cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HLA Antigens of Platelets. IV. Influence of “Private” HLA-B Locus Specificities on the Expression of Bw4 and Bw6 on Human Platelets

Quantities of the HLA--B antigens B5, B7, B8, B13, B27, and Bw44 were determined on platelets of subjects heterozygous for those markers using an assay based on inhibition of antibody-mediated 51Cr release from lymphocytes. In confirmation of previous studies, Bw44 was found to vary about 35-fold and B8 about 8-fold. In contrast, B5, B7, B27, and B13 varied only 2--3-fold. Expression of each of the six antigens was proportional to that of its associated broad specificity, Bw4 or Bw6. The antigens Bw4 and Bw6, when measured directly on platelets of 62 normal heterozygous subjects, were found to vary 32-fold and 20-fold, respectively. Bw4 was strongly expressed on platelets carrying B5 or B27 (P less than 0.001), was weakly expressed in the presence of B13 (P less than 0.001) and was variable, possibly bimodal, in the presence of Bw44. Bw6 was strongly expressed on platelets carrying B7, Bw15.1, or Bw35 (P less than 0.01) but was weak on platelets carrying B8 or B14 (P less than 0.01). Little or no variation in Bw4 or Bw6 was observed on lymphocytes of the same donor population. These findings are consistent with the possibility that private HLA--B locus specificities influence the expression of part or all the HLA--B molecule on the platelet surface through an undetermined mechanism. The atypical behavior of Bw44/Bw4 on platelets suggests the possibility that Bw44 consists of two subspecificities not yet detectable with available serologic reagents. Variability of HLA markers in tissues other than platelets could have important immunobiologic implications which seem deserving of further investigation.
“Frock Consciousness”: Virginia Woolf, the Open Secret, and the Language of Fashion

(1999). “Frock Consciousness”: Virginia Woolf, the Open Secret, and the Language of Fashion. Fashion Theory: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 149-174.
The Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism, Hippocampal Volume, and Cognitive Function in Geriatric Depression

Objective The Val66Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is associated with geriatric depression. In studies of younger adults without depression, met allele carriers exhibit smaller hippocampal volumes and have poorer performance on neuropsychological tests. The authors examined the relationship between the BDNF gene and hippocampal volumes in depressed and nondepressed older individuals and its relationship with memory functions mediated by the hippocampus. Design One hundred seventy-six elderly depressed white participants and 88 nondepressed participants completed clinical assessments, neuropsychological testing, and provided blood samples for genotyping. One hundred seventy-three participants also underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging. Statistical modeling tested the relationship between genotype and hippocampal volume and function while controlling for diagnosis and other covariates. Results BDNF genotype was not associated with a difference in performance on tests mediated by the hippocampus, including word list learning, prose recall, nonverbal memory, or digit span. After controlling for covariates, BDNF genotype was not significantly associated with hippocampal volume ( F [ 1 , 171 ] = 1.10, p=0.30). Conclusion Despite different findings in younger populations, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is not significantly associated with hippocampal volume or function in a geriatric population. The authors hypothesize that other factors may have a stronger effect on hippocampal structure in older individuals and that the association between the Val66Met polymorphism and geriatric depression is mediated through other mechanisms.
Phylogeographic histories of representative herpetofauna of the southwestern U.S.: mitochondrial DNA variation in the desert iguana (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) and the chuckwalla (Sauromalus obesus)

To determine whether genetic variation in representative reptiles of the southwestern U.S. may have been similarly molded by the geologic history of the lower Colorado River, we examined restriction site polymorphisms in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of desert iguanas (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) and chuckwallas (Saurom&s ohesus). Observed phylogeographic structure in these lizards was compared to that reported for the desert tortoise (Xerobates ugassizi), whose mtDNA phylogeny demonstrates a striking genetic break at the Colorado River. Both the desert iguana and chuckwalla exhibit extensive mtDNA polymorphism, with respective genotypic diversities G = 0.963 and 0.983, close to the maximum possible value of 1.0. Individual mtDNA clones, as well as clonal assemblages defined by specific levels of genetic divergence, showed pronounced geographic localization. Nonetheless, for each species the distributions of certain clones and most major clonal groupings encompass both sides of the Colorado River valley, and hence are clearly incongruent with the phylogeographic pattern of the desert tortoise. Overall, available molecular evidence provides no indication that the intraspecific phylogenies of the southwestern U.S. herpetofauna have been concordantly shaped by a singular vicariant factor of overriding significance.
A CMOS Ku-band single-conversion low-noise block front-end for satellite receivers

This paper presents a Ku-band single-conversion low-noise block (LNB) front-end in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The front-end down-converts the input signal from the Ku-band (10.5 − 13 GHz) to the L-band (0.75 − 2.25 GHz). The in-band noise figure is between 2.8 to 4.2 dB. It achieves a gain of 50 dB with ±2 dB variation. The in-band OIP3 is above 17 dBm and output 1-dB compression point is above 9 dBm. The front-end consumes total of 75 mA from a 1.8 V supply. The die area is 0.8×1.8 mm2.
Enhancement Technologies and the Modern Self

Many people feel uneasy about enhancement technologies, yet have a hard time explaining why. This unease is often less with the technologies themselves than about the desires and aspirations that they express. I suggest here that we can diagnose the source of that unease by looking at three themes that emerge in Taylor's writings about the making of the modern self: the importance of social recognition, the ethics of authenticity, and the rise of instrumental reason.
Molecular Biomarkers of Vascular Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Untreated and long-lasting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may lead to important vascular abnormalities, including endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. We observed a correlation between microcirculatory reactivity and endothelium-dependent release of nitric oxide in OSA patients. Therefore, we hypothesized that OSA affects (micro)vasculature and we aimed to identify vascular gene targets of OSA that could possibly serve as reliable biomarkers of severity of the disease and possibly of vascular risk. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we evaluated gene expression in skin biopsies of OSA patients, mouse aortas from animals exposed to 4-week intermittent hypoxia (IH; rapid oscillations in oxygen desaturation and reoxygenation), and human dermal microvascular (HMVEC) and coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) cultured under IH. We demonstrate a significant upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3; A20), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α?? and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in skin biopsies obtained from OSA patients with severe nocturnal hypoxemia (nadir saturated oxygen levels [SaO2]<75%) compared to mildly hypoxemic OSA patients (SaO2 75%-90%) and a significant upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression compared to control subjects. Gene expression profile in aortas of mice exposed to IH demonstrated a significant upregulation of eNOS and VEGF. In an in vitro model of OSA, IH increased expression of A20 and decreased eNOS and HIF-1α expression in HMVEC, while increased A20, VCAM-1 and HIF-1αexpression in HCAEC, indicating that EC in culture originating from distinct vascular beds respond differently to IH stress. We conclude that gene expression profiles in skin of OSA patients may correlate with disease severity and, if validated by further studies, could possibly predict vascular risk in OSA patients.
Impact of Stroke on Health-Related Quality of Life in the Noninstitutionalized Population in the United States

Background and Purpose— Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability in the United States. This study examined the national impact of stroke on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and disparities in HRQoL across different demographic groups. Methods— Combined 2000 and 2002 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data were used, which include quality-of-life measures based on the short-form generic measures (SF-12) and the EuroQol Group measures (EQ-5D index and EQ VAS) for 39 680 adults aged >18 years. Stratified analysis and ordinary least square regressions were used to compare HRQoL scores between stroke and nonstroke populations. Results— The study included 1040 noninstitutionalized stroke survivors. After adjustment for sociodemographics, risk factors, and comorbidities, stroke survivors had statistically significantly lower mean scores for mental health (−4.1%), physical health (−7.9%), health utility (−6.9%), and self-rated health (−7.2%) (all P<0.01). In general, stroke did not affect differences i...
Environmental Reviews & Case Studies: D-Town Farm: African American Resistance to Food Insecurity and the Transformation of Detroit

This article analyzes community building and political agency through an investigation of the Detroit Black Community Food Security Network (DBCFSN). By using farming as a strategy of resistance ag...
Analysis of Stray Voltage on Broiler Breeder Farms

Abstract With the increased use of mechanical nesting in broiler breeder facilities, awareness of floor and slat egg problems has increased. Many factors influence floor and slat laying, but stray voltage has recently been identified as one possible contributing factor. A growing number of producers with floor egg problems have reported voltage levels ranging from 1 to 18 V between the nests and the ground. After steps are taken to reduce voltage levels, the next flocks placed in the houses generally have greatly reduced floor eggs; however, the tendency of stray voltage levels to vary over time has complicated efforts to gauge the extent of stray voltage problems. In this field study, voltages were monitored over a 3-to-5-d period on 15 farms. Some voltage was found on all of the farms’ grounding systems. Voltages ranged from less than 1 V to 21 V, and levels over 2 V were found on 11 of the farms. Number of floor eggs ranged widely as well, with percentage slat/floor eggs varying from 1 to 30%. There was no correlation between the percentage of floor eggs and the amount of voltage found. Although limited in scope, this study provides evidence that stray voltage exists in many breeder houses and may be a contributing factor to floor and slat egg problems.
STUDIES ON BACTERIAL ENZYMES : I. MENINGOCOCCUS MALTASE.

Meningococci possess an endocellular maltase enzyme. The splitting of maltose by this enzyme has been demonstrated by a biological method based upon the acid fermentation of glucose by bacteria which have little or no action upon maltose.
WINTER SITE FIDELITY OF PRAIRIE WARBLERS IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

Abstract Wintering Prairie Warblers (Dendroica discolor) were studied in pine forest, desert thorn scrub, and desert wash habitats of the Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic from October–April 1996–1998 and January–February 1999. We used mist netting, color banding, and extensive resighting of color-banded birds to quantify habitat-specific demographies, site fidelity, and fitness indices. Males predominated early in the season in pine habitat while females predominated in the desert. Sex ratios were more equal through the drier months of late winter although females continued to be more frequent in the desert. Adult birds predominated throughout all habitats and time periods. Nonterritorial wanderers were far more common in desert habitats than in pine forest, and females predominated among these wanderers. Site persistence was moderately high, but variable between habitats and time periods, and was significantly lower in the drier months in thorn scrub than it was in the desert wash or pine forest. A...
The factor structure of test task characteristics and examinee performance

The present study focuses on the task characteristics of reading passages and key sentences in a test of second language reading. Using a new methodological approach to describe variation in test task characteristics and explore how differences in these characteristics might relate to examinee performance, it posed the two following research questions: First, how do the characteristics of the texts used in a high-stakes test of English for Academic Purposes reading vary? Second, what relationships exist between its text characteristics and examinee performance?An expanded test task characteristics instrument was constructed, following Freedle and Kostin (1993) and Bachman et al. (1996), and adding a large number of syntactic features (Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman, 1999). Ratings and numerical counts were compiled for three forms of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) Reading Comprehension Section. Taking items as the object of measurement, the results were then used in a series of explora...
Sol–Gel Processing of Lead Titanate in 2‐Methoxyethanol: Investigations into the Nature of the Prehydrolyzed Solutions

A previously developed system for the sol–gel processing of lead titanate powders and films has been analyzed by a variety of spectroscopic, chromatographic, and wet-chemical means. The results indicate that refluxing Pb(OAc)2˙3H2O in 2-methoxyethanol is accompanied by the volatilization of 0.5 equiv of organic acetate and results in solutions containing what is believed to be anhydrous basic lead acetate, 3Pb(OAc)2˙PbO. This has been isolated as its monohydrate, which has been fully characterized by elemental (C, H, Pb), infrared, 1H NMR, and XRD analyses. The anhydrous salt generated in situ reacts further with Ti(OR)4 under reflux conditions to liberate more organic acetates. The final stoichiometries (one volatilized acetate per lead) tend to preclude the possibility that significant amounts of polymeric intermediates are generated. Analyses of the organic volatiles also indicate that, at least under our conditions, significant trans-alcoholysis of the precursor Ti(OR)4 (R=Et, i-Pr, n-Pr) occurs (80% to 90% replacement). The conclusions and consequences of these and related observations are presented.
Quantifying the concentration of ferrimagnetic particles in sediments using rock magnetic methods.

[1] We have developed a quantification method that uses mainly room temperature rock magnetic measurements to calculate concentrations of ferrimagnetic particles in sediments. Our method uses saturation magnetization (Ms) as a total ferrimagnetic concentration proxy, the saturation remanence ratio (Mrs/Ms) as a magnetic grain-size proxy, the anhysteretic remanence ratio (χa/Mrs) to estimate inter-particle magnetostatic interactions, and the normalized susceptibility of the ferrimagnetic fraction (χf/Ms) to calculate the proportion of ultrafine, superparamagnetic particles. This approach eliminates the effect of dilution of the magnetic properties by weakly magnetic matter, and allows the calculation of direct concentrations (or fluxes for dated sedimentary profiles) of constituent ferrimagnetic components. We test our method on a short sediment core from an urban Minnesota lake, for which we calculate ferrimagnetic fluxes of four magnetic components, and compare their pre- and post-European settlement values. Our quantification technique can be applied for reconstructing past environmental changes in a range of sedimentary environments, and is particularly useful for large sets of samples, where detailed magnetic unmixing methods are unfeasible due to time or instrument constraints.
Proteomic analysis of blastema formation in regenerating axolotl limbs

Following amputation, urodele salamander limbs reprogram somatic cells to form a blastema that self-organizes into the missing limb parts to restore the structure and function of the limb. To help understand the molecular basis of blastema formation, we used quantitative label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based methods to analyze changes in the proteome that occurred 1, 4 and 7 days post amputation (dpa) through the mid-tibia/fibula of axolotl hind limbs. We identified 309 unique proteins with significant fold change relative to controls (0 dpa), representing 10 biological process categories: (1) signaling, (2) Ca2+ binding and translocation, (3) transcription, (4) translation, (5) cytoskeleton, (6) extracellular matrix (ECM), (7) metabolism, (8) cell protection, (9) degradation, and (10) cell cycle. In all, 43 proteins exhibited exceptionally high fold changes. Of these, the ecotropic viral integrative factor 5 (EVI5), a cell cycle-related oncoprotein that prevents cells from entering the mitotic phase of the cell cycle prematurely, was of special interest because its fold change was exceptionally high throughout blastema formation. Our data were consistent with previous studies indicating the importance of inositol triphosphate and Ca2+ signaling in initiating the ECM and cytoskeletal remodeling characteristic of histolysis and cell dedifferentiation. In addition, the data suggested that blastema formation requires several mechanisms to avoid apoptosis, including reduced metabolism, differential regulation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins, and initiation of an unfolded protein response (UPR). Since there is virtually no mitosis during blastema formation, we propose that high levels of EVI5 function to arrest dedifferentiated cells somewhere in the G1/S/G2 phases of the cell cycle until they have accumulated under the wound epidermis and enter mitosis in response to neural and epidermal factors. Our findings indicate the general value of quantitative proteomic analysis in understanding the regeneration of complex structures.
A year without summer for California, or a harbinger of a climate shift?

Mark Twain once remarked “The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco.” If residents and visitors along the California coast think the summer of 1999 was even cooler than usual, they are right. Several air temperature records were set (R. Renard, pers. comm., 2000). October 1999 marked a 13-month run of below-normal temperatures at Monterey, and the March–July mean was 1.4°C below the long-term average.
Collaborative Anomaly Detection for Structured P2P Networks

Anomaly detection in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks is generally difficult due to the large number of users in the network. Exhaustive probing on each user is extremely unrealistic. Besides, unlike hierarchical systems, the infrastructure of a P2P network is flat, which makes multi-casting based probing schemes impossible. Most P2P security research focus on proactive prevention schemes to secure the system. In this paper, we aim to apply passive anomaly detection to estimate the proportion of malicious nodes in the network, without any network parameter information. Two deployment schemes are proposed for different network attacks. We deploy monitoring nodes which maintain both in- and out-of-band P2P communications. Monitoring nodes collaboratively probe one another periodically, and observations at each monitoring node are aggregated by a token message. Simulation results show that after applying our anomaly detection system, we can estimate the status of malicious nodes in a P2P network with high accuracy, and the delivery rate of the network is noticeably increased after successfully blocking suspicious nodes.
A Sexual Health Workshop for Health Care Professionals

The purpose of the study was to evaluate a three-day workshop in human sexuality for health care professionals using identified and described systematic development and evaluation components. The problem was to determine if the use of a systematic development approach obtains the desired outcomes of an educational experience. The desired outcomes include cognitive gains, attitude shifts toward more openness, and behavioral changes leading to an improvement of the quality ofsexual coun seling and therapy. The main sponsoring agency for the workshop was the Interwest Regional Medical Education Center of the Veterans Administration Hospital system. The 126 participants included physicians, psychologists, social workers, nurses, clergy, and students. The results showed that participants (1) gained significantly on cognitive scores from the pretest to the posttest, (2) shifted toward more open attitudes from pretest to posttest, and (3) incorporated many desired behaviors into their practices 10 to 11 weeks fo...
Particle swarm optimization with quantum infusion for system identification

System identification is a challenging and complex optimization problem due to nonlinearity of the systems and even more in a dynamic environment. Adaptive infinite impulse response (IIR) systems are preferably used in modeling real world systems because of their reduced number of coefficients and better performance over the finite impulse response filters. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and its other variants has been a subject of research for the past few decades for solving complex optimization problems. In this paper, PSO with quantum infusion (PSO-QI) is used in identification of benchmark IIR systems and a real world problem in power systems. PSO-QI's performance is compared with PSO and differential evolution PSO (DEPSO) algorithms. The results show that PSO-QI has better performance over these algorithms in identifying dynamical systems.
Stimulus Generalization and Representation in Adaptive Network Models of Category Learning

An exponential-decay relationship between the probability of generalization and psychological distance has received considerable support from studies of stimulus generalization (Shepard, 1958) and categorization (Nosofsky, 1984). It is shown here how an approximate exponential generalization gradient emerges from stimulus representation assumptions isomorphic to a special case of Shepard's (1987) theory of stimulus generalization in a “configuralcue” network model of human learning that represents stimulus patterns in terms of elementary features and pairwise conjunctions of features (Gluck & Bower, 1988b; Gluck, Bower, & Hee, 1989). The network model can be viewed as a combination of Shepard's theory and an associative learning rule derived from Rescorla and Wagner's (1972) theory of classical conditioning.
Roman Population Size: The Logic of the Debate

This paper provides a critical assessment of the current state of the debate about the number of Roman citizens and the size of the population of Roman Italy. Rather than trying to make a case for a particular reading of the evidence, it aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of rival approaches and examine the validity of existing arguments and critiques. After a brief survey of the evidence and the principal positions of modern scholarship, it focuses on a number of salient issues such as urbanization, military service, labor markets, political stability, living standards, and carrying capacity, and considers the significance of field surveys and comparative demographic evidence.
Close, But Not Quite a Cigar: The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

Lilly Ledbetter plucked at the heartstrings of the U.S. Supreme Court which found that even though Ledbetter had experienced gender-based pay discrimination for virtually the entire span of her employment, they were helpless to remedy the situation because the 180 day statute of limitations had passed. As the first legislative act of his presidency, newly-elected President Barack Obama signed into law the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, allowing the statute of limitations to begin anew each time a paycheck is issued on the basis of employment discrimination. While the law plugged this hole in fair pay, it left much to be desired in truly ensuring the end of gender-based pay discrimination. The paper explores the limitations of the law and the work still left undone regarding equal pay.
The Ethics of Cyberattack

The internet has made it possible to do damage at a distance by the use of networked computers. A deliberate act doing such damage may be referred to as a cyberattack. My concern in this essay is the ethics or morality of cyberattack as a part of war. The morality of war or military attacks in general is judged in terms of just war theory, which examines war in its two aspects, the morality of going to war (jus ad bellum) and the morality of conduct in war (jus in bello). I examine the morality of cyberattacks in each of these areas. My conclusion is that, while the use of cyberattacks is a novel form of conflict in many ways, its ethical dimensions can for the most part be understood in terms of the traditional categories of just war theory. There remains, however, an important aspect of cyberattack that may carry us beyond the limits of traditional just war thinking about war.
Industrial Design Law and Practice - Introduction to a Symposium

The National Conference on Industrial Design Law and Practice was held on March 10 and 11, 1989, at the University of Baltimore School of Law. The conference brought together industrial designers from different design fields, as well as lawyers, academics and governmental agency officials to discuss recent developments in industrial design protection. It included four sessions: the first was an overview of the United States' situation; the second session included specific issues of design protection; the third session covered international developments; and the fourth session encompassed design protection practices in United States governmental agencies and courts.
The Chances of War

“Now, at least, and perhaps as long as man dwells upon the globe, his destiny is battle, and he has to take the chances of war.”Justice Holmes
LITTLE ICE AGE SNOW-COVER EXTENT AND PALEOGLACIATION THRESHOLDS: NORTH-CENTRAL BAFFIN ISLAND, N.W.T., CANADA

On air photographs, light-colored areas representing reduced lichen cover indicate the maximum extent of permanent snow cover in the recent past. Lichen-free areas were mapped on 1:50,000, 1:250,000, and 1:1,000,000 map sheets of north-central Baffin Island using air photographs and LANDSAT-1 satellite imagery. Present ice and lakes cover 37% of the study area (97,000 km2). During the Little Ice Age (350 to 100 yr BP), ice and lakes covered about 50% of the study area-an increase of 35%. The amount of lichen-free area is greatest in the elevational range of 450 to 600 m a.s.l. A limited amount of lichenometrical measurements indicate that the lichen-free areas probably represent a period of more extensive
Feedback Control Indirect Response Models

A general framework is introduced for modeling pharmacodynamic processes that are subject to autoregulation, which combines the indirect response (IDR) model approach with methods from classical feedback control of engineered systems. The canonical IDR models are modified to incorporate linear combinations of feedback control terms related to the time course of the difference (the error signal) between the pharmacodynamic response and its basal value. Following the well-established approach of traditional engineering control theory, the proposed feedback control indirect response models incorporate terms proportional to the error signal itself, the integral of the error signal, the derivative of the error signal or combinations thereof. Simulations are presented to illustrate the types of responses produced by the proposed feedback control indirect response model framework, and to illustrate comparisons with other PK/PD modeling approaches incorporating feedback. In addition, four examples from literature are used to illustrate the implementation and applicability of the proposed feedback control framework. The examples reflect each of the four mechanisms of drug action as modeled by each of the four canonical IDR models and include: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and extracellular serotonin; histamine H2-receptor antagonists and gastric acid; growth hormone secretagogues and circulating growth hormone; β2-selective adrenergic agonists and potassium. The proposed feedback control indirect response approach may serve as an exploratory modeling tool and may provide a bridge for development of more mechanistic systems pharmacology models.
Sexual secrets of older women : Countertransference in clinical practice

While the literature on sexuality and aging has grown in the past two decades, there is a gap in the literature regarding countertransference and sexuality and older women. Specifically, topics which were once taboo among younger women such as incest, masturbation. homosexuality and sexual affairs are still invisible in research about older women. This paper uses case examples to illustrate countertransference and treatment issues for therapists working with older women.
Social Ontology and Social Critique: Toward a New Paradigm for Critical Theory

“Social Ontology and Social Critique” constructs a theory of critical social ontology as a means to diagnose the existence and nature of social pathologies in capitalist societies. The chapter begins by outlining four branches of social ontology that are common in the literature and then demonstrates how each can be dialectically synthesized to construct a critical theory of social ontology. The chapter then proceeds to show how this theory of a critical social ontology can serve as a theoretical foundation for a richer, more satisfying and more radical form of social critique by reconstructing the way in which the descriptive knowledge of social facts can also serve as normative judgments about their existing, empirical state of society. The chapter concludes by outlining how this critical social ontology can provide theorists with a more trenchant critique of capitalism and its social pathologies.
Culturally Relevant Human Subjects Protection Training: A Case Study in Community-Engaged Research in the United States

Non-academic members of research teams, such as community members, can perceive traditional human subjects protection training as lacking in cultural relevance. We present a case exemplar of the development of a human subjects protection training for research staff with limited English proficiency and/or no or limited research experience. Seven modules were adapted for language, cultural examples, etc., from the standard Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI) human subjects protection training. Non-academic research staff completed a day-long training in human subjects protection (six modules) and our research protocol (one module). We assessed comprehension of content with PowerPoint slides and module quizzes. All participants successfully passed each module quiz with ≥ 80% correct. Questions answered incorrectly were discussed before proceeding to the next module. To meet the increasing demand for collaborative community-engaged research with underserved minority populations, human subjects protection training protocols can be adapted successfully to reflect real-world situations and provide culturally relevant materials to help non-academic research staff better understand the importance and necessity of research ethics.
Pharmacokinetics of Alemtuzumab Used as Conditioning Agent in Reduced Intensity Transplantation for Pediatric Non-Malignant Disorders.

Abstract Background: Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H), a depleting humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52 has been successfully used for immunosuppression in reduced intensity transplantation (RIT) for non-malignant disorders in children (Shenoy et al, BMT 2005). The conditioning regimen used in this study included alemtuzumab on days -22 to -19, fludarabine 150mg/m2/day on days -8 to -4, and melphalan 140 mg/m2 on day -3. Doses were reduced for children Aims: Pharmacokinetics and clearance of alemtuzumab following conditioning for RIT as above were determined in serial fashion to correlate with transplant related outcomes. All recipients were children undergoing RIT for non-malignant disorders. Methods: Alemtuzumab levels were measured serially in 29 patients who received the above conditioning regimen and RIT for hemoglobinopathies, bone marrow failure syndromes, metabolic disorders, or immune deficiencies/dysregulation. Recipients ≥10 kg received a total dose of 48 mg of alemtuzumab; those Results: Of 28 patients, 1 died of adenovirus infection prior to engraftment. Donor engraftment was present in 92.5% (25 of 27 patients). Of these, 11 patients were 25 kg weight category; 36% developed aGVHD (grade 1 –4) (higher prevalence in larger recipients). Acute toxicities were predominantly bacterial and viral infections within the first 100 days after transplant and diminished significantly following immune reconstitution. Other toxicities included reversible autoimmune hemolytic anemia in 5 patients. Conclusions: Alemtuzumab doses between 2.1 and 7.4mg/kg were well tolerated in the transplant setting and resulted in stable engraftment and low incidence of mortality and GVHD. Alemtuzumab serum levels were variable even among children with similar weights and presumably depend on the recipient CD52+ cell load. Even when administered >2 weeks prior to transplant, alemtuzumab levels were detectable as late as 30–100 days post-transplant. There was a trend towards increased graft rejection with lower alemtuzumab dosing per kg body weight suggesting that a higher dose in larger patients could benefit transplant outcomes. # of patients (weight range in kg) Median dose (range) in mg/kg of drug Median Level (range) in ng/ml on day -19 Median Level (range) in ng/ml on day 0 Median Level (range) in ng/ml on day 30 Mortality Acute GVHD (grade 1–4) Graft Rejection Duration of follow up in months Median (range) 11 ( 4.8 (2.5–7.4) 455.6 (33–4079) 137.7 ( 1* 2 0 15.5 (2.5–30) 6 (10–25) 3.4 (2.15–4.6) 480.3 (243.4–690.69) 75.8 ( 0 5 0 11 (3–12) 11 (>25) 1.1 (0.7–1.3) 283.6 (31–11051) 88.8 ( 0 3 3 14 (6–26) *died due to complications from adenovirus prior to engraftment
Conflict-sensitive Repatriation: Lessons from Displaced Communities in North-eastern Nigeria

This article analyses the humanitarian crisis in north-eastern Nigeria and explores practical steps that the affected communities and humanitarian agencies in the region can take to facilitate relief, repatriation and reconstruction efforts. A brief description of the regional and political context is first provided as background information for the discussion that follows.
Participants' experiences of long-term change following a positive youth development program for low-income youth

The Purdue Athletes Life Success (PALS) camp is a positive youth development program for low-income youth. PALS focuses on physical activities with an integrated character development and social skills curriculum. Previous research with PALS demonstrated that changes in social relationships with peers and staff are associated with changes in self-perceptions, motivation for activity, and hope (Ullrich-French et al., 2008). Qualitative work suggests participants see those relationships as facilitating positive outcomes including self-perceptions, social skills, and motivation for physical activity (McDonough et al., 2009; Ullrich-French et al., 2010). Quantitative work suggests that at least some of these perceptions persist after camp ends (Ullrich-French et al., 2010), but little is known about kids' understanding of how camp experiences continue to impact them after the 4-week program is over. We conducted 8-month follow-up interviews with 10 PALS campers who had participated in the previous qualitative study. Campers were purposively sampled to include a cross-section of ages, gender, ethnicity, and prior experience at PALS. Interviews were content analyzed and compared across the two time points. Four categories of persistent change emerged: increased activity, improved self-perceptions and personal skills (e.g., increased competence), social skill development (e.g., learning how to choose and make friends), and improved relationships at home and school. An improved understanding of kids' perceptions of the impact of positive youth development programs on their lives has important implications for program development and targeted interventions. Acknowledgments: Funding was provided by a Kinley Trust Grant.
Distributed consensus-based Kalman filtering considering subspace decomposition

Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a new observer structure able to deal with the distributed estimation of a discrete-time linear system from a network of agents. The main result is an innovative consensus-based structure that decompose the state in the observable and unobservable subspace of the agent using the observability staircase form. The paper proposes a design in which Kalman-like gains are synthetized to minimize the variance of the error on both subspaces. Finally some simulations are shown to compare the proposed estimator with centralized Kalman filter and other distributed schemes found in literture.
Evaluation of Lithium Naphthalocyanine (LiNc) Microcrystals for Biological EPR Oximetry

A new paramagnetic crystalline material, namely, lithium naphthalocyanine (LiNc), whose electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) line width is highly sensitive to oxygen content, has been evaluated for use as oximetry probe in cells and tissues. Previously,we reported on the synthesis, structural framework,magnetic and oxygen-sensing properties of LiNc microcrystalline powder (Pandian et al, J. Mater. Chem. 19, 4138, 2009). The material exhibited a single, sharp EPR line that showed a highly linear response of its width to surrounding molecular oxygen (pO2) with a sensitivity of 31.2 mG/mmHg. In the present study, we evaluated the suitability of this material for in vivo oximetry in biological systems. We observed that the probe was stable in tissues for more than two months without any adverse effect on its oxygen-sensing properties. We further demonstrated that the probe can be prepared in sub-micron sizes for uptake by stem cells. Thus, the high oxygen sensitivity, biocompatibility, and long-term stability in tissues may be useful for high-resolution EPR oximetry.
Correction to: Using GPS to measure truck service times in a container terminal

The article “Using GPS to measure truck service times in a container terminal”, written by Bartholdi III et al. was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) without open access.
Positive Youth Development at Camps for Youth with Chronic Illness: A Systematic Review of the Literature

This study aimed to systematically review all the literature on camps for youth with childhood onset chronic illness (COCI) utilizing the Positive Youth Development (PYD) framework to assess camp processes and psychosocial outcomes. This paper describes a unique dataset of 425 included studies published over the last 70 years and gives a broad overview of camp demographics, processes that align with PYD’s Big 3 (sustained adult-youth relationships, skill-building, and youth leadership) and measured outcomes that align with the PYD’s 5 Cs (Competence, Confidence, Character, Social Connectedness, and Compassion). Among the included studies, 36% included diabetes camps, 15% included camps accepting multiple illnesses, 12% included cancer camps, and 11% included asthma camps. The majority of participants were under the age of 16. While no study explicitly used the PYD approach, over 90% of studies described camps that deployed both active leadership and sustained positive relationships, while only 59% of studies described camps providing the opportunity to learn life skills. Although no study utilized the PYD 5 Cs framework for outcome measurement, 47% addressed outcomes related to Competence, 44% addressed Confidence, 33% addressed Connection, 4% addressed Compassion, and 2% addressed Character. This review highlights opportunities for camp leadership to align their programming with the PYD framework, to incorporate older adolescents and young adults and, ultimately, to improve positive adult outcomes for youth with COCI. It provides a starting point for future research evaluating illness-specific camps using a PYD approach.
Haunting Empty Tombs: Specters of the Emperor and Jesus in the Gospel of Mark

This paper employs theories of spectrality and haunting to read the Gospel of Mark alongside textual and archaeological materials representing the Roman emperor. I argue that the relationships between the figures of Jesus and the emperor are both more subtle and complex than is typically seen by empire-critical scholarship. I show how both the Roman emperor and the Gospel of Mark’s Jesus are constructed in undecidable negotiations of life and death, absence and presence, and past, present, and future. Scenes like Jesus walking on water, the transfiguration, and the empty tomb display the spectrality of Jesus in Mark’s gospel. Ghost stories and the globalizing logic of the imperial cult do the same for the emperor. The common spectrality of the emperors and Jesus in Mark’s Gospel signals how they are both haunted by the systemic violence of Rome’s empire.
The Mentoring FAN: A Promising Approach to Enhancing Attunement within the Mentoring System

Youth mentoring is a popular tool in positive youth development, with most programs utilizing a model through which youth and non-parental adults are “matched.” Using an adaptation of the Facilitat...
Amos Lee's "Street Corner Preacher" through Michel Foucault's Critique of Scientific Knowledge: A Critique of Legal Knowledge

This article will demonstrate that although students of the law, legal scholars, and practitioners rely on a relatively narrow body of “legal scholarship,” there are in fact sundry diverse sources of legal thought that deserve to be evaluated along with currently accepted legal scholarship. It will present arguments in favor of appreciating music as a unique and important source of legal commentary through which we might understand how people relate to the law - what I have called “coming to the law.” It will demonstrate that music can be uniquely transgressive and presents a powerful alternative to what Michel Foucault called “scientific knowledge.” Ultimately, Foucault’s critique will be the road upon which we travel. I will also argue that not only is it important to accept different forms of knowledge, but that the rejection of different knowledges is a unique form of violence that acts before the law can take effect serving to strategically debase the law.
Simulink-Based Program for Simulating Multi- Machine Power Systems

This paper presents a Simulink-based package program for modeling, simulating, and analyzing multi-machine power systems. The package can be used as a teaching tool or for research studies. The synchronous generators are modeled using the detailed sixth-order model, and are equipped with exciter and turbine systems. The algebraic equations (AEs) are coded in MATLAB separately, and incorporated into the Simulink model as a user-defined function block. The numerical Newton’s method is used for solving these AEs simultaneously. IEEE 68- bus systems is employed as the test system. Moreover, a comparison between the proposed package and other available tool that is based on Simulink is presented. The obtained results demonstrate the capability of the package for solving large multi- machine power systems. The model is also free of algebraic loops that may increase the errors and slow down the simulation.
Pediatric tracheostomy first tube change: When is it safe?

Abstract Objectives The first tracheostomy tube change is typically performed on days 5–7 post-operatively, however recent international consensus guidelines suggested that, with maturation sutures, days 3–5 is appropriate. We evaluate whether a first tube change on day 2 post-operatively is safe and effective. Methods We carried out a retrospective review of all patients undergoing tracheostomy between 2009 and 2018. Exclusion criteria were patients on whom the senior authors did not operate, operations done elsewhere, cases where maturation sutures were not used or a patient died prior to first tube change. We noted patient details, indication for tracheostomy, the need for long-term ventilation, timing of the first tube change, decannulation and need for surgical closure of persistent tracheocutaneous fistula. Results 93 patients were identified, of which 83 were included. The age range was 0–16 years, with the youngest day one of life and an overall mean age of 1.91 years. 59% of patients required long-term ventilation due to various co-morbidities. 26 patients (31%) underwent a first tube change on day 2 post-operatively. All these were uneventful and were irrespective of the patient's need for ventilation. Of the 42 patients who have subsequently been decannulated, 33 (79%) were noted to have a persistent tracheocutaneous fistula requiring surgical closure, four of whom needed revision closure. Conclusions This study shows that a first tube change on day 2 post-operatively is safe, facilitating earlier discharge from intensive care, allowing shorter length of sedation, earlier start to parent/carer training and wound assessment.
Immunoprofiling comes of age.

Application of immunoprofiling of human peripheral blood samples from an aging cohort identifies changes in the immune system that inform our understanding of age-associated complex diseases.
Categories of Juvenile Ageism

In systems that presumably are intended to help our young citizens, the failure of professionals and their funders to make corrections in policies and practices in the face of demonstrated harm to our youngest children makes inadvertent juvenile ageism more sinister. A prominent example is found in the “war against child abuse,” which in some respects has become a war against children who become its casualties when they are treated solely as individuals rather than as part of a child/parent unit in a family that is crying out for help.
An MRAM-Based Deep In-Memory Architecture for Deep Neural Networks

This paper presents an MRAM-based deep in-memory architecture (MRAM-DIMA) to efficiently implement multi-bit matrix vector multiplication for deep neural networks using a standard MRAM bitcell array. The MRAM-DIMA achieves an 4.5 × and 70× lower energy and delay, respectively, compared to a conventional digital MRAM architecture. Behavioral models are developed to estimate the impact of circuit non-idealities, including process variations, on the DNN accuracy. An accuracy drop of ≤ 0.5% (≤ 1%) is observed for LeNet-300-100 on the MNIST dataset (a 9-layer CNN on the CIFAR-10 dataset), while tolerating 24% (12%) variation in cell conductance in a commercial 22 nm CMOS-MRAM process.
The donnan equilibrium

A complete solution has been obtained for the distribution of ions and for the electrostatic potential in a simple Donnan equilibrium, namely, where the membrane is permeable to two ions, but not to the third. Electrical neutrality is shown to be an extremely good approximation everywhere except close to the membrane.