cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Disorders Associated with Central Nervous System Dysfunction

In this chapter, we consider the behavioral disorders associated with central nervous system dysfunction, particularly brain dysfunction. The chapter is organized into three major sections. In the first, we discuss a variety of topics of importance to the explication and understanding of the organic mental disorders and the behavioral consequences of neurological disease. In the second, specific brain disorders are considered in terms of the clinical symptomatology, biological aspects (including genetics), psychological changes, environmental-sociocultural aspects, and treatment. A brief summary and research directions for the future comprise the third section.
8 Keys to Recovery From an Eating Disorder: Effective Strategies From Therapeutic Practice and Personal Experience

This book needs to be added to everyone's library. I plan to recommend it to my clients, my treatment team and I unreservedly endorse it here. What makes 8 Keys to Recovery From an Eating Disorders...
An energy-efficient neighbor discovery protocol for 6LoWPAN smart grid applications

The Smart Grid (SG) is one of the latest emerging and rising models for modernizing traditional electrical power grids, and wireless communication is considered as a major building block in realizing SG. SG applications enable electrical devices to be interconnected and communicate with each other, requiring pervasive control of these actors. Therefore, wireless sensor network-based applications are well suited to this requirement. This paper proposes an energy-efficient neighbor discovery protocol for 6LoWPAN SG applications. We discuss some practical challenges and difficulties in applying block designs to 6LoWPAN neighbor discovery problems and provide a new solution to the discovery problem derived from the original block designs. In this proposed approach, we design a new construction mechanism of neighbor discovery schedules and provide a mathematical proof of the proposed concept. A key aspect of the proposed protocol is that it combines any two block designs in order to overcome limitations of the original block designs. In the simulation study, we evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol and compare its performance with that of existing representative neighbor discovery protocols using TOSSIM. The results of our simulation study show that the maximum latency of the proposed protocol is about 40% lower than that of existing protocols. Furthermore, our protocol spends approximately 30% less energy than existing protocols during the neighbor discovery process.
Antigen selection in human lymphomagenesis

Although surface immunoglobulin plays a central role in the differentiation and growth of normal B-cells, its role in the growth of human B-cell malignancies is largely a matter of conjecture. Human follicular lymphomas are attractive systems to study in part because they are clones of cells sharing many similarities with germinal center B-cells which are critically dependent on antigen selection for survival. Nucleotide sequence information was determined for the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable genes expressed by two cases of follicular lymphoma. In addition, the germ line variable gene counterparts were also cloned and sequenced from biopsy material obtained from both of these patients. Numerous mutations from germ line were present in the variable genes from both of these cases, many of which accumulated during expansion and growth of these lymphomas. Moreover, the mutations that accumulated during tumor expansion were distributed in a manner that almost certainly was dependent on positive selection presumably mediated by contact with an antigen. These data indicate that antigen selection is probably important for the growth and clonal evolution of follicular lymphomas.
Client Stock Market Reaction to PCAOB Sanctions Against a Big Four Auditor

We examine client stock market reaction to news of PCAOB sanctions imposed upon Deloitte and Touche, LLP - the first against a Big 4 auditor. The PCAOB Order against Deloitte contains three potentially value relevant pieces of information. First, it shows that Deloitte did not conduct a quality audit of Ligand’s 2003 financial statements (the “Ligand audit failure”). Second, it highlights serious problems in Deloitte’s quality control policies and procedures that go beyond the Ligand audit failure. Finally, the PCAOB Order reiterates the remedial actions Deloitte took to improve its quality control policies, which may alleviate investors’ concerns and signal improvements in the quality of the firm’s future audits. Using Schipper and Thompson (1983) methodology, we find that Deloitte (non-Deloitte) clients had a significantly negative (an insignificant) market reaction to news of the PCAOB sanctions. The results suggest that the negative effects of the sanctions outweigh the possible remedial effects of Deloitte’s corrective actions taken after the sanctions. In cross-sectional analysis using the Sefcik and Thompson (1986) portfolio weighting approach, we find a more negative reaction for Deloitte clients that are financially distressed. Our findings are consistent with both the reputation and insurance hypotheses, as in Baber et al. (1995). Since the severity of Deloitte’s quality control problems was made public for the first time by the PCAOB sanctions, we conclude that the negative market effects we observe are most likely the result of disclosure of the quality control weaknesses at Deloitte.
Evaluation of amniotic fluid cytokines in preterm labor and intact membranes

Objective. To compare the amniotic fluid (AF) concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines between women with preterm labor and intact membranes that delivered within 7 days, with those that deliver...
Characterization of a postlavage, in situ pulmonary macrophage population

A postlavage in situ subpopulation of pulmonary macrophages (PM), biochemically distinct from the lavaged population, has recently been isolated from rats. After exhaustive bronchopulmonary lavage to extract the free lung cells, the lungs were excised, homogenized, and filtered, and the resultant cell suspension was allowed to form a monolayer on plastic Petri dishes. Electron microscopic morphometry failed to indicate any morphologic differences in the two populations. The postlavage in situ PM were more active metabolically during phagocytosis of zymosan particles or stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) than the corresponding lavage population, as evidenced by greater superoxide generation. Macrophages prepared by either method became more avidly phagocytic when incubated with cell-free medium isolated in the preparation of the in situ population. Peroxidase, an enzyme absent from the granules of PM separated by lavage techniques, was found in a granule-rich fraction of the in situ macrophage. Catalase activity was found in similar amounts in both supernatants and granule-rich fractions of both populations. The results support the concept of subpopulations of PM and suggest that these subpopulations are distinguished by their biochemical properties and their functional abilities.
A role for the angiotensin IV/AT4 system in mediating natriuresis in the rat.

Angiotensin II (AngII) or Angiotensin IV (AngIV) was infused into the renal artery of anesthetized rats while renal cortical blood flow was measured via laser Doppler flowmetry. The infusion of AngII produced a significant elevation in mean arterial pressure (MAP) with an accompanying decrease in cortical blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine volume, and urine sodium excretion. The infusion of AngIV induced significant increases in renal cortical blood flow and urine sodium excretion, without altering MAP, GFR, and urine volume. Pretreatment infusion with a specific AT1 receptor antagonist, DuP 753, blocked or attenuated the subsequent AngII effects, while pretreatment infusion with the specific AT4 receptor antagonist, Divalinal-AngIV, blocked the AngIV effects. These results support distinct and opposite roles for AngII and AngIV, i.e. AngII acts as an anti-natriuretic agent, while AngIV acts as a natriuretic agent.
On Galois descent for Hochschild and cyclic homology.

LetG be a finite group acting by automorphisms on an algebraS over some commutative ringk. We show that if the action ofG restricted to the center ofS is Galois in the sense of [C-H-R], thenHH*(SG)≊HH*(S)G. An analogous result holds for cyclic homology, provided the order ofG is invertible ink.
Effects of alcohol on the pyloric sphincter

The effects of an intoxicating dose of alcohol (79 g of 100 proof alcohol) on pylic sphincter function were studied in 12 normal subjects using an infused manometric system. Alcohol had no effect on resting pyloric sphincter pressure. Intraduodenal administration of olive oil and hypertonic amino acids increased pyloric sphincter pressure significantly to 10.8±1.4 and 10.2±2.0 mm Hg, respectively. These responses were not affected by the administration of alcohol. In contrast, alcohol decreased the pyloric pressure response to duodenal acidification from 12.0±2.1 to 8.0±1.3 mm Hg (P<0.05). These results suggest that an intoxicating dose of alcohol may interfere with the normal function of the pyloric sphincter.
Emerging optical and nuclear medicine imaging methods in rheumatoid arthritis

Molecular and multimodal imaging procedures that complement the use of existing anatomical modalities for the diagnosis and monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have undergone substantial developmental advances. These techniques have the potential to greatly improve the management of patients with RA through early diagnosis and maximization of the newly available opportunities for early therapeutic intervention. Quantitative, noninvasive monitoring of biomarkers of the molecular events induced during the onset of RA could be used to guide the initial selection of therapy and for assessment of early therapeutic responses. Biomolecular imaging techniques that can reveal the pathophysiological features of RA--including infrared thermography, near-infrared molecular imaging, and PET--are being used to investigate the earliest cellular and biochemical inflammatory events in the development of the disease. Noninvasive imaging of abnormal specific molecular events in early RA could enable early targeted intervention that could be tailored to optimize patient responses before destructive anatomical changes occur. In this Review, we summarize new advances in biomolecular imaging techniques, with an emphasis on their current state of development in terms of the management of RA.
Extrauterine spread in endometrial carcinoma clinically confined to the uterus.

Abstract From July 1975 to April 1983, 237 patients had primary treatment for endometrial cancer at the Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center. Included in this study were 74 of these patients with Stage I and 20 with Stage II endometrial carcinoma who underwent laparotomy without preoperative radiation. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of extrauterine spread in endometrial carcinoma clinically confined to the uterus and to correlate risk variables with this spread. The parameters assessed were retroperitoneal nodal metastases, adnexal involvement, peritoneal implants and peritoneal cytology. The overall prevalence of extrauterine spread was 23.4% (Stage I, 18.9%; Stage II, 40.0%). The rate of nodal metastasis, adnexal involvement, peritoneal implant, and positive peritoneal cytology were 18.7, 7.4, 4.3, and 8.5%, respectively. No positive relationship was demonstrated between surface spread and risk variables. There was positive correlation between surface spread and peritoneal cytology (87.5%). Direct correlations were found between positive nodes and tumor growth over more than one-third of the endometrial surface ( P P p
Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the cerebrum

A primary cerebral rhabdomyosarcoma is described in a 48-year-old Negro man. At autopsy two metastatic nodules were present in the liver. A review of the literature indicates that this is a rare and highly malignant tumor with no 5-year survival. The multipotentiality of the mesenchymal tissue in the leptomeninges is considered the histogenetic origin of intracranial rhabdomyosarcomas.
Observation of ferromagnetic resonance in SrRuO3 by the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect.

We report the observation of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in ${\mathrm{SrRuO}}_{3}$ using the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. The FMR oscillations in the time-domain appear in response to a sudden, optically induced change in the direction of easy-axis anisotropy. The high FMR frequency, 250 GHz, and large Gilbert damping parameter, $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\approx}1$, are consistent with strong spin-orbit coupling. We find that the parameters associated with the magnetization dynamics, including $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, have a nonmonotonic temperature dependence, suggestive of a link to the anomalous Hall effect.
Recovery from distal ulnar motor conduction block injury: Serial EMG studies

Acute conduction block injuries often result from nerve compression or trauma. The temporal pattern of clinical, electrophysiologic, and histopathologic changes following these injuries has been extensively studied in experimental animal models but not in humans. Our recent evaluation of a young man with an injury to the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve following nerve compression from weightlifting exercises provided the opportunity to follow the course and recovery of a severe conduction block injury with sequential nerve conduction studies. The conduction block slowly and completely resolved, as did the clinical deficit, over a 14-week period. The reduction in conduction block occurred at a linear rate of -6.1% per week.
Utilisation of spent brewer's yeast for yeast extract production by autolysis: The effect of temperature.

Abstract In this study, autolysis was induced by incubating cell suspensions of spent brewer's yeast at elevated temperatures of 45, 50, 55 and 60 °C with a reaction time ranging from 8 to 72 h. Contents and yields of solid, α-amino nitrogen, protein and carbohydrate were determined. It can be said that optimum temperature and time for the production of yeast extract was 50 °C for 24 h on the basis of α-amino nitrogen and protein contents. Sensory analysis was also done by yeast extract powder and control and samples with the addition of 0.5 and 1.0% yeast extract had the highest overall acceptance.
Biases in the Atlantic ITCZ in Seasonal–Interannual Variations for a Coarse- and a High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model

AbstractUsing two fully coupled ocean–atmosphere models—Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1), developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, and Climate Model version 2.5 (CM2.5), a new high-resolution climate model based on CM2.1—the characteristics and sources of SST and precipitation biases associated with the Atlantic ITCZ have been investigated.CM2.5 has an improved simulation of the annual mean and the annual cycle of the rainfall over the Sahel and northern South America, while CM2.1 shows excessive Sahel rainfall and lack of northern South America rainfall in boreal summer. This marked improvement in CM2.5 is due to not only high-resolved orography but also a significant reduction of biases in the seasonal meridional migration of the ITCZ. In particular, the seasonal northward migration of the ITCZ in boreal summer is coupled to the seasonal variation of SST and a subsurface doming of the thermocline in the northeastern tropical Atlantic, known as the Guinea Dome. Improvements in the ITCZ al...
The Volumetric Imaging System for the Ionosphere (VISION)

The Volumetric Imaging System for the Ionosphere (VISION) is designed to use limb and nadir images to reconstruct the three-dimensional distribution of electrons over a 1000 km wide by 500 km high slab beneath the satellite with 10 km x 10 km x 10 km voxels. The primary goal of the VISION is to map and monitor global and mesoscale (> 10 km) electron density structures, such as the Appleton anomalies and field-aligned irregularity structures. The VISION consists of three UV limb imagers, two UV nadir imagers, a dual frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, and a coherently emitting three frequency radio beacon. The limb imagers will observe the O II 83.4 nm line (daytime electron density), O I 135.6 nm line (nighttime electron density and daytime O density), and the N2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield (LBH) bands near 143.0 nm (daytime N2 density). The nadir imagers will observe the O I 135.6 nm line (nighttime electron density and daytime O density) and the N2 LBH bands near 143.0 nm (daytime N2 density). The GPS receiver will monitor the total electron content between the satellite containing the VISION and the GPS constellation. The three frequency radio beacon will be used with ground-based receiver chains to perform computerized radio tomography below the satellite containing the VISION. The measurements made using the two radio frequency instruments will be used to validate the VISION UV measurements.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Erosion Control Techniques on Forest Road Cutslopes and Fillslopes in North Alabama

Road cutslopes and fillslopes account for approximately 50 percent of the total road disturbance area on steep terrain and contribute as much as 60 percent of sediment from forest roads. The significance of erosion control techniques on these vulnerable components of the road prism has become evident in recent years. A study to gain a better understanding of erosion control techniques on road cutslopes and fillslopes is detailed. Sediment and runoff yield from three erosion control treatments and a control were investigated on west-facing 2:1 and 1.5:1 cutslopes and fillslopes, respectively, on a newly constructed road during a 30-month study. The treatments evaluated were a wood excelsior erosion mat, native species grass, and exotic species grass. Factors detected to significantly affect sediment yield from road sideslopes were treatment, time, and treatment-time interaction based on analysis of variance. Significant reductions in sediment yield and runoff were found on all treatments on both the cutslo...
'Carbene radicals' in Co-II(por)-catalyzed olefin cyclopropanation

The mechanism of cobalt(II)−porphyrin-mediated cyclopropanation of olefins with diazoesters was studied. The first step—reaction of cobalt(II)−porphyrin with ethyl diazoacetate (EDA)—was examined using EPR and ESI-MS techniques. EDA reacts with cobalt(II)−porphyrin to form a 1:1 Co(por)(CHCOOEt) adduct that exists as two isomers: the ‘bridging carbene’ C′ in which the ‘carbene’ is bound to the metal and the pyrrolic nitrogen of the porphyrin that has a d7 configuration on the metal, and the ‘terminal carbene’ C in which the ‘carbene’ behaves as a redox noninnocent ligand having a d6 cobalt center and the unpaired electron residing on the ‘carbene’ carbon atom. The subsequent reactivities of the thus formed ‘cobalt carbene radical’ with propene, styrene, and methyl acrylate were studied using DFT calculations. The calculations suggest that the formation of the carbene is the rate-limiting step for the unfunctionalized CoII(por) and that the cyclopropane ring formation proceeds via a stepwise radical proces...
Electronic dephasing in bimetallic gold-silver nanoparticles examined by single particle spectroscopy.

The scattering spectra of single gold, silver, and bimetallic gold−silver particles (both core−shell and alloyed) have been examined using dark-field microscopy. The results show that the plasmon resonances for the bimetallic particles are broader than those of the pure silver or pure gold particles. However, plots of the width of the plasmon resonance vs resonance frequency for the core−shell and alloyed samples are very similar. This implies that the broadening is due to the frequency dependence of the dielectric constants of the particles. For the core−shell particles, scattering at the interface between the two metals does not seem to be a significant effect.
MEDREADFAST: A structural information retrieval engine for big clinical text

Large scale text mining research, informally called Big text is a crucial part of Big data agenda that recently started gaining momentum [24]. It targets new technologies to manage large amounts of unstructured textual data in order to quickly find an retrieve needed information. In medical domain fast access to information is especially important. Keyword-search, a de-facto standard to search over Electronic Health Records (EHR), being simple and therefore popular technique, however, is not ideal and often returns either too many irrelevant or too few relevant search results. Clinicians, usually very short on time, just cannot afford trial and error of keyword-search and therefore do not use all information available in patient records. Next generation patient care requires more efficient access to valuable information hidden in patient histories represented by millions of patient records. There is abundance of relevant research results in the Semantic Web research community that offers more robust access interfaces to unstructured data compared to keyword-search. Here we describe a new hybrid browser specifically for EHR that offers advanced user experience combining keyword-search with navigation over an automatically inferred hierarchical document index. The internal representation of the browsing index as a collection of UFOs [25] yields more relevant search results and improves user experience.
OVERVIEW OF SUSY GUT MODELS OF NEUTRINO MIXING

A brief review is given of some ideas for explaining neutrino masses and mixings within the context of supersymmetric grand unification. Emphasis is put on so-called lopsided models.
HAIRPIN-FORMING PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACID OLIGOMERS

A series of partially self-complementary peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers was prepared. Examination of their melting behavior, circular dichroism spectra, and fluorescence properties reveals that these PNA oligomers exist as stem-loop (“hairpin”) structures. Fluorescence is readily observed in hairpins containing a covalently linked, emissive acridine derivative which is, at least partially, intercalated in the duplex region of the PNA hairpin. The acridine fluorescence is quenched when an anthraquinone derivative is covalently attached to the PNA so that it is bound near the acridine in the hairpin structure. Acridine fluorescence is restored in hairpins containing both the anthraquinone and the acridine by increasing the temperature and melting the structure to its linear form or by opening the hairpin through formation of a hybrid duplex with complementary DNA. The latter process may form the basis for development of selective and sensitive DNA assays.
Impaired Viability and Profound Block in Thymocyte Development in Mice Lacking the Adaptor Protein SLP-76

The adaptor protein SLP-76 is expressed in T lymphocytes and myeloid cells and is a substrate for ZAP-70 and Syk. We generated a SLP-76 null mutation in mice by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells to evaluate the role of SLP-76 in T cell development and activation. SLP-76-deficient mice exhibited subcutaneous and intraperitoneal hemorrhaging and impaired viability. Analysis of lymphoid cells revealed a profound block in thymic development with absence of double-positive CD4+8+ thymocytes and of peripheral T cells. This block could not be overcome by in vivo treatment with anti-CD3. V-D-J rearrangement of the TCRbeta locus was not obviously affected. B cell development was normal. These results indicate that SLP-76 collects all pre-TCR signals that drive the development and expansion of double-positive thymocytes.
Innovation, Journal Reviewers, and Journal Editors: The Game Is Worth the Candle

New ideas are the basis for practical therapies that ultimately benefit patients. At the time of their initial enunciation, really creative new ideas regarding biology, medical procedures, or medical devices often seem strange, or even may be considered “crazy” and unlikely to stand the test of
ESTlMATlON OF DIGESTIBILITY OF MEAT PRODUCTS CONTAINING EXTENDERS

Procedures involving pepsin and pepsin-trypsin digestion of frankfurters were evaluated in efforts to develop a term for “apparent” digestibility to extend applications of estimations of the protein efficiency ratio (PER) of meat food products by ERRC-APHIS equations. The estimations, termed Est-PER are based only on amino acid composition. Samples of raw emulsion, cooked frankfurters, and cooked and smoked frankfurters containing all meat, meat extended with soy products, and meat extended with nonfat dried milk were treated with pepsin or pepsin-trypsin. Their digestibility was determined as % nitrogenous substances and/or % protein digested. Nitrogen digestibility of cooked-smoked product was also determined by bioassay. Digestibility ranged around 90% with pepsin-trypsin treatment, whereas digestibility with pepsin treatment was half this and too low for measuring “apparent” digestibility. Pepsin-trypsin digestibility of cooked and of cooked and smoked frankfurters did not differ; raw frankfurters were significantly less digestible. Average % protein digestibility was somewhat lower than average % nitrogen digestibility on pepsin-trypsin digestion and more closely approached values for nitrogen digestibility determined by bioassay. Subject to confirmatory studies, the results indicate that % protein digestibility as measured by a procedure involving pepsin-trypsin digestion may be an acceptable additional term in estimating Est-PER.
Psychiatric Diagnosis in Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease: A Preliminary Report

Sickle cell disease (SCD), the most common genetic hemoglobin disorder, affects more than 70,000 Americans, primarily those of African and Mediterranean descent. SCD, characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia; recurrent, episodic painful episodes; vaso-occlusive complications affecting multiple organ systems; and increased risk of infections, is associated with a shortened life span for affected individuals. However, recent medical advances have significantly increased survivability and quality of life for individuals with SCD. Despite these advances, adolescents with SCD continue to face many challenges of living with a chronic condition that requires lifelong medical management that may place them at risk of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Studies focusing on children and adolescents with SCD suggest greater risks for psychosocial difficulties and depressive and anxiety symptoms. This article describes findings from a structured psychiatric interview administered to 40 adolescents and their parents. The rates of reported psychiatric diagnosis were significantly higher than those reported for the general population. Awareness of risks for psychiatric disorders in SCD could lead to increased identification and interventions that may improve medical and psychiatric outcomes.
Cytotoxicity of antineoplastic agents on rabbit corneal epithelium in vitro

AbstractWe studied the cytotoxic effects of antineoplastic agents in vitro including cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), methotrexate, melphalan, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and triethylenethiophosphoramide (thiotepa), using rabbit corneal epithelial cell primary tissue cultures. Twenty-four hour [3H]thymidine incorporation was measured 6 hr after the addition of drug or vehicle. A dose-response effect was noted for all agents. Significant (p <0.05) inhibition of thymidine incorporation was reached with Ara-C (10−7M), methotrexate (10−3M), melphalan (10-6M), 5-FU (10−4M), and thiotepa (10−4M). Visual inspection of the cultures was a less sensitive indicator of drug-induced cytotoxicity; except for melphalan, drug concentrations much greater than those that inhibited thymidine incorporation did not alter cell morphology. At a concentration of 10−4M, 2′-deoxycytidine, a competitive inhibitor of Ara-C, protected corneal epithelial cells exposed to Ara-C concentrations up to 10−5M. When used alone, concentrations of deo...
Effects of Respiration Phase on Ventricular Defibrillation Threshold in a Hot Can Electrode System

The impedance of defibrillation pathways is an important determinant of ventricular defibrillation efficacy. The hypothesis in this study was that the respiration phase (end-inspiration versus end-expiration) may alter impedance and/or defibrillation efficacy in a "hot can" electrode system. Defibrillation threshold (DFT) parameters were evaluated at end-expiration and at end-inspiration phases in random order by a biphasic waveform in ten anesthetized pigs (body weight: 19.1 +/- 2.4 kg; heart weight: 97 +/- 10 g). Pigs were intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube and ventilated through a Drager SAV respirator with tidal volume of 400-500 mL. A transvenous defibrillation lead (6 cm long, 6.5 Fr) was inserted into the right ventricular apex. A titanium can electrode (92-cm2 surface area) was placed in the left pectoral area. The right ventricular lead was the anode for the first phase and the cathode for the second phase. The DFT was determined by a "down-up down-up" protocol. Statistical analysis was performed with a Wilcoxon matched pair test. The median impedance at DFT for expiration and inspiration phases were 37.8 +/- 3.1 omega, and 39.3 +/- 3.6 omega, respectively (P = 0.02). The stored energy at DFT for expiration and inspiration phases were 5.7 +/- 1.9 J and 6.0 +/- 1.0 J, respectively (P = 0.594). Shocks delivered at end-inspiration exhibited a statistically significant increase in electrode impedance in a " hot can" electrode system. The finding that DFT energy was not significantly different at both respiration phases indicates that respiration phase does not significantly affect defibrillation energy requirements.
Optimizing Interconnect for Performance in Standard Cell Library

Scaling in deep submicron era comes with additional baggage of increased interconnect impact on performance. With decreasing device sizes, interconnects start playing a dominant role in determining over all performance fall through that it is hard to ignore their role. Interconnects could take away performance as high as 50% from raw transistor. In this paper, we present a detailed study to establish performance sensitivities to each of the interconnect parasitic components on the standard cell libraries. The sensitivity results are then used to optimize cell layouts. Improvements on some of the library cells are demonstrated using this approach.
Evaluation of organic acids and other compounds as Salmonella antagonists in meat and bone meal.

Twelve compounds were evaluated as salmonella antagonists in commercial meat and bone meal. The test organism was a nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Salmonella infantis. Adequate moisture to support salmonella growth was assured by the addition of 40% water to each 50 g test sample. Compounds were tested at levels permitted for food additives except formalin which has not been approved. Salmonella counts were determined every few days by spread plates and the pH was recorded from the initial 1:10 dilution. Although the salmonella population initially declined in the presence of several additives, none of the compounds were effective in preventing salmonella multiplication in the MBM except formalin at levels greater than .1%.
Retailer premium own‐brands: creating customer loyalty through own‐brand products advantage

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical model which investigates antecedents, consequences, and contingency factors of retailer own‐brand product advantage. The paper develops propositions and managerial implications.Design/methodology/approach – It summarizes an empirical work related to the key constructs of the theoretical model and identifies gaps in the literature. The paper provides definitions of each antecedent and outcome of retailer own product advantage and discusses managerial implications of the proposed framework.Findings – Retailers who have higher degree of customer participation, innovation, and brand orientations are likely to have a stronger own‐brand product advantage. In turn, those retailers are more likely to have loyal customers and superior own‐brand financial performance. These relationships will be influenced by retailer image, market power, number of national brands and category size, technology complexity, and competitive intensity.Research limitations/...
Electron spectral function and algebraic spin liquid for the normal state of underdoped high T(c) superconductors.

We propose to describe the spin fluctuations in the normal state (spin-pseudogap phase) of underdoped high ${T}_{c}$ cuprates as a manifestation of an algebraic spin liquid. Within the slave boson implementation of spin-charge separation, the normal state is described by massless Dirac fermions, charged bosons, and a gauge field. The gauge interaction, as an exact marginal perturbation, drives the mean-field free-spinon fixed point to a new spin-quantum fixed point---the algebraic spin liquid. Luttinger-liquid-like line shapes for the electron spectral function are obtained in the normal state, and we show how a coherent quasiparticle peak appears as spin and charge recombine.
Leadership Development and the African American Male College Student Experience

AbstractQualitative interviews were employed to assess the effectiveness of a leadership program geared toward African American male personal and professional development, and to examine the relationship between program participation and connectedness. Elements of both social engagement (mentoring and being mentored, peer-to-peer relationships, and networking) and student/professional development (pre-entry characteristics, self-awareness and reflection, legacy planning and succession, and leadership skills) were found to be important to personal and professional development.
A test of sequential extractions for determining metal speciation in sewage sludge-amended soils

Sequential extraction procedures are widely used to estimate the quantity of trace metals bound to different solid fractions in contaminated soils. However, reliability of speciation of trace metals by these procedures remains largely unexamined. In the present study, the selectivity of each extraction step was tested by observing the effect of reversing the extraction order in the procedure. Two different sequential extraction methods and their reversed modes were used for metal fractionation in sewage sludge-amended soils. Significantly increased amounts of extractable metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) were evident in the sludge-amended soils compared to control soil by all extraction schemes; however, the amounts of metals extracted by each step were strongly dependent on the order of extraction, the type of reagents and the nature of the individual metals. Caution is advised in deducing the forms of soil metals from sequential extraction results from metal-contaminated soils.
NORM-EUCLIDEAN CYCLIC FIELDS OF PRIME DEGREE

Let K be a cyclic number eld of prime degree '. Heilbronn showed that for a given ' there are only nitely many such elds that are norm- Euclidean. In the case of ' = 2 all such norm-Euclidean elds have been identied, but for '6 2, little else is known. We give the rst upper bounds on the discriminants of such elds when ' > 2. Our methods lead to a simple algorithm which allows one to generate a list of candidate norm-Euclidean elds up to a given discriminant, and we provide some computational results.
Child-directed talk in families with incidence of dyslexia

Maternal language during mother-child play sessions was examined in several samples (Ns = 12 to 20) that differed with respect to the young preschoolers' chronological ages, language proficiency, subsequent reading achievement, and familial incidence of reading disability. For most of the structural and functional aspects of mothers' utterances that were compared, differences among the mothers were unrelated to differences among their children. The results indicated, however, that young children from families with dyslexic members, and children with less advanced language abilities, were exposed to higher frequencies of several kinds of poor models of English sentence structures. The etiological implications of these input differences and similarities are discussed.
Statistical Modeling and Design

New technologies are continually being developed that enable designers to create faster, more complex circuits, packed within a shrinking die. However, along with the promise of speed and density comes the challenge of variability, as intradie device mismatch looms proportionately greater. To deliver new products in a timely and cost effective manner, the designer must have the methods and tools to validate the robustness of his design before committing it to silicon. This paper will discuss how statistical models can be implemented via Spectre models customized for the cadence analog design environment
Mother-infant interaction in monomatric and polymatric families.

Patterns of mother-infant interaction in families where mothering is provided by only one person (monomatric) or by more than one person (polymatric) are compared. A closer emotional attachment was found in the monomatric families. There was evidence that this may have been influenced by prenatal personality factors as well as by the exclusiveness of the postnatal mother-infant diad.
RAI2: Linking Retinoic Acid Signaling with Metastasis Suppression

Considerable evidence points to the importance of disseminated tumor cells, which are commonly detected in the bone marrow and display features of cellular plasticity, in predicting the clinical outcome of breast cancer. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Werner and colleagues report on the discovery of retinoic acid-induced 2 (RAI2) as a differentiation factor that suppresses early metastatic spread of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.
Redox regulation of renal DNA synthesis, transforming growth factor-β1 and collagen gene expression

Redox regulation of renal DNA synthesis, transforming growth factor-β1 and collagen gene expression. Growth and injury represent recurrent and related themes in the study of progressive renal disease. We have previously demonstrated that a prooxidant diet, one deficient in antioxidants, selenium and vitamin E, induces renal enlargement, proteinuria, mild tubulointerstitial disease and diminished glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Our present study represents continued examination of these processes. We demonstrate that these diets increase thymidine incorporation into DNA and net DNA content in renal tissue, and induce expression of the mRNA for the proto-oncogene, c-myc, and the histone, H2b. We localize increased DNA synthesis as occurring mainly in the distal renal tubular epithelium. These deficient kidneys also exhibit interstitial expansion that parallels the pattern of DNA synthesis in that both processes are more prominent in the medulla than in the cortex. mRNAs for collagens I, III and IV in conjunction with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are up-regulated in the kidney in rats maintained on the deficient diet. In complementary in vitro studies, the exposure of rat kidney fibroblasts, NRK 49F cells, to noncytolytic doses of hydrogen peroxide, induces collagen III, collagen IV and TGF-β1 mRNA. Induction of these genes is also observed in mesangial cells so exposed to noncytolytic doses of hydrogen peroxide. A final aspect of our study was the examination of renal generation of hydrogen peroxide and the profile of the hydrogen peroxide-degrading enzymes. Deficient kidneys exhibit increased mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide independent of oxygen consumption but in conjunction with suppression of glutathione peroxidase mRNA and activity. Lipid peroxidation was increased twofold in the cortex and medulla of the deficient kidneys. Surprisingly, catalase activity, measured in the cortex and medulla, and whole kidney catalase mRNA were also reduced in rats maintained on the antioxidant deficient diet, effects that may further compromise the clearance of hydrogen peroxide. These changes in catalase represent an adverse response to this dietary deficiency, and may be relevant to decreased catalase activity described in chronic renal insufficiency. Thus, a chronic prooxidant state, with features that mimic those of clinical uremia, increases DNA synthesis of renal tubular epithelium, induces mRNA expression for collagens I, III and IV in conjunction with the mRNA for the fibrogenic cytokine, TGF-β1. Oxidants also induce collagen III, collagen IV and TGF-β1 mRNA in vitro.
SIMPLE SOLUBLE MODEL FOR THE DECAY OF AN UNSTABLE STATE.

A solution is presented for the decay of a discrete state to a continuum via a coupling of Lorentzian form, the continuum extending over all real energy values. Although the model is highly unrealistic, it is of interest because of the unusually simple analytic form of the results. The behavior of the decay solution is examined as a function of the coupling constant, and its relationship to the $S$ matrix is investigated.
Modulation of L-type calcium channels in Drosophila via a pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-mediated pathway.

Modulation of calcium channels plays an important role in many cellular processes. Previous studies have shown that the L-type Ca2+ channels in Drosophila larval muscles are modulated via a cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated pathway. This raises questions on the identity of the steps prior to cAMP, particularly the endogenous signal that may initiate this modulatory cascade. We now present data suggesting the possible role of a neuropeptide, pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), in this modulation. Mutations in the amnesiac (amn) gene, which encodes a polypeptide homologous to human PACAP-38, reduced the L-type current in larval muscles. Conditional expression of a wild-type copy of the amn gene rescued the current from this reduction. Bath application of human PACAP-38 also rescued the current. PACAP-38 did not rescue the mutant current in the presence of PACAP-6–38, an antagonist at type-I PACAP receptor. 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine, an inhibitor of adenylyl cyclase, prevented PACAP-38 from rescuing the amn current. In addition, 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine reduced the wild-type current to the level seen in amn, whereas it failed to further reduce the current observed in amn muscles. H-89, an inhibitor of PKA, suppressed the effect of PACAP-38 on the current. The above data suggest that PACAP, the type-I PACAP receptors, and adenylyl cyclase play a role in the modulation of L-type Ca2+ channels via cAMP-PKA pathway. The data also provide support for functional homology between human PACAP-38 and the amn gene product in Drosophila.
Vulnerability of wild American ginseng to an extreme early spring temperature fluctuation

Frost events in natural plant populations can have dramatic demographic consequences. For many plant species, spring emergence occurs when probability of damaging frost is low. Climate change, however, may alter weather patterns such that the environmental cues signaling spring emergence no longer coincide with periods of low frost risk, rendering plant populations susceptible to damaging frost events more frequently than in the past. In 2007, a spring freeze occurred in the eastern United States after a period of unusually warm temperatures. We took advantage of a long-term demographic dataset for American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) to examine among and within population patterns of frost damage, as well as the effects of the frost on ginseng demography. Higher temperatures prior to the frost event increased the probability and extent of frost damage at the population level. Within populations, large plants tended to be damaged more frequently than smaller plants. Survival, growth, and reproduction were reduced in frost-damaged plants compared to undamaged plants in the year of the frost event, and negative effects on growth and reproduction persisted the following year. For plants such as ginseng, increases in frost frequency will negatively impact population growth, and likely have serious ramifications for long-term population viability.
wal-mart, 'katrina', and other ideological tricks : Jamaican hotel workers in Michigan

This essay explores the relationships between labour and community formation in order to think through how, where, and when diasporic solidarities are imagined or refused. I draw on ethnographic research among Jamaican women contracted for seasonal work in US hotels to situate diasporic calls and responses in relation to specific contexts and a changing global political economy. I show how global geopolitical shifts not only shape the processes of identity formation and social reproduction, but also condition the perpetuation of notions of nationalized racial hierarchies and ideologies of progress. I also show that hotel workers' notions of ‘America’ and their commitment to the ‘American Dream’ shapes their subjectivities as migrant workers/consumers and, in their assessment, differentiates them from African-Americans, particularly those most immediately affected by Hurricane Katrina. In doing so, I demonstrate that one of the ideological hegemonies of diaspora is the idea that an individual's capacity to affect their own social mobility and that of their social network always outstrips the ‘locals’ in diasporic elsewheres.
Cross protection between strains of cucumber mosaic virus: Effect of host and type of inoculum on accumulation of virions and double-stranded RNA of the challenge strain

Two strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) differed in three characteristics of value for cross-protection experiments. Their virions and also two of their double-stranded RNAs could be separated and distinguished by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels, and the symptoms of one strain were milder than the other in tobacco, tomato, and squash. The mild strain, CMV-S, protected plants of these three hosts from the effects of the second strain, CMV-P, and also prevented the accumulation of virions and ds RNAs of the challenge strain. Protection was detected in leaves inoculated with the challenge strain and also in later formed leaves. The only exception to this result was the accumulation of ds RNAs and to a lesser extent virions of the challenge strain when infectious viral RNA was used as the challenge inoculum instead of virus particles. This breakdown of cross protection occurred only in those leaves inoculated with the challenge strain RNA. No accumulation of challenge ds RNAs or virions occurred in later formed leaves. Tomato and tobacco plants infected with CMV-S were not protected from infection by tobacco mosaic virus.
Phylogenetic analysis of pelecaniformes (aves) based on osteological data: implications for waterbird phylogeny and fossil calibration studies.

Background Debate regarding the monophyly and relationships of the avian order Pelecaniformes represents a classic example of discord between morphological and molecular estimates of phylogeny. This lack of consensus hampers interpretation of the group's fossil record, which has major implications for understanding patterns of character evolution (e.g., the evolution of wing-propelled diving) and temporal diversification (e.g., the origins of modern families). Relationships of the Pelecaniformes were inferred through parsimony analyses of an osteological dataset encompassing 59 taxa and 464 characters. The relationships of the Plotopteridae, an extinct family of wing-propelled divers, and several other fossil pelecaniforms (Limnofregata, Prophaethon, Lithoptila, ?Borvocarbo stoeffelensis) were also assessed. The antiquity of these taxa and their purported status as stem members of extant families makes them valuable for studies of higher-level avian diversification.