cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cerebral hemodynamics, autoregulation, and blood pressure management

Despite a wealth of clinical research in acute stroke, physicians today do not know how to optimally manage blood pressure in these patients. 1 The major focus of clinical research in acute stroke is not, at present, on support ive care issues such as blood pressure, but rather on developing thrombolytic and neuroprotective treatments. Blood pressure (BP) changes in acute stroke are clinically important, 2 because autoregulation is impaired under these circumstances, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is dependent on systemic BP. Initially, elevated BP in a stroke victim may be beneficial because it will increase blood flow to an ischemic penumbra, but if sustained, such hypertension may increase the l ikelihood of cerebral edema and hemorrhagic transformation. We review the state of our knowledge, experimental and cl inical regarding cerebral hemodynamics, autoregulation, and blood pressure management in acute cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage.
Effect of the degenerative state of the intervertebral disk on the impact characteristics of human spine segments

Models of the dynamic response of the lumbar spine have been used to examine vertebral fractures (VFx) during falls and whole body vibration transmission in the occupational setting. Although understanding the viscoelastic stiffness or damping characteristics of the lumbar spine are necessary for modeling the dynamics of the spine, little is known about the effect of intervertebral disk degeneration on these characteristics at high loading rates. We hypothesize that disk degeneration significantly affects the viscoelastic response of spinal segments to high loading rate. We additionally hypothesize the lumbar spine stiffness and damping characteristics are a function of the degree of preload. A custom, pendulum impact tester was used to impact 19 L1‐L3 human spine segments with an end mass of 20.9 kg under increasing preloads with the resulting force response measured. A Kelvin‐Voigt model, fitted to the frequency and decay response of the post-impact oscillations was used to compute stiffness and damping constants. The spine segments exhibited a second-order, under-damped response with stiffness and damping values of 17.9‐754.5 kN/m and 133.6‐905.3 Ns/m respectively. Regression models demonstrated that stiffness, but not damping, significantly correlated with preload (p < 0.001). Degenerative disk disease, reflected as reduction in magnetic resonance T2 relaxation time, was weakly correlated with change in stiffness at low preloads. This study highlights the need to incorporate the observed non-linear increase in stiffness of the spine under high loading rates in dynamic models of spine investigating the effects of a fall on VFx and those investigating the response of the spine to vibration.
Meiotic Genes and Meiosis in Maize

L. Harper USDA-ARS-PGEC, Albany CA USA ligule@nature.berkeley.edu Abstract Meiosis is the specialized cell division required to produce gametes with a haploid chromosome content in all eukaryotes with a sexual cycle. The cellular events that occur in meiosis are evolutionarily conserved, as are many of the proteins associated with meiosis, especially those required for homologous recombination. Maize stands out as one of the premier cytological model organisms for studying meiosis because of its large, well defined chromosomes, the ease in which meiotic stages can be identified cytologically, and its many genetics resources. Powerful forward genetics screens have led to the identification of a large number of maize meiotic mutants although only a few of them have been cloned. In this chapter, we describe the mutant collection, major findings associated with working with these mutants, and the promise of maize cytogenetics for future research.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings following Intraarticular Infliximab Therapy for Refractory Temporomandibular Joint Arthritis among Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Objective. To evaluate the involvement of intraarticular (IA) infliximab (IFX) in the management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) that is refractory to systemic treatment and IA corticosteroid therapy. Methods. Ours was a retrospective study of children with JIA who received IA IFX into the TMJ. The effectiveness of treatment on the progression of acute and chronic changes was assessed by a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging scoring system. Results. Median acute and chronic scores worsened by 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. In multivariate analysis, worsening acute scores and passage of time predicted worsening of the chronic scores. Conclusion. IA IFX allowed for progression of refractory TMJ arthritis in most but not all children with JIA.
Explaining Brinkmanship Standoffs in Congress: Partisan Blame, Action, and Gridlock

Gridlock and brinkmanship are the congressional topics of the day. While they may appear at first blush to be simple manifestations of increasing partisan polarization, these recent spectacles in which the parties in Congress engage in public, protracted, and contentious standoffs on a variety of political issues may be able to tell us something more fundamental about congressional action. I argue that partisan brinkmanship standoffs in Congress — such as recent standoffs over the debt ceiling and government shutdowns — provide insight into how parties aspire to cast blame on each other for governmental gridlock. In doing so, this paper begins to address two existing gaps in our understanding of congressional action.
BILE SALT-DEPENDENT AND BILE SALT-INDEPENDENT CHOLESTERYL ESTER HYDROLASE ACTIVITIES IN RAT LIVER CYTOSOL

These studies report on the relationship between the bile salt-dependent and -independent cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) activities found in rat liver cytosol. The two activities show very similar Michaelis-Menten substrate kinetics and pH dependence. After gel filtration of cytosol, the bile salt-independent activity elutes much earlier than the bile salt-dependent activity, suggesting that the two activities are associated with entities of different molecular size. However, when gel filtration is carried out in the presence of bile salt, the bile salt-dependent activity elutes as a large aggregate, similar to the bile salt-independent activity's behavior in the absence of bile salt. Both activities coelute after cytosol is passed through an ion exchange column. After each chromatographic procedure the recovery of the bile salt-dependent activity was substantially higher than the recovery of the bile salt-independent activity. When cytosol is incubated with anti-rat pancreatic CEH in the absence of cholate, the bile salt-dependent activity is inhibited more than 90% whereas bile salt-independent activity remains unaffected even at high antibody concentrations. When cytosol is incubated with anti-rat pancreatic CEH in the presence of cholate both CEH activities remain unaffected. The prevention of immunoinhibition by cholate seems to be specific for this detergent since CHAPS, a cholate analog, does not prevent immunoinhibition of the bile salt-dependent activity by anti-CEH. The experimental results are consistent with a model for CEH activity in liver cytosol in which there is only one enzyme that can exist in a monomeric, inactive form (that can be activated by addition of cholate to the assay and represents the bile salt-dependent activity) and in an active complex comprising several enzyme monomers as well as cholate micelles (that accounts for the bile salt-independent activity).
Safety Assessment Model of Oil Depot and Its Application

Four aspects of manpower, material, environment and management are considered in a safety assessment model for oil depot. The 16 main factors affecting oil depot safety and 5 assessment grades are determined. The weight of each main factor is determined by improved hierarchy analysis method, and safety state of oil depot is assessed by synthetic assessment model. This method avoids consistency check and adaptation of judgement matrix and makes the assessment be easier and more accurate compared with the ordinary hierarchy analysis method.
Recycle and use of waste lithium-ion batteries

The necessity of waste lithium-ion battery recycle was presented, and main techniques of waste lithium-ion batteries recycle in recent years was reviewed. The prospect of waste lithium-ion battery recycle was proposed.
The Analysis of the Trade Deficit of the Higher Education Service in China

As China has already become a member of WTO,the full scale opening of education service trade will greatly affect the whole country,especially brings more opportunities and challenges to the higher education service field.This paper intends to put forward the problem of big trade deficit of the higher education service in the light of the current situations both home and abroad.Furthermore,it analyses the underdevelopment of the higher education service in China and the motivations of consuming it in foreign countries so as to explore the rules of the higher education service trade development and find out a series of countermeasures and suggestions for retorting the trade deficit.
Age Differences in Time Perception and Their Implications for Decision Making Across the Life Span

Growing evidence suggests that various aspects of time perception differ by chronological age including global time horizons, the tracking of passing time, and the anticipation and forecasting of future events. Since any meaningful decision is situated in a temporal context and entails the consideration of delayed outcomes, age differences in time perception have potential implications for decision making across the life span. In the present chapter we review the extant literature with particular emphasis on (1) age differences in different aspects of mental representations of time; (2) the underlying mechanisms of age differences (i.e., cognitive and emotional aging, personal experience, as well as objective and perceived differences in remaining life-expectancy); and (3) the differential effects of specific aspects of time perception (e.g., global horizons versus anticipation of specific events) on decision strategies and outcomes across the life span. Based on the available evidence, we highlight remaining research gaps and propose an agenda for future research.
The Perceptual Characteristics of Sodium Chloride to Sodium-Depleted Rats

Three experiments assessed potential changes in the rat's perception of sodium chloride (NaCl) during a state of sodium appetite. In Experiment 1, sodium-sufficient rats licking a range of NaCl concentrations (0.028-0.89M) in 15s trials showed an inverted U-shaped concentration response function peaking at 0.281M. Depleted rats (furosemide) showed an identical function, merely elevated, suggesting altered qualitative or hedonic perception but no change in perceived intensity. In Experiment 2, sodium-depleted rats were tested with NaCl, sodium gluconate, and potassium chloride (KCl; 0.028-0.89M) similar to Experiment 1. KCl was licked at the same rate as water except for a slight elevation at 0.158; sodium gluconate and NaCl were treated similarly, but rats showed more licking for hypertonic sodium gluconate than hypertonic NaCl. Sodium-depleted rats were also tested with NaCl mixed in amiloride (10-300 μM). Amiloride reduced licking but did not alter the shape of the concentration-response function. Collectively, these results suggest that transduction of sodium by epithelial sodium channels (which are blocked by amiloride and are more dominant in sodium gluconate than NaCl transduction) is crucial for the perception of sodium during physiological sodium depletion. In Experiment 3, sodium-deplete rats were tested with NaCl as in Experiment 1 but after taste aversion conditioning to 0.3M NaCl or sucrose. Rats conditioned to avoid NaCl but not sucrose failed to express a sodium appetite, strongly suggesting that NaCl does not undergo a change in taste quality during sodium appetite-rats show no confusion between sucrose and NaCl in this paradigm.
Control of the argECBH cluster in Escherichia coli.

The argECBH genes in Escherichia coli are tightly clustered, but argE is not controlled coordinately with argCBH. Furthermore, while nonsense mutations have been isolated in argC and argB which are polar for argH, nonsense and frameshift mutations in argE are found nonpolar for the remaining genes in the cluster. Conditions have been realized for selecting mutations which relieve repression of argC without affecting control of arg genes outside the cluster. These mutations map between argE and argC, are cis-dominant, and cause partial constitutivity for argE as well as for argCBH. These results suggest that the argECBH cluster comprises two operons transcribed divergently from an internal operator-promoter complex.
Critical Curriculum Leadership: A Framework for Progressive Education

About the Book Although traditional curriculum and instructional leadership frameworks have dominated educational administration training for almost thirty years, it has become increasingly clear that even the most recent frameworks have failed today’s leaders who struggle with the politics of curriculum decisions on a daily basis. Critical Curriculum Leadership is an examination of curriculum leadership in the wake of U.S. testing mandates and school reforms, all of which seem to support a particular set of conservative ideologies. Drawing from her own longitudinal ethnographic study and from existing literature and research in the field, Ylimaki explores the formation of curriculum leadership in relation to broader cultural and political shifts. She shows how traditional leadership frameworks have come up short, and makes the case for an alternative leadership theory at the intersection of educational leadership and curriculum studies. She provides analytical tools that inspire progressive education and offers critical theories, strategies, research examples, problem-posing cases, and research ideas essential for curriculum leadership in the present conservative era. Critical Curriculum Leadership will appeal to the many educational leadership scholars and practitioners who are interested in developing effective and socially just curricula in their schools and districts as well as curriculum scholars who are interested in leadership issues. For more information: https://goo.gl/U7s3kR
Blending as a Central Process of Grammar: Expanded Version

An investigation of the way in which the basic mental operation of conceptual integration ("blending") is central to grammar.This is an expanded web version of Fauconnier and Turner, 1996 ("Blending as a Central Process of Grammar." in Conceptual Structure, Discourse, and Language. Edited by Adele Goldberg. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language and Information [CSLI] [distributed by Cambridge University Press]. Pages 113-129.) This expanded version consists of the original article, additional diagrams for the caused motion construction that were edited from the original article to save space, and an additional section on the ditransitive construction, which is excerpted from Turner and Fauconnier, 1999, "A Mechanism of Creativity," Poetics Today.
Polyaniline Versus Polyacetylene, or, Rings Versus Bonds and the Roles of Barriers and Crystallinity

Wide-spread study of polyacetylene for the past decade has demonstrated that the energy gap of trans-polyacetylene is due to the electron-phonon interaction with some contribution from the Coulomb interaction. Injected charge carriers in soliton and polaron states have modest masses, of order me. The time dynamics for the relaxation of photoinduced charge indicate that there are no very long-lived states. The leucoemeraldine and emeraldine forms of polyaniline differs substantially from polyacetylene. Their large energy gaps have origin in the electronic structure of C6 rings. Additional injected charges form very long-lived polaron states, the masses of which are 50–100 me. The dramatic difference in the behavior of polyaniline with respect to polyacetylene reflects the important role of ring-torsion angles. Highly doped New-polyacetylene has conductivity o in excess of 104 S/cm. Combined conductivity, thermopower, susceptibility and magneto-resistance studies show that the charge motion is three-dimensional and barrier limited. In contrast, heavily doped polyaniline (emeraldine salt) has conductivities up to 102 S/cm. Extensive transport studies show that though the charge motion is three-dimensional, the “metallic” regions are sufficiently small such that charging energy limited tunneling dominates the measured resistance. The ability to derivatize the polyaniline system enables the control of the separation between the polyaniline chains. Systematic study of this has shown the important role of localization of charge as the chains are separated. Recent advances in synthesis and processing of polyaniline including oriented films, fibers, and even a self-doped derivative have opened up new opportunities for basic studies and applications.
Persistence of Non-Newtonian Squeeze Films in Joints

The fluid found between cartilage surfaces in joints is a dilute solution of an unbranched long chain polymer, which causes the synovial fluid to follow the power law model of a shear thinning fluid over a range of 5 orders of magnitude of the shear rate. An analysis was performed to determine the pressure distribution and load-velocity relationships for a squeeze bearing containing a shear thinning fluid, bounded by paraboloid surfaces, and sub­jected to a constant squeeze load.
Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Crush Injury in the Rat Model: A Comparative Review of Pharmacologic Interventions.

Abstract Introduction It is common for men to develop erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. The anatomy of the rat allows the cavernous nerve (CN) to be identified, dissected, and injured in a controlled fashion. Therefore, bilateral CN injury (BCNI) in the rat model is routinely used to study post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction. Aim To compare and contrast the available literature on pharmacologic intervention after BCNI in the rat. Methods A literature search was performed on PubMed for cavernous nerve and injury and erectile dysfunction and rat . Only articles with BCNI and pharmacologic intervention that could be grouped into categories of immune modulation, growth factor therapy, receptor kinase inhibition, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition, and anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic interventions were included. Main Outcome Measures To assess outcomes of pharmaceutical intervention on erectile function recovery after BCNI in the rat model. The ratio of maximum intracavernous pressure to mean arterial pressure was the main outcome measure chosen for this analysis. Results All interventions improved erectile function recovery after BCNI based on the ratio of maximum intracavernous pressure to mean arterial pressure results. Additional end-point analysis examined the corpus cavernosa and/or the major pelvic ganglion and CN. There was extreme heterogeneity within the literature, making accurate comparisons between crush injury and therapeutic interventions difficult. Conclusions BCNI in the rat is the accepted animal model used to study nerve-sparing post-prostatectomy erectile dysfunction. However, an important limitation is extreme variability. Efforts should be made to decrease this variability and increase the translational utility toward clinical trials in humans. Haney NM, Nguyen HMT, Honda M, et al. Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Crush Injury in the Rat Model: A Comparative Review of Pharmacologic Interventions. Sex Med Rev 2017;X:XXX–XXX.
The use and effectiveness of pro re nata psychotropic medications in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Background: Published studies have not demonstrated the benefits of the practice of psychotropic PRN administration. Aim: The goal of this study is to perform a systematic review on pro re nata (PRN) psychotropic medications administration in children and adolescents and examine the safety and effectiveness of this practice in child and adolescent psychiatric care units. Settings and Design: This is a systematic review. Materials and Methods: Several databases were searched till date. One hundred and sixty-five titles and abstracts were found and a total of 14 studies, for which most were retrospective, met the absolute criteria. The patients studied were children, adolescents and patients that presented to the emergency room or admitted as inpatient. Results: Indications for admission included aggression and agitation for all the studies. Most the medications used include haloperidol, olanzapine, diazepam, and risperidone. Commonly reported adverse effects following the administration of the PRN medications were sleepiness, acute dystonia, and drowsiness. The effectiveness of PRN medications, which was reported in four of reviewed studies, ranged from 30% to 50%. Conclusion: Different effectiveness/outcome measures were used for all the studies; therefore, we could not generalize effectiveness across all the studies. Findings of the reviewed articles show the imperativeness of more research to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of PRN medications among child and adolescent populations.
Violência contra crianças: informe mundial

In 2003 I was appointed by the UN Secretary-General as his Independent Expert to conduct a study with the support of the Office of the High Commissioner for ...
Genetic variant analysis of boys with Autism: A pilot study on linking facial phenotype to genotype

This work examines the validity of facial phenotypes as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) biomarkers in boys with essential autism. A family-based association analysis framework is presented that uses previously identified facially-delineated (FD) clusters to examine relationship between FD clusters and known ASD genes. The hypothesis is that there are certain genetic variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), specific to the FD clusters. Although statistical significance was not established, the results identified some candidate SNPs unique to each of the FD clusters that could indicate an underlying etiological difference. Further, recommendations are provided for larger-scale studies that could utilize the analysis framework presented.
Thermal care of newborns: drying and bathing practices in Malawi and Bangladesh.

Background Thermal care of newborns is one of the recommended strategies to reduce hypothermia, which contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality. However, data on these two topics have not been collected at the national level in many surveys. In this study, we examine two elements of thermal care: drying and delayed bathing of newborns after birth with the objectives of examining how two countries collected such data and then looking at various associations of these outcomes with key characteristics. Further, we examine the data for potential data quality issues as this is one of the first times that such data are available at the national level. Methods We use data from two nationally-representative household surveys: the Malawi Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2014 and the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. We conduct descriptive analysis of the prevalence of these two newborn practices by various socio-demographic, economic and health indicators. Results Our results indicate high levels of immediate drying/drying within 1 hour in Malawi (87%). In Bangladesh, 84% were dried within the first 10 minutes of birth. Bathing practices varied in the two settings; in Malawi, only 26% were bathed after 24 hours but in Bangladesh, 87% were bathed after the same period. While in Bangladesh there were few newborns who were never bathed (less than 5%), in Malawi, over 10% were never bathed. Newborns delivered by a skilled provider tended to have better thermal care than those delivered by unskilled providers. Conclusion These findings reveal gaps in coverage of thermal care and indicate the need to further develop the role of unskilled providers who can give unspecialized care as a means to improve thermal care for newborns. Further work to harmonize data collection methods on these topics is needed to ensure comparable data across countries.
Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy for Benign Disease

This chapter focuses on the history of esopagectomies from open procedures to the pioneers of minimally invasive techniques who have standardized the use of laparoscopic surgical options for benign esophageal diseases. At present there are two widely accepted techniques for the treatment of esophageal diseases, two site Ivor-Lewis and three site McKeown procedures. Each with slightly different applications, goals, and surgical steps which are highlighted in detail with step-by-step instructions. Postoperative goals and pitfalls are also discussed.
Not So Fast: A Response to Raskin

In our response to Raskin, we caution that combining incompatible vocabularies usually results in a linguistic muddle from which it becomes increasingly difficult to escape. Although omnibus terms ...
Leaching Characteristics of Industrial Metal Finishing Wastewater Treatment Plant Solids

The safe disposal of industrial wastes is an international problem of increasing magnitude. There are very limited disposal sites for wastes which are hazardous in nature. The purpose of this study was to determine the leaching characteristics of solids resulting from the treatment for discharge of wastewaters produced by typical large metal finishing facilities. Samples were chosen so that the full range of both manufacturing processes and products produced were covered. The primary processes which contributed to the wastewater for treatment were “phosphating” in preparation for organic coating and “pickling” in preparation for application of porcelain enamel. These samples, along with a sandy loam soil as a control, were placed in lysi-meters. Distilled water was used as the leaching liquid, as being most representative of landfill conditions. Liquid was passed through the samples at the rate of one liter per week. Based upon the area of the lysimeter this rate was equivalent to a percolation rate of 510 cm per year. Leachate samples were analyzed for twenty-two different parameters: pH, TSS, COD, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate. Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn. The results of these tests indicate that the WWTP solids act very similarly to the soil used as a control. The leachate concentrations of heavy metals and the depletion of the heavy metals were such that this material would create no problems if disposed in an ordinary landfill – indicating that it is neither toxic nor hazardous. The time frame of this experiment was equivalent to ten years exposure in an ordinary landfill, and to a much longer period if deposited in a sanitary landfill.
Defining the toxicity limits on microbial range in a metal-contaminated aquifer

In extreme environments, toxic compounds restrict which microorganisms persist. However, in complex mixtures of inhibitory compounds, it is challenging to determine which specific compounds cause changes in abundance and prevent some microorganisms from growing. We focused on a contaminated aquifer in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. that has low pH and high concentrations of uranium, nitrate and many other inorganic ions. In the most contaminated wells, the microbial community is enriched in the Rhodanobacter genus. Rhodanobacter relative abundance is positively correlated with low pH and high concentrations of U, Mn, Al, Cd, Zn, Ni, Co, Ca, NO3-, Mg, Cl, SO42-, Sr, K and Ba and we sought to determine which of these correlated parameters are selective pressures that favor the growth of Rhodanobacter over other taxa. Using high-throughput cultivation, we determined that of the ions correlated high Rhodanobacter abundance, only low pH and high U, Mn, Al, Cd, Zn, Co and Ni (a) are selectively inhibitory of a sensitive Pseudomonas isolate from a background well versus a representative resistant Rhodanobacter isolate from a contaminated well, and (b) reach toxic concentrations in the most contaminated wells that can inhibit the sensitive Pseudomonas isolate. We prepared mixtures of inorganic ions representative of the most contaminated wells and verified that few other isolates aside from Rhodanobacter can tolerate these 8 parameters. These results clarify which toxic inorganic ions are causal factors that impact the microbial community at this field site and are not merely correlated with taxonomic shifts.
The Effects of Religious Participation and Familial Assistance on Mental Health among Older Chinese and Korean Immigrants: Multiple Mediator Analyses.

Older Asian immigrants are one of the fastest growing segments of the U.S. population and a growing number of them reside in non-traditional destination cities. However, there is a paucity of research on older Asian immigrants living in these non-traditional destination cities, and how this residential choice impacts their stress and mental health. In the current study, we examined how stressors and social support contribute to the overall mental health of older Asian immigrants who lack access to culturally responsive formal social support services. Using a convenience sample of older Chinese (n = 120) and Korean (n = 118) immigrants living in Arizona, we conducted multiple mediator analyses, focusing specifically on how ethnicity would differentially influence mediating effects of religious participation and familial assistance in the relationships between physical/acculturative stressors and mental health outcomes. The results showed that among older Chinese immigrants, religious participation significantly mediated the relationships between both physical/acculturative stressors and mental health, while there was no significant mediation effect detected among older Korean immigrants. Although Asian Americans are often perceived as a monolithic homogeneous group, the multiple mediator models suggest significant differences in the use of cultural/information resources in coping with life stressors and their impact on mental health outcomes between the older Chinese and Korean immigrants in our study. The study findings suggest a need for developing and strengthening formal social services in non-traditional destination cities that are culturally and linguistically responsive to those older Asian immigrants.
Implementation of a reformulated Roche® bilirubin Gen.3 reagent did not affect the relationship between BiliChek transcutaneous and Roche total serum bilirubin.

Abstract Objective Determine whether introduction of a reformulated bilirubin reagent, the Roche bilirubin Gen.3 assay, changed the relationship between BiliChek transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) and total serum bilirubin (TSB). Design and methods TcB results from term infants in the level 1 nursery obtained within one hour of a TSB were reviewed over two periods, six months before and after the conversion from the previous generation Roche bilirubin reagent to the new Roche Gen.3 bilirubin assay. TcB measurements were performed using BiliChek transcutaneous devices (Respironics, Marietta GA). Distribution of TSB results, and TcB minus TSB bias, were compared before and after introduction of the reformulated Roche bilirubin Gen.3 assay. Median and interquartile range (IQR) TSB values and bias were calculated. A statistical difference between median TSB values and bias were assessed using Man-Whitney test. Results A total of 301 paired TcB and TSB results were obtained, 172 before and 129 after implementation of the reformulated Roche bilirubin Gen.3 reagent. Median (IQR) TSB was 7.8 (6.8–8.7)mg/dL (133.3 (116.3–148.8) μmol/L) before and 7.6 (6.7–8.4)mg/dL (130 (114.6–143.6)μmol/L) after implementation of the reformulated reagent (p = .1373). Median (IQR) bias between TcB and TSB was 2.9 (2.2–3.7) mg/dL (49.6 (37.6–63.3)μmol/L) before the reformulated reagent was implemented; and did not change at 2.9 (2.1–3.9) mg/dL (49.6 (35.9–66.7)μmol/L) after implementation (p = .8242). Conclusion Implementation of the reformulated Roche bilirubin Gen.3 reagent did not affect the relationship between BiliChek transcutaneous and total serum bilirubin; thus no changes were needed to the neonatal TcB screening protocol as a result of the new bilirubin reagent.
Development of a simultaneous PET/Ultrasound imaging system with near real-time reconstruction capability for point-of-care applications

In this project, we propose to investigate the feasibility of a novel technology that will bring both PET and ultrasound imaging to the patient bedside to support point-ofcare(PoC) molecular imaging applications. The system will comprise of a panel detector placed behind the patient and a maneuverable probe that consists of a PET detector and an ultrasound transducer. The probe can be moved around a region-of-interest in the patients’ body to collect both PET coincidence events and ultrasound signals. The location of the maneuverable probe relative to the back panel detectors is tracked in real-time as coincidence events are recorded. These events are used for list-mode image reconstruction in near realtime to provide visual feedback to the operator who can interactively control the probe to collect additional counts from the most critical locations and/or angles in order to dynamically optimize the image quality. To prove the concept, we developed a prototype that consists of a single channel SiPM(SensL FB30035) coupled to a 3.0 $\times$3.0$\times$20.0 mm$^{ 3}$ LSO crystal as the back detector. The maneuverable probe consists of an ultrasound transducer and a PMT(Hamamatsu H8500) coupled to 48$\times$48 LSO crystals of 1.0$\times$1.0$\times$10.0 mm$^{ 3}$ each. A robotic arm allows us to position the probe at arbitrary locations. Coincidence timing resolution of 470 ps FWHM has been achieved. We have implemented a GPUbased fully 3D list-mode Time-Of-Flight image reconstruction algorithm that can model the dynamically changing geometry of this PoC system. In this study, we report preliminary results from both actual experiments using this prototype and simulations using GATE. Detector modules with larger sensitive volume will be fabricated and tested to perform more imaging studies in order to explore the capability of this class of system.
An investigation of the reactions between azido alcohols and phosphoramidites

The reactions of several β-, γ-, and δ-azido alcohols with dibenzyl and dimethyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidites were examined. Detailed analysis of the intermediates and products formed from the reactions under different conditions provided useful information to gain insights into their mechanisms involving intramolecular Staudinger reaction, as well as the structure-reactivity relationships of both substrates. The reactions of γ- and δ-azido alcohols with dibenzyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite could produce 6- and 7-membered cyclic phosphoramidates, thereby providing a new synthetic method for these biologically important molecules.
A comparison of the dimensionality of the Hamilton Rating Scale for anxiety and the DSM-5 Anxious-Distress Specifier Interview.

Abstract The Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) is one of the most widely used measures for assessing anxiety in research settings. However, it has been criticized for its inclusion of items that assess depressive symptoms. The DSM-5 Anxious Distress Specifier Interview (DADSI), developed as one assessment tool for measuring anxiety among depressed patients, demonstrates similar validity when compared with the HAM-A. However, its underlying factor structure has never been explored. The goal of the current study, therefore, was to compare the underlying factor structures of the HAM-A and the DADSI among clinically depressed (n = 576) and non-depressed (n = 146) patient samples. While two- and three-factor structures of the HAM-A fit similarly well among patients with a current major depressive episode, the three-factor structure—with anxiety and depressive symptoms forming separate factors—fit best among patients without a current major depressive episode. The DADSI was best represented by a single-factor model in both groups. The DADSI showed stronger associations with anxiety and somatic symptoms than with depressive symptoms of the HAM-A. These findings add to the characterization of the DADSI, and further highlight an important consideration for the use of HAM-A as a measure of anxiety in outcome studies.
Surface conditions for microcosm development and proliferation of SRB on steel with cathodic corrosion protection

Abstract Steel components used in civil infrastructure are susceptible to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in marine environments due to the interactions between the metal and its environment with varying water quality parameters (chemical and biological). Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has been associated with MIC by a cathodic depolarization mechanism due to the reaction of surface hydrogen. Recent findings at a Florida bridge showed severe localized corrosion associated with microbial activity and heavy marine fouling of the submerged steel piles. Cathodic protection can be applied to control the corrosion of steel; however, the mitigation may be impaired by the microbial activity and marine fouling. The objective of this work was to explore reduction reactions on cathodically polarized steel surfaces and evaluate the influence of cathodic polarization on sulfate reduction reaction. It was of interest to characterize the reduction reaction in crevices representative of different physical properties of the marine foulers where SRB can be supported. Field testing was conducted to differentiate the cathodic protection currents that develop in the presence of microorganisms under the layer of marine fouling in natural environments. Laboratory tests were conducted to elucidate the cathodic reactions by potentiostatic cathodic polarization of steel specimens in solutions inoculated with SRB. Field testing showed that proliferation of the bacteria was not inhibited in the presence of cathodic polarization at about −1000 mVCSE and corrosion continued in the localized regions under fouling encrustation. The larger cumulative charge relating to the apparent sulfate reduction by SRB corresponded to higher levels of cathodic polarization. Sulfate reduction by SRB can be a significant contributor to the electrochemical process for steel corrosion with cathodic polarization. For the porous crevice environments, large cathodic currents and high sulfate reduction coincided with the development of sustained SRB growth.
Chapter 25 – Aphasia

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study on the clinical aspects of aphasia. In most adults the regions that are most vital for symbolic communication are located in the perisylvian region of the left cerebral hemisphere. Depending on the size and location of the damaged area there may be preferential loss of the capability to express or to comprehend spoken or written language. The set of clinical presentations denoting any acquired disorder of language is labeled with the general term aphasia. Aphasia must be distinguished from abnormalities of the motor or sensory systems that are utilized by, but are outside of the language network. At the border between aphasic and nonaphasic deficits are certain uncommon perceptual deficits that are specific for linguistic sensory information, such as "pure word deafness" and "pure word blindness." Most investigators classify these, as well as other forms of alexia and the various agraphias, under the general classification of aphasia or aphasia-related syndromes. It is important to distinguish between disturbances of the language network and those of other higher cortical modules, including those mediating memory, attention, and executive function. Despite these distinctions, aphasia frequently coexists with one or more motor, sensory, or cognitive abnormalities. The chapter discusses classical aphasiology and cognitive neurolinguistics, cortical lesions affecting language, and subcortical aphasic syndromes. The discussion on principles of therapy include reactivation of linguistic functions, pragmatic therapy, pharmacotherapy, and others.
Intestinal Epithelial TBK1 Prevents Differentiation of T-helper 17 Cells and Tumorigenesis in Mice.

Background & Aims Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) regulate intestinal immune cells, particularly development of T-helper 17 (Th17) cells. Deregulation of this process leads to intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis, via unknown mechanisms. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is expressed by IECs and cells in the innate immune system. We studied the functions of TBK1 in the intestinal immune response and tumorigenesis in mice. Methods We performed studies of wild-type mice, mice with conditional disruption of Tbk1 (Tbk1IEC-KO), Tbk1IEC-KO mice crossed with ApcMin/+ mice, and Mt–/– mice crossed with ApcMin/+ mice. Some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of a neutralizing antibody against interleukin 17 (IL17) or IL1β. Intestine tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology, for numbers of adenomas and Th17 cells, and expression of inflammatory cytokines by real-time PCR. IECs were isolated from wild-type and Tbk1IEC-KO mice, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, co-cultured for with bone marrow-derived macrophages, and analyzed by RNA sequencing and biochemical analyses. Results Compared to ApcMin/+Tbk1WT mice, ApcMin/+Tbk1IEC-KO mice had significant increases in number and size of intestinal polyps, and significantly more Th17 cells in lamina propria. Administration of an antibody against IL17 reduced the number of intestinal polyps in ApcMin/+Tbk1IEC-KO mice to that observed in ApcMin/+Tbk1WT mice. In culture, TBK1-deficient IECs promoted expression of IL1β by macrophages, which induced differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the TBK1-deficient IECs had increased expression of metallothionein 1 (MT1), an immune regulator that promotes intestinal inflammation. Intestine tissues from ApcMin/+Mt–/– mice had significant fewer Th17 cells than ApcMin/+Mt+/+ mice, and a significantly lower number of polyps. Analyses of colorectal tumors in the Cancer Genome Atlas found colorectal tumors with high levels of MT1 and IL17 mRNAs to be associated with reduced survival times of patients. Conclusions Expression of TBK1 by IECs suppresses expression of MT1 and prevents expression of IL1β by macrophages and differentiation of Th17 cells, to prevent inflammation and tumorigenesis. Strategies to block this pathway might be developed for colorectal tumorigenesis.
Influence of hydrogen isotopes on vacancy formation and antisite defect diffusion in palladium and vanadium metals

Abstract Density functional theory calculations are performed to study the interaction between hydrogen isotopes, vacancy, and antisite defects in Pd and V. Various defect cluster configurations are systematically explored. Binding energies and migration energy barriers are calculated and tabulated. The study provides atomistic data for subsequent mesoscale simulations of hydrogen isotopes, vacancy, and antisite diffusion. In Pd, tritium reduces the formation energy of a vacancy and a vacancy + antisite cluster. As a result, tritium increases the thermal concentration of vacancies by a factor of ∼10 at 500 °C and enhances V antisite tracer diffusivity by a factor of ∼6 at 500 °C. The influence of tritium is more significant in V than in Pd. In V, the presence of tritium increases the thermal concentration of vacancies by a factor of ∼300 at 500 °C and enhances Pd antisite tracer diffusivity by a factor of ∼15 at 500 °C. Vanadium and Pd exhibit a strong driving force to intermix with a formation energy of −1.57 eV for V antisite in Pd and −1.05 eV for Pd antisite in V. Zero-point-energy corrections are considered and data for hydrogen and tritium are presented.
2D to 3D Neurovascular Reconstruction from Biplane View via Deep Learning

Three-dimensional visualization of vessels from digital X-Ray angiogram expands the current application of angiography technique. Conventionally, such techniques require a high dose of radiation exposure and long processing time; therefore, seeking a safe and instant reconstruction method of vessels is important. This paper aims to propose a framework of reconstructing the neurovascular model with biplane X-Ray angiography as inputs. The model is generated from a well-trained deep learning model by which effectively reduce the time spent during reconstruction. We implement an adversarial network, consisting of a U-Net and a standard convolutional neural network, to collaborate with the X-Ray angiography as label and the ground truth as training output. The result of reconstruction is evaluated on several quantitative metrics for medical imaging segmentation models. Experimental result shows that our model improves the prediction performance while preserving computational efficiency.
A simple method for computing the formation free energies of metal oxides

Abstract This paper purposes a simple procedure for obtaining the formation free energy of metal oxides in their solid states by introducing the concept of virtual solid oxygen free energy. This scheme is meant to address the fact that standard Density functional Theory (DFT) methods tend to exhibit poor accuracy for energy differences between condensed and gas phases. The idea is to define an oxygen reference state entirely in terms of solid oxide phases, so that formation free energies can be obtained without having to compute molecular energies. The proposed reference free energy can be easily obtained from both computations and experiments, thus enabling the direct integration of DFT and experimental data. Using the molybdenum system to construct this reference, we compute the Ellingham diagram for oxides of Mo, Cu, Mg, Al and Zn, which all show good agreement with experimental values. This procedure is independent of specific total energy method used, and is applicable to formation free energy calculations of any metal oxides.
Cryptococcus gattii Meningitis in a Previously Healthy Young Woman: A Case Report.

Author(s): Maciey, Sarabeth; Maria, Chloe Santa; Oshima, Sachie; Newberry, Jennifer | Abstract: Introduction: Cryptococcus gattii (C. gatti) is a rare cause of meningitis in the United States. Outbreaks in new geographic distributions in the past few decades raise concern that climate change may be contributing to a broader distribution of this pathogen. We review a case of C. gattii in a 23-year-old woman in Northern California who was diagnosed via lumbar puncture after six weeks of headache, blurred vision, and tinnitus.Case Report: A 23-year-old previously healthy young woman presented to the emergency department (ED) after multiple visits to primary care, other EDs, and neurologists, for several weeks of headache, nausea, tinnitus, and blurred vision. On examination the patient was found to have a cranial nerve VI palsy (impaired abduction of the left eye) and bilateral papilledema on exam. Lumbar puncture had a significantly elevated opening pressure. Cerebrospinal fluid studies were positive for C. gattii. The patient was treated with serial lumbar punctures, followed by lumbar drain, as well as amphotericin and flucytosine. The patient had improvement in headache and neurologic symptoms and was discharged to another facility that specializes in management of this disease to undergo further treatment with immunomodulators and steroids.Conclusion: Fungal meningitis is uncommon in the US, particularly among immunocompetent patients. Due to climate change, C. gattii may be a new pathogen to consider. This finding raises important questions to the medical community about the way global climate change affects day to day medical care now, and how it may change in the future.
The use of illustrations to explore social work students’ perceptions of interprofessional teams

Social workers often practice within interprofessional teams, yet few research studies have examined social work students’ perceptions of their role on these teams using a visual methodology such a...