cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactive E-Journaling in Group Work: Perspectives from Counselor Trainees

This qualitative study explores the dynamics of exchanging e-journals among counseling trainees who participated in an interpersonal growth group. Interviews were conducted with participants who discussed the influence of e-journals on their group experience. E-journaling extended the group both spatially and temporally, and participants reported how exchanging e-journals differed from and complemented face-to-face group interaction. Recommendations and directions for using e-journals as an adjunct in group work for counselor trainees are provided.
PromisQoS: an architecture for delivering QoS to high-performance applications on Myrinet clusters

Clusters of workstations are being extensively used for solving computationally intensive scientific problems. However, there is limited support for quality of service (QoS) based distributed computing on commercial off- the-shelf (COTS) clusters. This limitation has restricted successful deployment of distributed real-time high-performance computing applications to customized and dedicated embedded multi-processor systems. This paper describes research work that attempts to provide a cluster platform that can guarantee access to computational and communication resources to distributed applications. The authors have developed PromisQoS, an architecture that supports execution of hard real-time distributed applications on a Linux cluster while providing high-throughput and low-latency communication using Myrinet. PromisQoS consists of the following major components - Hare, BDM-RT and Turtle. Hare is a prototype implementation of time-based QoS channels specified by the real-time message passing interface (MPI/RT 1.1) standard. BDM-RT is a low-level messaging library on Myrinet that provides deterministic communication latency and bandwidth on Myrinet. Turtle, a variant of RT-Linux, is the real-time operating system that provides guaranteed computation time. This work demonstrates that it is possible to deploy hard real-time distributed applications on COTS clusters and underlines the significance of the MPI/RT API in the realm of distributed high-performance computing applications that require QoS.
Cellular response of mouse oocytes to freezing stress: prediction of intracellular ice formation.

Successful protocols for cryopreservation of living cells can be designed if the physicochemical conditions to preclude intracellular ice formation (IIF) can be defined. Unfortunately, all attempts to predict the probability of IIF have met with very limited success. In this study, an analytical model is developed to predict ice formation inside mouse oocytes subjected to a freezing stress. According to the model, IIF is catalyzed heterogeneously by the plasma membrane (i.e., surface catalyzed nucleation, SCN). A local site on the plasma membrane is assumed to become an ice nucleator in the presence of the extracellular ice via its effects on the membrane. This interaction is characterized by the contact angle between the plasma membrane and the ice cluster. In addition, IIF is assumed to be catalyzed at temperatures below -30 degrees C by intracellular particles distributed throughout the cell volume (i.e., volume catalyzed nucleation, VCN). In the present study, these two distinctly coupled modes of IIF, especially SCN, are applied to various experimental protocols from mouse oocytes. Excellent agreement between predictions and observations suggests that the proposed model of IIF is adequate.
An Analysis of a Circadian Rhythm of Oviposition in Oncopeltus Fasciatus

1. Oviposition in Oncopeltus fasciatus shows a daily periodicity, eggs being laid 4-10 h after light onset. 2. In constant light the inter-ovipositional interval is temperature dependent, being about 12 h at 28°C and 27 h at 23°C. 3. Ovariectomized females began to display normal ovipositional behaviour and attempt oviposition after hypertrophy of the fat body. 4. Ovariectomized females attempt to oviposit 4-10 h after light onset, just as do normal intact females, indicating that control of the time of oviposition lies, at least in part, outside the ovary.
Evaluation of mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells from patients with severe coronary artery disease as a source of endothelial progenitor cells

Background aims The distinction between hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) is poorly defined. Co-expression of CD34 antigen with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR2) is currently used to define EPC (1).
Experiments with deceptive software responses to buffer-overflow attacks

Modern intrusion detection systems have become good at identifying many kinds of malicious users on computer systems. Systems could use deception to fool the attacker about the results of their actions so that the attacker would waste time on fruitless endeavors. Deceptive software could also provide autonomous protective software responses to identified intrusions for a "second line of defense" when access controls have been subverted or destroyed. We examined three methods of responding to a malicious attempt to overflow the input buffer. All were done by modifying an image-browser Web portal (interface program) that was implemented with the Java "servlet" package.
Real-Time Investigation of Referential Domains in Unscripted Conversation: A Targeted Language Game Approach

Two experiments examined the restriction of referential domains during unscripted conversation by analyzing the modification and online interpretation of referring expressions. Experiment 1 demonstrated that from the earliest moments of processing, addressees interpreted referring expressions with respect to referential domains constrained by the conversation. Analysis of eye movements during the conversation showed elimination of standard competition effects seen with scripted language. Results from Experiment 2 pinpointed two pragmatic factors responsible for restriction of the referential domains used by speakers to design referential expressions and demonstrated that the same factors predict whether addressees consider local competitors to be potential referents during online interpretation of the same expressions. These experiments demonstrate, for the first time, that online interpretation of referring expressions in conversation is facilitated by referential domains constrained by pragmatic factors that predict when addressees are likely to encounter temporary ambiguity in language processing.
Analysis and optimization of synchronous buck converter at high slew-rate load current transients

Analytical equations are derived for a power supply system at high slew-rate load current transients. The analyzed model includes a synchronous buck converter, controller, output capacitor and supply bus parasitics. The impacts of system parameters on output voltage transient response are studied. An optimization procedure for power supply system design is suggested. Finally, influence of controller limitations on transient response characteristics is evaluated. Analytically derived waveforms are in good agreement with measurements.
Brachytherapy monotherapy for older men with prostate cancer

Men with low-risk localized prostate cancer are presented with several definitive treatment choices: radical prostatectomy, external-beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy. Although these three treatment choices confer a statistically equivalent likelihood of long- term disease-free survival, these therapies differ in their acute and long-term side-effect profiles. Brachytherapy is a minimally invasive radiotherapy procedure, and is an excellent treatment in men who do not want, or are unable to tolerate, a prostatectomy. The following article will present an overview of the epidemiology of prostate cancer, brachytherapy eligibility and a description of the techniques, side effects and efficacy, with a special emphasis on applicability to older men.
Inappropriate sinus tachycardia, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, and overlapping syndromes.

Background: Inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IAST) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) are syndrome complexes with some distinctive features, overlapping clinical manifestations, and potential common mechanisms. Pathogenesis of these overlapping syndromes is poorly understood. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have not been standardized. Purpose: This article provides an overview of the definition, clinical presentation, and proposed mechanisms of IAST and other overlapping syndromes. A stepwise diagnostic approach is suggested. A multidisciplinary management scheme is outlined. Methods: A MEDLINE search for English-language articles on IAST, POTS, and chronic orthostatic intolerance published up to 2005 was performed. Published data incorporated with our clinical experience were synthesized and presented in this review. Results: The population of IAST is heterogeneous and underlying mechanisms are complex and likely multifactorial. Evidence suggests that both cardiac and extracardiac causes are plausible. Regional and limited autonomic neuropathies, at least in part, can provide a mechanism-based explanation of the cardiovascular indices and clinical symptoms in a significant number of patients with IAST. The regional abnormalities can be detected by autonomic testing. Among patients with IAST and evidence of autonomic dysregulation, an integrated autonomic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric management approach appears to be logical and rational when appropriate. Sinus node ablation could be considered in patients with persistent IAST in the absence of autonomic neuropathy and multisystem symptoms. Data from long-term outcomes are lacking. Conclusion: The current understanding of IAST mechanisms is incomplete and management approach is not adequate. Significant effort needed in clinical research to improve therapeutic outcome.
Visualization of multiple sensor measurements in a VR environment for integrated systems health management in rocket engine tests

This paper presents our continuing work in the area of using virtual reality (VR) environments for the integrated systems health management of complex test environments, such as those found in a rocket engine test stand. Specifically, the paper focuses on the design and development of a software framework for integrating and displaying multiple sensor measurements. Various forms of data are displayed inside the VR environment in conjunction with the associated graphics which correspond to the physical structure of the test-stand (piping, valves, sensors, etc.). Results demonstrating the application of our method for visualizing scalar, vector and system-state data are presented.
West Nile virus induced vocal fold paralysis.

Objective: West Nile virus has recently become a public health concern in the United States, after an outbreak in New York City in 1999. It is a mosquito-borne virus that causes a spectrum of disease from flu-like symptoms to encephalopathy, muscle weakness, and, in some cases, death. Study Design: Case Report. Methods: A patient infected with West Nile virus presented with progressive muscle weakness, and later developed bilateral vocal fold paresis. His clinical presentation, physical and laboratory examination findings, and course of illness will be discussed. Results: After a prolonged hospital stay, and presumptive treatment for Guillain-Barre, repeat CSF analysis revealed infection with the West Nile virus. The patient developed bilateral vocal fold paralysis during his hospital course. At long-term follow-up, the patient's left vocal fold paralysis persisted, while the right vocal fold paralysis had resolved. Conclusions: Although several viruses have been associated with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, this is the first report of West Nile virus induced vocal fold paralysis.
Endosidin 7 Specifically Arrests Late Cytokinesis and Inhibits Callose Biosynthesis, Revealing Distinct Trafficking Events during Cell Plate Maturation

Although cytokinesis is vital for plant growth and development, our mechanistic understanding of the highly regulated membrane and cargo transport mechanisms in relation to polysaccharide deposition during this process is limited. Here, we present an in-depth characterization of the small molecule endosidin 7 (ES7) inhibiting callose synthase activity and arresting late cytokinesis both in vitro and in vivo in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ES7 is a specific inhibitor for plant callose deposition during cytokinesis that does not affect endomembrane trafficking during interphase or cytoskeletal organization. The specificity of ES7 was demonstrated (1) by comparing its action with that of known inhibitors such as caffeine, flufenacet, and concanamycin A and (2) across kingdoms with a comparison in yeast. The interplay between cell plate-specific post-Golgi vesicle traffic and callose accumulation was analyzed using ES7, and it revealed unique and temporal contributions of secretory and endosomal vesicles in cell plate maturation. While RABA2A-labeled vesicles, which accumulate at the early stage of cell plate formation, were not affected by ES7, KNOLLE was differentially altered by the small molecule. In addition, the presence of clathrin-coated vesicles in cells containing elevated levels of callose and their reduction under ES7 treatment further support the role of endocytic membrane remodeling in the maturing cell plate while the plate is stabilized by callose. Taken together, these data show the essential role of callose during the late stages of cell plate maturation and establish the temporal relationship between vesicles and regulatory proteins at the cell plate assembly matrix during polysaccharide deposition.
Effect of surgical technique on limb function after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs

Objective—To determine the outcome and effect of surgical technique on limb function after surgery for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL) and injury to the medial meniscus in Labrador Retrievers. Study Design—Prospective clinical study. Animals—131 Labrador Retrievers with unilateral RCCL and injury to the medial meniscus and 17 clinically normal Labrador Retrievers. Procedure—Affected dogs had partial or complete medial meniscectomy and lateral suture stabilization (LSS), intracapsular stabilization (ICS), or tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). Limb function was measured before surgery and 2 and 6 months after surgery. Treated dogs were evaluated to determine the probability that they could be differentiated from clinically normal dogs and tested to determine the likelihood that they achieved improvement. Results—No difference was found between LSS or TPLO groups, but dogs treated with ICS had significantly lower ground reaction forces at 2 and 6 months. Compared with clinically normal...
Fault tolerant VLSI systems

A wide variety of fault tolerance techniques for VLSI technology are examined. Device-, gate-, and function-levels fault models are described. The basic methods available to the designer of fault tolerance measures are introduced by surveying redundancy techniques. Techniques of fault detection that use space, time, and information redundancies, algorithm-based fault tolerance, in VLSI components, large-scale processor-level implementations of fault detection, fault tolerance in automated VLSI production systems are discussed. Reconfiguration of the system and recovery of system operation are described. Issues relating to the reconfiguration after discovery of a fault in fabrication or in operation are discussed. Recovery capabilities of a VLSI microprocessor are reviewed. >
Optimization of carrier phase estimation for 112 Gbit/s PM-QPSK systems

For 112 Gbit/s PM-QPSK systems, the residual phase noise auto-correlation function with a lag of N can serve as a suitable monitor signal for optimizing the averaging in carrier phase estimation algorithms.
Elevational gradient of neoformed shoot growth in Populus tremuloides

Determinate growth involves cessation of leaf formation prior to the end of the growing season, whereas indeterminate growth involves leaf formation for as long as environmental conditions allow. Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) has been described as having both types of growth. This variation is partially due to canopy bud position, but environmental factors may also contribute. In this study, buds from the same canopy position of aspen trees in northern Colorado, USA, exhibited less neoformation with increasing elevation (R2 = 0.78). Evidence suggests that this is primarily a response to the characteristically cooler temperatures and shorter growing seasons of higher elevations.
EvENT-rElaTEd braiN POTENTialS aNd SOCial COgNiTiON: ON uSiNg PhySiOlOgiCal iNfOrmaTiON TO CONSTraiN SOCial COgNiTivE ThEOriES

Recent years have witnessed a surge of interest in using various psychophysiological methods to study a wide range of social psychological phenomena. This article reviews research in which a particular psychophysiological measure—the event-related brain potential (ERP)—has been used to augment traditional behavioral measures of social cognition, thereby providing more comprehensive assessment of underlying brain processes that give rise to observed behavioral effects. More specifically, the aim of this article is to outline a particular approach to using ERPs in social cognition aimed at using information derived from neurocognitive responses to limit the theoretical mechanisms that can be said to account for overt behaviors. In other words, as with all physiological measures, the ERP technique should be used in social cognition as a tool for understanding the psychological mechanisms driving behavioral outcomes, not as an end unto itself.
Modeling of Effective Pressure Effect On Porous Reservoir Rocks

Summary Effective pressure effect on porous reservoir formation is one of the most important factors contributing to time-lapse seismic attribute changes. Our research shows that the existing commonly used models tend to overestimate effective pressure effect at high effective pressure, which might cause significant misinterpretation of 4D seismic data. Based on analysis of a large quantity of lab data, a new model that is simpler and has clearer physical meaning was brought up in this study. This new model should be sufficient to describe the effective pressure effect on various porous reservoir rocks.
UbiData: ubiquitous mobile file service

One of the most challenging objectives of mobile data management is the ubiquitous, any time, anywhere access. This objective is very difficult to meet due to several network and mobile device limitations. Optimistic data replication is a generally agreed upon approach to alleviating the difficulty of data access in the adverse mobile environment. However, the two currently most popular models, both Client/Server and Peer-to-Peer models, do not adequately meet the ubiquity objectives. In our views, mobile data management should adequately support access to any data source, from any mobile device. It should also eliminate user involvement by automating data selection, hoarding, and synchronization, regardless of the mobile device chosen by the user. In this paper, we present UbiData: an application-transparent, double-middleware architecture that addresses these challenges. UbiData supports access and update to data from heterogeneous sources (e.g. files belonging to different file systems). It provides for the automatic and device-independent selection, hoarding, and synchronization of data. We present the UbiData architecture and system component, and evaluate the effectiveness of UbiData's automatic data selection and hoarding mechanisms.
Differential effects of Ydj1 and Sis1 on Hsp70-mediated clearance of stress granules in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Stress granules and P-bodies are conserved assemblies of nontranslating mRNAs in eukaryotic cells that can be related to RNA-protein aggregates found in some neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we examine how the Hsp70/Hsp40 protein chaperones affected the assembly and disassembly of stress granules and P-bodies in yeast. We observed that Hsp70 and the Ydj1 and Sis1 Hsp40 proteins accumulated in stress granules and defects in these proteins led to decreases in the disassembly and/or clearance of stress granules. We observed that individual Hsp40 proteins have different effects on stress granules with defects in Ydj1 leading to accumulation of stress granules in the vacuole and limited recovery of translation following stress, which suggests that Ydj1 promotes disassembly of stress granules to promote translation. In contrast, defects in Sis1 did not affect recovery of translation, accumulated cytoplasmic stress granules, and showed reductions in the targeting of stress granules to the vacuole. This demonstrates a new principle whereby alternative disassembly machineries lead to different fates of components within stress granules, thereby providing additional avenues for regulation of their assembly, composition, and function. Moreover, a role for Hsp70 and Hsp40 proteins in stress granule disassembly couples the assembly of these stress responsive structures to the proteostatic state of the cell.
Phase I study of topotecan (T) with weekly 5-fluorouracil (5FU)/leucorin (LV) in patients with advanced malignancies

13018 Background: Topotecan (T) is a semi-synthetic camptothecin analog with a broad spectrum of activity targeting the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I. Daily iv schedules (up to 5) can result in do...
The self-reinforcing feedback between low soil fertility and chronic poverty

Low soil fertility can limit crop productivity, which in turn constrains the ability of poor households to invest in improving soils. This self-reinforcing feedback can trap households in chronic poverty for years or even generations. Most of the world's extreme poor, surviving on US$1.25 or less per day, live in rural areas and farm for a living. Many suffer chronic poverty that lasts for years or generations, rather than the transitory poverty that dominates developed, urban economies. Such chronic, structural poverty arises when an individual's productive assets — such as their ability to work or their soils — and the technologies and markets that transform their assets into food and income are insufficient to attain satisfactory living standards. Research reveals strong links between economic status and soil quality, and these can be self-reinforcing. For example, poor soil constrains agricultural production and household capital, and low household capital constrains investments in improving soils. Price, availability and access to credit can limit farmers' applications of nutrients, which are often the primary constraint on agricultural productivity. Soil micronutrient deficiencies can lead to dietary mineral deficiencies and negative health outcomes that further constrain productivity and household asset accumulation. Soils may also be important for smallholder resilience to stressors and shocks. For example, high-quality soil can reduce vulnerability to drought, and insurance against risk may promote investment in soils. Interventions such as fertilizer subsidies, micronutrient-fortified fertilizer and improved access to information, insurance and credit may all help break the soil–poverty cycle.
Incomplete Revascularization in Patients Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: When Enough Is Enough.

The optimal degree of revascularization for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease is not well established. Although there is growing evidence to support early and more complete revascularization of significant noninfarct artery stenoses among selected patients with ST-segment elevation
Criminal Justice and (a) Catholic Conscience

This article is one person's reflections on how an important influence on his own sense of moral values -- Jesus Christ -- affects his thinking about his own approach to his role as a public official in a secular society, using the vital topic of criminal justice as a focal point. This article draws several important lessons from Christ's teachings about the concept of the other that are relevant to issues of criminal justice. Using Catholicism as a framework, this article addresses, among other things, capital punishment and denying the opportunity for redemption; the problem of racial disparities in the criminal justice system; the problem of over-incarceration of poor defendants through the use of money bail; the problem of ever increasing mandatory minimums and a sprawling criminal code; and the need to improve the relationship between and the effectiveness of police in protecting communities of color. Finally, the article reminds us that Christ requires compassion and respect for all, and that any reasoned discussion of criminal justice must accord respect, empathy, and compassion to those victimized by crime, and those who do the tough job of law enforcement and corrections.
Study with fluorescent antibody of fate of intradermally injected proteins in rabbits.

Summary1. In the rabbit, intradermally injected crystalline egg albumin and bovine gamma globulin are taken up by histiocytic cells both locally and in the peripheral and medullary sinuses of the draining lymph node. Considerable quantities remain extracellular and presumably diffuse away to be dealt with elsewhere in the body. Polymorphonuclear cells, though present in considerable numbers, are not found to contain intact antigen. 2. In the draining node many lymphoid cells containing antigen are seen in the peripheral portions of the lymphoid nodules. 3. Egg albumin disappears much more quickly than bovine gamma globulin from the injected skin site and the draining node. 4. Passive sensitization and to a greater extent sensitization with Freund's adjuvants result in a slowing of both antigens' disappearance from skin and node. Adjuvant sensitized animals also show speeding up and intensification of phagocytosis of antigen in both localities.
Low Temperature Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (LTMOCVD) of Electronic Materials

High quality amorphous and crystalline silicon carbide thin films were produced by low temperature metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (LTMOCVD) using the organometallic precursor tetraethynylsilane, Si(C2 H)4. LTMOCVD, which was developed by the present investigators, uses single source precursors containing all the elemental constituents desired in the target material already directly bonded. This approach eliminates the inherent limitations of conventional MOCVD where separate precursors are used for each of the individual components of the desired compound. LTMOCVD thus combines the ability to deposit films at low temperatures, which is characteristic of physical deposition techniques, with the ability to provide complete coverage at steps or irregularities on the semiconductor surface, which is characteristic of chemical deposition techniques. In addition, the precursors employed are non-toxic, non-hazardous and easy to handle. Consequently, LTMOCVD can produce compound semiconductors on thermally fragile or chemically sensitive substrates. The SiC films were grown in a hot-wall CVD reactor at a reactor pressure of 10−6-10−3 torr and substrate temperature in the range 300–700°C. Characterization studies were performed using electron diffraction (ED), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The results of these studies showed that the films were uniform, continuous, adherent and highly pure– contaminant levels were below the detection limits of the techniques employed.
Introduction of Domestic-Manufactured Demonstration Project of SVC Applied in Anshan-Hongqipu No.1 Substation

The static var compensator(SVC) applied in Anshan-hongqipu No.1 substation is the first domestic-manufactured demonstration project in China.The SVC is used for replacing the old synchronous condenser in the substation.It is required to provide high speed dynamic reactive power absorption and generation and improve the stability and the power quality for Anshan power system.The paper elaborates the design,operate,and the application of the SVC project.It describes how to ascertain the capacity,and the configuration and the technical parameters of SVC.Then it discusses the analysis results of the harmonic and the simulation results of the improved voltage with SVC.A review of the system test including voltage and harmonic verification is also made.It analyses the economic benefit,the advanced load flow distribution and the enhanced stabilization level of Anshan power system reacted by SVC.
Technology of oil-bearing wastewater treatment in the China Great Wall Aluminium Company

The feasibility of dealing with the oil bearing wastewater in alumina smelting manufacture by using scooping oil out→skimming oil→isolating oil→coagulating gas floatage in accordance with the property of the oil bearing wastewataer,and the conditions of China Great Wall Alumina wastewater dealing process as well as the water quality have been analysed. The process of it has also been analysed. After several years running,it shows that the floating oil and soluble oil can be dislodged from the water, the ratio of deoil can reach about 98%. The concentration of the oil is lower than 10 mg/L(national wastewater unloading standard). This process initiates a new way for wastewater dealing. But,this process also has some problems in practical design and running management. It will be perfect step by step.
Right Heart Stress Echocardiography

The behavior of the right side of the heart during stress has been underemphasized and sparsely investigated by cardiologists and pneumologists. Reasons vary, but the right ventricle has traditionally been considered a passive conduit between the venous system and the lungs largely because of early animal experiments showing no increase of central venous pressure after the free wall of the right ventricle had been destroyed [1–3]. In addition, echocardiography of the right heart is less well standardized [4] as imaging of the left ventricle. Recent pathophysiological, clinical, and prognostic data have defined an important role for the right ventricle in many conditions, including ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Given that the right ventricle and the left ventricle share a common septum, have an overlapping blood supply, and are bound together by the pericardium, changes induced by myocardial ischemia and/or heart failure are reflected in pulmonary hemodynamics and right ventricular function [5]. Modern Doppler echocardiography allows a systematic evaluation of five key aspects of cardiopulmonary pathophysiology during stress: segmental right ventricular function; global right ventricular longitudinal function; coronary flow reserve in the posterior descending of the right coronary artery; indices of pulmonary hemodynamics, namely, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, pulmonary velocity time integrals, and pulmonary vascular resistances; and extravascular lung water in the lung, mirroring the distress of the alveolar–capillary membrane. Technical improvements were also matched by a greater understanding of the complexity and the clinical relevance of the adaptation of the right heart (functionally including pulmonary circulation and lung alveolar–capillary membrane) in several pathological conditions, from coronary artery disease to heart failure [5]. In many situations, it is not possible to fully understand heart disease if we do not look at the right heart and pulmonary stress hemodynamics.
Defining the Mechanism of Erythropoietin’s Vasoactive Properties in Resistance Arteries

Clinically, erythropoietin (EPO) is known to increase systemic vascular resistance, however, in cell culture, EPO has been reported to increase activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS...
NO and prostanoids: age dependence of hypercapniaand histamine-induced dilations of pig pial arterioles.

Responses to hypercapnia and acetylcholine by newborn piglet pial arterioles are prostanoid dependent but appear to require both prostanoids and nitric oxide in juvenile pigs. We hypothesized that ...
Do we evaluate outcome appropriately

AbstractWe discuss two different ways of measuring outcome in a sample of 20 patients who had intracranial aneurysm surgery. Patients were evaluated at discharge using the Karnofsky Scale and the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Six months after discharge we conducted a neuropsychiatric evaluation including cognitive> behavioral, and mood status assessment Although 13 of our patients had a ‘good recovery’, 18 had some neuropsychiatric impairment. We did not find statistical relationships between the discharge evaluation and the neuropsychiatric assessment at follow-up. We discuss the need for developing new outcome measures to pick-up neuropsychiatric deficits, beyond the traditional neurologic semiology. [Neurol Res 1996; 18: 248–250]
Amino acids suppress proteolysis independent of insulin throughout the neonatal period

To determine how increased amino acid availability alters rates of whole body proteolysis and the irreversible catabolism of the essential amino acids leucine and phenylalanine throughout the neona...
CO and CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol Calculated Using the BEEF-vdW Functional

Hydrogenation of CO and CO2 to methanol on a stepped copper surface has been calculated using the BEEF-vdW functional and is compared to values derived with RPBE. It is found that the inclusion of vdW forces in the BEEF-vdW functional yields a better description of CO2 hydrogenation as compared to RPBE. These differences are significant for a qualitative description of the overall methanol synthesis kinetics and it is suggested that the selectivity with respect to CO and CO2 is only described correctly with BEEF-vdW.
Preservation of entomopathogenic fungal cultures

The advantages and disadvantages of the most common methods for long-term preservation of cultures of fungal entomopathogens—serial transfer, mineral oil, distilled water stasis, silica gel, freeze-drying (lyophilization) and cryopreservative techniques—are discussed, and protocols for these techniques are provided. The choice among so many differing preservation techniques is often difficult but should be based on a given method’s suitability to a laboratory’s realistic needs to preserve fungi and on available technological and financial capacities. Several other less commonly used, inexpensive, and simply applied preservation techniques (whose utility may or may not be confirmed with fungal entomopathogens) are also noted.
Prognostic factors and indications for treatment of Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia.

Abstract Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM) is characterized by the presence of an IgM monoclonal protein regardless of its size, 10% or more bone marrow infiltration by small lymphocytes with a plasmacytoid or plasma cell differentiation. These cells usually have the following markers: IgM+, CD5 − , CD10 − , CD19 + , CD20 + and CD23 − . Chronic lymphocytic leukemia as well as other lymphoproliferative disorders such as mantle cell, marginal zone and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma must be excluded. Weakness or fatigue from anemia, fever, night sweats, or weight loss represent the most common symptoms. Hepatosplenomegaly may be a major feature. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperviscosity or peripheral neuropathy may be prominent features. Systemic amyloidosis, renal insufficiency and cryoglobulinemia may also be seen. WM must be differentiated from smoldering Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (SWM) which is an intermediate disease state characterized by an IgM protein ≥3 g/dL and/or a bone marrow containing ≥10% bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic infiltration but no end-organ damage such as symptomatic anemia, constitutional symptoms, hyperviscosity, symptomatic hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy.
Callosal ideomotor apraxia in Alzheimer's disease.

ABSTRACTBackground/objective: Impaired ability to perform skilled movements with the left upper limb in patients with corpus callosum injury has been well described (callosal apraxia) with some displaying spatial–temporal errors primarily in response to verbal commands (verbal callosal disconnection apraxia), with imitation, and when using actual tools (callosal ideomotor apraxia). Additionally some patients with callosal injury also make content errors when selecting and using the incorrect tool with their left upper limb (callosal conceptual apraxia). Interestingly, patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) reveal anatomic evidence of callosal degeneration but callosal apraxia in AD has not been described. The purpose of this study was to learn whether patients with AD display forms of callosal apraxia. Method: Participants were 22 right-handed patients with AD and 24 matched controls. Both upper limbs were tested by having subjects pantomime transitive movements to command and imitation. Participants also...
Improving adolescent knowledge of emergency contraception: challenges and solutions

Globally, unintended adolescent pregnancies pose a significant burden. One of the most important tools that can help prevent unintended pregnancy is the timely use of emergency contraception (EC), which in turn will decrease the need for abortions and complications related to adolescent pregnancies. Indications for the use of EC include unprotected sexual intercourse, contraceptive failure, or sexual assault. Use of EC is recommended within 120 hours, though is most effective if used as soon as possible after unprotected sex. To use EC, adolescents need to be equipped with knowledge about the various EC methods, and how and where EC can be accessed. Great variability in the knowledge and use of EC around the world exists, which is a major barrier to its use. The aims of this paper were to 1) provide a brief overview of EC, 2) discuss key social determinants affecting knowledge and use of EC, and 3) explore best practices for overcoming the barriers of lack of knowledge, use, and access of EC.
A Multi-Tiered Approach to Evaluating a Nonformal Youth Development Program

It is essential for nonformal educational organizations to evaluate their programs and validate impact. However, despite recent pressures for accountability, nonformal settings often do not have shared assessment measures or expectations. Further, many nonformal programs are complex and encompass a broad range of educational settings and methods. Evaluation strategies must respond to a more learner-centered approach to education and be responsive to local needs, but they must also be designed with an appropriate level of methodological rigor. This paper describes the efforts of the National 4-H Science Initiative to develop and administer a multi-tiered evaluation that effectively documents impact through methods that reflect the unique needs and landscape of 4-H science programs.
Effects of Web Interactivity: A Meta-Analysis:

Over the last few years, significant research has been conducted to examine the impact of web interactivity. However, mixed results have been found regarding why and how web interactivity could aff...
Commentary on Pappas

This commentary on Nicholas Pappas’s paper, “Telling Good Love from Bad in Plato’s Phaedrus,” reflects on a number of Pappas’s thoughtful observations and interpretations of features woven into the drama of the discussion (for example, Typho and Boreas, wings, left and right). However, unlike Pappas, who refrains from claiming that divinely inspired human love (good love) can be discerned by turning to the earthly, this commentary suggests that Pappas’s contrasts of wings which conceal versus wings which elevate, of left and right, and my added contrast of traditional Greek mythology versus Platonic mythology, lay the groundwork to discern the divine in the earthly, and to distinguish concomitantly bad from good human love. Additionally, the commentary discusses how Plato’s use of collection and division is used to distinguish good and bad human love.
Theory of a CARM with a Fabry-Perot resonator

A slow-time-scale, single-particle theory of the CARM oscillator with a Fabry-Perot resonator is presented for the case of mirror separation much greater than the Rayleigh length. Analytical results are obtained for the small-signal gain, efficiency and threshold current. The optimum nonlinear efficiency is presented in terms of F—μ plots.
PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS INFLUENCING CORONARY OBSTRUCTION IN TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT WITH LOW CORONARY HEIGHT

The expression of TCR-beta mRNAs competent to encode functional V(D)JC beta proteins requires the activation of programmed DNA rearrangement events. It is not known whether other regulatory mechanisms control the steady-state levels of mature TCR-beta transcripts during thymic ontogeny. In this report, we demonstrate that TCR-beta pre-mRNAs accumulate in T cells, thus implicating RNA splicing as another potential level of regulation. Three methods were used to characterize the intron content of these pre-mRNA: Northern blot analysis, ribonuclease H mapping, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Using these methods, we demonstrate that intron-containing TCR-beta transcripts derived from both the JC beta 1 and JC beta 2 loci accumulate in murine fetal and adult thymus. (VD)JC beta 1 pre-mRNAs that accumulate in the thymus possess unusually long poly(A) tails (> or = 300 nucleotides) and contain different combinations of four introns: the large intron between the J beta 1 and C beta 1 elements and the three introns within the C beta 1 element. The presence of an unusual transcript possessing IVS2C beta 1 at the 59 terminus suggests that cleavage of its splice acceptor is inefficient or negatively regulated. The profile of incompletely spliced TCR-beta transcripts present in the thymus in vivo is identical in intron content to those that we previously showed accumulate in the nucleus of the immature SL12.4 T lymphoma cell clone. An unstable negative regulatory protein may control TCR-beta expression in this cell clone because fully spliced TCR-beta transcripts are dramatically induced in the cytoplasm after treatment with any of five different protein synthesis inhibitors (cycloheximide, anisomyosin, emetine, puromycin, and pactamycin), all of which act by distinct mechanisms to inhibit protein synthesis.
Abstract 16186: Dyslipidemia May Represent a Cyclic GMP Deficiency State: Insights From a General Community

Introduction: The second messenger 3’,5’ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is the effector molecule for several pathways including the cardiac hormones atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-ty...
Improving Multirobot Multitarget Tracking by Communicating Negative Information

In this paper, we consider the sensor fusion problem for a team of robots, each equipped with monocular color cameras, cooperatively tracking multiple ambiguous targets. In addition to coping with sensor noise, the robots are unable to cover the entire environment with their sensors and may be out numbered by the targets. We show that by explicitly communicating negative information (i.e. where robots don’t see targets), tracking error can be reduced significantly in most instances. We compare our system to a baseline system and report results.
Adaptive Immunity: T Cells and Cytokines

Once alerted by the innate immune system to the presence of a pathogen or a cellular abnormality, the adaptive immune system responds by activating and expanding antigen-specific B and T lymphocytes. This chapter focuses specifically on the activation and activities of T lymphocytes, which coordinate the adaptive immune response. We open with a description of where and how naive T cells first encounter antigen. We then examine what factors influence the differentiation of helper CD4+ T lymphocytes into one of several effector subsets, each of which secretes a distinct subset of cytokines. We follow with a discussion of the origin and function of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, the lymphocyte with the capacity to directly kill tumor cells. We close with a brief summary of the unique challenges that face the adaptive immune system when it tried to mount a response to a tumor.
Pressure Studies of Rare Earth Singlet Ground State Systems

Our studies of the pressure dependence of the rare earth NMR in PrAs, PrP, and TmP have shown that the point-charge model gives the wrong sign for the volume dependence of the crystal field splitting in these materials. Similar conclusions were reached from pressure studies of the susceptibilities of closely related singlet ground state materials by Guertin et al. In a recent paper in which pressure derivatives were obtained as a function of temperature in order to vary the contributions of crystal field and exchange effects, we showed that this unexpected volume dependence could not be attributed to exchange. We believe that these effects have their origin in pressure-induced changes in conduction electron character. As a test for this hypothesis, we have initiated studies on the isomorphous cogener PrN which is, however, an insulator. We would predict that the point-charge model would be qualitatively correct for this material. We have not been able to detect a shift in the Pr Knight shift (which is +290%) with 4 kbar at 4 K in PrN. It will be necessary to measure the compressibility of PrN before we can assess the significance of this result.
A review on phospholipid vesicles flowing through channels

The flow of particles through confined volumes has appeared under different contexts in nature and technology. Some examples include the flow of red blood cells or drug delivery vehicles through capillaries, or surfactant-based particles in nano- or microfluidic cells. The molecular composition of the particles along with external conditions and the characteristics of the confined volume impact the response of the particle to flow. This review focuses on the problem of phospholipid vesicles constrained to flowing in channels. The review examines how experimental and computational approaches have been harnessed to study the response of these particles to the flow.