cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct determination of the thickness of stratospheric layers from single-channel satellite radiance measurements.

The direct use of measured radiances for determining the thickness of stratospheric layers is investigated. Layers based at 100-10 mb, with upper boundaries at 10-0.5 mb, are investigated using a carefully selected family of stratospheric temperature profiles and computed radiances. On the basis of physical reasoning, a high correlation of thickness with radiance is anticipated for deep layers, such as the 100- to 2-mb layer (from about 15 to 43 km), that emit a substantial part of the infrared energy reaching a satellite radiometer in a particular channel. Empirical regression curves relating thickness and radiance are developed and are compared with blackbody curves obtained by substituting the blackbody temperature in the hydrostatic equation. Maximum thickness-radiance correlation is found, for each infrared channel, for the layer having the best agreement of empirical and blackbody curves.
Is immigrant neighborhood inequality less pronounced in suburban areas

Abstract We investigate suburbanization and neighborhood inequality among 14 immigrant groups using census tract data from the 2008–2012 American Community Survey. Immigrant neighborhood inequality is defined here as the degree to which immigrants reside in neighborhoods that are poorer than the neighborhoods in which native whites reside. Using city and suburb Gini coefficients which reflect the distributions of groups across neighborhoods with varying poverty rates, we find that the immigrant-white gap is attenuated in the suburbs. This finding applies to most of the nativity groups and remains after accounting for metropolitan context, the segregation of poverty, and group-specific segregation levels, poverty rates, and acculturation characteristics. Despite reduced neighborhood inequality in the suburbs, large group differences persist. A few immigrant groups achieve residential parity or better vis-a-vis suburban whites while others experience high levels of neighborhood inequality and receive marginal residential returns on suburban location.
Evidence on Defined Contribution Health and Retirement Benefits: The Road Ahead

For more than a quarter-century now, most private-sector American workers who have a retirement plan at work have funded it primarily through their own contributions -- and do not have a traditional pension funded exclusively by the employer. Various new retirement policy proposals could go in opposite directions: encourage greater participation in retirement plans (such as with auto-IRAs), change employee 401(k) contributions through a “stretch match” (to increase account balances) -- or possibly even cut federal tax incentives for workplace retirement plans. While the majority of private-sector health benefit costs historically have been paid by employers, that may be starting to change with the advent of “defined contribution” health plans that cap employers’ health costs. While there are similarities between “defined contribution” retirement and health, there are also significant differences, and there are pros and cons for both employers and their workers. And at least with the advent of private health exchanges, there is often confusion about what the term actually means. These trends have major implications for the American work force, the U.S. health care system, and even economic security in the nation. To explore these issues, the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI) held its 76th policy forum in Washington, DC, on May 14, 2015, on the future of defined contribution health and retirement plans. Experts from a cross-section of employers, nonprofits, consulting firms, think-tanks and trade associations shared their observations and experiences with “DC benefits” with both health and retirement plans, and what “The Road Ahead” looks like. This paper summarizes the presentations and discussions put forth at the policy forum.
Studying electron-PAG interactions using electron-induced fluorescence

In extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, 92 eV photons are used to expose photoresists. Typical EUV resists are organic-based and chemically amplified using photoacid generators (PAGs). Upon exposure, PAGs produce acids which catalyze reactions that result in changes in solubility. In EUV lithography, photo- and secondary electrons (energies of 10- 80 eV) play a large role in PAG acid-production. Several mechanisms for electron-PAG interactions (e.g. electron trapping, and hole-initiated chemistry) have been proposed. The aim of this study is to explore another mechanism – internal excitation – in which a bound PAG electron can be excited by receiving energy from another energetic electron, causing a reaction that produces acid. This paper explores the mechanism of internal excitation through the analogous process of electron-induced fluorescence, in which an electron loses energy by transferring that energy to a molecule and that molecule emits a photon rather than decomposing. We will show and quantify electron-induced fluorescence of several fluorophores in polymer films to mimic resist materials, and use this information to refine our proposed mechanism. Relationships between the molecular structure of fluorophores and fluorescent quantum yield may aid in the development of novel PAGs for EUV lithography.
"Schizophrenia past clozapine": reasons for clozapine discontinuation, mortality, and alternative antipsychotic prescribing.

Introduction: The clinical records of 190 patients with schizophrenia who discontinued clozapine between 1990 and 2012 in the county of Northamptonshire were examined, in an attempt to answer the following questions. Why do patients stop clozapine? What do physicians prescribe as an alternative? What is the mortality in this patient group? Methods: Patients’ data were extracted using their electronic records, then analysed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Non-compliance with treatment, or with the mandatory white blood cell monitoring, was the most common reason (55.3%) for clozapine cessation, followed by neutropaenia and other adverse effects (25.2%). Death (mean age 48 years) was the third most common reason (10%), with respiratory infections accounting for more than a quarter of the deaths. 13% of the patients had died (mean age 49 years) at some point following clozapine discontinuation. In terms of the alternative antipsychotic prescribing, olanzapine was the most commonly prescribed (37.1%) drug in patients who were still under the care of the local psychiatric service (n=121), at the time of data extraction. Clozapine had been reinstated in 19% of these patients. Discussion: Our findings are generally consistent with previous studies, and they demonstrate the need for physicians to address their patients’ concerns regarding clozapine treatment, and to effectively manage any adverse effects. Sialorrhea and constipation seem to be particularly of concern, as they may be linked to clozapine– related mortality. Olanzapine was the most commonly prescribed alternative to clozapine, which suggests that it may possibly have a role in refractory schizophrenia.
Potential Chemosterilants for Boll Weevils

Methanesulfonates, nitrogen mustards, aziridines, phosphoramides, s -triazines, and miscellaneous chemicals were evaluated for chemosterilant activity by feeding them to male boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. Sterility without mortality was induced by busulfan (ENT 25012) (1,4-butanediol, dimethanesulfonate); ENT 51904 (1,3-propanediol, dimethanesulfonate), chlorambucil (ENT 26083) (4{ p -[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}-butyric acid); ENT 51007 ( N, N, N', N' -tetramethyl- p -piperidino-phosphonic diamide); and several aziridines, the most promising being the cyclic diester of pentaerythritol and 1-aziridinylphosphonic acid.
Abstract P2-14-08: Patient Perspectives on Information Communicated Regarding Effects of Treatment on Fertility

Background: Many breast cancer survivors diagnosed during their reproductive years desire to have children after treatment and are distressed about the possibility of treatment-induced infertility. Informing patients about fertility preservation options before therapy may optimize quality of life after treatment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the information patients received about effects of therapy on fertility, early menopause, and fertility preservation options. Methods: An IRB approved cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate patient perceptions of the impact of treatment on fertility and early menopause. The survey was developed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) for patients ages 18-45, with items derived from existing surveys in the literature and input from a multidisciplinary committee. We evaluated two groups of patients, one who had completed treatment and the other who was currently undergoing therapy. Surveys were mailed to 395 women who began treatment (all modalities) for breast cancer at MSKCC between 7/1/07 and 6/30/08. A second cohort of patients (n=35) completed surveys during patient visits to breast cancer medicine ambulatory clinics between 3/22/2010 and 4/8/2010. Results: The survey was completed by 159 pts. (129/395 and 30/35). At the time of diagnosis, 69% (110/159) had children and 45% (70/156) were interested in having children. 79% (123/155) reported that the impact of treatment on fertility was discussed with them before initiating therapy. A healthcare provider initiated the discussion 54% (83/155) of the time. However, only 35% (54/152) and 47% (71/150) of women felt they received an adequate amount of information about the effect of cancer treatment on fertility and menopause, respectively. Based on their ranking, patients preferred to receive fertility information in person either from their physician or a fertility specialist, or through written material. After treatment, 5 patients attempted pregnancy (7 naturally, 1 with assisted technology), yielding 8 live births. Conclusions: Many breast cancer survivors wish to have children after treatment. To optimize success, patients should be adequately informed about the effects of therapy on fertility, early menopause, and options for fertility preservation. These findings are informing an institution-wide fertility program. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-14-08.
Effect of chromatotrophic hormone on pigments of anuran skin.

SummaryChromatographic analyses of anuran skin extracts indicate that guanine is indeed the pigment of the guanophore. The guanine level is controlled by the chromatotrophic hormone, CTH. This hormone also stimulates the formation of the fluorescent pterins of the skin.
Surveillance on Schistosomiasis in Zhiqi Village,Renshou County From 2005 to 2008

Objective To research the dynamic endemic situation,so as to provide evidence for policy-making and evaluation of schistosomiasis control.Method According to the national scheme of schistosomiasis surveillance,the endemic situation of schistosomiasis was monitored in national schistosomiasis surveillance site in Zhiqi Village in Renshou County.Result Three and six schistosomiasis cases were found in 2005 and 2006,and the human infection rates were 0.53%,1.17% respectively.Schistosomiasis case was not detected in 2007 and 2008.In 2005,only two positive cattle were found.The areas of snail habitats,the occurrence rate of snail frame number,and the average density of living snail were decreasing annually.Conclusion The overall endemic situation in the surveillance site reveals a downward trend,but great attention should be paid to the residual snails.
Preflight Variables Are Associated With Increased Ventilator Days and 30-Day Mortality in Trauma Casualties Evacuated by Critical Care Air Transport Teams: An Exploratory Retrospective Study.

ABSTRACT Background: There are no tools to predict outcomes in the U.S. Air Force Critical Care Air Transport Team (CCATT) trauma patients. The objective of this study was to identify associations between preflight variables and outcomes that could assist planning of ongoing critical care. Methods: This Institutional Review Board approved retrospective study included all patients evacuated from Afghanistan by CCATT between 2007 and 2011. Preflight variables were assessed for associations and examined in logistic regression models. Ventilator time over 72 hours, and 30-day mortality were the primary and secondary outcomes respectively. Results: 1,308 trauma patients (24 years, 98% male) were included; 72% blast. Injury severity score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04 [1.03–1.06]), preflight packed red blood cell units transfused (OR = 1.05 [1.04–1.07]), and preflight intubated status (OR = 11.9 [8.53–16.89]) were independently associated with increased ventilator days; a composite produced an area under the curve of...
Follow-up studies on status of carrying N. meningitidis in a given group of healthy people

Objective:To investigate the status of carrying N.meningitidis in a given group of healthy people,and to determine the impacting factors status.Methods:With the "new bovine serum and two antibiotics medium",collecting samples with pharynx mop,to detect N.meningitidis in the pharynx of a given group of healthy people.On the same time,collecting the blood samples of the same people to detect the antibody for killing N.meningitidis.Results:In 50 persons of the given group,tested for 4 times,the total rate of carrier for N.meningitidis was 28%,46.94%,44.81%,38.10% respectively(Fisher′s exact P=0.163).The rate of carrier for N.meningitidis group A+B+C was 16%,28.57%,12.77%,7.14% respectively(Fisher′s exact P=0.039).The detected strains of N.meningitidis belonged to A,B,C groups and undefined group.The strains of all groups could be detected in different seasons.Most of the persons(55.2%) might have carried N.meningitidis for 3-6 months.The antibody for killing N.meningitidis in the carrier was positive for some persons,while could be negtive for some other persons.Conclusion:In a quitely long phases,the total rate of carrier was quitely stable in the given group of healthy people.The A,B,C groups of causing disease is balanced with the undefined group of non causing disease.
Multi-agent Visibility-Based Target Tracking Game

In this paper, we address the problem of visibility-based target tracking for a team of mobile observers trying to track a team of mobile targets. Based on the results of previous work, the notion of pursuit fields around a single corner is introduced. We use the pursuit fields to generate navigation strategies for a single observer to track a single target in general environments. In order to tackle the case when more than one observer or target is present in the environment, we propose a two level hierarchical approach. At the upper level, the team of observers use a ranking and aggregation technique for allocating each target to an observer. At the lower level, each observer computes its navigation strategy based on the results of the single observer-single target problem, thereby, decomposing a large multi-agent problem into several 2-agent problems. Finally, we present a scalable algorithm that can accommodate an arbitrary number of observers and targets. The performance of this algorithm is evaluated based on simulation and implementation.
Controls and Art: Inquiries at the Intersection of the Subjective and the Objective

Dancing humanoids, robotic art installations, and music generated by mathematically precise methods are no longer science fiction; in fact they are the subject of this book. This first-of-its-kind anthology assembles technical research that makes such creations possible. In order to mechanize something as enigmatic and personal as dance, researchers must delve deeply into two distinct academic disciplines: control theory and art.Broadly, this research uses techniques from the world of art to inspire methods in control, enables artistic endeavours using advanced control theory and aids in the analysis of art using metrics devised by a systems theoretic approach.To ensure that artistic influences are well represented, the individual chapters are focused so that they relate their contribution to the arts meaningfully and explicitly. Specially composed introductions set up the contributions either in terms of inspiration by artistic principles or their contribution to the arts through new analysis tools. To facilitate this, the majority of the chapters are authored jointly by experts in control theory and by artists, including dancers, choreographers, puppeteers and painters. Connections between controls and art then permeate the text so that these important relationships play a central role in the book.Controls and Art surveys current projects in this areaincluding a disco dancing robot, a reactive museum exhibit and otherworldly musicand illuminates open problems and topics for research in this emerging interdisciplinary field. It will draw attention both from experts in robotics and control interested in developing the artistic side of their creations and from academics studying dance, theater, music and the visual arts with an interest in avant-garde means of production.
Using an inexpensive color sensor for rapid assessment of soil organic carbon

Abstract Quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for soil management, precision agriculture, soil mapping and carbon dynamics research. Inexpensive sensor technologies offer the potential for rapid quantification of SOC in laboratory samples as well as in the field. The objective of this study was to use a commercially-available color sensor to develop SOC prediction models for both dry and moist soils from the Piedmont region of South Carolina. Thirty-one soil samples were analyzed for lightness to darkness, redness to greenness, and yellowness to blueness (CIEL*a*b*) color using a Nix Pro™ color sensor. Soil color was measured under both dry and moist soil conditions and the depth of each soil sample was also recorded. Using L*, a*, b* and soil depth for each sample as initial predictors, regression analyses were conducted to develop SOC prediction models for dry and moist soils. The resulting residual plots, root mean squared errors (RMSE), and coefficients of determination (R2) were used to assess model fits for predicting the SOC content of soil. Cross validation was conducted to determine the efficiency of the predictive models and the mean squared prediction error (MSPE) was calculated. The final models included soil depth, L*, and a* as independent variables (dry soils R2 = 0.7978 and MSPE = 0.0819, moist soils R2 = 0.7254 and MSPE = 0.1536). The results suggest that soil color sensors have potential for rapid SOC determination, and soil depth and color are useful in predicting SOC content in soils.
Novel Si drift detectors arrays with customer-design, low current (low heat, low power) spiral biasing adapter and double-metal interconnections

A novel Si drift detector (SDD) array (array size: NxM) using a customer-design, low current (low heat) biasing adapter and double-metal interconnections between the single cells in the array is proposed here. The spiral biasing adapter (SBA) itself is also a new concept with the following characteristics and advantages: 1) it is customer-design for any desired geometry of SDD single cell with minimum current and minimum drift time of carriers; 2) it has the spiral shaped ionimplants that define the desired voltage profile according to calculations; 3) the radius dependence of the pitch (pSBA(r)) of the spiral is the same as that of the SDD single cell (pSBA (r))=PSDD(r)), which in general varies with radius; 4) the width of the implanted spiral (WSBA(r)) that varies with radius does not have to equal to that of the SDD single cell (WSBA(r)≠WSDD(r)), and can be made small to minimize the current; 5) it is processed on the same wafer of SDD array; 6) only one SBA chip/side is needed for one SDD array to define the voltage profiles on the front side and backside (two SBA chips for double-side SDD array, one SBA chip for SDD array with uniform backside bias); and 7) the connection of the SBA chip and the SDD array can be either double metal (most convenient, SBA and SDD are attached) or wire bonding (SBA chip is diced off from the SDD array, no heat on the SDD array). The geometry of a single SDD cell is defined by concentric rings of ion-implants (pSDD(r)=PSBA(r)) with maximum width (WSDD(r))>WSBA(r)) to minimize surface current. The surface potential profiles of the leading single SDD cell are defined by the SBA chips provided by wire bond or second metal interconnections, while those of the rest of single SDD cells in the
Femoral Neck Fractures

There are very few true orthopedic emergencies. Several conditions such as open fractures, once thought to be emergent, have been shown in the literature to be urgencies that should be tended to in prompt rather than emergent fashion. Some notable emergencies are hemodynamically unstable pelvis fractures, necrotizing fasciitis, and compartment syndrome.
The Birth and Creation of a Leading Collection of Asian Materials at Princeton University

The East Asian Library at Princeton University is well-known for the rare books of the Gest Collection, as well as its offerings of electronic databases. Its current Director is interviewed here on his work at such a library, and the fact that his background originally was in Chinese history rather than in librarianship, with familiarity of also Japanese and European scholarship. The interviewer asks the after influence of these characteristics on his current work.
Fault Detection and Diagnosis using Qualitative Modelling and Interpretation

Abstract The Qualitative Modelling and Interpretation (QMI) system translates noisy sensor data into a qualitative description of the underlying behavior of a chemical plant and uses this information together with qualitative models to identify faults and operating regimes. Qualitative models of normal and faulty equipment are simulated to describe the range of possible behaviors in a chemical plant without the need for exact numeric models which are unavailable for many faults. Sensor data are then used to select between different models. Simultaneously using interpretations from multiple sensors reduces sensitivity to sensor noise, increasing diagnosis reliability. QMI has been implemented on a simulated propylene glycol reactor with good results.
Chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe in Brutvögeln aus dem Binnenland Niedersachsens

Ruckstande chlorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe in Eiern und Lebern von im Binnenland Niedersachsens brutenden Vogelarten — Feldsperling, Mehlschwalbe, Weisstorch, Graureiher, Saatkrahe, Stockente und andere Arten — werden angegeben und deren Abhangigkeit von Brutort, Nahrung und Zugverhalten diskutiert.
Blurring: An Approach to Conflation

I consider the phenomenon of conflation—treating distinct things as one—and develop logical tools for modeling it. These tools involve a purely consequence-theoretic treatment, independent of any proof or model theory, as well as a four-valued valuational treatment.
Is Tricking a Robot Hacking

The term “hacking” has come to signify breaking into a computer system. A number of local, national, and international laws seek to hold hackers accountable for breaking into computer systems to steal information or disrupt their operation. Other laws and standards incentivize private firms to use best practices in securing computers against attack. A new set of techniques, aimed not at breaking into computers but at manipulating the increasingly intelligent machine learning models that control them, may force law and legal institutions to reevaluate the very nature of hacking. Three of the authors have shown, for example, that it is possible to use one’s knowledge of a system to fool a driverless car into perceiving a stop sign as a speed limit. Other techniques build secret blind spots into machine learning systems or seek to reconstruct the private data that went into their training. The unfolding renaissance in artificial intelligence (AI), coupled with an almost parallel discovery of its vulnerabilities, requires a reexamination of what it means to “hack,” i.e., to compromise a computer system. The stakes are significant. Unless legal and societal frameworks adjust, the consequences of misalignment between law and practice include inadequate coverage of crime, missing or skewed security incentives, and the prospect of chilling critical security research. This last one is particularly dangerous in light of the important role researchers can play in revealing the biases, safety limitations, and opportunities for mischief that the mainstreaming of artificial intelligence appears to present. The authors of this essay represent an interdisciplinary team of experts in machine learning, computer security, and law. Our aim is to introduce the law and policy community within and beyond academia to the ways adversarial machine learning (ML) alter the nature of hacking and with it the cybersecurity landscape. Using the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 — the paradigmatic federal anti-hacking law — as a case study, we mean to evidence the burgeoning disconnect between law and technical practice. And we hope to explain what is at stake should we fail to address the uncertainty that flows from the prospect that hacking now includes tricking.
Gender in Movements

Heeding the call to integrate gender into the study of social movements and drawing on the work of gender and feminist scholars, I argue that there now exists a body of work that views social movements through the lens of intersectionality as well as recognizing gender as a multi-layered social structure and institution. Selecting representative work, I characterize gender in movements as occurring on three levels. The first level focuses on social processes such as gender socialization, interactions, leadership and engagement in activities. Second is the level of organization and community where gender operates in structures, frames, identities and strategies and tactics. Third is the cultural and societal level where gender can act to open up opportunities for activism or as a constraint through dynamics in the environment. I conclude with future directions for the study of gender in movements, including turning a scholarly gaze to dynamics of masculinity, gender neutrality and transgender in shaping movements, and the continued incorporation of intersectionality. In sum, the field of social movement studies is vibrant with gender research but still there is much to do.
A Faculty Observation Model for Online Instructors: Observing Faculty Members in the Online Classroom

Maintaining academic standards, retention of quality online instructors and establishing a measure for instruction can be enhanced through faculty observation and evaluation. As Park University entered the online market, the increased course offerings involved an increased number of adjunct faculty members. In order to ensure that these faculty members used best practices and maintain high standards of teaching that are important to student satisfaction, Park University developed an evaluation process for online adjunct faculty that was similar to in-class observation of full-time faculty, but focused on unique factors of online course facilitation. The focus of this paper is on the evolution and current usage of the Faculty Online Observation (FOO) method which is a model for evaluation developed from utilizing the original evaluation system used in annual observations for online adjunct faculty. The FOO process that is used by a team of evaluators ensures that Best Practices in online teaching are addressed continuously in the online delivery program. The focus on Best Practices, specific institutional policies of online teaching, and technology plays a significant role in the growth of online degree programs and the success of the Park University online program.
Relative Proportionality on Picard and Hilbert Modular Surfaces

We introduce “orbital categories”. The background objects are compactified quotient varieties of bounded symmetric domains \( \mathbb{B} \) by lattice subgroups of the complex automorphism group of \( \mathbb{B} \). Additionally, we endow some subvarieties of a given compact complex normal variety V with a natural weight > 1, imitating ramifications. They define an “orbital cycle” Z. The pairs V = (V,Z) are orbital varieties. These objects — also understood as an explicit approach to stacks — allow to introduce “orbital invariants” in a functorial manner. Typical are the orbital categories of Hilbert and Picard modular spaces. From the finite orbital data (e.g. the orbital Apollonius cycle on ℙ2) we read off “orbital Heegner series” as orbital invariants with the help of “orbital intersection theory”. We demonstrate for Hilbert and Picard surface F how their Fourier coefficients can be used to count Shimura curves of given norm on F. On recently discovered orbital projective planes the Shimura curves are joined with well-known classical elliptic modular forms.
Tailoring the subchondral bone phase of a multi-layered osteochondral construct to support bone healing and a cartilage analog.

Abstract Focal chondral and osteochondral defects create significant pain and disability for working-aged adults. Current osteochondral repair grafts are limited in availability and often fail due to insufficient osseous support and integration. Thus, a need exists for an off-the-shelf osteochondral construct with the propensity to overcome these shortcomings. Herein, a scalable process was used to develop a multi-layered osteochondral graft with a subchondral bone (ScB) phase tailored to support bone healing and integration. Multiple ScB formulations and fabrication techniques were screened via degradation, bioactivity, and unconfined compression testing. An optimized ScB construct was selected and its cytotoxicity assessed. Additionally, a cartilage analog was secured to the optimized ScB construct via a calcified cartilage layer, and the resulting osteochondral construct was characterized via interfacial shear and dynamic mechanical testing. The optimized ScB construct did not significantly alter local pH during degradation, exhibited measurable bioactivity in vitro, and had significantly greater compressive mechanical strength compared to other constructs. The attachment strength of the cartilage analog was significantly greater by an increase in compressive dynamic mechanical properties. Furthermore, this ScB construct was found to be cytocompatible with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Taken together, this optimized ScB material forms the robust foundation of a novel, off-the-shelf osteochondral construct to be used in defect repair. Statement of Significance The quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide is detrimentally affected by focal chondral or osteochondral defects. Current off-the-shelf biomaterial constructs often fail to repair these defects due to insufficient osseous support and integration. Herein, we used a scalable process to fabricate and optimize a novel boney construct. This optimized boney construct demonstrated biochemical, physical, and mechanical properties tailored to promote bone healing. Furthermore, a novel cartilage analog was successfully attached to the boney construct, forming a multi-layered osteochondral construct.
ITS Advanced Support Team: Swiss Army Knife or Ticket Dumpster?

At West Virginia University, Information Technology Services provides centralized enterprise resources and services, while additional independent IT groups provide support for individual colleges and units. ITS Advanced Support is a second-tier specialized support team of eleven individuals with diverse skills that supports over 80 software applications. In addition to responding to escalated and specialized support tickets, we serve as application administrators for select systems and participate in testing new applications and software upgrades. In this paper, I will summarize the creation of our multi-purpose Advanced Support Team, describe what we do, and explain how our team fits in the ITS organization chart and support processes. I will describe what is working well and the challenges we face juggling multiple roles and support topics.
Epsin15 Homology Domains: Role in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Intersectin-1s (ITSN) deficiency and expression of a biologically active ITSN fragment, result of granzyme B cleavage under inflammatory conditions associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), are characteristics of lung tissue of human and animal models of PAH. Recently, we have shown that this ITSN fragment comprising two Epsin15 homology domains (EHITSN) triggers endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and the plexiform arteriopathy in PAH. Limited evidence also indicates that the EH domains of endocytic proteins such as ITSN, upregulate compensatory endocytic pathways in cells with impaired vesicular trafficking. Thus, we sought to investigate whether the EHITSN may be involved in this compensatory mechanism for improving the EC endocytic dysfunction induced by ITSN deficiency and possibly contribute to PAH pathogenesis. We used stably-transfected human pulmonary artery ECs expressing the Myc-EHITSN (ECEH-ITSN) and ITSN knockout heterozygous mice (K0 ITSN+/- ) transduced with the Myc-EHITSN, in conjunction with functional assays: the biotin assay for caveolae internalization and 8 nm gold (Au)- and dinitrophenylated (DNP)-albumin perfusion of murine lung microvasculature. Pulmonary artery ECs of PAH patients (ECPAH), ITSN knockdown ECs (ECKD-ITSN), the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced mouse and rat models of PAH, as well as untreated animals, served as controls. ELISA via streptavidin-HRP or anti-DNP antibody (Ab), applied on ECs and lung lysates indicated greater than 30% increase in biotin internalization in ECEH-ITSN compared to ECCtrl. Despite their endocytic deficiency, ECPAH internalized biotin similar to ECCtrl which is twofold higher compared to ECKD-ITSN. Moreover, the lung microvascular bed of Myc-EHITSN-transduced mice and MCT-treated animals showed greater than twofold increase in DNP-BSA transendothelial transport, all compared to untreated controls. Electron microscopy (EM) revealed the increased occurrence of non-conventional endocytic/transcytotic structures (i.e., caveolae clusters, tubulo-vesicular and enlarged endocytic structures, membranous rings), usually underrepresented. Most of these structures were labeled by Au-BSA, consistent with their involvement in the transendothelial transport. Furthermore, ITSN deficiency and EHITSN expression alter the subcellular localization of the EH-binding protein 1 (EHBP1) and cortical actin organization, altogether supporting the increase occurrence/trafficking of the alternative endocytic structures. Thus, the EHITSN by shifting the physiological vesicular (caveolae) transport toward the alternative endocytic pathways is a significant contributor to the dysfunctional molecular phenotype of ECPAH.
δ C–H (hetero)arylation via Cu-catalyzed radical relay

A Cu-catalyzed strategy has been developed that harnesses a radical relay mechanism to intercept a distal C-centered radical for C–C bond formation. This approach enables selective δ C–H (hetero)arylation of sulfonamides via intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) by an N-centered radical. The radical relay is both initiated and terminated by a Cu catalyst, which enables incorporation of arenes and heteroarenes by cross-coupling with boronic acids. The broad scope and utility of this catalytic method for δ C–H arylation is shown, along with mechanistic probes for selectivity of the HAT mechanism. A catalytic, asymmetric variant is also presented, as well as a method for accessing 1,1-diaryl-pyrrolidines via iterative δ C–H functionalizations.
The effect of obstructive sleep apnea on readmissions and atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery.

Abstract Study objective To understand the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on readmission rates and post-operative atrial fibrillation in the cardiac surgical population. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Administrative database consisting of 2007–2014 data from California, Florida, New York, Kentucky, and Maryland from the State Inpatient Databases, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Patients A total of 506,604 patients ≥18 years old who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) and/or valve surgery were included in the study. After excluding for death during the index hospitalization and missing data, 396,657 patients remained for 30-day readmission analysis. Interventions None. Measurements Primary outcomes were unadjusted rates and adjusted odds of 30-day readmission. Secondary outcomes included post-operative atrial fibrillation and readmission diagnoses. Bivariate associations were assessed between OSA status, covariates and potential confounders, and outcomes. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Statistical significance was assessed at p Main results The overall 30-day readmission rate was 17.2%, with a rate of 19.6% vs. 17.1% in the OSA vs. non-OSA group (p Conclusions Patients with OSA are at increased risk of 30-day readmission and post-operative atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery compared to those without OSA. Although the importance of OSA is increasingly recognized, it remains a significant risk factor for post-operative readmissions and morbidity. Further research is needed to optimize perioperative management of patients with OSA, but these results highlight the importance of this disease on patient outcomes and healthcare costs.
Teaching Ambition Realized: Paul’s Beginning Music Teacher Identity:

The purpose of this particularistic case study was to explore Paul’s teacher identity in his first year as a music educator. I chose Paul purposively because, while a high school senior, he had par...
Overall survival (OS) and risk of distant failure among malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) in a large single-institution registry cohort.

e16045 Background: MSGTs are rare, biologically diverse cancers. Registry data and large series suggest 5-year OS exceeding 50%, superior to historical data and attributed to postoperative radiatio...
Alice in Pornoland: Hardcore Encounters with the Victorian Gothic, by Laura Helen Marks

Dracula, Alice from Wonderland, Jekyll and Hyde, and Dorian Gray are some of the largest legacies passed down from the Victorians. These are “culture texts” (13) meaning their many retellings and r...
Microscale Testing and Characterization Techniques for Benchmarking Crystal Plasticity Models at Microstructural Length Scales

The desire to improve the performance and lifetime of polycrystalline components has fueled the development of advanced micromechanical modeling tools. Multiscale modeling approaches, such as Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Methods (CPFEM), now possess the ability to illuminate the link between material processing, microstructure, and properties [1]. Whereas traditional FE modeling relies on convergent macroscale properties, the ability of CPFEM to explicitly represent the morphology and local crystallographic orientations of polycrystalline microstructures requires scale-specific, quantitative microstructural information for both input and validation. The development and implementation of experimental techniques for capturing behavior and microstructural properties at salient length scales are needed to inform the determination of representative volume elements (RVEs). Here, accurately capturing microstructural details and observing size effects on material properties are both important. Simply extrapolating from average microstructure descriptors does not provide information about the relative importance of specific grain size, shape, and configuration with neighbors. These are features that can be captured experimentally through advanced characterization techniques, such as 3D serial sectioning [2].
Microeconomics of yield learning and process control in semiconductor manufacturing

Simple microeconomic models that directly link yield learning to profitability in semiconductor manufacturing have been rare or non-existent. In this work, we review such a model and provide links to inspection capability and cost. Using a small number of input parameters, we explain current yield management practices in 200mm factories. The model is then used to extrapolate requirements for 300mm factories, including the impact of technology transitions to 130nm design rules and below. We show that the dramatic increase in value per wafer at the 300mm transition becomes a driver for increasing metrology and inspection capability and sampling. These analyses correlate well wtih actual factory data and often identify millions of dollars in potential cost savings. We demonstrate this using the example of grating-based overlay metrology for the 65nm node.
The roles of chalcogenides in O2 protection of H2ase active sites

At some point, all HER (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction) catalysts, important in sustainable H2O splitting technology, will encounter O2 and O2-damage. The [NiFeSe]-H2ases and some of the [NiFeS]–H2ases, biocatalysts for reversible H2 production from protons and electrons, are exemplars of oxygen tolerant HER catalysts in nature. In the hydrogenase active sites oxygen damage may be extensive (irreversible) as it is for the [FeFe]–H2ase or moderate (reversible) for the [NiFe]–H2ases. The affinity of oxygen for sulfur, in [NiFeS]–H2ase, and selenium, in [NiFeSe]–H2ase, yielding oxygenated chalcogens results in maintenance of the core NiFe unit, and myriad observable but inactive states, which can be reductively repaired. In contrast, the [FeFe]–H2ase active site has less possibilities for chalcogen-oxygen uptake and a greater chance for O2-attack on iron. Exposure to O2 typically leads to irreversible damage. Despite the evidence of S/Se-oxygenation in the active sites of hydrogenases, there are limited reported synthetic models. This perspective will give an overview of the studies of O2 reactions with the hydrogenases and biomimetics with focus on our recent studies that compare sulfur and selenium containing synthetic analogues of the [NiFe]–H2ase active sites.
Mental Health in the Young Athlete.

Purpose of review The goal of the present paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of mental health concerns in young athletes, with a focus on common disorders, as well as population-specific risk factors. Recent findings Athletes experience similar mental health concerns as non-athlete peers, such as anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation, ADHD, eating disorders, and substance abuse. However, they also experience unique stressors that put them at risk for the development or exacerbation of mental health disorders. Student athletes have to balance academics with rigorous training regimens while focusing on optimal performance and managing high expectations. Physical injuries, overtraining, concussion, sleep disorders, and social identity are some of the factors that also impact the mental health of student athletes. Existing literature highlights the need to develop proactive mental health and wellness education for young athletes, and to develop services that recognize the unique needs of this population.
Misperceptions of the Prevalence of Health Conditions and Behaviors

Misperceptions about health conditions and behaviors may play a role in shaping health behaviors. Health messages frequently cite prevalence information in an effort to raise people's awareness of various health issues under the assumption that correcting misperceptions will increase healthy behavior. However, there is much to learn about the accuracy of estimates of the prevalence of prominent health conditions and behaviors among United States adults. We examined prevalence perceptions regarding a wide range of health conditions (obesity, diabetes, HIV infections, and HPV infections), health-risk behaviors (cigarette/e-cigarette use and binge drinking), and health-promotion behaviors (vegetable/fruit consumption, physical exercises, vaccination, and cancer screening) with a sample of U.S. adults stratified by race. We also examined perceptions of racial health disparities between white and black Americans. Respondents systematically overestimated the prevalence of health conditions and health-risk behaviors but underestimated the prevalence of health-promotion behaviors. Perceptions of racial disparities were comparable between white and black respondents. We end with a discussion of various implications related to misperceptions of prevalence estimates.
Perceived Drivers of Food Insecurity and Coping Strategies of DACA-Eligible College Students–an Exploratory Study

Eighteen Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)-eligible students at a Western US university completed a brief food insecurity survey. Eight participated in two focus groups to examine their...
The effect of music on anxiety in women undergoing cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of music on anxiety in patients undergoing cesarean delivery. DATA SOURCES An electronic search of PubMed, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed from inception to November 2020. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Eligibility criteria included all randomized controlled trials of pregnant women undergoing cesarean delivery who were randomized to either the music intervention or control. Studies needed to measure preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative anxiety via a visual analog scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, or Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, for inclusion. The primary outcome was intraoperative anxiety during cesarean delivery. Secondary outcomes included preoperative and postoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, postoperative opioid requirements, blood pressure, and heart rate. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS The methodologic quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. A meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird to produce a summary of treatment effects in terms of mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. A prespecified subgroup analysis of patients undergoing a scheduled or an unscheduled cesarean delivery was carried out for the main outcomes. RESULTS Of the 1296 studies screened, 15 met the inclusion criteria (n=613 music group vs n=748 controls). Three trials (n=217 music group vs n=215 controls) reported on intraoperative anxiety specifically. Among studies using a visual analog scale for anxiety assessment, women in the intervention group had lower intraoperative anxiety levels than the controls (mean difference, −0.54; 95% confidence interval, −0.87 to −0.20; I2=0%; n=2 studies). One trial used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and 1 trial used the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale for intraoperative anxiety assessment. In both of these studies, music exposure was associated with lower anxiety levels when compared with the controls (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: mean difference, −2.80; 95% confidence interval, −4.57 to −1.03; Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale: mean difference, −4.80; 95% confidence interval, −7.08 to −2.52). In the subgroup analyses, the same relationship persisted when the cesarean delivery was unscheduled and when the music was selected by the patient or by the study team. The effect of music on preoperative and postoperative anxiety varied depending on which anxiety assessment tool was used. Music was also associated with decreased opioid use (mean difference, −0.87; 95% confidence interval, −1.55 to −0.19; I2=0%). CONCLUSION In patients undergoing a cesarean delivery, music is associated with decreased intraoperative anxiety.