cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Utilization of emergency and hospital services among individuals in substance abuse treatment.

To examine risk factors for use of hospital services among racial and ethnic minority clients in publicly funded substance abuse treatment in Los Angeles County, California. We explored cross-sectional annual data (2006 to 2009) from the Los Angeles County Participant Reporting System for adult participants (n = 73,251) who received services from treatment programs (n = 231). This retrospective analysis of county admission data relied on hierarchical linear negative binomial regression models to explore number of hospital visits, accounting for clients nested in programs. Client data were collected during personal interviews at admission. Our findings support previous work that noted increased use of emergency rooms among individuals suffering from mental health- and substance use-related issues and extend the knowledge base by highlighting other important features such as treatment need, i.e., residential compared to outpatient treatment. These findings have implications for health care policy in terms of the need to increase prevention services and reduce costly hospitalization for a population at significant risk of co-occurring mental and physical disorders.
Pigmented Purpuric Eruptions of Childhood: A Series of Cases and Review of Literature

Pigmented purpuric eruptions comprise a group of benign dermatoses that are characterized clinically by pinpoint petechiae and purpura on a hyperpigmented base and histologically by capillaritis. The etiology of this group of disorders is unknown, although aberrant cell-mediated immunity has been proposed. Pigmented purpuric eruptions are well characterized in the pediatric population. In this case series we present three children with these disorders and review the clinical subtypes of pigmented purpuric eruptions that have been described in the literature.
Seasonal Patterns of Climate Controls Over Nitrogen Fixation by Alnus viridis subsp. Fruticosa in a Secondary Successional Chronosequence in Interior Alaska

Abstract: Patterns of and controls over N2 fixation by green alder were studied in post-fire, mid-succession, and white spruce upland forests in interior Alaska, focusing on the hypothesis that ecosystem-level nitrogen (N) inputs decrease with successional development. N2-fixation rates tracked plant phenology during the 1997 (drought) and 1998 (normal precipitation) growing seasons. The best model for predicting acetylene reductase activity (ARA, µmol C2H4·g noduleDWT-1·h-1) across all stands and sampling periods included a linear response to soil temperature and a quadratic response to Julian day (r2 = 0.23, P < 0.0001). There were few significant relationships between seasonal maximum values for ARA and measured leaf traits; however, we did detect an inverse correlation between foliar N to P ratio and seasonal maximum ARA. During 1998, stands with higher maximum ARA had higher soil %N, and maximum ARA was positively correlated with subcanopy %P in O and A soil horizons. During 1997, leaf %P and N resor...
Influence of Plant Polymers on the Distribution and Cultivation of Bacteria in the Phylum Acidobacteria

Members of the phylum Acidobacteria are among the most abundant bacteria in soil. Although they have been characterized as versatile heterotrophs, it is unclear if the types and availability of organic resources influence their distribution in soil. The potential for organic resources to select for different acidobacteria was assessed using molecular and cultivation-based approaches with agricultural and managed grassland soils in Michigan. The distribution of acidobacteria varied with the carbon content of soil: the proportion of subdivision 4 sequences was highest in agricultural soils (ca. 41%) that contained less carbon than grassland soils, where the proportions of subdivision 1, 3, 4, and 6 sequences were similar. Either readily oxidizable carbon or plant polymers were used as the sole carbon and energy source to isolate heterotrophic bacteria from these soils. Plant polymers increased the diversity of acidobacteria cultivated but decreased the total number of heterotrophs recovered compared to readily oxidizable carbon. Two phylogenetically novel Acidobacteria strains isolated on the plant polymer medium were characterized. Strains KBS 83 (subdivision 1) and KBS 96 (subdivision 3) are moderate acidophiles with pH optima of 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. Both strains grew slowly (μ = 0.01 h−1) and harbored either 1 (strain KBS 83) or 2 (strain KBS 96) copies of the 16S rRNA encoding gene—a genomic characteristic typical of oligotrophs. Strain KBS 83 is a microaerophile, growing optimally at 8% oxygen. These metabolic characteristics help delineate the niches that acidobacteria occupy in soil and are consistent with their widespread distribution and abundance.
Active bank switching for temperature control of the register file in a microprocessor

An effective thermal management scheme, called active bank switching, for temperature control in the register file of a microprocessor is presented. The idea is to divide the physical register file into two equal-sized banks, and to alternate between the two banks when allocating new registers to the instruction operands. Experimental results show that this periodic active bank switching scheme achieves 3.4°C of steady-state temperature reduction, with a mere 0.75% average performance penalty.
The effects of a bodybuilding thermogenic supplement in conjunction with a periodized resistance training program in resistance trained males

Background Males looking to improve their body composition may ingest thermogenic supplements for the purpose of losing body fat. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a commercially available dietary supplement (Arnold Iron CutsTM, which contains ingredients that promote thermogenesis) on body composition and maximal strength in a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled parallel groups design.
Current Concepts in Hip Preservation Surgery: Part II--Rehabilitation.

Context:Successful treatment of nonarthritic hip pain in young athletic individuals remains a challenge. A growing fund of clinical knowledge has paralleled technical innovations that have enabled hip preservation surgeons to address a multitude of structural variations of the proximal femur and acetabulum and concomitant intra-articular joint pathology. Often, a combination of open and arthroscopic techniques are necessary to treat more complex pathomorphologies. Peri- and postoperative recovery after such procedures can pose a substantial challenge to the patient, and a dedicated, thoughtful approach may reduce setbacks, limit morbidity, and help optimize functional outcomes.Evidence Acquisition:PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched to identify relevant scientific and review articles through December 2014 using the search terms hip preservation, labrum, surgical dislocation, femoroacetabular impingement, postoperative rehabilitation, peri-acetabular osteotomy, and rotational osteotomy. Reference lis...
Model Fair Debt Buying Practices Act

The Model Fair Debt Buying Practices Act would regulate the activities of a person or entity that has purchased charged-off debt. It would establish clear procedures, minimum documentation requirements, and affirmative obligations before a debt buyer can: (1) contact a debtor, (2) initiate a lawsuit, and (3) obtain and collect on a judgment. The Act will help to curb some of the worst abuses in the debt buying industry, ensure that consumers are not forced to pay debts they do not owe, and reduce frivolous lawsuits in state courts.
Genome- and epigenome-wide association study of hypertriglyceridemic waist in Mexican American families

There is growing interest in the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype, defined as high waist circumference (≥95 cm in males and ≥80 cm in females) combined with high serum triglyceride concentration (≥2.0 mmol/L in males and ≥1.5 mmol/L in females) as a marker of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. However, the prevalence of this phenotype in high-risk populations, its association with T2D, and the genetic or epigenetic influences on HTGW are not well explored. Using data from large, extended families of Mexican Americans (a high-risk minority population in the USA) we aimed to: (1) estimate the prevalence of this phenotype, (2) test its association with T2D and related traits, and (3) dissect out the genetic and epigenetic associations with this phenotype using genome-wide and epigenome-wide studies, respectively. Data for this study was from 850 Mexican American participants (representing 39 families) recruited under the ongoing San Antonio Family Heart Study, 26 % of these individuals had HTGW. This phenotype was significantly heritable (h 2 r = 0.52, p = 1.1 × 10−5) and independently associated with T2D as well as fasting glucose levels and insulin resistance. We conducted genome-wide association analyses using 759,809 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and epigenome-wide association analyses using 457,331 CpG sites. There was no evidence of any SNP associated with HTGW at the genome-wide level but two CpG sites (cg00574958 and cg17058475) in CPT1A and one CpG site (cg06500161) in ABCG1 were significantly associated with HTGW and remained significant after adjusting for the closely related components of metabolic syndrome. CPT1A holds a cardinal position in the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids while ABCG1 plays a role in triglyceride metabolism. Our results reemphasize the value of HTGW as a marker of T2D. This phenotype shows association with DNA methylation within CPT1A and ABCG1, genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism. Our results underscore the importance of epigenetics in a clinically informative phenotype.
Pollen foraging in a community of Osmia bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Thirteen species of Osmia bees were studied for 2 yr to determine their pollen foraging behavior in terms of individual and population constancy. Two species, Osmia californica Cresson and O. montana Cresson, were family-level oligoleges on Asteraceae. Two of the eleven polyleges were generalist pollen foragers: O. densa Cresson showed no statistical preference and O. albolateralis Cockerell showed a significant preference, but for two different pollens. Nine Osmia polyleges showed a local specialization for either a genus or family of flowering plants that was shown to be statistically significant: O. raritatus Michener and O. sladeni Sandhouse for Trifolium (Fabaceae); O. brevis Cresson for Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae); and O. bruneri Cockerell, O. calla Cockerell, O. indeprensa Sandhouse, O. kincaidii Cockerell, O. lignaria Say, and O. nanula Cockerell for Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae). Individual constancy measures were statistically higher for the oligoleges. Niche breadths and the number of flower species visited were not statistically different among the foraging groups. When tested against the expected oligolege and polylege niche breadths, observed oligolege niche breadths were not statistically different; however, polylege niche breadths were statistically lower than expected. The Osmia species showed flower partitioning and overlap; the overlap occurred on the most abundant flowering species in the study area. We have no indication or evidence of competition for pollen resources among the 13 species studied.
U.S. House Members in Their Constituencies: An Exploration

The paper addresses itself to two questions left underdeveloped in the literature on representative-constituent relations. First, what does the representative see when he or she sees a constituency? Second, what consequences do these perceptions have for his or her behavior? The paper reverses the normal Washington-oriented view of representative-constituent relations and approaches both questions by examining the representative in his or her constituency. The paper's observations are drawn from the author's travels with seventeen U.S. House members while they were working in their districts. Member perceptions of their constituency are divided into the geographical, the reelection, the primary and the personal constituencies. Attention is then given to the home style of House members. Home style is treated as an amalgam of three elements – allocation of resources, presentation of self, explanation of Washington activity. An effort is made to relate home style to the various perceived constituencies. Some observations are made relating constituency-oriented research to the existing literature on representation.
Assessing Concordance of Drug-Induced Transcriptional Response in Rodent Liver and Cultured Hepatocytes.

The effect of drugs, disease and other perturbations on mRNA levels are studied using gene expression microarrays or RNA-seq, with the goal of understanding molecular effects arising from the perturbation. Previous comparisons of reproducibility across laboratories have been limited in scale and focused on a single model. The use of model systems, such as cultured primary cells or cancer cell lines, assumes that mechanistic insights derived from the models would have been observed via in vivo studies. We examined the concordance of compound-induced transcriptional changes using data from several sources: rat liver and rat primary hepatocytes (RPH) from Drug Matrix (DM) and open TG-GATEs (TG), human primary hepatocytes (HPH) from TG, and mouse liver / HepG2 results from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. Gene expression changes for treatments were normalized to controls and analyzed with three methods: 1) gene level for 9071 high expression genes in rat liver, 2) gene set analysis (GSA) using canonical pathways and gene ontology sets, 3) weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Co-expression networks performed better than genes or GSA when comparing treatment effects within rat liver and rat vs. mouse liver. Genes and modules performed similarly at Connectivity Map-style analyses, where success at identifying similar treatments among a collection of reference profiles is the goal. Comparisons between rat liver and RPH, and those between RPH, HPH and HepG2 cells reveal lower concordance for all methods. We observe that the baseline state of untreated cultured cells relative to untreated rat liver shows striking similarity with toxicant-exposed cells in vivo, indicating that gross systems level perturbation in the underlying networks in culture may contribute to the low concordance.
Multimodal Versus Patient-Controlled Analgesia After an Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained surgical registry. OBJECTIVE To compare postoperative narcotic consumption between multimodal analgesia (MMA) and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Studies suggest that a multimodal approach to pain management leads to decreased pain and morphine consumption after total joint arthroplasty and lumbar spinal procedures. Patients and surgeons would benefit from knowing whether a multimodal approach to pain management is superior to PCA for ACDF. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of ACDF patients receiving either MMA or PCA was conducted. Inpatient narcotic consumption, pain scores, nausea/vomiting, hospital length of stay, and narcotic dependence during the months after surgery were compared between MMA and PCA. RESULTS A total of 239 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 55 (23.0%) received MMA and 184 (77.0%) received PCA. Patients who received MMA had a lower rate of inpatient narcotic consumption (2.5 OME/h vs. 5.8 OME/h, P < 0.001) were less likely to experience nausea/vomiting during the hospitalization (5.5% vs. 37.5%, P < 0.001), and had a shorter hospital length of stay (27.3 vs. 40.1 h, P < 0.001). However, there was no difference between groups in mean visual analogue pain scale during postoperative day zero (4.7 for MMA vs. 5.2 for PCA, P = 0.126) or during postoperative day one (4.1 for MMA vs. 4.1 for PCA, P = 0.937). In addition, there was no difference in the rate of narcotic dependence at the first (P = 0.626) or second (P = 0.480) postoperative visits. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MMA results in lower narcotic consumption than PCA after an ACDF. This difference is associated with a shorter inpatient stay and a decrease in postoperative nausea/vomiting. Critically, MMA and PCA appear to provide similar postoperative analgesia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Response—Single-Sex Education: Parameters Too Narrow

We appreciate the letter writers' responses to our Education Forum and reply to their concerns in turn. The Letters by Kalkus and by Park et al. argue that we neglected to cite certain studies showing the benefits of single-sex education. Our conclusion was based on several large research reviews
Time-to-Cessation of Postoperative Opioids: A Population-Level Analysis of the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Objective. This study aims to determine 1) the epidemiology of perioperative opioid use; and 2) the association between patterns of preoperative opioid use and time-to-cessation of postoperative opioids. Design. Retrospective, cohort study. Setting. National, population-level study of Veterans Healthcare Administration (VHA) electronic clinical data. Subjects. All VHA patients (n = 64,391) who underwent surgery in 2011, discharged after stays of ≥1 day, and receiving ≥1 opioid prescription within 90 days of discharge. Methods. Patients’ preoperative opioid use were categorized as 1) no opioids, 2) tramadol only, 3) short-acting (SA) acute/intermittent (≤ 90 days fill), 4) SA chronic (> 90 days fill), or 5) any long-acting (LA). After defining cessation as 90 consecutive, opioid-free days, the authors calculated time-to-opioid-cessation (in days), from day 1 to day 365, after hospital discharge. The authors developed extended Cox regression models with a priori identified predictors. Sensitivity analyses used alternative cessation definitions (30 or 180 consecutive days). Results. Almost 60% of the patients received preoperative opioids: tramadol (7.5%), SA acute/intermittent (24.1%), SA chronic (17.5%), and LA (5.2%). For patients opioid-free preoperatively, median time-to-cessation of opioids postoperatively was 15 days. The SA acute/intermittent cohort (HR =1.96; 95% CI =1.92-2.00) had greater risk for prolonged time-to-cessation than those opioid-free (reference), but lower risk than those taking tramadol only, SA chronic (HR = 9.09; 95% CI = 8.33-9.09), or LA opioids (HR = 9.09; 95% CI = 8.33-10.00). Diagnoses of chronic pain, substance-use, or affective disorders were weaker positive predictors. Sensitivity analyses maintained findings. Conclusion . Greater preoperative levels of opioid use were associated with progressively longer time-to-cessation postoperatively.
Inflammasomes recruit natural killer cells to prevent infection by a ubiquitous environmental bacterium (MPF4P.726)

Our lab has shown that inflammasome-triggered pyroptosis ejects microbes from replication niches in macrophages, exposing them to neutrophil killing. Because bona fide intracellular pathogens must evade pyroptosis in vivo, the role of pyroptosis in defense has primarily been observed in pathogens deprived of evasion strategies. To identify naturally occurring bacteria that are cleared via pyroptosis, we considered pathogens that are specific to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a neutrophil killing deficiency. We hypothesize that a subset of these microbes may be detected by inflammasomes and cleared via pyroptosis. In a survey of CGD pathogens, we discovered a ubiquitous environmental microbe, Chromobacterium violaceum , that is avirulent in WT mice (which resist a 1,000,000 CFU challenge), but is extremely virulent in inflammasome deficient mice (succumb to 100 CFU). This is the most penetrant inflammasome phenotype against any infection: bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic. Further, our studies with C. violaceum reveal a unique link between inflammasome driven IL-18 and NK cell cytotoxicity that functions in parallel to pyroptosis to eliminate intracellular replication niches. We posit that a subset of environmental microbes can be developed as powerful in vivo tools to study innate immune responses in the context of an appropriate and fully functional inflammasome response.
Capacitive displacement sensor for detecting planar submicrometer motion

This paper describes the design of a very simple displacement sensor that measures the change in the position of an object by sensing the change in capacitance due to the movement of this object in the sensor fringing electric field. Two sensor geometries with small footprints were considered and several sensor variations were built and tested. At distances of approximately 0.5 μm and 30 μm, test results demonstrated that the sensors’ resolution was in the order of tens of nanometers.
Significant enhancement of fatty acid composition in seeds of the allohexaploid, Camelina sativa, using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.

The CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease system is a powerful and flexible tool for genome editing, and novel applications of this system are being developed rapidly. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to target the FAD2 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana and in the closely related emerging oil seed plant, Camelina sativa, with the goal of improving seed oil composition. We successfully obtained Camelina seeds in which oleic acid content was increased from 16% to over 50% of the fatty acid composition. These increases were associated with significant decreases in the less desirable polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (i.e. a decrease from ~16% to <4%) and linolenic acid (a decrease from ~35% to <10%). These changes result in oils that are superior on multiple levels: they are healthier, more oxidatively stable and better suited for production of certain commercial chemicals, including biofuels. As expected, A. thaliana T2 and T3 generation seeds exhibiting these types of altered fatty acid profiles were homozygous for disrupted FAD2 alleles. In the allohexaploid, Camelina, guide RNAs were designed that simultaneously targeted all three homoeologous FAD2 genes. This strategy that significantly enhanced oil composition in T3 and T4 generation Camelina seeds was associated with a combination of germ-line mutations and somatic cell mutations in FAD2 genes in each of the three Camelina subgenomes.
Do the Ends Strengthen the Means? An Examination of the Link Between Purpose in Life and Academic Misconduct Among College Students

AbstractScholarship addressing academic misconduct has started to examine the relationship between academic misconduct and student virtues such as self-control. To date, however, no one has studied the relationship between academic misconduct and life purpose. To address this gap, the authors drew upon a large sample of 2,503 college students and used the structural equation modeling technique to examine this relationship. Although no direct relationship was found, the authors did find an indirect, negative association between students’ purpose in life and self-reported engagement of academic misconduct.
Intercellular Relations in the Development of Amphibian Pigmentation

The role of intercellular influences in the control of differentiation finds many illustrations in the development of amphibian pigmentation. From the time the chromatophores leave the neural crest as colourless, amoeboid cells, until they come to rest as differentiated elements of the distinctive pigment pattern, their developmental behaviour is conditioned throughout by effects exerted mutually by the chromatophores themselves or imposed upon them by the cells of neighbouring tissues. For the purposes of the present discussion, I shall limit myself to examples of intercellular relations affecting (1) the migration of chromatoblasts and (2) their synthesis of pigment. Various suggestions have been made concerning the nature of the factors responsible for the dispersion of pro-pigment cells from the mid-dorsal line to their resting-places throughout the skin. One is that the cells are actually drawn ventrally in response to a true chemotactic attraction exerted by the skin beneath which they spread.
Activation of bitter taste receptors in pulmonary nociceptors sensitizes TRPV1 channels through the PLC and PKC signaling pathway.

Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs), a G protein-coupled receptor family capable of detecting numerous bitter-tasting compounds, have recently been shown to be expressed and play diverse roles in many ex...
Abstract 2: Loss of Rictor in Macrophages Suppresses Their Viability and Reduces Atherosclerosis in LDLR Null Mice

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays a central role in the regulation of cell viability, growth and metabolism. mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) directl...
Prenatal diagnosis by droplet digital PCR

In this issue of Blood , Hudecova and colleagues describe a simple, noninvasive assay for prenatal detection of hemophilia by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) on maternal peripheral blood. 1
Backlog-adaptive compression: Age of information

The end-to-end delay of streaming source coding is characterized by an age of information (AoI) metric that measures the number of symbol periods the decoder output lags behind the encoder input. The source encoder receives input source symbols one per unit time and sequentially outputs binary codewords to a constant rate channel that transmits bits to the decoder. We examine a system in which knowledge of the busy/idle state at the channel interface enables the encoder to switch among codebooks with different source blocklengths based on the backlog of symbols at the encoder. We start by introducing two source sequence parsing policies and show that in each of them the blocklength process can be modeled by a Markov chain. We show by experiments that blocklength adjustment based on the channel interface state provides lower average age than codes with fixed blocklength. Aiming to avoid unnecessary frequent blocklength changes by the encoder backlog, we propose maximum blocklength control scheme at the encoder to further reduce the average age.
Cardiovascular Receptors and Signaling in Heart Failure

Abstract The adrenergic receptor signaling system has been a prototype for understanding the structure, function, and pharmacokinetics of hormone–receptor interactions. In parallel with our advancing knowledge of cardiac β-receptor biology, β-blockers have become the standard of care for adults with heart failure, one of the best examples of translation of basic science knowledge to the clinical setting. Understanding the basic biology of β-receptor downregulation and cardiotoxic signaling has provided a mechanism for the clinical efficacy of β-blockers. As new questions have arisen, e.g., differences in response across ethnic/racial groups, they have been taken from the bedside back to the bench, leading to a new appreciation of β-receptor pharmacogenomics, and the potential for personalized medicine approaches. Similarly, developing a better basic understanding of β-arrestin-biased signaling, will allow the design of next generation β-blockers that will more directly target cardiotoxic pathways. However, as clinical research in adult heart failure moves forward at a rapid pace, how pediatric cardiologists can apply these data to children remains an ongoing challenge.
Application of methyl-TROSY to a large paramagnetic membrane protein without perdeuteration: 13C-MMTS-labeled NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase

NMR spectroscopy of membrane proteins involved in electron transport is difficult due to the presence of both the lipids and paramagnetic centers. Here we report the solution NMR study of the NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) in its reduced and oxidized states. We interrogate POR, first, in its truncated soluble form (70 kDa), which is followed by experiments with the full-length protein incorporated in a lipid nanodisc (240 kDa). To overcome paramagnetic relaxation in the reduced state of POR as well as the signal broadening due to its high molecular weight, we utilized the methyl-TROSY approach. Extrinsic 13C-methyl groups were introduced by modifying the engineered surface-exposed cysteines with methyl-methanethiosulfonate. Chemical shift dispersion of the resonances from different sites in POR was sufficient to monitor differential effects of the reduction–oxidation process and conformation changes in the POR structure related to its function. Despite the high molecular weight of the POR-nanodisc complex, the surface-localized 13C-methyl probes were sufficiently mobile to allow for signal detection at 600 MHz without perdeuteration. This work demonstrates a potential of the solution methyl-TROSY in analysis of structure, dynamics, and function of POR, which may also be applicable to similar paramagnetic and flexible membrane proteins.
The Soar Architecture

In this chapter we propose a problem-space architecture, called Soar; that implements universal subgoaling.4 Throughout this chapter we will verify that Soar satisfies the six requirements for universal subgoaling listed in Figure 1–4. Soar is a modification of the Soar1 architecture (Laird & Newell, 1983b). At appropriate places, we will contrast Soar to the Soar1 architecture.
Against Labor: how US employers organized to defeat union activism

Over the past two decades historians have devoted increasing attention to the rise of the US conservative movement since the New Deal era, producing a growing body of rich scholarship on the moveme...
Linking muscle metabolism and functional variation to field swimming performance in bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus )

Skeletal muscle has diverse mechanical roles during locomotion. In swimming fish, power-producing muscles work in concert with the accessory muscles of the fins which augment and control power transfer to the water. Although fin muscles represent a significant proportion of the locomotor muscle mass, their physiological properties are poorly characterized. To examine the relationship between muscle metabolism and the differing mechanical demands placed on distinct muscle groups, we quantified the aerobic and glycolytic capacities of the myotomal, pectoral and caudal muscles of bluegill sunfish. These were indicated by the activities of citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase, rate-limiting enzymes for aerobic respiration and glycolysis, respectively. The well-established roles of slow and fast myotomal muscle types in sustained and transient propulsive movements allows their use as benchmarks to which other muscles can be compared to assess their function. Slow myotomal muscle had the highest CS activity, consistent with meeting the high metabolic and mechanical power demands of body-caudal fin (BCF) swimming at the upper end of the aerobically supported speed range. The largest pectoral adductors and abductors had CS activities lower than the slow myotomal muscle, in line with their role supplying thrust for low-speed, low-power swimming. The metabolic capacities of the caudal muscles were surprisingly low and inconsistent with their activity during steady-state BCF swimming at high speeds. This may reflect adaptation to the observed swimming behavior in the field, which typically involved short bouts of BCF-propulsive cycles rather than sustained propulsive activity.
International Consumer Involvement in Purchase Decisions

In Chap. 9, in addition to cognitive and affective stages, consumer adoptive behavior was shown to be a product of disposition to behave and actual behavior. The end result of actual behavior is purchasing products or services (Exhibit 9.2). In that chapter, other externalities and other internalities are introduced. As discussed in Chap. 9, among other external factors are country of origin and country of production cues. These are important influencers on the behavior of international consumers. Similarly, other internal factors are extremely important. They basically modify the behavior patterns of the international consumer. Two other internal factors are primarily identified in this book. They are involvement and learning. This chapter deals with involvement and the following chapter emphasizes learning. For international marketing practitioners, these concepts are critical in the formulation and implementation of marketing strategies.
Reconstitution of Genetic Strains of Salmonids Using Biotechnical Approaches

Genetic conservation of the existing salmonid stocks is an important goal in itself and as a component of programs designed to insure viable and sustainable fisheries under changing environmental conditions. These genetic resources may also become a valuable source of genes in support of the changing needs of the aquaculture industry.
Implementation of the Quality Measures in the Neurology Residents' Clinic: Experience in a Single Institution (P03.121)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess the implementation of the epilepsy quality measures in the residents9 clinic at our institution. BACKGROUND: Due to gaps in practice and recommended guidelines, there has been a push toward implementing quality measures to be used for improving patient care. Quality measures for the care of epilepsy were developed and published in January 2011. DESIGN/METHODS: The eight quality measures assessed were: seizure type and current seizure frequency, documentation of etiology of epilepsy, EEG results, MRI/CT scan, querying and counseling about antiepileptic drug side effects, surgical therapy referral consideration for intractable epilepsy, counseling about epilepsy specific safety issues, and counseling for women of childbearing potential with epilepsy. Clinic charts of patients from the neurology residents9 clinic with a diagnosis of epilepsy were reviewed for the month of September 2012. Twenty-nine patients were identified. There were 20 men and 9 women (6 of childbearing age). Mean age was 33.6 years. RESULTS: The most frequently documented epilepsy quality measures included EEG, 26 patients, and brain imaging, 27 patients, which were reviewed or requested (89.6% compliance and 93% compliance, respectively). Seizure etiology was addressed for 23 (79.3% compliance). One patient had already epilepsy surgery, otherwise candidacy for surgery was not addressed for 3 patients (89% compliance). Counseling of women of childbearing age was performed in all but 2 patients (66.6% compliance). The least addressed measures (62% compliance) included antiepileptic medication side effects, seizure type and frequency, and safety issues. CONCLUSIONS: In this study looking at the implementation of the epilepsy measures in our residents9 clinic, there was not a single quality measure that had 100% compliance. Compliance was below 70% for 4 measures. The use of a standardized electronic template and resident education may help in assuring 100% compliance with the epilepsy metrics. Disclosure: Dr. McKee has nothing to disclose. Dr. Youssefi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bensalem Owen has received research support from Sunovion, Lundbeck, UCB Pharma and Eisai, Inc.
Many faces of the same myeloid neoplasm: a case of leukaemia cutis with mixed histiocytic and Langerhans cell differentiation

Cutaneous involvement by a myeloid neoplasm (myeloid leukaemia cutis), such as chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), can show a spectrum of morphological features and maturation stages, with occasional evidence of histiocytic/dendritic cell differentiation.1 This has to be distinguished from de novo or clonally unrelated histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms, which may also arise in patients with underlying myeloid neoplasms. Here, we describe a patient with myeloid leukaemia cutis showing mixed histiocytic and Langerhans cell differentiation arising from underlying CMML/AML. This is an illustrative case of clonal evolution of a myeloid neoplasm that demonstrates at least three distinct constellations of clinical, pathological and molecular findings. The patient is a 56-year-old man with a prior diagnosis of AML who now presents with a 5-month history of slowly progressive skin nodules. At the time of initial leukaemia diagnosis 10 months prior, the disease was characterised as AML, not otherwise specified with 80% myeloblasts (see legend of figure 1A for immunophenotype and cytochemical characterisation), background dysmegakaryopoiesis and a normal karyotype (figure 1A and B). A peripheral blood smear at the time was notable for a marked leucocytosis (white blood cell count 59.68 x 109/L) with 14% monocytes and 25% blasts, normochromic macrocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 9.0 g/dL, mean cell volume (MCV) 102.4 fL) with anisocytosis, and thrombocytopenia with unremarkable morphology (platelets 86 x 109/L). The only other available complete blood count (CBC) from 5 years prior was notable only for a platelet count of 106 x 109/L. Following standard induction and re-induction therapy, the patient appeared to be in morphological complete remission. One month after completion of induction therapy, CBCs revealed a persistent leucocytosis (up to 58.87 x 109/L) with monocytosis (up to 52%, 20.51 x 109/L), thrombocytopenia (50–90 x 109 …
Monitoring Intracranial Pressure Using Non-Invasive Brain Stethoscope

Monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) is vital for patients with elevated, or potentially elevated ICP. This pressure can be monitored using invasive procedures such as lumbar puncture manometry or various methods of direct measurement in or upon the brain, each with attendant complication risks. Measurement of naturally occurring tympanic membrane pulse (TMp) may provide an alternative non-invasive method of monitoring ICP, which would help the risks of invasive methodologies. This paper discusses a piezo based sensor (which we term the “brain stethoscope”) designed and tested to acquire TMp signals. In addition, the TMp signals were acquired from five human subjects where ICP was expected to vary. ICP was increased in this experimental model using head down positioning on a tilt table. Results showed that tympanic membrane waveform changed in morphology and amplitude with increased ICP. The lead time between the TMp signal and a reference signal (Ear lobe blood flow pulse) was found to increase as ICP increased using this model. We conclude that measurement of TMp changes may provide a new non-invasive, low cost and easy to perform technique for monitoring patients at risk of elevated ICP.
Author Correction: Jungle Express is a versatile repressor system for tight transcriptional control

In the original version of this Article, an incorrect URL was provided in the Data Availability Statement regarding the deposition of plasmids listed in Supplementary Table 4. The correct URL is https://public-registry.jbei.org/folders/378 . This error has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
A New Photovoltaic System Topology Through Load Management

Conventional photovoltaic (PV) systems are designed to compensate for the intermittent nature of solar energy, and therefore require multiple power-managing components like storage batteries, maximum power point trackers, and charge controllers. Each of these components adds an additional cost and has an associated power loss. In this paper, we present a new topology for PV systems. Instead of managing the power from the PV array, our system manages the loads and matches them to the instantaneous maximum power available from the PV array. This results in a far simpler system than conventional systems with a higher efficiency and lower cost for various applications.
First-Time Experience in Owning a Dog Guide by Older Adults with Vision Loss:

Introduction:In spite of the vast amount of literature on pet therapy and dog companionship, limited studies exist on older adults with vision loss and the experience of owning a dog guide. The pur...
Economics and Incentives Driving IoT Privacy and Security, Pt. 1

This column delves into privacy risks of the IoT using risk concepts that are more native to the security domain in order to conceptually bridge our collective understanding, articulation, and management of privacy concerns in the IoT which otherwise might not be sufficiently considered or foreseen by existing legal and technical controls.
Exergaming Executive Functions: An Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Training for Adults Aged 50 and Older

Prior research suggests that both exergaming and virtual reality (VR)-based training programs could improve executive functions in older adults. However, few studies investigated whether combining ...
Constructing the Original Scope of Constitutional Rights

In this solicited response to Ingrid Wuerth's "The Due Process and Other Constitutional Rights of Foreign Nations," I explain and justify Wuerth's methodology for constructing the original scope of constitutional rights. The original understanding of the Constitution, based on text and historical context, is a universally acknowledged part of constitutional law today. The original scope of constitutional rights — who was entitled to them, where they extended, and so on — is a particularly difficult question that requires a measure of construction based on the entire historical context. Wuerth rightly proceeds one right at a time with a careful consideration of the legal history of the judicial rights of foreign states.
Preparing for Total Power Failure in the Operating Room

Total electrical power failure in the operating room is an uncommon event, but when it occurs, it poses a major threat to patient safety. Perhaps the most curable threat to patient safety is the lack of provider knowledge regarding what equipment capabilities will be lost and how long devices will function on battery power. The purpose of this project was to determine the internal battery-related capabilities and duration of function of site-specific anesthesia equipment during a total power failure and to develop a power failure protocol. Equipment capabilities and duration of function on internal battery power were assessed for several anesthesia gas machines (AGM), vital sign monitors, and intravenous infusion pumps. Testing revealed substantial differences in AGM battery life compared with the manufacturer's reference values. Vital sign monitors integral to the AGM failed immediately on simulation of a power failure, whereas portable vital sign monitors and infusion pumps functioned, on average, for 150 and 270 minutes, respectively. Because many devices relied on in the operating room do not operate or have reduced functional capability during a power failure, it is important to have a site-specific protocol to optimize patient care decision making in the event of a total power failure.
Wearable sensor-based detection of stress and craving in patients during treatment for substance use disorder: A mixed methods pilot study.

Abstract Aims To determine the accuracy of a wearable sensor to detect and differentiate episodes of self-reported craving and stress in individuals with substance use disorders, and to assess acceptability, barriers, and facilitators to sensor-based monitoring in this population. Methods This was an observational mixed methods pilot study. Adults enrolled in an outpatient treatment program for a substance use disorder wore a non-invasive wrist-mounted sensor for four days and self-reported episodes of stress and craving. Continuous physiologic data (accelerometry, skin conductance, skin temperature, and heart rate) were extracted from the sensors and analyzed via various machine learning algorithms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted upon study completion, and thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data from semi-structured interviews. Results Thirty individuals completed the protocol, and 43 % (N = 13) were female. A total of 41 craving and 104 stress events were analyzed. The differentiation accuracies of the top performing models were as follows: stress vs. non-stress states 74.5 % (AUC 0.82), craving vs. no-craving 75.7 % (AUC 0.82), and craving vs. stress 76.8 % (AUC 0.8). Overall participant perception was positive, and acceptability was high. Emergent themes from the exit interviews included a perception of connectedness and increased mindfulness related to wearing the sensor, both of which were reported as helpful to recovery. Barriers to engagement included interference with other daily wear items, and perceived stigma. Conclusions Wearable sensors can be used to objectively differentiate episodes of craving and stress, and individuals in recovery from substance use disorder are accepting of continuous monitoring with these devices.
Re-entrant groove heat pipe

This paper describes theoretical and experimentally verified heat pipe characteristics of an axially grooved aluminum extrusion with a re-entrant groove profile. The extrusion is 13 mm diameter with 20 axial grooves, each groove consisting of a nominal .8 mm diameter channel with a .2 mm wide passageway connecting the channel to the hollow core. A computer program was written to compute the zero gravity heat transport capability of the extrusion. A heat pipe was fabricated and its performance characteristics measured. The characteristics of the pipe with ammonia at 20 C are: zero gravity pumping limit 143 w-meters; static wicking height 21.5 mm; evaporator and condenser coefficients 7300 and 20,500 watt/sq m C, respectively.
Defect analysis and fatigue strength prediction of as-built Ti6Al4V parts, produced using electron beam melting (EBM) AM technology

Abstract Ti6Al4V alloy has been highly employed in numerous applications of aerospace, medical, and chemical industries because of having excellent corrosion resistance, fracture toughness and high specific strength. Various studies on fatigue have shown that under cyclic loading fatigue cracks preferentially initiate and propagate from both the external surface defect or internal defect depending on severity and size of the defect. Although, electron beam melting (EBM) provides excellent prospect to the additive manufacturing (AM) technology in terms of energy, cost, and time efficiency, it produces rougher surfaces as compared to the other AM processes. For this reason, fatigue performances of as-built EBM parts could be poor. In the current study, the surface roughness profile on different sides of the as-built EBM Ti6Al4V parts with different orientations has been analyzed to determine anomaly of surface roughness parameters resulting from sample orientations. The average surface roughness parameter (Ra) was observed to fluctuate from 6 µm to 27 µm among different sides and build orientations of the samples. Furthermore, internal porosity of these parts was analyzed using X-ray computed tomography (CT) and found to vary between 0.05% to 0.17% in different build orientations. Based on this defect analysis, the fatigue strength of these parts has been calculated nondestructively using a quantitative method, Murakami's square root of area parameter model and Basquin's model. Besides, the severity of internal and external defects on fatigue strength have been evaluated and the external surface defects were rendered to be more critical as potential crack initiation sites.