cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Shock Tube Study of Nitric Acid Decomposition

The rate coefficient for the reaction $$HN{O_3} + M \to OH + N{O_2} + M$$ ([1]) has been determined in mixtures of nitric acid (HNO3) and argon in incident shock wave experiments. Quantitative OH time-histories were obtained by cw narrow-linewidth uv laser absorption of the R 1 (5) line of the $${A^2}{\Sigma ^ + } \leftarrow {X^2}{\Pi _i}(0,0)$$ transition at 32606.56 cm-1 (vacuum). The experiments were conducted over the temperature range 990 - 1400 K and the pressure range 0.18 - 0.44 atm. The second-order rate coefficient was determined to be $${k_1} = 1.01 \times {10^{16}}\exp ( - 17280/T[K])[c{m^3}mo{l^{ - 1}}{s^{ - 1}}]$$ ([3]) with overall uncertainties of +19%, -12% at high temperatures and +40%, -38% at low temperatures.
On-Road Pedestrian Tracking Across Multiple Driving Recorders

In this paper, we propose a new framework to track on-road pedestrians across multiple driving recorders. The framework is built upon the results of tracking under a single driving recorder. More specifically, we treat the problem as a multi-label classification task and determine whether a specific pedestrian belongs to one or several cameras’ field of views by considering association likelihood of the tracked pedestrians . The likelihood is calculated based on the pedestrians’ motion cues and appearance features, which are necessarily transformed via brightness transfer functions obtained by some available spatially overlapping views for compensating diversity of the cameras. When a pedestrian is leaving a camera’s field of view, the proposed framework predicts and interpolates its possible moving trajectories, facilitated by open map service which can provide routing information. Experimental results show the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed framework in tracking pedestrians across several recorded driving videos. Moreover, based on the GPS locations, we can also reconstruct a 3-D visualization on a 3-D virtual real-world environment, so as to show the dynamic scenes of the recorded videos.
Boundary Shear Stresses in Curved Trapezoidal Channels

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Sanitary Engineering, 1961.
Primary ovarian cystadenocarcinoma: solitary metastasis to contralateral inguinal lymph node.

Abstract 1.1. A case of left ovarian adenocarcinoma metastasizing to a right inguinal lymph node has been presented. 2.2. It is curious to note that a lone contralateral metastasis was the first evidence calling attention to the primary lesion in the pelvis. 3.3. The probable path of metastasis of a left ovarian adenocarcinoma to a contralateral superficial inguinal lymph node has been presented.
Dataflow Networks are Fibrations

Dataflow networks are a paradigm for concurrent computation in which a collection of concurrently and asynchronously executing processes communicate by sending messages over FIFO message channels. In a previous paper, we showed that dataflow networks could be represented as certain spans in a category of automata, or more abstractly, in a category of domains, and we identified some universal properties of various operations for building networks from components. Not all spans corresponded to dataflow processes, and we raised the question of what might be an appropriate categorical characterization of those spans that are “dataflow-like.” In this paper, we answer this question by obtaining a characterization of the dataflow-like spans as split right fibrations, either in a 2-category of automata or a 2-category of domains. This characterization makes use of the theory of fibrations in a 2-category developed by Street. In that theory, the split right fibrations are the algebras of a certain doctrine (or 2-monad) R on a category of spans. For the 2-categories we consider, R has a simple interpretation as an “input buffering” construction.
Home range geometry of the desert scorpion Paruroctonus mesaensis

The home range of the desert scorpion Paruroctonus mesaensis is analyzed using techniques of Ford & Krumme (1979). Possible factors influencing home range geomtry of P. mesaensis include prey distribution, prey abundance and renewal, energy requirements, risk of predation and body size. There are differences in home range size among the three year classes with the youngest year class maintaining a significantly smaller home range. Home ranges of each year class are approximately circular indicating that these scorpions are remarkably symmetric in the directional use of space around their burrow. The majority of surface activity occurs within 1.0 m from the burrow for all ages. These patterns along with equal probabilities of prey capture at all distances from the burrow suggest that scorpions do not deplete prey within their home ranges.
The cost of bank liquidity

Many banks are under regulatory pressure from Basel III to improve liquidity by investing in more short-term, low-risk securities and to fund assets by more long-term, stable sources of debt. The relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates is known as the term structure of interest rates long evaluated by financial economists. This article empirically demonstrates the importance of a liquidity premium and a credit risk premium within the term structure and notes the financial consequence of these incremental costs on banks trying to enhance their liquidity coverage ratio or their net stable funding ratio. Liquidity has a cost that will reduce bank profits via a lower net interest spread. If bank liquidity is sufficient to withstand subsequent periods of market stress, the regulatory plan will reduce public expenditures often associated with bank failure.
Critical current angle-dependent measurements of thin (15nm) chemically-derived YBa2Cu3O7−d films in fields to 5.5 T

Abstract Critical current measurements were made using films of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−d prepared by a metalorganic process. The film thickness was purposely reduced to about 15 nm so that measurements of the critical current could be made at temperatures of 4.2 K with reasonable width. Magnetic fields to 5.53 T were applied parallel to the film plane and as a function of angle from that plane. The current and applied field were always orthogonal. Comparison with measurements at 77 K show that at low fields, 0.5 T, the peak in critical near H//a,b is broadened at the lower temperature. Increasing fields tend to sharpen the peak more rapidly at 4 K. Measurements with H//c show a decrease by a factor of 4 at 5.5 T and did not change during a second thermal cycle between room temperature and 4.2 K. The power law exponents were determined from the I–V data ranging from 1–150μV.
Preliminary Program Evaluation of Emergency Department HIV Prevention Counseling

Objective Controversy surrounds the linkage of prevention counseling with emergency department (ED)–based HIV testing. Further, the effectiveness and feasibility of prevention counseling in the ED setting is unknown. We investigate these issues by conducting a preliminarily exploration of several related aspects of our ED's HIV prevention counseling and testing program. Methods Our urban, academic ED provides formal client-centered prevention counseling in conjunction with HIV testing. Five descriptive, exploratory observations were conducted, involving surveys and analysis of electronic medical records and programmatic data focused on (1) patient perception and feasibility of prevention counseling in the ED, (2) patient perceptions of the need to link prevention counseling with testing, and (3) potential effectiveness of providing prevention counseling in conjunction with ED-based HIV testing. Results Of 110 ED patients surveyed after prevention counseling and testing, 98% believed privacy was adequate, and 97% reported that their questions were answered. Patients stated that counseling would lead to improved health (80%), behavioral changes (72%), follow-up testing (77%), and discussion with partners (74%). However, 89% would accept testing without counseling, 32% were willing to seek counseling elsewhere, and 26% preferred not to receive the counseling. Correct responses to a 16-question knowledge quiz increased by 1.6 after counseling (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 12.0). The program completed counseling for 97% of patients tested; however, 6% of patients had difficulty recalling the encounter and 13% denied received testing. Among patients undergoing repeated testing, there was no consistent change in self-reported risk behaviors. Conclusion Participants in the ED prevention counseling and testing program considered counseling acceptable and useful, though not required. Given adequate resources, prevention counseling can be provided in the ED, but it is unlikely that all patients benefit.
Designer nanoparticles: Incorporating size, shape and triggered release into nanoscale drug carriers

Importance of the field: Although significant progress has been made in delivering therapeutic agents through micro and nanocarriers, precise control over in vivo biodistribution and disease-responsive drug release has been difficult to achieve. This is critical for the success of next generation drug delivery devices, as newer drugs, designed to interfere with cellular functions, must be efficiently and specifically delivered to diseased cells. The chief constraint in achieving this has been our limited repertoire of particle synthesis methods, especially at the nanoscale. Recent developments in generating shape-specific nanocarriers and the potential to combine stimuli-responsive release with nanoscale delivery devices show great promise in overcoming these limitations.Areas covered in this review: How recent advances in fabrication technology allow synthesis of highly monodisperse, stimuli-responsive, drug-carrying nanoparticles of precise geometries is discussed. How particle properties, specifically ...
Development of a lorentz-force actuated intravitreal jet injector

Intravitreal injection is a common treatment in ophthalmology, but it can lead to numerous complications. Needle-free jet injection has been shown to successfully deliver fluid to various layers of skin, and, by its nature, may reduce intravitreal injection complications. From injection trials into ex vivo rabbit eyes, we find that needle-free jet injection can be used for intravitreal drug delivery. A custom-designed control scheme, characterized in this study, is crucial to this delivery. The system is capable of delivering 40 µL of fluid to the posterior vitreous humor, with an injection duration less than 100 ms and scleral entry site less than 350µm in diameter.
Differential roles of NMDA and non-NMDA receptor activation in induction and maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia in rats with painful peripheral mononeuropathy

Abstract Central activation of excitatory amino acid receptors has been implicated in neuropathic pain following nerve injury. In a rat model of painful peripheral mononeuropathy, we compared the effects of non-competitive NMDA reeptor antagonists (MK 801 and HA966) and a non-NMDA receptor antagonist (CNQX) on induction and maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia induced by chronic constrictive injury (CCI) of the rat common sciatic nerve. Thermal hyperalgesia to radiant heat was assessed by using a foot-withdrawal test and NMDA/non-NMDA receptor antagonists were administered intrathecally onto the lumbar spinal cord before and after nerve injury. Four daily single treatments with 20 nmol HA966 or CNQX beginning 15 min prior to nerve ligation (pre-injury treatment), reliably reduced thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats on days 3, 5, 7 and 10 after nerve ligation. Thermal hyperalgesia was also reduced in CCI rats receiving a single post-injury treatment with HA966 (20 or 80 nmol) or MK 801 (5 or 20 nmol) on day 3 after nerve ligation when thermal hyperalgesia was well developed. In contrast, a single post-injury CNQX (20 or 80 nmol) treatment failed to reduce thermal hyperalgesia or to potentiate effects of HA966 or MK 801 (5 or 20 nmol) on thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats. Moreover, multiple post-injury CNQX treatments utilizing the same dose regime as employed for the pre-injury treatment attenuated thermal hyperalgesia but only when the treatment began 1 or 24 h (but not 72 h) after nerve ligation. The results suggest that NMDA and non-NMDA receptor activation may have differential roles in induction and maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia following constrictive nerve injury, and that mechanisms underlying post-injury neuropathic pain may be associated with excitatory amino acid mediated central abnormalities.
The Effect of the Anterior Pituitary Hormones on the Growth of Mouse Sarcoma

It has been suggested by H. Zondek, B. Zondek, and Hartoch (1) that the so-called ovarian follicle ripening component of the anterior pituitary hormone (Prolan A) may act to hinder tissue growth in general, and particularly the growth of tumors. To test this hypothesis, these authors carried out a series of experiments in which anterior pituitary hormone containing a mixture of both the follicle ripening component (Prolan A) and the luteinizing component (Prolan B) was administered to mice inoculated with transplantable carcinoma. The tumor used was the Frankfurt strain of Ehrlich mouse carcinoma, which had never regressed spontaneously in 1019 inoculations. The plan used by the authors was to give their mice frequent and exceedingly large doses of the hormone. The injections were begun on the day following inoculation with the tumor and were continued for twenty-two days. The tail vein was used for all but the last 4 to 6 injections, which were given subcutaneously. From 0.1 to 0.2 c.c. of the solution of the hormone was injected daily. Each cubic centimeter contained from 500 to 1000 rat units. The maximum daily dose was therefore 200 rat units. On the 23d day the animals were killed and the tumor removed. The results can be summarized as follows:
Inkjet-printed graphene-based wireless gas sensor modules

In this paper we demonstrate the use of graphene as the basis for design and development of low-cost, self-powered, battery-less, wireless sensor solutions utilizing thin films produced from environmentally friendly, water-based, inkjet printed graphene oxide (GO) ink. The in-house developed novel sensor material demonstrates good response to ammonia gas (NH 3 ), yielding a 6% normalized resistance change within 15 minutes of exposure to a concentration of 500 ppm. In addition, excellent recovery time is achieved using the RGO thin films, with over 30% of material recovery observed within 5 minutes without exposure to high temperature or any UV treatments. Finally, we present in this work important distinctive characteristics in the behavior of the RGO sensor when exposed to different types of gases, including the hard-to-detect CO gas, that can be exploited in order to further enhance the applicability of the material. The introduction of mass producible, stable, environmentally friendly, inkjet-printable GO on organic paper/kapton substrates lays the foundation for the development of a wide range of new low-cost, high performance graphene-based devices, such as inkjet-printed diodes, capacitors and transistors.
Endothelial cells are not all alike

In this issue of Blood , Stefanescu et al discover the characteristics that distinguish sensitive versus nonsensitive endothelial cells to injury by TTP plasma. An important factor in the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is injury to microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs
Validation of the Biglan model

The empirical validity of the Biglan model of academic disciplines is supported by the results of this study. Examples are provided to illustrate how the systematic use of this model could enhance the quality of research on university faculty members and the academic administration of institutions of higher learning.
Fast multiuser detector for a time-varying CDMA system

This paper investigates methods to reduce the amount of computation needed to detect information bits using a linear detector for a CDMA system. We show windowing technique coupled with pipelining can reduce the amount of computation without significantly sacrificing the performance of linear feedback detector. We also describe efficient techniques to adapt to a dynamic system where the system parameters vary due to the change in delays associated with individual users.
Patient-controlled analgesia using ropivacaine via an intrathecal catheter

Background and Objectives A 38-year-old woman presented with severe intractable pain in the sacral and perirectal areas secondary to metastatic stage I.B. squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Methods An indwelling epidural catheter was placed to control the patient9s symptoms after failure of conservative therapies. Finally, an infusion containing isobaric 0.2% ropivacaine with 0.002% preservative-free morphine and 0.0002% epinephrine was started to treat her pain and preserve motor function to preserve qulaity of life. Results The patient obtained good pain relief with this regimen and was discharged home. She was able to walk with assistance and maintain good quality of life until her death approximately 7 weeks after the placement of the indwelling epidural catheter. Conclusion The use of ropivacaine in combination with other analgesics, via an intrathecal catheter for patient-controlled analgesia, was an effective treatment for this patient. In the future, ropivacaine administered epidurally or intrathecally alone, or in combination with other analgesics, may become the local anesthetic of choice due to its preservation of motor function. Certainly, further scientific studies are indicated in the cancer patient population.
Cell-free Expression and Functional Reconstitution of Homo-oligomeric α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors into Planar Lipid Bilayers

The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel that modulates neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system. We show here that functional, homo-oligomeric alpha7 nAChRs can be synthesized in vitro with a rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system supplemented with endoplasmic reticulum microsomes, reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers, and evaluated using single-channel recording techniques. Because wild-type alpha7 nAChRs desensitize rapidly, we used a nondesensitizing form of the alpha7 receptor with mutations in the second transmembrane domain (S2'T and L9'T) to record channel activity in the continuous presence of agonist. Endoglycosidase H treatment of microsomes containing nascent alpha7 S2'T/L9'T nAChRs indicated that the receptors were glycosylated. A proteinase K protection assay revealed a 36-kDa fragment in the ER lumen, consistent with a large extracellular domain predicted by most topological models, indicating that the protein was folded integrally through the ER membrane. alpha7 S2'T/L9'T receptors reconstituted into planar lipid bilayers had a unitary conductance of approximately 50 pS, were highly selective for monovalent cations over Cl(-), were nonselective between K(+) and Na(+), and were blocked by alpha-bungarotoxin. This is the first demonstration that a functional ligand-gated ion channel can be synthesized using an in vitro expression system.
On our best behavior: optimality models in human behavioral ecology.

Abstract This paper discusses problems associated with the use of optimality models in human behavioral ecology. Optimality models are used in both human and non-human animal behavioral ecology to test hypotheses about the conditions generating and maintaining behavioral strategies in populations via natural selection. The way optimality models are currently used in behavioral ecology faces significant problems, which are exacerbated by employing the so-called ‘phenotypic gambit’: that is, the bet that the psychological and inheritance mechanisms responsible for behavioral strategies will be straightforward. I argue that each of several different possible ways we might interpret how optimality models are being used for humans face similar and additional problems. I suggest some ways in which human behavioral ecologists might adjust how they employ optimality models; in particular, I urge the abandonment of the phenotypic gambit in the human case.
Macroscopic parameters and ecological systems

Abstract This paper applies the methods of statistical mechanics to derive analogues of thermodynamic concepts in an ecological context. This analysis is based on a model of an ecosystem in which interactions between species are described in terms of energy flow. A variational-principle argument is used to derive an expression for the diversity of the ecosystem, and relations between this measure and classical measures of diversity are discussed.
Information retrieval using robust natural language processing

We developed a fully automated Information Retrieval System which uses advanced natural language processing techniques to enhance the effectiveness of traditional key-word based document retrieval. In early experiments with the standard CACM-3204 collection of abstracts, the augmented system has displayed capabilities that made it clearly superior to the purely statistical base system.
The effect of medical conditions on the functional limitations of Mexican-American elderly.

Abstract We examined the relationship of self-reported functional status to common medical conditions using a probability sample of 3050 noninstitutionalized Mexican-American men and women aged 65 or older and residing in the Southwestern United States (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas). All subjects were interviewed in person (n = 2,873) or by proxy (n = 177) in their homes during late 1993 and early 1994. The questionnaire obtained information on self-reported functional status and prevalence of arthritis, cancer, diabetes, stroke, heart attack, and hip fracture. The prevalence of medical conditions ranged from 4.1% for hip fracture to 40.8% for arthritis. Prevalence of impairments in seven activities of daily living ranged from 5.4% for eating to 11.7% for bathing, while 25.1% could not walk up and down stairs, and 28.9% could not walk a half mile without help. In multiple logistic regression analyses, previous diagnoses of stroke and hip fracture were most predictive of functional limitations, though all conditions examined (arthritis, cancer, diabetes, stroke, heart attack, and hip fracture) were independently associated with increased odds of impairment in some activities of daily living. In general, the odds for functional impairment associated with specific medical conditions were higher than those previously published for non-Hispanic white populations. The fact that Mexican-American elderly who live in the community and who have medical conditions, especially stroke and hip fracture, are at high risk for functional impairment probably reflects the low rate of institutionatization in this population and has implications for the provision of community-based long-term care services for Mexican-American elderly.
DEMOGRAPHY AND DISPERSAL: CALCULATION AND SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF INVASION SPEED FOR STRUCTURED POPULATIONS

A fundamental characteristic of any biological invasion is the speed at which the geographic range of the population expands. This invasion speed is determined by both population growth and dispersal. We construct a discrete-time model for biological invasions that couples matrix population models (for population growth) with integrodifference equa- tions (for dispersal). This model captures the important facts that individuals differ both in their vital rates and in their dispersal abilities, and that these differences are often determined by age, size, or developmental stage. For an important class of these equations, we demonstrate how to calculate the population's asymptotic invasion speed. We also derive formulas for the sensitivity and elasticity of the invasion speed to changes in demographic and dispersal parameters. These results are directly comparable to the familiar sensitivity and elasticity of population growth rate. We present illustrative examples, using published data on two plants: teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris) and Calathea ovandensis. Sensitivity and elasticity of invasion speed is highly correlated with the sensitivity and elasticity of pop- ulation growth rate in both populations. We also find that, when dispersal contains both long- and short-distance components, it is the long-distance component that governs the invasion speed-even when long-distance dispersal is rare.
Ask and Ye shall be Answered: expectations and perceptions of an MBA programme

Abstract Asking students at the beginning of a course about their expectations of what that course should be like if it were to be a quality course is fraught with difficulty. As yet, the students have not undertaken the course and tend to express expectations which are derived from previous experience of other courses, over which the people responsible for the course concerned have no control. Issues relating to student expectations of quality are therefore problematic. Asking a question concerning the rating of excellence which the students would give an item creates, in the very asking of the question, an expectation that such an item will not only exist on the course, but that it will be of a demonstrable quality and is necessary for the course to be a quality one. The questionnaire then becomes a self‐fulfilling prophecy of the quality requirements of the course. The paper discusses the problems that arise in using questionnaires to explore student expectations.
Ipsilateral Reorganization of Language in Early-Onset Left Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Abstract Purpose. Decline in confrontation naming ability occurs in a subset of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients following left (dominant) anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). Patients with late age of onset of seizures are most vulnerable to such decline. In addition, object names typically acquired later in language development are the words most likely to be inaccessible after ATL. Early-onset left TLE patients may be at lower risk for post-ATL dysnomia either because they have a limited preoperative lexicon that does not include most late-age-of-acquistion names or they undergo early ipsilateral language reorganization, which results in a lexicon similar to that of late-onset TLE patients but offers protection from post-ATL naming decline. Methods. Sixty-five left hemisphere speech dominant left TLE patients who had undergone ATL were assessed pre- and postoperatively on the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Results. The early- and late-onset groups performed similarly across three BNT age-of-acquisition categories at the preoperative assessment. Words acquired relatively later in life were most likely to become inaccessible postoperatively for both groups, but the early-onset patients showed significantly less overall postoperative decline in naming ability compared with the late-onset group. Conclusions. The more stable pre- to postoperative naming performance exhibited by early-onset patients cannot be attributed to lack of acquisition of the words shown to be most vulnerable to postoperative decline (i.e., late-age-of-acquisition words). Their object naming stability suggests that early-onset left TLE patients undergo intrahemispheric reorganization of language early in life that provides protective benefits.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN TWENTY-YEAR-OLD IDENTICAL TWINS.

Abstract Myocardial infarctions in 20 year old identical twins are reported. Coronary angiography located the occlusion site in one of the twins. The history raises the strong possibility that both infarctions may have occurred within a period of weeks.
Increased pupillary sensitivity to pilocarpine in depression

1. The present study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that muscarinic receptor sensitivity is increased in depression. 2. Pupillary responses to increasing concentrations of pilocarpine (O.08%-O.23%) given in a 2 ml solution were compared between ten male patients with major depression and a matched group of normal controls. 3. Individual differences in pupil size due to anatomic variability or adrenergic tone were evaluated under conditions of maximum pupil dilation following cholinergic blockade (tropicamide, 0.5 percent). 4. In contrast to controls, depressed patients exhibited significantly greater reductions in pupillary diameter following pilocarpine in doses between 0.095%-0.185%. This was true regardless of whether or not the results were adjusted for differences in dilated pupil size. 5. These results are consistent with the idea that muscarinic sensitivity is increased in depression and indicate that depressed patients may be discriminated from controls on the basis of pupillary sensitivity to pilocarpine.
Thermal diffusion effects in mass transfer

Abstract Recent interest in the influence of thermodynamic coupling on mixture boundary layers has prompted the presentation of exact solutions with and without such coupling. Results are presented for stagnation point injection of helium and Freon-13 into an airstream layer. Significant heat transfer rate and recovery temperature effects are discussed in terms of the sign of the thermal diffusion ratio which formed the basis for the injectant choices.
Precision measurement ofK-shell fluorescence yields in actinide elements

High-precision measurements ofK Auger electron andK x-ray intensities have been made for several transuranium elements and these have been used to determineK-shell fluorescence yields (ω K ). The electron spectra were measured with a cooled Si(Li) spectrometer and the photon spectra were taken with Ge(Li) diodes. Very thin mass-separated samples of nuclides, which decay predominantly by electron capture, were used in the present experiments. From our present measurements the following values ofK- shell fluorescence yield have been obtained: Np, 97.2±0.3%; Pu, 97.2±0.4%; Cm, 97.1 ±0.6%; Bk, 97.1±0.4%; Cf, 97.3±0.4%; and Es, 97.2±0.5%. These numbers indicate that theK-fluorescence yield for elements in theZ=93 toZ=99 region remains constant within the experimental error. The weighted average of these numbers is 97.19% with external error of 0.03% and internal error of 0.17%. This value is in excellent agreement with known theoretical calculations.
Triplet photochemistry within zeolites through heavy atom effect, sensitization and light atom effect

Abstract Methods to generate triplets of organic molecules within zeolites have been established by employing the Zimmerman rearrangement of barrelenes, oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement of β,γ-unsaturated ketones and photodimerization of acenaphthylene as probe reactions. The two methods, heavy cation effect and triplet sensitization, are well established solution techniques and these work well within zeolites. The Zimmerman rearrangement of dibenzobarrelene is enhanced even within Li+ and Na+ exchanged zeolites and these are believed to be the result of slowing of the rearrangement to dibenzocyclooctatetraene from S1 through cation-π interaction. The methods described here provide an opportunity to explore the control afforded by the zeolite environment on triplet reactions.
Structural alterations in fish epidermal mucus produced by water-borne lead and mercury.

THE epidermal mucus of fish regulates swimming speed by controlling the hydrodynamic resistance of the skin surface1,2. The mucus is also presumed to serve as a defence against pathogenic organisms and is intimately associated with osmoregulation3,4. Because water-borne lead and mercury accumulate in the epidermal mucus of fish5,6, it is important to ascertain whether this phenomenon produces deleterious alterations in the mucus. No detailed information is, however, available to evaluate whether such alterations occur on exposure of fish to lead and mercury or whether a capability exists to depurate these metals.
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study of Photosystem I−Detergent Complexes: Implications for Membrane Protein Crystallization

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to investigate the structure of isolated photosystem I (PSI) complexes stabilized in detergent solution. Two different types of PSI preparation were investigated. In the first preparation, thylakoid membranes were solubilized with Triton X100 and purified by density gradient centrifugation. SAXS data indicated large scattering objects or microphases that can be described as sheets with ∼68 A thickness and a virtually infinite lateral extension. The observed thickness agreed well with the dimension of a PSI molecule across the thylakoid membrane. In the second preparation, PSI was isolated as before but was further purified by anion exchange chromatography resulting in functional complexes consisting of single PSI units with attached surfactant as evidenced by the particle volume and gyration radius extracted from the SAXS data. Several approaches were used to model the solution conformation of the complex. Three different ellipsoidal modeling approaches, a unif...
Procedure-related fetal losses in transplacental versus nontransplacental genetic amniocentesis

Abstract OBJECTIVE: We hypothesize that loss rates after amniocentesis do not differ in transplacentaland nontransplacental taps performed by experienced operators. STUDY DESIGN: Subjects were 1000 women undergoing second-trimester amniocentesis: 745 were referred for maternal age; 132 for positive maternal serum α-fetoprotein screens, 41 indicating a risk for fetal neural tube defect, 91 indicating a risk for fetal chromosome abnormality; and 123 were referred for other reasons. All procedures were videotaped. The placenta was anterior in 518 cases; in 306 of these the needle went through the placenta. All pregnancies were prospectively evaluated through delivery. RESULTS: There were 13 losses among the 1000 procedures (1.3%). The transplacental losses occurred from 4 to 71 days after procedure, median 26.5 days; the nontransplacental losses from 12 days after procedure to term, median 25 days. The loss rate was essentially similar in the two categories: six transplacental (1.96%) and seven nontransplacental 91%) (relative risk 1.52 [95% confidence limits 0.84 to 2.75], p = 0.23). If the three patients with elevated maternal serum α-fetoprotein values were excluded from data analysis, the loss rates in the two groups were virtually identical (relative risk 0.98 [95% confidence limits 0.38 to 2.54], p = 1.0000). CONCLUSION: Transplacental amniocentesis does not appear to increase the fetal loss rate in the hands of experienced surgeons. Moreover, in view of the time span between amniocentesis and loss in both groups, a procedural cause seems questionable.
Back in the USA: the “Cybrarian” comes home

After examining recent developments in library architecture in major European and US institutions, the author examines the creation of a “cybrary” on a new university central campus in San Diego, California, USA. He argues that smaller universities that are under tight budget and resource constraints need to prioritize their services, so that they can best determine where technology will have the optimum effect. To decide their priorities, planners need to examine what kind of facility they have and what kind of clientele they wish to serve. National University in San Diego has only recently developed a centralized campus structure; for 30 years it has had a unique program of catering to students at remote locations. The planners decided that the technology needed to enhance their off‐site delivery system, while also providing adequate on‐campus resources. The National University experience demonstrates that the cybrary model is not restricted to large academic or national libraries with large budgets and staffing resources. Establishing priorities enables planners of small library systems to stay on the cutting edge of technological integration.
A Comparison Study of Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Southern California Asian American Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients by Smoking Status

Background We previously reported that Asian ethnicity is a favorable prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients independent of smoking status. However, Asian ethnicity represents a diverse and heterogeneous population. In this report, we compared the clinicopathologic characteristics of Asian American NSCLC patient subgroups by smoking status. Methods Clinicopathologic characteristics of the five major Asian American NSCLC patient subgroups diagnosed between 1991 and 2005 from three Southern California counties were analyzed. Prognostic factors for OS were evaluated by Cox multivariate analysis. Results One thousand one hundred twenty-four NSCLC patients were analyzed: Filipino American (37.0%), Vietnamese American (32.8%), Japanese American (11.8%), Chinese American (11.7%), and Korean American (6.7%). A total of 25.7% of these patients were never smokers. With the exception of Japanese American, most of Asian American were native born. Median age of never smokers was marginally younger than ever smokers (66 years versus 68 years, respectively, p = 0.0507). The proportion of never smokers who were women was 72.7% and ranged from the lowest among Korean American women (66.7%) to the highest among Japanese American women (84.2%). Among female patients, Vietnamese American patients had the highest proportion of being never smokers (65.5%). Significantly more never smokers (60.9%) than ever smokers (47.9%) presented with stage 4 disease. There was no statistical significant difference in OS between never smokers and ever smokers (11 versus 10 months; p = 0.3040). Tumor-related factors (stage and histologic differentiation) and treatment (surgery and chemotherapy) were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions We found no statistical significant difference in clinicopathologic features or survival outcome between individual Asian American subgroup when analyzed according to smoking status.
Theranostic Graphene Oxide for Prostate Cancer Detection and Treatment

Although prostate cancer has been known for thousands of years, it is a major public health issue for men even in the 21st century. As the understanding of cancer biology and the signaling pathways advances, it is now well understood that the detection of prostate cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is an invaluable tool for monitoring the progression and finding possible therapies. Driven by this need, in this article, the development of magnetic-nanoparticle-attached theranostic graphene oxide (GO) is reported for targeted capture of prostate CTCs, accurate diagnosis, and combined therapeutic action of prostate cancer. Reported results show that anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody and A9-aptamer-attached flower-shaped magnetic nanoparticle-bound 2D graphene can be used for selective capture and label-free multicolor luminescence imaging of LNCaP prostate cancer cell from infected blood. Experimental data demonstrate that indocyanine green (ICG)-bound A9-aptamer-attached theranostic GO is capable of external near IR 785 nm light-driven combined synergistic photothermal and photodynamic treatment of prostate cancer. Possible mechanisms for targeted capture, accurate analysis, and combined therapeutic actions have been discussed. Experimental results show that the theranostic GO can have enormous potential for real-life applications, once optimized properly in clinical settings.
Comparative mechanical and thermal study of chemically treated and untreated single sugarcane fiber bundle

Abstract Natural fiber as a reinforcing constituent can play a dominant role in the field of fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) due to its availability, eco-friendliness, renewability, CO2-neutrality, flexibility, low density, and low cost. Sugarcane fiber can be a potential candidate to replace the synthetic FRPC. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of chemical treatment on the tensile, thermal, and morphological properties of single sugarcane fiber bundles. Locally grown sugarcane was cut into specific lengths from the internode section and the single fiber bundles were extracted from the rind region. These fiber bundles were then dried in an oven to remove the moisture. Surface modification of fiber bundles was accomplished by performing alkali treatment and neutralized by acetic acid solution. The fiber bundles were then rinsed with water and dried at 80 °C for about 24 h in an oven. Optical Microscopy (OM) was employed to measure the diameter of the single fiber bundle which ranged from 0.260 mm (untreated) to 0.155 mm (treated). Tensile tests were carried out on single fiber bundles according to the ASTM standard. Correction factors were also applied for machine displacement and slippage of the fiber bundle. Data from tensile tests showed that maximum improvement in the tensile strength and modulus for the treated fiber bundles were observed to be 106.83% and 20.46%, respectively, compared to those of untreated ones. Strain to maximum strength was enhanced by 25.92% in the treated fiber bundles compared to that of the untreated one. Untreated fiber bundles were observed in Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) studies to start decomposing at around 200 °C compared to about 250 °C for treated ones. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) provided the amount of moisture content present in treated and untreated fiber bundles which matched with the TGA results. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed structural modification after treatment. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the fracture morphology of failed samples. Fracture morphology of the treated fiber bundles revealed cleaner and rougher fracture surfaces compared to those of untreated ones.
The effects of inactivity, programmed stimulation, and denervation on the histochemistry of skeletal muscle fiber types.

Abstract The role of nerve impulse pattern in determining the histochemical characteristics of muscle fibers was investigated in cats. Motor neuron activity was eliminated by transecting the spinal cord between segments S2 and S3 and cutting all dorsal rootlets caudal to this level. In some of these cats, caudal nerves to the tail muscles were stimulated supramaximally for 1 mo in patterns approximating the output of either phasic or tonic motor neurons. Intertransverse muscles of the tail were examined histochemically for activities of a mitochondrial oxidative enzyme, a glycolytic enzyme, and myofibrillar ATPase. Three fiber types, red, white, and intermediate, were defined in control muscles on the basis of histochemical staining intensities and myofibril size and shape. Red fibers have high oxidative, low glycolytic, and low ATPase activities and wide, polygonal fibrils. White fibers are at the opposite extreme in all of these features and have more narrow, rectangular fibrils. Intermediate fibers are intermediate in all of these features except that their ATPase activity is high like that of the white fibers, but is more sensitive to high pH and formaldehyde. Specific arrangement of these fiber types within muscle fasciculi facilitated their identification in experimental muscles. The red fibers tend to be in the deeper parts of fasciculi; white fibers tend to be at the periphery; and intermediate fibers are found in both locations. In the nonstimulated muscles, prolonged disuse brought about a progressive decrease of oxidative and glycolytic enzymatic activities. Tonic stimulation increased oxidative activity and decreased glycolytic activity. Phasic stimulation resulted in high glycolytic activity, while oxidative activity was decreased. Following prolonged disuse and both programs of stimulation, myofibrillar ATPase activity remained unchanged in white and red fibers but decreased some-what in varying numbers of intermediate fibers. There was preferential atrophy of white fibers in the disused muscles but they achieved nearly control size following tonic or phasic stimulation. Thus, the patterns of impulse activation exert a major influence on the oxidative and glycolytic metabolic properties of muscle fibers and fiber cross-sectional area. However, since myofibrillar ATPase activity remained relatively unaltered, this characteristic may be controlled by some mechanism other than impulse transmission.
Saccharin derivatives. IV. Synthesis of 2-(diethylcarbamoyl)- and 2-(diethylthiocarbamoyl) saccharin, and related compounds.

Because acylurea and carbamate groups are associated with various pharmacological activities, a number of saccharin and 6-nitrosaccharin derivatives containing these groups were synthesized for pharmacological screening. The compounds prepared were: 2-(diethylcarbamoyl)saccharin; 2-(diethylcarbamoyl)-6-nitrosaccharin; 2-(diethylthiocarbamoyl)saccharin; and 2-carbethoxysaccharin. Also isolated from the reaction of the N,N-dialkylcarbamoyl chlorides and sodium saccharin (or sodium 6-nitrosaccharin) were compounds whose analyses corresponded to the following structures: 3-(diethylamino)-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide; 3-(diethylamino)-6-nitro-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide; and 3-(dimethylamino)-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide. Preliminary pharmacological testing has indicated that 2-(diethylcarbamoyl)saccharin; 2-carbethoxysaccharin; and 3-(diethylamino)-1,2-benzisothiazole-1,1-dioxide possess a low degree of sedative and central nervous system depressant activity, and have no significant anticonvulsant, antitumor, or diuretic activity.
Exocytosis of intact lysosomes from skeletal muscle after chloroquine treatment.

Abstract Following short-term chloroquine treatment (25 mg/kg daily for 7 days), intact myeloid bodies were extruded from the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle of the chicken. These myeloid bodies demonstrated acid phosphatase activity both within the cell and after extrusion into the extracellular space. Tannic acid staining confirmed that the plasma membrane remained intact and the “extracellular lysosomes” observed had not resulted from fixation damage. Lysosome extrusion following overloading in skeletal muscle and the fate of the lysosomal contents after extrusion are discussed.
Environmental Damage, Abandoned Treaties, and Fossil-Fuel Dependence: The Coming Costs of Oil-and-Gas Exploration in the “1002 Area” of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Contrary to claims from American politicians, lobbyists, and oil and gas executives, allowing energy development in the Alaskan Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) will harm the environment, compromise international law, erode the social significance of wilderness protection, and ultimately fail to␣increase the energy security of the United States. After exploring a brief history of the ANWR controversy, this piece argues that the operation of oil and gas refineries in ANWR will release discharged solids, drilling waste, and dirty diesel fuel into the ecosystem’s food-chain, as they have from oil operations in Prudhoe Bay. Less obvious but equally important, oil and gas exploration in ANWR will violate a number of international treaties on biodiversity protection. In the end, development in ANWR will threaten the concept of wilderness protection, and will do little to end US dependence on foreign sources of energy.
Intramural Flag-Football Injuries on Tartan Turf and Natural Grass

The incidence of Flag-Football injuries on synthetic turf and natural grass served as the focal point for this investigation. Intramural Football was selected for study because it represents a "non-con tact" sport that attracts one-half million college-age participants annually. As ex pected, the rate of serious injuries was much lower than those reported for Tackle Football. The synthetic surface, however, was associated with a signifi cantly greater proportion of minor inju ries. It was concluded that protection of the knee and elbow would eliminate nearly one-half of all Flag-Football in juries since abrasions to these areas of the body accounted for a large portion of total injuries.
Racism and resource colonization

The attacks on our sovereignty and treaties are really attacks on our way of life, our way of viewing things. The environment is critical to our being. The same attacks to separate us from our resources and land are being used in Brazil, Alaska, and elsewhere. It's really racism, with many different names and faces