cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotional Self-Regulation and Flexibility

This chapter presents step-by-step lessons that can help practitioners, educators, and parents teach the executive function skills of emotional self-regulation and flexibility. The Emotional Self-Regulation lesson teaches learners to relate emotional levels to situations and use coping strategies when becoming emotionally charged. In the Flexibility lesson, the learner is taught what it means to be flexible in one’s thinking and strategies to improve the learner’s flexibility with difficult situations. Worksheets, charts, and graphs are provided for tracking progress.
How the Turn to the Jews After the Shoah Helped Open Catholics to Religious Pluralism

For centuries, Christianity has appropriated Judaism in order to legitimize its own teaching. This ancient tradition had mostly negative consequences for Jews, because they were projected as failing a divine calling. But in recent decades Jews have legitimated a more positive tradition, for Christians, Jews, and everyone else. After WWII, theological consideration of the relation of Christianity to Judaism set loose a deeper questioning of the relation of Christianity to other religions, indeed to all humanity. If God’s grace and love continues to reside with the Jews—as the bishops and their advisors concluded at Vatican II—then what about other peoples, other religious traditions? The author traces how the church found a positive answer to this question and opened itself to religious pluralism through its need to speak in a new way to one people after the Holocaust.
What Your Images Reveal: Exploiting Visual Contents for Point-of-Interest Recommendation

The rapid growth of Location-based Social Networks (LBSNs) provides a vast amount of check-in data, which facilitates the study of point-of-interest (POI) recommendation. The majority of the existing POI recommendation methods focus on four aspects, i.e., temporal patterns, geographical influence, social correlations and textual content indications. For example, user's visits to locations have temporal patterns and users are likely to visit POIs near them. In real-world LBSNs such as Instagram, users can upload photos associating with locations. Photos not only reflect users' interests but also provide informative descriptions about locations. For example, a user who posts many architecture photos is more likely to visit famous landmarks; while a user posts lots of images about food has more incentive to visit restaurants. Thus, images have potentials to improve the performance of POI recommendation. However, little work exists for POI recommendation by exploiting images. In this paper, we study the problem of enhancing POI recommendation with visual contents. In particular, we propose a new framework Visual Content Enhanced POI recommendation (VPOI), which incorporates visual contents for POI recommendations. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Monitoring after Closure: A Case of the Horse Already Out of the Barn

Abstract In the past decade, a prolonged period of monitoring after the end of injection has become one of the expected phases of a CO2 storage project among regulators and stakeholders, especially in the US. However, several serious problems with developing this so called Post Injection Site Care (PISC) plan have not been addressed. It remains unclear how prolonged monitoring can be used to improve project performance after a large mass of CO2 has been injected. Requirements during initial permitting and continued during monitoring are designed to create high certainly that CO2 is isolated in the injection zone and will not impact underground sources of water (USDW). These requirements would seem to require assessment of long term stabilization of the plume prior to injecting the CO2. If high certainty of storage permanence cannot be adequately established prior to injection, injection should not be started or continued. Seeking solutions to reduce uncertainty such that long term storage is known to be effective prior to injection of large masses is recommended Such improvements would both lower leakage risk resulting from unplanned migration and lower project cost and cost overrun risk resulting from large uncertainty in future costs of monitoring.
A DNA-conjugated small molecule catalyst enzyme mimic for site-selective ester hydrolysis.

The challenge of site-selectivity must be overcome in many chemical research contexts, including selective functionalization in complex natural products and labeling of one biomolecule in a living system. Synthetic catalysts incorporating molecular recognition domains can mimic naturally-occurring enzymes to direct a chemical reaction to a particular instance of a functional group. We propose that DNA-conjugated small molecule catalysts (DCats), prepared by tethering a small molecule catalyst to a DNA aptamer, are a promising class of reagents for site-selective transformations. Specifically, a DNA-imidazole conjugate able to increase the rate of ester hydrolysis in a target ester by >100-fold compared with equimolar untethered imidazole was developed. Other esters are unaffected. Furthermore, DCat-catalyzed hydrolysis follows enzyme-like kinetics and a stimuli-responsive variant of the DCat enables programmable “turn on” of the desired reaction.
Cross-Basin Patterns of Systemic-Change Drivers and Adaptive Governance Features

Features of adaptive governance and drivers of systemic change were derived using qualitative textual analysis of six North American basin resilience assessments. This meta-analysis sought new knowledge that transcends each study concerning two categories of variables: (1) drivers of change in complex social-ecological-institutional water systems that affect systemic resilience and (2) features of adaptive governance. Pervasive themes, concepts, and variables from these six interdisciplinary texts were identified through inductive textual analysis and then analyzed for cross-basin patterns. Synthesis frameworks, as well as comprehensive lists of the variables that these studies uniformly or nearly uniformly addressed, are presented. These results are cross-interdisciplinary in that they identify patterns and knowledge that transcend several diverse interdisciplinary studies. The relevant and potentially generalizable insights into complex system change and adaptive governance, as well as a set of methods for synthesizing diverse interdisciplinary studies, form a foundation for future research on the dynamics of complex social-ecological-institutional systems and how they could be governed adaptively for resilience.
Insight Into the Central Control of Overactive Bladder Symptoms by Functional Brain Imaging

The goal of this paper is to review the data on brain activity in individuals with overactive bladder that has been gleaned by the use of functional neuroimaging. Recent studies have demonstrated that there are differences in brain activity in individuals with overactive bladder (including anterior cingulate cortex, insula, and prefrontal cortex activation) and have shown that treatment of overactive bladder results in brain activity changes. Functional neuroimaging has provided considerable insight into central nervous system control of micturition and the alterations seen in individuals with overactive bladder. Further work may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of overactive bladder and how its treatments work and thereby allow identification of patient factors that permit individualized counseling.
Cathepsin G, acid phosphatase, and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor messenger RNA levels in keratoconus corneas.

PURPOSE: Keratoconus is characterized by thinning and scarring of the central region of the cornea. The authors have shown, in corneas obtained from patients with keratoconus, that lysosomal enzyme activities are elevated, whereas levels of protease inhibitors such as alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) are reduced. This study was undertaken to examine further the gene expression of cathepsin G, acid phosphatase, and alpha 1-PI in keratoconus corneas. METHODS: Corneal buttons were collected from patients with keratoconus, normal subjects, and patients with other corneal diseases. In situ hybridization was performed on paraffin sections using a tritium-labeled probe for cathepsin G or alpha 1-PI. Competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for lysosomal acid phosphatase and alpha 1-PI in epithelial and stromal cells of keratoconus corneas. RESULTS: Silver grains, indicative of positive in situ hybridization products, were observed in all three cell types of normal corneas for both DNA probes. Compared with normal and other diseased controls, the labeling was enhanced for cathepsin G but was diminished for alpha 1-PI in the epithelium of keratoconus corneas. Competitive PCR showed that the mRNA level for acid phosphatase was higher and that the mRNA level for alpha 1-PI was lower in keratoconus corneas. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the mRNA level for degradative enzymes in increased and that for alpha 1-PI it is reduced in keratoconus corneas. This study provides the first evidence that the altered expression of multiple enzymes and inhibitors in keratoconus occurs at the gene level. Furthermore, it implicates a possible role of coordinated transcriptional regulation of gene expressions in keratoconus.
Immunopathogenesis of Liver Injury

The liver is the largest organ in the body with many vital metabolic functions. It occupies a key position between the gastrointestinal tract and systemic venous circulations. A healthy liver receives 70–75% of its blood form the portal vein (Fig. 7.1). The mesenteric veins of the intestinal tracts as well as the splenic vein are main sources of blood for the portal vein. Additionally, about 30% of the total blood passes through the liver every minute [1], carrying about 1010 lymphocytes in 24 h [2].
rP33 Activates Bacterial Killing by Chicken Peripheral Blood Heterophils

The protection of poultry from infection by Salmonella is of major concern with regard to human health because Salmonella is a common bacterial cause of foodborne diseases, and protection without the use of antibiotics is preferable in order to avoid possible complications involving antibiotic resistance. Salmonella immune lymphokine (SILK), produced by stimulated splenic T cells from Salmonella Enteritidis-immunized chickens, has been shown to confer protection against Salmonella infection on day-old chicks without the use of antibiotics. This protection results from the potentiation of an immune response following treatment with SILK. This study was undertaken to analyze a component of SILK, identified as P33, that is the product of the chicken mim-1 gene. A recombinant derivative expressing a domain of P33 (rP33) has been shown to be chemotactic for heterophils and is therefore instrumental in eliciting the immune response characteristic of SILK-induced protection against Salmonella infection in chicks. We report here that rP33 possesses the ability to activate antimicrobial responses from heterophils. The killing of Salmonella Enteritidis by heterophils was increased by in vitro treatment of the cells with rP33. Treatment with rP33 also stimulated the degranulation of heterophils but did not induce an oxidative burst or upregulate phagocytosis. These results indicate that P33 is an active component of SILK, conferring protection against Salmonella Enteritidis by augmenting the antimicrobial activities of heterophils.
Exacerbation of Congestive Heart Failure After Administration of Polyethylene Glycol–Electrolyte Lavage Solution

Objective:To report a patient with exacerbation of congestive heart failure after administration of polyethylene glycol–electrolyte lavage solution (PEG–ELS).Methods:A MEDLINE search was performed, using the terms congestive heart failure (CHF), gastric lavage, colonoscopy, irrigation, and gastroparesis, of English-language articles published from January 1980 through January 1995, as well as review of pertinent articles' bibliographies.Case Summary:A 45-year-old white woman with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and diabetic gastroparesis received 4 L of a PEG–ELS as preparation for colonoscopy. Within 24 hours she presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and increased bilateral lower extremity edema. She was admitted and treated with intravenous furosemide therapy. After aggressive diuresis her symptoms returned to baseline and she was discharged.Discussion:The literature search revealed no report of a patient requiring hospitalization as a result of sodium and water retention ...
CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS IN UNDERCOOLED DROPLETS

During rapid solidification uniform single phase microstructures and fine-scale multiphase mixtures often represent metastable structures. The crystallization kinetics of a metastable product has been examined in eutectic Pb-Bi alloy droplet sample by thermal analysis methods and x-ray diffraction. In single crystal droplet samples the metastable x phase can be retained during slow heating up to the onset of melting. With controlled cooling over a range of rates, the resulting change in undercooling at the onset of nucleation has been measured to assess the crystallization kinetics. The principal features of the kinetics can be related to the operation of a surface induced nucleation catalysis as described by classical theory. A transformation diagram based on the crystallization measurements is consistent with splat cooling results for x phase formation.
Imaging for Headache: What the Neuroradiologist Looks For

In this article, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging anatomy and pathology of sinus disease is discussed, specifically relating to facial pain, rhinogenic headache, and sinus outflow obstruction. Findings commonly seen in acute, chronic, infectious, and inflammatory sinusitis are illustrated, with additional examples of secondary intracranial and orbital involvement, and more aggressive infectious and neoplastic processes.
Prenatal care--necessary but not sufficient.

Among industrialized countries, the United States continues to have a dismal record with regard to infant mortality, generally ranking about 22nd (Guyer, Hoyert, Martin, et al. 1999) and below much poorer countries. Most infant deaths can be attributed to infants born at low birth weight (LBW, <2,500 grams), especially those born at very low birth weights (VLBW, <1,500 grams), and to those born with congenital malformations. While, indeed, our infant mortality has decreased dramatically, much of this decline reflects increased survival of smaller and smaller infants, since the incidence of LBW births has not declined. In fact, the rate ofLBW births has recently increased. That of VLBW births has remained virtually constant for 30 years among whites and has increased to almost 3 percent of African American infants (Guyer, Hoyert, Martin, et al. 1999). Thus, most observers agree that making substantial progress in improving our reproductive outcomes requires reducing the rates of these high-risk births. Repeated reviews of the situation have focused on interventions in the prenatal period as part of expanded prenatal care (Preventing Low Birth Weight 1985; Prenatal Care 1988). In response, between 1985 and 1989, Congress expanded eligibility for Medicaid coverage for pregnant women up to 185 percent of the poverty level and also enacted a variety of strategies to improve and hasten enrollment (Gold, Singh, and Frost 1993). As a result, about one-third of U. S. births are covered by Medicaid (Singh, Gold, and Frost 1994). Associated with these changes has been an increase in the early initiation of prenatal care (NCHS 2000). As Dubay and colleagues (Dubay et al. 2001) note in this issue of Health Services Research, the results of studies in the effect of these programmatic changes are mixed for the several reasons that they cite. To address this issue, they have performed a before and after analysis using the national natality files
Job Embeddedness Theory as a Tool for Improving Employee Retention

In 2001, job embeddedness theory was introduced as a theory explaining why employees stay in organizations. The accumulated empirical results summarized in a compelling meta-analysis point to the predictive value of the theory. Across many contexts (e.g., for profit as well as not for profit, US and international), researchers have found that job embeddedness predicts staying as well as other positive work outcomes such as in-role and extra-role performance. Further, they have found that those who are more embedded are less likely to be absent or engage in counterproductive work behaviors. Recent theoretical elaborations identifying additional antecedents, moderators and consequences of embeddedness, have enriched both researcher and practitioner perspectives on staying. Based on theory and investigation, many practical implications for organizations seeking to enhance job embeddedness and its associated outcomes are advanced.
Hepatocyte Injury Induced by Contrast-Enhanced Diagnostic Ultrasound.

Objectives Contrast-enhanced diagnostic ultrasound (US) has a potential to induce localized biological effects. The potential for contrast-enhanced diagnostic US bioeffects in liver were researched, with guidance from a report by Yang et al (Ultrasonics 2012; 52:1065-1071). Methods Contact and standoff scanning was performed for 10 minutes with a diagnostic US phased array at 1.6 MHz during bolus injection or infusion of a contrast agent at a high dose. The impact of the imaging on rat liver was investigated by measuring enzyme release, microvascular leakage, and staining of injured hepatocytes. Results The results showed liver enzyme release at 30 minutes, indicating liver injury, and elevated extraction of Evans blue dye, indicating microvascular leakage. In addition, Evans blue and trypan blue vital-staining methods revealed scattered stained cells within the US scan plane. For the Evans blue method, fluorescent cell counts in frozen sections were greatest for standoff exposure with contrast infusion. The count decreased strongly with depth for bolus injection, which was probably reflective of the high attenuation noted for this agent delivery method. Conclusions The results qualitatively confirmed the report by Yang et al and additionally showed hepatocyte vital staining. Research is needed to determine the threshold for the effects and the contrast agent dose response.
Hamiltonicity of claw-free graphs and Fan-type conditions

Abstract For a graph H , let δ F ( H ) = min { max { d ( u ) , d ( v ) } | for any u , v ∈ V ( H ) with d i s t H ( u , v ) = 2 } . For a given integer p > 0 and a given number ϵ , a graph H of order n is said to satisfy a Fan-type condition if δ F ( H ) ≥ 2 n + ϵ p . In this paper, we show that like the planar graphs having obstruction set { K 5 , K 3 , 3 } , for the family of k -connected claw-free Hamiltonian graphs H with δ F ( H ) ≥ 2 n + ϵ p , if k = 3 it has a finite obstruction set in which each graph has order at most max { 9 p ∕ 2 − 20 , 10 } , and if k = 2 it has an obstruction set in which each graph has at most max { 9 p − 20 , 0 } vertices of degree greater than 3. We determine the best possible values of p and ϵ when the obstruction set is empty. We show that for k -connected claw-free simple graphs H of order n with n large enough, each of the following holds: (a) if k = 2 and δ F ( H ) ≥ 2 n − 11 4 then H is Hamiltonian; (b) if k = 3 and δ F ( H ) ≥ 2 n − 19 8 then H is Hamiltonian. These bounds are sharp. For k = 3 and a given integer p , since the obstruction set is finite and can be determined in polynomial time, improvements to (b) for other given values of p are possible with the help of a computer.
Cardinal Properties of “Local Utility Functions”

This paper outlines the cardinal properties of “local utility functions” of the type used by Allen [1985], Chew [1983], Chew and MacCrimmon [1979], Dekel [1985], Epstein [1985], Fishburn [1984], Kami and Safra [1985], Machina [1982, 1983, 1984], Yaari [1985] and others.
High-sensitivity troponin and the risk of atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease: Results from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study.

Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). There is a need for novel biomarkers to reliably and accurately predict AF in this population. High-sensitivity troponin (HsTP) allows the detection of low troponin concentrations. The utility of HsTP for evaluating the risk of AF in CKD has not been established. Objective We sought to explore the association between HsTP and the risk of incident AF in CKD. Methods The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort is a prospective cohort of 3939 individuals with mild to moderate CKD. HsTP was measured at study enrollment. Patients with a history of AF were excluded. Patients were followed for new-onset AF, and the association between HsTP and incident AF was examined using the Cox regression model. Results A total of 3217 participants were included. Over a median follow-up period of 7.1 years (interquartile range 5.0–8.4 years), 252 patients developed new-onset AF (12 events per 1000 person-years of follow-up). The incidence of new-onset AF was 2.46%, 7.06%, and 11.5% at 3, 6, and 9 years, respectively. Compared with the lowest quartile of HsTP, patients in the third quartile of HsTP (hazard ratio 2.40; 95% confidence interval 1.58–3.65; P Conclusion HsTP levels are associated with an increased risk of AF in patients with mild to moderate CKD. This association remains significant despite adjustment for traditional AF risk factors and chronic renal disease.
Switchable phonon diodes using nonlinear topological Maxwell lattices

Recent progress in topological mechanics has revealed a family of Maxwell lattices that exhibit topologically protected floppy edge modes. These modes lead to a strongly asymmetric elastic wave response. In this paper, we show how topological Maxwell lattices can be used to realize nonreciprocal transmission of elastic waves. Our design leverages the asymmetry associated with the availability of topological floppy edge modes and the geometric nonlinearity built into the mechanical systems' response to achieve the desired nonreciprocal behavior, which can be further utilized to form a phonon diode via the addition of on-site pinning potentials that blocks the linear transmission and only allows the signal to transmit in one way. Finally, the nonreciprocal wave transmission can be switched on and off via topological phase transitions, paving the way to the design of cellular metamaterials that can serve as tunable topologically protected phonon diodes.
Learning the Unobservable: High-Resolution State Estimation via Deep Learning

The problem of achieving the fast-timescale state estimation for a power system with limited deployment of phasor measurement units is considered. A deep neural-network architecture that integrates bad-data detection, data cleansing, and the minimum mean squared error state estimation is developed. It includes a universal bad-data detection and a Bayesian state estimation subnetworks. A novel universal bad-data detection technique is proposed that requires no knowledge about data distributions under regular and irregular operating conditions. The subnetwork for universal bad-data detection consists of an inverse generative model and a coincidence test. It is implemented through the training of a generative adversary network and an auto-encoder using slow-timescale historical data. The Bayesian state estimation subnetwork is trained through a generative adversary network with embedded physical models of the power system. Comparing with the conventional weighted least squares approach to state estimation, the proposed minimum mean-squared error state estimator does not require observability. Simulations demonstrate orders of magnitude improvement in estimation accuracy and online computation costs of/ver the state-of-the-art solutions.
Spatial localization of endothelial cells in heterotypic spheroids influences Notch signaling

Cell-based therapeutic approaches are an exciting strategy to replenish compromised endothelial cell (EC) populations that contribute to impaired vasculogenesis. Co-cultures of ECs and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can enhance neovascularization over ECs alone, but the efficacy of cells is limited by rapid cell death upon implantation. Co-culture spheroids exhibit improved survival compared with monodisperse cells, yet little is known about the influence of spatial regulation of ECs within co-culture spheroids. We hypothesized that EC sprouting from co-culture spheroids is a function of EC spatial localization. We formed co-culture spheroids containing ECs and MSCs in two formats: ECs uniformly distributed throughout the spheroid (i.e., mixed) or seeded on the perimeter of the MSC core (i.e., shell). Qualitative observations suggested increased vasculogenesis for mixed co-culture spheroids compared with shell conformations as early as day 3, yet quantitative metrics did not reveal significant differences in network formation between these 3D structures. Notch3 expression demonstrated significant increases in cell-cell communication in mixed conformations compared with shell counterparts. Furthermore, knockdown of Notch3 in MSCs abrogated the vasculogenic potential of mixed spheroids, supporting its role in promoting EC-MSC contacts. This study highlights the direct impact of EC-MSC contacts on sprouting and provides insight to improve the quality of network formation. KEY MESSAGES: • Endothelial cell (EC) localization can be controlled in co-culture EC-MSC spheroids. • Mixed spheroids exhibit consistent networks compared to shell counterparts. • Differences in NOTCH3 were observed between mixed and shell spheroids. • NOTCH3 may be a necessary target for improved vasculogenic potential.
Structure-Photochemical Function Relationships in Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Aromatic Photobases Derived from Quinoline.

Photobases are compounds that become strong bases after electronic excitation. Recent experimental studies have highlighted the photobasicity of the 5-R quinoline compounds, demonstrating a strong ...
Timing of Recognition for Perioperative Strokes Following Cardiac Surgery.

Abstract Introduction: More than half of reported perioperative strokes following cardiac surgery are identified beyond postoperative day one. The objective of our study was to determine preoperative and intraoperative factors that are associated with stroke following cardiac surgery and to identify factors that may contribute delayed recognition of perioperative stroke. Methods: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery or isolated valve surgery from January 2, 2015 to April 28, 2017 at an academic health system were identified from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Registry. We determined preoperative and intraoperative factors associated with perioperative stroke. Two neurologists performed retrospective chart reviews on perioperative stroke patients to determine the last seen well time and the stroke cause. Results: During the study period, 2795 patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery or isolated valve surgery (mean age 64 ± 11 years, 71% male, 72% Caucasian, 9% history of stroke), of which 43 (1.5%) had a perioperative stroke; 31 (72%) patients had an embolic mechanism of stroke based on neuroimaging. In multivariable analysis, perioperative strokes were independently associated with increasing age (OR 1.04, 95% 1.01-1.07), history of stroke (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.47-5.06), and history of thoracic aorta disease (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.16-9.71). Strokes were identified after postoperative day one in 32 (74%) patients of which 26 (81%) had a preoperative last seen well time. Conclusion: Given the high frequency of preoperative last seen well time in perioperative stroke patients who are identified after postoperative day one, delayed stroke recognition may contribute to the bimodal distribution in timing of perioperative stroke. Frequent neurological monitoring within 24 hours after CABG or isolated valve surgery should be considered for all patients undergoing cardiac surgery, particularly elderly patients and those with a history of stroke or thoracic aorta disease, to improve early stroke recognition.
Intermittent Bolus Feeding Enhances Organ Growth More Than Continuous Feeding in a Neonatal Piglet Model

Background Orogastric tube feeding is frequently prescribed for neonates who cannot ingest food normally. In a piglet model of the neonate, greater skeletal muscle growth is sustained by upregulation of translation initiation signaling when nutrition is delivered by intermittent bolus meals, rather than continuously. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of feeding frequency on organ growth and the mechanism by which feeding frequency modulates protein anabolism in these organs. Methods Eighteen neonatal pigs were fed by gastrostomy tube the same amount of a sow milk replacer either by continuous infusion (CON) or on an intermittent bolus schedule (INT). After 21 d of feeding, the pigs were killed without interruption of feeding (CON; n = 6) or immediately before (INT-0; n = 6) or 60 min after (INT-60; n = 6) a meal, and fractional protein synthesis rates and activation indexes of signaling pathways that regulate translation initiation were measured in the heart, jejunum, ileum, kidneys, and liver. Results Compared with continuous feeding, intermittent feeding stimulated the growth of the liver (+64%), jejunum (+48%), ileum (+40%), heart (+64%), and kidney (+56%). The increases in heart, kidney, jejunum, and ileum masses were proportional to whole body lean weight gain, but liver weight gain was greater in the INT-60 than the CON, and intermediate for the INT-0 group. For the liver and ileum, but not the heart, kidney, and jejunum, INT-60 compared with CON pigs had greater fractional protein synthesis rates (22% and 48%, respectively) and was accompanied by an increase in ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 phosphorylation. Conclusions These results suggest that intermittent bolus compared with continuous orogastric feeding enhances organ growth and that in the ileum and liver, intermittent feeding enhances protein synthesis by stimulating translation initiation.
First analysis of world polarized DIS data with small- x helicity evolution

We present a Monte Carlo based analysis of the combined world data on polarized lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering at small Bjorken $x$ within the polarized quark dipole formalism. We show for the first time that double-spin asymmetries at $xl0.1$ can be successfully described using only small-$x$ evolution derived from first-principles QCD, allowing predictions to be made for the ${g}_{1}$ structure function at much smaller $x$. Anticipating future data from the Electron-Ion Collider, we assess the impact of electromagnetic and parity-violating polarization asymmetries on ${g}_{1}$ and demonstrate an extraction of the individual flavor helicity parton distribution functions at small $x$.
Industrial stagnation and the financialization of nonfinancial corporations

In this paper, we analyze the relationship between industrial stagnation in the US economy and the financialization of nonfinancial firms by asking whether firms in industries experiencing a stronger post-1970 tendency towards stagnation allocate more funds to shareholder payouts and, specifically, share repurchases. While strands of the literature on financialization have long-emphasized the role of stagnation in driving financialization, fewer papers have considered this hypothesis empirically. Our paper speaks to this space in the literature, by linking industrial stagnation in capital accumulation to a firm’s decision to financialize. We, first, use firm-level data to construct an empirical measure of industrial stagnation. Drawing on insights from the Monopoly Capital School, we measure stagnation using the Baran ratio — which describes the average share of surplus allocated towards investment within an industry — and show a secular decline in the average Baran ratio since 1980. Second, we analyze if the tendency towards stagnation captured by the declining Baran ratio predicts the likelihood and magnitude of a firm’s shareholder payouts. We show that firms in industries with a stronger stagnation tendency (a lower Baran ratio) are more likely to repurchase stock and, among firms that do repurchase, that a lower Baran ratio predicts a higher magnitude of these shareholder payouts. These results suggest that a slowdown on the nonfinancial side of the economy is one factor underlying financialized firm behavior in the post-1980 USA.
Pausing in the middle of the storm: Assessing functionality of the library Reserve collection for the post-pandemic future

Historically, the library Reserve collections provide access to required readings so students could read these materials in one place for a limited time. This system guarantees the availability of required readings whenever the library is open and contributes to the concept of accessibility, affordability, and equality of higher education. But what happens if the library space becomes inaccessible? What alternatives can be offered when even e-versions of required readings are non-existent?One of the major concerns for the imminent remote operability of the Lloyd G.Sealy library during COVID-19 lockdown was Reserves. When the John Jay College campus was shut down, the virtual 24/7 library operation became a reality. The reference services continued to function via email and chat and the questions about access to the physical Reserve collection and demand for those resources to be available in e-format began to form an avalanche.The author surveyed the teaching faculty about the use of the library’s Reserve collections during the remote teaching mode and analyzed data to assess the functionality of the Reserves in order to help the library make preparations for the Fall 2021 semester as well as envision the post-pandemic future for the Reserve collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Access Services is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Dental public health post-graduate trainees in the US: Experiences, challenges, and opportunities-A qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to explore challenges and opportunities that dental public health (DPH) residents and recent graduates experienced during and after their residency training programs in the US. METHODS In this qualitative study, to recruit participants, study invitations were distributed to 93 DPH postgraduate trainees via social media, email, and an online DPH nationwide course in 2019. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted through Zoom audioconference. The interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was achieved. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and crosschecked to ensure accuracy. The interviews were coded using grounded theory. A qualitative analysis software (ATLAS.ti 8.0) was used to facilitate coding and organizing data extraction from transcripts. RESULTS Eighteen DPH postgraduate trainees from 12 DPH residency programs participated and completed the interview. DPH trainees had experienced educational and financial challenges, difficulty finding DPH-related jobs after graduation, and a complex board examination preparation process. CONCLUSION DPH postgraduate trainees and especially foreign-trained dentists experienced serious challenges during and after their postgraduate residency programs. Opportunities exist to enhance the strength of DPH programs to build a competent DPH workforce.
Cushing's disease: towards precision medicine

The pathogenesis of Cushing's disease is poorly understood; two recent reports identifying somatic mutations in USP8 in pituitary corticotroph tumors provide exciting advances in this field. These mutations alter EGFR trafficking and signaling, raising the prospect that EGFR inhibitors may move the treatment of this disease into the era of precision medicine.
Formation of Binary Systems

Recent observational studies of the properties of binary systems among young stars indicate that the majority of binaries are formed very early in the history of a star, perhaps during the protostellar collapse. Observational studies of these early phases also point to the fact that most stars are formed in binary or multiple systems. Major observational facts to be explained include the present-day overall binary frequency and how it varies with primary mass,1 the non-negligible occurrence of multiple systems, and the distributions of period, eccentricity, and mass ratio among the individual binaries. Theoretical calculations of the collapse of rotating protostars during the isothermal phase indicate instability to fragmentation into multiple systems. This process in general produces systems with periods greater than a few 100 yr, although somewhat shorter periods are possible. Fragmentation during later, optically thick, phases of collapse tends to be suppressed by pressure effects. Therefore, major theoretical problems remain concerning the origin of close binaries. Fission of rapidly rotating stars, tidal capture, and three-body capture have been shown to be improbable mechanisms for formation of close binaries. Mechanisms currently under study include gravitational instabilities in disks, orbital interactions and disk-induced captures in fragmented multiple systems, hierarchical fragmentation, and orbital decay of long-period systems. Single stars, on the other hand, most likely result from escape from multiple systems during the early phases of evolution, but they could also form by the collapse of clouds of low angular momentum, coupled with angular momentum transport after disk formation.
Regulation of NAD(P) Metabolism in Salmonella

John Roth commonly refers to the biosynthesis and recycling of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (and the related cofactor NADP) as the navel of the universe since they are required for hundreds of the fundamental, and thus highly conserved, biochemical reactions of life. In this chapter, the author reviews what is known about NAD biosynthesis in Salmonella enterica (including work done while he was a graduate student in the Roth lab). There are two enzymes known to directly control the NAD to NADP ratio; one is NAD kinase (which produces NADP from NAD), and the other is NADP phosphatase (which runs the opposing reaction forming NAD from NADP). As new NAD(P)-related genes are identified through genomic, genetic, and biochemical approaches, we can increase our understanding of the interplay between cellular regulation of NAD(P) levels and NAD(P)- dependent processes. The chapter ends with the current thoughts on approaches for identifying novel NAD(P)-associated pathways or genes.
Nagô Grandma and White Papa: Candomblé and the Creation of Afro-Brazilian Identity

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Beatriz Gois Dantas Translators: Stephen Berg Year: 2009 Pages: 208 Publisher: University of North Carolina Press ISBN: 978-0-8078-3177-9 (hard cover).
Parametric simulation of the fuel consumption effects of engine design variation with advanced transmission powertrains

A generic simulation study examines the fuel economy interrelationship between basic engine design parameters and the choice of transmission, emphasizing the implications on engine design of the use of optimally shifted, advanced transmissions. A new engine model and a vehicle simulation package were combined to assess, with both conventional and optimal shifting, the fuel economy effects, without octane or emissions constraints, of variation in bore-to-stroke ratio, compression ratio, cam timing, displacement, and friction level. The fuel economy interaction between the engine technology and the type of transmission was also assessed, using measured fuel flow information on a series of diesel and proco engines. In the course of this work, the fundamental factors which determine the fuel economy improvement associated with optimal shifting were identified. The fuel economy effects of engine changes were, in general, quantitatively similar for both conventionally and optimally shifted transmissions.
Fermion Hamiltonians with monopole and quadrupole pairing

In this workshop we have seen evidence that the interacting boson model (IBM) seems to provide a unified phenomenological model of vibrational, transitional, and rotational nuclei. The underlying concept of this model is that the low-lying collective states of heavy nuclei are made up of monopole and quadrupole Bosons &† and d μ† bosons where µ = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2. These bosons can be interpreted to represent correlated pairs of valence nucleons outside the closed core. Hence a natural view of the IBM is that it is an approximation to the complicated shell model description of these heavy nuclei. That is, the valence nucleons move in an average field and the residual. interactions produce correlated monopole, St, and quadrupole, Dμ†, pairs of valence nucleons. The collective low-lying states are then comprised mostly of these pairs, and the effect of the many other more complicated states is mainly to renormalize the shell model Hamiltonian and transition operators.
Contribution of TRPC1 and Orai1 to Ca(2+) entry activated by store depletion.

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is activated in response to depletion of the ER-Ca2+ stores by the ER Ca2+ sensor protein, STIM1 which oligomerizes and moves to ER/PM junctional domains where it interacts with and activates channels involved in SOCE. Two types of channel activities have been described. ICRAC, via Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel, which displays high Ca2+ selectivity and accounts for the SOCE and cell function in T lymphocytes, mast cells, platelets, and some types of smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Orai1 has been established as the pore-forming component of CRAC channels and interaction of Orai1 with STIM1 is sufficient for generation of the CRAC channel. Store depletion also leads to activation of relatively non-selective cation currents (referred to as ISOC) that contribute to SOCE in several other cell types. TRPC channels, including TRPC1, TRPC3, and TRPC4, have been proposed as possible candidate channels for this Ca2+ influx. TRPC1 is the best characterized channel in this regard and reported to contribute to endogenous SOCE in many cells types. TRPC1-mediated Ca2+ entry and cation current in cells stimulated with agonist or thapsigargin are inhibited by low [Gd3+] and 10–20 μM 2APB (conditions that block SOCE). Importantly, STIM1 also associates with and gates TRPC1 via electrostatic interaction between STIM1 (684KK685) and TRPC1 (639DD640). Further, store depletion induces dynamic recruitment of a TRPC1/STIM1/Orai1 complex and knockdown of Orai1 completely abrogates TRPC1 function. Despite these findings, there has been much debate regarding the activation of TRPC1 by store depletion as well as the role of Orai1 and STIM1 in SOC channel function. This chapter summarizes recent studies and concepts regarding the contributions of Orai1 and TRPC1 to SOCE. Major unresolved questions regarding functional interaction between Orai1 and TRPC1 as well as possible mechanisms involved in the regulation of TRPC channels by store depletion will be discussed.
Induction, assembly, maturation and maintenance of a postsynaptic apparatus

The postsynaptic apparatus of the skeletal neuromuscular junction, like that of other synapses, contains a high-density patch of neurotransmitter receptors that is closely associated with a variety of extracellular, transmembrane and cytoplasmic proteins that have adhesive, structural and signalling roles. The postsynaptic apparatus is organized by signals from the presynaptic nerve terminal. It changes in shape, size and molecular architecture as it matures. Once mature, it can be maintained for the life of the organism, but has the capacity for remodelling in response to altered input. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern each of these stages are now being elucidated by a combination of microscopic and genetic methods, allowing the neuromuscular junction to serve as a model for smaller and less-accessible central synapses.
Clinical manifestations of cancer-related hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia is a potentially lethal endocrine disorder occurring in 10% to 20% of cancer patients at some time during the course of their disease. Clinical manifestations vary in severity, depending on the degree and duration of hypercalcemia, rapidity of onset, patient's age, performance status, sites of metastases, previous antineoplastic therapy, and the presence of hepatic or renal dysfunction. The clinical features of hypercalcemia are protean and affect multiple organ systems, resulting most prominently in neurologic, gastrointestinal, renal, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal morbidity. Recognition of the disorder requires a high index of suspicion because many of its symptoms, such as nausea, anorexia, weakness, fatigue, lethargy, and confusion, are non-specific and, in the patient with a malignancy, can result from other complications of the primary disorder. If identified appropriately as being related to hypercalcemia, such symptomatology is potentially reversible with treatment. Whereas in the ambulatory general medical population the most common cause of hypercalcemia is primary hyperparathyroidism, in cancer patients and hospitalized patients in general, the most common cause is malignancy. Hypercalcemia in cancer patients is, in most cases, due to advanced metastasized disease. Diagnostic tests are useful in the differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia, and such tests, together with an accurate history and careful clinical observation, permit the best therapeutic approach to an individual patient.
Predation by Neoseiulus cucumeris and Amblyseius swirskii on Thrips palmi and Frankliniella schultzei on cucumber

Thrips palmi Karny and Frankliniella schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) are serious pests of various crops of economic importance across the globe. Two species of phytoseiid mites were evaluated as potential predators of T. palmi and F. schultzei in the laboratory, a shade house and a commercial cucumber production field. In a no-choice lab bioassay, both Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) and Neoseiulus cucumeris Oudemans (Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) preyed in equal measure on larvae of T. palmi and F. schultzei placed on leaf disks. In the shade house, mites were only recovered from leaf samples and not in flowers. Consequently, they were only effective in controlling T. palmi on leaves. Two rates of mites (20 and 40 mites/plant) were tested in the field. Neither species nor rate suppressed F. schultzei in blooms. In contrast, both rates of A. swirskii suppressed T. palmi on leaves, although the high rate acted more rapidly and therefore had a greater overall effect over the course of the 22-day study. These results suggest that A. swirskii can serve as an effective alternative to conventional insecticide-based management of T. palmi in commercial open field cucumber production in Florida.