cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of peroxisomes (microbodies) in mouse myocardium.

Abstract The application of the alkaline diaminobenzidine technique for visualization of catalase to mouse heart revealed numerous dark brown particles in the sarcoplasm of myocardial fibers. By electron microscopy the reaction product was localized in 0.2–0.5 μm particles which were located mostly at the junction of A- and I- bands and in close association with mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In control preparations the particles had the typical ultrastructural characteristics of microbodies with a finely granular matrix surrounded by a single limiting membrane but lacked crystalline nucleoids. In biochemical studies it was shown that the highest specific activities of catalase, d -amino acid oxidase and l -α-hydroxy acid oxidase were found in association with the microsomal fraction which contained numerous catalase-positive particles similar to those demonstrated in tissue sections. These findings suggest that the catalase positive particles of myocardium contain in addition to catalase two flavin oxidases and are thus identified morphologically as well as biochemically as peroxisomes.
A Unique Propulsion System for Electric Multiple-Unit Cars for Philadelphia-Area Commuter Service

This paper describes the ultramodern commuter car design which has been developed and applied by the Pennsylvania Railroad with the financial help of the City of Philadelphia and the general guidance of a local consulting firm. Test runs and service operation to date are included.
The omnipotent platelet

This information was derived from the increase in platelets of patients following fractures and/or bone surgery and in conjunction with a vast amount of published literature. The increase in numbers of platelets reflects the extent of bone involvement, especially noted in the hip, knee, post-coronary artery bypass graft, and multiple fractures. The role of the platelet in any and all tissues, i.e. soft tissue or bone, whether beneficial or detrimental, is multifunctional. The platelet responds to all physiologic and pathologic states and, if tissue involved is sufficient, the role of the platelet becomes obvious.
Four-Month Attentional Regulation and Its Prediction of Three-Year Compliance.

The extent to which 4-month attentional regulation during an infant-mother still-face situation and 12-month attachment security during the Strange Situation predicted rates of compliance and noncompliance during a cleanup task at 36 months was examined longitudinally in 70 infant-mother dyads. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that infants who showed more attentional regulation during the still-face situation with mothers later showed a higher rate of committed compliance and a lower rate of situational compliance during cleanup with mothers. Furthermore, lower levels of attentional regulation were later associated with higher rates of assertive behavior, but only for infants in an insecure attachment relationship.
Histochemical patterns in the tadpole tail during normal and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. II. Succinic dehydrogenase, Mg- and Ca-adenosine triphosphatases, thiamine pyrophosphatase, and 5'-nucleotidase.

Abstract The distributions of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), adenosine triphosphatases (Mg-ATPase, Ca-ATPase), thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase), and 5′-nucleotidase (5′-Nase) were demonstrated histochemically in sections of growing and resorbing tails of Rana pipiens tadpoles. The main site of SDH activity was striated muscle, especially under the sarcolemma of small, peripheral cells. Mg-ATPase (pH 7.2) was similarly located but together with TPPase and 5′-Nase, was also present in the epidermis, blood vessel walls, and connective tissue, particularly the myocommata and outer notochordal sheath. TPPase was less active, and 5′-Nase still less active, than Mg-ATPase in the latter two locations. (Mg-ATPase and TPPase were also found in the ependyma of the spinal cord.) On the other hand, Ca-ATPase activity (pH 9.4) was almost uniformly distributed within all striated muscle cells; some activity was also evident in the epidermis and blood vessel walls, as well as in the connective tissue of the fins. In general, as the tail shortened during normal and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis, activity of SDH and of Mg-ATPase in peripheral muscle cells decreased, Ca-ATPase activity in muscle remained more or less the same, and activity of enzymes in other tissues of the tail either remained similar to increased. The present data on the differential distribution of five enzymes related to energy metabolism, transport, and muscle contraction, extend the histochemical catalog of enzyme localizations in the tail of tadpoles throughout early larval and metamorphic stages of development.
Determination of the Primary Target of a Quinolone Drug and the Effect of Quinolone Resistance-Conferring Mutations by Measuring Quinolone Sensitivity Based on Its Mode of Action

We used an assay to measure quinolone sensitivity as a shift in the position of the cleavage-religation equilibrium. This assay was found to be useful in identifying the primary target of a quinolone drug and assessing the effect of quinolone resistance-conferring mutations.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for inferring diversity in wild and domesticated sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris )

Eight microsatellite loci were characterized within two cultivated beet ( Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris ) accessions and one accession of the wild progenitor of domesticated sugar beet, Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima . Allele diversity was high, yielding two to 11 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values obtained for these eight loci where also high and indicate the highly informative nature of the microsatellites presented here. These described markers add to a small set of publicly available microsatellite markers for beet and will be instrumental in identifying patterns of genetic diversity and origins of domestication.
Resonance structure of molecular clusters of B-HMX for THz frequencies

Calculations are presented of ground state resonance structure associated with molecular clusters of b-HMX using density functional theory (DFT), which is for analysis using a model representation of the coupling between resonance modes for ground state excitation. With respect to qualitative analysis, this model representation of the coupling among resonance modes provides a reasonable molecular level interpretation of various features of the excitation spectra associated with the ground state of molecular clusters. The DFT software GAUSSIAN was used for the calculations of ground state resonance structure presented.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Paul Ekman and the legacy of universals

Abstract This paper focuses on the legacy of Paul Ekman’s classic work on the universality of emotions, describing the spirit of the man underlying the research, and what the findings have meant not only to subsequent research on emotion but to the field of psychology as well.
A Note on the Steady Flow of Blood in Distensible Tubes

The steady flow of a fluid with constant viscosity through an elastic tube is modified to account for the radial viscosity variations observed in blood flow. It is assumed that a one-dimensional flow analysis holds locally and that the relationship between tube radius and transmural pressure is known.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Signaling Resistance in the Female Myocardium During Ischemia

Background— Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) is increased in myocardial tissue after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). TNF contributes to postischemic myocardial dysfunction and induces proinflammatory signaling, which may be mediated by the 55-kDa TNF receptor (TNFR1). In humans, there is a direct correlation between functional capacity, survival, and circulating TNF levels. Although decreasing the TNF level in animals was beneficial after myocardial ischemia, simply decreasing the bioavailability of TNF in humans with heart failure was not beneficial. This led to the important appreciation that TNF may have beneficial or deleterious effects in the heart, depending on which of its receptors is activated. Females have a lower incidence of heart failure and a higher heart failure survival than males. We hypothesized that TNFR1 signaling resistance occurs in the female myocardium during ischemia. Methods and Results— Hearts from male and female TNFR1-knockout and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to I/R. Female WT mice had better postischemic recovery than did male WT mice, an effect that appeared to be due to TNFR1 signaling resistance in females. Female WT mice had less myocardial depression after TNF infusion despite equivalent TNFR1 expression. Interestingly, TNFR1 ablation improved postischemic myocardial function, decreased activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and reduced expression of interleukins-1β and -6 in males but not in females. Furthermore, WT females expressed more of the suppressor of cytokine signaling protein 3 after I/R, which may in part explain TNFR1 signaling resistance in the female myocardium. Conclusions— This study demonstrates that sex differences exist in myocardial TNF signaling by TNFR1 after I/R.
Acute coronary events associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Abstract Acute coronary events reported in patients enrolled in the NHLBI PTCA Registry were analyzed. Data were collected on 3,079 patients from 105 contributing centers. Coronary vascular events (dissection, occlusion, spasm, embolism, perforation or rupture) or ischemic events (MI or prolonged angina) occurred in 418 patients (13.6%). Major complications (MI), emergency surgery or death) occurred in 280 patients (67%) with acute coronary events. The most frequent events were prolonged angina, which occurred in 211 (6.8%), and MI, in 170 (5.5%). Coronary dissection, occlusion and spasm each occurred in approximately 5% of patients. Coronary embolism, perforation and rupture were rare ( 80%) of associated major complications. A substantially lower incidence of major complications occurred in patients with isolated coronary spasm (18%) or prolonged angina (35%). Clinical and angiographic predictors for overall and specific events were identified. Coronary events occurred more frequently in women and patients with unstable angina. Eccentric lesions were associated with a higher rate of coronary events, and event rates were lower with single discrete lesions than with other types of lesions. The frequency of any coronary event, MI, prolonged angina and coronary spasm each decreased with increasing experience with PTCA. The frequency of dissection and occlusion did not change with experience.
Majocchi's granuloma in solid organ transplant recipients.

F.A. Romero, P.J. Deziel, R.R. Razonable. Majocchi's granuloma in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 424–432. All rights reserved Abstract: Superficial fungal infections are fairly prevalent in transplant recipients and the incidence increases with more intense graft-conserving immunosuppressive therapy. Majocchi's granuloma is a deep folliculitis caused by dermatophytes that involves deeper layers of the dermis. Only a few case reports of the condition have been documented in transplant recipients. After an extensive review of the medical literature, 21 cases were retrieved and are summarized here, together with a new case that occurred in a recent heart transplant recipient from our institution. This report aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of Majocchi's granuloma in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, with special focus on potential risk factors, offending pathogens, clinical presentation, therapeutic approaches, and outcome. General observations are presented emphasizing the relevance of close clinical and dermatologic follow-up in high-risk SOT patients with specific comments regarding treatment regimens and outcomes.
Free-space optical communication through atmospheric turbulence channels

In free-space optical communication links, atmospheric turbulence causes fluctuations in both the intensity and the phase of the received light signal, impairing link performance. We describe several communication techniques to mitigate turbulence-induced intensity fluctuations, i.e., signal fading. These techniques are applicable in the regime in which the receiver aperture is smaller than the correlation length of fading and the observation interval is shorter than the correlation time of fading. We assume that the receiver has no knowledge of the instantaneous fading state. When the receiver knows only the marginal statistics of the fading, a symbol-by-symbol ML detector can be used to improve detection performance. If the receiver has knowledge of the joint temporal statistics of the fading, maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) can be employed, yielding a further performance improvement, but at the cost of very high complexity. Spatial diversity reception with multiple receivers can also be used to overcome turbulence-induced fading. We describe the use of ML detection in spatial diversity reception to reduce the diversity gain penalty caused by correlation between the fading at different receivers.
Design and Synthesis of Carbon Molecular Sieves for Separation and Catalysis

The activities and selectivities of Pt/C, Fe/SiO2, Pt/CMS, Pt/C/CMS, and Fe/SiO2/CMS catalysts were compared for the competitive hydrogenation of propylene and isobutylene in a continuous flow reactor. The latter two materials are novel hybrid catalysts, and the Fe/SiO2/CMS is an inorganic oxide-modified carbon molecular sieve (IOM-CMS). The carbon molecular sieving catalysts provide reactant shape selectivity for propylene versus isobutylene hydrogenation, when compared to the nonsieving versions of the catalysts with the same active metal. A pure carbon molecular sieve was shown to be inactive for hydrogenation under the conditions of this study. The effective diffusivities of propylene and isobutylene in the CMS catalysts were determined at 21°C using the gravimetric method. The effective diffusivity of propylene was found to be two orders of magnitude higher than that for isobutylene. A simple ordering analysis based upon the Thiele modulus is sufficient to capture the essential features of the improved reactant shape selectivity provided by the CMS catalyst.
Likelihood‐based Analysis of a Class of Generalized Long‐Memory Time Series Models

. This article introduces a family of ‘generalized long-memory time series models’, in which observations have a specified conditional distribution, given a latent Gaussian fractionally integrated autoregressive moving-average (ARFIMA) process. The observations may have discrete or continuous distributions (or a mixture of both). The family includes existing models such as ARFIMA models themselves, long-memory stochastic volatility models, long-memory censored Gaussian models and others. Although the family of models is flexible, the latent long-memory process poses problems for analysis. Therefore, we introduce a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm and develop a set of recursions which makes it feasible. This makes it possible, among other things, to carry out exact likelihood-based analysis of a wide range of non-Gaussian long-memory models without resorting to the use of likelihood approximations. The procedure also yields predictive distributions that take into account model parameter uncertainty. The approach is demonstrated in two case studies.
Prevention of Deep- Vein Thrombosis Due to Stasis

Deep-vein thrombosis due to stasis in the lower extremities commonly occurs in surgery or during prolonged periods of bed rest. A system to prevent stasis was developed and consists of a three-compartment pressure cuff, a pneumatic source, and an electronic controller. The cuff is designed to be placed on the lower extremities over the calf. Each section of the cuff is sequentially and intermittently compressed. The sequential action for this compression is developed by an electronic controller that regulates pressure, periodicity, and duration of compression. Results show that a pressure wave can be developed that squeezes and propels the blood anteriorly through the venous system, and when the pressure is released the venous system refills.
Beyond Mothers and Children: Finding the Family in Pediatric Psychology

a new invention, and few families owned one. Children were to be reared in a two-parent family consisting of one set of biological parents and their children. Adoptions were generally kept secret. Unwed motherhood, homosexuality, and alcoholism were shameful topics discussed only behind closed doors. There was no sex education in schools. Divorce was taboo, and most people had never heard of marijuana. Racial segregation was legal and interracial marriage was illegal. If a woman with children worked outside the home, she was pitied because her husband was not a good provider. Women with serious careers did not marry. In pediatrics, antibiotics were newly available and IM penicillin was cheerfully administered to children for all sorts of infections without any knowledge of the potential for sensitivities or the development of resistant bacterial strains. There was no 911 emergency response system, no organ transplantation, no dialysis, no treatment for cancer. Humans were thought to have 48 chromosomes, and DNA had not yet been discovered. The concept of child abuse did not exist, but doubt was beginning to be cast on the syndrome of spontaneous subdural hematoma, which had been described in the literature (Caffey, 1946). Children with physical and mental disabilities were routinely excluded from school. If their disabilities were severe, they were institutionalized— permanently. Iron deficiency anemia and polio were among the top pediatric problems. (There was no iron-fortified infant formula and no polio vaccine.) Infectious diseases accounted for the majority Journal of Pediatric Psychology, Vol. 25, No. 3, 2000, pp. 161–169
Of parachutes and patient care: a call to action

Obstetric caregivers are plagued with lawsuits alleging negligence for suboptimal outcomes. Some of those claims are unjustified, but many have merit. We are obligated to create systems designed to minimize the potential for errors that harm our patients. A variety of safety initiatives have been shown to improve patient outcomes in several centers in the United States, but it has been difficult to document the expected association between those results and reduced liability premiums. Furthermore, some individuals and institutions have been reluctant to adopt safety tools such as electronic fetal monitoring certification for all staff working on their Labor and Delivery floor, protocols for managing common clinical scenarios, simulation drills for dealing with uncommon dangerous events, and pre-procedure checklists because of the paucity of evidence based data documenting the effectiveness of those approaches. It is time to move forward with these and other safety initiatives in a serious national attempt to eliminate all preventable adverse patient outcomes in our specialty.
Trends in US home food preparation and consumption: analysis of national nutrition surveys and time use studies from 1965–1966 to 2007–2008

It has been well-documented that Americans have shifted towards eating out more and cooking at home less. However, little is known about whether these trends have continued into the 21st century, and whether these trends are consistent amongst low-income individuals, who are increasingly the target of public health programs that promote home cooking. The objective of this study is to examine how patterns of home cooking and home food consumption have changed from 1965 to 2008 by socio-demographic groups. This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from 6 nationally representative US dietary surveys and 6 US time-use studies conducted between 1965 and 2008. Subjects are adults aged 19 to 60 years (n= 38,565 for dietary surveys and n=55,424 for time-use surveys). Weighted means of daily energy intake by food source, proportion who cooked, and time spent cooking were analyzed for trends from 1965–1966 to 2007–2008 by gender and income. T-tests were conducted to determine statistical differences over time. The percentage of daily energy consumed from home food sources and time spent in food preparation decreased significantly for all socioeconomic groups between 1965–1966 and 2007–2008 (p ≤ 0.001), with the largest declines occurring between 1965 and 1992. In 2007–2008, foods from the home supply accounted for 65 to 72% of total daily energy, with 54 to 57% reporting cooking activities. The low income group showed the greatest decline in the proportion cooking, but consumed more daily energy from home sources and spent more time cooking than high income individuals in 2007–2008 (p ≤ 0.001). US adults have decreased consumption of foods from the home supply and reduced time spent cooking since 1965, but this trend appears to have leveled off, with no substantial decrease occurring after the mid-1990’s. Across socioeconomic groups, people consume the majority of daily energy from the home food supply, yet only slightly more than half spend any time cooking on a given day. Efforts to boost the healthfulness of the US diet should focus on promoting the preparation of healthy foods at home while incorporating limits on time available for cooking.
Early American Theories of Federalism

While federalism is never without importance for the American citizen, it has taken on increased importance for the world at large in recent years. Numerous changes have been taking place during the past few years in the federal system of this country. At the same time the present state of world affairs has caused attention to be focused on federalism as a possible basis of world organization. It is therefore of especial interest to the present day student of government to know the general history of federal theory. The contributions of early American theorists constitute an important chapter of this history. The early history of the institutional developments of federal government on the North American Continent is already familiar to most American historians and political scientists. The general structures of the old British Empire and the other unions among the colonies, both actual and proposed, have been dealt with in standard works in the fields of American history and American government. However, the discussions of federalism which were contemporaneous with the various stages in the institutional developments have been little investigated. It is with these discussions therefore that this paper is primarily concerned.
Considerations on the optimal power stage segmentation algorithm for MHz integrated synchronous Buck DC-DC converters

For those MHz integrated synchronous Buck DC-DC converters (ISBC), a power stage segmentation technique might be applied for the sake of improving light load efficiency. The paper discusses the difference about efficiency in the case that losses contributions from Cds and Cgd in inactive power FET subcells are considered or not and indicates the existence of efficiency optimization's saturation effect in respect to the number of active power FET cells. After that, the paper presents the variation characteristics of power FET rdson using On-Semi SCN05 technology's eight manufacturing runs and temperature shift as two example cases. The variation of rdson implies that practical efficiency might deviate from an expected one, provided that the number of active power FET subcells is selected to be linearly proportional to the load current as that implemented in nowadays power FET width segmentation algorithms. Finally, the paper suggests a novel segmentation algorithm with automatic rdson compensation ability.
Towards a unified visual database access

Since the development of QBE, over fifty visual query languages have been proposed to facilitate easy database access. Although these languages have introduced some very useful paradigms, a number of these have some severe limitations, such as: (a) not extending beyond the relational model (b) not considering negation and safety, formally (c) using ad hoc constructs, with no analysis of expressivity or complexity done, etc. Note that visual database access is an important issue being revisted, with the emergence of different flavors of object-oriented databases. We believe that there is a need for developing a unified visual query language.Specifically, our goal is to develop a visual query language that has the following properties: (i) It has a few core constructs using which “expert-users” can define new (derived) constructs easily (ii) “Normal users” can use easily either the core or the derived constructs for database querying (iii) It can implement representative constructs of other (textual or visual) query language straightforwardly, and (iv) It has formal semantics, with its theoretical properties, such as complexity, analyzed.We believe that we make a first step towards the above goal by introducing a new logical construct called restricted universal quantifier and combining it with the hierarchical structure of windows to develop a Visual Query Language, called VQL. The core constructs of VQL can encode easily a number of representative constructs of different (about six visual and four non-visual) relational, nested and object-oriented query languages. We also study the theoretical aspects such as safety, complexity, etc., of VQL.
Adaptive management in transboundary protected areas: The Bialowieza National Park and Biosphere Reserve as a case study

Summary Transboundary protected areas (PAs) currently represent nearly 10% of the world’s network of PAs. The protection of their biological wealth poses special challenges because of the need for cooperation among sovereign states. Adaptive management strategies offer hope for a more accurate assessment of ecological conditions within PAs, and have the potential for furthering one of the major objectives of these PAs, namely enhancing environmental cooperation between countries across whose boundaries the protected area complex is situated. This paper examines the implications of adaptive management for transboundary PAs by using the Polish/Belarusian Bialowieza PAs as a case study. Managers of PAs have conventionally aimed at accurate predictions and short-term system equilibrium through ‘top-down’ policies of control and exclusion. In the case of PAs, these objectives have meant limiting use and employing models of linear growth. Adaptive management strategies rely instead on long-term experience, assessment of experimental interventions, and collection of greater amounts of information to assess future outcomes. They aim at the satisfaction of objectives that may include equilibrium changes. These features of adaptive management imply attention over time to the interactions between different key species, greater involvement of local populations in the collection of information about the resources, and experimenting with different levels of use to infer the most suitable protection strategies.
An ORFan No More: The Bacteriophage T4 39.2 Gene Product, NwgI, Modulates GroEL Chaperone Function

Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entities in our biosphere, characterized by their hyperplasticity, mosaic composition, and the many unknown functions (ORFans) encoded by their immense genetic repertoire. These genes are potentially maintained by the bacteriophage to allow efficient propagation on hosts encountered in nature. To test this hypothesis, we devised a selection to identify bacteriophage-encoded gene(s) that modulate the host Escherichia coli GroEL/GroES chaperone machine, which is essential for the folding of certain host and bacteriophage proteins. As a result, we identified the bacteriophage RB69 gene 39.2 , of previously unknown function and showed that homologs of 39.2 in bacteriophages T4, RB43, and RB49 similarly modulate GroEL/GroES. Production of wild-type bacteriophage T4 Gp39.2, a 58-amino-acid protein, (a) enables diverse bacteriophages to plaque on the otherwise nonpermissive groES or groEL mutant hosts in an allele-specific manner, (b) suppresses the temperature-sensitive phenotype of both groES and groEL mutants, (c) suppresses the defective UV-induced PolV function (UmuCD) of the groEL 44 mutant, and (d) is lethal to the host when overproduced. Finally, as proof of principle that Gp39.2 is essential for bacteriophage growth on certain bacterial hosts, we constructed a T4 39.2 deletion strain and showed that, unlike the isogenic wild-type parent, it is incapable of propagating on certain groEL mutant hosts. We propose a model of how Gp39.2 modulates GroES/GroEL function.
OEM's impact factor still rising.

OEM's Journal impact factor (IF) has been rising steadily since 2003 and the latest data released in June show that trend continuing. The Journal's IF for 2009 is 3.643. This is again the highest IF the Journal has ever achieved and it represents a near doubling over 6 years. OEM has also continued to advance within the group of about 120 journals covering public, environmental and occupational health: OEM is now 14th in the category and remains the only occupational health specialist journal in the top 20. The average number of times that papers in OEM are cited has also continued on the upward trend we reported last year.1 In 2009, the average paper in OEM was cited 48.5 times, more than three times the citation rate in 2003. Part of the increase in citations …
A simple microfluidic dispenser for single-microparticle and cell samples

Non-destructive isolation of single-cells has become an important need for many biology research laboratories; however, there is a lack of easily employed and inexpensive tools. Here, we present a single-particle sample delivery approach fabricated from simple, economical components that may address this need. In this, we employ unique flow and timing strategies to bridge the significant force and length scale differences inherent in transitioning from single particle isolation to delivery. Demonstrating this approach, we use an optical trap to isolate individual microparticles and red blood cells that are dispensed within separate 50 μl droplets off a microfluidic chip for collection into microscope slides or microtiter plates.
Bacterial responses to fluctuations and extremes in temperature and brine salinity at the surface of Arctic winter sea ice

Wintertime measurements near Barrow, Alaska, showed that bacteria near the surface of first-year sea ice and in overlying saline snow experience more extreme temperatures and salinities, and wider fluctuations in both parameters, than bacteria deeper in the ice. To examine impacts of such conditions on bacterial survival, two Arctic isolates with different environmental tolerances were subjected to winter-freezing conditions, with and without the presence of organic solutes involved in osmoprotection: proline, choline, or glycine betaine. Obligate psychrophile Colwellia psychrerythraea strain 34H suffered cell losses under all treatments, with maximal loss after 15-day exposure to temperatures fluctuating between -7 and -25 °C. Osmoprotectants significantly reduced the losses, implying that salinity rather than temperature extremes presents the greater stress for this organism. In contrast, psychrotolerant Psychrobacter sp. strain 7E underwent miniaturization and fragmentation under both fluctuating and stable-freezing conditions, with cell numbers increasing in most cases, implying a different survival strategy that may include enhanced dispersal. Thus, the composition and abundance of the bacterial community that survives in winter sea ice may depend on the extent to which overlying snow buffers against extreme temperature and salinity conditions and on the availability of solutes that mitigate osmotic shock, especially during melting.
Eastward Propagation of 30–60 Day Perturbations as Revealed from Outgoing Longwave Radiation Data

Abstract Some of the characteristic features of low-frequency oscillations were investigated by applying an extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) analysis to 30–60 day filtered outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data during the eight years of.1975–77 and 1979–83. The first two EEOF eigenvectors indicate a systematic eastward propagation of low-frequency modes between about 60°E and the date line (Indian Ocean–western Pacific), where they are most predominant. They weaken considerably by the time they reach the eastern Pacific east of the date line, and their phase propagation becomes ill-organized over the equatorial South America–Atlantic Ocean–Africa region. This appears to be due to an out-of-phase relationship between zonal (Fourier) wavenumbers 1 and 2 over the equatorial western hemisphere. In contrast, there exists a general in-phase relationship between these two Fourier components, and, thus, the consolidated perturbations of wavenumbers 1 and 2 become very pronounced with a distinct eastw...
DNA Damage Response Checkpoint Activation Drives KP1019 Dependent Pre-Anaphase Cell Cycle Delay in S. cerevisiae.

Careful regulation of the cell cycle is required for proper replication, cell division, and DNA repair. DNA damage–including that induced by many anticancer drugs–results in cell cycle delay or arrest, which can allow time for repair of DNA lesions. Although its molecular mechanism of action remains a matter of debate, the anticancer ruthenium complex KP1019 has been shown to bind DNA in biophysical assays and to damage DNA of colorectal and ovarian cancer cells in vitro. KP1019 has also been shown to induce mutations and induce cell cycle arrest in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting that budding yeast can serve as an appropriate model for characterizing the cellular response to the drug. Here we use a transcriptomic approach to verify that KP1019 induces the DNA damage response (DDR) and find that KP1019 dependent expression of HUG1 requires the Dun1 checkpoint; both consistent with KP1019 DDR in budding yeast. We observe a robust KP1019 dependent delay in cell cycle progression as measured by increase in large budded cells, 2C DNA content, and accumulation of Pds1 which functions to inhibit anaphase. Importantly, we also find that deletion of RAD9, a gene required for the DDR, blocks drug-dependent changes in cell cycle progression, thereby establishing a causal link between the DDR and phenotypes induced by KP1019. Interestingly, yeast treated with KP1019 not only delay in G2/M, but also exhibit abnormal nuclear position, wherein the nucleus spans the bud neck. This morphology correlates with short, misaligned spindles and is dependent on the dynein heavy chain gene DYN1. We find that KP1019 creates an environment where cells respond to DNA damage through nuclear (transcriptional changes) and cytoplasmic (motor protein activity) events.
Nylon 66/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) reinforced composites : 2 Bulk mechanical properties and moisture effects

The effect of interphase microstructure on the bulk mechanical properties and moisture absorption of Nylon 66 reinforced with E-glass or high-modulus (AS4) carbon fibers was examined. These particular composite systems were chosen because of their propensity to form distinct transcrystalline interphases. A comparison of mechanical properties was made by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Minimat off-axis tensile testing of samples with and without this unique interphase. Moreover, a newly developed vibrational testing technique was used and correlated with DMA to ascertain changes in the damping characteristics of the composites. The major contribution of this work is the systematic translation of single-filament (microscopic) results to bulk composite mechanical property results in the same well-characterized system. This was accomplished by studying both glass- and carbon-fiber/Nylon 66 composites. The E-glass- and carbon-fiber-reinforced Nylon 66 composites have better ultimate properties when the transcrystalline interphase is absent, but the composites have better damping properties when transcrystallinity is present. Finally, upon moisture exposure, suppression of the glass transition temperature was evident, as the water served as a plasticizer in all composites. The presence of transcrystallinity did not alter the adsorption kinetics of the composites.
Research, Development and Demonstration in Municipal Wastewater Sludge Treatment, Use and Disposal: Planning and Programs

If requests were made of a university professor, research directors of a manufacturing firm and of a civil engineering firm and a representative of EPA to prepare research programs for sludge treatment, use and disposal and then designate high priority projects, there is not much likelihood that the programs would look the same. We have a common appreciation of the incomplete and needed work in this research area, but our different points of view would have us producing entirely different products. Critically important also in making these plans are the time frame and the available resources.
Simultaneous bilateral determinations of cerebral blood flow and arterial-cerebral venous oxygen and glucose differences.

Summary1. The values for cerebral blood flows, arterial-cerebral venous oxygen and glucose differences were not significantly different on the two sides in 18 simultaneous bilateral observations in 12 subjects. 2. Three subjects with unilateral cerebral disease also had similar values on the two sides. 3. The assumption that blood obtained from one internal jugular bulb is representative of mixed cerebral venous blood appears to be correct.
EARLY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL ATROPINE USE IN DOBUTAMINE STRESS TESTING: A META ANALYSIS

Atropine is widely used in dobutamine stress testing (DST) to increase heart rate and improve diagnostic yield. Several studies have compared conventional (after achieving dobutamine dose of 30 mcg/kg/min) versus early use of atropine during DST, the results are mixed. A systematic review of the
Spatial Orientation with a Prominent Hallway Landmark

The design of 3-D perspective interfaces can be facilitated by using virtual room displays for spatially organizing information inside of rooms, but additional design methods are needed to enhance between-room spatial knowledge. To evaluate its potential as a design enhancement, a prominent landmark in the hallway between the rooms was compared with a no landmark condition. Participants navigated a shopping center via hallways on a desktop virtual environment. Pointing and sketch map data were obtained as measures of configural (or survey) spatial knowledge for objects in the same store or in different stores. A robust “room effect” was found. Spatial knowledge was better for objects in the same store than for objects in different stores. However, the landmark had little or no effect on between-store spatial knowledge. These results suggest that landmarks may not be effective at enhancing the design of 3-D human-computer interfaces.
Thermoresponsive Micelles from Double LCST-Poly(3-methyl-N-vinylcaprolactam) Block Copolymers for Cancer Therapy

We present synthesis and assembly of novel thermoresponsive block copolymers with double LCST precisely controlled within the physiological temperature range. Two separate phase transition temperatures were achieved by RAFT polymerization of structurally similar monomers with varied hydrophobicity. The LCST1 was varied from 19 to 27 °C by copolymerization of N-vinylcaprolactam with a novel hydrophobic monomer, 3-methyl-N-vinylcaprolactam, while the LCST2 at 41–42 °C was attained by copolymerization of N-vinylcaprolactam with hydrophilic N-vinylpyrrolidone. The LCST1 facilitates micelle formation and entrapment of anticancer drug doxorubicin or hydrophobic dye Nile Red into the micelle core surrounded with hydrophilic yet temperature-sensitive corona. The LCST2 induces collapse of the micelle corona and the consequent drug release. The second elevated temperature is typical for tumors and can trigger the drug-loaded micelle aggregation/accumulation within the tumor resulting in the enhanced passive targeting.
Signal to Noise Improvement in PET Using BGO

Improvement in resolution in nuclear medicine has generally been at a cost in system sensitivity, due to requirements of collimator design. In PET, the collimator is eliminated and resolution is limited, primarily, by properties of the detector. The high energy of annihilation photons cause difficulty in localizing events in narrow detectors. The primary problem is scatter of photons from primary to neighboring detectors. This may lead to, rejection of events, if two detectors register the photon, or misplacement of events if only secondary detectors register events. It is possible to compensate for lower intrinsic detection efficiency by using deeper detectors. But, it is not possible to use wider detectors and still obtain high resolution. BGO provides a remedy for these difficulties because of its very high fraction of photoelectric absorption in interacting with 511 keV photons and its high physical density. The probability that first interactions with BGO detectors will be photoelectric is three times that of such detectors as NaI(TI), BaF2 and CsF (ca. 42% of the first interaction).
The μῦθος of Pernicious Rhetoric:The Platonic Possibilities of λογόςin Aristotle’s Rhetoric

This essay argues that Plato9s use of narrative conceals within Socrates9 explicit rejection of rhetoric an implicit authorial endorsement, manifested in the dialectical and rhetorical failures surrounding Socrates9 deliberations over logos . I suggest that Aristotle9s Rhetoric is consonant with Plato9s view in its general affirmation of rhetoric9s power, utility, and necessity as well as in its specific recommendations regarding logos . I employ Martin Heidegger9s explication of logos in Aristotle to illuminate how the term conforms to Plato9s implicit position regarding logos and rhetoric. This interpretation entails an expanded meaning of logos as it is found in Rhetoric , assigning it a more primary, pre-logical, oral content.
Lingual Abscess in the Setting of Recent Periodontal Antibiotic Injections.

Abstract Background Lingual abscess is a rare clinical entity, with posterior involvement being much less common than anterior involvement. Typical inciting events include trauma or direct inoculation to the area. The clinical diagnosis can be difficult, and early imaging and specialist consultation should be pursued to make a definitive diagnosis and to prevent patient deterioration. Case Report We present a case of posterior lingual abscess in a 62-year-old man after he received antibiotic injections to the lower molars for periodontal disease. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Lingual abscess is a rare condition that is difficult to diagnose clinically. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis can lead to acute airway compromise and increased morbidity.
Lymphocytic hypophysitis in the elderly: A case presentation and review of the literature

Abstract Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LH), an autoimmune mediated chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland, is uncommon in the elderly population greater than 70 years old. It most commonly occurs in peripartum women and classically presents with mass-effect symptoms, hyperprolactinemia, or with symptoms of adenohypophysial or neurohypophysial involvement. We report a case of an elderly female who presented with headaches, visual defects, panhypopituitarism, and a sellar mass thought to be a non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma. On surgical pathology the diagnosis of LH was made. In a comprehensive literature search, we have found only sixteen cases of LH in the elderly. A comparison of the clinical differences between the pediatric, adult, and elderly populations with LH revealed notable differences between the clinical presentations and hormonal deficiencies present in the pediatric versus the adult and elderly populations. A much larger portion of adults and the elderly present with headache and visual disturbances, while a majority of the pediatric population presents with diabetes insipidus and growth hormone deficiency. Adults and elderly with LH have a much higher association with autoimmune disease than children. There was no gender predilection found in the elderly population, which is a notable difference from the adult population in which female cases of LH are much more common.
Currents from squid giant axons clamped with their action potentials

The Hodgkin-Huxley equations1 have been used extensively to derive currents through membranes of squid giant axon. The Hodgkin-Huxley model postulates two independent ensembles of molecular channels which become accessible to K+ and Na+ ion currents respectively when they change from a closed to an open configuration. The membrane conductance is directly proportional to the number of “open” channels in each ensemble. With this arrangement, the current-voltage relationship is ohmic although the membrane conductance increases as the number of open channels increases. The rate constants for the closed-open kinetics are functions of the transmembrane potential.
Virtualizing the Network Services: Network Function Virtualization

Network function virtualization (NFV) is rapidly emerging as the de facto approach operators will use to deploy their networks. NFV leverages on cloud computing principles to change the way NFs like gateways and middleboxes are offered. As opposed to today’s tightly coupling between the NF software and dedicated hardware, NFV concept requires the virtualization of NFs allowing them to run on generalized hardware.
Robust control of DC-DC boost converters for solar systems

It is very challenging to control a DC-DC boost converter, due to its non-minimum phase phenomenon, model uncertainties (e.g., the parasitics), and external disturbances (e.g., input voltage change or load change). In this paper, a uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE)-based current-mode control (CMC) is proposed to address these problems. A new voltage dynamics is developed to avoid the non-minimum phase phenomenon. Then the UDE algorithm is adopted for both voltage-loop control design and current-loop control design to deal with model uncertainties, external disturbances, and the inductor current estimation error. Furthermore, a new control framework based on this UDE-based CMC is proposed for the grid integration of solar systems with voltage protection. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed strategies.