cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human T-lymphotropic viruses.

Retroviruses have been identified as causative agents of naturally occurring diseases in many species, from fish to lower primates. For similar reasons, efforts to detect and isolate viruses from human tissues proved to be a difficult task. Retroviruses closely related to human T-lymphotropic viruses-1 (HTLV-1) have also been isolated from some Old World monkeys (African green monkeys, macaques, and baboons). These viruses, called simian T-lymphotropic virus type I are also associated with lymphoid malignancies. All nondefective retroviruses contain three structural genes coding the core antigens, the polymerase, also called reverse transcriptase, and the envelope glycoproteins. HTLV-2 has been isolated from several cases of T-cell variants of hairy cell leukemia. Although the tumor cells appeared to be clonally infected cells, thus suggesting infection before development of leukemia, there is inadequate epidemio-logic data to link the virus to this or any other particular disease.
Clinical and morphological features of cases of trisomy 13 in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia

Trisomy 13 has been infrequently reported as a primary non-random karyotypic change in myeloid leukemias. To elucidate its clinical significance we examined the clinical and hematological data in nine ANLL patients in whom we found this change, in a series of 175 cytogenetically abnormal ANLL patients. Morphologically, six of the patients were FAB-M1, two were FAB-M4 and one was FAB-M5. Bone marrow aspirates contained more than 90% blasts in eight of the patients. By immunophenotype, TdT was present in four of the patients, CD34 was present in four of five patients tested and CD5 was present in one of five patients tested. Blast cells in all patients expressed two or more myeloid surface antigens. These data suggest the proliferation of an immature myeloid cell in these patients. Complete remission was achieved in seven patients ; however, remissions were short-lived. Eight patients expired between 1 and 13 months from diagnosis (median survival 5 months). Combining our findings with data in the published literature on trisomy 13 in ANLL, a larger data set consisting of 29 patients was established to determine better the clinical significance of this cytogenetic entity in ANLL. We found that this cytogenetic change has been reported in all subsets of FAB classification excepting M6 and M7. Median age at presentation was 60 years and no association with gender was noted. Median WBC was 29.5 x 10 9 /l, the majority of patients were thrombocytopenic (median platelet count 86 x 10 9 /l) and median survival was 5.2 months. This study associates trisomy 13 with malignant transformation of myeloid progenitor cells. These patients respond well to induction therapy, but relapse occurs quickly and the survival duration is poor.
If You Aren't Part of the Solution, You Must Be Part of the Plot

(1983). If You Aren't Part of the Solution, You Must Be Part of the Plot. National Council on Religion and Public Education. Bulletin: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 26-28.
FIVE APPROACHES TO COLLECTING TAGS FOR MUSIC

We compare five approaches to collecting tags for music: conducting a survey, harvesting social tags, deploying annotation games, mining web documents, and autotagging audio content. The comparison includes a discussion of both scalability (financial cost, human involvement, and computational resources) and quality (the cold start problem & popularity bias, strong vs. weak labeling, vocabulary structure & size, and annotation accuracy). We then describe one state-ofthe-art system for each approach. The performance of each system is evaluated using a tag-based music information retrieval task. Using this task, we are able to quantify the effect of popularity bias on each approach by making use of a subset of more popular (short-head) songs and a set of less popular (long-tail) songs. Lastly, we propose a simple hybrid context-content system that combines our individual approaches and produces superior retrieval results.
Brassinosteroid Signaling Converges With SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME B4-#3 to Influence the Expression of SMALL AUXIN UP RNA Genes and Hypocotyl Growth

Summary Interactions between signaling pathways help guide plant development. In this study, we found that brassinosteroid (BR) signaling converges with SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME B4-#3 (SOB3) to influence both the transcription of genes involved in cell elongation and hypocotyl growth. Specifically, SOB3 mutant hypocotyl phenotypes, which are readily apparent when the seedlings are grown in dim white light, were attenuated by treatment with either brassinolide (BL) or the BR biosynthesis inhibitor brassinazole (BRZ). Hypocotyls of SOB3 mutant seedlings grown in white light with a higher fluence rate also exhibited altered sensitivities to BL, further suggesting a connection to BR signaling. However, the impact of BL treatment on SOB3 mutants grown in moderate-intensity white light was reduced when polar auxin transport was inhibited. BL treatment enhanced transcript accumulation for all six members of the SMALL AUXIN UP RNA19 (SAUR19) subfamily, which promote cell expansion, are repressed by SOB3 and light, and are induced by auxin. Conversely, BRZ inhibited the expression of SAUR19 and its homologs. Expression of these SAURs was also enhanced in lines expressing a constitutively active form of the BR signaling component BZR1, further indicating that the transcription of SAUR19 subfamily members are influenced by this hormone signaling pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that SOB3 and BR signaling converge to influence the transcription of hypocotyl growth-promoting SAUR19 subfamily members.
Transition State Treatment of Nuclear Multifragmentation: Summary of results

The Transition State Treatment of Nuclear Fragmentation has been used to study a number of aspects of the break-up of heavy ions during medium-energy reactions. This manuscript presents a review of the transition state method and a summary of results. In particular, the post- and pre-transition effects are investigated, and the break-up volume—a parameter used by other models—is studied.
Selective conversion of polycyclic hydrocarbons to specialty chemicals over zeolite catalysts

Recent studies demonstrate that high-value chemicals can be obtained by selective conversion of polycyclic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene,biphenyl,and phenanthrene, over some zeolite catalysts. This article gives examples of shape-selective alkylation of naphthalene into 2,6-dialkylnaphthalene,ring-shift isomerization of sym-octahydrophenanthrene into sym-octahydroanthracene,shape-selective alkylation of biphenyl into 4,4'-dialkylbiphenyl,conformational isomerization of cis-decalin into trans-decalin,selective hydrogenation of naphthalene into either cis-or trans-decalin, and regio-selective hydrogenation of heteroatom-containing aromatic compounds such as 1-naphthol.The products of such selective reactions are specialty chemicals, monomers of advanced polymer materials such as high-performance polyesters, advanced engineering plastics,and liquid crystalline polymers,or components of advanced thermally stable aviation jet fuels for high-Mach aircraft.
Sites of Identity: Teaching Memoir and Place

Recently I picked up a Sunday New York Times Magazine that happened to contain three different articles about place and identity. The first was a brief personal essay about what writer Sam Anderson...
Obesity results in higher PD-1-mediated T-cell suppression but greater T-cell effector functions following blockade.

65Background: Obesity is increasingly prevalent and viewed as a critical co-factor in many pathologic conditions due to metabolic, inflammatory and immune perturbations. We performed a multi-species evaluation of the impact of obesity T cell effector functions and markers of immune exhaustion. Methods: We examined the impact of obesity on PD-1 and T cell-mediated responses across different pre-clinical models (tumor, infection, and autoimmune encephalomyelitis [EAE]) and species (mouse, dog, non-human primate, and human). Results: CD4 and CD8 T cells from obese mice, dogs, non-human primates and humans displayed increases in memory T cells and PD-1 expression, as well as impaired proliferative responses compared to lean controls, indicating a greater degree of T cell exhaustion at baseline. Following immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, obese mice were resistant to induction of EAE, correlating with reduced antigen-specific CD4 T cells in the central nervous system. Administration of ant...
Decadence and Renaissance

Accounts of “the decadence of Spain” tally up the errors and evils of a nation-state: inquisition; expulsions of Jews and Muslims; autocratic monarchy; colonial exactions; loss of colonies; discontent, civil war, and dictatorship. Catalans have put those accounts of decadence to good use, making it so that what applies to Spain does not apply equally to Catalonia. Catalans insist that they enjoyed a rebirth, the Renaixenca, in which Catalan politics, culture, and language got nursed back to full vigor after centuries of Spanish decadence. Decadence and renaissance are essential paired concepts in the construction of Catalan identity.
The mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint, stem cell aging and rejuvenation

Cell cycle checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms in eukaryotic cells that monitor the condition of the cell, repair cellular damages, and allow the cell to progress through the various phases of the cell cycle when conditions become favorable. Recent advances in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) biology highlight a mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint that is essential for HSCs to return to the quiescent state. As quiescent HSCs enter the cell cycle, mitochondrial biogenesis is induced and mitochondrial stress is increased. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response and mitochondrial oxidative stress response are activated to alleviate stresses and allow HSCs to exit the cell cycle and return to quiescence. These processes are critically regulated by several sirtuin family members. Because loss of HSC quiescence results in the depletion of the HSC pool and compromised tissue regeneration, deciphering the molecular mechanisms that regulate the mitochondrial metabolic checkpoint in HSCs will increase our understanding of hematopoiesis and how it becomes dysregulated under pathological conditions and during aging. More broadly, this knowledge is instrumental for understanding the maintenance of cells that convert between quiescence and proliferation to support their physiological functions.
The inflammasome starts rolling.

Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti describes a 2002 study by Jurg Tschopp and colleagues that first described the multiprotein, caspase-activating inflammasome complex that drives the maturation and secretion of IL-1β.
Colonic graft-vs.-host disease in autologous versus allogeneic transplant patients: earlier onset, more apoptosis, and lack of regulatory T-cell attenuation

Histologic characterization of graft-vs.-host disease in autologous stem cell transplant patients has been limited. The aims of this study were to characterize colonic graft-vs.-host disease in autologous stem cell transplant patients and compare to a control group of allogeneic stem cell transplant patients, to determine whether graft-vs.-host disease can be diagnosed < 21 days post transplantation in autologous stem cell transplant recipients, and to quantify colonic T-cell populations in autologous stem cell transplant patients. Colonic biopsies taken to evaluate for graft-vs.-host disease in both allogenic and autologous stem cell transplant patients were reviewed for the maximum number of apoptotic bodies per 10 contiguous crypts. Immunohistochemical stains for CD4, CD8, and FoxP3 were performed. Clinical information was collected from chart review. The study group consisted of 122 colonic biopsies from 84 patients. Sixteen patients underwent autologous stem cell transplant and 68 allogeneic stem cell transplant. Autologous stem cell transplant patients underwent biopsy significantly earlier compared with allogeneic stem cell transplant patients (median 20 vs. 87 days, p = 0.0002), had significantly higher apoptotic counts compared with matched-related donor patients (7.5 vs. 3.9, p = 0.03), and had higher FoxP3-positive lamina propria lymphocytes counts compared to allogeneic stem cell transplant patients (9.2 vs. 5.3, p = 0.03). In patients undergoing biopsy < 21 days post transplantation, allogeneic stem cell transplant patients showed less CD8-positive lamina propria lymphocytes and a trend of less FoxP3- and CD4-positive lamina propria lymphocytes compared with autologous stem cell transplant patients. Autologous stem cell transplant patients have more prominent crypt apoptosis compared with allogenic stem cell transplant patients and do not have numerically decreased FoxP3-positive lamina propria lymphocytes. Presence of robust T-cell populations in the early period following transplantation suggest that the 21-day cutoff for diagnosis of graft-vs.-host disease is not applicable to autologous stem cell transplant patients.
The genetics of the immune response to Trichinella spiralis antigens in the mouse.

The production and successful utilization of a defined vaccine against a parasitic infection requires an understanding of the complex processes which occur during the development of most parasites, including the stage of the life cycle which can be effectively combatted by the host’s immune system. For the activation of the host’s immune system against any antigen there are many genetically controlled physical parameters involved, of which probably the most crucial are the interactions of the T cell receptor and the antigen/Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. In the case of many parasites, these particular molecular interactions have only recently been investigated. Although for several years it had been appreciated that there is a significant genetic element controlling the host’s immune response to parasites, the actual nature of these controlling elements had not been elucidated (Wassom, 1985; Behnke and Robinson, 1985; Wakelin, 1985). However, recent appraisals of trends and patterns in the genetic make-up of hosts which can be categorized as good or bad responders to particular parasites has led us to realize that the known genotype of animals which respond to parasitic infections are not just epiphenomena but actually are an indication of controlling molecular properties. This is particularly true of the immune response to Trichinella spiralis in the mouse, the host/parasite system which has revealed the most data concerning the significance of the host genotype (Wassom et al., 1984).
Defective Interfering Animal Viruses

Defective interfering (DI) particles were discovered three decades ago by von Magnus (1947) using the influenza virus system. He called them “incomplete” or “immature” particles. Even though they could not be isolated or characterized biochemically, a great deal was learned about them from their physiological interactions with the host and from their interference with the multiplication of “infectious” standard virus (Gard and von Magnus, 1947; Bernkopf, 1950; von Magnus, 1951). Reviews by Henle (1950), by von Magnus (1954), and by Schlesinger (1959) on viral interference discuss the earlier work on this particular homologous interference caused by incomplete virus.
Building Strategic Technology Alliances for Teaching and Learning

There is a major need for higher education to confront intense competition, enhance academic programs to meet the challenges of this competition, and to develop new teaching and learning strategies to meet the demands of the global marketplace. Technology and the Internet are intended to break down the barriers of time and space and enable more students to participate and collaborate with faculty and other students. Critical thresholds must be met in order to use technology to communicate, collaborate, and transform teaching and learning. Strategic technology alliances establish a partnership between technology vendors and higher education that will achieve these thresholds to meet the teaching and learning needs of the 21st century student.
The Volatile Composition of Comet C/2017 E4 (Lovejoy) before its Disruption, as Revealed by High-resolution Infrared Spectroscopy with iSHELL at the NASA/IRTF

In 2017 April, we acquired comprehensive high-resolution spectra of newly discovered comet C/2017 E4 (Lovejoy) as it approached perihelion, and before its disintegration. We detected many cometary emission lines in the range (2.8-5.3) μm, in four customized instrument settings (L1-c, L3, Lp1-c, and M1) of iSHELL-the new near-IR high-resolution immersion echelle spectrograph at NASA/IRTF (Maunakea, Hawaii). We identified 12 molecular species: nine primary volatiles (H2O, HCN, NH3, CO, C2H2, C2H6, CH4, CH3OH, H2CO) and three product species (CN, NH2, OH). We detected 85 H2O emission lines from 12 water vibrational bands across L1-c and M1 settings. The many detected water emission lines enabled retrieval of accurate measures for ortho- and para-H2O independently, thereby reducing systematic uncertainty in the derived ortho-para ratio and nuclear spin temperature. Excitation analyses and emission profile analyses were performed for all species, and molecular abundance ratios relative to water are compared with values found for other Oort Cloud comets in our infrared database. Abundance ratios are consistent for most species, with the exception of underabundant methanol and overabundant ammonia in E4.
Assessing Elementary Health Education: Instrument Development for School District Readiness and Delivery

ABSTRACTBackground: Although the connection between health behaviors and Health Education is well established, elementary Health Education (EHE) readiness and delivery has been challenging to assess. Purpose: This research was intended to develop and test a valid and reliable instrument to assess school district readiness for and delivery of EHE. The transtheoretical model was the foundation for creating the Elementary Health Education District Assessment Tool (EHE-DAT). Methods: Development occurred in 3 phases: review, pilot study, and case study. Validity was established through quantitative and qualitative jury review, a focus group, and administrator interview. For reliability, the EHE-DAT was piloted in a local school district (n = 31) and case study of a second district (n = 161). Results: The EHE-DAT was found to be reliable and valid. All scales and subscales were determined to have high levels of internal consistency (coefficient α = .739 to .927). Discussion: States and professional organizatio...
The Right Content at the Right Time: Contextual Examples for Just-in-time Creative Learning

People often run into barriers when doing creative tasks with software because it is difficult to translate goals into concrete actions. While expert-made tutorials, examples, and documentation abound online, finding the most relevant content and adapting it to one's own situation and task is a challenge. My research introduces techniques for exposing relevant examples to novices in the context of their own workflows. These techniques are embodied in three systems. The first, RePlay, helps people find solutions when stuck by automatically locating relevant moments from expert-made videos. The second, DiscoverySpace, helps novices get started by mining and recommending expert-made software macros. The third, CritiqueKit, helps novices improve their work by providing ambient guidance and recommendations. Preliminary experiments with RePlay suggest that contextual video clips help people complete targeted tasks. Controlled experiments with DiscoverySpace and CritiqueKit demonstrate that software macros prevent novices from losing confidence, and ambient guidance improves novice output. My research illustrates the power of user communities to support creative learning.
Queer geographies and the rhetoric of orientation

Amidst biting wind and bone-chilling rain on April 29, 2017, a cascade of bodies dressed in black descended on the doorsteps of the Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts in Omaha, Nebraska. Situated i...
Role of Occupational Therapy Practitioners in Mass Market Technology Research and Development

Performance of many activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living involve technology, such as an electric toothbrush or a self-checkout register at the grocery store. Unfortunately, more than 60 million people with disabilities in the United States struggle to use these technologies because of inaccessible designs. Occupational therapy practitioners have a unique expertise in the design of accessible equipment. Practitioners have been involved in the design of adaptive and assistive equipment targeting use by people with disabilities since occupational therapy's beginnings. However, few occupational therapy professionals currently work in the research and development of everyday technologies. This article explores the role of the occupational therapy practitioner on the technology design team, discusses barriers to current practice, and makes recommendations to the profession.
The demonstration of anions generated by the action of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on tissue sections, including observations on the unmasking of carbonyl groups.

Treatment of 4 micron-thick plastic sections of animal tissues with dilute solutions of NaOCl resulted in increased basophilia of tissues. A number of staining mixtures which selectively demonstrated the NaOCl-generated acid groups were then developed. Two distinct acid groups — sulfates and an unknown anion — were found to be generated by NaOCl. It was also determined that treatment of sections with NaOCl resulted in the unmasking of carbonyl groups associated with elastin and other structures.
Firearm-Related Injury and Death in the United States: A Call to Action From the Nation's Leading Physician and Public Health Professional Organizations

In this special article, leaders from 7 of the nation's largest physician and public health professional societies reiterate their commitment to finding solutions and call for policies to reduce fi...
Enhancing community preparedness: an inventory and analysis of disaster citizen science activities

Disaster citizen science, or the use of scientific principles and methods by “non-professional” scientists or volunteers, may be a promising way to enhance public health emergency preparedness (PHEP) and build community resilience. However, little research has focused on understanding this emerging field and its implications for PHEP. To address research gaps, this paper: (1) assesses the state of disaster citizen science by developing an inventory of disaster citizen science projects; (2) identifies different models of disaster citizen science; and (3) assesses their relevance for PHEP. We searched the English-language peer-reviewed and grey literature for disaster citizen science projects with no time period specified. Following searches, a team of three reviewers applied inclusion/exclusion criteria that defined eligible disasters and citizen science activities. Reviewers extracted the following elements from each project: project name and description; lead and partner entities; geographic setting; start and end dates; type of disaster; disaster phase; citizen science model; and technologies used. A final set of 209 projects, covering the time period 1953–2017, were included in the inventory. Projects were classified across five citizen science models: distributed or volunteer sensing (n = 19; 9%); contributory (n = 98; 47%); distributed intelligence (n = 52; 25%); collaborative research (n = 32; 15%); and collegial research (n = 8; 4%). Overall, projects were conducted across all disaster phases and most frequently for earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. Although activities occurred globally, 40% of projects were set in the U.S. Academic, government, technology, and advocacy organizations were the most prevalent lead entities. Although a range of technologies were used, 77% of projects (n = 161) required an internet-connected device. These characteristics varied across citizen science models revealing important implications for applications of disaster citizen science, enhancement of disaster response capabilities, and sustainability of activities over time. By increasing engagement in research, disaster citizen science may empower communities to take collective action, improve system response capabilities, and generate relevant data to mitigate adverse health impacts. The project inventory established a baseline for future research to capitalize on opportunities, address limitations, and help disaster citizen science achieve its potential.
How Did I Get Here? Career Choice in Medicine

How can one learn to accept that critical career decisions are made with an imperfect data set?
Trends and Outcomes of Mechanical Circulatory Support in Peripartum Women, 2002-2014: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis.

Objectives To systematically explore the relationship among the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS), the timing of placement, and outcomes in pregnancy. Design Using the National Inpatient Sample and National Readmissions Database, the authors performed a retrospective, cohort analysis of peripartum women who received MCS. Setting United States hospitals. Participants A weighted sample of women who received MCS during the antepartum, delivery, or postpartum period between 2002 and 2014. Interventions MCS Measurements and Main Results There were 1,386 women who received MCS during their admission. These women were older and had more comorbidities than women without MCS. The mean time from admission to device placement was 5.4 days for all women, and MCS use was highest in urban teaching hospitals. Overall, peripartum use of MCS has increased since 2002, but mortality did not change during the same period. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio for mortality when MCS was placed within 6 days of admission was 0.48 (95% confidence interval 0.23-0.98) with the adjusted probability of death rising from 18.6% to 32.5% when the device was placed on or after day 6. Conclusions Similar to trends in the general population, use of MCS has increased in the peripartum period. Women receiving MCS were generally older and had more comorbidities than those not receiving MCS. Increased time to device placement may worsen mortality. Further research will help identify appropriate candidates and factors that improve survival.
Early-onset Lyme carditis with concurrent disseminated erythema migrans.

BACKGROUND Lyme disease is an infection that is estimated to affect over 300,000 people in the United States annually. Typically, it presents with erythema migrans (EM), an annular rash at the site of tick attachment, within 3 to 30 days of inoculation. Untreated patients may progress to early disseminated disease. A further complication, Lyme carditis is rare but may occur several weeks later. It commonly manifests as a variable atrioventricular (AV) conduction block, with a high-grade AV block occurring in only 1% of untreated patients. This case demonstrates an unusually early presentation of Lyme carditis with complete heart block. CASE PRESENTATION A 21-year-old male was transferred from an outside emergency department (ED) for possible pacemaker placement due to symptomatic third-degree AV block. Four days earlier the patient presented to the outside ED with fever, chills, and unrecognized EM on his right neck. He was discharged with antipyretics, but no antibiotic therapy. On the day of transfer, he returned with persistent fevers, EM now on his trunk and upper extremities, lightheadedness, and substernal chest pressure. An electrocardiogram revealed the third-degree AV block leading to transfer. Upon arrival, the patient was promptly diagnosed with Lyme carditis. Pacemaker implantation was deferred, and intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone was initiated. Within 48 hours his third-degree AV block improved to a first-degree block. By this time, his EM had also resolved. He was discharged with oral doxycycline and a 30-day event monitor, which ultimately showed persistent first-degree AV block. CONCLUSIONS This case reinforces a unique presentation of Lyme carditis. Disseminated EM and Lyme carditis may present concurrently within 2 weeks of tick attachment. Early recognition and treatment is important for preventing progression to disseminated infection. Lyme-associated AV block will reverse within 48 to 72 hours of initiating IV antibiotic therapy and will not require pacemaker implantation. Lyme carditis should be considered in patients without heart disease who present with any degree of AV block.
Primary care visits increase utilization of evidence-based preventative health measures

Primary care visits can serve many purposes and potentially influence health behaviors. Although previous studies suggest that increasing primary care provider numbers may be beneficial, the mechanism responsible for the association is unclear, and have not linked primary care access to specific preventative interventions. We investigated the association between the number of times patients accessed their primary care provider team and the likelihood they received selected preventative health interventions. Patients with complete data sets from Sanford Health were categorized based on the number of primary care visits they received in a specified time period and the preventative health interventions they received. Patient characteristics were used in a propensity analysis to control for variables. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to estimate the likelihood of obtaining preventative measures based on number of primary care visits compared with patients who had no primary care visits during the specified time period. The likelihood of a patient receiving three specified preventative interventions was increased by 127% for vaccination, 122% for colonoscopy, and 75% for mammography if the patient had ≥ 1 primary care visit per year. More primary care visits correlated with increasing frequency of vaccinations, but increased primary care visits beyond one did not correlate with increasing frequency of mammography or colonoscopy. One or more primary care visits per year is associated with increased likelihood of specific evidence-based preventative care interventions that improve longitudinal health outcomes and decrease healthcare costs. Increasing efforts to track and increase the number of primary care visits by clinics and health systems may improve patient compliance with select preventative measures.
Vorticity Confinement Applied to Accurate Prediction of Convection of Wing Tip Vortices and Induced Drag

The vorticity confinement (VC) method was applied to tip vortices shed by edges of wings in order to predict induced drag using far-field integration. The optimal VC parameter was determined by its...
Scraper Blank Morphology and Artifact Use-Life in the Acheulo-Yabrudian of Tabun Cave, Israel

Tabun Cave is a major point of reference for Paleolithic research because of both its long sequence of cultural deposits and its rich and variable artifact assemblages. Roughly one third of the Tabun sequence contains Lower–Middle Paleolithic assemblages referred to as Yabrudian, Acheulean, and Amudian. Together, these facies comprise the Acheulo-Yabrudian (AY) complex. Previous work on these assemblages focused on distinctions between these facies based on relative frequencies of diagnostic tool types—scrapers, blades, and bifaces—present within each. This study instead examines metrics and attribute data for one artifact class shared by all three facies, scrapers, to compare variation in artifact production and life histories. Because they are well represented, scrapers are an excellent measure of continuity and/or discontinuity in technological behavior throughout the AY, providing insight into the relationships between the individual facies. Results reveal broadly consistent scraper manufacture across all facies. Small-scale differences in blanks, cortex, and dorsal scar patterns occur among beds but with no apparent directional trends. While the general structure of scraper production and design remained relatively unchanged, the chaine operatoire was gradually altered. These clearer temporal trends are seen in artifact life histories, first with a shift from single to multiple retouched edges, later incorporating more intensive resharpening of individual edges, accompanied by increase in blank size. Between 302 and 256 Ka, Acheulo-Yabrudian hominins showed high levels of continuity in methods of blank production yet flexibility in how long artifacts were in use and how that utility was extended.
Biomarkers of Coagulation and Inflammation in COVID-19-Associated Ischemic Stroke.

Background and Purpose: We sought to determine if biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation can help define coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated ischemic stroke as a novel acute ischemic...
Monitored Anesthesia Care (Medical Implications) and Wrong-Sided Operations (Legal Implications)

A 77-year-old man presented to an outpatient surgical center for corneal transplant, cataract extraction, and intraocular lens implant of the left eye, under regional block plus monitored anesthesia care (MAC). Intravenous sedation was being titrated, at which time the anesthesia provider recognized the surgeon was starting the procedure on the wrong eye. This case reviews sedation levels and definitions, monitored anesthesia care, definitions of nonphysicians providing sedation, and requirements for a lawsuit to be judged in favor of the patient.
Old age and cognition : evaluation of a human short-term memory test with nonhuman primates and the memory-enhancing effects of nimodipine

A matrix problem, identical to that used with demented humans, was used to quantify the short-term memory capacities of five 33-year-old rhesus monkeys. Nimodipine at dosages of 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg given orally before each daily training session significantly improved the monkeys’ performance, but a 0.3-mg/kg dosage did not. These results are interpreted as evidence that short-term memory deficits in both demented humans and aged nonhuman primates may be assessed with identical techniques and that calcium imbalances may contribute to the cognitive deficits that can accompany age.
MATERNAL, FETAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN PREMATURITY.

Abstract This study of certain factors associated with premature births included 2,521 prematures among 29,561 deliveries at three hospitals in North Carolina during the years 1954 through 1961. Using four broad socioeconomic classes, it was observed that the incidence of prematurity was considerably higher in women under 20 years of age and in the less favored socioeconomic classes. Birth order per se did not exert a significant influence on the incidence of prematurity. On the other hand, maternal height did correlate with prematurity, the shorter women having higher rates. Selected complications during pregnancy occurred progressively more frequently from the most favored to the least favored socioeconomic group. In general, the complications studies were associated with an increase in the incidence of prematurity so that both socioeconomic status and complications affected premature rates.
Algorithms for Nonlinear Multicommodity Network Flow Problems

This paper presents a class of algorithms for optimization of convex multi-commodity flow problems. The algorithms are based on the ideas of Gallager’s methods for distributed optimization of delay in data communication networks [1], [2], and gradient projection ideas from nonlinear programming [3],[4].
Synthesis of tetrahedral mixed-metal clusters of the iron triad. Preparation and characterization of tridecacarbonyldihydroironosmiumdiruthenium and tridecacarbonyldihydroirondiosmiumruthenium

Abstract : Transition metal cluster complexes have become a very important class of compounds, principally because of their potential in catalysis. Clusters have been shown to behave as catalysts in their own right and they hold considerable promise for serving as models for catalytic surfaces. Clusters comprised of two or more different transition metals in the cluster framework are particularly interesting in this regard because of possible bimetallic effects. Further, mixed-metal clusters have non-equivalent bonding sites. As such they are ideally suited for modeling studies which employ variable temperature NMR to follow the movements of substrates over their surfaces. One of the problems which has hampered studies of mixed-metal clusters is their relative lack of availability. Only a very few isostructural series have been achieved, and general synthetic methods for mixed-metal clusters are lacking. Carbonylmetalates have been widely used as synthetic reagents in cluster chemistry and several of the reported reactions appear to be adaptable to design. This is particularly true of the reactions of Knight and Mays who prepared a series of Group 7 - Group 8 tetrameric mixed-metal clusters through the addition of a carbonylmetalate to a closed M3(CO)12 trimer.
Physical properties of some nonpolar polypeptidyl proteins.

Abstract The extent to which several polypeptidyl proteins (polyvalyl and polyglycyl ribonuclease, polyvalyl, poly-t-leucyl and polyglycyl α-chymotrypsin, and poly-t-leucyl bovine serum albumin) aggregate has been determined in an attempt to show that these protein derivatives are useful as experimental models for studying hydrophobic bonding. Between 0° and room temperature aqueous solutions of the modified proteins are predominately monomeric. However, among those derivatives modified with nonpolar amino acid residues, a highly aggregated fraction amounting to approximately 10% of the total protein was often present. The particle size of this fraction was large enough to produce a visible turbidity. Lowering the temperature reduced the size of the aggregate, thus causing the solution to clear. This temperature dependence of the aggregation is characteristic of material presumed to be undergoing hydrophobic bonding. Details concerning the aggregation reactions were obtained through use of the ultracentrifuge. At higher temperatures (above approximately 30°) the monomeric fractions of all of the nonpolar derivatives polymerize. The polymerization is dependent on temperature and pH in a manner indicating the involvement of hydrophobic forces. In contrast to the behavior of the nonpolar polypeptidyl proteins, the polyglycyl proteins, having as many or more added residues, were totally monomeric at temperatures from 0° to nearly 100°. They were not only more stable to heat than the nonpolar derivatives, but also more stable than the corresponding unmodified proteins. For example, chymotrypsin which normally exists as a dimer or trimer (as high as the hexamer at low ionic strength) becomes monomeric when glycine peptides are attached. Chymotrypsin precipitates out of solution at about 65°, but solutions of polyglycyl chymotrypsin can be brought almost to the boiling point without evidence of aggregation. Based on the behavior of the derivatives of α-chymotrypsin and ribonuclease, it is suggested that adding glycine to other proteins may also yield a monomeric species. Similarly, attaching nonpolar peptides should produce an aggregate. The modified proteins were characterized by amino acid and end group analysis. A comparison of the aggregated and monomeric fractions of the polyvalyl proteins showed that the chymotrypsin derivatives differed with respect to the extent of modification. There was no detectable difference between the two ribonuclease fractions.
Nanomaterials for Engineering Stem Cell Responses

Recent progress in nanotechnology has stimulated the development of multifunctional biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Synergistic interactions between nanomaterials and stem cell engineering offer numerous possibilities to address some of the daunting challenges in regenerative medicine, such as controlling trigger differentiation, immune reactions, limited supply of stem cells, and engineering complex tissue structures. Specifically, the interactions between stem cells and their microenvironment play key roles in controlling stem cell fate, which underlines therapeutic success. However, the interactions between nanomaterials and stem cells are not well understood, and the effects of the nanomaterials shape, surface morphology, and chemical functionality on cellular processes need critical evaluation. In this Review, focus is put on recent development in nanomaterial-stem cell interactions, with specific emphasis on their application in regenerative medicine. Further, the emerging technologies based on nanomaterials developed over the past decade for stem cell engineering are reviewed, as well as the potential applications of these nanomaterials in tissue regeneration, stem cell isolation, and drug/gene delivery. It is anticipated that the enhanced understanding of nanomaterial-stem cell interactions will facilitate improved biomaterial design for a range of biomedical and biotechnological applications.
Quasiconformal groups, Patterson-Sullivan theory, and local analysis of limit sets

We extend the part of Patterson-Sullivan theory to discrete quasiconformal groups that relates the exponent of convergence of the Poincare series to the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set. In doing so we define new bi-Lipschitz invariants that localize both the exponent of convergence and the Hausdorff dimension. We find these invariants help to expose and explain the discrepancy between the conformal and quasiconformal setting of Patterson-Sullivan theory.
Can Ignorance Promote Democracy

Ideas are like fire, observed Thomas Jefferson in 1813—information can be passed on without relinquishing it ( 1 ). Indeed, the ease and benefit of sharing information select for individuals to aggregate into groups, driving the buildup of complexity in the biological world ( 2 , 3 ). Once the members of some collective—whether cells of a fruit fly or citizens of a democratic society—have accumulated information, they must integrate that information and make decisions based upon it. When these members share a common interest, as do the stomata on the surface of a plant leaf ( 4 ), integrating distributed information may be a computational challenge. But when individuals do not have entirely coincident interests, strategic problems arise. Members of animal herds, for example, face a tension between aggregating information for the benefit of the herd as a whole, and avoiding manipulation by self-interested individuals in the herd. Which collective decision procedures are robust to manipulation by selfish players ( 5 )? On page 1578 of this issue, Couzin et al. ( 6 ) show how the presence of uninformed agents can promote democratic outcomes in collective decision problems.
Pathophysiologic factors in recurrent acute pancreatitis

No single pathophysiologic factor has been identified as the cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis. A systematic search should be undertaken in every patient to identify one of a myriad of factors that have been shown to play a part in causing this distressing illness. The abuse of alcohol remains the likeliest cause, and further research may reveal an inborn error of metabolism that jeopardizes some people. Biliary tract disease, gallstones, choledochal cyst, papillary stenosis, and duodenal diverticula show a clear relationship. Metabolic disorders such as hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperparathyroidism remain suspect. Systemic illnesses such as systemic lupus erythematosus and cystic fibrosis must be considered. Development anomalies such as pancreas divisum may precipitate acute pancreatitis through aberrant anatomic structures. Cancer must always be disproved. Not yet firmly established but worthy of thorough investigation are uncommon causes, such as the ingestion of certain drugs or combinations of drugs and trauma, either recent or past. Pancreatitis remains frightening for those with the disease and puzzling and frustrating for the medical people who treat it. A careful history and investigation in accordance with a systematic diagnostic plan that includes many disparate factors will lead to identification of the cause in the majority of patients.
Women's Security and the Global Economy: Broadening the Research Agenda of Violence Against Women

The Political Economy of Violence Against Women. By True Jacqui. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 256 pp., $24.95 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-199-75591-2). From Lesotho to Pakistan, New Zealand to Thailand, violence against women in the form of domestic violence, trafficking, sexual assault, and gender-based economic marginalization is all too prevalent. Feminist security-studies scholars have argued for decades that traditional (and even more critical) ways of theorizing war and security ignore these threats to women's security (see inter alia Enloe 1989, 1993, 2000; Tickner 1992; Hansen 2000; Shepherd 2008; Sjoberg 2010; Wibben 2011; Sylvester 2012). Jacqui True provides a sympathetic challenge to this literature and argues that scholars and institutions such as the United Nations have largely failed to understand the systemic causes of this violence in their emphasis on conflict and legal remedies to punishing violators and protecting victims. In this broad-ranging book, True challenges scholars of international studies as well as practitioners to shift their focus to include an analysis of both global economic trends and local economic policies in shaping women's vulnerability to violence. In so doing, True provides the blueprint for a revitalization of feminist and critical imaginations that seeks to trace the global and multifaceted roots of women's victimization and marginalization. True argues that gendered social and economic inequalities between men and women make women vulnerable to violence, regardless of the context, and furthermore, these gendered inequalities “are rooted in structures and processes of political economy that are increasingly globalized” (p. 5). Her feminist political-economy approach locates the source of women's vulnerability to violence not in terms of rich or poor countries, but in material gender inequalities with respect to income, property, employment, and land (p. 18). …
Corporate venturing: Insights from actual performance

Abstract Corporate innovation and the entrepreneurial strategies on which it is based are key challenges at the forefront of executive concerns. In order to establish some factual foundations amid the popular folklore which surrounds corporate innovation today, this study examines the actual factors that influence internal corporate venturing within the realm of a corporate entrepreneurship strategy. Data were collected from 145 internal corporate ventures (early-stage, middle-stage, and established-stage) operating in 72 firms headquartered in the midwestern United States. The results of this study are summarized herein and offer insights regarding some of the key correlates of corporate venturing performance.
Uniform Damping of Plates Using a Modified Nodal Control Method

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