cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional records of surface displacement on the Superstition Hills fault zone associated with the earthquakes of 24 November 1987

Seven quadrilaterals, constructed at broadly distributed points on surface breaks within the Superstition Hills fault zone, were repeatedly remeasured after the pair of 24 November 1987 earthquakes to monitor the growing surface displacement. Changes in the dimensions of the quadrilaterals are recalculated to right-lateral and extensional components at millimeter resolution, and vertical components of change are resolved at 0.2 mm precision. The displacement component data for four of the seven quadrilaterals record the complete fault movement with respect to an October 1986 base. These data fit with remarkable agreement the power law U ( t ) = U f ( B t 1 + B t ) c , where U ( t ) is a displacement component at time t after the second main shock and Uf , B , and c are constants. This power law permits estimation of the final displacement, Uf , from the data obtained within the period of observation. Data from one quadrilateral, located near the epicenter of the second main shock and northeast-trending conjugate faults, allow that about 5 cm of right-lateral slip may have been associated with the first main shock there. Data from the other quadrilaterals confirm that the surface faulting on most of the Superstition Hills fault zone did initiate at the time of the second main shock of the 1987 earthquakes. The three-dimensional motion vectors all describe nearly linear trajectories throughout the observation period, and they indicate smooth shearing on their respective fault surfaces. The inclination of the shear surfaces is generally nearly vertical, except near the south end of the Superstition Hills fault zone where two strands dip northeastward at about 70°. Surface displacement on these strands is right reverse. Another kind of deformation, superimposed on the fault displacements, has been recorded at all quadrilateral sites. It consists of a northwest-southeast contraction or component of contraction that ranged from 0 to 0.1 per cent of the quadrilateral lengths between November 1987 and April 1988.
DOSE: Detecting user-driven operating states of electronic devices from a single sensing point

Electricity and appliance usage information can often reveal the nature of human activities in a home. For instance, sensing the use of vacuum cleaner, a microwave oven, and kitchen appliances can give insights into a person's current activities. Instead of putting a sensor on each appliance, our technique is based on the idea that appliance usage can be sensed by their manifestations in an environment's existing electrical infrastructure. Prior approaches using this technique could only detect an appliance's on-off states; that is, they only sense “what” is being used, but not “how” it is used. In this paper, we introduce DOSE, a significant advancement for inferring operating states of electronic devices from a single sensing point in a home. When an electronic device is in operation, it generates time-varying Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) based upon its operating states (e.g., vacuuming on a rug vs. hardwood floor). This EMI noise is coupled to the power line and can be picked up from a single sensing hardware attached to the wall outlet in a house. Unlike prior data-driven approaches, we employ domain knowledge of the device's circuitry for semi-supervised model training to avoid tedious labeling process. We evaluated DOSE in a residential house for 2 months and found that operating states for 16 appliances could be estimated with an average accuracy of 93.8%. These fine-grained electrical characteristics affords rich feature sets of electrical events and have the potential to support various applications such as in-home activity inference, energy disaggregation and device failure detection.
A comparative study of different means of assessing long-term energy expenditure in humans

We compared three independent techniques for measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) in human subjects: 1) weight-maintaining energy intake (dietTEE), 2) 24-h chamber calorimetry (chamberTEE), and 3) differential elimination rates 2H2O and H(2)18O (isotopeTEE). Twenty-three healthy adult in-patients [19 never obese (NO), 2 obese (OB), and 2 formerly-obese (RO); 9 female, 14 malel] ingested a liquid formula diet (40% of calories as fat, 45% carbohydrate, 15% protein), the volume of which was adjusted until body weight was stable for at least 14 days. Body composition was then determined by hydrodensitometry, isotope dilution, and dual photon beam absorptiometry (DXA). The thermic effect of feeding (TEF) and resting energy expenditure [REE; measured before arising (dietREE) and after arising (chamberREE)] were determined by indirect calorimetry. Non-resting energy expenditure (NREE) was calculated as NREE = TEE - (REE + TEF). Subjects then gained or lost 10% of their body weight and were restudied as described above. All measures of TEE were significantly correlated (dietTEE vs. chamberTEE r2 = 0.75; dietTEE vs. isotopeTEE r2 = 0.88; isotopeTEE vs. chamberTEE r2 = 0.73; P < 0.0001). ChamberTEE (mean +/- SE = 2,107 +/- 64 kcal/day) was approximately 20% lower than either dietTEE (2,536 +/- 94 kcal/day, P < 0.0001) or isotopeTEE (2,564 +/- 83 kcal/day, P < 0.0001). When data were normalized to metabolic mass, weight gain of 10% was associated with significant increases in dietTEE (P < 0.005) and isotopeTEE (P < 0.05) but not chamberTEE; weight loss of 10% was associated with significant reductions in dietTEE (P < 0.005) and isotopeTEE (P < 0.05) but not chamberTEE. We conclude that measures of energy expenditure obtained in a highly controlled environment by caloric titration (dietTEE) or differential excretion rates of 2H2O and H(2)18O (isotopeTEE) are not significantly different and that measurements of TEE obtained in a respiratory chamber (chamberTEE) are significantly lower than dietTEE or isotopeTEE, probably largely due to limitations on physical activity in the chamber.
Epidemiological and clinical relevance of insomnia diagnosis algorithms according to the DSM-IV and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD).

Abstract Background Although the epidemiology of insomnia in the general population has received considerable attention in the past 20 years, few studies have investigated the prevalence of insomnia using operational definitions such as those set forth in the ICSD and DSM-IV, specifying what proportion of respondents satisfied the criteria to reach a diagnosis of insomnia disorder. Methods This is a cross-sectional study involving 25,579 individuals aged 15 years and over representative of the general population of France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain and Finland. The participants were interviewed on sleep habits and disorders managed by the Sleep-EVAL expert system using DSM-IV and ICSD classifications. Results At the complaint level, too short sleep (20.2%), light sleep (16.6%), and global sleep dissatisfaction (8.2%) were reported by 37% of the subjects. At the symptom level (difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep and non-restorative sleep at least 3 nights per week), 34.5% of the sample reported at least one of them. At the criterion level, (symptoms + daytime consequences), 9.8% of the total sample reported having them. At the diagnostic level, 6.6% satisfied the DSM-IV requirement for positive and differential diagnosis. However, many respondents failed to meet diagnostic criteria for duration, frequency and severity in the two classifications, suggesting that multidimensional measures are needed. Conclusions A significant proportion of the population with sleep complaints do not fit into DSM-IV and ICSD classifications. Further efforts are needed to identify diagnostic criteria and dimensional measures that will lead to insomnia diagnoses and thus provide a more reliable, valid and clinically relevant classification.
Host specificity and colony impacts of the fire ant pathogen, Solenopsis invicta virus 3.

Abstract An understanding of host specificity is essential before pathogens can be used as biopesticides or self-sustaining biocontrol agents. In order to define the host range of the recently discovered Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3), we exposed laboratory colonies of 19 species of ants in 14 genera and 4 subfamilies to this virus. Despite extreme exposure during these tests, active, replicating infections only occurred in Solenopsis invicta Buren and hybrid (S. invicta × S. richteri) fire ant colonies. The lack of infections in test Solenopsis geminata fire ants from the United States indicates that SINV-3 is restricted to the saevissima complex of South American fire ants, especially since replicating virus was also found in several field-collected samples of the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri Forel. S. invicta colonies infected with SINV-3 declined dramatically with average brood reductions of 85% or more while colonies of other species exposed to virus remained uninfected and healthy. The combination of high virulence and high host specificity suggest that SINV-3 has the potential for use as either a biopesticide or a self-sustaining biocontrol agent.
Membrane Composition Determines Pardaxin's Mechanism of Lipid Bilayer Disruption

Pardaxin is a membrane-lysing peptide originally isolated from the fish Pardachirus marmoratus. The effect of the carboxy-amide of pardaxin (P1a) on bilayers of varying composition was studied using 15 N and 31 P solid-state NMR of mechanically aligned samples and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 15 N NMR spectroscopy of ( 15 N-Leu19)P1a found that the orientation of the peptide's C-terminal helix depends on membrane composition. It is located on the surface of lipid bilayers composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and is inserted in lipid bilayers composed of 1,2- dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC). The former suggests a carpet mechanism for bilayer disruption whereas the latter is consistent with a barrel-stave mechanism. The 31 P chemical shift NMR spectra showed that the peptide significantly disrupts lipid bilayers composed solely of zwitterionic lipids, particularly bilayers composed of POPC, in agreement with a carpet mechanism. P1a caused the formation of an isotropic phase in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) lipid bilayers. This, combined with DSC data that found P1a reduced the fluid lamellar-to-inverted hexagonal phase transition temperature at very low concentrations (1:50,000), is interpreted as the formation of a cubic phase and not micellization of the membrane. Experiments exploring the effect of P1a on lipid bilayers composed of 4:1 POPC:cholesterol, 4:1 POPE: cholesterol, 3:1 POPC:1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG), and 3:1 POPE:POPG were also conducted, and the presence of anionic lipids or cholesterol was found to reduce the peptide's ability to disrupt bilayers. Considered together, these data demonstrate that the mechanism of P1a is dependent on membrane composition.
Histone H3 Lysine 36 Dimethylation (H3K36me2) Is Sufficient to Recruit the Rpd3s Histone Deacetylase Complex and to Repress Spurious Transcription

Histone methylation is associated with both transcription activation and repression. However, the functions of different states of methylation remain largely elusive. Here, using methyl-lysine analog technology, we demonstrate that the histone deacetylase complex, Rpd3S, can distinguish the nucleosomes methylated to different extents and that K36me2 is sufficient to target Rpd3S in vitro. Through a genome-wide survey, we identified a few mutants in which the level of K36me3 is significantly reduced, whereas the level of K36me2 is sustained. Transcription analysis and genome-wide histone modification studies on these mutants suggested that K36me2 is sufficient to target Rpd3S in vivo, thereby maintaining a functional Set2-Rpd3S pathway.
Truncation to Meet Requirements on Means

S EVERAL papers have recently been written on estimating the parameters of a population from examination of a random sample drawn from a truncated portion of the population. If the sample is drawn from a normal, Poisson, or binomial population which has been truncated, estimates for the parameters of the original population are given in refereinces [1], [2], and [6]. In this paper, we consider a converse problem: namely, if the parameters of a population are assumed to be known, how shall it be truncated to meet, with prescribed probabilities, certain sampling requirements? In particular, we consider onetail and two-tail truncation of a normal population to meet specified requirements on sample means. Subsequently, it is proposed to discuss the problems of meeting addi-tional specified requirements on sample dispersion.
Maceral, Total Organic Carbon, and Palynological Analyses of Ross Ice Shelf Project Site J9 Cores

Analyses of macerals and total organic carbon indicate that the low organic content of core sediments from Ross Ice Shelf Project site J9 has been selectively reduced further, probably by postdepositional submarine oxidation. Palynological analysis revealed a reworked Paleogene dinocyst flora of low diversity (the transantarctic flora). This constitutes the most southerly dinocyst flora reported thus far. The antarctic distribution of the transantarctic flora supports the existence of a transantarctic strait during the Paleogene. The J9 sporomorph assemblage also is reworked and Paleogene in age.
Styrene−Butadiene−Styrene Triblock Copolymers Modified with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes

A novel hybrid organic/inorganic triblock copolymer of polystyrene−butadiene−polystyrene (SBS) containing grafted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecules was synthesized by a hydrosilation method. The POSS molecules were designed to contain a single silane functional group, which was used to graft onto the dangling 1,2-butadienes in the polybutadiene soft block. Unlike typical free radical copolymerizations commonly used for many other POSS incorporations investigated, this synthesis method allows us to make a series of polymers with varying amounts of POSS without any change to the overall degree of polymerization or structure of the main SBS backbone. This gives us a unique opportunity to study the POSS behavior in the matrix and know that all differences are solely due to the POSS grafted to the soft continuous butadiene phase. X-ray diffraction revealed that the grafted POSS are very well dispersed in the matrix of the hybrid polymer, which is compared to the strong phase segregation obs...
Active transport of glutamine and glutamic acid in membrane vesicles from Mycobacterium phlei.

Summary In addition to proline, the active transport of glutamine and glutamate was demonstrated in the electron transport particles from Mycobacterium phlei . The uptake of glutamine and glutamic acid proceeded against the concentration gradient with various substrates and was sensitive to respiratory inhibitors and synthetic ionophores. The mode of energy transduction for the uptake of glutamine and glutamate appears to differ from that of proline, since the latter requires Na + although respiration per se is a prerequisite for the uptake of all the three amino acids. Studies with competitive inhibitors suggest that the carrier protein or binding site(s) for glutamine and glutamate are different from that of proline. The transport of proline, glutamine and glutamate occurs in the absence of latent ATPase, arsenate and in the absence of a proton gradient.
Canopy reflectance, photosynthesis, and transpiration. III : A reanalysis using improved leaf models and a new canopy integration scheme

The theoretical analyses of Sellers (1985, 1987), which linked canopy spectral reflectance properties to (unstressed) photosynthetic rates and conductances, are critically reviewed and significant shortcomings are identified. These are addressed in this article principally through the incorporation of a more sophisticated and realistic treatment of leaf physiological processes within a new canopy integration scheme. The results indicate that area-averaged spectral vegetation indices, as obtained from coarse resolution satellite sensors, may give good estimates of the area-integrals of photosynthesis and conductance even for spatially heterogenous (though physiologically uniform) vegetation covers.
Supercritical fluid extraction of metal ions and metal chelates from different environments

Abstract Metal ions and metal chelates have been extracted from both solid and aqueous matrices using both pure and modified supercritical fluid CO 2 . It has been demonstrated that fluorinated chelates have higher solubility in the supercritical fluid which can cause enhanced extraction efficiency. Stability of the neutral metal chelate under supercritical conditions plays an important role in the extraction of metal ions from water. Also, it has been demonstrated that the matrix can have a major effect on extraction of both metal ions and metal chelates. Addition of modifier to both matrix and supercritical fluid can increase extraction efficiency of analytes.
Constrained triple-component T2 quantification in vivo

T2 relaxation decay curves from in vivo human brain tissue are rarely mono-exponential due to both physiology and partial volume averaging. We propose a tri-exponential model, parametric fitting of the T2 relaxation curve, restricting the range for the T2 in each compartment, and estimating the probability of the existence of each of the components on a voxel-by-voxel basis. The model quantifies the T2 into three discrete compartments: Myelin (T2 short = 20-50 ms), White / Gray Matter (T2 middle = 50-120 ms), and CSF (T2 long = 120-500 ms). A constrained nonlinear minimization technique using subspace trust-region methods was implemented. A voxel-by-voxel analysis was performed, and for any given voxel, the three T2 components were forced to lie within each compartment. However, the magnitude for each of these components was allowed to take any non-negative value including zero. As a result, if any component were absent, its magnitude would be zero and hence not contribute to the fit. Results from the processing of six healthy normal adults, imaged on a 3T magnet with clinically viable imaging protocols, have been presented and are shown to be in excellent agreement with reported values. This technique is robust and accurate and may potentially be useful in aiding clinical diagnosis and follow-up of patients with white matter abnormalities.© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Biologic Differences Between Various Inhibitors of the BLyS/BAFF Pathway: Should We Expect Differences Between Belimumab and Other Inhibitors in Development?

For the first time in more than 50 years, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved a drug specifically for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This drug, belimumab, is a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the B-cell survival factor, B-lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS). Although belimumab has demonstrated a very favorable safety profile, many SLE patients have failed to clinically improve from belimumab therapy. Three additional BLyS antagonists (atacicept, blisibimod, tabalumab) are currently undergoing clinical testing. These antagonists subtly differ from belimumab in their biologic targets, and each is administered through a route (subcutaneous) that differs from the route through which belimumab is currently delivered (intravenous). Whether these differences will have meaningful consequences for efficacy and safety remains to be determined.
Inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the Goodenough-Harris and McCarthy Draw-A-Child scoring systems.

Inter-rater reliability of the Goodenough-Harris and McCarthy Draw-A-Child scoring systems was examined for a sample of 60 children, including 20 school-labeled learning disabled, 20 mentally retar...
Proceedings of the 2008 Annual Predoctoral Education Conference of the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM).

The Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM; http://www.stfm.org) is a community of professionals devoted to teaching family medicine through undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education. This multidisciplinary group of physicians, educators, behavioral scientists, and researchers works to further STFM's mission of improving the health of all people through education, research, patient care, and advocacy. STFM holds an annual conference each spring and a predoctoral education conference each winter. STFM held its 34th Predoctoral Education Conference in Portland, Oregon, from January 24 to 27, 2008. The theme was “Igniting Students' Passion for Serving the Underserved.” Christine Stabler, MD, Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, opened the conference with a plenary presentation on the passion for patient care, medical education, and advocacy that have defined her own career and continue to inspire medical trainees. Kenneth Ginsburg, MD, The Children's Hospital of Philadel...
Group cohomology of the universal ordinary distribution

For any odd squarefree integer r, we obtain a complete description of the Gra GalQOm r U=Q group cohomology of the universal ordinary distribution Ur in this paper. Moreover, for M a fixed integer dividing lˇ 1 for all prime factors l of r, we study the cohomology group HOGr; Ur=MUrU. In particular, we explain the construction of the elements kr0 for r 0 jr in Rubin (9), which come exactly from a certain Z=MZ-basis of the cohomology group H 0 OGr; Ur=MUrU through an evaluation map.
Birdshot retinochoroiditis: long term follow-up of a chronically progressive disease

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine the long-term course of birdshot retinochoroiditis by reviewing patient records from The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. DESIGN: A descriptive case series. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 19 patients seen at The University of Iowa for birdshot retinochoroiditis. Inclusion criteria were set before review. Goldmann perimetry isopters were converted to an area measurement in steradians and the I2e and I4e isopters were evaluated at each time point. The visual acuity, electroretinography (ERG), and visual field findings were compared to the clinical appearance of the fundus. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from one visit to 220 months. Of the 14 patients who were tested, all were HLA-A29-positive. Seven patients were followed for ≥60 months. Eleven patients were followed for ≥30 months. The initial visual acuity was 20/50 or better in 36 of 38 eyes and 20/60 and 20/80 in the remaining two. Visual acuity was worse than 20/50 in three of 22 eyes followed for more than 30 months. Visual field data demonstrated progressive loss of area for either the I4e or I2e isopters in six of seven patients who were followed for ≥60 months. Multiple ERGs were performed over time on eight of 19 patients; seven of eight patients demonstrated progressive loss of electrophysiologic indices. CONCLUSION: Retinal function in birdshot retinochoroiditis deteriorated progressively over a period of years despite stable visual acuity. Late in the course of disease, visual acuity may be lost due to chorioretinal atrophy in the posterior pole. Visual acuity alone is not an adequate parameter with which to monitor disease activity and may falsely suggest that a patient is stable or doing well. Intermittent treatment of the inflammatory exacerbations did not prevent progressive visual loss. Other treatment strategies such as prolonged corticosteroid or immunosuppressive treatment should be investigated for patients with birdshot retinochoroiditis.
Attributions, cognitive processes and control systems

Abstract This paper reports two experiments which are designed to provide insights into how superiors and subordinates make perceptual or cognitive mappings from accounting signals to causal agents. The experiments focus on superiors' and subordinates' information seeking and causal attribution utilization to explain the subordinate's reported performance. Particular attention is given to (1) asymmetric causal attribution utilization by the superior and the subordinate and (2) the attribution mappings the two actors make when they receive ambiguous signals about the subordinate's reported performance.
Rational Design of Temperature-Sensitive Alleles Using Computational Structure Prediction

Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations are mutations that exhibit a mutant phenotype at high or low temperatures and a wild-type phenotype at normal temperature. Temperature-sensitive mutants are valuable tools for geneticists, particularly in the study of essential genes. However, finding ts mutations typically relies on generating and screening many thousands of mutations, which is an expensive and labor-intensive process. Here we describe an in silico method that uses Rosetta and machine learning techniques to predict a highly accurate “top 5” list of ts mutations given the structure of a protein of interest. Rosetta is a protein structure prediction and design code, used here to model and score how proteins accommodate point mutations with side-chain and backbone movements. We show that integrating Rosetta relax-derived features with sequence-based features results in accurate temperature-sensitive mutation predictions.
Parametrized x-ray absorption in diagnostic radiology from Monte Carlo calculations: implications for x-ray detector design.

The integral dose to the patient and image signal to noise ratio (SNR) are inexorably coupled in x‐ray‐based diagnostic imaging. Advancements and optimal design of imaging devices need to consider the SNR as well as patient dose. The figure of merit, FOM=(SNR)2/(integral dose), is a useful parameter in optimizing detector designs because it is independent of input exposure, and therefore eliminates exposure as a design consideration. Although numerical calculation of the SNR is relatively straightforward in most cases, the integral dose calculation is made complex due to its scatter component’s high dependency on both x‐ray energy and patient thickness. Monte Carlo calculations over a range of monoenergetic x‐ray energies were used to calculate total energy absorption, and the results are parametrized using polynomial expressions. The results are shown to be applicable to any arbitrary polyenergetic spectrum. An example using the above FOM is given to illustrate the utility of the parametrized results. The parametrized results may prove useful in the computer simulations of x‐ray detector systems where the above FOM is utilized.
Characterization of desirable and undesirable lactobacilli from cheese in fermented milk

Aroma volatiles, acid production and proteolytic activity in the fermented milk of five lactobacillus cheese adjuncts were studied. The lactobacillus strains were previously characterized as desirable or undesirable adjuncts in cheese. The five lactobacilli varied widely in volatile production, acid production and proteolytic activity. The presence of a lactococcus did not enhance volatile production or proteolytic activity (P<0.05). Methyl ketones, 2-heptanone and 2-nonanone, were produced in large quantities by the desirable cheese adjuncts (P<0.05). Proteolytic activity was also higher in the two desirable cheese adjuncts (P<0.05). Proteolytic activity was also higher in the two desirable cheese adjuncts (P<0.05). Methanethiol was produced by one desirable and one undesirable adjunct. It was not possible to cluster the lactobacilli using principal components analysis of volatile production and proteolytic activity as desirable or undesirable cheese adjuncts.
A Topology for the Set of Primitive Ideals in an Arbitrary Ring.

1. In a recent paper we have called a ring ? primitive if a contains a maximal right ideal a whose quotient 3: P2 = 0.1 In general if a is any right ideal 3: W is the totality of elements b such that xb e S for all x in 1. 3: 2t is a two-sided deal and if 21 has an identity, : W1 is the largest twosided ideal of W1 contained in '. The primitive rings appear to play the same r61le in the general structure theory of rings that is played by simple rings in the classical theory of rings that satisfy the descending chain condition for one-sided ideals. Corresponding to the Wedderburn-Artin structure theorem on simple rings satisfying the descending chain condition we have the theorem that if 21 is a primitive ring 7 0, W1 is isomorphic to a dense ring of linear transformations in a suitable vector space over a division ring. W e shall call a two-sided ideal e3 in W1 a primitive ideal if Wg ^ 21 and 21 !3 is a primitive ring. It is known that if 82 is not a radical ring then 21 contains primitive ideals. Moreover, in this case the intersection II3 of all the primitive ideals in 2t coincides with the radical T of 91. In particular if 1 is semi-simple, II3 = 0. If 21 is a ring with an identity, 21 is not a radical ring. Hence if (S is any two-sided ideal 7 21 in W1, W1 contains a primitive ideal 3 6. Since W2 e3 (21 S) (3 (), e3 is primitive in 21. Thus if 21 is a ring with an identity any two-sided ideal E # 1 can be imbedded in a primitive ideal. Any commutative primitive ring is a field. Consequently any primitive ideal in a commutative ring is maximal. On the other hand, in a noncommutative ring there may exist primitive ideals that are not maximal. For example, the ring 8 of all linear transformations in an infinite dimensional vector space 9a over a division ring is primitive. Hence (0) is a primitive ideal. However, 8 contains as a proper two-sided ideal the set a of finite valued linear transformations in T9.
Repair of methylation damage in DNA and RNA by mammalian AlkB homologues.

Human and Escherichia coli derivatives of AlkB enzymes remove methyl groups from 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine in nucleic acids via an oxidative mechanism that releases the methyl group as formaldehyde. In this report, we demonstrate that the mouse homologues of the α-ketoglutarate Fe(II) oxygen-dependent enzymes mAbh2 and Abh3 have activities comparable to those of their human counterparts. The mAbh2 and mAbh3 release modified bases from both DNA and RNA. Comparison of the activities of the homogenous ABH2 and ABH3 enzymes demonstrate that these activities are shared by both sets of enzymes. An assay for the detection of α-ketoglutarate Fe(II) dioxygenase activity using an oligodeoxyribonucleotide with a unique modification shows activity for all four enzymes studied and a loss of activity for eight mutant proteins. Steady-state kinetics for removal of methyl groups from DNA substrates indicates that the reactions of the proteins are close to the diffusion limit. Moreover, mAbh2 or mAbh3 activity increases survival in a strain defective in alkB. The mRNAs of AHB2 and ABH3 are expressed most in testis for ABH2 and ABH3, whereas expression of the homologous mouse genes is different. The mAbh3 is strongly expressed in testis, whereas highest expression of mAbh2 is in heart. Other purified human AlkB homologue proteins ABH4, ABH6, and ABH7 do not manifest activity. The demonstration of mAbh2 and mAbh3 activities and their distributions provide data on these mammalian homologues of AlkB that can be used in animal studies.
Predictors of affective responses of mothers and fathers of children with cancer.

We investigated predictors of affective responses for 125 parents (77 mothers, 48 fathers) of children with various types of cancer who varied in time of diagnosis from newly diagnosed to 13 years following cancer treatment. The primary rationale of the investigation was to determine whether cognitive appraisals, perceived social supports, and caregivers' perceptions of children's behavior would predict affective responses differentially for mothers and fathers. We defined affectivity as self-reported depressive symptoms, and state and trait anxiety symptoms. Parents did not differ on any of the variables, including affective responses, although differential predictors of affective responses were revealed for mothers and fathers. Affiliation-related attributions were associated with affective responses for mothers, and achievement-related attributions and perceived social support were associated with affective responses for fathers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor skewing of CD34+ cell differentiation from a dendritic cell pathway into endothelial cells

Patients and animals bearing tumors have increased levels of CD34(+) progenitor cells, which are capable of developing into dendritic cells. However, addition of medium conditioned by murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells increases the cellularity of the CD34(+) cell cultures and redirects their differentiation into endothelial cells. The resulting cells resemble endothelial cells phenotypically as well as functionally by their capacity to reorganize into cord structures. Mechanisms by which tumors induced the increased cellularity and skewing toward endothelial cells were examined. Tumor-derived VEGF contributed to the increase in cellularity, but not to the redirection of differentiation. Differentiation into endothelial cells was blocked with sTie-2, suggesting tumor-derived angiopoietins in skewing differentiation. These studies show the capacity of tumors to skew progenitor cell development toward endothelial cells and define the mediators that contribute to endothelial cell development.
Organizing a complex technical proposal effort

A complex proposal is a document which offers to a potential customer an approach to a problem involving the activities of more than one department, division, or company working toward that goal. This paper discusses the organization of a hypothetical complex proposal and shows the nature of management responsibilities, the use of a “systems approach” to subdivide the workload, and the role of the Publications Project Leader.
New Pressure-Transient Analysis Model for Dual-Porosity Reservoirs

This paper presents a new analytical model for interpreting pressure-transient tests for wells producing from dual-porosity reservoirs. This model includes unsteady-state matrix flow and incorporates the effects of wellbore storage, skin, and, for gas reservoirs, desorption. The model is applicable to bounded and infinite-acting reservoirs.
SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF CALIFORNIA SEROGROUP VIRUS ACTIVITY IN OREGON

We wished to demonstrate evidence of the presence of California serogroup viruses in Oregon and to test for the presence of certain other arboviruses in large ungulates. Blood samples from black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), mule deer (O. hemionus hemionus), and Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) from nine counties in Oregon were tested by serumdilution plaque reduction neutralization for antibody to California serogroup viruses, including snowshoe hare, California encephalitis, and Jamestown Canyon, as well as to Cache Valley (Bunyam wera serogroup) and Klamath, an ungrouped rhabdovirus. Of 132 samples tested, 60 (46%) were found to be seropositive at a dilution of ≥1:10 for at least one of the five different arboviruses. Forty (30%) samples contained antibody to more than one arbovirus, and 15 samples (11%) contained antibody to all five. Of these 15, 14 were from 75 black-tailed deer sera collected in Lincoln County, Oregon. Seropositivity rates for black-tailed deer ranged from...
On replacing Am-Be neutron sources in compensated porosity logging tools.

Abstract Authors explored the direct replacement of Am–Be neutron sources in neutron porosity logging tools through Monte Carlo simulations using MCNP5. 252 Cf and electronic accelerator neutron sources based on the Deuterium–Tritium fusion reaction were considered. Between the sources, a tradeoff was noted between sensitivity to the presence of hydrogen and uncertainty due to counting statistics. It was concluded that both replacement sources as well as accelerator sources based on the Deuterium–Deuterium fusion reaction warrant further consideration as porosity log sources.
Analyses of Frozen Egg Products

Abstract FROZEN and dried egg products are about the only food items of much importance that are not sold and purchased on a uniform standard and grade basis according to Odell (1949). The Army Quartermaster Corps (1944) established tentative standards and grades to be used as a guide for the armed services purchase of frozen egg products. The Commodity Credit Corporation has used a different set of standards or specifications for the purchase of surplus frozen and dried egg products. The United States Department of Agriculture, Dairy and Poultry Inspection Service (1948) may issue certificates of quality of frozen egg products based solely on the “drill and smell” test. Freshly drilled frozen samples that have no abnormal odor are called satisfactory and those with a distinct abnormal odor are considered unsatisfactory. Since the war there has been increasing interest in the establishment of official standards and grades for frozen and dried . . .
Neutrino mass in grand unified SU(15).

We explore various scenarios in which neutrinos can obtain mass in a recently discussed model of grand unification based on the gauge group SU(15). Since SU(15) has only left-handed neutrinos, the mass is of Majorana type which necessarily violates lepton-number symmetry. We show that, by introducing the 15-dimensional Higgs-boson multiplet, one can naturally obtain a small neutrino mass through lepton-number violation which already exists at the unification scale.
Preserving User Location Privacy Based on Web Queries and LBS Responses

There is continued growth in online services that provide users with content based on location. These location based services (LBS) all require a location declaration by the user (or his electronic device). A typical example is a web query for services within an area in which the user is interested. Since the user cannot control the use of the data included in his query once it leaves the device or the response, he must assume that information is available to an unknown observer, thereby creating the potential for the user's location privacy to be compromised. This paper introduces the concept of a location privacy threshold which has two components: distance from the true location and probability that an observer would select the user's true location from a set of bogus locations. To preserve the user's location privacy, his location can be cloaked by adding additional web queries for the same information in areas near his designated location. A minimum spanning tree algorithm is used to identify clusters of potential user locations and determine whether the queries and replies provide enough uncertainty in the user's location to meet his predetermined privacy threshold.
Influence of Cry1Ab Protein and Hybrid Genotype on Fumonisin Contamination and Fusarium Ear Rot of Corn

Fusarium ear rot of corn (Zea mays L.) is associated with feeding damage from the European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, and the corn earworm (CEW), Helicoverpa zea Boddie. Specific transformation events encoding for Cry1Ab protein from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) may reduce Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin concentration in grain by minimizing damage from certain insects. The objective of this study was to determine if effects from Cry1Ab protein in kernels and silks on fumonisin concentration in grain vary depending on the genotype of the hybrid or the predominant insect species. Four Bt corn hybrids and their corresponding nontransgenic, near-isogenic hybrids were compared for ear rot severity and fumonisin concentration in grain in four environments. Treatments included inoculation with F. verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenb. (Syn = F. moniliforme J. Sheld.) and F. proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenb., infestation with ECB larvae, infestation with CEW larvae, and controls. Cry1Ab protein from the Mon810 transformation event was associated with reduced ear rot severity when hybrids were not inoculated with Fusarium spp., regardless of whether hybrids were infested or not infested with insects. Cry1Ab protein was associated with reduced fumonisin concentration in grain when ECB was the predominant insect, but not when CEW was the predominant insect. Cry1Ab protein was not associated with reduced fumonisin concentration in grain for the most resistant hybrid pair in this study. Results suggest that Bt hybrids can reduce fumonisin concentration in grain during seasons when ECB is favored, but not during seasons when CEW is favored. Hybrid genotype was an important factor in reducing fumonisin concentration in grain.
An Overview of Automotive Cybersecurity: Challenges and Solution Approaches

In recent years, several academic teams demonstrated that it is possible to hack vehicles via every available interface (telematics, cellular, Bluetooth, etc.). In this presentation a brief overview of recent results will be presented, and current cybersecurity and privacy threats will be described including attacks on functional safety, attacks for financial purposes, attacks on infrastructure, and considerations around privacy. The differences of automotive cybersecurity to Internet data security will be analyzed, and we will explore why traditional security solutions and even Internet-of-Things security solutions often do not translate well to the automotive world. We will then consider future applications such as vehicle-to-vehicle communication and automated vehicles, and analyze what security risks and challenges these technologies introduce. Research results for implementing automotive cybersecurity will be presented, including connected vehicle security and privacy, secure in-vehicle communication, automotive firewalls and intrusion detection systems, trusted hardware, and formally verified communication interfaces. Finally, an overview of current research initiatives will be provided, and an outlook to future security and research demands will be given.
Design of Intramedullary Femoral Stems Using Computer Graphics

This study describes a method for maximizing the size of an intramedullary stem which can physically be inserted into the canal of the femur. The potential applications of this are for ‘press-fit’ stems where maximizing the area of contact with the endosteal surface is likely to be important, and for cemented stems where a uniform cement layer is desirable. The 3-dimensional shape of a femur is described by using CT data of transverse sections. The computer program uses an algorithm which minimizes the amount of material removed from the stem sections, with preference being given to areas of maximum load transmission. Different parameters are investigated, such as the level and angle of the neck cut, and the length of the stem. Comparisons of percentage of the canal filled are made with standard symmetrical stems. It is shown that computer-generated stems filled substantially more than available symmetrical stems.
Warnings and Pedestrian Behavior: A Case Study of Unintended Effects

We examine a case in which contradictory behaviors to a single safety stimulus occur even though the information content of the warning appears to have been correctly understood. Observations of pedestrian behavior at a grade crossing with active signals are reported. Some pedestrians often ignored warnings to stay out of the grade crossing while trains were entering or leaving the station. These data are consistent with proposals that hazard communications are among the multiple pieces of information that users may draw on in order to complete a desired objective. It is argued that pedestrian violations have different causes than motor vehicle violation, but personal goals and convenience play an important role in compliance with crossing signals. Frameworks for incorporating goal-oriented behavior into theories of warnings effectiveness, such as "affordances" are briefly discussed. Language: en
Total internal reflection fluorescence-correlation spectroscopy study of molecular transport in thin sol-gel films.

Total internal reflection fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is used to measure mass transport rates through thin sol−gel films. Fluctuations in the fluorescence signal derive from molecular statistics due to the small number (∼1000) of rhodamine 6G dye molecules in the observation region. Autocorrelation of the fluctuating signal is fit to a model describing diffusion in the evanescent wave excitation. Silica sol−gel films were prepared by dip-coating 27-nm porous silica particles, which were synthesized by a base-catalyzed sol−gel method, onto microscope slides. The measured diffusivities ranged from 1 to 2 orders of magnitude slower than free diffusion and decreased with increasing number of dips used to prepare the film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the film structure and showed that increasing the number of dips produced more uniform and well-ordered films. To determine what role the dip-coating process plays in inducing order, deposited films were further dipped into eth...
Perspectives on Models of Job Performance

Contemporary models of job performance are reviewed. Links between task performance, contextual performance, organizational citizenship behaviors, counterproductivity and organizational deviance are pointed out. Measurement issues in constructing generic models applicable across jobs are discussed. Implications for human resource management in general, and performance appraisal for selection and assessment in particular, are explored. It is pointed out that the different dimensions or facets of individual job performance hypothesized in the literature are positively correlated. This positive manifold suggests the presence of a general factor which represents a common variance shared across all the dimensions or facets. Although no consensus exists in the extant literature on the meaning and source of this shared variance (i.e., the general factor), rater idiosyncratic halo alone does not explain this general factor. Future research should explain the common individual differences determinants of performance dimensions.
Marked improvement of erythropoiesis in an anephric patient

The hemoglobin concentration of an anephric patient rose steadily from 4.7 to 12.5 g/dl over a period of 20 months. This marked improvement in erythropoiesis was observed following subtotal parathyroidectomy and at a time when the patient had an episode of hepatitis B.
Liquid Crystalline Polymers for Efficient Bilayer-Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells

The unique temperature-dependent solubility of liquid crystalline poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PBTTT) enabled us to construct the first bilayer-bulk-heterojunction devices based on a PBTTT:PCBM (1:2)/MDMO-PPV:[70]PCBM (1:4) active layer. The bilayer device exhibited an extended optical absorption over the solar spectrum and concentration gradient that enhanced charge carrier transport. Postannealing the bilayer-bulk-heterojunction devices yielded a Voc of 0.59 V, Jsc values of 10.1−10.7 mA/cm2, an FF of 0.50, and PCE values of 3.0−3.2%, showing an increased Jsc and PCE by a factor of 2 with respect to their single layer counterparts. This study suggests that the bilayered device structure has distinct advantages for the development of highly efficient polymer solar cells.
An ERD based study of the electromigration of hydrogen in V, Ta, Nb, and Ti

Abstract Elastic recoil detection (ERD) has been successfully applied to the measurement of hydrogen and deuterium electromigration in metals. Besides providing a sensitive and direct measure of hydrogen isotope concentrations in the direction of transport, advantages over other techniques include excellent spatial resolution and the ability to distinguish between surface and bulk effects. Using incident 4He ions to determine the lateral redistribution of hydrogen due to the presence of a large electric current, we have measured the effective charge Z ∗ of H in α-Nb, Ta, and Ti under various conditions. We also demonstrate the simultaneous determination of Z ∗ of H and D in α-V. Data analysis methods and sample preparation are discussed.