cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of coronary artery diameter on eNOS protein content

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the content of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein (eNOS protein/g total artery protein) increases with decreasing artery diameter in the coronary arterial tree. Content of eNOS protein was determined in porcine coronary arteries with immunoblot analysis. Arteries were isolated in six size categories from each heart: large arteries [301- to 2,500-microm internal diameter (ID)], small arteries (201- to 300-microm ID), resistance arteries (151- to 200-microm ID), large arterioles (101- to 150-microm ID), intermediate arterioles (51- to 100-microm ID), and small arterioles(<50-microm ID). To obtain sufficient protein for analysis from small- and intermediate-sized arterioles, five to seven arterioles 1-2 mm in length were pooled into one sample for each animal. Results establish that the number of smooth muscle cells per endothelial cell decreases from a number of 10 to 15 in large coronary arteries to 1 in the smallest arterioles. Immunohistochemistry revealed that eNOS is located only in endothelial cells in all sizes of coronary artery and in coronary capillaries. Contrary to our hypothesis, eNOS protein content did not increase with decreasing size of coronary artery. Indeed, the smallest coronary arterioles had less eNOS protein per gram of total protein than the large coronary arteries. These results indicate that eNOS protein content is greater in the endothelial cells of conduit arteries, resistance arteries, and large arterioles than in small coronary arterioles.
Some determinants of the effectiveness of priming word associates

A series of investigations of “priming,” the increased frequency of word-association occurrence of recently learned words, was carried out. The phenomenon was conclusively demonstrated. Some tentative conclusions regarding the determinants of the magnitude of the effect were made. However, investigations of the reliability of the effect indicate that the amount of priming exhibited by an association stimulus—primed word pair is not a very stable property of that pair. While the magnitude of the effect for any pair was quite stable under repeated measurements in the same verbal context, it was of unsatisfactory stability when determined in the context of different learned words and different surrounding word-association stimuli.
Synthesis, characterization, and manipulation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups.

Isolated, carbon nanotube cups with diameters of 12−40 nm have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition through incorporation of nitrogen atoms into graphitic carbon structure and subsequent mechanical separation. Incorporation of nitrogen affords carbon nanotube cups with a unique composition comprising multiwalled, graphitic lattice with nitrogen groups on the exterior rim and hollow interior cavities. These nanostructures demonstrate the ability to participate in hydrogen bonding because of nitrogen functionalities on their open edges. Furthermore, reaction with these nitrogen functionalities results in the coupling of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to the open rim of carbon nanotube cups. Through atomic force microscopy manipulation and adhesion force measurements, we compare the mobility of these structures on a hydrophilic surface before and after GNP coupling. Understanding of these forces will aid in useful nanostructure assembly for energy and biomedical applications.
Genomic analysis, cytokine expression, and microRNA profiling reveal biomarkers of human dietary zinc depletion and homeostasis

Implementation of zinc interventions for subjects suspected of being zinc-deficient is a global need, but is limited due to the absence of reliable biomarkers. To discover molecular signatures of human zinc deficiency, a combination of transcriptome, cytokine, and microRNA analyses was applied to a dietary zinc depletion/repletion protocol with young male human subjects. Concomitant with a decrease in serum zinc concentration, changes in buccal and blood gene transcripts related to zinc homeostasis occurred with zinc depletion. Microarray analyses of whole blood RNA revealed zinc-responsive genes, particularly, those associated with cell cycle regulation and immunity. Responses of potential signature genes of dietary zinc depletion were further assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The diagnostic properties of specific serum microRNAs for dietary zinc deficiency were identified by acute responses to zinc depletion, which were reversible by subsequent zinc repletion. Depression of immune-stimulated TNFα secretion by blood cells was observed after low zinc consumption and may serve as a functional biomarker. Our findings introduce numerous novel candidate biomarkers for dietary zinc status assessment using a variety of contemporary technologies and which identify changes that occur prior to or with greater sensitivity than the serum zinc concentration which represents the current zinc status assessment marker. In addition, the results of gene network analysis reveal potential clinical outcomes attributable to suboptimal zinc intake including immune function defects and predisposition to cancer. These demonstrate through a controlled depletion/repletion dietary protocol that the illusive zinc biomarker(s) can be identified and applied to assessment and intervention strategies.
Loss Coefficients in Microelbows

The goal of this study was to determine laminar pressure loss coefficients for flow in microelbows with circular and trapezoidal cross-sections. Flow conditions and pressure losses in these elbows are of interest in microfluidic devices, in porous media, and in other types of microfluidic networks. The literature focuses almost exclusively on loss coefficients due to turbulent flow in macroelbows with very little data on laminar flow in macroelbows. The pressure loss coefficients determined in this study are intended to aid in realistic simulation of existing laminar flow networks or the design of these networks. This study focused on an elbow of constant cross-section with inlet and outlet tubes of sufficient length so as to allow fully developed laminar flow at the entrance to the elbow and at the outlet tube exit. For the circular elbow, both the ratio of elbow radius to inner diameter and inlet Reynolds number were allowed to vary over the ranges of 0.5—10.5 and 1—2500, respectively. The laminar pressure loss coefficients were determined by simulating incompressible flow over the range of geometries and Reynolds numbers in the commercial CFD software FLUENT. The pressure and velocity distributions in the inlet and outlet tubes were averaged at multiple upstream and downstream positions, and were then used to extrapolate the loss coefficient due to the elbow. The results showed that the loss coefficient for larger ratios tended to be higher, in some cases in excess of 100, at low Reynolds number flows, but as the flow approached the transitional regime, the loss coefficients leveled out to roughly their accepted turbulent values of between 0.4 and 1.0. These results show good qualitative and quantitative agreement with limited laminar elbow experimental data available for macroelbows. For the trapezoidal elbows the loss coefficient levels off to about two for Reynolds numbers greater than 100.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Offspring from families at high risk for alcohol dependence: Increased body mass index in association with prenatal exposure to cigarettes but not alcohol

Abstract The prevalence of overweight and obese children is increasing, a tendency that can be expected to increase the risk of adverse outcomes in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine if prenatal exposure to alcohol, cigarettes, and street drugs would be associated with differences in body mass index (BMI) in childhood and adolescence in offspring from families at high and low genetic risk for developing alcohol dependence. Annual follow-up of offspring ( N = 288) provided 1200 height and weight assessments for analysis. Maternal substance use data were available for 235 offspring from families stratified for familial/genetic risk for alcohol dependence (high or low risk), providing the opportunity to assess prenatal exposure and familial/genetic risk in relation to BMI in the offspring. When data were grouped by the presence or absence of any prenatal cigarette exposure, a significant difference in offspring BMI was seen for 8- to 11-year-olds. Significant group differences were also seen at ages 12–15 and 16–18 years. A dose–response relationship between cigarette use by the mother and offspring BMI was also seen. With the strong tendency for individuals who are overweight in childhood and adolescence to become overweight adults, prenatal exposure to nicotine may be a harbinger of increased risk for numerous adult-onset, weight-related health problems.
Catalyst-adsorptive oxide-semiconductor gas sensors

The demand for better environmental control and safety has increased research activities in solid state gas sensors. One of the research trends exploits the silicon microfabrication technique to produce small, rugged and low cost gas sensors. Silicon based gas sensors utilizing catalytic metals such as palladium, platinum or other noble metals as the gate material for an MOS capacitor, transistor or Schottky barrier diode have been extensively studied for detection of hydrogen, hydrocarbon, alcohol vapor, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and carbon monoxide [l-5]. We have recently explored a new family of device structures utilizing a catalyst-adsorptive oxide-semiconductor MIS structure for gas detection. The first prototype device fabricated in the MIS configuration of Pd-SnO,Si,N,-SiO&-Al, with resistive SnO, as the oxygen adsorption agent and Pd as catalyst, for the detection of oxygen at room temperature has been reported by Kang et al. [6]. In this report we present data on device characteristics of a family of gas detectors with Pd, Pt or Ag as catalyst and SnO, or ZnO as the adsorptive oxide in the MIS configuration for the detection of 02, H2 and CO. AV,, in the C-V plot was measured. The following parameters characterizing the device were determined: (a) shift in flat-band voltage as a function of gas partial pressure and temperature, (b) adsorption and desorption rates and device response time constant as a function of temperature and gas partial pressure and (c) gas adsorption activation energy of the device at a fixed gas partial pressure.
Inhibition of Male Sexual Behavior by Intracranial Implants of the Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Anisomycin into the Medial Preoptic Area of the Rat

Castrated male rats received testosterone (T) via silastic capsules and bilateral implants of either anisomycin (ANI) in a cocoa butter/beeswax mixture or cocoa butter/beeswax alone as a control. Cannulae were placed directly into the medial preoptic area (MPOA) to determine if protein synthesis in this brain region is required for the expression of male sexual behavior. In the first experiment, using a restoration paradigm, it was found that a 25% mixture of ANI prevented restoration of male sexual behavior, whereas 4% ANI was only partially effective. In a second experiment, the ability of 25% ANI to suppress male sexual behavior in a maintenance paradigm was tested and found to be completely ineffective. In a third experiment, a 50% ANI dose was used and this dose significantly suppressed male sexual behavior by the fourth week. Sexual behavior returned following ANI discontinuation. Males receiving 50% ANI were also tested for sexual motivation (measured in a place preference test), as well as for scent marking and vocalizations. ANI implanted into the MPOA did not affect sexual motivation, as males in both ANI and control groups spent more time with a sexually receptive female than with a nonreceptive female. ANI in the MPOA did not affect scent marking, but significantly decreased ultrasonic vocalizations. These results suggest that, in rats, protein synthesis in the MPOA is required for the expression of male sexual behavior and vocalizations, but not for sexual preference or scent marking.
A computer simulation of thermodynamic properties of solid Na

The recently derived pseudopotential of Rasolt and Taylor (1970, 1975) has been used to carry out a computer simulation of the properties of solid Na near its melting point. The authors have calculated the elastic constants, the thermodynamic Gruneisen parameter, the pressure, the specific heat and the quantity (dp/dT)v at both 293K and 361K. The calculation was performed for molar volumes that correspond roughly to those observed experimentally at zero pressure. A system composed of 250 particles is used, in which each atom is allowed to interact with its nearest 112 neighbours; periodic boundary conditions have been introduced to allow for the simulation of an infinite system. The overall agreement of the calculations with experimental data is good when one makes allowance for possible contributions from the electron gas terms. However, the shear constant c44, which contains no such contributing terms, is definitely smaller than the experimental values of Fritsch, Geipel and Prasetyo (1973). This may indicate an inadequacy of the pseudopotential.
A database design for musical information

As part of our research into a general purpose data management system for musical information, a major focus has been the development of tools to support a data model for music. This paper first outlines the various types of information that fall under the purview of our proposed data manager. We consider extensions to the entity-relationship data model to implement the notion of hierarchical ordering, commonly found in musical data. We then present examples from our schema for representing musical notation in a database, taking advantage of these extensions.
The transient far-field response of a discontinuous one-dimensional cardiac fiber to subthreshold stimuli

It is hypothesized that the discontinuous structure of cardiac tissue is at least partly responsible for the ability of extracellular field stimuli to affect those regions of cardiac tissue very far from the stimulating electrodes. Yet, the details of this "far-field" interaction are still poorly understood. This paper derives analytical closed-form equations that describe the far-field spatial and temporal behaviors of the axial currents and transmembrane voltages along a discontinuous cardiac fiber in response to any applied subthreshold stimulus. Moreover, these derivations incorporate the influences of both junctional resistance and postulated junctional capacitance on such responses. Thus, as compared with previously-derived techniques, these equations extend and simplify the generation and analysis of such far-field responses. Frequency analysis of this system demonstrates that the fiber generally behaves as a low-pass filter, with the location of its corner frequency highly dependent on the magnitudes of both junctional resistance and especially junctional capacitance. Increasing either functional resistance or capacitance significantly and monotonically decreases the value of the corner frequency-equivalently manifest as a large increase in the duration of the transient response to a step input stimulus. Such changes to these initial excitation dynamics might prove relevant during the far-field stimulation of cardiac tissue, such as during defibrillation-type shocks.
A ROTARY CONTROL OF THE CIRCULAR CYLINDER WAKE: AN ANALYTIC APPROACH

In this paper, we establish some quantity relationships between the dynamics of circular cylinder wakes and the rotation speed of the cylinder. It has been shown analytically that rotating the cylinder can regularize the flow behavior, and delay the transition from steady flow to turbulent flow. The work needed to overcome the drag exerted on the cylinder is provided.
A New Head-Mounted Lip-Jaw Movement Transduction System for the Study of Motor Speech Disorders

A new head-mounted lip and jaw transduction system is described, which features (a) an ultra-low mass tubular aluminum headmount mainframe with a unique coupling apparatus, (b) a low mass transducer unit, (c) nonrestraint of the head, and (d) a transduction artifact of .1 mm or less under most recording conditions. The importance of observing labial and mandibular movements in addition to electromyographic and aerodynamic signals is emphasized by reference to actual recordings of speech from subjects with neuromotor disorders.
Sowing the seeds of public health nursing–1920–39

The Florence Nightingale International Foundation and the Florence Nightingale International Courses played an important role in the development of public health nursing leadership in Europe and remain an outstanding example of international collaboration. Through the International Courses 203 nurses from 40 countries were prepared to organize and implement systems of public health nursing where none had previously existed; another 97 nurses were prepared for leadership as administrators and teachers. Below, how the courses started and their impact as viewed by nursing leaders of that era.
Observation, Prediction, and Correlation of Geometric Shape Evolution Induced by Non-Isothermal Sintering of Polymer Powder

Sintering of powders occurs in a wide array of manufacturing technologies and geophysical phenomena. Despite the prevalence of powder sintering, little attention has been paid to sintering of macroscopic shapes under non-isothermal conditions. In this paper (1) features of a representative, experimentally grown solid shape produced by non-isothermal sintering are discussed, (2) prediction of the solid shape evolution is achieved using a hybrid heat transfer, sintering, and consolidation model, (3) comparison of the actual and predicted solid shapes is made, (4) parametric simulation of solid part growth in conjunction with void expansion is attained, and (5 ) analytical predictions of the void space evolution are developed and discussed.
Economizer Application in Dual-Duct Air-Handling Units

Economizers modulate outside air intake to minimize/eliminate mechanical cooling in air-handling units when outside air enthalpy is lower than the return air enthalpy. A theoretical study is conducted to developed analytical economizer models, to investigate potential energy savings, and to develop a potential energy savings calculation method for dual-duct air-handling unit systems. The study found that economizers decrease cooling energy consumption without heating energy penalties for dual-fan, dual-duct air-handling units. Economizers have significant heating energy penalties for single-fan, dual-duct air-handling units.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura

Solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura are an uncommon but increasingly recognized neoplasm derived from mesenchymal cells located in the submesothelial lining of the pleural space. They may be differentiated from mesotheliomas and other pleural tumors due to unique immunohistochemical characteristics. The vast majority of these tumors are benign, and complete surgical resection remains the mainstay of therapy for both the benign and malignant variants. In this review, the clinical presentation, radiologic features, histologic findings, and treatment options for this tumor are described. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Two dimensional curve shape primitives for detecting line defects in silicon wafers

A new set of two-dimensional curve shape primitives for detecting line defects on wafers in semiconductor manufacturing is presented. A supervised learning based neural network which incorporates these shape primitives has been built and tested on more than six months of real data from an Intel fabrication laboratory. Results demonstrate that the new set of shape primitives was very accurate in capturing the line defects. >
The EE student's PC toolkit. I

This survey article is the first of a four-part series that reviews programs that are useful in an academic setting. Emphasis is on those that can be utilized in electrical engineering coursework. The criteria for selecting software are set forth, and the necessary components of the ideal toolkit are identified. Each of these categories-graphing/plotting, word processing, graphics/schematic drawing, simulation, and miscellaneous special applications-is examined in some detail. >
[Screening of the delta-F508 mutation and analysis of two Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the CFTR gene, in a sample of the general population of Valparaíso, Chile].

The Cystic Fibrosis (CF) carrier rate in Chile was estimated to be1/40. CF is caused by mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator(CFTR) gene. Delta F508 mutation is the most common in CF patients in Chile and worldwide. DeltaF508 has linkage disequilibrium with two Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP), often used todefine the haplotypic frameworks of CF mutations.
Medical error reduction: the effect of employee satisfaction with organizational support

The problem of medical errors as a factor of service quality has become critically important for healthcare providers. The research model in this paper describes how employee satisfaction with organizational support (ESWOS) and organizational systems supported by an organizational culture impact medical error reduction. The proposed research model was tested using structural equation modelling for hypotheses, based on data collected from 186 respondents in four selected hospitals. The results of the study strongly support that medical error reduction is associated with ESWOS. Also, organizational culture which supports ESWOS and organizational systems as preventive and corrective systems is important for reducing medical errors.
Effect of robotic guidance on motor learning of a timing task

While robotic guidance can improve ongoing performance of a motor task, several studies have found that it ultimately impairs motor learning. Here, we studied whether robotic guidance improved short and long term learning of a task for which timing is the critical performance determinant (a pinball-like hitting task). Training with guidance allowed subjects to learn the trained task, but had no benefit compared to training without guidance. In fact subjects who trained with guidance reacted as if the assistance provided on assisted trials was a perturbation rather than following its example, as they showed significant aftereffects that increased timing error on the trials following assisted trials. The results also suggest that training with robotic guidance slightly reduced generalization to untrained targets, perhaps because it reduced the range of errors that subjects explored during training.
Phylogenetic evidence for multiple losses of a sexually selected character in phrynosomatid lizards

The evolution of conspicuous male display ornaments is a common trend in diverse groups of organisms and a continuing challenge to studies of sexual selection. A phylogenetic approach was used to examine macro-evolutionary patterns of change in sexually dichromatic display coloration (distinctively coloured belly patches) among 130 taxa of phrynosomatid lizards. The results showed repeated losses of sexual dimorphism, which occur through losses of conspicuous male coloration or gains of conspicuous female coloration. The frequent loss of male traits is surprising, given that sexual selection presumably drives their evolutionary origin and maintenance, but is consistent with a recently proposed hypothesis suggesting that females may lose responsiveness to male traits over macro-evolutionary time-scales. The observation of repeated losses of male traits in phrynosomatid lizards (and other groups) may have implications for testing among competing models for the evolution of female preferences. A concentrated changes test showed that changes in male display coloration are significantly associated with the use of ground-dwelling habitat, as opposed to rock- or tree-dwelling habitats. This result suggests a role for natural selection in the loss of male display traits in phrynosomatid lizards, but habitat type alone may be insufficient to explain these losses.
Observation of Nonlinear Optical Coupling in the Kiloelectronvolt X-Ray Regime

Experimental findings with Xe(M) radiation in the ~1 keV X-ray region have confirmed the presence of a predicted zone of anomalously strengthened radiative coupling operative at sufficiently high intensity (I >; 1015 W/cm2) and frequency (hω >; 5 eV). These new results herald the general existence of a strongly enhanced modality of radiative interaction that is based on ordered-driven electron motions in the attosecond regime.
Traffic jam in the primitive streak: the role of defective mesoderm migration in birth defects.

Gastrulation is the process in which the three germ layers are formed that contribute to the formation of all major tissues in the developing embryo. We here review mouse genetic models in which defective gastrulation leads to mesoderm insufficiencies in the embryo. Depending on severity of the abnormalities, the outcomes range from incompatible with embryonic survival to structural birth defects, such as heart defects, spina bifida, or caudal dysgenesis. The combined evidence from the mutant models supports the notion that these congenital anomalies can originate from perturbations of mesoderm specification, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and mesodermal cell migration. Knowledge about the molecular pathways involved may help to improve strategies for the prevention of major structural birth defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:608–622, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental Circulating Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis

Based on some 40 years of experience in experimental and clinical immunopathology, the senior author examines the relationship between some characteristics of the immunological reagents (antigen and antibody) and the nature of lesions in immune complex glomerulonephritis.
Tumor Characteristics of Carriers and Noncarriers of the deCODE 8q24 Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Alleles

Purpose In collaboration with deCODE Genetics Inc. we previously reported on the association between genetic variants on chromosome 8q24 and prostate cancer susceptibility. Several prior studies have examined the relationship between these 8q24 alleles and clinical tumor features. In this study we examine the differences in clinical and pathological tumor features between carriers and noncarriers of these 8q24 alleles in patients with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods We genotyped 551 white men who underwent radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer at single institution between 2002 and 2005. Of these men 177 (32.1%) were carriers of the −8 allele of the microsatellite marker DG8S737, the A allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1447295 and/or the A allele of the rs16901979 (a surrogate single nucleotide polymorphism of HapC) 8q24 alleles. We used statistical analyses to compare the distribution of clinical characteristics and pathological outcomes between carriers and noncarriers. Results The −8, A and HapC surrogate single nucleotide polymorphism alleles were present in 77 (14%), 128 (23%) and 61 (14%) patients with prostate cancer, respectively. Carriers of the −8 or multiple 8q24 alleles were significantly more likely to have a Gleason score of 7 or greater and lymph node metastases. Among men with a family history of prostate cancer, carriers of the −8 allele had a significantly greater risk of high grade disease (64% vs 39%, p=0.04). Conclusions In our predominantly surgically treated population there was a significant association between 8q24 prostate cancer susceptibility alleles, particularly the −8 allele, and high grade disease. In men with a family history of prostate cancer the presence of 1 or more of these alleles also conferred a greater risk of some adverse pathological features.
The Electric Field-Induced Electroconformational Coupling of Cell Membrane Proteins

Since its discovery in the later nineteenth century, electricity has become the cleanest, most efficient and most widely used energy form in our daily life. Because of increasingly demanding for electrical energy in the home and workplace, it seems like that trauma from electrical shock continue to increase. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of electrical injury and the development of efficient therapeutic techniques and management procedures for electrically injured patients are the common goals of medical doctors, engineers and scientists. On the other hand, there are many proteins in our body, especial those in cell membranes, are either voltage-dependent or electrigenic. Those proteins are mainly responsible for the cellular electrical activities. How those membrane proteins interacted with an applied electric field is a fascinating question, which has drawn more and more attentions.
In Vivo Adaptation of the Wayne Model of Latent Tuberculosis

Cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis grown under oxygen depletion conditions enter into a state of nonreplicating persistence that may reflect a physiologically latent state. When these cultures were harvested and injected intranasally into mice, no bacteria could be recovered from the lungs for about 3 weeks, but after that evidence of regrowth was observed. Preimmunization of mice with a panel of selected vaccine candidates slowed or prevented this event. This simple model has potential for identifying vaccines targeting latent tuberculosis.
Chagas’ Disease and the Autoimmunity Hypothesis

The notion that the pathology of Chagas’ disease has an autoimmune component was initially based on the finding of circulating antibodies binding heart tissue antigens in patients and mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Later, T lymphocytes reactive with heart or nerve tissue antigens were found in chagasic mice and patients, extending the concept to include cell-mediated immunity. However, there is disagreement about whether the observed immunologic autoreactivities are triggered by T. cruzi epitopes and then affect host tissue antigens by virtue of molecular mimicry or are elicited by host antigens exposed to lymphocytes after tissue damage caused by the parasite. There is also disagreement about the relevance of immunologic autoreactivities to the pathogenesis of Chagas’ disease because of the lack of reproducibility of some key reports supporting the autoimmunity hypothesis, conflicting data from independent laboratories, conclusions invalidated by advances in our understanding of the immunologic mechanisms underlying cell lysis, and, last but not least, a lack of direct, incontrovertible evidence that cross-reacting antibodies or autoreactive cells mediate the typical pathologic changes associated with human Chagas’ disease. The data and views backing and questioning the autoimmunity hypothesis for Chagas’ disease are summarized in this review.
Power estimation methodology for a high-level synthesis framework

As adoption of system-level hardware design is increasing in industry and academia, accurate power estimation at this level is becoming important. In this paper, we present a system-level power estimation methodology, which is based on a high-level synthesis framework and supports sufficiently accurate power estimation of hardware designs at the systemlevel. For early and accurate power estimation, the proposed methodology utilizes register transfer level (RTL) probabilistic power estimation technique controlled by the system-level simulation. Furthermore, our methodology does not require a designer to move to the traditional RTL power estimation methodology, thus facilitating easy and early power analysis and aiding the cause of adoption of system-level design practices in ASIC design flow. This paper provides detailed description of our methodology including tools used, algorithm for extracting activity from system-level value change dump and finally mapping this information for RTL power estimation. We show the usefulness of our approach by performing power estimation on synthesizable cycle-accurate transaction-level (CATL) design models of reasonable complexity such as prototype processor model (VeSPA processor), universal asynchronous receiver and transmitter (UART), FFT filter, etc. We demonstrate our methodology through industry standard EDA tools used in the ASIC design flow and show that the loss in accuracy for the proposed approach with respect to the state-of-the-art RTL power estimation techniques ranges from 3?9%. The speed up gained using our approach is upto 12 times more than RTL simulation based power estimation approach.
Intra-Articular Synovial Sarcoma Treated With a Transfemoral Amputation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

ABSTRACTA case of monophasic intra-articular synovial sarcoma in the right knee of a 39-year-old active duty serviceman treated with a transfemoral amputation is presented. The patient was evaluated for right knee pain and fullness. After further workup, the patient underwent computed tomographyguided biopsy, with the tissue specimen consistent with intra-articular synovial sarcoma. The patient elected for a transfemoral amputation rather than limb or joint-sparing surgery. The gross specimen measured 3.5 × 3.0 × 1.7 cm in the posteromedial knee. No metastatic lesions were seen on positron emission tomography–computed tomography. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy have not been utilized. The transfemoral amputation adds to the uniqueness of this report and is discussed with a review of the multimodality treatment toward intra-articular synovial sarcoma in prior published literature.
Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Donor Selection and Living Donor Hepatectomy

Use of living donors for liver transplantation has become a widely recognized source of organs in areas with critical shortage. Donor risks and morbidity remain the primary barriers to increased utilization. Donor evaluation including laboratory and radiologic testing is described here. We describe recent publications defining risks of donor hepatectomy. Techniques for potentially decreasing donor morbidity include the use of left lobes or smaller grafts and laparoscopic donor hepatectomy. This review summarizes the evolution of understanding donor risks with standard donor hepatectomies and discusses the new advances that may become the standard in the coming years.
Evaluation of three community-based hospitals for control and prevalence of Clostridium difficile infection

Abstract. Clostridium difficile is a gram positive spore forming bacteria that is the primary cause of antibiotic associated diarrheas in the United States and Europe. The prevalence of C. difficile infections (CDI) in hospitals and long term care facilities has increased over the past decade and now represents a serious threat to patient health. Because C. difficile infections are caused by antibiotic therapy, alternative means of treatment are of interest. This study investigates the prevalence of C. difficile infection in three community hospitals and one research hospital and compares hospital prevalence data to state averages for Alabama and Mississippi and the national average. It was found that one community hospital exceeded the national average while two community hospitals and the research hospital were less than the national average of CDI. Both the standard infection ratio for C. difficile for Alabama and Mississippi were less than the national average. Data for January 1, 2013 – June 3, 2013 ...
Effects of Asymmetry on GaN Photonic Crystal Slabs

We demonstrate that the spectrum of an asymmetrical photonic crystal slab has regions of vanishing transmission. Measurements are performed on GaN photonic crystal slabs consisting of two-dimensional triangular lattices of holes on sapphire substrates.
An expanded sequence context model broadly explains variability in polymorphism levels across the human genome

The rate of single-nucleotide polymorphism varies substantially across the human genome and fundamentally influences evolution and incidence of genetic disease. Previous studies have only considered the immediately flanking nucleotides around a polymorphic site--the site's trinucleotide sequence context--to study polymorphism levels across the genome. Moreover, the impact of larger sequence contexts has not been fully clarified, even though context substantially influences rates of polymorphism. Using a new statistical framework and data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we demonstrate that a heptanucleotide context explains >81% of variability in substitution probabilities, highlighting new mutation-promoting motifs at ApT dinucleotide, CAAT and TACG sequences. Our approach also identifies previously undocumented variability in C-to-T substitutions at CpG sites, which is not immediately explained by differential methylation intensity. Using our model, we present informative substitution intolerance scores for genes and a new intolerance score for amino acids, and we demonstrate clinical use of the model in neuropsychiatric diseases.
Anastomosis of Auricular Appendages in Dogs.

Summary and Conclusions(1) Methods of producing interatrial communications by anastomosis of the auricular appendages are presented. (2) These methods are technically feasible. (3) Thrombosis has prevented the functioning of these communications for as long as 1 or 2 months.
Micromechanics Modeling of Heterogeneous Materials with Nonuniformly Distributed Loads and Temperature

This work extends our previous work on variational asymptotic modeling of heterogeneous materials with temperature-dependent constituents experiencing finite temperature changes to deal with nonuniformly distributed loads and temperature. In this paper, we will incorporate work done by distributed loads into the Helmholtz free energy considering nonuniform temperature distribution and use the variational asymptotic method to formulate the cell problem. Then we implement the cell problem using the finite element technique into the computer code VAMUCH. The new micromechanics model and the companion code will be verified for simple examples using analytical solutions and realistic examples using the commercial finite element package ANSYS.
Demonstration of a 4-ary FSK coherent optical communication system

Frequency shift keying (FSK) has proved one of the most popular modulations for use in coherent optical communication systems. FSK systems typically use a binary signaling format where one of two possible tones is transmitted corresponding to data bits one and zero. Demodulation can be accomplished with a frequency discriminator, a two-filter demodulator, or if a 3-dB loss in theoretical performance is acceptable, a single filter receiver.
US geospatial crop frequency data layers

Information on future crop specific planting is valuable for improving agricultural survey estimates. This information is critical for agricultural production planning, agricultural product commodity inventory control, natural resource allocation and conservation, etc. However, future crop planting details are generally unavailable. This paper proposes to use crop specific planting frequency data as indicators to indirectly provide information regarding future crop planting. A methodology to derive crop planting frequency data layers based on 2008-2013 Cropland Data Layers has been presented in this paper. Crop frequency layers for corn, soybeans, wheat and cotton were successfully built at the national level and for two states including Indiana and Mississippi, USA. Multi-year (20082013) Farm Service Agency (FSA) Common Land Unit (CLU) data were utilized to assess the accuracy of the derived crop frequency data layers. The accuracies of the national scale crop frequency data layers are 91.00%, 90.13%, 87.67% and 85.96% for corn, cotton, soybean and wheat respectively. Keywords—Cropland Data Layer; crop frequency map; automated stratification; crop specific stratification; multi-year land cover data;
Isostructural synthesis of porous metal-organic nanotubes.

Employment of semirigid double-hinged di-1,2,4-triazoles has led to the synthesis of an isostructural series of metal–organic nanotubes (MONTs). The ditriazole ligands adopt a syn conformation between rigid metal chains while an appropriate anion choice provides a “capping” of the metal ions, leading to MONT formation. This approach of utilizing a variety of both semirigid ligands and metals is the first general methodology to prepare this class of 1D nanomaterial. The local geometry at the metal center depends on the metal ion employed, with Cu(I) centers adopting a tetrahedral geometry, Ag(I) centers adopting a seesaw geometry, and Cu(II) centers adopting a square-pyramidal geometry upon MONT synthesis. The pore size of the MONTs is adjusted by changing the central portion of the double-hinged ligand, allowing for a predictable method to control the pore width of the MONT. The adsorption properties of MONTs as a function of pore size revealed selective uptake of CO2 and CH4, with copper MONTs exhibiting...
SAFETY FACTORS IN VERTICAL STEMS: EVIDENCE FROM EQUISETUM HYEMALE.

Predictions from a mechanical model for hollow vertical stems are tested against morphometric and mechanical studies of the vertical stems of Equisetum hyemale. The model predicts 1) that the wall thickness of hollow internodes must be at least 15% of the external radius of shoots, 2) that the elastic modulus of stems is quantitatively related to the ratio of apoplast (cell walls) to symplast (cytoplasm) areas in transverse sections through stems, and that (3) hollow stems are designed to sustain an additional and significant proportion of their own weight. The "safety factors" predicted for a hollow vertical stem are used to examine two adaptationist explanations for hollow stems: 1) "economy in design," which argues that natural selection will favor a reduction in the metabolic cost in constructing an organ, and 2) "mechanical design," which argues that stems are designed to maximize their mechanical stability during vertical growth. Evidence from E. hyemale indicates that 1) there is a developmental limit to the maximum allotment of biomass invested in the construction of stems, 2) as stem height increases, morphometric adjustments in internodal wall thickness occur which converge on predicted safety limits, and 3) the elastic modulus of stems changes as a function of the ratio of apoplast to symplast areas seen in transverse sections through shoots. Biomechanical and developmental evidence and the allometry of E. hyemale stems are consistent with the view that stems are designed for safety and are inconsistent with some predictions based on the economy in design.
The Role of Future Earnings and Dividends in Security Valuation: A Reexamination of the Fundamental Links

This paper examines the usefulness of future earnings and future dividends in security valuation. Our tests involve calculating intrinsic value estimates for Ohlson's (1995) earnings capitalization model and the traditional dividend discount model, and then using these intrinsic value estimates to explain cross-sectional variation in observed prices. Cross-sectional regression results are inconclusive when both positive and negative earnings realizations are used in calculating the earnings capitalization model intrinsic value estimate. Both the earnings capitalization model and dividend discount model explain a significant portion of observed stock price variation, but neither clearly dominates the other. However, when negative earnings realizations are excluded, the earnings intrinsic value estimates clearly dominate the dividend intrinsic value estimates in explaining observed prices. Decomposition analysis suggests that the advantage of the earnings capitalization model over the dividend discount model is due to the reinvested earnings component of aggregate future earnings.
Ercutaneous Techniques for the Management of Urological Renal Transplant Complications

AbstractPercutaneous techniques were used to manage 13 renal transplant recipients with urological complications and long-term followup now is available. Three patients had urinary fistulas and 10 had ureteral obstruction. In 2 of the patients with ureteral fistulas and 5 with ureteral obstruction the percutaneous procedures provided definitive management and obviated the need for an open operation. In the 6 other patients the percutaneous procedures proved to be valuable adjuncts to subsequent planned open operative reconstruction. While there were 4 significant complications related to the percutaneous procedures, none resulted in graft loss or patient death.We conclude that percutaneous techniques provide valuable alternatives to immediate open operative intervention in renal transplant recipients with ureteral obstruction or fistula formation. Furthermore, these techniques may obviate entirely the need for subsequent operative intervention.
Does visual attention drive the dynamics of bistable perception

How does attention interact with incoming sensory information to determine what we perceive? One domain in which this question has received serious consideration is that of bistable perception: a captivating class of phenomena that involves fluctuating visual experience in the face of physically unchanging sensory input. Here, some investigations have yielded support for the idea that attention alone determines what is seen, while others have implicated entirely attention-independent processes in driving alternations during bistable perception. We review the body of literature addressing this divide and conclude that in fact both sides are correct-depending on the form of bistable perception being considered. Converging evidence suggests that visual attention is required for alternations in the type of bistable perception called binocular rivalry, while alternations during other types of bistable perception appear to continue without requiring attention. We discuss some implications of this differential effect of attention for our understanding of the mechanisms underlying bistable perception, and examine how these mechanisms operate during our everyday visual experiences.
Growth performance, endocrine, and metabolite responses of finishing hogs to porcine prolactin

Prolactin, a member of the somatotropin-prolactin-placental lactogen gene family, increases feed intake and rate of weight gain in several species. To determine whether prolactin affects growth performance and carcass composition in swine, recombinant porcine prolactin (rpPRL) was administered to finishing hogs. Doses of 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg of rpPRL/d and 4 mg of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST)/d were administered to groups of seven barrows and seven gilts initially weighing 75.0 +/- .2 kg for a 28-d period. Recombinant pPRL did not alter feed intake or growth rate or affect carcass composition. In addition, most growth-related blood variables did not change, although plasma IGF-I was increased in the 8 and 16 mg of rpPRL treatment groups. At slaughter, mammary development was apparent in rpPRL-treated gilts and was characterized by distended alveolar and ductal lumina and presence of secretory material. In rPST-treated hogs, feed intake was decreased 28% (P < .01), gain/feed was increased more in barrows than in gilts (59 vs 39%, treatment x sex interaction, P = .035), and growth rate was increased 22%, but in barrows only (treatment x sex interaction P = .005). Compared with those in control hogs, circulating concentrations of IGF-I, insulin, and glucose were 175, 311, and 22% higher, respectively, and of blood urea nitrogen were 62% lower in rpST-treated hogs (P < .05). These results suggest that rpPRL, at the doses administered, does not increase feed intake in finishing hogs in contrast to rats and other species.