cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Excitation of mantle Love waves and definition of mantle wave magnitude

A study is made of the excitation of mantle Love waves of 100 seconds period as a function of magnitude. 153 measurements of Love wave spectral density for earthquakes since 1930 ranging in magnitude from 6.0 to 8.9 are used to determine an excitation curve. The observations were first corrected to a standard distance of 90°. The excitation curve supports earlier results for mantle Rayleigh waves and, for strike-slip motion, an earlier curve for seismic moment versus mantle-wave magnitude. For dip-slip motion, the moments should be multiplied by a factor of about 2 1/2. A definition of mantle wave magnitude M_M, is set up, and the largest earthquake since 1930 found on this scale is the Alaskan earthquake of March 28, 1964 where M_M = 8.9. Other comparably large earthquakes, M_M = 8.8, were the Kamchatka earthquake of November 4, 1952 and the Chilean earthquake of May 22, 1960. It is suggested that mantle-wave magnitudes be used as a diagnostic aid in estimating the Tsunami potential of earthquakes.
Fault-tolerant Newton-Raphson and Goldschmidt dividers using time shared TMR

Iterative division algorithms based on multiplication are popular because they are fast and may utilize an already existing hardware multiplier. Two popular methods based on multiplication are Newton-Raphson and Goldschmidt's algorithm. To achieve concurrent error correction, Time Shared Triple Modular Redundancy (TSTMR) may be applied to both kinds of dividers. The hardware multiplier is divided into thirds, and the rest of the divider logic replicated around each part, to provide three independent dividers. While this reduces the size of the fault-tolerant dividers over that of traditional TMR, latency may be increased. However, both division algorithms can be modified to use lower precision multiplications during the early iterations. This saves multiply cycles and, hence, produces a faster divider.
Effect of anaplerotic fluxes and amino acid availability on hepatic lipoapoptosis

To identify metabolic pathways involved in hepatic lipoapoptosis, metabolic flux analysis using [U-13C5]glutamine as an isotopic tracer was applied to quantify phenotypic changes in H4IIEC3 hepatoma cells treated with either palmitate alone (PA-cells) or both palmitate and oleate in combination (PA/OA-cells). Our results indicate that palmitate inhibited glycolysis and lactate dehydrogenase fluxes while activating citric acid cycle (CAC) flux and glutamine uptake. This decoupling of glycolysis and CAC fluxes occurred during the period following palmitate exposure but preceding the onset of apoptosis. Oleate co-treatment restored most fluxes to their control levels, resulting in steatotic lipid accumulation while preventing apoptosis. In addition, palmitate strongly increased the cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratio, whereas oleate co-treatment had the opposite effect on cellular redox. We next examined the influence of amino acids on these free fatty acid-induced phenotypic changes. Increased medium amino acids enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis in PA-cells but not in PA/OA-cells. Overloading the medium with non-essential amino acids induced apoptosis, but essential amino acid overloading partially ameliorated apoptosis. Glutamate was the most effective single amino acid in promoting ROS. Amino acid overloading also increased cellular palmitoyl-ceramide; however, ceramide synthesis inhibitors had no effect on measurable indicators of apoptosis. Our results indicate that free fatty acid-induced ROS generation and apoptosis are accompanied by the decoupling of glycolysis and CAC fluxes leading to abnormal cytosolic redox states. Amino acids play a modulatory role in these processes via a mechanism that does not involve ceramide accumulation.
Automated Support for Propagating Bug Fixes

We present empirical results indicating that when programmers fix bugs, they often fail to propagate the fixes to all of the locations in a code base where they are applicable, thereby leaving instances of the bugs in the code. We propose a practical approach to help programmers to propagate many bug fixes completely. This entails first extracting a programming rule from a bug fix, in the form of a graph minor of an enhanced procedure dependence graph. Our approach assists the programmer in specifying rules by automatically matching simple rule templates; the programmer may also edit rules or compose them from scratch. A graph matching algorithm for detecting rule violations is then used to locate the places in the code base where the bug fix is applicable. Our approach does not require that rules occur repeatedly in the code base. We present empirical results indicating that the approach nevertheless exhibits good precision.
Breaking apart the typical mortality salience manipulation: Two questions, two outcomes

The typical mortality salience manipulation asks participants to reflect on two questions, one about the emotions associated with the thought of death and the other about what happens after one dies. In five experiments, we separated these two questions and gave participants either one or a control question. In Experiment 1, participants' responses to the afterlife question were coded as being informed more by cultural knowledge and values compared with responses to the emotion question. Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that participants responding to the afterlife question showed greater stereotype usage compared with those responding to the emotion or a control question. In Experiment 4, results illustrate that the afterlife and emotion question differ on various coding dimensions related to self-focus, emotion, and culturally related death words, but not death-related words. In addition, participants who responded to the afterlife question demonstrated greater cultural worldview defense by setting a higher bail for an alleged prostitute compared with those who answered the emotion or a control question. In Experiment 5, participants responding to the emotion question demonstrated a greater preference for personally endorsed values compared with those who responded to the emotion or a control question. These results suggest that the two questions used in the common mortality salience manipulation produce different results when separated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Causes and effects of vertical intergration

This paper sets out to define new measures of industry-average forward and backward integration, and incorporate them into an empirical stucture–conduct–performance model. Results suggest that integration is encouraged where there are relatively few firms in an industry and if sales are increasing. Forward integration occurs in reaction to large outgoing distribution margins. Backward integration acts to increase concentration, at least in some parts of the manufacturing sector. Integratin has a complex and interactive effect on profitability, serving sometimes to raise profitability and sometimes to lower it.
Enzymes and Metabolites of Cysteine Metabolism in Nonhepatic Tissues of Rats Show Little Response to Changes in Dietary Protein or Sulfur Amino Acid Levels

In liver, cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase (CSD), and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) play important regulatory roles in the metabolism of cysteine to sulfate, taurine and glutathione. Because glutathione is released by the liver and degraded by peripheral tissues that express gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, some peripheral tissues may be exposed to relatively high concentrations of cysteine. Rats were fed diets that contained low, moderate or high concentrations of protein or supplemental cysteine or methionine for 2 wk, and CDO, CSD and GCS activities, concentrations and mRNA levels and the concentrations of cysteine, taurine and glutathione were measured in liver, kidney, lung and brain. All three enzymes in liver responded to the differences in dietary protein or sulfur amino acid levels, but only CSD in kidney and none of the three enzymes in lung and brain responded. Renal CSD activity was twice as much in rats fed the low protein diet as in rats fed the other diets. Changes in renal CSD activity were correlated with changes in CSD concentration. Some significant differences in cysteine concentration in kidney and lung and glutathione and taurine concentrations in kidney were observed, with higher concentrations in rats fed higher levels of protein or sulfur amino acids. In liver, the changes in cysteine level were consistent with cysteine-mediated regulation of hepatic CDO activity, and changes in taurine level were consistent with predicted changes in cysteine catabolism due to the changes in cysteine concentration and CDO activity. Changes in renal and lung cysteine, taurine or glutathione concentrations were not associated with a similar pattern of change in CDO, CSD or GCS activity. Overall, the results confirm the importance of the liver in the maintenance of cysteine homeostasis.
Radiative recombination in O2-doped n-type GaAs at low temperatures

Band to band radiative recombination in O2-doped n-type GaAs has been investigated at 20.8 and 4.2 °K using photomagnetoelectric (PME) and photoconductive (PC) methods. Capture rates Br determined from the present experimental data are in excellent agreement with that computed from the Hall's direct radiative recombination formula [4]. The results are Br = 1.15 × 10−8 cm3/s at 20.8 °K and 1.23 × 10−7 cm3/s at 4.2 °K. Es wurde die strahlende Rekombination von Band–Band-Ubergangen in O2-dotiertem, n-leitendem GaAs bei 20,8 und 4,2 °K mit photomagnetoelektrischen (PME) und Photoleitungs-(PC)-Methoden untersucht. Die aus den experimentellen Werten bestimmten Einfangraten Br befinden sich in ausgezeichneter Ubereinstimmung mit denen aus der Hallschen Formel [4] fur direkte strahlende Rekombination. Die Ergebnisse sind: Br = 1,15 × X 10−8 cm3/s bei 20,8 °K und 1,23 × 10−7 cm3/s bei 4,2 °K.
Mechanisms of Long-Distance Electron Transfer in Proteins: Lessons from Photosynthetic Reaction Centers

PROPERTIES OF THE REACTION CENTER .. 272 ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS IN THE REACTION CENTER 275 Summary of R eactions To Be Considered . . 275 Electric Field Effects on Electron Transfer Reactions .. 278 Electric Field Effects on the Initial Charge Separation........ . . . .. . . . . . .. 280 Electric Field Effects on P+QA Recom bination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 ELECTRON TRANSFER IN OTHER PROTEINS . . .. ....... .. . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . .. . 291 General Comparisons......... . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... .... . . . . . . . . . . 29 1 M odified Protein s in Physiological Complexes......... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . ........ . . . 292 RUlhenated Proteins . . . . .. . . . . . ..... ......... . . . . . ..... 294
Does school-related burnout influence problematic Facebook use?

Abstract The internet and social networks, Facebook in particular, are often used by adolescents. According to recent studies this use might sometimes become problematic or addictive. At the same time, high school students are exposed to stress due to the pressures of school work, and this stress might result in burnout syndrome. The aim of this study is to explore whether there is an association between the intensity of burnout and problematic use of Facebook. Two hundred eighty-six high school students completed questionnaires assessing problematic use of Facebook and three dimensions of school-related burnout. The results show that there is an association between burnout and problematic use of Facebook. The “exhausting at schoolwork” dimension for girls and the “feelings of inadequacy at school” dimension among boys are particularly related to problematic Facebook use.
Doppler-scanning tunneling microscopy current imaging in superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids

Mapping the distribution of currents inside a superconductor is usually performed indirectly through imaging of the stray magnetic fields above the surface. Here, we show that by direct imaging of the Doppler shift contribution to the quasiparticle excitation spectrum in the superconductor using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, we obtain directly the distribution of supercurrents inside the superconductor. We demonstrate the technique at the example of superconductor/ferromagnet hybrid structure that produces intricate current pattern consisting of combination Meissner shielding currents and Abrikosov vortex currents.
Reeling in the Demon: An Exploration into the Category of the Demonized Other as Portrayed in The Journey to the West

Les figures demoniaques sont particulierement bien rendues dans le roman populaire chinois de la fin de la dynastie Ming intitule Voyage a l'Ouest. Il s'agit du recit du pelerinage d'un moine bouddhiste en Inde. On comprend pourquoi les demons au depart si dangereux et impurs, sont en realite necessaires. Au fur et a mesure du recit, on en vient a voir le monde a travers les yeux du demon. L'A. du roman vise a une revalorisation du Ch'an caracteristique de la fin de la periode Ming. Les personnages demoniaques explorent et manipulent les structures religieuses qui imposent l'ordre
Modeling Water Adsorption on Rutile (110) Using Van Der Waals Density Functional and DFT + U Methods

We study the energetics and structure of water absorption on the ideal rutile TiO2 (110) surface using dispersion-corrected periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations and on-site Coulomb...
The New Genus Austrogautieria (Basidiomycotina), Segregate from Gautieria

Austrogautieria is proposed as a new genus to accommodate Australian species formerly placed in Gautieria but differing from other taxa in that genus in having ovoid, acuminate spores ornamented wi...
Lack of Effect of Insulin and Blood Fractions on Glucose-ATP Phosphotransferases.∗

SummaryGlucose-ATP phosphotransferase activities of normal and diabetic rat heart and liver were assayed in the presence of normal and diabetic rat serum and plasma and various human serum protein fractions, and in the presence of insulin. No significant alterations in the activities were observed under a variety of conditions.
Bak can accelerate chemotherapy-induced cell death independently of its heterodimerization with Bcl-XL and Bcl-2.

Bak can accelerate chemotherapy-induced cell death independently of its heterodimerization with Bcl-X L and Bcl-2
Fostering Global Citizenship Dispositions: The Long-term Impact of Participating in a High School Global Service Club

ABSTRACTTo assist teachers in fostering students' global citizenship dispositions through service experiences, this article reports findings from a case study that investigated one high school's global service club and its impact on former club members' global awareness and global citizenship dispositions. Data were collected from Web-based documents and interviews with the faculty advisor and four former members. Data were analyzed by using the constant comparison method to elicit the following findings: (1) fundraising and awareness campaigns, when connected to a larger global service network, can act as viable local actions to combat global poverty; (2) club involvement can produce adults who feel more globally aware, but who do not necessary display critical understandings of global issues; and (3) club involvement can have a positive impact on global citizenship dispositions as participants reported feelings of empowerment and personal/social responsibility, yet no former club members continued parti...
Prostatic acid phosphatase and prostatic cancer

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP, EC 3.1.3.2) is a specific acid phosphatase derived from the prostate gland. In normal males a small but detectable level of this enzyme is present in serum. When PAP was found to be elevated in the serum of patients with prostatic cancer [2, 3, 14, 17], the measurement of this enzyme became an accepted clinical adjunct in the detection and diagnosis of prostatic malignancy.
Vaginal Hysterectomy with Anterior-Posterior Colporrhaphy

When the steps in its performance are carefully systematized, vaginal hysterectomy takes much less time, has lower anesthesia requirements, and entails less risk of complications than abdominal hysterectomy. It can be utilized in approximately 70% of women requiring hysterectomy, the author says, and is demonstrated here combined with anterior-posterior colporrhaphy in a parous patient with stress urinary incontinence.
Fat weighing down the insulin receptor

Although most think of type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a disease of glucose metabolism dysfunction, abnormal lipid metabolism is actually the underlying cause of this common disease. Under conditions of energy excess, the liver and skeletal muscle accumulate intermediates in the lipid biosynthetic pathway
Paediatric pharmacokinetics and drug doses

The pharmacokinetics of many drugs are different in children compared to adults. The pharmacokinetic processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion undergo changes due to growth and development. Finding the correct doses for children is complicated by a lack of pharmacokinetic studies. Children’s doses cannot always be extrapolated directly from adult studies. Many paediatric doses are based on the child’s age or weight. These may need adjustment depending on the child and the clinical response. It is important to check dose calculations. The calculated childhood dose should not usually exceed the adult dose.
Expansion of uses for an adaptive attitude determanation and control system

An attitude determination and control system (a system that controls the orientation in three-dimensional space) was developed for use in a small spacecraft. This system was initially developed to resolve issues related to difficulties characterizing the movement model of a small spacecraft a priori and difficulties adapting this model to change. Once the initial design and development work on this system was completed, its prospective utility in areas beyond small spacecraft attitude control became apparent. This paper presents work done to assess the prospective utility of the technology to several other areas including manned aircraft safety and UAV control.
Immune regulation by glucocorticoids

Endogenous glucocorticoids are crucial to various physiological processes, including metabolism, development and inflammation. Since 1948, synthetic glucocorticoids have been used to treat various immune-related disorders. The mechanisms that underlie the immunosuppressive properties of these hormones have been intensely scrutinized, and it is widely appreciated that glucocorticoids have pleiotropic effects on the immune system. However, a clear picture of the cellular and molecular basis of glucocorticoid action has remained elusive. In this Review, we distil several decades of intense (and often conflicting) research that defines the interface between the endocrine stress response and the immune system.
Fractal Analysis of the Binding and Dissociation Kinetics for Different Analytes on Biosensor Surfaces

Biosensors are essential to an ever-expanding range of applications, including healthcare; drug design; detection of biological, chemical, and toxic agents; environmental monitoring; biotechnology; aviation; physics; oceanography; and the protection of civilian and engineering infrastructures. This book, like the previous five books on biosensors by this author (and one by the co-author), addresses the neglected areas of analyte-receptor binding and dissociation kinetics occurring on biosensor surfaces. Topics are covered in a comprehensive fashion, with homogeneous presentation for the benefit of the reader. The contributors address the economic aspects of biosensors and incorporate coverage of biosensor fabrication and nanobiosensors, among other topics. The comments, comparison, and discussion presented provides a better perspective of where the field of biosensors is heading.Serves as a comprehensive resource on biosensor analysisExamines timely topics such as biosensor fabrication and nanobiosensors Covers economic aspects and medical applications (e.g., the role of analytes in controlling diabetes)
Virtually reducing fall risk in Parkinson disease.

Falls are common and often represent devastating events for patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). Prospective studies report that 70% of people with PD have at least one fall in a year, and that 39% fall recurrently. Falls have serious consequences (fractures and other injury, hospital admission, fear of falls, and an increase in caregiver burden).1,2 The few available treatment options are not highly effective.
Emergency Legal Authority and the Opioid Crisis

Six U.S. states have declared their opioid-overdose situation an emergency. Though the scope of these declarations has been limited, they could suggest additional responses to multiple facets of the crisis, especially if emergency powers are used in innovative ways.
Development of Octyl Methoxy Cinnamates (OMC)/Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂) Nanoparticles by Sol-Gel Emulsion Method.

Although octyl methoxy cinnamates (OMC) is the most used Ultraviolet B (UVB) filter in sunscreen, it has poor light stability in emulsion system. In this study, OMC/SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via sol-gel emulsion method. Tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) was used as the silica source to encapsulate OMC. Modification of experimental parameters such as stirring speed of condensation reaction and emulsion condition, pH value of acid-catalyzed, surfactant and different percentage of TEOS and OMC, adding of OMC and surfactant to different phase may affect the particle size, and yield and entrapment efficiency in preparation process of OMC/SiO2 nanoparticles. Concluding all the parameter, we found that when condensation reaction and emulsion conditions are at 1000 rpm, pH 1.5, Span 80/Tween 20, TEOS/OMC ratios 1:1, OMC and surfactants added in oil phase, resulting in smaller particle sizes 476.5 nm, higher yield 95.8%, and higher entrapment efficiency 61.09%. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis demonstrated that OMC/SiO2 nanoparticles were successfully prepared. In vitro release profile supposed that OMC/SiO2 nanoparticles can delay OMC releasing and had 60.83% decreasing of cumulative amount. Therefore, the OMC/SiO2 nanoparticles have the potential to develop as new sunscreen materials in the use for cosmetics field in the future.
Feasibility of Automated Training for Facial Emotion Expression and Recognition in Autism

Impairment in facial emotion recognition (FER) and facial emotion expression (FEE), often documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are believed to contribute to the observed core social-communication disability that characterizes this disorder. Moreover, impaired FER and FEE are frequently seen in other disorders and problem behaviors. We describe the development of a novel system to detect and give real-time feedback on these processes, termed facial emotion expression training (FEET), an automated, gamelike system that is based on 3-dimensional sensing (Kinect) technology. A sample of 40 children (n = 20 ASD, n = 20 typically developing) interacted with our prototype system, which presented audiovisual stimuli and assessed responses of participants. Overall, consumer satisfaction ratings were high, and youth with ASD reported enjoying interacting with the system more than did the typical youth. Results suggest that new technology-based interventions are acceptable to consumers and viable for use in remediation of transdiagnostic processes, such as FER and FEE. Implications for future technology-based intervention to target transdiagnostic processes are discussed.
Social Casework Practice: Who Controls the Worker's Time?:

Caseworkers constantly face the problem of adapting treatment to the time structures of human service organizations. Yet the problem of who controls the worker's time—and its implications—is rarely...
Comparing the Data Quality of Global Positioning System Devices and Mobile Phones for Assessing Relationships Between Place, Mobility, and Health: Field Study.

Background: Mobile devices are increasingly used to collect location-based information from individuals about their physical activities, dietary intake, environmental exposures, and mental well-being. Such research, which typically uses wearable devices or mobile phones to track location, benefits from the growing availability of fine-grained data regarding human mobility. However, little is known about the comparative geospatial accuracy of such devices. Objective: In this study, we compared the data quality of location information collected from two mobile devices that determine location in different ways—a global positioning system (GPS) watch and a mobile phone with Google’s Location History feature enabled. Methods: A total of 21 chronically ill participants carried both devices, which generated digital traces of locations, for 28 days. A mobile phone–based brief ecological momentary assessment (EMA) survey asked participants to manually report their location at 4 random times throughout each day. Participants also took part in qualitative interviews and completed surveys twice during the study period in which they reviewed recent mobile phone and watch trace data to compare the devices’ trace data with their memory of their activities on those days. Trace data from the devices were compared on the basis of (1) missing data days, (2) reasons for missing data, (3) distance between the route data collected for matching day and the associated EMA survey locations, and (4) activity space total area and density surfaces. Results: The watch resulted in a much higher proportion of missing data days (P<.001), with missing data explained by technical differences between the devices as well as participant behaviors. The mobile phone was significantly more accurate in detecting home locations (P=.004) and marginally more accurate (P=.07) for all types of locations combined. The watch data resulted in a smaller activity space area and more accurately recorded outdoor travel and recreation. Conclusions: The most suitable mobile device for location-based health research depends on the particular study objectives. Furthermore, data generated from mobile devices, such as GPS phones and smartwatches, require careful analysis to ensure quality and completeness. Studies that seek precise measurement of outdoor activity and travel, such as measuring outdoor physical activity or exposure to localized environmental hazards, would benefit from the use of GPS devices. Conversely, studies that aim to account for time within buildings at home or work, or those that document visits to particular places (such as supermarkets, medical facilities, or fast food restaurants), would benefit from the greater precision demonstrated by the mobile phone in recording indoor activities.
Preparation of Fetal Islets for Transplantation: Importance of Growth Factors

It is estimated that approximately 1.4 million people in the United States suffer from insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Daily insulin therapy and whole organ pancreas transplantation are the only treatments currently available. Results of the diabetes complications and control trial have indicated that while tight control of circulating glucose levels significantly reduced the complications associated with IDDM, it does not prevent them. Insulin replacement therapy is not sufficient to prevent the macrovascular and microvascular complications that make IDDM the third leading cause of death. Pancreas transplant suffers from a shortage of donor organs and requires that the recipient be placed on lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. Adult islet transplantation has met with little success and also suffers from a shortage of donor organs and the need for potent immunosuppression. In contrast, human fetal pancreas (HFP) is readily available, has the potential for further growth and differentiation following transplantation and can be cultured in vitro. This gives HFP the potential for immunologic manipulation such that immunosuppressive therapy may be significantly reduced or eliminated. The growth and differentiation of HFP may be accelerated with short-term culture in growth factors.
Breathers for the Sine-Gordon equation

The problem of breathers, solutions of a nonlinear homogeneous wave equation that are nontrivial, time-dependent and T-periodic is considered. A manifold of such solutions is shown to exist in a distributional sense and some qualitative properties of these solutions are described.
Abstract 4729: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor directly regulates microRNA-29b to inhibit human natural killer cell development and function in acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a deadly disease in need of novel therapeutic avenues to improve outcomes. Natural killer (NK) cells have the potential to be curative in the setting of AML, although successful strategies to deploy NK cells in patients have been limited to date, likely due in part to cancer-derived immune suppression. Recently, we showed that NK cell development is impaired in the presence of AML. In our present study, we uncover a novel mechanism by which AML releases aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands that in turn activate the NK cells to induce expression of microRNA (miR)-29b, resulting in impaired NK cell development and function. This developmental block was dependent on miR-29b in NK cells, as miR-29b deficient NK cells were resistant to these changes in the presence of AML and miR-29b knockout mice engrafted with AML showed improved survival. In support of these findings in mice, AML patients with a transcriptional profile consistent with an activated AHR pathway had more aggressive disease and decreased survival (p=0.006). AML-derived AHR ligands impaired NK cell development by repressing Tbet and Eomes, two master regulators of late-stage NK cell maturation. We also show that agonist-bound AHR binds a dioxin-responsive element (DRE) located in the promoter of miR-29b to directly induce its transcription as demonstrated by luciferase constructs and anti-AHR ChIP-PCR in primary NK cells. Indeed, transwell co-cultures of AML and immature NK cells found increased miR-29b in NK cells and impaired development that was contact independent. These effects were reversed with addition of the AHR antagonist CH-223191. Finally, we show that AML cells pretreated with CH-223191 and then cultured with NK cells lead to more NK cell IFN-γ production and higher cytotoxicity against AML. Collectively, these data show that AML blasts secrete AHR ligands and AHR is a significant contributor to AML-induced immune suppression by upregulating miR-29b in NK cells and delaying their development, blunting their IFN-γ production and decreasing their cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that targeting AHR may be an effective novel therapeutic avenue because it promotes NK cell maturation while also enhancing NK cell-mediated activation and killing of AML cells. Citation Format: Steven D. Scoville, Ansel Nalin, Luxi Chen, Li Chen, Kathleen McConnell, Susana Beceiro Casas, Abd Al-Rahman, Naima Hashi, Michael Zhang, Jennifer Saultz, Jianhua Yu, Aharon Freud, Michael Caligiuri, Bethany Mundy-Bosse. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor directly regulates microRNA-29b to inhibit human natural killer cell development and function in acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4729.
Multiple Jobholding in States, 2002

United States 5.4 5.3 Missouri 6.5 5.9 Alabama 4.1 3.8 Montana 9.3 8.8 Alaska 8.1 7.5 Nebraska 10.4 10.3 Arizona 5.4 5.8 Nevada 4.8 4.5 Arkansas 5.0 5.3 New Hampshire 7.0 6.5
Correction to: Individual based modelling of fish migration in a 2-D river system: model description and case study

In the original publication of the article, the third author name has been misspelt. The correct name is given in this Correction. The original version of this article was revised.
Nonconsumptive predator effects modify crayfish-induced bioturbation as mediated by limb loss: Field and mesocosm experiments.

We addressed the implications of limb loss and regeneration for multispecies interactions and their impacts on ecosystem engineering in freshwater stream environments.We included regenerative and nonregenerative crayfish as well as fish predators in a 2 × 2 factorial design to assess the effects on water turbidity of interactions between crayfish ecosystem engineers differing in regenerative status and their fish predators.We demonstrated that crayfish limb loss and predation risks lead to more turbidity in field and mesocosm conditions. Moreover, ongoing regeneration of crayfish increased turbidity, while fish presence seemed to hinder crayfish turbidity-inducing behaviors (such as tail-flipping and burrowing) in the mesocosm experiment.We confirmed that greater numbers of crayfish produce a greater amount of turbidity in situ in streams.Although mechanical burrowing crayfish capacities may depend on crayfish burrowing classification (primary, secondary, or tertiary), our work emphasizes the implication for turbidity levels of crayfish autotomy in freshwater streams.
Impact of hybrid supervision approaches on the performance of artificial intelligence for the classification of chest radiographs

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the impact of different supervision regimens on the training of artificial intelligence (AI) in the classification of chest radiographs as normal or abnormal in a moderately sized cohort of individuals more likely to be outpatients. Materials and methods In a retrospective study, 7000 consecutive two-view chest radiographs obtained from 2012 to 2015 were labeled as normal or abnormal based on clinical reports. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained on this dataset and then evaluated with an unseen subset of 500 radiographs. Five different training approaches were tested: (1) weak supervision and four hybrid approaches combining weak supervision and extra supervision with annotation in (2) an unbalanced set of normal and abnormal cases, (3) a set of only abnormal cases, (4) a set of only normal cases, and (5) a balanced set of normal and abnormal cases. Standard binary classification metrics were assessed. Results The weakly supervised model achieved an accuracy of 82%, but yielded 75 false negative cases, at a sensitivity of 70.0% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 75.5%. Extra supervision increased NPV at the expense of the false positive rate and overall accuracy. Extra supervision with training using a balance of abnormal and normal radiographs resulted in the greatest increase in NPV (87.2%), improved sensitivity (92.8%), and reduced the number of false negatives by more than fourfold (18 compared to 75 cases). Conclusion Extra supervision using a balance of annotated normal and abnormal cases applied to a weakly supervised model can minimize the number of false negative cases when classifying two-view chest radiographs. Further refinement of such hybrid training approaches for AI is warranted to refine models for practical clinical applications.
Prolonged viral RNA shedding after COVID-19 symptom resolution in older convalescent plasma donors

Abstract Importance The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for a world-wide pandemic. While the medical community understands the mode of viral transmission, less is known about how long viral shedding occurs once viral symptoms have resolved. Objective To determine how long the SARS-CoV-2 remains detectable following self-reporting of viral symptom resolution. Design A cohort of 86 previously SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were re-tested for proof of viral recovery by nasal swab and nucleic acid amplification less than 28 days after self-reported symptom resolution. This study was approved by the University of Wisconsin Institutional Review Board. Setting A tertiary care center in a mid-size city utilizing a drive-through SAR-CoV-2 testing center. Participants 86 previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals less than 28 days after self-reported resolution of symptoms evaluated as potential donors for COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Intervention Participants underwent nasopharyngeal sampling and subsequent nucleic acid amplification for SARS-CoV-2 genes. Main Outcome SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal secretions detected by rtPCR. Results 11/86 (13%) previously confirmed SARS-CoV-2 subjects were still positive at a median of 19 days (range 12-24 days) after symptom resolution. Older patients were more likely to be test-positive, and older positive patients had lower rtPCR CT values. Test-positive patients were not significantly different from test-negative patients with respect to days since symptom recovery. Conclusions and Resolution These results underscore the necessity of testing COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors less than 28 days after symptom resolution and suggests that COVID-19 positive patients may need to remain in quarantine beyond the recommended two weeks following “recovery.” Trial Registration n/a
A fowl politics of urban dwelling. Or, Ybor City’s republic of noise

This essay traces how Ybor City’s feral chickens are rhetorically and materially situated in urban space, and how Tampa’s Ybor City emerges as a “sanctuary city” for feral creatures. More specifica...
Pyrolysis GC/MS analysis of improved guayule genotypes

Abstract In addition to the commonly known use as an alternative source for natural rubber and hypoallergenic latex, guayule could also be a source of resin and bagasse for use in the pharmaceutical and biofuel industries. Pyrolysis is a method to convert guayule biomass into liquid (condensable gas or bio-oil), which can be an intermediate towards production of biofuels and/or renewable chemicals. In this work, six guayule genotypes that were planted under either well-irrigated or reduced-irrigation conditions were pyrolyzed using a pyrolysis gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument (PY-GC/MS). The products included condensable gas, non-condensable gas and bio-char. Within the condensable gases, selected compounds were divided into nine chemical classes including aromatic hydrocarbons, alkyl phenols, guaiacols, syringols, furans, cyclopentenones, acetic acid and acetol, levoglucosan and limonene groups. As a result, significant variations were observed in the major compounds and prominent sub-constituents of condensable gas among the studied guayule genotypes and under irrigation levels. Strong positive correlations were found between irrigation levels and oxygenated condensable gas components derived from cellulose and lignin, although hydrocarbon components derived from the rubber and resin were found to be negatively correlated with irrigation levels. Results indicated that the genetic variations among guayule genotypes can be used to improve its bioenergy potential, and positive correlations observed among pyrolysis byproducts suggest the possibility to improve several byproducts simultaneously in guayule breeding programs. This research gives an insight to breed for guayule as an economic crop with high bioenergy potential for the development of sustainable agriculture.
CLaSPS: A New Methodology for Knowledge Extraction from Complex Astronomical Data Sets

In this paper, we present the Clustering-Labels-Score Patterns Spotter (CLaSPS), a new methodology for the determination of correlations among astronomical observables in complex data sets, based on the application of distinct unsupervised clustering techniques. The novelty in CLaSPS is the criterion used for the selection of the optimal clusterings, based on a quantitative measure of the degree of correlation between the cluster memberships and the distribution of a set of observables, the labels, not employed for the clustering. CLaSPS has been primarily developed as a tool to tackle the challenging complexity of the multi-wavelength complex and massive astronomical data sets produced by the federation of the data from modern automated astronomical facilities. In this paper, we discuss the applications of CLaSPS to two simple astronomical data sets, both composed of extragalactic sources with photometric observations at different wavelengths from large area surveys. The first data set, CSC+, is composed of optical quasars spectroscopically selected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, observed in the x-rays by Chandra and with multi-wavelength observations in the near-infrared, optical, and ultraviolet spectral intervals. One of the results of the application of CLaSPS to the CSC+ is the re-identification of a well-known correlation between the α_(OX) parameter and the near-ultraviolet color, in a subset of CSC+ sources with relatively small values of the near-ultraviolet colors. The other data set consists of a sample of blazars for which photometric observations in the optical, mid-, and near-infrared are available, complemented for a subset of the sources, by Fermi γ-ray data. The main results of the application of CLaSPS to such data sets have been the discovery of a strong correlation between the multi-wavelength color distribution of blazars and their optical spectral classification in BL Lac objects and flat-spectrum radio quasars, and a peculiar pattern followed by blazars in the WISE mid-infrared colors space. This pattern and its physical interpretation have been discussed in detail in other papers by one of the authors.
Abstract 16572: Single-Cell Transcriptomics Revealed Distinct B Cell Activation and Repression States in Obese Adipose Tissue

Obesity increases risk of several disease states including type-2 diabetes, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease. B cell dysfunction within visceral adipose tissue (AT) has been demonstrated to be...
Middle School Stakeholder Perceptions of School Nutrition Reform Since the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010

School nutrition reform continues to be of interest to many due to the potential for widespread benefits for students who eat at school. however, disparities still exist in implementing the mandate...
ISAC for Algorithm Selection

The inception of algorithm portfolios has had a dramatic impact on constraint programming, operations research, and many other fields. Based on the observation that solvers have complementary strengths and therefore exhibit incomparable behavior on different problem instances, the ideas of running multiple solvers in parallel or selecting one solver based on the features of a given instance were introduced. Appropriately, these approaches have been named algorithm portfolios. Portfolio research has led to a wealth of different approaches and an amazing boost in solver performance in the past decade. This chapter demonstrates how the ISAC methodology can be applied to this task. Ultimately, here we aim to develop algorithm portfolios that are able to deal effectively with a vast range of input instances from a variety of sources.
Legitimacy Is for Losers: The Interconnections of Institutional Legitimacy, Performance Evaluations, and the Symbols of Judicial Authority

In the last decade or so, social scientists of a variety of different intellectual orientations have renewed their interest in the concept “institutional legitimacy.” In part, this reflects concerns over the efficacy of institutions, and in particular the assumption that all institutions require a healthy dose of voluntary compliance in order to be effective. The U.S. Supreme Court is more dependent than most political institutions on the normative support of its constituents; without a “reservoir of goodwill” to protect it, the Court as an institution is quite vulnerable to the dissatisfactions and disappointments of both elites and the mass public.
Macrosegregation during convection-free plane front solidification. II. Cylindrical and spherical geometries

Abstract The diffusion equation has been solved by numerical methods for cylindrical and spherical geometries in which the volume of the fluid phase decreases nonlinearly with time. Solute profiles were determined for conditions of constant velocity, convection-free plane front solidification with negligible solid state diffusion. The profiles depend upon two parameters, the equilibrium distribution coefficient, k , and a Peclet number, Pe, defined as the ratio of sample radius, R , to a liquid diffusion length, D/V , where D is the diffusion coefficient and V the velocity of the freezing interface. It is found that significant differences occur in the solute profiles for inward versus outward solidification, as well as for rectilinear versus cylindrical versus spherical geometries, and these are discussed. At large Pe values the solid concentration achieves a near constant pseudo-steady state value which is greater than 1 for inward solidification, but less than 1 for outward solidification. For values of k (1 − k )Pe ⩽ ≈ 0.1 the profile follows the Scheil equation for both the cylindrical and spherical cases.
German Imperialism in Africa The Distorted Images of Cameroon, Namibia, Tanzania, and Togo

What do the four African countries of Togo, Cameroon, Tanzania, and Namibia have in common? I would expect to receive several responses to this question: for example, Togo and Cameroon belong to Francophone Africa, whereas both Tanzania and Namibia belong to Anglophone Africa. Another response might be to cite similarities in culture and beliefs, but one can also cite the differences between western, central, eastern, or southwestern Africa. Although such responses are acceptable, there remains a definite historical link that is the basis for the present discussion: all of the countries were dominated by the Germans from 1884 to 1914 (the beginning of World War I), prior to the colonization of the French and the British. As a matter of fact, Germany was once the thirdlargest colonial power in the world, preceded by England and France. Despite the fact that Germany's colonial period was relatively brief (as compared to that of other European countries), its influence on these four African countries is still very strong. For example, it is little known that in each of these four African countries, there is a minority population of Africans who have both African and German heritages. They were born during the German occupation, their father German and their mother African. Most Afro-Germans have had little or no contact with Germany since the
Universal versus selective screening for lead in children.

In his commentary in the February 1994 issue of Pediatrics, Dr Harvey recommends selective screening for lead in children based on the lack of evidence that a blood lead (BPb) level 10 µg is too low to justify universal screening.1 We agree that all screening programs should be continually evaluated so that timely refinements can be made. Such evaluations should be based on a fair representation of all available evidence.
Small Molecule Inhibitors: Design and Selection

The discovery and optimization of small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of human disease has been the major focus of the pharmaceutical industry for more than a century. In the last decade, they have also attracted increased attention from academia because they provide a powerful means to interrogate biologic systems in an acute fashion. Although pharmaceutical companies have identified many small-molecule inhibitors for drug targets, to find a desirable small-molecule inhibitor for a specific target is still a major challenge for drug discovery and for chemical biology. Here, we present an overview of the computational approaches that can be exploited to discover small-molecule inhibitors for protein targets of interest.