cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Power electronics integration on battery cells

This paper introduces a distributed battery equalization structure for battery strings in which power electronic converters are integrated on battery cells. Because each cell is managed individually, the proposed structure has many advantages over traditional ones. Design issues about power converters are discussed. A two-level control algorithm is proposed to perform global and local functions including battery monitor, protection, sensing, and control. At last, the authors built a prototype, which successfully validated the proposed concept.
John Dewey and Pragmatism in the Primary School: a thing of the past?

ABSTRACT In 1906, J. J. Findlay, Professor of Education at Manchester, eased English readers into pragmatism's foreign beginnings by setting John Dewey alongside Pestalozzi, Herbart and Froebel. This paper investigates the interweavings of pragmatism in the years following the First World War, when it appeared in views of children, pedagogy and curriculum, in for example the work of the Board of Education and Susan Isaacs. Pragmatic aims of schooling are initiative and adaptability, accomplished by continuous reconstruction of children's experiences out into organized bodies of knowledge and by cultivation of habits of inquiry in the context of real problems. Recently a radically different paradigm for schooling has entered the English schooling community, namely an exchange of children's following interests and teachers learning with children, for equipping children with a hierarchy of concepts before seeing how concepts function in their environment. This new paradigm compromises a pragmatic tradition i...
Mechanisms of Transition Metal Diffusion into Semiconductor Film

Descriptions of metal (Me) diffusion into semiconductor (Se) film by diffusion-kinetic and purely kinetic methods were compared. To analyze thin film diffusion, thin film surfaces were considered as a substantial source/sink of point defects. Conditions of transition from one Me diffusion transport mechanism/regime to another, when Se sample thickness is changed, were found to be practically the same in both considerations. Critical Se film size, dislocation density, and temperature of diffusion mechanisms and regimes coincide, providing a correct interpretation of the experimental results in terms of the corresponding diffusion mechanism.
Immunologic and biologic properties of antibodies to a glucagon-serum albumin polymer.

Antibodies to beef-pork glucagon were produced in rabbits by complexing the hormone to rabbit serum albumin using a modification of a glutaraldehyde method. Antisera obtained after 6 months of immunization contained glucagon binding capacity of up to 10 μg/ml. Complement fixation and inhibition experiments indicated that all the antibodies were directed against the glucagon portion of the complex and that equal affinity existed between free andcomplexed hormone. A displacement of 131I-glucagon from antiserum was observed with .05 ng glucagon. There was significant cross-reactivity with an extract of jejunal mucosa, although the binding curves were dissimilar. Preincubation of glucagon with antiserum abolished therises of serum insulin and glucose in the rat produced by glucagon alone. Such preincubation also blocked the increases in hepatic phosphorylase activity and glucose output produced by glucagon during perfusion of isolated rat livers.(Endocrinology 87:1055,1970
Performance issues in parallelized network protocols

Parallel processing has been proposed as a means of improving network protocol throughput. Several different strategies have been taken towards parallelizing protocols. A relatively popular approach is packet-level parallelism, where packets are distributed across processors.This paper provides an experimental performance study of packet-level parallelism on a contemporary shared-memory multiprocessor. We examine several unexplored areas in packet-level parallelism and investigate how various protocol structuring and implementation techniques can affect performance. We study TCP/IP and UDP/IP protocol stacks, implemented with a parallel version of the x-kernel running in user space on Silicon Graphics multiprocessors.Our results show that only limited packet-level parallelism can be achieved within a single connection under TCP, but that using multiple connections can improve available parallelism. We also demonstrate that packet ordering plays a key role in determining single-connection TCP performance, that careful use of locks is a necessity, and that selective exploitation of caching can improve throughput. We also describe experiments that compare parallel protocol performance on two generations of a parallel machine and show how computer architectural trends can influence performance.
Behavioural variation in natural populations. VII. Maternal body temperature does not affect juvenile thermoregulation in a garter snake

This study was aimed to determine whether thermoregulation by juvenile garter snakes is affected by developmental temperature imposed by their mothers during pregnancy. Maternal temperature treatments were created by maintaining six groups of females at six different constant temperatures (2632°C) during pregnancy. A seventh group of females was allowed to thermoregulate during pregnancy. The body temperatures of juveniles (N=324) on thermal gradients were monitored in the morning and afternoon for 5 consecutive days, beginning 5 days after birth. The body temperatures of juveniles were consistent, apparently heritable and remarkably stereotyped. Juvenile body temperature was virtually unaffected by maternal temperature treatment 0 1995 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour Behaviour is the principal regulator of body temperature in reptiles, with physiological adjust- ments playing a secondary role (Bartholomew 1982). Many reptiles achieve relatively precise thermoregulation by behavioural choice of micro- habitats and by postural adjustments (Cowles & Bogert 1944; Avery 1982; Firth & Turner 1982). Using surgically-implanted radiotransmitters that are temperature sensitive, field investigations indicate that individuals of our study species, the western terrestrial garter snake, Thamnophis elegans, usually maintain body temperatures in the range 28.0-32.5X (x& ~~~29.9 & 1.32"C) on warm days (Peterson 1987). Field studies of most snakes indicate modal activity temperatures within a similar range (Peterson et al. 1993). Because Thamnophis are viviparous, thermoregu- lation during pregnancy is particularly interesting. During a pregnancy that lasts approximately 100 days, a mother garter snake has behavioural control over the temperatures that her embryos experience. Developmental temperature can have major effects on some traits of reptilian embryos, but other traits are relatively immune to temperature influences. Developmental temperature affects sex
The Hsp110 protein chaperone Sse1 is required for yeast cell wall integrity and morphogenesis.

Molecular chaperones direct refolding and triage decisions and support signal transduction responses to cytotoxic stress. The eukaryotic chaperone Hsp110 is represented by the SSE1/2 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which act as nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) for cognate cytosolic Hsp70 chaperones. In this report, we present evidence that Sse1 is required for signaling through the cell integrity pathway via partnership with Hsp90 and the terminal MAP kinase Slt2. We found that sse1Δ and sti1Δ mutant cells share the typical cell integrity mutant phenotypes of osmoremediated temperature-sensitive growth and sensitivity to cell wall-damaging agents. Sse1 binds to Slt2 in vivo and similar to Hsp90 mutants, Slt2 stability and phosphorylation is not compromised in sse1Δ cells, whereas activation of the downstream transcription factor Rlm1 is abolished. In addition to Rlm1, Slt2 activates the Swi4/Swi6 heterodimer SBF in response to cell wall damage. SSE1 displayed dramatic synthetic phenotypes when disrupted in combination with mutations in SBF and the related Mbp1/Swi6 heterodimer MBF, characterized by severe growth and morphological defects. These defects were reversed by restoration of Hsp70 NEF activity, providing a mechanistic model wherein Sse1 functionally partners with Hsp90 as an Hsp70 NEF to promote client protein maturation and interaction with downstream effectors.
Rearing and Maintaining Pullets on Controlled Lighting

Abstract IN RECENT years investigators studying the effects of light on the domestic fowl have obtained data from which they have concluded that a program of increasing daily photoperiod throughout the laying year would increase the total number of eggs laid. These and other researchers have also obtained data which led them to conclude that a program of light restriction during rearing when combined with a schedule of continuously increasing daylength during the laying period could be used to stimulate the total annual egg production. Lighting studies containing these and other findings have been reviewed by Biellier and Ostmann (1960), Smith and Noles (1963) and Siegel et al. (1963a). From 1959–1962 a study was conducted at the Georgia station to test the hypothesis that increasing the daily photoperiod during the laying year would stimulate total annual egg production. This hypothesis was not accepted (Smith and Noles, 1963). From 1960–1963…
Finite acoustic oscillations and erosive burning in solid fuel rockets.

The acoustic combustion instability of a solid fuel rocket depends vitally on the response of the burning propellant surface to a sound field. The erosive part of this response can be significantly nonlinear at sound amplitudes too low in typical motors for ordinary second-order acoustic nonlinearities to be important. Then moderate amplitude phenomena can be ascribed to erosive nonlinearities, and these can be isolated for analysis. This is done by examining the growth constants of the acoustic modes A previous paper has shown that nonlinear erosion can destabilize axial modes which are linearly stable or can limit linearly unstable ones to moderate amplitudes. That discussion is generalized here, and a unified summary of acoustic erosion contributions to stability is given. Other effects of nonlinear erosivity are then analyzed. It is shown that erosive generation of harmonics can produce considerable waveform distortion of moderate amplitude axial modes. Also, it is found that the nonlinear erosion mechanism can lead to severe oscillations, with consequent sharp mean pressure peaks, at rocket geometries where two acoustic modes are degenerate. This theory of nonlinear erosive interactions of a mode with itself, with its harmonics, and with degenerate modes seems to agree qualitatively with various experimental observations.
NUMERICAL STUDIES OF MANY ELECTRON SYSTEMS

The numerical simulation of many electron systems in condensed matter physics is described. Numerical algorithms are discussed in detail, and results are presented from simulations of the Hubbard model in two and three dimensions.
SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION CALCULATIONS FOR HIGH-BOILING PETROLEUM FRACTIONS USING PROPANE. APPLICATION OF CONTINUOUS THERMODYNAMICS

Supercritical-fluid extraction is a useful process for upgrading heavy multicomponent mixtures such as high-boiling petroleum fractions. Design-oriented calculations are reported for an extraction process using propane to extract intermediate components from a petroleum fraction with molecular weights in the range 150-−500. The composition of the heavy-hydrocarbon mixture is described by two continuous distribution functions of molecular weight, one for paraffinic and one for aromatic components. Process calculations are based on a recently developed thermodynamic framework for mixtures with very many components, coupled with an equation of state of the van der Waals form. Particular attention is given to multicomponent phase equilibria in the retrograde region where solvent recovery is favorable. Quantitative results are given for solvent capacity and selectivity as a function of operating conditions.
On the Absence of Anomalous Singularities in the S‐Matrix Version of the Kohn Variational Principle for Quantum Scattering

Recent calculations by Apagyi, B.; Levay, P.; Ladanyi, K. (Phys. Rev. A, 1988, 37: 4577) have shown that anomalous (i.e., spurious, unphysical) singularities arise in e− + H(1s) scattering calculations using the Schwinger variational principle. It has been known for a long time that such singularities can exist in the K- matrix version of the Kohn variational principle, but this is the first time (to our knowledge) that they have been seen in the Schwinger variational principle. This paper reports the results of calculations for this same problem using the S- matrix version of the Kohn variational principle (Zang, J.Z.H.; Chu, S.I.; Miller, W.H. J. Chem. Phys., 1988, 88: 6233), showing that there are no such anomalous singularities in this approach.
Deep-sea free instrument vehicle

Abstract A number of free instrument vehicles have been designed and tested. These are simple, reliable, inexpensive devices that transport recording instruments or sampling equipment to the deep-sea bottom, or to intermediate depth, and return them to the surface. Vehicles are provided with radar reflectors and other location devices. In the first tests the vehicles bore fish traps and were successfully operated to 2,000 fathoms. Other instruments designed to make use of the free vehicle's unique capabilities are under development.
‘Our Moslem sisters‘: Women of Greater Syria in the eyes of American protestant missionary women

Abstract From the mid‐twentieth century, American Protestant missionary women played a role in attempting to reach their ‘Moslem sisters’ in Greater Syria through the various missionary institutions established in the region. This article examines part of the encounter between these two groups of women — particularly the murky and often ironic nature of the exchange, and how primarily single, Protestant American women focused much of their efforts on training young Arab Muslim women to be good wives and mothers. American Protestant missionary women, in assuming they were ‘uplifting’ the status of Middle Eastern women, were in most respects involved in an attempt to modernize the domestic dimension of the latter's identity and imprint upon it a particular cultural stamp.
Solar-powered aerosol samplers for use with PIXE analysis

Abstract Monitoring of airborne pollutants in pristine areas is often hampered by the lack of electrical power and by difficult site access. Increased concern about effects of acid deposition in remote areas has necessitated development of appropriate sampling and analytical techniques. PIXE analysis of aerosol particles requires small amounts of material; hence samples collected by low flowrate, solar-powered pumps may still be adequate to achieve useful analytical sensitivities. We report on the application of two aerosol samplers, modified for solar-powered, unattended operation, at a 3000 m elevation site in the Sequoia National Park. PIXE detection limits for samples from a solar-powered stacked filter unit (SFU) sampler are compared to a standard SFU. Time-resolved sampling was performed using a single rotating impaction stage sampler (SPASI). Samples were analyzed by PIXE in 8-h increments. Higher concentration pollutants, such as S and K, were observed in these samples. Reduced sampling sensitivity for the SPASI unit (and remote location) precluded observation of lower concentration pollutant metals such as Ni and Pb. These metals were regularly above detection limits in the time-integrated (7 d) SFU samples. The usefulness of time-resolved sampling was shown by relating S and K variations to meteorology and aerosol transport.
Effects of naltrexone on cue-elicited craving for alcohol and cocaine

This study examined the effects of naltrexone (50 mg/day) on mood and self-reported desire for alcohol and cocaine in 26 patients with comorbid alcohol and cocaine abuse/dependence. Two laboratory sessions were conducted, separated by 1 week. During the sessions, subjects viewed 5-min films containing either cocaine, alcohol, or neutral cues. The first session occurred prior to random assignment to medication group and the second session was held after 1 week of double-blind treatment with either naltrexone or placebo. The cocaine-related film induced a greater desire to use cocaine than the desire for alcohol that was induced by the alcohol-related film. This finding was observed using both a simple, one-item analog scale administered during the films and more complex craving questionnaires administered immediately after the films. Collectively, the alcohol and cocaine-related films evoked greater levels of self-reported anxiety and elation, and lower levels of concentration, than the neutral film. Naltrexone did not differ from placebo in reducing the desire to use either cocaine or alcohol.
Colorimetric detection of cyanide with phenyl thiourea derivatives

Abstract Three structurally simple thiourea derivatives 1 – 3 were prepared, and their chromogenic behaviors toward various anions were investigated in aqueous solution. Among them 1 showed good sensitivity and selectivity for cyanide ion and also can distinguish it from other anions by different color changes. Besides that, the receptor 1 has a sensitive detection limit (1.27 μM) for cyanide ion accordingly it can be used as a colorimetric sensor for the determination of cyanide ion. The use of the test strip of sensor 1 to detect cyanide ion was also reported.
Collocated interfacial stress intensity factors for finite bi-material plates

This paper deals with elastic stress intensity factors associated with stress fields near partially debonded interfaces in finite, bi-material plates. Bi-material stress intensity factors K1 and K2 are not associated, respectively, with symmetric and skew-symmetric loading and are functions of an arbitrary length parameter. Any fracture condition involving bi-material stress intensity factors must be independent of the arbitrary length parameter and must be consistent with experiment. We define a new parameter called the interfacial stress intensity factor which satisfies the former condition. A truncated Williams power series stress function for stresses in a cracked bi-material plate, as modified by Sih and Rice, is used with a modified boundary collocation procedure to generate interfacial stress intensity factors for finite bi-material plates.
Pyloric stenosis: Postoperative roentgen studies and their clinical significance

Summary Twenty infants were studied radiographically following successful pyloromyotomy for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Although the gastric emptying time was improved, all showed persistent narrowing of the pyloric canal. Since the postoperative roentgen appearance may not differ appreciably from the preoperative appearance, the decision to perform a second pyloromyotomy should never be based on roentgen findings alone.
Characterization of human microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzymes.

Cytochrome P-4501 enzymes catalyze the oxidation of a wide variety of drugs, pesticides, carcinogens, toxicants, pollutants, and ingested natural products as well as endogenous compounds such as steroids, fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and eicosanoids (2, 3, 7). These reactions may be grouped into the categories of carbon hydroxylation, heteroatom oxygenation, heteroatom release, dehydrogenation, epoxidation, oxidative group transfer, and some other reactions that result in enzyme inactivation (3, 8). P-450s are also known to catalyze some reductive reactions. The oxidative reactions can be understood in the context of abstraction of hydrogen atoms or non-bonded or 7T electrons from the substrate by hypervalent iron (formally Fe03+) and radical recombination. The reductive reactions, studied less exhaustively, involve electron transfer via a ferrous/ferric couple. The basic chemistry involved in the various reactions (oxidative or reductive) is probably relative-
Optimization of RF linearity in DG-MOSFETs

RF linearity of double-gate (DG) MOSFETs is investigated using accurate two-dimensional simulations. It is shown that the asymmetric DG-MOSFET is more linear than the symmetric counterpart and that DG-MOSFET linearity can be improved by a careful optimization of channel thickness, nonuniform doping profile and gate work function. For optimum linearity, a nonuniform doping profile and a thick (/spl sim/20 nm) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layer is required. An intuitive description of this optimization is presented.
Copula Models of Correlation: A DRAM Case Study

Variable bit retention time observed in a 65-nm dynamic random access memory (DRAM) case study will cause miscorrelation between retention times occurring in Test and Use. Conventional multivariate normal statistics cannot adequately model this miscorrelation. A more general copula-based modeling approach, widely used in financial and actuarial modeling, solves this problem. The DRAM case study shows by example how to use copula models in test applications. The method includes acquiring data using a test vehicle, fitting the data to a copula-based statistical model, and then using the model to compute producer- and customer-oriented figures of merit of a product, different from the test vehicle. Different array sizes, fault tolerance schemes, test coverage, end-use (datasheet), and test condition specifications of the product are modeled.
An in‐service program in speech for the public schools

How can the teachers in the public schools get adequate speech training to bring to their classrooms? The University of Washington plan of in‐service instruction is one solution.
Pediatric Ocular Emergencies

There are few ocular emergencies that are unique to the pediatric patient. Most ocular emergencies are traumatic in origin, and the prognosis is often determined by the extent of the injury. Some congenital anomalies that may present as ocular emergencies are also discussed. The focus of this article is recognition and initial therapy for the more common pediatric ocular emergencies.
Continuous-wave fiber optical parametric amplifier with 60-dB gain using a novel two-segment design

We have obtained 60 dB of internal (ON-OFF) gain with a continuous-wave fiber optical parametric amplifier by using an isolator between two fiber segments to increase the pump stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold. Subdecibel penalties were measured for transmission of 10-Gb/s signals, with 35 dB of gain.
In vitro simulation of contact fatigue damage found in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene components of knee prostheses

AbstractAn in vitro simulation of fatigue loading of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) knee components was carried out on a knee simulator and on a rolling and sliding wear tester. Tibial components for the knee simulator were gamma-sterilized, implantable components taken from manufacturing inventory. The rolling/sliding UHMWPE discs were machined from bar stock and either gamma sterilized in air and accelerated aged, or left as non-sterilized (controls).Cracking and delamination of samples that had been gamma sterilized in air and aged were observed in both types of tests. Contact fatigue damage was visible in as few as 150 000 cycles using the knee simulator at loads of 122 N (275 lb). The rolling/sliding samples showed signs of damage in as few as 130 000 cycles with an estimated stress of 15 MPa and 25 per cent sliding. However, cracking and delamination were not generated in the never-sterilized or recently sterilized controls. UHMWPE that has been gamma sterilized in air and aged is...
Cut-off frequency enhanced hybrid electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures with wideband noise suppression characteristics

A cut-off frequency characteristic enhanced hybrid EBG structure is proposed. In the proposed EBG structure, inductive bridges between neighboring metal patches are designed using lumped chip inductors instead of conventional microstrip lines. From 75 MHz to 4830 MHz a stopband bandwidth of 4.755 GHz is achieved at a -30 dB noise suppression level.
Men and milestones in optics. VI: The rise of infrared spectroscopyin the U.S.A. to World War II

This survey reviews the rise of ir spectroscopy in the United States from about 1845 to about 1941 in terms of the discoveries and activities of the individuals who contributed importantly to this field. Generally speaking, the emphasis is on molecular, rather than atomic, spectra and on experimentation, rather than theory. The presentation is chronological with respect to the birth dates of the contributors, and a limited amount of biographical material is included for some of them. Some quantitative information about the institutions where ir spectroscopy was carried on, and for the journals in which the results appeared, is appended.
An aquaculture‐based method for calibrated bivalve isotope paleothermometry

To quantify species-specific relationships between bivalve carbonate isotope geochemistry (δ18Oc) and water conditions (temperature and salinity, related to water isotopic composition [δ18Ow]), an aquaculture-based methodology was developed and applied to Mytilus edulis (blue mussel). The four-by-three factorial design consisted of four circulating temperature baths (7, 11, 15, and 19°C) and three salinity ranges (23, 28, and 32 parts per thousand (ppt); monitored for δ18Ow weekly). In mid-July of 2003, 4800 juvenile mussels were collected in Salt Bay, Damariscotta, Maine, and were placed in each configuration. The size distribution of harvested mussels, based on 105 specimens, ranged from 10.9 mm to 29.5 mm with a mean size of 19.8 mm. The mussels were grown in controlled conditions for up to 8.5 months, and a paleotemperature relationship based on juvenile M. edulis from Maine was developed from animals harvested at months 4, 5, and 8.5. This relationship [T°C = 16.19 (±0.14) − 4.69 (±0.21) {δ18Oc VPBD − δ18Ow VSMOW} + 0.17 (±0.13) {δ18Oc VPBD − δ18Ow VSMOW}2; r2 = 0.99; N = 105; P < 0.0001] is nearly identical to the Kim and O'Neil (1997) abiogenic calcite equation over the entire temperature range (7–19°C), and it closely resembles the commonly used paleotemperature equations of Epstein et al. (1953) and Horibe and Oba (1972). Further, the comparison of the M. edulis paleotemperature equation with the Kim and O'Neil (1997) equilibrium-based equation indicates that M. edulis specimens used in this study precipitated their shell in isotopic equilibrium with ambient water within the experimental uncertainties of both studies. The aquaculture-based methodology described here allows similar species-specific isotope paleothermometer calibrations to be performed with other bivalve species and thus provides improved quantitative paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
An integrated tool for analog test generation and fault simulation

High levels of design integration and increasing number of analog blocks within a system necessitate automated system-level analog test generation and fault simulation tools. We outline a methodology and toolset for specification-based automated test generation and fault simulation for analog circuits. Test generation is targeted at providing the highest coverage for each specified parameter. The flexibility of assigning analog test attributes is utilized for merging tests leading to test time reduction with no loss in test coverage. Further optimization in test time is obtained through fault simulations by selecting tests that provide adequate coverage in terms of several components and dropping the ones that do not provide additional coverage. The generated test set, fault and yield coverages in terms of each targeted parameter, and testability problems are reported by the tool.
An Assessment of the Accuracy of the Deep Space Network Extragalactic Reference Frame

The Deep Space Network (DSN) Radio Reference Frame consists of a catalog of angular positions for 281 extragalactic radio sources based on VLBI measurements made during the period from 1978 to 1992. A realistic assessment of the accuracy of these source position estimates must consider both modeled stochastic errors and systematic model deficiencies. Modeled stochastic errors include thermal noise (signal-to-noise ratio) and fluctuations in tropospheric refractivity due to the changing distribution of water vapor. These modeled errors result in a median formal position uncertainty of ≈0.3 milliarcseconds (mas). In particular, we examine the effect of changing the model for inter-observation correlations of water vapor fluctuations on estimated parameters. Next, a comparison of our radio source positions with independently determined positions is presented as evidence of systematic errors at ≤ 0.5 mas. We discuss several aspects of VLBI model accuracy focussing on tidal effects, antenna thermal expansion, pressure loading, source structure, precession and nutation. Prospects for reducing these errors are also discussed. We conclude by combining these estimates of modeled stochastic errors and systematic errors into an overall assessment of < 1.0 mas for the current accuracy of the DSN extragalactic radio frame.
Categorizing Freeway Flow Conditions by Using Clustering Methods

Three pattern recognition methods were applied to classify freeway traffic flow conditions on the basis of flow characteristics. The methods are K-means, fuzzy C-means, and CLARA (clustering large applications), which fall into the category of unsupervised learning and require the least amount of knowledge about the data set. The classification results from the three clustering methods were compared with the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) level-of-service criteria. Through this process, the best clustering method consistent with the HCM classification was identified. Clustering methods were then used to further categorize oversaturated flow conditions to supplement the HCM classification. The clustering results supported the HCM's density-based level-of-service criterion for uncongested flow. In addition, the methods provide a means of reasonably categorizing oversaturated flow conditions, which the HCM is currently unable to do.
Globalization in Southeast Asia

The authors attempt to accomplish four interrelated tasks in this article: (1) to develop a plausible and defensible approach to studying globalization; (2) to define Southeast Asia; (3) to delimit and historicize the globalization process in Southeast Asia; and (4) to describe and analyze the economic performance of Southeast Asia over the past 30 years or so, paying particular attention to the region before, during, and after the events of 1997.
Epithelial Sodium Channels Regulate Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channels in XenopusOocytes

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), in addition to its well defined Cl− channel properties, regulates other ion channels. CFTR inhibits epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) currents in many epithelial and nonepithelial cells. Because modulation of net NaCl reabsorption has important implications in extracellular fluid volume homeostasis and airway fluid volume and composition, we investigated whether this regulation was reciprocal by examining whether ENaC regulates CFTR. Co-expression of human (h) CFTR and mouse (m) αβγENaC in Xenopus oocytes resulted in a significant, 3.7-fold increase in whole-cell hCFTR Cl−conductance compared with oocytes expressing hCFTR alone. The forskolin/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine-stimulated whole-cell conductance in hCFTR-mENaC co-injected oocytes was amiloride-insensitive, indicating an inhibition of mENaC following hCFTR activation, and it was blocked by DPC (diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid) and was DIDS (4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid)-insensitive. Enhanced hCFTR Cl− conductance was also observed when either the α- or β-subunit of mENaC was co-expressed with hCFTR, but this was not seen when CFTR was co-expressed with the γ-subunit of mENaC. Single Cl− channel analyses showed that both CFTR Cl− channel open probability and the number of CFTR Cl− channels detected per patch increased when hCFTR was co-expressed with αβγmENaC. We conclude that in addition to acting as a regulator of ENaC, CFTR activity is regulated by ENaC.
Biosorption of dye from textile wastewater effluent onto alkali treated dried sunflower seed hull and design of a batch adsorber

Abstract Alkali treated dried sunflower seed hull (DSSH) was used as adsorbent for the decolorization of wastewater effluent from the textile industry. Batch adsorption studies were performed as a function of contact time, initial solution pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature. Kinetic analysis revealed that adsorption experimental data was best fitted by pseudo-second order model at all textile dye concentrations tested. Based on the pseudo-second order rate constants obtained using Arrhenius and Eyring equations, the activation parameters for the formation of activated complex between Textile dye molecules and dried sunflower seed hull were determined: namely the activation energy (8.79 kJ/mol), the change of entropy (−39.57 kJ/mol/K), enthalpy (8.79 kJ/mol), and Gibbs free energy (range 6.27–8.11 kJ/mol). The equilibrium adsorption data was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model and maximum monolayer capacity was found to be 169.5 mg/g at 25 °C. The Langmuir isotherm model was applied to the design of a single-stage adsorber. From the thermodynamics analysis the magnitude of enthalpy change (ΔH) was found to be 8.79 kJ/mol; indicating that physical forces were involved in biosorption of dye onto DSSH.
Frameless Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Stereotactic radiosurgery combines stereotactic localization with multiple cross-fired beams from a highly collimated high-energy radiation source. Over the last three decades, this method of noninvasive ablation has proven to be an effective alternative to conventional neurosurgery, cranial irradiation, and brachytherapy, for selected small cranial tumors and arteriovenous malformations. Current stereotactic techniques rely on a rigid frame fixed to the patienti¯s skull for head immobilization and target localization. However, such a frame-based system results in numerous constraints which limit treatment options. Frameless stereotactic radiosurgery was conceived as a method to overcome these limitations of conventional systems.
Subharmonic Bifurcation Route to Chaos in Asymmetric External Cavity Semiconductor Lasers

Complex dynamics and chaos in nonlinear optical systems are of considerable theoretical and practical interest.1–4 Semiconductor lasers, which are used extensively in optical communication and data storage, are especially appropriate vehicles for studying complex dynamics. Chaotic behavior in semiconductor laser systems has been induced by gain modulation,5,6 external light injection,7 and coherent optical feedback.8–11 Some of the most interesting phenomena have occurred in high feedback external cavity semiconductor lasers with deliberately induced tilt asymmetries.9–14 Previously, we have observed nearly sinusoidal pulsations and have explained the effects of mirror tilt, injection current, and external cavity length on the self-pulsation frequency using small signal analysis.15 In this paper, we report experimental observation and theoretical analysis of subharmonic bifurcation routes to chaos associated with these self-pulsations.
Finding Efficiency in the Design of Large Multisite Evaluations: Estimating Variances for Science Achievement Studies.

Little is known empirically about intraclass correlations (ICCs) for multisite cluster randomized trial (MSCRT) designs, particularly in science education. In this study, ICCs suitable for science achievement studies using a three-level (students in schools in districts) MSCRT design that block on district are estimated and examined. Estimates of ICCs, by district, are computed for unconditional two-level (students in schools) hierarchical linear models using student-level science achievement raw scores as measured by the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills in 2010–2011 for Grades 5, 8, 10, and 11. The average within-district ICCs for MSCRTs of science achievement range from 0.0781 to 0.0982 across grades. For Grade 5, a significant difference is found in the ICC estimate suitable for MSCRTs with many districts versus only a few districts. Consequently, evaluators of science education interventions should exhibit care when selecting ICC estimates for three-level MSCRT designs that block on district.
Abstract IA16: Mechanisms of resistance to mTOR inhibitors in leukemia and lymphoma

Targeting mTOR signaling is a promising approach for treating blood cancers. We reported that mTOR kinase inhibitors, including PP242 and MLN0128, synergize with ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to cause cell cycle arrest and death in acute leukemia cells driven by BCR-ABL. mTOR kinase inhibitors are more effective than rapamycin in these models and have minimal effects on normal hematopoietic cells and immune responses at anti-leukemic doses. Ongoing studies indicate that mTOR kinase inhibitors are immunosuppressive at slightly higher concentrations. Moreover, the compounds are generally not cytotoxic as single agents in leukemia or lymphoma models. These findings emphasize the need for rational combinations to unleash the therapeutic potential of mTOR kinase inhibitors. To this end, we have tested various classes of anti-cancer agents guided by gene expression and proteomic data. Our data reveal synergies between mTOR kinase inhibitors with histone deacetylase inhibitors in B-ALL, and with BCL2 antagonists in DLBCL. Unexpectedly, mTOR kinase inhibitors protect B-ALL cells from methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine, chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of B-ALL patients. ABL TKIs can also protect B-ALL cells from methotrexate by inhibiting downstream mTOR signaling. Together these studies identify potential applications and limitations of mTOR-targeted therapy in blood cancers. Citation Format: Thanh-Trang Vo, Jong-Hoon Scott Lee, Lomon So, Brandon Beagle, Matthew R. Janes, David A. Fruman. Mechanisms of resistance to mTOR inhibitors in leukemia and lymphoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Targeting the PI3K-mTOR Network in Cancer; Sep 14-17, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Incorporating Value-Driven Design into the Visualization of Design Spaces Using Contextual Self-Organizing Maps: A Case Study of Satellite Design

This paper presents case study of satellite design using a new method to view ndimensional design or optimization data using a contextual self-organizing map. The technique allows n-dimensional data to be trained without dimensionality reduction or other “compression”. A designer can view similar design points in a true n-dimensional manner. Prior work in visual design space exploration using contextual self-organizing maps is extended through the incorporation of designer preferences using techniques founded in value-driven design. Standard techniques of the self-organizing map are used to group the ndimensional design space into discrete clusters of similar characteristics through neural network-based topological ordering. Techniques from prior work are used to present the designer with a visual display encapsulating statistical qualities of value held within the ndimensional design space. A case study involving a satellite design problem is presented and results compared with recent findings in value-driven design and traditional methods of design optimization. Initial results show unique potential of the combined methods to develop an understanding of the design space topology and to select promising areas of a design space for detailed analysis.
Food and aeroallergens in eosinophilic esophagitis: role of the allergist in patient management.

Purpose of review Eosinophilic esophagitis is a clinicopathologic disease of increasing worldwide prevalence that is commonly triggered by food antigens. The management and understanding of all of the atopic diseases affecting an individual patient is very likely to be important for successful long-term EoE management, and food allergy testing and management can be complex. This review covers the role of the allergist in EoE with a focus on the literature from the past 2 years.
Compensation of depolarization loss in solid-state lasers

The depolarization loss induced by heat generated in solid-state lasers was described.Then a new oscillator to compensate depolarization loss was introduced to eliminate influence on the laser output because of the depolarization.No evident change of laser shape or energy per pulse was observed along with changing repetition frequency from 20Hz to 50Hz.At 50Hz with 9.6J injection electrical energy,111.24mJ@1064nm dynamic output was obtained,the electric-optic efficiency reached 1.16% with stabilization of ±1.85%.Good compensation can be seen evidently with this new configure.
Diagnosis of Airway Foreign Body with 64-Slice Spiral CT in Children

Objective To explore the clinical value of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of airway foreign body in children. Methods Forty-one children with suspected airway foreign body underwent 64-slice spiral CT scan.Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques included multiplanar reconstruction,volumn rendering and CT virtual endoscopy.CT results were compared with bronchofiberscopic findings. Results CT scan showed airway foreign body in all children,which was confirmed by bronchofibroscopy.Among the 41 cases,purulent sputum was extracted in 2,and foreign body in 39(3 cases of tracheal foreign body,20 cases of left bronchial foreign body and 16 cases of right bronchial foreign body). Conclusion Sixty-four-slice spiral CT has obvious advantage and important clinical value in the diagnosis of airway foreign body in children.
Observations on 100 patients with continuous intraoperative monitoring of intramyocardial pH. The adverse effects of ventricular fibrillation and reperfusion.

Intramyocardial pH and temperature data recorded in 100 patients undergoing cardiac operations were analyzed to elucidate the effects of ventricular fibrillation and reflow. All patients underwent a single period of aortic clamping. Systemic hypothermia (25° C) and intermittent cold crystalloid K+ cardioplegia were employed for myocardial protection. Baseline myocardial pH was 6.88 ± 0.03 at a temperature of 36.5° ± 0.2° C. During the period of hypothermic ventricular fibrillation prior to aortic clamping, ventricular fibrillation did not affect myocardial pH in 45 patients (Group 1). In 21 patients (Group 2), it caused a significant drop in intramyocardial pH despite cooling. Group 2 patients had a higher incidence of valvular heart disease and left ventricular hypertrophy. They also exhibited low intramyocardial pH values during the subsequent periods of aortic clamping and reflow, indicating inadequate myocardial protection. During the period of reflow, reperfusion acidosis (pH
Extraction and Antibacterial Properties of Thyme Leaf Extracts: Authentic Practice of Green Chemistry

In this undergraduate analytical chemistry experiment, students quantitatively assess the antibacterial activity of essential oils found in thyme leaves (Thymus vulgaris) in an authentic, research-like environment. This multiweek experiment aims to instill green chemistry principles as intrinsic to chemical problem solving. Students progress through various techniques including extraction, chromatography (TLC and HPLC), culturing bacteria, and disk diffusion via a process of guided exploration that emphasizes green experimental design. Approximately 600 undergraduate students carried out the experiment and self-reported substantial learning gains.
Matthew Arnold (1822–88)

The publishing firm of Macmillan invited Matthew Arnold (January 1877) to serve as editor of an anthology of selected poems by Wordsworth, largely because Arnold’s admiration of the poet was both well established and well known to his friends. Arnold responded wholeheartedly to the challenge, and immediately set to work. After a momentary period of inactivity (1878) he returned to the double task of winnowing Wordsworth’s better poems from an oeuvre containing much that he believed to be inferior creative work, and writing a Preface that would make a convincing case for the continuing importance of Wordsworth’s contribution to English literature.
A poroelastic finite element model of the bone-cartilage unit to determine the effects of changes in permeability with osteoarthritis.

AbstractThe changes experienced in synovial joints with osteoarthritis involve coupled chemical, biological, and mechanical processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of increasing permeability in articular cartilage (AC), calcified cartilage (CC), subchondral cortical bone (SCB), and subchondral trabecular bone (STB) as observed with osteoarthritis. Two poroelastic finite element models were developed using a depth-dependent anisotropic model of AC with strain-dependent permeability and poroelastic models of calcified tissues (CC, SCB, and STB). The first model simulated a bone-cartilage unit (BCU) in uniaxial unconfined compression, while the second model simulated spherical indentation of the AC surface. Results indicate that the permeability of AC is the primary determinant of the BCU’s poromechanical response while the permeability of calcified tissues exerts no appreciable effect on the force-indentation response of the BCU. In spherical indentation simulations with osteoar...
Why Is Reading Failure Both a Psychological and an Educational Problem

A group-centered prevention program, Camp Sharigan provides a supportive learning and counseling atmosphere to help reduce stress and alleviate fears. Researchers have shown that reading instruction is actually more effective when it is combined with counseling. Camp Sharigan combines learning and counseling to provide an effective way to teach children to read. Groups work better than one-on-one tutoring. Groups are therapeutic because they create their own environment. Being able to work with others in a positive, cohesive, structured group environment helps students who are struggling in reading. When children have trouble learning to read and are faced with the embarrassment of failing in the classroom in front of their peers, the pain, the rejection, and the negative sense of failure, become deep-seated and eventually part of the developmental process. It is very hard to erase pain and failure. We cannot go back and erase what happened in the classroom, but we can generate hope by helping children rebuild their self-efficacy (belief that they can actually learn to read) while creating a motivational environment that encourages children to try again. This is why vowel clustering and the step system works so well at Camp Sharigan.
HDG Methods for Hyperbolic Problems

Abstract We give a short overview of the development of the so-called hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin methods for hyperbolic problems. We describe the methods, discuss their main features and display numerical results which illustrate their performance. We do this in the framework of wave propagation problems. In particular, we show that these methods are amenable to static condensation, and hence to efficient implementation, both for time-dependent (with implicit time-marching schemes) and for time-harmonic problems; we also show that they can be used with explicit time-marching schemes. We discuss an unexpected, recently uncovered superconvergence property and introduce a new postprocessing for time-harmonic Maxwell's equations. We end by providing bibliographical notes.