cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis on mortality of malignant tumors among residents in Jinhua city of Zhejiang in 2006-2012

Objective To analyze the mortality of malignant tumors among residents in Jinhua and to provide evidence for disease control. Methods Death code and classification were performed on data of cases who died from malignant tumors and entered into the death monitoring system in 3death monitoring sites based on the Tenth Revision of International classification of Disease(ICD-10)from 2006 to 2012.Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.The mortality rate was standardized by national standard population in 2000. Results The average mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of malignant tumors were 166.36 and 127.01 per 100 000 population in Jinhua from 2006 to 2012.The top 5malignant tumors were lung cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer,esophageal cancer and the colorectal cancer which accounted for 75.55% of total deaths and were similar among males and females with slightly different ranking.More male residents died from lung cancer than females with the ratio of 2.82:1.The mortality rates of lung cancer,liver cancer,gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were on the top list in all age groups except for children and showed an ascending tendency along with age.Lung cancer was found to be the most common cause of death in each year and the mortality rate increased annually. Conclusions Malignant tumors are the major diseases threatening the life of residents in Jinhua,especially lung cancer which are the most common one both in male and female residents.Specific prevention and control are necessary for reducing the incidence and mortality rate of malignant tumors.
Worker-Firm Value Congruence in Low-Level Service Providers: Validation of a New Research Tool

This paper discusses the preliminary development of a new six-item worker-firm value congruence measurement tool that avoids the use of controversial difference scores while providing simultaneous measurement of worker values relative to firm values. The initial application of this five-point Likert scale tool, in the study oflow-level service providers (n = 495), generated strong internal consistency ( = .75).
Optimal Multiband Transmission Under Hostile Jamming

This paper considers optimal multiband transmission under hostile jamming, where both the authorized user and the jammer are power-limited and operate against each other. The strategic decision making of the authorized user and the jammer is modeled as a two-party zero-sum game, where the payoff function is the capacity that can be achieved by the authorized user in the presence of the jammer. First, we investigate the game under AWGN channels. It is found that: either for the authorized user to maximize its capacity, or for the jammer to minimize the capacity of the authorized user, the best strategy for both of them is to distribute the transmission power or jamming power uniformly over all the available spectrum. The minimax capacity can be calculated based on the channel bandwidth and the signal-to-jamming and noise ratio, and it matches with the Shannon channel capacity formula. Second, we consider frequency selective fading channels. We characterize the dynamic relationship between the optimal signal power allocation and the optimal jamming power allocation in the minimax game, and then propose an iterative water pouring algorithm to find the optimal power allocation schemes for both the authorized user and the jammer.
El terrorismo es eficaz en la teoría, pero no en la práctica

Una creencia generalizada en los estudios sobre terrorismo es lo que denomino el «modelo estrategico», el cual postula que los grupos adoptan el terrorismo porque este constituye la mejor opcion para satisfacer sus reivindicaciones. Mas concretamente, el modelo estrategico sostiene que el ataque a civiles mediante acciones terroristas constituye un metodo exitoso para grupos que presionan a los gobiernos para que cumplan sus exigencias politicas. Pese al predominio de esta perspectiva racionalista, su base empirica es en realidad muy debil. Ante el terrorismo, los paises objetivo rara vez ofrecen concesiones estrategicas a aquellos que perpetran los atentados. Por el contrario, suelen afianzar aun mas su posicionamiento politico para pasar a desarrollar su ofensiva. Este articulo analiza los motivos por los que muchos academicos asumen que el terrorismo es util pese a su futilidad politica.
What You Don’t Know Can Destroy You: Ignorance and Correlated Risk

The story of many of the firms that fell prey to the financial crisis reads very similarly in many respects. Institutions that experienced risk disasters were misguided by wishful thinking, overconfidence, groupthink, the skewing effect of personality, and much more. The case studies of these companies have at least one more important thing in common: Senior leadership lost touch with what was going on in one or more of their business units. Senior officials who ought to have been responsible for risk—whether unit heads, CEOs, or board members—simply did not pay enough consistent attention, or educate themselves sufficiently about the nature of the risks being taken, to exercise proper oversight. Once that happened, it was often just a matter of time before disaster struck.
Diet and Supplements in the Prevention and Treatment of Eye Diseases

That diet can influence eye health has been recognized for centuries, but the role of specific nutrients has only recently begun to be understood. Vitamin A, the first essential dietary component identified in the early 20th century, was isolated and proven to be the critical lipid factor in liver and dairy products that prevented night blindness and keratomalacia, two eye conditions that often accompany more generalized malnutrition. Since the 1980s, results from epidemiological studies and clinical trials have suggested nutrients and non-nutritive diet components that slow the development of human age-related eye diseases—cataract, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy—and animal and cell culture studies have elucidated the mechanisms for many of these effects. Unique to the eye is the concentrated exposure to sunlight that can cause direct photochemical damage and exacerbate oxidative stress and inflammation, which also promote chronic eye disease. Evidence indicates that a variety of dietary substances may protect against cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy through the lowering of oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and inappropriate angiogenesis. Nutrients thought to protect against chronic eye disease are discussed and include carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, zinc, vitamin C, vitamin E, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamin D. A variety of non-nutritive food substances may influence eye health but are less well understood. However, single nutrient strategies for lowering the onset and progression of eye diseases are not likely to be as effective as strategies that involve nutrient-rich diet patterns as part of a healthy lifestyle. Evidence from clinical trials and observational studies suggests that introducing nutrient-rich dietary patterns and physical activity slow the destructive physiological processes that contribute to aging of the eye and are more likely than single nutrients to improve eye health as people age. Research is also emerging about the potential importance of obtaining lutein and zeaxanthin early in life. Specific levels of nutrients or types of nutrient-rich dietary patterns needed for optimal eye health and vision throughout life are largely unknown and likely depend on other aspects of lifestyle and genetic makeup.
RSV-specific anti-viral immunity is disrupted by chronic ethanol consumption

Alcohol-use disorders (AUD) persist in the United States and are heavily associated with an increased susceptibility to respiratory viral infections. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in particular has received attention as a viral pathogen commonly detected in children and immune-compromised populations (elderly, asthmatics), yet more recently was recognized as an important viral pathogen in young adults. Our study evaluated the exacerbation of RSV-associated illness in mice that chronically consumed alcohol for 6 weeks prior to infection. Prior studies showed that lung viral titers remained elevated in these animals, leading to a hypothesis that T-cell activation and immune specificity were deficient in controlling viral spread and replication in the lungs. Herein, we confirm a reduction in RSV-specific IFNγ production by CD8 T cells and a depolarization of Th1 (CD4+IFNγ+) and Th2 (CD4+IL-4+) T cells at day 5 after RSV infection. Furthermore, over the course of viral infection (day 1 to day 7 after RSV infection), we detected a delayed influx of neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes into the lungs. Taken together, the data show that both the early and late adaptive immunity to RSV infection are altered by chronic ethanol consumption. Future studies will determine the interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems to delineate therapeutic targets for individuals with AUD often hospitalized by respiratory infection.
Iterative design of a cylinder-based beam-shaping mirror pair for use in a gyrotron internal quasi-optical mode converter

Some gyrotrons use an internal launcher and a series of mirrors to shape the cavity mode into a Gaussian beam at the output. We discuss the design and cold testing of a pair of iteratively designed cylinder-based beam-shaping mirrors to transform the launcher output into a Gaussian beam at the output. One additional weakly curved planar-based mirror directs the beam out of the gyrotron window.
Coculture Assays for Endothelial Cells-Mural Cells Interactions

Coculture assays allow the investigation of the role of endothelial cell and mural cell interactions in small vessel development and function. Different setups for coculture can be used to assay questions of interest. We include here methods for direct coculture, indirect coculture, and coculture in a three-dimensional extracellular matrix scaffold for studies of either a simple and direct association between the two cell types, the exchange of soluble molecules, or the interaction within a biomimetic tissue microenvironment.
Homeostatic and Circadian Influences on Dreaming: NREM Mentation During a Short Daytime Nap

It has long been known that dream recall, along with various other features of dreaming, changes as a function of time of night. Yet the processes which might account for these time-dependent variations remain obscure. Here we assess the contribution of homeostatic and circadian factors to the generation of NREM mentation across the diurnal cycle. Assuming that previously reported time-of-night mentation effects are primarily driven by a circadian activation cycle which approximates the core body temperature (CBT) rhythm, it was hypothesized that more content would be reported from daytime nap awakenings as compared to night awakenings. Afternoon Nap reports were compared to previously-collected nocturnal reports from Circadian Nadir and Late Morning time points. Contrary to our hypotheses, both amount of mentation reported and propensity to report any mentation at all were lower in Nap as compared to Late Morning reports. A purely circadian influence following the CBT cycle is inadequate to explain this pattern of mentation production.
Minority investigators lack NIH funding.

Despite the efforts of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to encourage racial diversity in science and increase training and funding opportunities to minority institutions, there continues to be disparity in NIH R01 grant funding ([ 1 ][1]–[ 3 ][2]). As one example, only five investigators at
Challenges to Achieving Accurate Three-Dimensional Process Simulation

This paper will identify the reasons three-dimensional process simulators are not widely available, when three-dimensional device simulators are widely available. There appear to be four major obstacles; metrology, models, numerics, and structural barriers. Each of these will be discussed and possible solutions will be provided.
Neighborhood Resources to Support Healthy Diets and Physical Activity Among US Military Veterans.

INTRODUCTION Among the nearly 21 million military veterans living in the United States, 64.0% of women and 76.1% of men are overweight or obese, higher rates than in the civilian population (56.9% of women and 69.9% of men). Attributes of the residential environment are linked to obesity. The objective of this study was to characterize the residential environments of the US veteran population with respect to availability of food and recreational venues. METHODS We used American Community Survey data to determine the concentration of veterans (the percentage of veterans among the adult population) in all continental US census tracts in 2013, and we used proprietary data to construct measures of availability of food and recreational venues per census tract. Using descriptive statistics and ordinary least-squares regression, we examined associations between the concentration of veterans per census tract and those residential environmental features. RESULTS In census tracts with high concentrations of veterans, residents had, on average, 0.5 (interquartile range, 0-0.8) supermarkets within a 1-mile radius, while residents in census tracts with low concentrations of veterans had 3.2 (interquartile range, 0.6-3.7) supermarkets. Patterns were similar for grocery and convenience stores, fast food restaurants, parks, and commercial fitness facilities. In adjusted analyses controlling for census-tract-level covariates, veteran concentration remained strongly negatively associated with availability of those food and recreational venues. In nonmetropolitan tracts, adjusted associations were greatly attenuated and even positive. CONCLUSION Where veterans live is strongly associated with availability of food outlets providing healthy (and unhealthy) foods and with recreational venues, raising questions about the contributions of veterans' residential environments to their high obesity rates. Additional research is needed to address those questions.
Development of Uncertainty Quantification Capability for NESTLE

This work aims to develop an uncertainty analysis methodology for the propagation and quantification of the effects of nuclear cross-section uncertainties on important core-wide attributes, such as power distribution and core critical eigenvalue. Given the computationally taxing nature of this endeavor, our goal is to develop a methodology capable of preserving the accuracy of brute force sampling techniques for uncertainty quantification while realizing the efficiency of deterministic techniques. To achieve that, a reduced order modeling (ROM) approach is proposed to deal with the enormous size of the uncertainty space, comprising all the cross-section few-group parameters required in core-wide simulation. The idea is to generate a compressed representation of the uncertainty space, as represented by a covariance matrix, that renders sampling techniques computationally a feasible option for quantifying and prioritizing the various sources of uncertainties.While the proposed developments are general to any reactor physics computational sequence, we customize our approach to the NESTLE [1]-TRITON [2] computational sequence, which will serve as a demonstrative tool for the implementation of our approach. NESTLE is a software used for core wide simulation, which relies on the few-group cross-sections to calculate core wide attributes over multiple cycles of depletion. Its input cross-sections are generated using a matrix of conditions evaluated using a lattice physics code, which in our implementation is done using the TRITON software of the ORNL’ SCALE suit. This manuscript presents one of the early steps towards this goal. Specifically, we focus here on the development of the algorithms for determining the reduced dimension of covariance matrix. Numerical experiment using the TRITON software is employed to demonstrate how the reduction is achieved.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
Disentangling Race and Socioeconomic Status in Health Disparities Research: an Examination of Black and White Clergy

Sophisticated adjustments for socioeconomic status (SES) in health disparities research may help illuminate the independent role of race in health differences between Blacks and Whites. In this study of people who share the same occupation (United Methodist Church clergy) and state of residence (North Carolina), we employed naturalistic and statistical matching to estimate the association between race—above and beyond present SES and other potential confounds—and health disparities. We compared the health of 1414 White and 93 Black clergy. Then, we used propensity scores to match Black and White participants on key socioeconomic, demographic, occupational, and physical activity characteristics and re-examined differences in health. Prior to propensity score matching, Black clergy reported worse physical health than their White counterparts. They had greater body mass index, higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, and lower physical health functioning. White clergy reported less favorable mental health. They had higher severity of depression and anxiety symptoms as well as lower quality of life and mental health functioning. Propensity score analysis revealed that matching on SES and other key variables accounted for most, but not all, of the observed racial differences. Racial disparities in hypertension, depression severity, and mental health functioning persisted despite adjustments. Race contributed to health disparities in some outcomes in our study population, above and beyond our measures of participants’ present SES and key demographic, occupational, and physical activity variables. This study provides evidence supporting the position that race contributes to health disparities through pathways other than SES.
Italy's Jews from Emancipation to Fascism

How did Italy treat Jews during World War II? Historians have shown beyond doubt that many Italians were complicit in the Holocaust, yet Italy is still known as the Axis state that helped Jews. Shira Klein uncovers how Italian Jews, though victims of Italian persecution, promoted the view that Fascist Italy was categorically good to them. She shows how the Jews' experience in the decades before World War II - during which they became fervent Italian patriots while maintaining their distinctive Jewish culture - led them later to bolster the myth of Italy's wartime innocence in the Fascist racial campaign. Italy's Jews experienced a century of dramatic changes, from emancipation in 1848, to the 1938 Racial Laws, wartime refuge in America and Palestine, and the rehabilitation of Holocaust survivors. This cultural and social history draws on a wealth of unexplored sources, including original interviews and unpublished memoirs.
BMI Trajectories from Birth to Young Adulthood.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare BMI trajectories from childhood to early adulthood in those with overweight and/or obesity versus severe obesity. METHODS Longitudinal BMI values (2,542 measurements) were calculated from measured heights and weights for 103 children, adolescents, or young adults with overweight, obesity, or severe obesity. Segmented regression with splines was used to model BMI trajectories. RESULTS Sixty-nine participants were classified as ever having severe obesity versus 34 who never had severe obesity. Trajectories and slopes did not differ by sex or race/ethnicity. Compared with those who never had severe obesity, BMI was higher in the group with severe obesity at all ages, and BMI slope was higher for those with severe obesity at age 14 (P = 0.002), with peak slope occurring later (18 years vs. 16 years) and higher (4.5 ± 0.5 kg/m2 /y vs. 2.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2 /y; P < 0.02). In the group without severe obesity, BMI fell below zero by the mid-20s (-0.3 ± 0.6 kg/m2 /y); in those with severe obesity, BMI slope never reached zero (0.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2 /y). CONCLUSIONS Youth with severe obesity, compared with their peers without, started with higher BMIs, had more rapid rates of BMI increase beginning at age 14, as well as a higher peak and longer period of increase, and never achieved weight stabilization.
Le péritoine lors de l’inflammation

Malgre les progres des techniques diagnostiques, de la chirurgie et de la prise en charge reanimatoire, et l’utilisation de traitements antibiotiques a large spectre, les taux de mortalite des peritonites severes restent eleves, pouvant atteindre 60 % a 80 % (1, 2). Les travaux realises ces dernieres annees ont neanmoins permis de mieux comprendre les mecanismes de controle de la reponse immune et inflammatoire peritoneale; en particulier, de montrer les roles respectifs des cellules residentes de la cavite peritoneales — essentiellement cellules mesotheliales et macrophages — et des cellules recrutees — polynucleaires neutrophiles et cellules mononucleees — dans l’initiation et l’amplification de cette reponse immune et inflammatoire peritoneale. Dans ce chapitre, nous ne traiterons que des mecanismes de l’inflammation peritoneale des peritonites secondaires et non pas des peritonites primaires, des surinfections d’ascites, ni meme des phenomenes inflammatoires chroniques engendres par la dialyse peritoneale. Pour se faire, il sera tout particulierement fait reference a des modeles murins de ligature caecale et ponction (CLP). Ces modeles induisent une peritonite infectieuse polymicrobienne de severites differentes selon la taille des ponctions realisees dans le caecum.
Nutrition Assessment and Nutrition Therapy in Intensive Care Unit Patients

After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the neurohormonal changes of the body during stress and its effect on fuel utilization by the body. Describe the indications for nutrition therapy in a critically ill patient. Explain the timing, route, and administration of nutrition therapy in the critically ill patient. List dosing parameters for macronutrients and micronutrients delivered enterally or parenterally to critically ill patients. Describe the monitoring parameters used to assess the therapeutic effect and adverse effects of nutrition therapy.
When are residents treated as doctors under the law

Courts have identified a range of standards of competence against which resident physicians should be measured in cases of alleged malpractice. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Abusing the Human–Animal Bond: On the Making of Fighting Dogs

Among the countless animals throughout history who have been tamed to serve humans, there is only one who serves by choice – the dog (Wilcox & Walkowicz, 1995). Dogs display “an inexhaustible willingness to form and sustain partnerships with humans” (Hart, 1995, p. 167), and they are the only species that assist humans in various social needs as police, therapy, and search and rescue animals (Udell & Wynne, 2008), sometimes to the endangerment of their own survival (Shewmake, 2002). It is well known that dogs have been selectively bred for socio-cognitive abilities and attachment to humans. They are thus strongly bonded to humans in relationships that consist of attachment behaviors similar to those found in child–parent and chimpanzee–human relations (Topal, Miklosi, Csanyi, & Doka, 1998). Humans have taken advantage of this bond of attachment to create ferocious, fighting dogs – animals that are intensely loyal and willing to fight to the death to protect humans and their property. Taking a creature with toddler psychology and behavior and making it an aggressive fighting dog creates an animal dominated by fear (Meisterfeld & Pecci, 2000) and one who participates in dogfighting out of intense loyalty to the bond he has with humans.
Strengthening the Reader Self-Efficacies of Reluctant and Struggling Readers Through Literature Circles

AbstractAlthough a subskills approach to reading instruction is merited in improving the reading skills of struggling readers, struggling readers also benefit from balanced literacy instruction. An overemphasis on reading subskills arguably minimizes students’ enjoyment of reading and motivation to read and may inevitably result in the formation of reluctant or struggling readers. In turn, this may diminish the self-efficacies of reluctant or struggling readers. I designed an embedded multiple case study framed by social cognitive theory to explore the potential influence of literature circles, a balanced literacy instructional strategy, on the reader self-efficacies of reluctant and struggling readers in Grades 4–6. In terms of reader self-efficacy, reluctant and struggling readers appeared to benefit more from participating in literature circles than their classmates (i.e., students with initially higher reader self-efficacies). This study is significant in providing support for a more balanced approach...
Black hole magnetosphere with small-scale flux tubes

There is observational evidence that the X-ray continuum source that creates the broad fluorescent emission lines in some Seyfert Galaxies may be compact and located at a few gravitational radii above the black hole. We consider the possibility that this compact source may be powered by small scale flux tubes near the black hole that are attached to the orbiting accretion disk. As a first step, this paper investigates the salient features of black hole magnetospheres that contain small scale, disk-hole linking "closed" flux tubes, using the force-free approximation in an axisymmetric setting. We find that the extent of the closed zone is a result of the balance between the black hole spin induced twist in the closed zone and the confinement pressure of the external (open) field of the disk. The maximal extent of the closed zone, for a typical external confinement, is usually a few gravitational radii. The pressure competition between the closed zone and the external confinement could in principle lead to interesting dynamics and dissipation relevant for the compact X-ray corona.
Effect of apparel brands’ sustainability efforts on consumers’ brand loyalty

The goal of this research was to test to what extent sustainability efforts (vs. lack of sustainability efforts) moderate the relationships among consumers’ brand attractiveness, customer-brand (C-...
A Revisit of the Learning Organisation: Is It Time?

The learning organisation (LO) phenomenon was created over 25 years ago. Several definitions of the LO have evolved as well as frameworks, features, and characteristics. One of the challenges of th...
Omenn Syndrome Identified by Newborn Screening.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) encompasses a group of genetic defects. T cell development is universally affected and has alteration of B and/or NK cells. We present the case of a 5-day-old boy with combined heterozygous frame shift (c.256_257del, p.(Lys86Valfs*33)) and missense (c.1186C>T, p.(Arg396Cys)) variations in the RAG1 gene. He was admitted to our institution because of 0 TREC on Newborn Screen and worsening rash. Initially thought to have Omenn syndrome versus maternal engraftment with graft versus host disease, DNA analysis identified the noted mutations and he subsequently received a bone marrow transplant from a matched sibling.
Characteristics and clinical assessment of deglutition disorders and oral movement function in children with cerebral palsy

Objective To investigate the symptom characteristis as well as the clinical assessment methods of dysphagia and oral motor function in children with cerebral palsy(CP).Methods A total of 116 children with CP,aged 18 months to 96 months(66 boys and 50 girls),treated in Qingdao Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children from June 2009 to September 2010,were included in the study.Diagnosis and subtype of CP were determined by neuropaediatrician,the dysphagia disorders survey(DDS)as well as oral motor assessment were conducted by the speech therapists.Results Of the 116 cases,22.4％ of the cases were with mild dysphagia and 34.5％ with moderate to severe dysphagia,resulting in a prevalence of dysphagia of 56.9％.The main problems of these cases occurred during oral phase and pharyngeal phase,including inadequate feeding skills(involving sucking,biting,chewing or/and swallowing),coughing,vomiting and choking during feeding,cry/overextension of neck and head during feeding,drooling,hypertonic tongue and inadequate tongue lateralization.The severe dysphagia was encountered frequently in children with spastic quadriplegic,dyskinetic or mixed type CP children.Of the 116 cases,90 cases(77.59％)were with oral motor dysfunction(including all spastic quadriplegic,dyskinetic or mixed type children).The oral motor scores of CP children were significantly lower than those of the controls(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Oral phase dysphagia and oral motor disorder might be considered as the common clinical problems among the patients with CP,and could be assessed by using DDS combined with oral motor assessment,but for dysphagia during pharyngeal or esophagus phase,the videofluoroscopic modified barium swallow should be used for further evaluation. Key words: Cerebral palsy; Deglutition disorder; Oral movement disorder; Clinical assessment
Monitoring Respiratory Mechanics During Multiplex Ventilation.

To the Editor: We read with extreme pleasure the recent research by Chatburn and colleagues[1][1] about multiplex ventilation published in the July issue of Respiratory Care. We applaud our colleagues on their meticulous methods and findings. All clinicians fighting the COVID-19 pandemic are
Physical Bond Breaking in Associating Copolymer Liquids

We combine ideas from polymer and glassy liquid physics to construct a new model for the bond-breaking time scale of attractive sticker groups in associating copolymer liquids that form transient n...
Neurosurgical Awakening of Cerebral Adrenoleukodystrophy: Phenotypes, Predictors, and Prevention (P1.348)

Objective: X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) occurs secondary to mutations in the ABCD1 gene causing impaired peroxisomal β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), often leading to their accumulation in the brain and adrenal glands. Predicting the metabolic drivers of peroxisome function has proven daunting, as these highly versatile organelles have differential biochemical consequences from one organism, tissue type, or microenvironment to another. This in-part accounts for the genotypic-phenotypic divergence observed in ALD patients, where the predominant phenotypes are the rapidly progressive cerebral forms and the insidious adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN). Background: Since the first report of head trauma exacerbating ALD in 1975, there have been five additional patient reports of inflammatory dysregulation following trauma with neurologic decline and death within one-year. Design/Methods: Here, we present the longest survivor with symptom onset at 14-years-old initially critically hospitalized, then recovered. For 40-years he suffered adrenal insufficiency until onset of seizures. An MRI brain identified a left parieto-occipital hemorrhagic cavernoma for which the patient started steroids and underwent subtotal neurosurgical resection. Post-operatively, he experienced uncontrolled seizures, cognitive decline, worsening gait, alexia, and acalculia. Repeat imaging demonstrated diffuse white matter disease reminiscent of ALD with diagnostic confirmation by VLCFA, DNA sequencing, and corpus callosum closed-biopsy notable for demyelination. The patient was maintained on daily hydrocortisone for AMN with 70% symptom recovery and stable MRI brain. Results: We report a neurosurgical trauma awakened the smoldering ALD in the CNS. Systemic prophylactic use of anti-inflammatories potentially modified the peroxisome immune-microenvironment, thereby limiting the severity of irreversible CNS ALD progression. The patient remains stable >12-months after surgery and has returned to independent living. Conclusions: Further research to establish the role for anti-inflammatory therapy in ALD patients to minimize neurologic complication is essential to better understanding the mechanistic drivers of ALD after brain trauma. Disclosure: Dr. Gatson has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Novocure (Optune). Dr. Challagundla has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sarkar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kahler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kazmi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bonilla-Guerrero has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mongelluzzo has nothing to disclose.
Relational Classification of Biological Cells in Microscopy Images

We investigate the relational classification of biological cells in 2D microscopy images. Rather than treating each cell image independently, we investigate whether and how the neighborhood information of a cell can be informative for its prediction. We propose a Relational Long Short-Term Memory (R-LSTM) algorithm, coupled with auto-encoders and convolutional neural networks, that can learn from both annotated and unlabeled microscopy images and that can utilize both the local and neighborhood information to perform an improved classification of biological cells. Experimental results on both synthetic and real datasets show that R-LSTM performs comparable to or better than six baselines.
Bayesian data analysis reveals no preference for cardinal Tafel slopes in CO2 reduction electrocatalysis.

The Tafel slope is a key parameter often quoted to characterize the efficacy of an electrochemical catalyst. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian data analysis approach to estimate the Tafel slope from experimentally-measured current-voltage data. Our approach obviates the human intervention required by current literature practice for Tafel estimation, and provides robust, distributional uncertainty estimates. Using synthetic data, we illustrate how data insufficiency can unknowingly influence current fitting approaches, and how our approach allays these concerns. We apply our approach to conduct a comprehensive re-analysis of data from the CO2 reduction literature. This analysis reveals no systematic preference for Tafel slopes to cluster around certain "cardinal values” (e.g. 60 or 120 mV/decade). We hypothesize several plausible physical explanations for this observation, and discuss the implications of our finding for mechanistic analysis in electrochemical kinetic investigations. The Tafel slope in electrochemical catalysis is usually determined from experimental data and remains error-prone. Here, the authors develop a Bayesian approach for Tafel slope quantification, and apply it to study the prevalence of certain "cardinal" Tafel slopes in the electrochemical CO2 reduction literature.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome P450 CYP168A1 is a fatty acid hydroxylase that metabolizes arachidonic acid to the vasodilator 19-HETE

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen that is highly prevalent in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). A major problem in treating CF patients infected with P. aeruginosa is the development of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the identification of novel P. aeruginosa antibiotic drug targets is of the upmost urgency. The genome of P. aeruginosa contains four putative cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) of unknown function that have never before been characterized. Analogous to some of the CYPs from M. tuberculosis, the P. aeruginosa CYPs may be important for growth and colonization of the CF patients lung. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and characterized CYP168A1 from P. aeruginosa and identified it as a sub-terminal fatty acid hydroxylase. Spectral binding data and computational modeling of substrates and inhibitors suggest that CYP168A1 has a large, expansive active site preferring long chain fatty acids and large hydrophobic inhibitors. Furthermore, metabolism experiments confirm that the enzyme is capable of hydroxylating arachidonic acid, an important inflammatory signaling molecule present in abundance in the CF lung, to 19-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (19-HETE; Km = 41.1 {micro}M, Vmax = 222 pmol/min/nmol P450), a potent vasoconstrictor which may play a role in the pathogens ability to colonize the mammalian lung. Metabolism of arachidonic acid is subject to substrate inhibition and is also inhibited by the presence of ketoconazole. This study points to the discovery of a new potential drug target that may be of utility in treating drug resistant P. aeruginosa.
Data Envelopment Analysis with Integral Targets

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) inherently assumes that the feasible targets for inputs and outputs are continuous. This paper develops and illustrates extensions to DEA that allow for integer valued inputs and outputs. It is found that DEA’s implicit assumption of continuous targets can be significant in certain applications.
Systemic Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects Associated with the Inhalation of an Increased Dose of Albuterol: Influence of Mouth Rinsing and Gargling

We designed this investigation to assess the occurrence of systemic beta adrenergic side effects associated with the inhalation of an increased dose of the beta2 receptor agonist albuterol. Since therapeutic aerosols delivered by metered dose inhaler (MDI) are preferentially deposited in the mouth and pharynx, we wished to determine whether mouth rinsing and gargling with water might reduce the magnitude of such side effects by partially removing oral and pharyngeal drug residues. Serum glucose, insulin and potassium concentrations, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) were measured as parameters of beta-adrenergic stimulation. Each of eight nonmedicated mild asthmatic patients was studied on two separate days after an overnight fast. Measurements were obtained twice before and then repeatedly at various times up to three hours after inhalation of ten albuterol doses (total dose approximately 1 mg) delivered by MDI. On either day the patient did, or did not, rinse the mouth and gargle after drug inhalation. Aerosol-administered albuterol significantly increased HR, FEV1, systolic BP and serum concentrations of glucose and insulin and lowered diastolic BP as early as five min after inhalation, indicating early systemic drug absorption. Peak changes in all measured parameters were observed within 30 min after treatment. Mouth rinsing and gargling removed 24±11 percent of the total albuterol dose delivered, but did not lower the magnitude or shift the time course of these side effects or bronchodilation. Our data suggest that cardiovascular and metabolic side effects are associated with the inhalation of an increased dose of albuterol and that mouth rinsing and gargling are not effective in reducing the magnitude of these systemic effects.
Biosynthesis of α, ε-Diaminopimelic Acid in Bacillus megaterium

Abstract A diaminopimelic acid auxotroph of Bacillus megaterium was shown to accumulate N-acetyl-l-diaminopimelic acid. Extracts prepared from cultures of the parental strain contain N-acetyl-l-diaminopimelic acid deacylase but this enzyme was absent in extracts prepared from the mutant. Apparently acetate is used as the blocking group in diaminopimelate biosynthesis in B. megaterium in contrast to succinate which has the analogous function in Escherichia coli.
Post-layout estimation of side-channel power supply signatures

Two major security challenges for integrated circuits (IC) that involve encryption cores are side-channel based attacks and malicious hardware insertions (trojans). Side-channel attacks predominantly use power supply measurements to exploit the correlation of power consumption with the underlying logic operations on an IC. Practical attacks have been demonstrated using power supply traces and either plaintext or cipher-text collected during encryption operations. Also, several techniques that detect trojans rely on detecting anomalies in the power supply in combination with other circuit parameters. Counter-measures against these side-channel attacks as well as detection schemes for hardware trojans are required and rely on accurate pre-fabrication power consumption predictions. However, available state-of-the-art techniques would require prohibitive full-chip SPICE simulations. In this work, we present an optimized technique to accurately estimate the power supply signatures that require significantly less computational resources, thus enabling integration of Design-for-Security (DfS) based paradigms. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique, we present data for a DES crypto-system that proves that our framework can identify vulnerabilities to Differential Power Analysis (DPA) attacks. Our framework can be generically applied to other crypto-systems and can handle larger IC designs without loss of accuracy.
Clearinghouses for two-sided matching: An experimental study

We experimentally study the Gale and Shapley, 1962 mechanism, which is utilized in a wide set of applications, most prominently the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP). Several insights come out of our analysis. First, only 48% of our observed outcomes are stable, and among those a large majority culminate at the receiver-optimal stable matching. Second, receivers rarely truncate their true preferences: it is the proposers who do not make offers in order of their preference, frequently skipping potential partners. Third, market characteristics affect behavior: both the cardinal representation and core size influence whether laboratory outcomes are stable. We conclude by using our controlled results and a behavioral model to shed light on a number of stylized facts we derive from new NRMP survey and outcome data, and to explain the small cores previously documented for the NRMP.
US educational programs integrating technology management and entrepreneurship

Based on a benchmarking study of the top 25 engineering programs at US universities, the authors present anecdotal information about engineering programs that include an organized effort regarding entrepreneurship. Similar information is also presented about undergraduate entrepreneurship programs in business administration and management that contain a technology management emphasis.
Irreducible modules for the quantum affine algebra Uq(slˆ2) and its Borel subalgebra

Abstract Let U q ( b ) denote the standard Borel subalgebra of the quantum affine algebra U q ( sl ˆ 2 ) . We show that the following hold for any choice of scalars ɛ 0 , ɛ 1 from the set { 1 , − 1 } : (i) Let V be a finite-dimensional irreducible U q ( b ) -module of type ( ɛ 0 , ɛ 1 ) . Then the action of U q ( b ) on V extends uniquely to an action of U q ( sl ˆ 2 ) on V. The resulting U q ( sl ˆ 2 ) -module structure on V is irreducible and of type ( ɛ 0 , ɛ 1 ) . (ii) Let V be a finite-dimensional irreducible U q ( sl ˆ 2 ) -module of type ( ɛ 0 , ɛ 1 ) . When the U q ( sl ˆ 2 ) -action is restricted to U q ( b ) , the resulting U q ( b ) -module structure on V is irreducible and of type ( ɛ 0 , ɛ 1 ) .
Purification and characterization of homogeneous initiation factor M2A from rabbit reticulocytes.

Abstract Rabbit reticulocyte initiation factor M2A has been prepared in homogeneous form. The final preparation was purified 2,300-fold and ran as a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in three different buffer systems: alkaline, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and acidic 6.5 M urea. IF-M2A also ran as a single band in polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing experiments with an apparent pI of 6.45. The molecular weight of IF-M2A was approximately 125,000 based on determinations by low speed equilibrium centrifugation (118,000), sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis (130,000) and s20,w combined with Stokes radius (124,000). The amino acid composition of IF-M2A revealed three unusual features: a) the basic amino acids represented 19.4 mol %; b) glutamicacid (plus glutamine) constituted 18.8 mol%; c) tryptophan and cysteine residues were only 0.4 and 0.7 mol%, respectively. Homogeneous IF-M2A was tested in several initiation assays using either natural or artificial mRNAs. In each assay tested, homogeneous IF-M2A fully substituted for cruder preparations and at concentrations commensurate with its increased purity. IF-M2A was also examined for ribosome-dependent GTP hydrolysis, an assay requiring ribosomes but no other initiation factors. Analysis of the data yielded a Km for GTP of 10 muM and a Vmax for hydrolysis of 1.20pmol/mug IF-M2A/min. In addition, IF-M2A mediated GTP hydrolysis required both 40 S and 60 S subunits for maximal activity. The possibility that IF-M2A is a factor required for the joining of 40 S and 60 S subunits is discussed.
PLASMA AMINO ACIDS AFTER BIRTH.

The concentration of the free amino acids of plasma during the neonatal period were studied by ion-exchange column chromatography in infants born prematurely or at term. In prematures the effects of 4% protein formula were compared with 2% protein formula. The changes in concentration at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours postprandial were also studied in two prematures aged 10 and 25 days. A wide range for most amino acids especially in the premature group was observed. Increased concentrations of tyrosine up to 26 mg/100 ml as late as the fiftyseventh day of life were noted. A steady postnatal decrease for lysine, taurine, and threonine was found in the few days of life from the high cord blood concentrations toward the base-line values of infancy.
Halobacterium halobium: I: A thin-sectioning electron-microscopic study

Halobacterium halobium in the stationary growth phase and the isolated purple membrane have been studied by thin-sectioning methods. The cell wall of the whole organism is ≈175 A thick and is comprised of a hexagonal array of particles spaced ≈130–160 A apart. The plasma membrane appears triple layered in transverse sections and is uniformly 83 ± 7 A thick even in regions judged to contain the purple membrane. The isolated purple membrane is significantly thinner measuring 61 ± 6 A in thickness due presumably to loss of peripheral nonlipid components during isolation. No evidence of the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) molecules has been found in either the plasma membrane or isolated purple membrane in thin sections. A fibrocrystalline body is described in sections of the whole organism. It is up to 0.9 μm long by about 0.25 μm thick and often lies close to the plasma membrane with its long axis often roughly parallel to the long axis of the organism. It consists in transverse section of a bundle of hollow tubules ≈120 A in diameter, each with a wall ≈40 A thick interconnected by cross bridges ≈30 A thick. The tubules are arranged in a hexagonal array with a lattice constant of ≈150 A. In approximate longitudinal section the body displays regular dense and light cross striations spaced at a period of ≈220 A decreasing to ≈140 A with increasing obliquity of the plane of sectioning to its long axis. Filtered images of the body in both cross and longitudinal sections are presented. A sheetlike periodically cross-banded structure ≈270 A thick is often seen closely applied to the inner surface of the plasma membrane. This measures several tenths of a micrometer in length and breadth as determined by serial sectioning and is sometimes closely associated with the fibrocrystalline body. Its position and size suggest that it is related to the purple membrane in situ.