cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cobalt Clusters on a Giant Graphite Lattice

Using a scanning tunneling microscope in UHV we have observed anomalous superstructures on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. We found such structures on three different samples, with hexagonal symmetry in each case but with different lattice constants of 1.7 nm, 3.8 nm and 6.6 nm. These giant lattices can be explained by assuming that the top layer of graphite is slightly rotated. This produces a hexagonal modulation of the electron state density in the first layer. Lattice points in the giant lattice are characterized by high local density of states at the Fermi level. We find that adsorbed cobalt particles occupy the top sites of the giant lattice.
Bioavailable vitamin D is more tightly linked to mineral metabolism than total vitamin D in incident hemodialysis patients

Prior studies showed conflicting results regarding the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and mineral metabolism in end-stage renal disease. In order to determine whether the bioavailable vitamin D (that fraction not bound to vitamin D–binding protein) associates more strongly with measures of mineral metabolism than total levels, we identified 94 patients with previously measured 25(OH)D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D) from a cohort of incident hemodialysis patients. Vitamin D–binding protein was measured from stored serum samples. Bioavailable 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D were determined using previously validated formulae. Associations with demographic factors and measures of mineral metabolism were examined. When compared with whites, black patients had lower levels of total, but not bioavailable, 25(OH)D. Bioavailable, but not total, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH) 2 D were each significantly correlated with serum calcium. In univariate and multivariate regression analysis, only bioavailable 25(OH)D was significantly associated with parathyroid hormone levels. Hence, bioavailable vitamin D levels are better correlated with measures of mineral metabolism than total levels in patients on hemodialysis.
Bidirectional interactions between indomethacin and the murine intestinal microbiota

The vertebrate gut microbiota have been implicated in the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds, motivating studies of microbe-driven metabolism of clinically important drugs. Here, we studied interactions between the microbiota and indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenases (COX) -1 and -2. Indomethacin was tested in both acute and chronic exposure models in mice at clinically relevant doses, which suppressed production of COX-1- and COX-2-derived prostaglandins and caused small intestinal (SI) damage. Deep sequencing analysis showed that indomethacin exposure was associated with alterations in the structure of the intestinal microbiota in both dosing models. Perturbation of the intestinal microbiome by antibiotic treatment altered indomethacin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which is probably the result of reduced bacterial β-glucuronidase activity. Humans show considerable inter-individual differences in their microbiota and their responses to indomethacin - thus, the drug-microbe interactions described here provide candidate mediators of individualized drug responses.
Smoking Cessation in Individuals With Serious Mental Illness: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Psychosocial Interventions

Objective: Smoking among individuals with serious mental illness is a critical public health problem. Although guidelines recommend bupropion for these smokers, many do not want to use medications for smoking cessation, express ambivalence about identifying a “quit date,” and do not have access to behavioral smoking cessation services integrated with mental health care. Methods: Individuals with serious mental illness who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day (N = 178) were randomized to either a multifaceted behavioral group intervention or a supportive group intervention, both of which were integrated within outpatient mental health services at three VA medical centers. Participants attended twice-weekly meetings for 12 weeks, provided information on their smoking at each meeting, and completed baseline and post-treatment assessments conducted by an assessor who was blind to condition. Primary outcomes collected at post-treatment included 1-week abstinence, number of cigarettes smoked per day during the ...
Abstract 15341: Mild Hypothermia Preserves Myocardial Conduction During Ischemia by Both Maintaining Gap Junction Localization and Preserving Sodium Channel Function

Introduction: Acute cardiac ischemia induces arrhythmogenic conduction velocity (CV) slowing and conduction block. Previously, we found in a canine model of global ischemia that mild hypothermia (MH, 32°C) attenuates ischemia-induced CV slowing, reducing arrhythmia susceptibility. We sought to determine the mechanism by which MH preserved myocardial CV. CV is dependent upon both cellular excitability (via sodium channels) and electrical coupling (via gap junctions, GJ, at the intercalated disk, ICD). Ischemic remodeling of connexin 43 (Cx43), the primary ventricular GJ protein, causes CV slowing. Hypothesis: MH prevents ischemia-induced CV slowing by preserving both GJ coupling and sodium channel (NaCh) excitability. Methods: Canine left ventricle wedge preparations at control (C, 36°C) or MH were subjected to 15 minutes of no-flow ischemia. Cx43 localization was assessed by confocal IF and Cx43 remodeling by western blot. In additional preparations, analysis of the action potential upstroke rise time (RT...
The Seventeenth Century Meets the Internet: Using a Historian’s Approach to Evaluating Documents as a Guide to Twenty-First Century Online Legal Research

This article offers a substantive approach for evaluating information on the Internet that borrows from the general approach used by historians in their evaluation of primary- and secondary-source material. This approach assumes that law students and practitioners are able to evaluate the basics — the author (an individual, an institution, anonymous, etc.), the date of publication (including republication, reissuance, etc.), and the publisher of the document (an institution, an individual, the government, a private enterprise, etc.) — and focuses instead on the more sophisticated level of scrutiny that must be applied when analyzing Internet sources and documents.
Individual differences in the neural signature of subjective value among older adults

Some healthy older adults show departures from standard decision-making patterns exhibited by younger adults. We asked if such departures are uniform or if heterogeneous aging processes can designate which older adults show differing decision patterns. Thirty-three healthy older adults with varying decision-making patterns on a complex decision task (the Iowa Gambling Task) completed an intertemporal choice task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. We examined whether value representation in the canonical valuation network differed across older adults based on complex decision-making ability. Older adults with advantageous decision patterns showed increased activity in the valuation network, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and striatum. In contrast, older adults with disadvantageous decision patterns showed reduced or absent activation in the VMPFC and striatum, and these older adults also showed greater blood oxygen level dependent signal temporal variability in the striatum. Our results suggest that a reduced representation of value in the brain, possibly driven by increased neural noise, relates to suboptimal decision-making in a subset of older adults, which could translate to poor decision-making in many aspects of life, including finance, health and long-term care. Understanding the connection between suboptimal decision-making and neural value signals is a step toward mitigating age-related decision-making impairments.
Aquinas's Definition of Good: Ethical-Theoretical Notes on De Veritate, Q. 21

Aquinas's ethics, Q. 21 of the De Veritate which deals with Aqui nas's notion of Good, is almost entirely overlooked. For example D. J. O'Connor's book Aquinas and Natural Law1 refers only once to the De Veritate and that is not a reference to Q. 21. Even the massive work of Gilson, The Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas? in the entire third section which deals with Aquinas's moral theory has only six references to the De Veritate and again none are to Q. 21. H. J. McCloskey in Meta-Ethics and Normative Ethics? provides what he considers two definitive repudiations of Aquinas's theory but there is no mention or reference to the De Veritate. There may be a reason for this. Thomists like Gilson may not be attuned to or interested in answering the specific problems which contemporary ethical theorists address themselves to,4 while ethical theorists like O'Connor seem to depend upon traditional Thomistic accounts to locate the pertinent passages in Aquinas's ethical writings, accounts which follow the order of one or other of the Summas. Be that as it may, some of the most illuminating sections of Aquinas dealing with ethical-theoretical issues are to be found in Question 21 of the De Veritate, for in this question is
Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear Electromagnetic Coupling Models for a Linear Oscillator

This paper examines the modeling and behavior of two forms of electromagnetic coupling with a linear oscillator. With coupling as either a linear or a nonlinear term dependent on position, analytical results were derived and numerical simulations performed for the mechanical and electrical system response. Analytical models were found to correlate well with their respective simulations. Linear coupling showed wider power bandwidth at certain excitation levels and higher theoretical power output than nonlinear beyond an excitation threshold. Nonlinear models showed increasingly complex harmonic current response at high excitation amplitudes and increased peak power at low amplitude excitation levels for certain offset coil positions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Potential Design Methodology for Agricultural Drainage Denitrification Bioreactors

Denitrification bioreactors for treatment of nitrate in agricultural drainage have recently gained popularity as a water quality improvement strategy in several agricultural regions. Due to increased interest in this new technology, many bioreactors have been installed in the field though design methodology is still under development. In order to improve design techniques, it is valuable to communicate these potential methodologies. This paper presents one such design approach to generate dimensions (length and width) for denitrification bioreactors treating agricultural drainage. Though this is just one approach, it is an engineering-based method developed to address the wide fluctuations in agricultural drainage flow rates. By coupling Darcy’s equation and the retention time model, bioreactor dimensions that allow treatment of a portion of peak estimated flow rate at an adequate retention time can be developed. The use of Darcy’s flow through porous media equation allows calculation of an allowable bioreactor flow rate given an iteratively chosen length and width. By then using these dimensions in the retention time model, an appropriate length and width can be refined. In addition to explaining the design method, this paper presents a range of values for each model parameter to allow site specific designs. Also, several denitrification bioreactor designs generated using this technique are described. Though this design approach is only a preliminary method, it provides a starting place for design optimization and further bioreactor design enhancement.
Hospitalization for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: Effect of an Asthma Codiagnosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common and expensive cause of hospitalization among US children, many of whom receive a codiagnosis of acute asthma. The objective of this study was to describe demographic characteristics, cost, length of stay (LOS), and adherence to clinical guidelines among these groups and to compare health care utilization and guideline adherence between them. METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from the Pediatric Health Information System. Children aged 2 to 18 who were hospitalized with uncomplicated CAP from July 1, 2007, to June 30, 2012 were included. Demographics, LOS, total standardized cost, and clinical guideline adherence were compared between patients with CAP only and CAP plus acute asthma. RESULTS: Among the 25 124 admissions, 57% were diagnosed with CAP only; 43% had a codiagnosis of acute asthma. The geometric mean for standardized cost was $4830; for LOS, it was 2.01 days. Eighty-four percent of patients had chest radiographs; CAP+acute asthma patients were less likely to have a blood culture performed (36% vs 62%, respectively) and more likely not to have a complete blood count performed (49% vs 27%, respectively). Greater guideline adherence was associated with higher cost at the patient-level but lower average cost per hospitalization at the hospital level. CAP+acute asthma patients had higher relative costs (11.8%) and LOS (5.6%) within hospitals and had more cost variation across hospitals, compared with patients with CAP only. CONCLUSIONS: A codiagnosis of acute asthma is common for children with CAP. This could be from misdiagnosis or co-occurrence. Diagnostic and/or management variability appears to be greater in patients with CAP+asthma, which may increase resource utilization and LOS for these patients.
Application of Chromosomal Microarray

Recognition of cytogenetic abnormalities in solid tumors is important to aid in decisions regarding the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients. Data obtained from DNA copy number microarray methodologies is allowing for heretofore unprecedented accuracy in identifying chromosomal anomalies. This chapter reviews pragmatic aspects of the application of DNA copy number microarray studies for genome-wide assessments of solid tumors, including discussions of the laboratory and analytic processes, the nomenclature used for reporting, and the selection of specimens that are optimal for testing. A review of the extant literature summarizing imbalances that have been recognized, to date, from the application of this technology to a variety of solid tumors is also presented, along with a review of regions with loss of heterozygosity that have been associated with solid tumors using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray platforms. Strengths, weaknesses, and applications of this methodology, primarily from a clinical application perspective, are also discussed.
Meaning threat can promote peaceful, not only military-based approaches to intergroup conflict: The moderating role of ingroup glorification

Most research on threat documents its negative consequences. Similarly, most research on intergroup contexts has emphasized their negative behavioral effects. Drawing on the Meaning Maintenance Model and recent perspectives on the potential for positivity in intergroup conflict, we predicted that meaning threat can produce both antisocial and prosocial responses to intergroup conflict, depending on people's preexisting meaning frameworks. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that under meaning threat, low ingroup glorifiers strengthened their support for peaceful conflict resolution, whereas high ingroup glorifiers strengthened their support for military-based conflict resolution. In the context of the Israel–Palestinian conflict, Study 3 found that low glorification was associated with greater support for peace during “hot” (but not “cold”) conflict, because hot conflict reduced their meaning in life. These findings are consistent with the notion that when meaning is threatened, people affirm their preexisting values—whether prosocial or antisocial—even in the context of intergroup conflict.
Impact of early do-not-attempt-resuscitation orders on procedures and outcomes of severe sepsis.

Abstract Purpose Do-not-attempt-resuscitation (DNAR) orders are common in severe sepsis, but the impact on clinical care is not known. Our primary objective was to determine the impact of early DNAR orders on in-hospital mortality and performance of key interventional procedures among severe sepsis hospitalizations. Our secondary objective was to further investigate what patient characteristics within the sepsis DNAR population affected outcomes. Methods Using the 2010-2011 California State Inpatient Dataset, we analyzed hospitalizations for adults admitted through the emergency department with severe sepsis. Our primary predictor was a DNAR order, and our outcomes were in-hospital mortality and performance of interventional procedures. Results Visits with early DNAR orders accounted for 20.3% of severe sepsis hospitalizations. An early DNAR order was a strong, independent predictor of higher in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 4.03; 95% confidence interval, 3.88-4.19) and lower performance of critical procedures: central venous line (OR, 0.70), mechanical ventilation (OR, 0.80), hemodialysis (OR, 0.61), and major operative procedure (OR, 0.46). Among those with early DNAR orders, older age and rural location were the strongest predictors for a lack of interventional procedures. Conclusion Although DNAR orders are not synonymous with “do not treat,” they may unintentionally limit aggressive treatment for severe sepsis patients, especially in older adults.
Formin-mediated epigenetic maintenance of centromere identity

Accurate chromosome segregation in mammalian cells is guided by the centromere, a specialized chromosome region defined by the histone H3 variant centromere protein A (CENP-A). It is not well understood how cells maintain CENP-A levels at centromeres while continuously going through genome replications and cell divisions. A MgcRacGAP-dependent small GTPase molecular switch has been shown as essential for centromeric CENP-A maintenance. By using quantitative imaging, pulse-chase and live cell analysis, a recent work has suggested that the diaphanous formin mDia2, a well-established small GTPase effector, functions downstream of this small GTPase pathway to maintain CENP-A levels at centromeres. A constitutively active mDia2 construct is able to rescue the CENP-A loading defect caused by MgcRacGAP depletion. This study has uncovered an unsuspected role of the cytoskeleton protein mDia2 as an effector of the MgcRacGAP-dependent small GTPase signaling inside the nucleus to participate in the epigenetic regulation of centromere maintenance during cell cycle.
Measuring Sexual Violence on Campus: Climate Surveys and Vulnerable Groups

ABSTRACTSince the 2014 Not Alone report on campus sexual assault, the use of climate surveys to measure sexual violence on campuses across the United States has increased considerably. The current study utilizes a quasi meta-analysis approach to examine the utility of general campus climate surveys, which include a measure of sexual violence, in comparison to sexual assault specific climate surveys, in measuring student sexual assault experiences. Past research has highlighted the need to not only understand campus sexual assault prevalence rates for the general student population, but also the specific risk posed to more vulnerable populations such as the lesbian, gay, bisexual, questioning/queer community (LGBQ) and Native American students. Results indicate that general campus climate surveys may be underestimating both the sexual victimization of the general student body as well as that of LGBQ and Native American students. Research and policy recommendations that focus on improved measurement of camp...
The Role of Bile Acids in Pediatric Cholestasis

Bile acid metabolism is clearly altered by liver disease. The converse, however, as to whether bile acids contribute to the pathogenesis of liver disease is cloudy. Hepatobiliary disease will result from the administration of bile acids, particularly lithocholic acid, to lower animal species. Does a human counterpart exist? This chapter reexamines the role of bile acids in cholestasis by considering four areas: 1) physiological cholestasis of the newborn; 2) bile acid related cholestasis; 3) inborn errors of bile acid metabolism; and 4) our results with medical therapy in pediatric cholestatic conditions.
(Re)Kindle: On the Value of Storytelling to Technical Communication

In an effort to expand the range of ways graduate programs prepare students to be scholars and practitioners in technical and professional communication, this article argues for a fresh direct reen...
State-local sales tax, spillover, and economic activity: examining county governments in the US

The reliance on sales taxation has increased in both states and counties. This study aggregated county-level data and empirically explored the associations between state-local sales taxes and econo...
Experiences and outcomes of foster care alumni in postsecondary education: A review of the literature

Experiences and outcomes of foster care alumni in postsecondary education: A review of the literature
Intergenerational Transfer and Reporting Bias: An Application of the MIMIC Model.

Objectives Parents' and adult children's reports of transfer do not always agree, because each has respective bias. This study demonstrates a method to separate reporting bias from transfer and identify their respective correlates. Method The analysis was based on 4,947 parent-child dyads from the Family Roster and Transfer Module added to the 2013 wave of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Drawing on classical test theory, a multiple-indicators-and-multiple-causes (MIMIC) model was used to decompose parents' and adult children's reports of time and money transfers into a latent factor (true transfer) and unique factors (bias). This model further identified respective covariates associated with true transfer and bias. Results A substantial amount of bias existed in parents' and adult children's reports. The self-enhancement hypothesis did not fully explain how resources to help and need for support relate to the direction of reporting bias. Some correlates of transfer identified in prior studies were associated with transfer only, some with bias only, and others with both transfer and bias. Discussion Bias is common in both parents' and adult children's reports of transfer. Separating bias from transfer and identifying their respective correlates makes it possible to explain why intergenerational transfer and reporting bias occur.
Biobutanol Production From Renewable Resources: Recent Advances

Abstract Butanol (n-butanol) is considered as an excellent fuel substitute for gasoline, superior to ethanol, and has been used as a valuable chemical feedstock in various industries. Biobased production of butanol (biobutanol) through the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process has a history of over 100 years and was the second largest industry in the first half of the 20th century. However, with the prosperity of the petrochemical industry, most ABE fermentation plants were closed and almost all butanol were produced through petrochemical routes in the past decades. In recent years, with the incessant fluctuations of crude oil prices and the awareness of environmental problems, renewed interests are evoked for the microbial production of butanol from renewable resources. In this book chapter, the properties of biobutanol for applications as a valuable fuel source and chemical feedstock are first discussed. Then the different butanol production routes include chemical routes and microbial fermentation routes are generally introduced. The history and the physiological pathways for ABE fermentation, as well as the microbial strains and renewable feedstocks used for biobutanol production are then summarized. Recent significant progresses in strain development and development of ABE fermentation processes are also reviewed. Although, the commercial ABE fermentation is now still not economically competitive, it is expected that, by taking advantages of the new technologies in all relevant aspects, this old industrial process will be revitalized again in the near future.
An algorithmic approach to rehabilitation following arthroscopic surgery for arthrofibrosis of the knee

ABSTRACTBackground and Purpose: Loss of knee range of motion (ROM) has been reported as the most common complication following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Arthrofibrosis of the knee, or specifically Cyclops syndrome, has been described as the formation of a scar tissue nodule adjacent to the tibial tunnel of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft. This lesion often results in loss of knee extension ROM, pain, and impaired function. Case Descriptions: Three consecutive patients were referred to physical therapy following arthroscopic knee surgery for lysis of adhesions of a Cyclops lesion from a previous ACLR. Arthroscopic debridement was performed between 3 and 12 months post ACLR. An algorithmic progression of extension ROM was the initial focus of physical therapy, which then advanced to strengthening, neuromuscular reeducation, and sport specific training. Outcome: Following knee surgery for debridement of the Cyclops lesion, mean knee joint ROM at the initial physical therapy...
Mimicking biological stress–strain behaviour with synthetic elastomers

A polymer code based on a triplet of parameters—network strand length, side-chain length and grafting density—enables materials to be designed with specific combinations of mechanical properties to mimic biological materials. Controlling mechanical properties, such as stress–strain behaviour, in synthetic polymers often involves screening many samples with different molecular weights, compositions and architectures, and iterating towards the desired properties. However, it is difficult to predict what molecular make-up will yield the desired stress–strain curve, particularly in the case of strain-hardening materials that mimic the mechanical properties of biological tissues such as cartilage, muscle and lungs. Here, Sergei Sheiko and colleagues develop a method to derive grafting density, side-chain length and network strand length for brush- and comb-like polymer networks. This triplet of parameters can be calculated directly from a given stress–strain curve, enabling researchers to predict and synthesize a specific composition and architecture to get the desired mechanical properties, rather than relying on trial-and-error, synthesis-heavy approaches. Despite the versatility of synthetic chemistry, certain combinations of mechanical softness, strength, and toughness can be difficult to achieve in a single material. These combinations are, however, commonplace in biological tissues, and are therefore needed for applications such as medical implants, tissue engineering, soft robotics, and wearable electronics1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Present materials synthesis strategies are predominantly Edisonian, involving the empirical mixing of assorted monomers, crosslinking schemes, and occluded swelling agents, but this approach yields limited property control2,10,11,12,13,14,15,16. Here we present a general strategy for mimicking the mechanical behaviour of biological materials by precisely encoding their stress–strain curves in solvent-free brush- and comb-like polymer networks (elastomers). The code consists of three independent architectural parameters—network strand length, side-chain length and grafting density. Using prototypical poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers, we illustrate how this parametric triplet enables the replication of the strain-stiffening characteristics of jellyfish, lung, and arterial tissues.
Service-Concatenation Routing with Applications to Network Functions Virtualization

Interest in network functions virtualization (NFV) continues to grow due to its perceived benefits to both service providers and users. One of the main challenges in realizing NFV has to do with orchestration of virtual functions deployed in various locations across the network. In this work, we consider the service-concatenation routing problem, where the objective is to construct a path of minimum cost that visits a set of nodes where virtual services are to be applied to the user's traffic in a specific order. We first show that this problem can be modeled as the shortest path tour problem (SPTP) that has been studied in different contexts. We then review and implement a suite of algorithms that use a variety of solution approaches for tackling SPTP, and we also develop a new algorithm. Finally, we carry out a comprehensive experimental evaluation of all algorithms and demonstrate that our algorithm scales well to large problem instances and is suitable for real-time operation as part of the orchestration process in NFV environments.
Internal rotor airgap-less electric motors

This paper proposes a new family of electric motors based on the concept of an airgap-less device with an internal rotor. The internal flux and therefore electromagnetic torque is maximized because the rotor is allowed to touch the stator. The proposed family of motors are competitive in applications where hydraulic motors are prevalent, i.e., low-speed and high-torque requirements. Furthermore, the proposed motors present the following advantages over hydraulic motors: (1) higher efficiency, (2) lower number of energy conversion stages, and (3) converts electrical energy directly to mechanical energy with no extra braking system. The modeling, simulation and experimental validation are presented in this paper as well. A proof-of-concept electric motor with six magnetic poles is built to validate the theoretical assumptions.
Proximal tibial resorption in a modern total knee prosthesis.

Abstract Background In an effort to minimize backside polyethylene wear and osteolysis associated with titanium tibial baseplates, many manufacturers have transitioned to cobalt chromium alloys. Recent literature has implicated thicker cobalt chromium designs as a potential source of increased stress shielding and resorption. We report the incidence of proximal tibial bone resorption in a large consecutive series of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, with a modern total knee design. Methods Four hundred thirty-two consecutive primary total knee arthroplasties, performed by 2 fellowship-trained arthroplasty surgeons were identified over a 24-month period. In addition to review of the medical records, analysis of preoperative and postoperative radiographs was performed. Utilizing a novel classification system, the severity of resorption was quantified and correlated with patient and implant characteristics. Results After exclusions, 339 knees were evaluated in 292 patients. Mean follow-up was 13.2 months (range 6-41). Resorption was present in 119 knees (35.1%). Average time to diagnosis of bone loss was 6.9 months (range 2-32) postoperatively. There was a statistically significant difference between resorption and nonresorption groups with regards to gender and preoperative alignment. Most cases were classified as Grade 1. During the study period, 2 patients required revision for aseptic tibial loosening. Conclusions Our findings suggest that proximal tibial resorption is common with this particular implant, particularly in men and patients with preoperative varus deformity. Although this typically occurs relatively early in postoperative period and in most cases appears to remodel and stabilize, its ultimate clinical significance and effect on implant survivorship remains unclear.
Vehicular blocktrees

Every day autonomous vehicles will independently generate terabytes of unverified data. In the case of an accident involving multiple stakeholders with various (dis)incentives to honestly report, the question arises how to reconstruct the accident scene with validated and authenticated data without relying on a centralized authority. In this paper, we introduce Proof of Physics (PoP), a consensus mechanism whereby environmental (sensor) data is persisted only after audit and computational agreement that the recorded event occurred. Vehicles perform permissionless (e.g., requiring no centralized authority) writes of the signatures of their recorded events and associated content. The blocktree aggregates the verified data enabling querying over validated historic events. We evaluate the blocktree security by analyzing the ability of a malicious attacker to successfully fork the vehicle blocktree. We show that the attacker's success probability approaches negligible as the number of vehicle witnesses and confirmations increases.
Environmental Factors in Obesity

There are indications that the view which dichotomizes internal and external controls of feeding behavior is too simple to explain differences between overweight and normal weight individuals. The extreme separation of these factors no longer appears to be conceptually useful or empirically supported.
Designing Optimum Protein-Excipient Interactions using Molecular Docking Simulations

Abstract As the market for protein drugs is constantly increasing, methods to ensure the stability of the final drug formulation are needed. The choice of excipient in the protein drug formulation can lower the probability of protein aggregation through interactions between the excipient and aggregation prone regions (hot spots) on the protein. The following work uses molecular docking simulations to predict protein excipient interaction regions on the protein and then compares the results with hydrogen- deuterium exchange experiment results. A method using a combination of computer- aided molecular design and molecular docking simulations is proposed to find an optimum excipient minimizing aggregation probability for any particular protein.
Effect of Flocculation on Gypsum Filtration Efficiency

Improvement in filtration efficiency of gypsum upon flocculation is determined to be due to reduction in the blockage of filter media pores and in the filter cake resistance. An optimum in polymer dosage is explained in terms of stabilization of fines and deformability of the flocs formed. Anionic polyacrylamides were found to be more effective filter aids than cationic polymers.
Accelerators for Positron Emission Tomography

The positron emitters Carbon-11, Nitrogen-13, Oxygen-15 and Fluorine-18 can be conveniently produced using low energy particle accelerators. The requirement is for these accelerators to deliver particle beams of sufficient energy to bring about the required nuclear reactions and with sufficient beam current to bring about practical yields of the required radionuclides. Table 1 lists the positron emitters, their characteristics and the most common nuclear reactions for their production which are in use today.
2.41 – Aging and Memory

This chapter provides a review of studies assessing the changes that occur in different memory systems and processes from young adulthood to old age. The evidence reviewed indicates interesting differential patterns of development in adulthood and old age that depend on different factors, including the task and the memory type involved. Several theoretical accounts at different levels of generality that have been suggested to explain the age-related patterns of memory development, and especially of episodic memory deficits, are discussed. Finally, a unified approach is suggested that may serve as a departure point to further advance our knowledge of age-related changes in memory.
Emergency response to occupational brucellosis in a pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise.

OBJECTIVES Human brucellosis, as a zoonosis, is a serious public health problem in many developing countries, including China. To date, there has been no case report on occupational brucellosis and the emergency response in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. The aim of this report is to describe an emergency brucellosis outbreak in this unusual setting and the associated treatment methods from an occupational health perspective. METHODS The emergency response included a field epidemiological investigation, a hierarchy of control strategy, and validation of control measures. RESULTS Seven workers in the defrosting, grinding, and hydrolysis departments suffered from human brucellosis during two periods. The main symptoms were whole-body joint pain and undulant fever for several weeks, and Brucella-specific serum antibody was found in the patients. A hierarchy of exposure control strategy was implemented, including elimination, engineering control, administrative control, and the use of personal protection equipment. Raw material and environmental monitoring, measurement of placental temperature, Escherichia coli inactivation tests, and health examinations demonstrated that these measures were effective. CONCLUSIONS This report describes an emergent case and the response to two consecutive outbreaks of occupational brucellosis among workers in a pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprise. The hierarchical control strategy used in this case may prevent new outbreaks, and several lessons can be learned from this event.
Abstract C56: An online-based storytelling video intervention on promoting Korean American female college students' HPV vaccine uptake

Introduction: Korean American (KA) women are at high risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer, yet they have low awareness and knowledge about HPV vaccine, and subsequently have low HPV vaccine uptake rates. Therefore, it is imperative to develop culturally appropriate education interventions to reduce the health disparities. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an online storytelling intervention to promote HPV vaccine uptake by conducting a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT). Method: We recruited 104 participants from multiple sites in six different states in Northeast. Participants were eligible if they were current KA female college students between the ages of 18-26 and who have not been vaccinated for HPV. This study was implemented in an innovative online laboratory from data collection to experimentation. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (a storytelling video) or control group (written information). The effects of the intervention were assessed at post-intervention and 2-month follow-up. Results: Both experimental group and control group improved in knowledge and attitudes from baseline to post-intervention. However, the experimental group had higher overall knowledge score, satisfaction with the education program, and intention to get the HPV vaccine within 1 year and was twice as likely to receive or schedule an appointment for the HPV vaccine compared with the control group (15.6% vs. 7.1%). Conclusion: This pilot study provides evidence in support of the effectiveness of the storytelling video intervention in using an innovative online laboratory setting aimed at HPV and HPV-related cancer prevention. Citation Format: Minjin Kim, Haeok Lee, Teri Aronowitz, Lisa Kennedy Sheldon, Peter Kiang, Jeroan Allison, Ling Shi. An online-based storytelling video intervention on promoting Korean American female college students9 HPV vaccine uptake [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C56.
Risk of second breast cancer events with chronic opioid use in breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE Opioids may increase cancer risk and progression through multiple pathways. Our objective was to estimate the association between chronic opioid use and risk of second breast cancer events (SBCEs). METHODS Cohort study of women greater than or equal to 18 years, diagnosed with early stage breast cancer between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2008, and enrolled in a large health plan for 1+ years before and after (unless died) diagnosis. SBCEs were defined as evidence of recurrence or second primary breast cancer in the medical chart. Chronic opioid use was defined as 75+ days of use in any moving 90-day window after breast cancer diagnosis and varied to 150+ days in a 180-day window in a sensitivity analysis. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SBCE and components of SBCE by chronic opioid use. RESULTS Almost 10% met the criteria for chronic use and almost a third of users were taking opioids for greater than 3 years. Risk of SBCEs (HR = 1.20; 95% CI, 0.85-1.70), including second primary breast cancer (HR = 1.38; 95% CI, 0.71-2.70), was nonsignificantly higher among chronic users vs nonchronic/nonusers. The HR for recurrence was 1.14 (95% CI, 0.76-2.70). Results of the sensitivity analyses on longer opioid use does support an association with SBCE or recurrence. CONCLUSION This first US-based study on chronic opioid use and cancer outcomes provides some reassurance on safety. However, the question warrants further exploration in other populations and settings.
Stratifying Ovarian Cancer Risk Using Personal Health Data.

PURPOSE: Screening the general population for ovarian cancer is not recommended by every major medical or public health organization because the harms from screening outweigh the benefit it provides. To improve ovarian cancer detection and survival many are looking at high- risk populations who would benefit from screening. METHODS: We train a neural network on readily available personal health data to predict and stratify ovarian cancer risk. We use two different datasets to train our network: The National Health Interview Survey and Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. RESULTS: Our model has an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.71. We further demonstrate how the model could be used to stratify patients into different risk categories. A simple 3-tier scheme classifies 23.8% of those with cancer and 1.0% of those without as high-risk similar to genetic testing, and 1.1% of those with cancer and 24.4% of those without as low risk. CONCLUSION: The developed neural network offers a cost-effective and non-invasive way to identify those who could benefit from targeted screening.
The Evolving Transformations of Disability in Dubai Between 1980 and 2012

To examine the transformation of disability policy in the city of Dubai is to examine how the daily lives of people with disabilities are affected by these policies. This chapter explores in detail the evolution of disability policy in Dubai between 1980 and 2012 in two parts. The first explores the concept of urban transformation by highlighting the role that key legal, political, social, and cultural events played in shaping the evolution of disability services leading up to my first visit to Dubai in 2007. The second offers discussion of empirical findings from extensive fieldwork I conducted between 2007 and 2012. Findings were derived from numerous interviews, surveys, and focus groups aimed at answering the following questions: What steps have planners and policymakers taken to make Dubai more inclusive of people with disabilities, what impact has this had, and what broader lessons can be drawn from the experience?
Pulmonary hypertension and chronic hypoventilation in ROHHAD syndrome treated with average-volume assured pressure support

Introduction: Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) syndrome is an exceptionally rare clinical entity with significant morbidity and high mortality with challenging-to-treat hypoventilation. Case presentation: An 11-year-old morbidly obese Chinese female presented with a putative diagnosis of ROHHAD associated with a left psoas ganglioneuroma. Initial polysomnography showed severe obstructive sleep apnea and hypoventilation. She was not adherent to prescribed non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). Echocardiography demonstrated evidence of pulmonary hypertension, likely secondary to chronic hypoventilation. With behavioral modification and trial of average volume-assured pressure support (AVAPS), adherence improved with eventual improvement of her pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion: AVAPS may improve ventilation and NIPPV adherence in central hypoventilation disorders such as ROHHAD, reducing risk of morbidity and mortality. Key words: Pulmonary hypertension; Hypoventilation; Positive pressure ventilation; sleep Apnea; Obstructive; Polysomnography; ROHHAD
The TOPAS tool for particle simulation, a Monte Carlo simulation tool for physics, biology and clinical research.

Abstract Purpose This paper covers recent developments and applications of the TOPAS TOol for PArticle Simulation and presents the approaches used to disseminate TOPAS. Materials and methods Fundamental understanding of radiotherapy and imaging is greatly facilitated through accurate and detailed simulation of the passage of ionizing radiation through apparatus and into a patient using Monte Carlo (MC). TOPAS brings Geant4, a reliable, experimentally validated MC tool mainly developed for high energy physics, within easy reach of medical physicists, radiobiologists and clinicians. Requiring no programming knowledge, TOPAS provides all of the flexibility of Geant4. Results After 5 years of development followed by its initial release, TOPAS was subsequently expanded from its focus on proton therapy physics to incorporate radiobiology modeling. Next, in 2018, the developers expanded their user support and code maintenance as well as the scope of TOPAS towards supporting X-ray and electron therapy and medical imaging. Improvements have been achieved in user enhancement through software engineering and a graphical user interface, calculational efficiency, validation through experimental benchmarks and QA measurements, and either newly available or recently published applications. A large and rapidly increasing user base demonstrates success in our approach to dissemination of this uniquely accessible and flexible MC research tool. Conclusions The TOPAS developers continue to make strides in addressing the needs of the medical community in applications of ionizing radiation to medicine, creating the only fully integrated platform for four-dimensional simulation of all forms of radiotherapy and imaging with ionizing radiation, with a design that promotes inter-institutional collaboration.
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and the Five Stages Model In Selected Social Work Textbooks

Professional social work is a discipline in which practitioners often find themselves engaged in addressing issues related to illness, crises, and loss. Professional social work is also a disciplin...
Augmented simulation methods for discrete stochastic optimization with recourse

We develop an augmented simulation approach to solve discrete stochastic optimization problems by converting them into a grand simulation problem in the joint space of random and decision variables. The optimal decision is obtained via the mode of the augmented probability model, using a new multivariate extension of the classic Barker’s algorithm. Illustrations on different versions of univariate and multivariate discrete news-vendor problems with exogenous and endogenous uncertainties are detailed. We contrast our method with the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, the nested sampling-based augmented simulation method, and traditional Monte Carlo simulation-based optimization schemes. The proposed method is shown to be computationally efficient and could serve as another tool to solve discrete stochastic optimization problems with recourse.
Transperineal Prostate Biopsy Improves the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer among Men on Active Surveillance

Purpose:Transperineal prostate biopsy offers improved sampling of the anterior prostate compared to the transrectal approach. The objective of this study was to determine if transperineal prostate ...