Middle Ages1

The study of women, spirituality, and the arts has progressed considerably over the past twenty-five years, becoming both more nuanced and sophisticated as well as more conflicted. Recent scholarship on this subject reflects the adoption of broader definitions of the arts and of female religiosity in addition to a weakening of both conceptual and disciplinary boundaries. Current research further demonstrates a greater democratization in the types of women and pious activities studied. Researchers are increasingly re-conceptualizing piety in terms of grouped or interrelated actions tied to the visual and material culture of medieval Christianity, thereby highlighting the importance of performance within female devotion. While issues of essentialism and agency continue to stimulate debate, researchers have uncovered considerable evidence of the influence medieval women exerted upon religious drama, music, art, literature, and theology. Nevertheless, substantial areas for further research remain.
Peculiar infrared and optical behaviour in Type I supernovae and the origin of the 1.2-μm feature

Quelques supernovae de type I montrent la particularite de ne pas avoir la structure caracteristique SI II 6150 A, et d'autres de ne pas avoir d'absorption a 1,2 μm. Ces supernovae constituent une sous-classe et l'absence de Si est responsable des lacunes d'absorption a 6150 et 1,2 μm
Axotomy-induced changes in cell structure and membrane excitability are sustained in a vertebrate central neuron

The retrograde reactions of the goldfish Mauthner neuron to axotomy 8-10 mm caudal to its soma are detectable within a few weeks and persist for more than 200 days. Morphological changes include chromatolysis, reflecting a redistribution of cytoplasmic ribosomes, and infolding of the nuclear membrane. At the time, the normally inexcitable soma-dendritic membrane becomes capable of impulse initiation; this induced excitability also persists for at least 200 days.
Formation of the DO22-type superlattice during long-range ordering to Ni4Mo in a Ni-Mo alloy

Khachaturyan (1973, 1974) has shown that many structures including a DO22-type superlattice can form during long-range ordering to Ni4Mo and Ni3Mo. The present investigation has the objective to show, that, in agreement with the statistical thermodynamic model used by Khachaturyan, a DO22 superlattice forms as an intermediate phase during long-range ordering to Ni4Mo. The structural transitions which occur during long-range ordering to Ni4Mo in a Ni-Mo alloy were studied. It was found that a DO22-type superlattice forms as an intermediate metastable phase. 28 references.
Naturally suppressed proton decay in a class of three generation superstring models

Abstract We identify a class of three generation superstring models in which the most dangerous proton decay processes occurring through dimension five operators are naturally suppressed. The mechanism relies on the combined effect of a Z3 matter parity with a Z3R-symmetry and is more effective in the case of a low U(1)B−L breaking scale. The importance of the mechanism stems from the fact that the discrete symmetries used are among the ones arising upon spontaneous compactification of the heterotic superstring on the only known Calabi-Yau space leading to three quark-lepton families.
Power and politics in the content of grammar books: the example of India

: This paper examines the various connections four grammar books [J. Nesfield, Idiom, Grammar, and Synthesis for High Schools (1895); L. Tipping, Matriculation High School English Grammar of Modern English Usage (1933); P. C. Wren and H. Martin, High School English Grammar and Composition (1954); C. D. Sidhu, An Intensive Course in English (1976)] posit between the English language and Indian society. The sentences of Nesfield's text propagate the notion of British supremacy and impose a view of history which justifies colonial rule. It is a view which corresponds to the contemporary conception of English as an imposed foreign language, the language of political domination and a synonym for it. Tipping's position is that English is to be assimilated to the Indian context. The revised edition of Wren and Martin's grammar follows in the Tipping tradition. English is no longer seen as something imposed, but as something in the process of being Indianized. Sidhu's text is radically different from the others. It reveals a familiarity with the way life is experienced in India. Sidhu's grammar proves that English language teaching in India can be taught through and express Indian experiences. In so doing, the English language becomes the opposite of its historical role: a mode of communication which expresses Indians’ consciousness of themselves as citizens of an independent country.
Estimating cognitive load using remote eye tracking in a driving simulator

We report on the results of a study in which pairs of subjects were involved in spoken dialogues and one of the subjects also operated a simulated vehicle. We estimated the driver's cognitive load based on pupil size measurements from a remote eye tracker. We compared the cognitive load estimates based on the physiological pupillometric data and driving performance data. The physiological and performance measures show high correspondence suggesting that remote eye tracking might provide reliable driver cognitive load estimation, especially in simulators. We also introduced a new pupillometric cognitive load measure that shows promise in tracking cognitive load changes on time scales of several seconds.
Effect of perineal self-acupressure on constipation: a randomized controlled trial.

To the Editor: In the recent article by Abbott et. al. (JGIM, Nov 2014), the authors may have misnamed the procedure they employed as “self-acupressure” at the perineal region. If they wish to use this nomenclature then they need to broaden the possible beneficial effects to an acupuncture-style mechanism.1 The definition of acupressure is the application of pressure (as with the thumbs or fingertips) to the same discrete points on the body that are stimulated in acupuncture that is used for its therapeutic effects. The locations of these points are usually along energy meridians and they respond similarly to acupressure technique. This is not what the authors describe in the methods section. There is existing literature concerning massage, acupressure, and acupuncture for the treatment of constipation that was not referenced in the article.2 The traditional massage technique used in Oriental Medicine, tunia, has been successful for many conditions.3 For constipation , this technique is reportedly used on the abdomen, lower back and perineum. The perineal point that the authors describe in their methods section is an important acupoint on the Governor Meridian that runs from the head dorsally to the perineum (GV1), also called Changquiang. The authors promote the success of their study to peripheral effects such as the manual break-up of hard stools, relaxation of the anal sphincter, and relaxation of the puborectalis, allowing the anorectal angle to straighten and allowing descent of the stool. In acupuncture/acupressure terms, referencing a central nervous system (CNS) effect, there would be a stronger neurobiologic mechanism of action, including an enhanced involuntary coordination of the rectum and sphincter, improved reflexes, reduced anxiety and more self-awareness. If the authors are set in describing their technique as self-acupressure, then they should describe their acupoint correctly (GV1) and consider a possible CNS basis of effect. Otherwise, the technique nomenclature should be changed to self-massage to the perineum.4
BALB/c antiarsonate idiotypes: gene complementation necessary for expression

The expression of two idiotype (id) families (5AF6 and 3C6) associated with the BALB/c p-azophenylarsonate-specific antibody response was examined in 11 mouse strains. Eight strains produced some of one or the other of these two id families with the mean percent expression in the anti-Ar responses of id(+) strains ranging from 8 to 43% for the 5AF6 and from 2 to 10% for the 3C6 idiotype. Four strains of mice (C58, AKR, PL, and RF) thought to have Lyt-3.1-linked VL repertoire differences from other mouse strains (Lyt-3.2) were tested for their capacity to contribute to 5AF6 and 3C6 id expression. The RE strain was capable of producing 5AF6 id and small amounts of 3C6 id. Tests of Lyt-3.1 congenic strains C.AKR (AKR Lyt-3.1 on a BALB/c background) and C.C58 (C58 Lyt-3.1 on a BALB/c background) showed that C.AKR could produce 5AF6 id while C.C58 could not. 3C6 id expression was present but depressed in C.C58 mice compared with the high 3C6 id expression in C.AKR. Breeding studies mating C.C58 (bearing the required Igh-Ca-linked VH genes) to other 5AF6(−) strains showed that gene complementation could result in 5AF6 expression in F1 offspring. 5AF6(−) strains capable of complementation included CBA/J, C57BL/6J, AKR/J, and PL/J. C58/J (from which C.C58 were derived) was the only tested strain that failed to complement for 5AF6 id expression. Additional matings between C58/J[5AF6(−)] and CBA/J[5AF6 (−)] showed F1 offspring could produce 5AF6 id, indicating that C58/J can contribute functional VH genes necessary for 5AF6 id expression. Depressed expression of 5AF6 and 3C6 id was noted in mice where the C58/J-derived Lyt-3.1 genotype was present. The possibility that the depression of 5AF6 and 3C6 id expression derived from C58/J mice was due to regulatory influences rather than a lack of the VL structural genes is discussed.
Towards a science of systems

Three unique and still timely aspects of Miller's text Living Systems were his citation of 173 specific ‘cross-level’ hypotheses, his unification of a vast number of phenomena from the biomedical sciences to the social sciences using a consistent taxonomy of seven hierarchical levels and 20 subsystems, and his consistent effort to make systems hypotheses more testable. This article describes and discusses 20 similarities and dissimilarities between ‘cross-level hypotheses’ and the transdisciplinary ‘linkage propositions’ between 100 systems processes used in an alternative ‘system of system's processes’. It contrasts Miller's use of 20 ‘critical subsystems’ versus use of these 100 ‘systems isomorphies’ as the basis for classification and application of systems knowledge. It also presents analysis of empirical data published in peer-reviewed natural science journals to ‘test’ the validity of Miller's hierarchical levels with some unexpected preliminary results. It relates Miller's biomedically-based vision of ‘measurable systems parameters’ to the tenets of the new field of Systems Pathology. The paper concludes with an evaluation of Miller's contributions in terms of recent developments in the natural sciences, systems science and the newer complex systems movement. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fracturing and Brecciation Along the Max Meadows Thrust, Southwestern Virginia: ABSTRACT

Fracturing is an important mechanism of porosity development in deformed hydrocarbon provinces such as the Eastern Overthrust belt, but the sizes and shapes of fractured zones place critical constraints on exploration strategies. Fracturing and brecciation associated with the Max Meadows thrust, along which the Cambrian Rome Formation have been emplaced atop the younger Cambrian Elbrook and Conococheague Formations of the Pulaski thrust sheet, are controlled by lithology, proximity to the fault, and mesoscopic folding. Within the Max Meadows sheet, Rome carbonates are highly fractured and, in fold cores near the fault, brecciated. Rome mudstones and sandstones are tightly folded, and near the fault have developed both an incipient axial planar cleavage and a set of closel spaced fractures striking perpendicular to fold axes. In comparison, the wholly carbonate sequence of the Pulaski sheet had earlier been folded into a large syncline characterized by bedding-parallel shear in shaly and thin-bedded layers, flexural slip folding, and localized fracturing of thick layers. Thus breccia and fracture porosity zones in the study area are highly localized, of irregular geometry, and essentially restricted to the upper thrust sheet. Zones of tectonic breccia and fracture porosity are not attractive exploration targets, then, unless they occur as uniform and widespread broken zones in sedimentologically and mechanically homogeneous beds. End_of_Article - Last_Page 483------------
Subseasonal Atmospheric Variability and El Niño Waveguide Warming: Observed Effects of the Madden–Julian Oscillation and Westerly Wind Events*

AbstractWesterly wind events (WWEs) have previously been shown to initiate equatorial Pacific waveguide warming. The relationship between WWEs and Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) activity, as well as the role of MJO events in initiating waveguide warming, is reconsidered here over the 1986–2010 period. WWEs are identified in observations of near-surface zonal winds using an objective scheme. MJO events are defined using a widely used index, and 64 are identified that occur when the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is in its neutral state. Of these MJO events, 43 have one or more embedded WWEs and 21 do not. The evolution of sea surface temperature anomaly over the equatorial Pacific waveguide following the westerly surface wind phase of the MJO over the western equatorial Pacific is examined. Waveguide warming is found for the MJO with WWE events in similar magnitudes as following the WWEs not embedded in an MJO. There is very little statistically significant waveguide warming following MJO events that...
Simple XML messaging framework

In a global economy, there is clearly a need to have remote access to information. Organizations provide this access to their customers via Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) or Web Services (WS). These technologies use the Extensible Markup Language (XML) to exchange information. In this paper, the Simple XML Messaging Framework is presented. This framework can be used to exchange information in either a SOA or a WS environment. A prototype has been implemented and used in a course at the University of South Carolina Upstate to simulate a SOA environment. An analysis from this course is presented.
Design of narrow bandpass interference filters for WDM applications

A simple method is proposed for the design of two-material all-quarter-wave narrowbandpass interference filters which precisely match a prescribed passband ripple and width specification.
Vibrational spectra of glyoxylic acid monomers

Abstract Infrared spectra of glyoxylic acid monomers, including the hydroxyl deuterated and general O-18 isotopomers, are reported for argon and nitrogen matrix-isolated samples in the range 400–4000 cm−1. Values for all 15 fundamental vibrations of the intramolecular H-bonded monomer are listed. Bands attributed to the trans-carbonyl conformer with a free car☐yl group are also observed and about half of its fundamental frequencies are listed. Some modes of the intramolecular H-bonded glyoxylic acid monomer are strongly matrix dependent, and differences between Ar and N2 matrix spectra are exploited in sorting out the spectral information.
Analysis of a Class of Cylindrical Multiconductor Transmission Lines Using an Iterative Approaclh

A class of cylindrical multiconductor transmission lines is theoretically analyzed, and useful parameters, e.g., characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant, are derived. Discretization of the continuous functions and exploitation of the periodicity of the cylindrical structure lead to a discrete convolution which can be carried out numerically rigorously and efficiently using the FFT algorithm. An iterative technique is employed in the spectral domain to derive the solution of integral equations for the charge distribution. Numerical results are presented and compared with available data.
Sexual Coercion and Behavior Among a Sample of Sexual Minority Women

Sexual coercion may affect the sexual experiences of sexual minority women differently. Women (n=445) aged 18 to 71 years (Mean=30.38) answered an online survey on sexual orientation, lifetime coercion, and sexual history. Sexual minority women (45.8%, n=204) were more likely to report having been coerced into unwanted sexual behavior (56.5%) than heterosexual women (44.8 %; p=0.010). Coerced sexual minority women reported earlier ages of initiation into performing oral sex (p=0.016), penile-vaginal (p=0.024), and penile-anal (p=0.027) intercourse. In multiple logistic regression models, currently being in a partnered relationship was the sole factor related to lifetime engagement in penile-vaginal intercourse and receiving oral sex from partners. Having at least a graduate degree was the only characteristic related to engagement in lifetime penile-anal intercourse. Sexual coercion was not related to any lifetime sexual behavior outcomes. The nature of sexual initiation and coercion should be explored further among sexual minority women, with the goal of incorporating their experiences into prevention and treatment initiatives.
Modeling paint and adhesive cure in automotive applications

Abstract In the development of thermoset coating and adhesive formulations, optimum cure conditions are defined based on measurements of physical properties, chemical resistance, and durability. The range of cure conditions over which a thermoset material exhibits acceptable performance constitutes a cure window for the material, and can be used to define acceptable limits of variability for production processes. There is variability intrinsic to the stoving of complex articles of manufacture: local variations in heat transfer and thermal mass result in substantial variations in temperature history. By applying chemical understanding of crosslinking processes and basic chemical engineering principles, cure strategies can be evaluated using a combination of heat transfer and chemical kinetic models. Examples drawn from research on automotive paints and adhesives are given.
Characterization of a methyl farnesoate binding protein in hemolymph from Libinia emarginata

Hemolymph from Libinia emarginata was tested for its ability to bind methyl farnesoate (MF), a JH-like compound found in many crustaceans. Hemolymph bound MF with moderate affinity (KD = 4.5 x 10(-6) M). Competitive binding studies showed that this binding was specific for MF, with farnesoic acid and JH homologues having less than 30 and 7%, respectively, of the relative binding activity of MF. JH acid and ecdysterone had no binding activity. MF binding activity was lost after pretreatment of hemolymph with heat or protease, suggesting that the binding component was a protein. Gel filtration analysis showed that the binding activity had a molecular weight of about 650,000.
Low-density limit of the correlation energy in the random-phase approximation for charged particles of arbitrary statistics.

Within the random-phase approximation (RPA) or ring sum, the ground-state correlation energy for a uniform gas of charged particles with density parameter {ital r}{sub {ital s}} tends as {ital r}{sub {ital s}}{r arrow}{infinity} to ({minus}0.803 Ry) {ital r}{sub {ital s}}{sup {minus}3/4}. This limit holds for fermions, as for bosons and distinguishable particles. For electrons, the next term in the low-density expansion (of order {ital r}{sub {ital s}}{sup {minus}1}) cancels the exchange energy. Corrections to RPA must cancel the {ital r}{sub {ital s}}{sup {minus}3/4} term, and can modify the {ital r}{sub {ital s}}{sup {minus}1} term.
Dissociation between activation of growth-related genes and mitogenic responses of neonatal vascular smooth muscle cells

Abstract In neonatal vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells, activation of protein kinase C can block the mitogenic response to α-thrombin. The molecular mechanism for this growth inhibition was investigated by looking at early transcriptional events in the cell cycle. Both thrombin and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) induced mRNA for the c-myc oncogene; peak levels of expression were found 4–5 h after exposure to either agent. When thrombin and PMA were added together, c-myc expression was increased synergistically; down-regulation of protein kinase C suppressed induction of c-myc by thrombin. Thus, c-myc expression varied inversely with cell growth under these conditions. Thrombin and PMA also both induced expression of mRNA for the PDGF-A chain over 4–7h. As for c-myc, PMA and thrombin synergistically increased expression of the PDGF A-chain under conditions where PMA inhibits thrombin-induced DNA synthesis. Thus, mitogenesis and early growth-related gene expresion was dissociated during PMA-mediated growth inhibition.
Responses in flight to selection on wing length in non‐migratory milkweed bugs, Oncopeltus fasciatus

A sample of nonmigratory Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) from Puerto Rico was subjected to bi-directional selection for wing length for 20 generations. Response to selection was strong in both directions. In the 8th and 14th generations samples were drawn from the selected lines and tested for tethered flight. There was little flight observed and no correlation between wing length and flight duration. There was also no correlation between wing length and fecundity. These results contrast with results from a migratory population from Iowa, U.S.A. where there were positive genetic correlations between wing length and both flight and fecundity. A migration-life history syndrome was thus apparent in the migratory Iowa population, but was not present in the non-migratory population from Puerto Rico. Resume Relations de la selection en fonction de la longueur de l'aile et le vol chez Oncopeltus fasciatus L'etude de la relation entre la longueur de l'aile, le vol et la fecondite a ete faite sur une population sedentaire d'O. fasciatus de Porto Rico; les resultat ont ete compares a ceux d'une population migratrice de L'Iowa, U.S.A. Les punaises de Porto Rico ont ete selectionnees pour leurs ailes longues ou countes pendant 20 generations, en utilisant des lignees repetitives. Une forte reponse a ete obtenue par rapport aux temoines des lignees non selectionnees. Aux 8eme et 14eme generations de selection, des punaises ont ete prelevees pour examen de leur vol entrave. Tres peu de vols ont ete obtenus et il n'y avait aucune correlation entre la duree du vol et la longueur de l'aile. Parallelement, la fe***condite pendant les 5 premiers jours de reproduction a ete mesuree, et aucune correlation n'a ete mise en evidence, mais il n'y avait pas non plus de correlation entre longueur de l'aile et fecondite. Ces resultats different de ceux de la population migratrice de l'Iowa, pout laquelle il y avait une correlation genetique positive entre longueur de l'aile, vol et fecondite. Chez les punaises de l'Iowa, il y aurait ainsi un syndrome biologique de migration avec des ailes longues, une fecondite elevee precoce et des vols de longue duree. Il n'y avait pas de manifestation de ce syndrome chez les populations sedentaires de Porto Rico. Les O. fasciatus migrateurs et sedentaires different evidemment par la base genetique de leur biologie.
Poly(alkylene oxide) Ionomers. II. Solution Co- and Terpolymerization of Trioxane for the Preparation of Poly(oxymethylene) Ionomers

Solution polymerization of trioxane (TO) with 1, 3-dioxolane (DO) gave copolymers of various comonomer compositions. TO was also copolymerized with ethyl glycidate (EG) and terpolymerized with DO and EG to polymers of low EG content. The copolymers were acetate-endcapped or base-treated to give stable co- and terpolymers. The treatment of EG containing poly(oxymethylene) (POM) copolymers with sodium hydroxide in methanol at elevated temperatures gave POM ionomers. The polymers were characterized by their infrared and PMR spectra for their general structure and co- and terpolymer composition. POM copolymers with only EG as comonomer showed low base stability but those which contained ethylene oxide (EO), either alone or in combination with EG, gave polymers of high base stability.
Zonians in cyberspace: The imagining of individual, community and nation on the Panama‐L listserve

This paper traces the ways the diasporic (albeit relatively privileged) identities of Zonians are positioned as part of a larger Panamanian national discourse on the Panama‐L listserve. The paper looks at modern, postmodern and postcolonial theoretical debates on space, nation, identity and authenticity in order to focus on the articulation and performance of these ideas in cyberspace. Critical and performance ethnography is utilized to study the text‐based, imagined community created on the Panama‐L listserve. In the movement from theory about identity and nation within the frame of social action to the articulation of such in cyberspace, I hope to find the connections and disjunctures between the “account”; of identity as it occurs in discourse and the accounting for as a product of theorizing about identity in the larger frame of (the end of) nationalism and the democracies of cyberspaces
On Conceptualizing Self-Control as More Than the Effortful Inhibition of Impulses:

The notion that self-control entails effortful inhibition of impulses dominates prevailing psychological models of self-control. This article describes some of the conceptual and empirical limitations of defining self-control as the effortful inhibition of impulses. The present article instead advocates for a dual-motive conceptualization, which describes self-control as the process of advancing distal rather than proximal motivations when the two compete. Effortful impulse inhibition in this model represents only one of many means by which people promote their self-control efforts. Adopting a dual-motive approach offers new insight and proposes several new research directions. This article discusses these implications and calls for psychologists to reconsider the way self-control is currently understood.
A Review of “Teaching Social Studies to English Language Learners”

The number of English language learners (ELL) is continually increasing in U.S. schools. Researchers from the Urban Institute projected that children of immigrants will constitute 30 percent of the...
In Vivo Effect of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) and an Anti-LIF Polyclonal Antibody on Murine Embryo and Fetal Development Following Exposure at the Time of Transcervical Blastocyst Transfer

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) enhances in vitro murine preimplantation development in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Knockout experiments have demonstrated that endometrial LIF is essential for in vivo murine implantation. We assessed the impact of LIF and an anti-LIF polyclonal antibody (pab) on in vivo development and developed a novel and successful nonsurgical method of embryo transfer for this species, a transcervical blastocyst transfer technique. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of LIF and the anti-LIF pab on 1) implantation, resorption, pregnancy, and viability rates and 2) the overall structural and skeletal development. Two-cell embryos were recovered from superovulated mated donors, cultured to the expanded blastocyst stage, and transferred transcervically into pseudopregnant recipients. Exposure to 5000 U/ml LIF resulted in significant increases in implantation, pregnancy, and viability rates compared with controls. A similar dose of pab produced overall inhibitory effects with a significant decrease in implantation rate. Paradoxically, lower pab doses resulted in significantly increased viability rates. Exposure to LIF had no effect on fetoplacental development. However, pab treatments had variable but significant negative effects on placental length, ossification of the exoccipital bone, and vertebral space width compared with controls. Exposure of murine blastocysts to LIF at the time of transcervical transfer resulted in pronounced positive effects on implantation and pregnancy rates without affecting fetal development. A similar pab dose dramatically reduced implantation and pregnancy rates; at high and low doses, pab produced deleterious effects on placental and skeletal development.
Multiple impact penetration of semi-infinite concrete

An experimental study was performed to gather multiple impact, projectile penetration data into concrete. A vertical firing range was developed that consisted of a 30-06 rifle barrel mounted vertically above a steel containment chamber. 0.41 m cubes of an Air Force G mix concrete were suspended in wet sand and positioned in the steel chamber. The concrete targets were subjected to repeated constant velocity impacts from 6.4 mm diameter steel projectiles with an ogive nose shape and a length to diameter ratio of 10. A laser sight was adapted to the rifle to ensure alignment, and a break screen system measured the projectile velocity. After each impact, the projectile penetration and crater formation parameters were recorded. The penetration and crater formation data were consistent with single impact penetration data from previous studies conducted at Sandia National Laboratories. In addition, an analytic/empirical study was conducted to develop a model that predicted the penetration depth of multiple impacts into concrete targets. Using the multiple impact penetration and crater formation data, a single impact penetration model, developed by Forrestal at Sandia National Laboratories, was extended to account for the degradation of the target strength with each subsequent impact. The degradation of the target was determined empirically and included in the model as a strength-modifying factor. The model requires geometry parameters of the ogive nose projectile, projectile velocity, the number of impacts, and target compressive strength to calculate the overall penetration depth of the projectile.
Species Conservation at a Broad Spatial Scale: Reproductive Success of Golden-Cheeked Warblers Across Their Breeding Range

Research conducted near the time a species is listed as threatened or endangered can help inform management guidelines. However, these studies are typically limited in temporal and spatial scope and typically address a limited set of ecological questions. Application of such information can result in misleading management guidelines or ineffective conservation if species-habitat relationships vary across space or if preliminary information fails to provide reliable assessments of habitat quality. We evaluated existing management guidelines that addressed reproductive success of the golden-cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia), a federally endangered songbird endemic to central Texas, USA. We monitored 1,382 territories in 87 patches of woodland across the breeding range from 2007 to 2011. Ours was the first evaluation of management guidelines addressing reproductive success with data collected across the warbler's breeding range. Our results did not consistently confirm the commonly accepted management guidelines that habitat quality, based on the presence of offspring in a territory, was positively associated with patch size and territory canopy cover, and negatively associated with patch edge. The relationship between probability of a territory fledging � 1 offspring and patch size, patch edge-to-area ratio, and territory canopy cover varied by geographic region (level-IV eco-region). Our results suggested future conservation plans that address habitat quality should consider variation among regions to improve conservation efforts and that habitat associations identified with warbler occurrence were not necessarily indicative of reproductive success. 2012 The Wildlife Society.
STRATEGIC IMAGE MANAGEMENT ONLINE

Communication technology is challenging traditional self-presentation strategies and behavior. Deliberate image construction is becoming more difficult because of the increasing number of information sources about individuals online. The present study examines a range of self-presentation behaviors on social network sites (SNS) by drawing on impression motivation, contingencies of self-worth, and the analysis of social network structure. Results from the survey data show that users (N = 248) who stake their self-esteem on public evaluations and have heterogeneous social networks are more strategic in the management of tagged photos and text-based updates in the form of wall posts. Furthermore, the interaction between network size and diversity predicts how often users share photos. Implications for improving privacy management tools on SNS and educating users about strategic self-presentation are discussed.
Future developments in implantable cardioverter defibrillators: The optimal device

Abstract Despite recent therapeutic advances, SCD remains the leading cause of mortality in industrialized nations. The most frequent cause of SCD is ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the setting of advanced structural heart disease due to chronic coronary heart disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Although high-risk groups can be prospectively identified, attempts at primary prevention have been largely unsuccessful. Effective treatment strategies for SCD survivors include antiarrhythmic drug therapy guided by programmed stimulation, endocadial resection, and ICDs. Device therapy has proven extremely effective in preventing recurrent sudden death from ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Widespread application of ICD therapy, perhaps even to include members of high-risk populations that have not experienced cardiac arrest, will depend on many factors including the demonstration that device therapy improves total mortality, not just arrhythmia-related mortality, reduction in cost, and improvements in the devices themselves. Some of the important characteristics of the optimal ICD of the future are nonthoracotomy lead placement; subpectoral generator placement; multiprogrammable, tiered therapy; improved diagnostic specificity, whether based on electrogram or hemodynamic-sensing algorithms; improved integration of brady- and tachy-sensing systems; and enhanced electrogram storage capability with trans-telephonic retrieval of electrogram recordings. The creation of this ideal ICD will obviously require continued technological advances; however, given the tremendous improvements realized over the first three generations of ICD systems, optimism for the future seems warranted.
Memory and Speed: Their Role in the Relation of Infant Information Processing to Later IQ

This study examined the extent to which memory and processing speed accounted for relations we had found earlier between infant information processing and childhood IQ. The measures of speed and memory were obtained when the children were 11 years of age using paper-and-pencil tasks and an extensive battery of computer-administered tasks. The relations of 7 month visual recognition memory and 1 year cross-modal transfer to 11 year IQ were both substantially reduced with statistical control of factors derived from these measures. These results suggest that speed and memory underlie some of the infant-childhood continuities in cognition. Path and structural equation modeling indicated that the significant pathways from 7 month visual recognition memory to 11 year IQ were both direct and indirect, the indirect paths going through memory and speed.
Older Widows’ Speculations and Expectancies Concerning Professional Home-Care Providers

Little is known about older persons' expectancies (or anticipations) about the possible actions of home-care professionals, although such data have implications for the ethics of home care and home-care policies. From a longitudinal study of older women's experience of home care, findings are reported concerning their expectancies of professional home-care providers. A descriptive phenomenological method was used to detail the structure of the experience and its context. Data were analyzed from a series of interviews with 13 women aged 82 to 96 years. Among the five key structures of experience were 'finding that someone has the job of helping me here' and 'determining where the helper's field lies'. Two subsets within a category of expectancies were differentiated: speculations about helpers' possible actions and expectancies about outcomes of helpers' actions. As parameters of relational ethics, clients' speculations and expectancies are appropriate bases for dialogue about older widows' relationships with home-care professionals and the foci of home-care policies.
Errors in Electrical Core Loss Measurement for Extremely Small Samples Applicable to Integrated Converters

Accurate measurement of core loss of low loss magnetic materials in the milliwatts range for high frequency applications is difficult to achieve due to its sensitivity to measurement error especially when measured at high frequencies. Magnitude and phase errors from the oscilloscope, probes/cables, current viewing resistors, phase shift between voltage and current, and noise coupling into measurement probes, which affect the measurement accuracies will be analyzed in detail.
Quality Assurance for Clinical fMRI

The functional MRI (fMRI) procedure has several sources of variance that determine the success of the examination. These include the scanner, patient, and paradigm. As blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast is a small effect, high signal-to-noise performance is mandatory. Because the preparation of a functional activation map requires averaging multiple images over time, the scanner must produce high temporal stability of the signal intensity. This unit presents the Basic Protocol for achieving scanner stability. There are many determinants of such performance but not all possibilities need to be checked separately. An adequate approach has been to verify total system performance under the conditions of a functional MRI study on a phantom. This testing is done daily prior to patient studies.
Fast Transient Simulation of Lossy Transmission Lines

In this paper, an efficient approach is proposed for the problem of transient simulation of lossy transmission lines. The complexity of the conventional convolution approach for lossy transmission lines is reduced from O(N2) to O(Nlog2N) by utilizing a multilevel FFT convolution method, where N is the total number of time points. Numerical convolution formula that exploits both the analytical forms of the lossy transmission line impulse responses and adaptive time steps are developed for the multilevel FFT convolution method. A new breakpoint control scheme is also proposed to adaptively control simulation time step. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is over 100 times faster than Berkeley SPICE3 (Quarles, et al, 1993) while remains the same accuracy.
ACQUIRED METHEMOGLOBINEMIA POSSIBLY RELATED TO PHENAZOPYRIDINE IN A WOMAN WITH NORMAL RENAL FUNCTION

Phenazopyridine hydrochloride is used frequently by urologists to alleviate symptoms of dysuria, frequency, burning and urgency. Methemoglobinemia and its manifestations are documented adverse affects of phenazopyridine hydrochloride overdose in subjects with abnormal renal function.' We describe an unusual case of documented methemoglobinemia discovered at surgery in a woman with normal renal function with standard doses of phenazopyridine hydrochloride. A 28-year-old woman with a history of ulcerative colitis presented with a 10-year history of bladder pain. She had been seen previously by a urologist who performed cystoscopy and diagnosed urethral stenosis. Urethral dilation was subsequently carried out annually for 3 years. Displeased with the requirement for repeated dilation without significant symptomatic relief, she visited a second urologist who recommended urodynamic evaluation. However, she was noncompliant because of fear of further intervention. Subsequently, she complained of a dull pressure ache across her suprapubic region periodically lasting from 1 to 2 weeks. The patient also reported extreme dyspareunia and vaginismus with intercourse. She experienced urinary urgency and frequency hourly during the day and nocturia 4 times per night. Suprapubic pain was exacerbated with delay in voiding. The pain was somewhat transiently improved aRer voiding but quickly returned. Physical examination revealed bladder tenderness both suprapubically and vaginally but was otherwise unremarkable. Six weeks before cystoscopy with hydrodistension to rule out interstitial cystitis, phenazopyridine hydrochloride had been prescribed at a maximum oral dose of 100 mg. 3 times daily to be taken only with symptoms. The medication had been taken at the recommended dosage and restricted to 2 to 3-day courses. No drug was taken on the day before cystoscopy, but the patient administered a single 100 mg. dose on the morning of the procedure. At cystoscopy the patient became peripherally cyanotic. Oxygen saturation was noted to be 84% by pulseoximetry and only improved to 94% with administration of 100% oxygen by face mask. All ventilator circuits involved with oxygen delivery were checked with no identifiable source of decreased oxygen saturation discovered. Additionally, the airways were auscultated without evidence of respiratory impairment. Therefore, methemoglobinemia was considered as a likely source of decreased oxygen saturation. After administration of 2 mg./kg. of methylene blue, oxygen saturation improved to 99%. Furthermore, even aRer treatment, methemoglobin
An Overlap between the Control of Programmed Cell Death in Bacillus anthracis and Sporulation

The Staphylococcus aureus cid and lrg operons have been shown to control cell death and lysis in a manner thought to be analogous to programmed cell death (apoptosis) in eukaryotic organisms. Although orthologous operons are present in a wide variety of bacterial species, members of the Bacillus cereus group are unique in that they have a total of four cid-/lrg-like operons. Two of these operons are similar to the S. aureus cid and lrg operons, while the other two (designated clhAB1 and clhAB2) are unique to this group. In the present study, the functions and regulation of these loci were examined. Interestingly, the Bacillus anthracis lrgAB mutant displayed decreased stationary-phase survival, whereas the clhAB2 mutant exhibited increased stationary-phase survival compared to the parental and complementation strains. However, neither mutation had a dramatic effect on murein hydrolase activity or autolysis. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the sporulation efficiency revealed that both mutants formed fewer spores than did the parental strain. Similar to S. aureus, B. anthracis lrgAB transcription was shown to be induced by gramicidin and CCCP, agents known to dissipate the proton motive force, in a lytSR-dependent manner. Northern blot analyses also demonstrated a positive role for lytSR in the clhAB2 transcription. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that B. anthracis lrgAB and clhAB2 play important roles in the control of cell death and lysis and reveal a previously unrecognized role of this system in sporulation.
Age-related changes in intracranial pressure in rabbits with uncorrected familial coronal suture synostosis.

Abstract Objective: Chronic, elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in craniosynostotic infants may result in ocular and neurocapsular problems; however, not all infants exhibit elevated ICP. Clinical ICP studies are further confounded by small and heterogeneic samples, multiple-suture involvement, and varying surgical management protocols. The present study was designed to describe longitudinal changes in ICP in a large, homogenous sample of rabbits with uncorrected familial, nonsyndromic coronal suture synostosis. Methods: Ninety-one rabbits were divided into four groups: (1) normal rabbits (n = 28), (2) rabbits with delayed-onset coronal suture synostosis (DOCS; n = 25), (3) rabbits with unilateral coronal suture synostosis (UCS; n = 12), and (4) rabbits with bilateral coronal suture synostosis (BCS; n = 26). ICP was measured at 24 and 42 days of age using a Codman epidural microtransducer. Results: Rabbits with BCS had a significantly (p < .05) higher mean ICP at 25 days of age than rabbits in the other...
Rethinking Housing Bubbles: What Might Be Done?

This is the paradox at the heart of the financial crisis. In the past few years, we’ve seen too much greed and too little fear; too much spending and not enough saving; too much borrowing and not enough worrying. Today, however, our problem is exactly the opposite. The President’s recovery strategy is addressing the housing market. The vicious cycle of rising foreclosures leading to declining home prices, leading to rising foreclosures – must be contained. This problem is at the heart of our economic crisis. Through direct interventions, using the GSEs to bring down mortgage rates and make possible refinancings for creditworthy borrowers who have lost their home equity as house prices decline, and through setting standards and providing significant financial subsidies for measures directed at payment relief to prevent foreclosures, we are achieving several objectives. – Lawrence Summers at The Brookings Institution, March 13, 2009 The curious task of economics is to demonstrate to men how little they really know about what they imagine they can design. – Friedrich A. Hayek, The Fatal Conceit , 1988, p. 76
Effect of ELP Sequence and Fusion Protein Design on Concentrated Solution Self-Assembly

Fusion proteins provide a facile route for the purification and self-assembly of biofunctional protein block copolymers into complex nanostructures; however, the use of biochemical synthesis techniques introduces unexplored variables into the design of the structures. Using model fusion constructs of the red fluorescent protein mCherry and the coil-like protein elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), it is shown that the molar mass and hydrophobicity of the ELP sequence have a large effect on the propensity of a fusion to form well-ordered nanostructures, even when the ELP is in the low temperature, highly solvated state. In contrast, the presence of a 6xHis purification tag has little effect on self-assembly, and the order of blocks in the construct (N-terminal vs C-terminal) only has a significant effect on the nanostructure when the conjugates are heated above the transition temperature of the ELP block. These results indicate that for a sufficiently hydrophobic and high molar mass ELP block, there is a great ...
The automated reagin test: results compared with VDRL and FTA-ABS tests.

Automated reagin (AR) test findings compared favorably with VDRL and FTA-ABS results. The study of 4,441 specimens obtained for confirmatory tests showed a 98.4% agreement between AR and VDRL tests, and a 70% agreement between AR and FTA-ABS tests. The AR test provided some practical advantages not obtainable with manual technics.