cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multigoal Water Quality Planning Model

A nonlinear programming river basin model is presented which can be solved for the least-cost combination of treatment strategies to meet some predetermined quality goals. The model presented is unique in two respects: (1) the interaction of temperature and dissolved oxygen levels is explicitly modeled; and (2) five alternative treatment strategies are examined. Although both the behavior of thermal and oxygen demanding wastes have been modeled in a river, they are always modeled independently even though it is well known that the level of the temperature affects the rates of oxidation reactions and the saturation level of oxygen. In the model presented these relations are explicitly assumed. The treatment strategies examined simultaneously are on-site treatment, regional treatment, by-pass piping, flow augmentation, and cooling towers.
Terminal sialylation is altered in airway cells with impaired CFTR-mediated chloride transport.

Reduced terminal sialylation at the surface of airway epithelial cells from patients with cystic fibrosis may predispose them to bacterial infection. To determine whether a lack of chloride transpo...
Understanding the Role of the Sulfide Redox Couple (S2–/Sn2–) in Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells

The presence of sulfide/polysulfide redox couple is crucial in achieving stability of metal chalcogenide (e.g., CdS and CdSe)-based quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSC). However, the interfacial charge transfer processes play a pivotal role in dictating the net photoconversion efficiency. We present here kinetics of hole transfer, characterization of the intermediates involved in the hole oxidation of sulfide ion, and the back electron transfer between sulfide radical and electrons injected into TiO2 nanoparticles. The kinetic rate constant (107–109 s–1) for the hole transfer obtained from the emission lifetime measurements suggests slow hole scavenging from CdSe by S2– is one of the limiting factors in attaining high overall efficiency. The presence of the oxidized couple, by addition of S or Se to the electrolyte, increases the photocurrent, but it also enhances the rate of back electron transfer.
Influence of Trap Height on Captures of Japanese Beetles

Traps for Popillia japonica Newman which contained either methyl cyclohexanepropionate-cugenol (9:1) or phenethyl butyrate-eugenol (9:1) were significantly more attractive when the upper edges of the capture funnels were 22 or 44 in above ground than when the edges were at ground level. Methyl cyclohexanepropionate-eugenol (9:1) was more than twice as attractive as phenethyl butyrate at all heights, but neither lure was significantly more attractive at 22 in, above the ground than at 44. in.
Systematics and phylogeography of Cerion sensu stricto (Pulmonata: Cerionidae) from Aruba, Curacao and Bonaire

The systematic relationships of the Cerion uva complex and its constituent taxa are reviewed based on partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase I and 16S rDNA genes from 19 populations spanning the geographic range of the species complex and including the type localities of 8 of the 9 subspecies and forms. Molecular data support the conclusion of prior morphometric studies that all living Cerion inhabit- ing Aruba, Curacao and Bonaire are members of a single species, C. uva. Sequence variability among and within populations is not sufficiently discontinuous to segregate populations into discrete, species- level taxa. Three of four subspecies, proposed on the basis of geographic isolation during the Quaternary, C. uva uva (Linnaeus, 1758), the nominotypical subspecies from eastern Curacao, C. uva knipensis Baker, 1924, from western Curacao, and C. uva bonairensis Baker, 1924, from Bonaire, are all supported by dis- tinctive haplotypes. Cerion uva arubanum Baker, 1924, a taxon based on living specimens from Aruba, is shown to be a synonym of C. uva uva, with which it shares a preponderance of haplotypes. It is conjec- tured that C. uva was widespread on Aruba during the Quaternary, but had become extinct on that island, and was reintroduced from a population near Willemstad in eastern Curacao by humans (either by Caquetio Indians or by European settlers) within the past 800 years. Further investigation is needed to determine if Quaternary Aruban Cerion warrant subspecific recognition. On the island of Curacao, molecular data lend support to the partition of the Cerion fauna into C. uva knipensis, which is confined to an isolated western region, as defined by Baker, and C. uva uva, which inhabits a broad, eastern region that is composed of Baker's central and eastern regions. A population at Ronde Klip in eastern Curacao has remained genetically isolated, and retains subspecific status as C. uva diablensis Baker, 1924. A neotype is designated for Turbo uva Linnaeus, 1758, as is necessary to provide an objective standard of ref- erence for this species-group taxon, and for the genus- and family-level taxa based upon it.
A program model for nurses involved with cancer education of black Americans

Abstract In the last 30 years, cancer incidence rates for black Americans have increased 27% in contrast to an increase of 12% for white cancer rates. In answer to this obvious need for intervention to lower the incidence and mortality rates, the Oncology Nursing Society held a one‐day workshop which focused on the primary prevention of cancer in black Americans. For the 40 workshop openings, 540 black nurses from 40 states responded to a call for applicants. The impact of the workshop was measured by four pre‐ and post‐tests which provided both qualitative and quantitative data and indicated that the experience made a significant impact on the participants. The workshop content focused on the epidemiology of the cancers which are most frequently found in blacks, cultural attitudes toward these cancers, and techniques for early detection. The success of the workshop was due to the active involvement of the participants in the learning process and serves as a model for training minority nurses for active, ...
The present Situation and Progress of Moderate Temperature Curing Epoxy Resin

In this paper, the Present situation and the recent progress of latent moderate temperature curing epoxy resin system were introduced, especially the progress of dicyandiamide/epoxy resin system, imidazole/epoxy resin system, and acid anhydride/epoxy resin system. The promoters for the curing systems are also introduced and the development and the progress are prospected.
The Building of Fastener Management Mode

Currently,the fact that how effectively fastener is used in automobile enterprises is yet to be systematically reflected. Product engineers have to design and choose fasteners according to needs of parts,which in turn will add difficulties for engineers to choose and check fasteners,waste human resources,material resources and increase purchasing cost. The article studies the building of fastener management mode so as to achieve segmentation and professional management of auto parts,lower costs and enhance the overall quality of auto products.
ACTION RECOGNITION BASED ON MULTI-LEVEL REPRESENTATION OF 3D SHAPE

A novel algorithm has been proposed for recognizing human actions using a combination of shape descriptors. Every human action is considered as a 3D space time shape and the shape descriptors based on the 3D Euclidean distance transform and the Radon transform are used for its representation. The Euclidean distance transform gives a suitable internal representation where the interior values correspond to the action performed. By taking the gradient of this distance transform, the space time shape is divided into different number of levels with each level representating a coarser version of the original space time shape. Then, at each level and at each frame, the Radon transform is applied from where action features are extracted. The action features are the R-Transform feature set which gives the posture variations of the human body with respect to time and the R-Translation vector set which gives the translatory variation. The combination of these action features is used in a nearest neighbour classifier for action recognition.
Relationship of galectin-3 with obesity, IL-6, and CRP in women

To evaluate the association of galectin-3 (Gal3) with obesity and inflammatory status in a cohort of metabolically healthy, predominantly African-American women with varying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as determined by CRP levels. We assessed the association between BMI and serum levels of Gal3, IL-6, CRP, and adiponectin in metabolically healthy women (N = 97) to determine the overall association between Gal3, obesity, and inflammation in groups at different CVD risk. Obese women had significantly higher serum Gal3 compared to non-obese participants (P = 0.0016), although Gal3 levels were comparable among different classes of obesity. BMI (R 2 = 0.1406, P = 0.0013), IL-6 (R 2 = 0.0689, P = 0.035), and CRP (R 2 = 0.0468, P = 0.0419), but not adiponectin, positively predicted the variance of Gal3 levels in the total study population. However, the predicting effect of BMI (R 2 = 0.2923, P = 0.0125) and inflammation (R 2 = 0.3138, P = 0.038) on Gal3 was only present in women at low/moderate risk of CVD (CRP ≤ 3 µg/mL). Gal3 is positively correlated with obesity and inflammation in women, while the presence of elevated CVD risk may disturb the strength of Gal3 as a biomarker of inflammation.
9 – Effect of wet processing and chemical finishing on fabric hand

Publisher Summary Hand or handle is an elusive quality of fabric that is usually defined as the subjective assessment of a textile material obtained from the sense of touch. For subjective assessments, the terms silky, soft, and smooth are the most frequently used descriptors. Among other descriptors are scroopy, beefy, bouncy, lively, and dead. These subjective descriptors have evolved from people's attempts to describe the feel of the fabric on their hand. Techniques for objectively quantifying hand have been developed from measurement of an array of physical properties and correlation of these objective measurements with human subjective assessments. Many factors contribute to hand; for example, the influence of fiber, yarn and fabric construction, and dyeing and finishing. The hand of most greige woven and knitted fabrics would not resemble the final hand of the dyed and finished end product; they must be wet processed before they are suitable for their intended use. The hand of greige fabric is the product of the woven or knitted construction plus the presence of non-fibrous materials. Subsequent wet processing steps remove the non-fibrous materials and alter the construction. The basic steps in wet processing are preparation, dyeing, and finishing. The sum total of all wet processing steps would impact the final hand of the fabric. In many cases, process conditions are chosen to achieve the desired final hand.
Electrical Properties and Ferromagnetism in (Ga,Cr)As

MBE-grown (Ga,Cr)As has interesting electric and magnetic properties. Ga 1-x Cr x As with x = 0.1 exhibits short-range ferromagnetic behavior at low temperatures. This is manifest in several anomalous properties: magnetization does not scale with B/T; fitting M(B) requires a model of distributed magnetic cluster or polarons; and inverse susceptibility is nonliner in T (non-Curie-Weiss) at low fields. At room temperature, the conductivity is activated and Hall measurements yield a hole concentration of ∼10 20 cm -3 , indicating that chromium acts as an acceptor similar to Mn in GaAs. For decreasing temperature, the conductivity decreases by eight orders of magnitude and follows σ ∼ exp(1/T 1/2 ).
Discrimination and Sexual Harassment

In 1991, an African-American man named Rodney King was stopped by four Los Angeles police officers and beaten mercilessly. Luckily for him, the beating was captured on a home video camera and subsequently played for the entire world to see his non-violent response to these police officers. Would he have been so seriously beaten if he had been White? Was he discriminated against by the Los Angeles police department and if so, was it a systematic policy or simply widespread discrimination of Blacks by police officers there? These were interesting questions that were put to the test by taking the case to the jury. The four officers were charged and prosecuted under the state law in a county that had mostly White people in the jury pool. They found the officers not guilty and riots broke out in downtown Los Angeles. Civil rights attorneys decided to take the case to Federal Court and they filed complaints against the police officers using the theory that they violated the constitutional rights of Rodney King by using uncalled for violence during their arrest. Although widely criticized for violating the police officer’s rights against ‘double jeopardy’ or being tried twice for the same act, two of the officers were found guilty by a jury more racially reflective of the city of Los Angeles.
Discrete Time Specifications In Temporal Queries

Analysis, exploration, and visualization of time-oriented data are ubiquitous tasks in various application domains, all of which involve the execution of temporal queries. Prior research in interactively specifying the time component for such queries has been focused on defining temporal relationships in data, i.e., querying event sequences through ordinal patterns. However, there has been much less emphasis on how to specify time as a quantitative data dimension in temporal queries. Motivated by the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), we present a formal model that can be used to represent complex time specifications. Our model is the first step in an effort to enhance temporal user interfaces that enables discrete time specifications through a visual query interface.
U-Pb systematics and trace element characteristics in titanite from a high-pressure mafic granulite

Abstract Simultaneous acquisition of U-Pb isotope ratios and trace element abundances across titanite crystals formed in an anatectic, high pressure granulite using LA-ICP-MS split-stream analysis has enabled evaluation of titanite compositional systematics and intracrystalline variability during growth and residence in high-temperature, melt-present environments. Although the titanite studied here have a comparatively low initial Pb (Pb 0 ) component (Pb 0 /Pb*), the Pb 0 is highly radiogenic relative to model crustal values, indicating inheritance from U-bearing accessory minerals consumed in the melt/titanite-forming reactions. Additionally, titanite crystals typically exhibit core-rim decreases in Pb 0 /Pb*, as defined by 204 Pb/ 206 Pb, calculated 206 Pb 0 / 206 Pb T , and uncorrected 206 Pb/ 238 U spot date profiles. Near the margins this is clearly dominated by local U-enrichment, but in the uniformly low-U interiors outwardly decreasing Pb 0 /Pb* appears to reflect decreasing Pb 0 concentrations during growth. The positive correlation among Pb 0 and Sr concentrations in crystal interiors over length scales of hundreds of micrometers is consistent with each having experienced similarly small degrees of diffusional relaxation, Given the high crystallization temperatures (> 800 °C) and likely slow cooling rates (~ 5 °C), our data support slow Pb diffusivity in titanite, even at high temperature conditions, as has been proposed in a number of recent studies. Along the outer ~ 50–100 μm, U, Th, Zr, and REE concentrations are variably elevated relative to the crystal interiors, with profiles taking one of two forms: 1) sharply increasing to highest concentrations inboard from the crystal edge and decreasing again to lower values near the crystal edge, or 2) gradually increasing to highest concentrations nearest the crystal edge. High-contrast BSE imaging shows that the former profiles are associated with ~ 1–2 μm wide bright bands surrounding polygonal subgrains that tend to be developed where titanite is (or formerly was) in contact with matrix feldspar (i.e. crystallized melt), and are inferred to represent trace-element-enriched dissolution-precipitation reaction fronts. The latter profiles are associated with diffuse, locally wispy, brightness gradients adjacent to resorbed crystal boundaries, subgrain boundaries, or thicker bright bands formed in contact with matrix hornblende crystals, and are interpreted as regions of enhanced element mobility potentially resulting from the development of local micro-porosity pathways at some point in the recrystallization process.
An Mtb-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals that Bacterial LpqN Antagonizes CBL, a Host Ubiquitin Ligase that Regulates the Balance Between Anti-Viral and Anti-Bacterial Responses

Although macrophages are armed with potent anti-bacterial functions, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) replicates inside these innate immune cells. Determinants of macrophage-intrinsic bacterial control, and the Mtb strategies to overcome them are poorly understood. To further study these processes, we used a systematic affinity tag purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) approach to identify 187 Mtb-human protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involving 34 secreted Mtb proteins. This interaction map revealed two new factors involved in Mtb pathogenesis -- the secreted Mtb protein, LpqN, and its binding partner, the human ubiquitin ligase CBL. We discovered that an lpqN Mtb mutant is attenuated in macrophages, but growth is restored when CBL is removed. Conversely, Cbl-/- macrophages are resistant to viral infection, indicating that CBL regulates cell-intrinsic polarization between anti-bacterial and anti-viral immunity. Collectively, these findings illustrate the utility of this Mtb-human PPI map as a resource for developing a deeper understanding of the intricate interactions between Mtb and its host.
Human Genome Editing: An Evolving Regulatory Climate

Human genome editing is the most consequential genetic technology for precision medicine to emerge in many years. Although genome-editing techniques have been available for more than a decade, the recently developed CRISPR-Cas9 system, in particular, has become the genome-editing technology of choice because of its ease of use and efficiency. Theoretically, the uses of genome-editing technology in humans can be divided into two major branches: the use in somatic cells for treating or preventing disease, and the use in gametes or embryos for research or germline modification in human reproduction. From that division, these branches diverge in terms of ethical, social and political impacts, and they also diverge with respect to regulatory responses from governments and professional organizations and the development of consensus norms. Already, genome-editing technologies are in human clinical trials, and genome-editing experiments on viable human embryos have been conducted. This article will situate genome editing in the lineage of human genetic modification technologies that originated in the 1970s. It will then briefly describe the major branches of application for human genome-editing technology, summarize the state of technical developments as of this writing, and provide a short overview of the relevant U.S. regulatory responses to date and those that may develop in the future.
Osseous Vascularity of the Medial Elbow After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction: A Comparison of the Docking and Modified Jobe Techniques.

Background:Although vascularity plays a critical role in healing after ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction, intraosseous blood flow to the medial epicondyle (ME) and sublime tubercle rem...
Specificity of the Adaptive Immune Response to the Gut Microbiota

The adaptive immune response to normal gut bacteria is part of a homeostatic process that is neither ignorance nor tolerance. Through both targeted and meta-genome sequencing of the gut microbiota, we now know more about the microbial population that inhabits the gut environment than any previous generation. Defining the specificity of the adaptive immune response to gut symbionts and the impact of this specificity on the gut barrier function is still limited by lack of comprehensive data. The evolution of the gut microbiota over millenia with its host provides stability to the present-day microbiota in the presence and absence of the adaptive and innate immune system. Intrinsic factors within each member of the microbiota modulate the immunostimulatory capacity of gut bacteria. Three of these factors, ecological fitness, antigenic degeneracy, and pathogenicity, will control the level of immune response to a given organism in the community. Future research that defines the specificity of microbiota-reactive T and B cells will provide insight into both normal homeostasis as well as the pathology of inflammatory and metabolic diseases associated with the gut microbiome.
How did the effects of alcohol on reproduction become scientifically uninteresting

L'utilisation de modeles animaux crea des tensions entre les secteurs biologiques et medicaux americains au debut du XX e siecle et suscita des polemiques entre les biologistes et les medecins qui n'ont alors pas porte d'interet aux effets de l'alcool sur la reproduction. Ce n'est qu'a partir de 1970 que de nouveaux travaux en biologie experimentale ont permis de demontrer les dangers de l'alcool
cAMP-MEDIATED AND NON-cAMP-MEDIATED HORMONAL CONTROL OF LIVER GLYCOGENOLYSIS

ABSTRACT Glucagon at physiological concentrations rapidly activates phosphorylase and glucose release in isolated rat liver parenchymal cells. The changes in these parameters are well correlated with accumulation of cAMP and activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase with respect to time course and hormone concentration. The data support the view that cAMP is the sole mediator of glucagon action on hepatic glycogenolysis. Epinephrine at supraphysiological concentrations causes transient accumulation of cAMP and activation of protein kinase and phosphorylase in hepatocytes. Abolition of the cAMP increase with β-adrenergic blockers prevents the activation of protein kinase, but does not diminish the rise in phosphorylase a . However, α-adrenergic blockade greatly diminishes phosphorylase a without affecting cAMP accumulation or protein kinase activation. The data thus indicate that the actions of epinephrine on hepatic glycogen metabolism largely involve α-adrenergic receptors and that the β-adrenergic-cAMP system plays a minor role. Consistent with these findings, the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine activates phosphorylase and glucose release in hepatocytes without increasing cAMP or activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase. In hepatocytes preincubated with EGTA to deplete cell calcium, basal phosphorylase a is low. The stimulatory effects of phenylephrine, epinephrine, vasopressin and the divalent cation ionophore A23187 on the enzyme are reduced, whereas those of glucagon, cAMP and the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol are unaffected. Readdition of calcium rapidly restores basal phosphorylase a and the effects of α-agonists, vasopressin, and A23187. Phenylephrine and vasopressin, but not isoproterenol, rapidly stimulate 45Ca fluxes in hepatocytes. Glycogenolytically equivalent concentrations of glucagon have minimal effects, but higher doses are effective. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that α-adrenergic agonists and vasopressin alter liver cell calcium fluxes such that there is a rise in cytosolic Ca++. This leads to activation of phosphorylase through stimulation of the calcium-sensitive enzyme phosphorylase kinase.
Medical Paternalism – Part 2

Medical clinicians – doctors, nurses, nurse practitioners etc. – are charged to act for the good of their patients. But not all ways of acting for a patient's good are on par: some are paternalistic; others are not. What does it mean to act paternalistically, both in general and specifically in a medical context? And when, if ever, is it permissible for a clinician to act paternalistically? In Medical Paternalism Part 1, I answered the first question. This paper answers the second. The place of paternalism in clinical medicine is best understood, I argue, in terms of the potential for conflict between the autonomy principle and the beneficence principle. The first enjoins clinicians to respect the decisions of patients with respect to their (the patients') own care. The second enjoins clinicians to act for the good of their patients. Clinicians act paternalistically, I argue, when they act on the beneficence principle to the exclusion of the autonomy principle. Understanding just what these principles amount to (particularly the autonomy principle) reveals that the autonomy principle defeasibly trumps the beneficence principle and that, as a result, acting paternalistically (at least when it comes to competent patients) is presumptively impermissible.
Hydrochlorothizide-induced acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis presenting with bilateral periorbital impetigo

Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a severe cutaneous adverse reaction characterised by the appearance of erythematous plaques and papules with overlying non-follicular pinpoint pustules. Drugs are the cause of AGEP in approximately 90% of cases. The most common causes include anti-infective agents (aminopenicillins, quinolones, antibacterial sulfonamides and terbinafine), antimalarials and diltiazem. To the best of our knowledge, to date there has only been one report of hydrochlorothiazide-induced AGEP. There has never been a case report of losartan-induced AGEP. Here, we present a case of AGEP that is the second case purportedly caused by hydrochlorothiazide.
Wave propagation in an elastic metamaterial with anisotropic effective mass density

Abstract The effect of anisotropic mass density on wave propagation in acoustic/elastic metamaterials is presented in this research. The use of microstructures to achieve mass anisotropy in metamaterials is an intensive field of study. In this work, a numerical continuum model, based on a recently developed cantilever-in-mass model, is proposed. Mass anisotropy in this model is derived based on analytical calculations of a two-dimensional (2D) ‘mass-in-mass’-spring lattice system. The mass–spring lattice is able to portray anisotropic effective mass density in two orthogonal principal directions. Effective mass density along each direction is frequency-dependent. A strong “effective mass anisotropy” is accomplished within the frequency band gap or just below the frequency range of negative effective mass. The proposed mass–cantilever continuum model is used to examine 2D wave propagation. Results show that wave attenuation in a metamaterial with 2D anisotropic mass density is dependent on both input frequency and wave input angle. This study demonstrates a case whereby wave attenuation is achieved by selecting wave input frequency in the band gap region to enact “negative effective mass density”, thereby mitigating wave propagation. In this case, the most efficient attenuation performance is achieved at an input wave angle of 0°. This study also illustrates another case whereby wave attenuation is obtained by mass anisotropy at a frequency just below the local resonance frequency. Wave attenuation is achieved by redirecting wave propagation along the transverse direction, particularly prominent at an input wave angle of 70°. Both numerical calculations of mass–spring lattice model and continuum cantilever-in-mass model show excellent agreement with each other.
Sensory Features and Family Functioning in Families of Children With Autism and Developmental Disabilities: Longitudinal Associations

Importance: Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other developmental disabilities (DD) commonly display unusual responses to sensory input. Previous work has suggested concurrent associations linking sensory features with aspects of family functioning, including activity participation and caregiver strain. What is unknown, however, is the extent to which sensory features affect family functioning over time, as well as the influence of received services on these relationships. Objective: To assess hypothesized longitudinal associations between sensory features and family functioning and examine interactions by group and service usage (i.e., educational and therapy services). Design: Multigroup longitudinal observational study. Setting: Community. Participants: A volunteer sample of 81 children (50 with ASD, 31 with DD; 76% male), ages 2–12 yr, and their caregivers participated in assessments at two points, 3.3 yr apart on average. Outcomes and Measures: Key measures included the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire, Sensory Profile, Sensory Processing Assessment for Young Children, Tactile Defensiveness and Discrimination Test–Revised, Caregiver Strain Questionnaire, and Home and Community Activities Scale. We also measured the amount of time children received educational and therapy services. Results: Regression analyses confirmed long-term associations linking sensory features with aspects of activity participation and caregiver strain in this population; group and service usage interactions were also identified. Conclusions and Relevance: Sensory features can affect the everyday experiences of both children and caregivers. It is important for practitioners to understand the potentially enduring effects of children’s sensory features on family functioning so as to begin to identify supportive interventions with more optimal long-term effects.
CORRUPTION, CHARACTER, AND INSTITUTIONS

Is corruption merely a flaw of character, or is it more fundamentally related to the institutional environment? Scholars from various disciplines mainly side with the narrative that, ultimately, corruption is a problem of character flaws. Policy prescriptions around the world are designed based on this understanding. In this essay, I challenge this understanding, arguing that it is at best incomplete, and misleading at worst. I argue that we should focus instead on three aspects of how the prevalence of virtuous acts is profoundly tied to people’s institutional environment and the incentive structure that derives from it. First, I observe that there is a difference between virtue and acting virtuously, and that even with the aid of moral education and coercion, virtue itself is hard to come by. Second, I discuss how formal institutions and social norms influence people’s propensity to perform virtuous acts rather than engage in corruption. Finally, I explore how institutions that increase the transaction costs associated with everyday life also increase the prevalence of corruption. Based on these three explorations I derive some public policy guidelines that, if followed, might increase the probability of success of anticorruption programs.
Exotic Species Occurrence in Remnant and Restored Eastern Prairie Ecosystems and their Relation to Native Species Richness, Evenness, and Functional Group Abundance

Eight eastern U.S. prairie sites were sampled for exotic species abundance in relation to levels of native diversity; including species and functional richness, species evenness, and functional group similarity for the alpha (quadrat; 1m2; n = 508) and gamma (site; n = 8) scales. Spearman's rank co- efficient analyses found only a weak negative correlation (P < 0.001; rs =–0.14) with species richness and exotic abundance; and was nonsignificant for the other measures of diversity. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated instead that exotic abundance was more correlated with higher soil parameter values among the sites. Both Lonicera japonica and Lespedeza cuneata represented 90% of the exotic cover from among the study sites.
SVMs and Random Forests

Assume we have a labelled dataset consisting of N pairs (xi, yi). Here xi is the i’th feature vector, and yi is the i’th class label. We will assume that there are two classes, and that yi is either 1 or − 1. We wish to predict the sign of y for any point x.
Correlating Continuous Compaction Control Measurements to In Situ Modulus-Based Testing for Quality Assessment of Compacted Geomaterials

Intelligent compaction (IC) allows real-time monitoring of earthwork from vibration-based measurements of the drum in contact with the ground. IC technology can be employed for the quality management of compacted geomaterials with the purpose of constructing better quality and longer-lasting pavements, when used in conjunction with in situ modulus-based nondestructive spot test devices. Different studies have attempted with limited success to relate roller measurement values with in situ moduli or stiffness values. This study presents a geostatistical approach using a fixed interval analysis to establish a spatial correlation between IC measurement values within defined sublots and spot test measurements using a plate load test or a lightweight deflectometer. Closely spaced spot test measurements show the variability of the material properties of compacted geomaterials. The spot test measurements do correlate better to the roller measurement values when the inevitable variability in the compacted geomaterial is considered.
Characterization of age-related microstructural changes in locus coeruleus and substantia nigra pars compacta

Locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) degrade with normal aging, but not much is known regarding how these changes manifest in MRI images, or whether these markers predict aspects of cognition. Here, we use high-resolution diffusion-weighted MRI to investigate microstructural and compositional changes in LC and SNpc in young and older adult cohorts, as well as their relationship with cognition. In LC, the older cohort exhibited a significant reduction in mean and radial diffusivity, but a significant increase in fractional anisotropy compared with the young cohort. We observed a significant correlation between the decrease in LC mean, axial, and radial diffusivities and measures examining cognition (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall) in the older adult cohort. This observation suggests that LC is involved in retaining cognitive abilities. In addition, we observed that iron deposition in SNpc occurs early in life and continues during normal aging.
Refeeding syndrome in small ruminants receiving parenteral nutrition.

Background Small ruminants presented to tertiary care facilities commonly suffer from severe protein-calorie malnutrition. Some of these patients require parenteral nutrition (PN; amino acids and dextrose with or without lipids) during hospitalization. Refeeding syndrome, a potentially fatal shift of electrolytes seen in malnourished patients during refeeding, may occur. Objective (a) To report the prevalence of refeeding syndrome in small ruminants receiving PN and (b) to determine risk factors for the development of refeeding syndrome. Animals Hospitalized small ruminants (n = 20) that received PN from 2010 to 2018 and that had serial (≥2) monitoring of serum electrolyte concentrations after initiation of PN. Methods Retrospective case series. Refeeding syndrome was defined as the presence of at least 2 of the following electrolyte abnormalities after initiation of PN: hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, or some combination of these. Data was analyzed using Fisher's exact test, followed by univariate logistic regression. Results Eleven of 20 (55%) animals met the definition of refeeding syndrome. Mean minimum serum phosphorus concentration in animals with refeeding syndrome was 1.96 ± 0.69 mg/dL (reference range, 4.2-7.6 mg/dL). Eleven of 20 animals survived to discharge. Survival rate did not differ significantly between refeeding cases (4/11, 36.3%) and nonrefeeding cases (7/9, 77.8%; P = .09). Mean serum phosphorus concentration was significantly lower in nonsurvivors than in survivors (1.88 ± 0.10 mg/dL vs 4.32 ± 0.70 mg/dL, P = .006). Conclusions and clinical importance We report the prevalence of refeeding syndrome in small ruminants receiving PN. Clinicians should anticipate refeeding syndrome after initiation of PN and consider pre-emptive supplementation with phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, or some combination of these.
Associations among living alone, social support and social activity in older adults.

Objectives We examined cross-sectional associations of living alone with social isolation among community-dwelling older adults in Worcester County, Massachusetts, USA. Methods Four hundred participants 65 years old and older were recruited in community group settings or by direct mail. Participants were queried for living status, social support, frequency of social activity, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, and health conditions. Social isolation was assessed by lack of social support and decreased frequency of social activity. Physical activity (PA) was measured via an accelerometer and global positioning system (GPS), which was worn by the participant, for at least 7 consecutive days. Results Participants living alone (N = 110) had less social support than those living with others (N = 290) (p < 0.001) but did not differ significantly in the frequency of their social activities. Group-setting recruitment was strongly associated with greater social activity (p < 0.001). Less social support was independently associated with a less-than-high-school education (p = 0.001), higher CES-D depression score (p < 0.001) and lower PA (p = 0.003). Less social activity was independently associated with a less-than-high-school education (p = 0.007) and annual income less than $50,000 (p = 0.01). Discussion Older adults who are socioeconomically disadvantaged, have less social support, and who live alone are more likely to be socially isolated and may benefit from continuation of low-cost social activities and increased social support inside the home. Identifying correlates of social isolation may inform future interventions.
Collateral, Ease of Repossession, and Leases: Evidence from Antirecharacterization Laws

This paper studies how the ease of repossessing collateral in bankruptcy affects corporate leasing policy. Using plausibly exogenous variation of the ability to repossess assets generated by state ...
Recurrence network analysis of design-quality interactions in additive manufacturing

Abstract Powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) provides a great level of flexibility in the design-driven build of metal products. However, the more complex the design, the more difficult it becomes to control the quality of AM builds. The quality challenge persistently hampers the widespread application of AM technology. Advanced imaging (e.g., X-ray computed tomography scans and high-resolution optical images) has been increasingly explored to enhance the visibility of information and improve the AM quality control. Realizing the full potential of imaging data depends on the advent of information processing methodologies for the analysis of design-quality interactions. This paper presents a design of AM experiment to investigate how design parameters (e.g., build orientation, thin-wall width, thin-wall height, and contour space) interact with quality characteristics in thin-wall builds. Note that the build orientation refers to the position of thin-walls in relation to the recoating direction on the plate, and the contour space indicates the width between rectangle hatches. First, we develop a novel generalized recurrence network (GRN) to represent the AM spatial image data. Then, GRN quantifiers, namely degree, betweenness, pagerank, closeness, and eigenvector centralities, are extracted to characterize the quality of layerwise builds. Further, we establish a regression model to predict how the design complexity impacts GRN behaviors in each layer of thin-wall builds. Experimental results show that network features are sensitive to build orientations, width, height, and contour space under the significant level α = 0.05. Thin-walls with the width bigger than 0.1 mm printed under orientation 0∘ are found to yield better quality compared to 60∘ and 90∘. Also, thin-walls build with orientation 60∘ are more sensitive to the changes in contour space compare to the other two orientations. As a result, the orientation 60∘ should be avoided while printing thin-wall structures. The proposed design-quality analysis shows great potential to optimize engineering design and enhance the quality of PBF-AM builds.
Do sports help students stay away from misbehavior, suspension, or dropout?

Abstract This paper explores whether high-school sports are functional and accessible activities to keep students from school disciplinary behaviors. For this purpose, we included students racial and linguistic status, socioeconomic status, sex, and prior academic performance with the school’s proportion of free-lunch recipients and minorities, to understand how sport participation affects students of diverse groups. Additionally, the study implemented a multilevel mediation modeling to the Education Longitudinal Study (ELS) data and assessed student dropouts with sequential mediators of sport participation, school misbehavior, and suspension. The findings of the study largely revealed that White students participated in sports more than Black, Hispanic, and Asian. Likewise, students who speak English as the primary language and male students participated in sports more than their counterparts. White sport participants displayed fewer incidents of suspension than White non-sport participants. Black, Hispanic, and White sport participants had lower dropout incidents than their non-sport-participating counterparts.
Broadband-Tunable Third-Harmonic Generation Using Phase-Change Chalcogenides

We demonstrate a Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 (GST)-based asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity facilitating broadband continuous tuning of third-harmonic generation (THG) due to the nonvolatile high refractive-index contrast amorphous, semi-crystalline, and crystalline GST phases.
Depression and suicidality among Hispanics with epilepsy: Findings from the Managing Epilepsy Well (MEW) Network integrated database.

Abstract Objective Although psychiatric disorders are more common among people with epilepsy, 2 depression and suicidal ideation among Hispanics with epilepsy remain understudied. We examined the prevalence and correlates of depression and suicidal ideation among Hispanic adults with epilepsy who participated in self-management studies in the Managing Epilepsy Well 3 Network. Methods This cross-sectional analysis of pooled data from ten studies used the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 4 or Neurological Disease Depression Inventory-Epilepsy 5 to examine the prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms (PHQ ≥ 10, NDDI-E ≥ 15) and suicidal ideation (PHQ-9 item 9 ≥ 1, NDDI-E item 4 ≥ 2). Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models examined associations between ethnicity, elevated depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation among PWE. Secondary analyses examined correlates of elevated depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among Hispanic PWE. Results Of 559 participants, 49.6% (n = 277) were Hispanic. Elevated depressive symptoms were endorsed by 38.1% (n = 213) of all participants (32.5% of Hispanics); suicidal ideation was endorsed by 18.4% (n = 103) of all participants (16.3% of Hispanics). After adjustment for sociodemographic and health attributes, Hispanic PWE had a 44% lower prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms (OR = 0.56, CI 0.37–0.84, p = 0.0056) compared to non-Hispanics but similar rates of suicidal ideation (OR = 0.84, CI 0.45–1.58, p = 0.59). Acculturation measures were available for 256 (92.4%) of Hispanic PWE: language preference was Spanish for 62.9%, 46.1% were foreign-born. Spanish-speaking Hispanics were less likely than English-speaking Hispanics to report elevated depressive symptoms (OR = 0.43, CI 0.19–0.97, p = 0.041); however, Hispanics who reported fair or poor health status had a four-fold higher depression prevalence compared to those who reported excellent or very good health status [reference group] (OR = 4.44, CI 1.50–13.18, p = 0.0071). Of the Hispanics who provided prior 30-day seizure data, ≥1 monthly seizure was independently associated with higher depression prevalence (OR = 3.11, CI 1.29–7.45, p = 0.01). Being foreign-born was not associated with elevated depressive symptoms or suicidal ideation prevalence. Conclusions In a large, geographically diverse sample of PWE, elevated depressive symptoms were significantly lower in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics. Spanish language preference was associated with a lower prevalence of elevated depressive symptoms among Hispanic PWE. Future studies should include acculturation data to better screen for depression and suicidal ideation risk and optimize interventions for Hispanic PWE.
Body dissatisfaction in older adults with a disabling health condition

Existing findings on body dissatisfaction in older adults are sparse. In addition, research suggests that chronic illness may elevate risk for body dissatisfaction. Accordingly, this study examined predictors of body dissatisfaction in 274 older adults with a disabling health condition. Most participants reported dissatisfaction with their weight, shape, and/or appearance. Higher body mass index and negative impact of health on appearance predicted body dissatisfaction. Gender comparisons revealed that depressed mood may fuel body dissatisfaction in women. Somatic symptoms predicted body dissatisfaction in men, despite men reporting lower somatic symptoms. Overall, results indicate substantial incidence of and unique risk factors for body dissatisfaction in this population.
Proceedings of the 4th international IFIP/ACM Latin American conference on Networking

Welcome to the fourth edition of the IFIP/ACM Latin America Networking Conference, LANC'2007, taking place in San Jose, the capital of beautiful Costa Rica, in conjunction with the Thirty-Third Latin American Computing Conference, the main event of the CLEI (Centro Latino Americano de Estudios en Informatica). LANC is organized by CLEI, with the sponsorship of IFIP in cooperation with ACM SIGCOMM, both organizations providing funds for invited speakers and tutorialists. ACM SIGCOMM also funded prizes for top LANC 2007 papers by Latin American authors, and facilitated the publication of the accepted papers in ACM's Digital Library. We thank Cisco and Intel for their financial support that helped make this event a reality, and Chevron for providing award prizes for three papers authored by Latin American students. The conference program includes plenary talks by Mieso Denko and Neil Gershenfeld, tutorials by Kenneth Ingham, Ramon Puigjaner and Guy Pujolle, and 16 papers, including 13 regular presentations and 3 posters. These works were selected from the 37 submissions received from all over the world. Among the authors of the submitted papers, we find researchers from Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Mexico, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Uruguay and Venezuela, showing the steady growth of the Latin American research activity in this area. We want to thank the Program Committee members for their careful and rigorous work, which followed the strictest international standards, and guaranteed a high quality program for the event.
Innovative practices session 5C: Advancements in test -keeping moore moving!

This talk focuses on test and debug challenges that are unique to large die products. A technical review of problems being faced today specific to test quality, test time, test cost, electrical and speed content, and debug will be outlined along with some current solutions being pursued to drive large die products to production quality. The talk concludes with a discussion about new solutions and areas of innovation that will be necessary to keep future generations of these products manufacturable, and on a cadence that meets the stringent time to market requirements.