cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoinitiated intramolecular ylide-alkene cycloaddition reactions

Abstract The intramolecular olefin addition reactions of phototransient species were investigated. Photolysis of aryl vinyl sulfides which incorporate the ethyl butenoate functional group provide ene-like products and or (3+2) adducts. Product formation is governed by both structural features and reaction conditions.
Probing thermostability of detergent-solubilized CB2 receptor by parallel G protein–activation and ligand-binding assays

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a large class of integral membrane proteins involved in the regulation of a broad spectrum of physiological processes and are a major target for pharmaceutical drug development. Structural studies can help advance the rational design of novel specific pharmaceuticals that target GPCRs, but such studies require expression of significant quantities of these proteins in pure, homogenous, and sufficiently stable form. An essential precursor for these structural studies is an assessment of protein stability under experimental conditions. Here we report that solubilization of a GPCR, type II cannabinoid receptor CB2, in a Facade detergent enables radioligand thermostability assessments of this receptor with low background from nonspecific interactions with lipophilic cannabinoid ligand. Furthermore, this detergent is compatible with a [35S]GTPγS radionucleotide exchange assay measuring guanine exchange factor activity that can be applied after heat treatment to further assess receptor thermostability. We demonstrate that both assays can be utilized to determine differences in CB2 thermostability caused by mutations, detergent composition, and the presence of stabilizing ligands. We report that a constitutively active CB2 variant has higher thermostability than the WT receptor, a result that differs from a previous thermostability assessment of the analogous CB1 mutation. We conclude that both ligand-binding and activity-based assays under optimized detergent conditions can support selection of thermostable variants of experimentally demanding GPCRs.
3D printing of high-strength, porous, elastomeric structures to promote tissue integration of implants.

Despite advances in biomaterials research, there is no ideal device for replacing weight-bearing soft tissues like menisci or intervertebral discs due to poor integration with tissues and mechanical property mismatch. Designing an implant with a soft and porous tissue-contacting structure using a material conducive to cell attachment and growth could potentially address these limitations. Polycarbonate urethane (PCU) is a soft and tough biocompatible material that can be 3D printed into porous structures with controlled pore sizes. Porous biomaterials of appropriate chemistries can support cell proliferation and tissue ingrowth, but their optimal design parameters remain unclear. To investigate this, porous PCU structures were 3D-printed in a crosshatch pattern with a range of in-plane pore sizes (0 to 800 μm) forming fully interconnected porous networks. Printed porous structures had ultimate tensile strengths ranging from 1.9 to 11.6 MPa, strains to failure ranging from 300 to 486%, Young's moduli ranging from 0.85 to 12.42 MPa, and porosity ranging from 13 to 71%. These porous networks can be loaded with hydrogels, such as collagen gels, to provide additional biological support for cells. Bare PCU structures and collagen-hydrogel-filled porous PCU support robust NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell line proliferation over 14 days for all pore sizes. Results highlight PCU's potential in the development of tissue-integrating medical implants.
A Case Study Exploration into the Benefits of Teaching Self-Care to School Psychology Graduate Students.

It has long been established that school psychology practitioners experience high levels of burnout. As a means of preventing burnout among future practitioners, school psychology training programs are frequently encouraged to teach and model self-care to students. This is particularly important as the current generation of graduate students experience high levels of anxiety and depression, but there have been very few examples in the research literature of how training programs should teach self-care and whether it is actually effective. The current study presents results from an exploratory case study, which integrated self-care instruction into graduate school psychology curriculum with a small sample (N = 22) of first-year school psychology students across two separate cohorts. Students created written plans with self-care strategies that they attempted to implement over the course of their first semester in graduate school. A qualitative review of their plans and written reflections revealed that students described many sources of stress upon entry into training, and most needed to revise their strategies for coping as stresses changed during the semester. Overall, student reflections revealed that the self-care activities were helpful to meet the demands of their graduate education.
Searching and Sorting

As its title suggests, this chapter also has two parts. The first provides the reader with an introduction to searching – a very important aspect of computing. It introduces the sequential search and describes how to do it in an array as well as in a linked list. Furthermore, in also discusses the concepts involved in binary searches and why they are more efficient than sequential searches. The second part of this chapter is a treatment of sorting functions, another important function of computing. It describes and provides examples of the SelectionSort and the BubbleSort algorithms: two simple yet very useful sorting algorithms.
Discovering Synergistic Drug Combinations for COVID with Biological Bottleneck Models.

Drug combinations play an important role in therapeutics due to its better efficacy and reduced toxicity. Recent approaches have applied machine learning to identify synergistic combinations for cancer, but they are not applicable to new diseases with limited combination data. Given that drug synergy is closely tied to biological targets, we propose a \emph{biological bottleneck} model that jointly learns drug-target interaction and synergy. The model consists of two parts: a drug-target interaction and target-disease association module. This design enables the model to \emph{explain} how a biological target affects drug synergy. By utilizing additional biological information, our model achieves 0.78 test AUC in drug synergy prediction using only 90 COVID drug combinations for training. We experimentally tested the model predictions in the U.S. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) facilities and discovered two novel drug combinations (Remdesivir + Reserpine and Remdesivir + IQ-1S) with strong synergy in vitro.
Implementation of a Flipped Active-Learning Approach in a Community College General Biology Course Improves Student Performance in Subsequent Biology Courses and Increases Graduation Rate.

A large-scale study on the efficacy of active learning in a community college biology class showed that students in active-learning sections earned higher exam scores, performed better in subsequen...
A cross-sectional national survey to explore the relationship between smoking and political abstention: Evidence of social mistrust as a mediator.

Rationale Smoking prevalence is well known to vary socioeconomically but has been less studied in relation to political participation. Growing evidence suggests that health disparities and political nonparticipation are intertwined, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Objective We investigated the relationship between smoking and voter registration, testing various forms of trust as possible mediators, in U.S. national survey data collected around the 2012 presidential election. Methods A random half (n = 9757) of adults who completed The Attitudes and Behaviors Survey on Health (TABS) in 2012 (response rate was 58.4% for landline and 24.3% for cell phone) also answered a section on voter registration, voting behavior, and trust in people and selected institutions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between smoking and registering to vote and potential mediation by trust in people and various institutions, adjusted for covariates known to be associated with both. Analyses used design-based methods with weights to account for sampling probabilities, nonresponse, and calibration to the U.S. adult population in 2012. Results Compared with nonsmokers, daily smokers had significantly lower adjusted odds of being registered to vote (aOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.21-0.52) and higher adjusted odds of having low trust in people (aOR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.29-4.83). Low trust in people predicted lower odds of registering to vote (aOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.84) and partially mediated the smoking-registration relationship. Conclusion Lower electoral participation among daily smokers is partly attributable to lower trust in people, a factor that could also affect willingness to use cessation support resources such as quitlines. Low trust and low political participation among daily smokers may have important political and public health consequences.
Mechanisms of Blood pH Changes in Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Systems: Roles of Hemoglobin-Ion Binding and Donnan Equilibrium.

An equilibrium model was developed to understand interrelated, physicochemical mechanisms leading to blood pH and electrolyte distribution changes in patients because of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and carbon dioxide removal. The model consists of plasma and red cell compartments between which water and small ions can move to establish an equilibrium state. Governing forces are as follows: 1) ionic electroneutrality in each compartment; 2) osmotic equilibrium between compartments; 3) mass balance of small ions other than bicarbonate; 4) oxygen (O2)-dependent hemoglobin (Hb)-Cl binding in red cells; 5) albumin binding to Cl-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in plasma; and 6) chemical equilibria of carbonates and phosphates in each compartment. The model was constructed and validated using recent clinical ECMO inlet and exit blood-pH and electrolyte concentration data. The model closely described pH and electrolyte concentration changes in both states, which validated the model. The model was then used to predict CO2 and O2 saturation-induced changes in pH and electrolyte concentrations. It was found that O2-dependent Hb-Cl binding had a much lesser effect on blood acid-base status changes and electrolyte shifts during ECMO than previously thought. The model showed that the Cl-shift and Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium effects, characterized by pH and electrolyte distribution changes during ECMO, were primarily caused by changes in pH-induced electrical charge on mainly Hb and other constrained ions in red cells. These insights can improve understanding of the same factors acting when blood traverses the lung.
Poverty and development

C. West Churchman was born in Philadelphia and was first educated by the Quakers though with a Catholic background. Later he studied logic and mathematics. The psychological chemistry led to a systems approach that included God and models. His chief interest has been global ethical management. He and his colleagues wrote the first textbook in Operations Research. He went on to write a popular version of The Systems Approach. He was President of the Institute of Management Science and Editor-in-Chief of Philosophy of Science and Management Science. Two of his later books are The Systems Approach and Its Enemies, and The Design of Inquiring Systems.
A New Facility for Dynamic Control of Program Execution: DELI

The DELI (Dynamic Execution Layer Interface) provides fine-grain control over the execution of programs, by allowing its clients to observe and optionally manipulate every single instruction at run time. It accomplishes this by opening up an interface to the layer between the execution of application software and hardware. To avoid the 100x implicit slowdown, DELI uses a technique typical of modern emulators: it caches fragments of the executable and always runs out of that cache. Unlike previous systems, DELI exposes the caching through a common interface, so that emulators themselves can take advantage of other DELI clients. This enables mixing emulation with already existing services and native code. In this paper, we describe the basic aspects of DELI: the underlying caching and linking mechanism, the Hardware Abstraction Mechanism (HAM), the Binary-Level Translation (BLT) infrastructure, and the Application Programming Interface (API). We also cover some uses, such as ISA emulation and software patching. Finally, we present emulation results of a PocketPC system on an embedded VLIW processor, where we achieve almost-native performance, and show how to mix-and-match native and emulated code.
Development and In-Flight Performance of the Mariner 9 Spacecraft Propulsion System

On November 14, 1971, Mariner 9 was decelerated into orbit about Mars by a 1334 N (300 lbf) liquid bipropellant propulsion system. This paper describes and summarizes the development and in-flight performance of this pressure-fed, nitrogen tetroxide/monomethyl hydrazine bipropellant system. The design of all Mariner propulsion subsystems has been predicted upon the premise that simplicity of approach, coupled with thorough qualification and margin-limits testing, is the key to cost-effective reliability. The Mariner 9 subsystem design illustrates this approach in that little functional redundancy is employed. This paper summarizes the design and test rationale employed in the Mariner 9 design and development program.
Monitoring perinatal mortality rates: California, 1970 to 1976

Recent developments have emphasized the need to monitor perinatal mortality statistics by small geographic areas. A method is presented which separates county-specific perinatal mortality rates into a component reflective of socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental variables, and a component that relates more directly to hospital-based intra- and postpartum care. Major differences in geographic variations were observed between the crude rate and the two components. An arbitrary index of the need for perinatal health services was created by combining the two components with the number of perinatal deaths in each county. Although there are some obvious limitations, the index serves as a useful guidepost for monitoring perinatal mortality on a statewide basis.
Absence of evidence for changes in messenger RNA populations during steroid hormone-induced cell differentiation inAchlya

The addition of the steroid hormone antheridiol to male strains of the aquatic fungusAchlya ambisexualis induces the differentiation of numerous, morphologically distinct reproductive structures called antheridial branches. We have investigated mRNA populations derived from control cells and from cells treated for various times with antheridiol to determine if and to what extent the hormone causes the accumulation of new mRNA sequences or the loss of preexisting ones. The experimental approaches which we employed had a wide range of sensitivities and were potentially capable of detecting even very small changes in the mRNA populations. These procedures failed to reveal any alterations in the spectrum of mRNA sequences transcribed and accumulated byAchlya males during antheridial branch differentiation. We conclude that any qualitative changes in gene activity induced by antheridiol are quite subtle.
Climate extremes in the United States: recent research by physical geographers

This paper reports our review of research on domestic climate extremes conducted by US physical geographers over the past 15 years. Sections cover extremes in wind, precipitation, lightning, and temperature, as well as derivative climate extremes (droughts, floods, and storm surges). Themes considered include: the spatial and temporal distribution of the climate extreme; its implications for our understanding of the physical processes that produce it; the spatial and temporal distributions of the extreme’s economic and human costs; lessons for assessment, policy, and management; and scale. We conclude that most of the works reviewed inadequately address the human basis of vulnerability to climate extremes, and encourage physical geographers to work with colleagues from the other subfields of geography and the social sciences to develop the holistic understanding of vulnerability needed to effectively adapt to the more extreme climate projected under climate change.
A novel method for the measurement of dissolved adenosine and guanosine triphosphate in aquatic habitats: applications to marine microbial ecology.

A novel method for the measurement of dissolved adenosine-5′-triphosphate and guanosine-5′-triphosphate (D-ATP and D-GTP, respectively) in marine and freshwater habitats was developed and applied to samples collected from the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Both D-ATP and D-GTP are co-precipitated by authigenically formed Mg(OH)2 and can be concentrated by factors greater than 200-fold, for subsequent measurement by the firefly luciferin–luciferase bioluminescence reaction. The detection limit for this method was 2–3 pmol ml−1 of concentrated sample (equivalent to an in situ concentration of 10 pM) with a 5% precision at concentrations of 10 pmol ml−1 or above. A significant positive correlation (P<0.001) was observed between particulate ATP (P-ATP) and D-ATP in water samples collected from Station ALOHA (22.75°N, 158°W; depth profiles 0–1000 m). The highest concentrations of dissolved nucleotides were found in the euphotic zone (0–175 m) below which the concentrations were low and relatively invariant. The dissolved nucleotide pools generally exceeded their corresponding particulate pools. Using radioisotopic tracer techniques and the new concentration method, turnover times for both particulate and dissolved nucleotides can be determined. The ability to measure concentrations and follow nucleotide tracers accurately in a very dilute environment provides a unique opportunity to address questions on microbial community metabolism, nutrient dynamics and energy flux.
Induction of lambdoid prophages by amino acid deprivation: differential inducibility; role of recA.

Lambda prophage in auxotrophic lysogens can be induced by omission of one or combinations of the required amino acids from the culture medium. Such amino acid deprivation can result in nearly as effective induction of lambda as thymine deprivation. Prophage 424 is also induced equally effectively under both conditions although to a lesser extent than lambda. By contrast prophage 21 and λi21 are differentially induced effectively by thymine deprivation and virtually not at all during amino acid deprivation. The same differential induction of 21 and equivalent induction of λ and 424 occur when all three prophages are present in the same lysogen. Increasing the levels of λ repressor with a cI carrying-plasmid prevented amino acidless induction of λ as did the λind− mutation. A recA, but not a recB, mutation in the host prevented induction by amino acid deprivation. A recC mutant host showed increased spontaneous induction of λ and 21 prophages. The findings reported are used as an argument that the recA protease probably is not itself acting as the inducing protease and that a likely source of the observed specificity is an effector molecule. Different effector molecules may be produced in response to different exigent situations, to which the phage repressors may have evolved sensitivity. λi80 was inducible both by amino acid and thymine deprivation.
THE PRODUCTION OF PERSISTENT ALOPECIA IN RABBITS BY ROENTGEN RADIATION; A STUDY OF THE MINIMUM DOSE REQUIRED AND THE CONSISTENCY OF THE REACTION

Seven areas on the abdomen of each of fourteen rabbits were exposed to soft Roentgen radiation of constant quality in doses varying, in the region of the value critical for the production of persistent alopecia, by regular steps of about 4 per cent. Without exception the critical dose was found to lie between two such values, the upper limit being represented by exposures on eight of the animals and the lower on ten of them. With certain reservations, the critical dose corresponds to the production of 2.04 x 1015 ions of either sign per gm. of tissue.
Effects of Suggestive Interviewing and Indirect Evidence on Child Credibility in a Sexual Abuse Case

The present study examined the effects of suggestive questioning and indirect evidence on the perceived credibility of a child reporting sexual abuse. Written materials describing a trial for indecency with a child were presented to 232 mock jurors, who were asked to render a verdict and rate the credibility of witnesses. When the child's statement was elicited by suggestive questioning, mock jurors were less likely to convict the alleged perpetrator and viewed the child witness as less credible, honest, competent, and intelligent. Jurors were equally likely to convict whether the child's report was presented directly in an interview transcript or indirectly through the secondhand testimony of a police interviewer. The findings support the view that suggestive questioning can lower a child's credibility in the eyes of jurors.
Religious Experience, Development, and Diversity

Religious experience is a complex construct susceptible to various forms of influence. As religious experience is a very broad construct, this paper focuses primarily on one type of religious experience: the god image, or the way an individual experiences god. This paper focuses on two important factors contributing to the richness of religious experiences: development and diversity. Research on the god image suggests that the way a person experiences god changes over time, including gradually becoming more complex. Although the research on the god image and diversity is highly limited thus far, there is consistent evidence that various forms of diversity significantly impact the way a person experiences god. Several theories have attempted to reconcile various influences on the god image into a comprehensive, unified theory. While these theories offer advancement in the way religious experience can be understood, it seems unlikely that any such theory will ultimately be successful, particularly given that important influences on one’s religious experience appear to be highly influenced by culture.
Inhibition by triphenyltin chloride of a tightly-bound membrane component involved in photophosphorylation.

At very low concentrations (< 1 μM) triphenyltin chloride inhibits ATP formation and coupled electron transport in isolated spinach chloroplasts. Basal (−Pi) and uncoupled electron transport are not affected by triphenyltin. The membrane-bound ATP ⇌ Pi exchange and Mg2+-dependent ATPase activities of chloroplasts are also completely sensitive to triphenyltin, although the Ca2+- dependent and Mg2+-dependent ATPase activities of the isolated coupling factor protein are insensitive to triphenyltin. The light-driven proton pump in chloroplasts is stimulated (up to 60 %) by low levels of triphenyltin. Indeed, the amount of triphenyltin necessary to inhibit ATP formation or stimulate proton uptake is dependent upon the amount of chloroplasts present in the reaction mixture, with an apparent stoichiometry of 2 — 2.5 triphenyltin molecules/100 chlorophyll molecules at 50: < inhibition of ATP formation and half-maximal stimulation of proton uptake. Chloroplasts partially stripped of coupling factor by an EDTA wash are no longer able to accumulate protons in the light. However, low levels of triphenyltin can effectively restore this ability. The amount of triphenyltin required for the restoration of net proton uptake is also dependent upon the amount of chloroplasts, with a stoichiometry of 4 — 5 triphenyltin molecules/100 chlorophyll molecules at 50% reconstitution. On the basis of this and other evidence it is concluded that triphenyltin chloride inhibits phosphorylation, ATP + Pi exchange and membrane-bound ATPase activities in chloroplasts by specifically blocking the transport of protons through a membrane-bound carrier or channel located in a hydrophobic region of the membrane at or near the functional binding site for the coupling factor.
Animalizing effects of Evans blue in embryos of Arbacia punctulata

Abstract Continuous treatment of embryos of Arbacia punctulata from the two-cell stage with the polysulfonic acid dye, Evans Blue, at a concentration of 1 25 000 produced nearly 100% animalization. The degree of animalization from embryo to embryo varied: 25% type 3 4 , 50% type 1 2 , and 25% type 1 3 of Horstadius [4]. Typical radialized larvae were seen in cultures of 1 200 000 Evans Blue. These results paralleled those obtained with embryos of Paracentrotus lividus [17]; however, the latter species showed greater inhibition of hatching.
Extension of set functions to Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets: Applications to evidential reasoning

In this paper, we propose a method for extending set functions to Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets. We start from the Extension Principle for extending set functions to Type-1 Fuzzy Sets. Then we extend set functions to embedded Type-1 Fuzzy Sets of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets. Consequently, we construct the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Set result of the extension process (which resides in the co-domain of the extended set function) from its embedded Type-1 Fuzzy Sets. We show that the Extension Principle for set functions can be used to infer a single fuzzy probability measure from a linguistic belief structure, instead of lower and upper probabilities, and demonstrate how such an inference can be used to solve Advanced Computing with Words problems.
Dexamethasone attenuates microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat cremaster muscle

Abstract We examined the effect of dexamethasone (DXM) pretreatment on microvascular transport of macromolecules in ischemia-reperfusion injury. The rat cremaster muscle was splayed, placed in a Lucite intravital chamber, and suffused with bicarbonate buffer. The clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate -dextran 150 (FITC-Dx 150) was measured as an index of microvascular transport. After determination of baseline data, the muscle was made ischemic for 2 hr by clamping its vascular pedicle, and subsequently reperfused for 2 hr. Ischemia-reperfusion produced a marked increase in clearance of FITC-Dx 150. After an initial peak of 13 times baseline value, clearance fell to approximately 4 times baseline level 30 min into the reperfusion period. Clearance increased slowly throughout the remainder of the experiment, reaching 6 times baseline after 2 hr of reperfusion. The treated animals received DXM 3 hr prior to and immediately preceding the pedicle clamping. DXM reduced macromolecular clearance significantly after the first 30 min of reperfusion, and prevented the increase in clearance over time. After an initial peak, clearance values fell to near twice baseline in DXM-treated animals, and remained at this level for the 2 hr of reperfusion. Our data demonstrate that DXM attenuates the alterations in microvascular macromolecular transport produced by ischemia-reperfusion injury.
1H-NMR analysis of copper-aminoglycoside complexes in solution and its implication for regioselective modification of multifunctional aminoglycoside antibiotics

Abstract A method for analysis of complexes of the cupric ion with aminoglycoside antibiotics based on the measurement of the paramagnetic contribution of the cupric ion to T 1 relaxation time on 1 H-NMR spectra of the antibiotics is described. The information from the NMR experiments was supplemented by molecular modeling studies and proved valuable in predicting the reactivities of these complexes toward reagents for modification of amines, which were used in regioselective, and often regiospecific, derivatization of these important antibiotics.
Omalizumab Treatment for Prevention of Anaphylaxis

RCTs utilizing a specific treatment followed by meta-analysis of multiple RCTs for the specific treatment are the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine. This approach provides key insights into the average response of a therapeutic agent in the selected patient population for the target disease. Generally speaking, a developing trend is more investigations of medical therapies aiming to describe individual patient variability; further, such investigations typically aim to discover and subsequently understand this variability based on biomarkers or even disease-specific genetic polymorphisms among patients. This research returns us to the examination room where we treat individual patients. Given the complexity of idiopathic anaphylaxis and the currently available literature, we believe the time is now to initiate treatment trials of omalizumab in patients not well controlled with prior standard therapy. The use of prolonged systemic steroids should be avoided in favor of a trial of omalizumab. We do not intend to minimize the importance of double-blind placebo-controlled trials. However, based on the full spectrum of current evidence, we do not want to be blinded at the present time by the absence of a published RCT specific to idiopathic anaphylaxis.
Free-expansion melting of a colloidal monolayer

A two-dimensional melting transition has been observed in a freely expanding colloidal monolayer lattice formed of 1.01-\ensuremath{\mu}m polystyrene microspheres in an aqueous suspension between two parallel optical flats. The correlation functions computed from digitized images of the particle distribution within a fixed sampling area are consistent with a continuous two-step melting transition. However, direct observations of defect creation and evolution reveal that the system may melt via a first-order process.
Intrinsic alignment-lensing interference as a contaminant of cosmic shear

Cosmic shear surveys have great promise as tools for precision cosmology, but can be subject to systematic errors including intrinsic ellipticity correlations of the source galaxies. The intrinsic alignments are believed to be small for deep surveys, but this is based on intrinsic and lensing distortions being uncorrelated. Here we show that the gravitational lensing shear and intrinsic shear need not be independent: correlations between the tidal field and the intrinsic shear cause the intrinsic shear of nearby galaxies to be correlated with the gravitational shear acting on more distant galaxies. We estimate the magnitude of this effect for two simple intrinsic-alignment models: one in which the galaxy ellipticity is linearly related to the tidal field, and one in which it is quadratic in the tidal field as suggested by tidal torque theory. The first model predicts a gravitational-intrinsic (GI) correlation that can be much greater than the intrinsic-intrinsic (II) correlation for broad redshift distributions, and that remains when galaxies pairs at similar redshifts are rejected. The second model, in its simplest form, predicts no gravitational-intrinsic correlation. In the first model, and assuming a normalization consistent with recently claimed detections of intrinsic correlations, we find that the GI correlation term can exceed the usual II term by >1 order of magnitude and the intrinsic correlation induced B-mode by 2 orders of magnitude. These interference effects can suppress the lensing power spectrum for a single broad redshift bin by of order ∼10% at zs=1 and ∼30% at zs=0.5. We conclude that, depending on the intrinsic-alignment model, the GI correlation may be the dominant contaminant of the lensing signal and can even affect cross spectra between widely separated bins. We describe two ways to constrain this effect, one based on density-shear correlations and one based on scaling of the cross correlation tomography signal with redshift.
Disability at the Heart of Theology: On Marginality, Method, and Overcoming “Best-Case Anthropologies”

Disability in the Christian Tradition breaks new ground by fruitfully exploring the Christian tradition's positive contributions to theological understandings of disability. However, examination of how contemporary authors retrieve traditional insights shows two divergent methods: Some authors prefer to enfold disabled people into a pre-existent anthropology that still presupposes an “ideal” functioning of body and mind, while others explicitly rethink anthropological categories from looking first at the lives of such people and then foregrounding limitation and vulnerability. The following article both demonstrates why the latter option may ultimately provide more traction while suggesting ways to improve it.
Nucleotide sequence of the GDH gene coding for the NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract The isolation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene for NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) by cross hybridization to the Neurospora crassa am gene, known to encode for NADP-GDH is described. Two DNA fragments selected from a yeast genomic library in phage λgt11were shown by restriction analysis to share 2.5 kb of common sequence. A yeast shuttle vector (CV13) carrying either to the cloned fragments complements the gdh − strain of S. cerevisiae and directs substantial overproduction of NADP-GDH. One of the cloned fragments was sequenced, and the deduced amino acid (aa) sequence of the yeast NADP-GDH is 64% homologous to N. crassa , 51% to Escherichia coli and 24% to bovine NADP-GDHs.
Diurnal variation of temperature and particle density between ∼100 km and ∼500 km☆

Abstract Rocket and satellite observations, made in the U.S.A. and in the U.S.S.R. of atmospheric densities and oxygen ratios n( O ) n( O 2 ) have been used to determine the diurnal variations of pressure, temperature and composition in the region between 100 and 500 km. The six main constituents of the Earth's upper atmosphere have been included : molecular nitrogen and oxygen, atomic oxygen, argon, helium and hydrogen. It has been found that for late 1960: (1) The night-time mass densities are higher than the daytime densities between 100 and about 200 km; the opposite is the case above 200 km. (2) The night-time temperatures are always lower than the daytime temperatures in the region between 100 and 500km. In the exosphere T (night) ≈ 1000° K; T(day) ≈ 1350° K. (3) Between about 110 and 200 km the molecular weight during the night is higher than during the day. Above 200 km the opposite occurs. (4) Between 100 and 160 km the number densities of molecular nitrogen and molecular oxygen are higher during the night than during the day. Above this level the situation is reversed. (5) With regard to the behaviour of hydrogen and helium, it has been found that the number density of the lighter constituent, hydrogen, is higher than that of helium during the night at levels above 250 km. During the day the opposite is true, i.e. the number density of helium during the day is higher than during the night and it is greater than that of hydrogen over the entire region between 100 and 500 km. The results of this investigation have been obtained without assuming a temperature-, scale height-, or molecular weight-gradient, as has been done in previous investigations. It is also the first attempt to make calculations which include major and minor constituents together, based on observed composition data. As a result of this it is shown how the numerical values of composition, and, thus, the role of major and minor constituents, vary with altitude and from day to night.
CORE ELEMENTS AND LAYOUT CLASSES IN SWIFT CREEK PADDLE ART

AbstractOur work here extends a study in which we identified a set of task models used by early Swift Creek artisans to produce paddle designs. Reconstructed procedures for early bandwork compositions highlighted the importance of the placement of guide points and guidelines to the final product as well as the hierarchal nature of the production sequence, leading to the realization that designs can be profitably classified by the geometry of these initial steps. In this paper, we examine two layout classes defined from observations across some of the more common core elements in the Swift Creek design corpus. We then seriate the most common of the core elements, the Omega, by virtue of variation in its visual characteristics. We draw on the stratigraphic sequence at Fairchild’s Landing (9SE14), Seminole County, Georgia, as a test of the core-element seriation and discuss developmental differences in the Omega between two prolific Swift Creek regions, the lower Chattahoochee River of southwestern Georgia a...
Laryngeal Tuberculosis: A Cause of Stridor in Children

The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases reported in the United States has been on the decline for the last three decades. This trend has been dramatically reversed in the past few years, largely owing to the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. Laryngeal TB, while well recognized in the adult population, is a rare disease in children. Only six cases have been described in the world literature since 1960. We describe three children with laryngeal TB who presented with stridor. One child required an emergency tracheotomy for control of the airway. The pathogenesis of laryngeal TB in children is postulated to differ from that in adults. In children primary infection of the larynx occurs, while in adults, laryngeal infection is secondary to pulmonary disease. All patients had triple anti-TB chemotherapy for 1 year. Laryngeal TB, although rare, may be seen more frequently in the near future and the diagnosis should always be considered. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:109-112)
Substitution Effects in Geometric Programming

The impact of price changes in geometric programming is analyzed in terms of technological substitution relationships. The method can also be applied to sensitivity analysis, which is illustrated by means of a numerical example.
The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and the Making of a Border-Crossing Culture on the US–Canada Border, 1891–1941

This essay focuses on the enforcement of US immigration laws at Canadian border ports of entry from 1891 to 1941 – more particularly, between Port Huron and Detroit on the west and Buffalo and Niagara Falls on the east. It first analyzes the reasons for the creation of ports of entry as a way to control the influx of aliens across the northern border. The study then focuses on the shaping of ports of entry as both physical and bureaucratic spaces dedicated to the control of all border crossers, including American and Canadian citizens, but also to the smooth flow of traffic. Finally, through an analysis of border crossers' letters of complaints to immigration authorities, the essay explores crossers' expectations of the border and reactions to increased controls. Ports of entry, as a manifestation of the power of the sovereign state, affected the behavior of border crossers. On the other hand, immigration officials understood that good customer service was a necessary condition for the public's compliance...
Determination of matrix‐dominated mechanical properties of fiber composite lamina

A test methodology that utilizes unidirectional, hoop-wound tubes to determine matrix-dominated mechanical properties of unidirectional fiber composite lamina is described. Longitudinal shear modulus and strength as well as transverse Young's modulus, transverse tensile strength, and transverse compressive strength are obtained from a single thin-walled tube specimen and fixturing design. Data presented for two carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy composite materials illustrate the simplicity and precision of the described procedure.
In vitro carbon dioxide fixation into succinate.

Abstract When succinate or 3-phosphoglyceric acid was incubated anaerobically with liver homogenates and 14 C labelled bicarbonate, the percentage of the total radioactivity in the chromatographically separated organic acids was greater in succinate than in any other acid. For the incubation with 3-phosphoglyceric acid, the specific activity of succinate, was greater than that of fumarate or malate. Aerobically the behaviour of 3-phosphoglyceric acid, with respect to carbon dioxide fixation into succinate, differed from that of pyruvate.
Professor attendance as a factor in perceived library instruction effectiveness: an exploratory study

Instinct and experience tell us that a majority of instruction librarians would likely agree that the presence of the professor during a library instruction session will positively affect his or her students’ learning experiences. To test this notion, instruction librarians were surveyed for their perceptions regarding the impact of professor attendance on library instruction effectiveness. The results indicate the majority of subjects surveyed feel that learning is enhanced when professors attend library instruction sessions along with their students. Additional objective research is needed, however, to determine the validity of this perception.
Innovation: Tumour board--introducing real time to oncology management.

The tumour board has outlived its intended function—it delays care, provides minimal patient benefit, is costly, does not account for patient psychosocial issues, is not evidence-based and has numerous potential legal issues. Instead, multidisciplinary oncology teams using real-time social media and networking that integrates patient input is a better approach.
Stability of Iso-alleles

THE high stability of most genes when kept under natural conditions is deduced from the relative rarity of spontaneous mutations which produce striking deviations from normality. The existence of wild-type iso-alleles, that is, of different alleles usually causing the same normal phenotype although distinguishable by their effects under special conditions, raises the question whether mutations from one iso-allele to another are more frequent than mutations with more obvious new effects.
An informatics framework for the standardized collection and analysis of medication data in networked research

Graphical abstractDisplay Omitted Medication coding and classification tasks have different requirements.Various medication coding and classification systems exist.Heterogeneous studies complicate a standard approach to handling medication data.Classification systems can support data retrieval and analysis.A reference classification system can support standardized analysis approaches. Medication exposure is an important variable in virtually all clinical research, yet there is great variation in how the data are collected, coded, and analyzed. Coding and classification systems for medication data are heterogeneous in structure, and there is little guidance for implementing them, especially in large research networks and multi-site trials. Current practices for handling medication data in clinical trials have emerged from the requirements and limitations of paper-based data collection, but there are now many electronic tools to enable the collection and analysis of medication data. This paper reviews approaches to coding medication data in multi-site research contexts, and proposes a framework for the classification, reporting, and analysis of medication data. The framework can be used to develop tools for classifying medications in coded data sets to support context appropriate, explicit, and reproducible data analyses by researchers and secondary users in virtually all clinical research domains.
Pressure rise generated by combustion of a gas pocket

Abstract An analysis is presented for calculating the pressure rise in a vessel containing an inert gas and a pocket of combustible gas. The analysis gives results that are in reasonable agreement with experimental values. The theory confirms the experimental finding that the pressure rise for stoichiometric gas mixtures initially at atmospheric pressure is independent of the heating value of the fuel when the energy per unit container volume is the same. A generalization of this result to nonstiochiometric mixtures is given. The available experimental results are shown to apply only when the system is initially at atmospheric conditions; the analysis allows the results to be extended to other initial conditions.
Synthesis of potential antimalarials: primaquine analogs.

A series of 8-aminoquinolines, analogous to primaquine and carrying a substituent in position two, have been synthesized by standard methods and tested for activity against Plasmodium berghei in mice. The results of preliminary biological tests are reported.
TWO-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION STUDY OF HETEROGENEOUS ELECTRON TRANSFER : C6F6 ON CU(111)

Photoinduced heterogeneous electron transfer (ET) constitutes the key step in a number of chemical processes, such as solar energy conversion, photocatalysis, and surface photochemistry. We present a general strategy to investigate photoinduced heterogeneous ET using two-photon photoemission (2PPE) spectroscopy. In this report, we focus on the energetics in photoinduced heterogeneous ET in monolayer and bilayers of hexafluorobenzene on Cu(111). We found that for monolayer C6F6, which likely adsorbs flat on the surface, the ET resonance is not visible in 2PPE spectrum. However, for second-layer C6F6, a strong molecular resonance is observed. Photon energy dependence shows that the shift in electron kinetic energy (ΔEkin) from the molecular resonance scales with Δhν, unlike that from the occupied surface state, which scales with 2Δhν. This provides evidence that the observed molecular resonance results from electron transfer to an unoccupied molecular orbital located at 2.9 eV above the Fermi level (or 1.8 ...
Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus corticotropin sampling with corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation in a pregnant patient with Cushing's syndrome

A patient was diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome during her first pregnancy. Bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal sinus corticotropin sampling with corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation was performed before transphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy, with successful localization of the pituitary adenoma. Her Cushing's syndrome was controlled postoperatively with resolution of hypertension. This case report demonstrates that the procedure of bilateral simultaneous inferior petrosal venous corticotropin sampling can be safely performed during pregnancy.
An isotopic study of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of E. Coli following T4 phage infection

Abstract When either 14 C-glucose or a 14 C-amino acid hydrolysate is added to a 3 H-amino acid-labeled culture of E. coli B one minute after T4am82 phage infection, both 3 H- and 14 C-label are found in highly purified DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Following phosphocellulose column chromatography, more than 95% of the 14 C-label associated with the enzyme is found in a component with a molecular weight of about 10, 000, as analyzed by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Under the conditions of these experiments, the phage infection caused no preferential loss of 3 H-label from the α as compared to the β subunit, and no significant incorporation of 14 C into either of them.
Approach and Entry, Descent, and Landing Operations for Mars Science Laboratory

On 5 August 2012, at 2231 hrs, Pacific Daylight Time, the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity landed safely within Gale Crater. The successful landing depended not only upon the flawless execution of the numerous critical activities during the 7 min. entry, descent, and landing but also upon the operational preparations and decisions made by the flight team during approach the final weeks, days, and hours before landing. During this period, decisions made by the flight team balanced operational risk to the spacecraft in flight with any resulting risks incurred during entry, descent, and landing as a result of those decisions. The operations plans made in preparation for approach and entry, descent, and landing readied the operations team for the decisions and actions executed in flight that balanced the operational and entry, descent, and landing risks and prepared the vehicle for a successful landing.