cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti-Lu4: a new antibody related to the Lutheran blood group system.

. A new antibody, named anti-Lu4, has been discovered, that reacts with a high frequency red cell antigen. The antibody does not react with dominant or recessive Lu(a-b-) red cells or with the red cells of the propositus and two of her five siblings. Because the propositus and her sibs are all Lu(a-b+), anti-Lu4 cannot be the same as anti-LuaLub. Attempts to identify a low frequency allele to Lu4 were unsuccessful. The results suggest that Lua, Lub and Lu4 have a common precursor.
The tensile deformation behavior of AA 3004 aluminum alloy

AA 3004 aluminum alloy for can body stock exhibits interesting serrated flow in the stress-strain curves at room temperature. The serrated-flow phenomena are associated with dy-namic strain aging and yield a negative strain-rate dependence of the flow stress. The occurrence of the serrated flow resulting from a negative dependence of the flow stress is well known to limit the formability of many alloys. In order to obtain an in-depth understanding of the serrated flow of the alloy, the characteristics of the serrations were examined as well as the dependence of flow stress on the strain rate and deformation temperature. A description of the effect of deformation temperature and strain-rate sensitivity on the mechanical behavior is discussed.
Fabrication and Characterization of Liquid and Gaseous Micro- and Nanojets

This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of liquid and gaseous jets ejected from microfabricated nozzles with dimensions ranging from 500 nm to 12 μm. Unlike previous work reporting the fabrication of nano-orifices defined within the thickness of the substrates [1-4], the in-plane nanonozzles presented in this paper are designed to sustain the high pressures necessary to obtain substantial nanofluidic jet flows. This approach also allows important three-dimensional features of nozzle, channel and fluidic reservoir to be defined by design and not by fabrication constraints, thereby meeting important fluid-mechanical criteria such as a fully-developed flow. The shrinking jet dimensions demand new metrology tools to investigate their flow behavior. A laser shadowgraphy technique is used to visualize and image the jet flows. Micromachined heated and piezoresistive cantilevers are used to investigate the thrust and heat flux characteristics of the jets.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Dystrophin-Associated Protein Scaffolding in Brain Requires α-Dystrobrevin

Dystrophin and the alpha-dystrobrevins bind directly to the adapter protein syntrophin to form membrane-associated scaffolds. At the blood-brain barrier, alpha-syntrophin colocalizes with dystrophin and the alpha-dystrobrevins in perivascular glial endfeet and is required for localization of the water channel aquaporin-4. Earlier we have shown that localization of the scaffolding proteins gamma2-syntrophin, alpha-dystrobrevin-2, and dystrophin to glial endfeet is also dependent on the presence of alpha-syntrophin. In this study, we show that the expression levels of alpha-syntrophin, gamma2-syntrophin, and dystrophin at the blood-brain barrier are reduced in alpha-dystrobrevin-null mice. This is the first demonstration in which assembly of an astroglial protein scaffold containing syntrophin and dystrophin in perivascular astrocytes is dependent on the presence of alpha-dystrobrevin.
Differentiating Single and Multiple Victim Child Sexual Abuse Cases: A Research Note Considering Social Disorganization Theory

This study examined the utility of social disorganization theory as an explanation for child sexual abuse with a focus on differentiating single and multiple victim cases. Drawing on 1,172 child sexual abuse cases (including 159 cases with multiple victims) in Orange County, Florida, from 2004 to 2006, the present study considered case characteristics and elements of social disorganization as potential predictors of child sexual abuse cases involving single and multiple victims. We found that social disorganization theory does not successfully predict the locations of multiple victim child sexual abuse incidents and is not useful for distinguishing between child sexual abuse incidents with single or multiple victims.
Big black hole, little neutron star: Magnetic dipole fields in the Rindler spacetime

As a black hole and neutron star approach during inspiral, the field lines of a magnetized neutron star eventually thread the black hole event horizon and a short-lived electromagnetic circuit is established. The black hole acts as a battery that provides power to the circuit, thereby lighting up the pair just before merger. Although originally suggested as an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational-wave detection, a black hole battery is of more general interest as a novel luminous astrophysical source. To aid in the theoretical understanding, we present analytic solutions for the electromagnetic fields of a magnetic dipole in the presence of an event horizon. In the limit that the neutron star is very close to a Schwarzschild horizon, the Rindler limit, we can solve Maxwell’s equations exactly for a magnetic dipole on an arbitrary worldline. We present these solutions here and investigate a proxy for a small segment of the neutron star orbit around a big black hole. We find that the voltage the black hole battery can provide is in the range ∼10^16 statvolts with a projected luminosity of 10^42 ergs/s for an M=10M_⊙ black hole, a neutron star with a B-field of 10^12 G, and an orbital velocity ∼0.5c at a distance of 3M from the horizon. Larger black holes provide less power for binary separations at a fixed number of gravitational radii. The black hole/neutron star system therefore has a significant power supply to light up various elements in the circuit possibly powering bursts, jets, beamed radiation, or even a hot spot on the neutron star crust.
Hydroxyl ion permeability of lipid bilayer membranes

Abstract The OH− permeability of lipid bilayer (egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol) membranes was estimated from ionic transference numbers and membrane conductances at high pH. Membranes are slightly cation (Na+) selective over the pH range of 6–10. However, at pH > 11, Na+ and Cl− conductances decrease and OH− conductance increases so that the membrane becomes highly selective to OH−. From the OH− conductance we estimate the OH− permeability coefficient to be 1.8 · 10−9 cm · s−1. The OH− selectivity of lipid bilayers may contribute to the observed H+/OH− selectivity of some biological membrane at high pH.
Studies on the distribution and properties of the multiple forms of mammalian lipoamide dehydrogenase.

Abstract Lipoamide dehydrogenase (NAD + ·NADH:lipoamide oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.3) was obtained from pig heart muscle by three different isolation procedures and subjected to electrofocusing and analytical acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five or six enzymically active anodal species are resolved by these techniques. Three higher mobility species are obtained from lipoamide dehydrogenase derived from pyruvate dehydrogenase complex having isoelectric points of between pH 5.6 and 6.0, while three slower mobility species obtained from α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase-derived lipoamide dehydrogenase have isoelectric points of between pH 6.5 and 6.8. These multiple species are invariant throughout these isolation procedures. They are identified as charge isomers with similar molecular weights and amino acid composition. Evidence is presented that these multiple species are not solely the result of alteration of lipoamide dehydrogenase by the proteolytic enzymes of pig heart.
Premeromyosin — An initial product of trypsin proteolysis in isolated myofibrils

Abstract A previously unrecognized polypeptide was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis upon trypsin proteolysis of glycerated rabbit myofibrils under mild conditions, i.e., protein to enzyme ratio of 2000:1 at 0–2° for 1–20 minutes. This proteolytic product, premeromyosin, is generated at a rate approximately equal to the cleavage of the myosin heavy chain, and occurs before appreciable formation of heavy and light meromyosins. The molecular weight of the premeromyosin heavy chain is estimated to be between 195,000 and 200,000.
Terror Medicine as Part of the Medical School Curriculum

Terror medicine, a field related to emergency and disaster medicine, focuses on medical issues ranging from preparedness to psychological manifestations specifically associated with terrorist attacks. Calls to teach aspects of the subject in American medical schools surged after the 2001 jetliner and anthrax attacks. Although the threat of terrorism persists, terror medicine is still addressed erratically if at all in most medical schools. This paper suggests a template for incorporating the subject throughout a 4-year medical curriculum. The instructional framework culminates in a short course for fourth year students, such as one recently introduced at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ. The proposed 4-year Rutgers curriculum serves as a model that could assist other medical schools contemplating the inclusion of terror medicine in pre-clerkship and clerkship training.
Hydrogen induced ductility losses in austenitic stainless steel welds

The effect of hydrogen on the tensile behavior of austenitic stainless steel welds was studied in two AISI 300 series alloys and two nitrogen strengthened alloys. The microstructure of these welds typically contained several percent ferrite in an austenite matrix. Hydrogen was found to reduce the ductility of all welds; however, the severity of ductility loss increased with increasing tendency to deform via a planar slip mode. In materials exhibiting large degrees of slip planarity, 304L and 308L, hydrogen changed the fracture mode from dimple rupture to a mixed mode of ductile and brittle fracture associated with the austenite-ferrite interface. The two alloys, 22-13-5 and 309S, which tend to deform by cross slip mechanisms, showed smaller losses in ductility even though hydrogen assisted the ductile rupture process by aiding void growth and coalescence, without changing the fracture mode. Varying the amount of ferrite from approximately one to 10 pct had no significant effect on performance in hydrogen.
Necessary conditions for optimality of singular controls

The present paper is concerned with the study of controls which are singular in the sense of the maximum principle. We obtain necessary conditions for optimality of singular controls in systems governed by ordinary differential equations. A useful feature of the method considered here is that it can be applied to optimal control problems with distributed parameters.
The ketotic ratio (KB/NEFA) in man.

SUMMARY 1. The ‘ketotic ratio’, which is defined as the plasma ketone-body concentration divided by the plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration, is potentially useful in predicting the magnitude of the ketone response to a given increment in plasma fatty acid concentration. 2. Two parameters of the ketotic ratio were studied. First, a comparison of the basal plasma ketotic ratio with the ketotic ratio following an acute heparin-induced increase in nonesterified fatty acid concentration was made. Second, the effect upon the ketotic ratio of noradrenaline which has been reported to increase the plasma ketone-body concentration independent of the change in plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration, was determined. 3. The results suggest that the basal ketotic ratio has predictive value in estimating the rise in plasma ketone-body concentration following an acute increase in plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration. When noradrenaline was given to increase plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration, this predictive value was still valid, although a steeper regression line was obtained. Thus, the ketotic ratio is a non-invasive in vivo technique which provides insight into the direct ketotic activity of hormones independent of their lipolytic effects.
Oil Source Fingerprinting in Heavily Weathered Residues and Coastal Marsh Samples

ABSTRACT Oil source fingerprinting uses capillary column GC/MS analyses of a source oil and environmental oil samples to try and match the chemical composition of key indicator compounds in both sa...
Quantal density functional theory of excited states: Application to an exactly solvable model

The quantal density functional theory (Q-DFT) of excited states is the description of the physics of the mapping from any bound nondegenerate excited state of Schrodinger theory to that of the s-system of noninteracting Fermions with equivalent density ρk(r), energy Ek, and ionization potential Ik. The s-system may either be in an excited state with the same configuration as in Schrodinger theory or in a ground state with a consequently different configuration. The Q-DFT description of the s-system is in terms of a conservative field ℱk(r), whose electron-interaction ℰee(r) and correlation-kinetic (r) components are separately representative of electron correlations due to the Pauli exclusion principle and Coulomb repulsion, and correlation-kinetic effects, respectively. The sources of these fields are expectations of Hermitian operators taken with respect to the system wavefunction. The local electron-interaction potential vee(r) of the s-system, representative of all the many-body correlations, is the work done to move an electron in the force of the field ℱk(r). The electron interaction Eee and correlation-kinetic Tc components of the total energy Ek may be expressed in integral virial form in terms of their respective fields. The difference between the s-system in its ground or excited state representation is due entirely to correlation-kinetic effects. The highest occupied eigenvalue of the s-system differential equation in either case is minus the ionization potential Ik. In this work we demonstrate the transformation of an excited state of Schrodinger theory, as represented by the first excited singlet state of the exactly solvable Hooke's atom, to that of noninteracting Fermions in their ground state with equivalent excited state density, energy, and ionization potential. To further prove the Fermions are in a ground state, we solve the corresponding singlet s-system differential equation numerically for the vee(r) determined, and obtain the excited state density from the zero node orbitals generated. The resulting total energy is also the same. In addition, the single eigenvalue determined corresponds to minus the ionization potential of the excited state. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Variability in adaptive response to low dose radiation in human blood lymphocytes: consistent results from chromosome aberrations and micronuclei

The frequencies of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei were evaluated to assess the induction of adaptive response to low dose ionizing radiation in each of the blood samples collected from eight different individuals. Following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, the cells were exposed to an adaptive dose of 1 cGy X-radiation at 24 hours and a challenge dose of 150 cGy gamma radiation at 48 hours. Lymphocytes were fixed at 54 hours to examine the incidence of chromosome aberrations and at 72 hours to examine the frequency of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells. Lymphocytes from five donors, i.e., "responders", exhibited the induction of adaptive response; their lymphocytes, which were pre-treated with 1 cGy had significantly fewer chromosome aberrations and micronuclei induced by the challenge dose of 150 cGy gamma radiation, as compared to the cells which did not receive the pre-treatment with 1 cGy. Such an induction of adaptive response was not observed in the remaining three donors, i.e., "non-responders"; the incidence of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei induced by the challenge dose of 150 cGy was not significantly different between the cells which were pre-exposed and un-exposed to 1 cGy. In all eight individuals, there was a strong positive correlation between the incidence of chromosome aberrations and micronuclei. Hence, whether or not an individual is a 'responder' or 'non-responder' could be assessed using either chromosome aberrations or micronuclei as the end-point. The overall pattern of response confirms the heterogeneity in adaptive response between individuals to ionizing radiation, which may in part be genetically controlled. Because of the simplicity of the technique and rapid assessment of the binucleated cells, we suggest the use of the micronucleus test as an alternative procedure in large scale population studies related to the adaptive response.
On the Statistical Estimation of Isoquants and Their Role in Livestock Production Decisions

Animal production experiments permit limited control of experimental factors because the animals themselves partially determine total feed consumption per unit of time. Within practical limits, the variables that economists would like to have as controlled factors in the experiment are not subject to direct control, but instead, are controlled indirectly by other closely related variables. The problems involved are illustrated by a recent article of Sonka, Heady, and Dahm. In a swinefeeding experiment, percentage of protein in the ration was the only design variable, but economists would have liked to see corn and protein supplement as the controlled factors since they are the direct inputs for which there exist price quotations. Of course, other variables besides percentage of protein can be thought of as the single controlled factor; either percentage of the ration by weight which is corn or a standardized protein supplement would serve equally well. The important point to be recognized is that the controlled factors are different than the direct feed inputs and one less in number because the animals themselves control total feed consumption per unit time. In the swinefeeding experiment analyzed in Sonka, Heady, and Dahm, percentage of protein is the single factor instead of the pair of variables, corn and protein supplement consumption. Data from the swine-feeding experiment can be analyzed in two basic ways: (a) weight gain, corn consumption, and protein supplement consumption per unit of time are treated as multivariate responses to the single controlled factor, namely, percentage of protein in the ration; and (b) weight gain is divided into discrete intervals, and for each of these intervals, corn consumption, protein supplement consumption, and time required to achieve a specific gain are treated as multivariate responses to the single experimental factor. Following (Sonka, Heady, Dahm), we consider only the latter type of analysis which simplifies statistical estimation problems. Adopting most of the notation in Sonka, Heady, and Dahm, there are three equations of possible economic interest to be estimated from the experimental data:
The contribution of glucose to neonatal glucose homeostasis in the lamb

Abstract A multiplicity of substrates and hormones interact to influence neonatal glucose homeostasis. Based on prior studies in our laboratory, we hypothesized that glucose alone does not tightly control neonatal glucose homeostasis. Fifteen spontaneously delivered, mixed-breed term lambs, weighing 4.7 ± 0.9 kg (mean ± SD) were studied at 4.7 ± 0.6 days after birth following administration of 100 μCi d[6,6- 3 H 2 ] glucose in 0.9% NaCl by the prime plus constant fusion technique to measure glucose production. After a baseline period, five lambs received 8.5 mg · kg −1 · min −1 glucose in combination with the following to isolate the contribution of glucose: somatostatin to block insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone release; metyrapone to block cortisol release; phentolamine to block α-adrenergic release; and propranolol to block β-adrenergic release (glucose + blockade). Five lambs received the above without the glucose infusion (blockade). Five lams continued to receive 0.9% NaCl alone as the diluent for the isotopic tracer throughout the study (control). The glucose + blockade group had a significant increase in plasma glucose ( P P
Reading Knowledge and Reading Comprehension of Fourth-Grade Children:

Summary.-The relationships between specific components of reading knowledge and reading comprehension were examined for 22 children (aged 10 yr.). A statistically significant relationship was observed between a composite of knowledge variables and comprehension; however, the relationship was no longer statistically significant when intelligence was controlled. Controlling the effect of intelligence may minimize the relationship between reading knowledge and comprehension. The study involved a preliminary examination of the relationship between knowledge about reading and reading comprehension. Such knowledge has been subsumed under the rubric of mefacognition (Flavell, 1976) and is grade-related in that such knowledge may be acquired as a result of reading instruction and experience (Myers & Paris, 1978). Determining which aspects of reading knowledge account for the variance in comprehension was the major focus of the present study. Sets of interview questions were employed to assess knowledge of personal ability to read, the semantic utility of paragraph structure, differences in verbatim versus gist recall, locating important words in skimming passages, identifying the importance of prwiewing/reviewing passages, and an estimate of time spent in extracurricular reading at home. Sets of questions of the Myers and Paris (1978) study were employed to assess knowledge of paragraph structure, skimming, and the relative ease of verbatim versus gist recall. Other questions were written by the author. All questions are available upon request. The interview was approximately 20 min. in duration; 22 children, aged 10 yr., were individually interviewed. Children's responses were coded by utilizing a scale of 0 to 3: 3: responses which clearly indicated the importance of meanin,& 2: vague responses which indicated limited knowledge, 1: any vague response which reflected some knowledge of importance that was unrelated to meaning, and 0: irrelevant and "I don't know" responses. Exceptions to the scale of 0 to 3 included a scale of 0 to 1 for coding yes/no responses (paragraph structure) and a scale of 0 to 2 for coding responses to the initial forced-choice reall question and the preview/rwiew questions. Raw scores were pooled for all questions within each set. Multiple regression analysis was employed with grade-equivalent comprehension score (Iowa Test of Basic Skills) as the dependent variable. Two raters, the author and an assistant, rated following a training procedure in which each rating was described, and possible responses were indicated with an explanation as to why specific responses reflect or fail to reflect knowledge of the importance of meaning. Interrater reliability (Pearson coefficient) for the pooled sets ranged from .77 to .93 (M = .88). Initial analysis indicated that the best composite of independent variables included recall and skimming knowledge, in addition to time estimate, R2 = 48 8%. Pearson
Critical Issues in Periodontal Research

The purpose of this paper is to highlight briefly the major achievements and the remaining critical issues in the areas of epidemiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Periodontitis affects a relatively small proportion of study populations in the United States and other countries. Prevalence may be decreasing, but that remains to be seen. The identity and characteristics of susceptible individuals and groups are not known, and risk indicators for severe disease are only beginning to be identified. A very large number of different microbial species has been implicated in the etiology. It seems unlikely that all of these are essential participants. Essential participants need to be identified and better characterized. Whether putative pathogens are members of the commensal flora or exogenous species that must be transmitted is unclear. The relationship between the presence of a pathogenic flora and disease status is obscure. Pathogenic bacterial species are essential, but insufficient to cause disease. A susceptible host and local environmental factors--for example, elevated iron concentration--may be necessary for disease to occur. Many clonal types may not be virulent, and numbers greater than certain threshold levels appear to be necessary. The pathways by which bone and connective tissues of the periodontium are destroyed are sufficiently understood to permit development of therapies aimed at their modification. Examples are the use of vaccines, topical application of anti-inflammatory drugs, and use of chemically modified tetracyclines.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PROMOTION OF ELONGATION OF FERN PROTONEMATA BY LIGHT AND GROWTH SUBSTANCES

developed as filaments (protonemata). Brief daily exposure of the filaments to red, far-red or blue light increased the rate of filament elongation. Filament elongation was also promoted by indoleacetic acid. When filament elongation was promoted with both indoleacetic acid and exposure to light, the growth promotions caused by red and far-red light were additive to auxin-induced growth. Blue light promoted elongation only at sub-optimal concentrations of auxin. Elongation induced by guanine was additive to red- and far-red-induced elongation. Gibberellic acid had no effect on elongation under any condition. Blue-light-induced elongation resembled auxin-induced elongation in its requirement for exogenous sucrose and sensitivity to inhibition by parachlorophenoxyisobutyric acid. Red and far-red light were active regardless of the presence or absence of sucrose and promoted elongation at a concentration of parachlorophenoxyisobutyric acid which completely inhibited blue-light-induced elongation. IN SEVERAL previous papers we descr-ibed the effects of visible light and certain chemicals on the development of the gametophyte of Onoclea sensibilis L. Some of the most interesting observations were made on spores which were allowed to develop in darkness. Under this condition thle gametophyte of 0. sensibilis, in common with that of many other species, grew as a single filament of very few, greatly elongated cells. If such filaments were
Synaptic vesicles isolated from rat heart: l-[3H]norepinephrine uptake properties.

— A fraction containing synaptic vesicles was isolated from rat heart by differential centrifugation, and the uptake of l-[3H]norepinephrine was studied in vitro., Uptake was highly dependent upon time and temperature, and was linear for 6 min at 30° or 4 min at 37°C. About 80% of the measured uptake required both ATP and Mg2+ and was inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of reserpine; no inhibition was obtained with cocaine. These properties are characteristic of storage vesicle uptake as opposed to synaptic membrane uptake. Uptake of norepinephrine was saturable and displayed a single Km value of 2 μM. The uptake was completely stereospecific, as unlabeled dl-norepinephrine was less than half as effective as unlabeled l-norepinephrine in reducing uptake of l-[3H]norepinephrine. Norepinephrine uptake could be inhibited by various phenethylamines and indoleamines following the rank order: reserpine > harmaline > 5-hydroxytryptamine > dopamine > norepinephrine. The vesicle preparation also incorporated [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine and [3H]dopamine. 5-Hydroxytryptamine uptake displayed a Km of 0.5 μM and a maximal uptake equivalent to that seen with norepineph-rine; dopamine uptake followed complex kinetics. Administration of reserpine in vivo or destruction of sympathetic neurons by long-term guanethidine treatment both eliminated the ability of the preparation to take up norepinephrine. Synaptic vesicles of cardiac sympathetic neurons thus resemble vesicles prepared from other central and peripheral catecholaminergic tissues; this method may be used readily to examine drug effects on rat heart synaptic vesicle function.
Microelectronic fabrication: An examination of the ever growing struggle to get smaller

An overview of integrated circuit fabrication basics is given. Materials for integrated circuits are discussed, and device structures and fabrication processes are examined. The growth in fabrication complexity is illustrated by comparing the classic junction-isolated bipolar technology with that of a state-of-the-art oxide isolated bipolar device. The basic processing steps are described. Advanced structures are briefly considered.
Optimal Control of Laminated Plate with Piezoelectric Sensor and Actuator Layers

A closed-form solution for the optimal control of vibrations of a simply supported symmetric thin laminated plate integrated with piezoelectric layers is obtained. The piezoelectric layers act as the distributed sensors and actuators. The method of designing the optimal steady-state regulator with output feedback is employed. Responses for various design parameters are illustrated. The results may be useful for the purpose of comparing the numerical models and experimental results.
Controlling the Growth of ``Ionic'' Nanoparticle Supracrystals

Dimensions and quality of supracrystals self-assembling from oppositely charged nanoparticles (NPs) can be controlled by changing the relative nanoparticle concentrations, NP polydispersity, and pH. In particular, excess nanoparticles of either polarity terminate the self-assembly process at desired stages by forming charged, stabilizing shells around the growing aggregates. In this way, average supracrystal sizes can be varied from several micrometers down to tens of nanometers. While larger crystals precipitate from the growing solution, those smaller than ca. 400 nm are soluble. The experimentally observed threshold size for solubility agrees with arguments based on the DLVO theory.
Cigarette smoking and personality.

Abstract Many attempts have been made to discover the ‘smoking personality’. In general, these attempts at best have involved controlling for the major demographic variables, e.g. age, sex and socioeconomic status. However, the resulting groups still must reflect wide individual differences, and no clearcut relationship between smoking and personality can emerge under these conditions. To test this logically derived conclusion, the Western Electric data were subjected to a number of analyses, each based upon a different mode of analysis and a different way of interpreting the data (ANOVA, factor analysis, and X2; and MMPI t-scores, high point scales, and clinical signs). On the broadcast level—an ANOVA where the variables of classification were age, educational level, defensiveness and smoking level—the MMPI scales are typically associated with smoking. However, the complexity of the ANOVA precludes a simple interpretation of the data. When more homogeneous subgroups are examined, the differences among the subgroups vary from comparison to comparison, and the results do not support the hypothesis that there is a definite personality pattern associated with smoking. Moreover, a factor analysis of the basic data, too, fails to confirm the existence of a smoking personality. These findings suggest that meaningful research will require a classification system—and the establishment of non-smoking control groups—that goes well beyond the use of major demographic variables. Unfortunately, the exact nature and the dimensions of such a system remain to be established. In the interim, both personality theorists and those who seek to modify smoking habits may find it helpful to focus upon the stimulus conditions, external and internal, that are associated with smoking, especially as these relate to sociabilitydepression and tension release.
The distribution of bomb-produced tritium and radiocarbon at GEOSECS station 347 in the eastern North Pacific

Following Roether et al. [1] an upwelling model has been tested to explain the distribution of bomb-produced tritium at the GEOSECS I test station off Baja, California. We have extended their treatment to include the time histories for tritium and for bomb radiocarbon now available for this station. If the CO2 gas exchange rate at this station is similar to the ocean average value of 20 moles/m2 yr, then the upwelling rate must be quite small (<3 m/yr). However, a satisfactory match to the time histories of14C and of3H is achieved only if an upwelling rate of 40 m/yr is used. In this case, however, a CO2 exchange rate of 70 moles/m2 yr would be required to match the observed surface water14C/C ratios and a tritium input 4 times the expected value would be needed. The inconsistency in the bomb14C time history obtained using the accepted CO2 exchange rate is likely the result of horizontal effects which void the validity of one dimensional modeling in this region of the ocean.
Computerized Tomography Findings in Pediatric Renal Trauma—Indications for Early Intervention?

Purpose: We sought to determine if initial computerized tomography findings in pediatric patients suffering blunt renal trauma with urinary extravasation were predictive of the need for operative intervention.Materials and Methods: A total of 17 patients with grade IV blunt renal trauma and urinary extravasation were identified between 2000 and 2007. Each computerized tomogram was reviewed to determine location, size and number of sites of extravasation, as well as the presence of contrast material in the ipsilateral ureter. These findings were compared with subsequent ureteral stent placement, percutaneous urinoma drainage, angiographic embolization and nephrectomy.Results: A total of 13 male and 4 female patients (mean age 11.1 years) were identified. Eight patients (47%) required delayed intervention. Conservative treatment was unsuccessful in patients with absence of contrast material in the ipsilateral ureter and large separation of the upper and lower poles, and in 3 of 5 patients with multiple area...
The Risks of Acknowledgment: Performing the Sex-Selection Identification and Abortion Debate

This article focuses on the performance of an Indian feminist street play that addresses issues of sex-determination testing and sex-selection abortion. In my analysis, I explore the rhetorical competence these activists exhibit as they raise concerns about the ethics of discarding fetuses identified as female and struggle with the constraints of performing the absence of these girl fetuses, given feminist desires to simultaneously maintain the right to abortion and abolish sex-selection abortion. I also focus upon the critical appropriation of traditional women's folk culture to create a compelling feminist performance aesthetic. For activists and audience members, the performance of this counter-narrative holds the potential to open space and time for talk (as well as meaningful silence) that is personal, interpersonal, and significantly political.
Atypical incorporation of single amino acids into myelin proteins.

—Purified myelin incorporated l-[14C]leucine and l-[14C]lysine into myelin proteins in an enzymatic process similar to that of renal brush border membranes. The system was not inhibited by cycloheximide or puromycin or by pretreatment with ribonuclease; the reaction was inhibited by cetophenicol. ATP was an effector, shifting the optimal pH from 7.2 to 8.3. In the presence of ATP, myelin was less dense in a sucrose gradient. Ammonia was released from the membrane during the incorporation of amino acids. Myelin preloaded with cold leucine did not incorporate [14C]leucine but did incorporate [14C]lysine; there was no cross inhibition between the two amino acids. The incorporation was into or onto proteins of the Wolfgram proteolipid fraction of myelin. The incorporation was of the high affinity type with a Km of 10−7m and was restricted to the natural amino acids.
A physically-derived nonquasi-static model of ferroelectric amplifiers for computer-aided device simulation – Part II: The ferroelectric common-source and common-gate amplifiers

Abstract In this paper, Part II of the authors’ paper [1] , the physically-derived nonquasi-static model presented in [1] is applied to the ferroelectric common-source and common-gate amplifiers. The model is based on the method of partitioned channel and ferroelectric layers and is valid in accumulation, depletion, and all three cases of inversion: weak, moderate, and strong. The equations of this model are based on the standard MOSFET equations that have been adapted to include the ferroelectric properties. The model code is written in MATLAB and outputs voltage plots with respect to time. The accuracy and effectiveness of the model are verified by two test cases, where the modeled results are compared to empirically-derived oscilloscope plots.
Spectroscopic Measurement of Coronal Compositions

Although the elemental composition in all parts of the solar photosphere appears to be the same this is clearly not the case with the solar upper atmosphere (SUA). Spectroscopic studies show that in the corona elemental composition along solar equatorial regions is usually different from polar regions; composition in quiet Sun regions is often different from coronal hole and active region compositions and the transition region composition is frequently different from the coronal composition along the same line of sight. In the following two issues are discussed. The first involves abundance ratios between the high-FIP O and Ne and the low-FIP Mg and Fe that are important for meaningful comparisons between photospheric and SUA compositions and the second involves a review of composition and time variability of SUA plasmas at heights of 1.0≤h≤1.5R ⊙.
Dissolution Rate Studies of Cholesterol Monohydrate in Bile Acid–Lecithin Solutions Using the Rotating‐Disk Method

Abstract A physical model approach was used to investigate cholesterol gallstone dissolution kinetics in simulated bile. Critical experimental and theoretical investigations simulating in vivo conditions showed that, in the bile acid‐lecithin solutions, there is a significant interfacial barrier for both cholesterol gallstone and cholesterol monohydrate pellet dissolution. In the present study, the rotating‐disk dissolution method and the accompanying Levich theory were applied to assess the contributions of the diffusion convection mass transfer resistance and of the interfacial barrier to the overall kinetics. Cholesterol dissolution rates in bile acid solutions were about 2–20 times slower than diffusion‐controlled rates depending upon the degree of agitation. As found in previous studies, these rates in the presence of sufficient concentrations of dissolution accelerators approached the theoretical diffusion‐convection‐controlled rates. To account for the much slower dissolution rates in bile acid‐lecithin solutions, two possible kinetic interpretations were investigated. The first is based upon slow crystal‐micellar solution interfacial kinetics, and the second is based upon a slow rate of cholesterol solubilization in the aqueous diffusion layer. For the latter, an analytical mathematical solution was obtained.
A subexponential-time algorithm for computing discrete logarithms over GF(p^2)

An algorithm for computing discrete logarithms over GF (p^{2}) , where p is a prime, in subexponential time is described. The algorithm is similar to the Merkle-Adleman algorithm for computing logarithms over GF (p) , but it uses quadratic fields as the appropriate algebraic structure. It also makes use of the idea of a virtual spanning set due to Hellman and Reyneri for computing discrete logarithms over GF (p^{m}) , for m growing and p fixed.
A context-aware experience sampling tool

A new software tool for user-interface development and assessment of ubiquitous computing applications is available for CHI researchers. The software permits researchers to use common PDA mobile computing devices for experience sampling studies. The basic tool offers options not currently available in any other open-source sampling package. However, the tool also has new functionality: context-aware experience sampling. This feature permits researchers to acquire feedback from users in particular situations that are detected by sensors connected to a mobile computing device.
The relationship of socioeconomic status to preterm contractions and preterm delivery.

Spontaneous preterm labor precedes approximately 50% of preterm births. One to 10% of pregnant women are hospitalized for preterm labor. This study examines the relationship of socioeconomic indicators, family income, education and type of insurance, with preterm contractions and subsequent preterm delivery. Data were from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system on 107,926 women who had singleton births during 2000–2002. Data on preterm contractions, family income, and type of insurance during pregnancy were from the maternal questionnaire. Maternal education and gestational age were derived from birth certificate data. Predicted marginal probabilities from logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted cumulative incidence and cumulative risk ratio of preterm contractions and preterm delivery. Median annual household income was approximately $30,000. More than one-fourth (28.1 95% CI: 27.7, 28.6) of women experienced preterm contractions, and these women were 3 times as likely (18 vs. 5%) to deliver preterm as women without preterm contractions. Only 58% of women who delivered preterm reported contractions. Lower income and Medicaid-paid care were independently associated with an increased risk of preterm contractions but not with preterm delivery. The association of lower income and Medicaid enrollment with preterm contractions but not preterm delivery suggests that SES is associated with the initiation of the pathway to spontaneous preterm delivery rather than access to or the success of interventions to prevent delivery following the onset of contractions.
Activation of staphylocoagulase.

SummaryThe preparation and some properties of a stable staphylocoagulase are described, together with data to indicate that the “activator substance” which it needs in order to coagulate fibrinogen can be provided by certain plasma protein fractions, particularly being associated with the albumins.
PLANCK-SIZE BLACK HOLE REMNANTS AS DARK MATTER

While there exist various candidates, the nature of dark matter remains unresolved. Recently it was argued that the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) may prevent a black hole from evaporating completely, and as a result there should exist a Planck-size black hole remnant (BHR) at the end of its evaporation. If a sufficient amount of small black holes can be produced in the early universe, then the resultant BHRs can be an interesting candidate for DM. We demonstrate that this is indeed the case for the hybrid inflation model. By assuming BHR as DM, our notion imposes a constraint on the hybrid inflation potential. We show that such a constraint is not so fine-tuned. Possible observational signatures are briefly discussed.
Women's power and authority in the context of war

Within their domestic and marginal domains, women have power but no authority. Through their experiences in these domains, women acquire remarkable skills and ingenuity which partially enable them to quickly integrate new occupational skills demanded by the crisis of war. Women's partial socialization into masculine roles, their continual domination by male authority, and their preferred minority status further prepare women to appropriately exercise authority in concert with power in the context of war. The two related areas of women after war and women as warriors are briefly explored.
Aberrant metabolism of matrix components in neonatal fibular cartilage of brachypod (bpH) mice.

Abstract Collagen and the acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) were studied in the fibular cartilage of brachypod ( bp H bp H ) and normal (+/+) newborn mice. At this age the mutant fibulae are still cartilaginous and are comprised of closely packed chondrocytes, homogenous in size and shape. Brachypod fibular chondrocytes synthesized a normal cartilage-type collagen molecule but at half the normal rate. Incorporation of tryptophan indicated this was related to a depression of general protein synthesis rather than being specific for collagen. Pulse-chase experiments showed that collagen degradation over a 3-day culture period was 15% slower than normal thus accounting for the higher collagen content in mutant fibulae. AMPS synthesis in normals and brachypods was nearly equal; however, in pulse-chase experiments radioactivity could not be chased out of the mutant tissue. The failure of AMPS degradation also accounted for greater than normal quantity of AMPS in the mutant cartilage. Characterization of the AMPS led to the discovery of a small population of unsulfated chondroitin molecules in normal, but not brachypod cartilage. The importance of a coordinated metabolism of matrix products during limb development is discussed.
Use of a modified zirconia support in the separation of immunoproteins.

Abstract Zirconia beads (25–38 μm in diameter) were modified with N , N , N ′, N ′-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid to generate a zirconia based pseudoaffinity support, further referred to as r_PEZ. The influence of pH, salt concentration and temperature on the binding of human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) to r_PEZ was studied. Temperature had no significant impact on the maximum binding capacity ( Q max ), and the equilibrium-binding constant ( K d ), whereas pH and the salt concentration had a noticeable impact on both Q max and K d . The Q max value of 55 mg hIgG/ml of bead was obtained at a pH of 5.5 and found to decrease with an increase of pH. The modified zirconia support allowed the separation of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) from untreated human serum. Elution was possible under mild conditions with a step salt gradient. Overall protein recoveries in the range of 109–125% were obtained with human serum. Human IgG, human IgA, and human IgM yields of 29.50±6.3, 3.22±0.7, and 6.84±0.7%, respectively, were obtained at a linear velocity of 4.32 cm/min. Purity of products, obtained from a single chromatographic step was estimated to be greater than 89.0±2.6%. The utility of r_PEZ in the selective removal of immunoglobulins, as in immunoadsorption was discussed.
The association between early life mental representations and suicidal behavior

The escalation of self-destructive acts among all age groups has motivated researchers to identify the factors that may contribute to suicidal behavior. Suicide has been attributed to numerous etiologic factors, including the presence of psychopathology (e.g., affective disorders), neuroendocrine dysregulation and genetic tendencies. Nevertheless, investigations have not identified the precise mechanism(s) by which self-destructive proclivities are generated. This paper proposes a developmental psychopathology model based on early life mental representations that would enable clinicians to chart an individual's susceptibility to suicide and to better anticipate when suicidal behavior could become activated.
Expression and function of GDNF family ligands and receptors in the carotid body.

Abstract The carotid body is a neural crest-derived neuroendocrine organ that detects the oxygen level in blood and regulates ventilation. Unlike many other neural crest derivatives, the trophic factors mediating survival and differentiation of neuroendocrine cells of the carotid body are unknown. Given that many neural crest derivatives rely on the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands (GFLs) for survival and function, we undertook an analysis of the carotid body as a potential site of GFL action. RET and GDNF family receptor alphas (GFRα) 1–3 are expressed in the developing carotid body as detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. mRNA for GDNF, and artemin (ARTN) were also present. In vitro, treatment with GDNF, neurturin (NRTN), or ARTN, individually or in combination, produced an increase in the number and length of processes of the Type-I glomus cells of the carotid body [embryonic day-17 (E17) rats]. However, GFLs alone or in combination had no effect on glomus cell survival in either postnatal day-1 (P1) or E17 carotid body cultures. These results suggest that one or more GFLs may have a role in carotid body function. In addition, the results of this study suggest that endogenous or exogenous GFLs may enhance target innervation by carotid body transplants.