cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple neuro-muscular blocking agents and reversal in a patient with absent plasma cholinesterase

The detailed clinical response of a patient with absent plasma cholinesterase (genotype1s Ef) who received tubocurarine (3 mg), succinylcholine (120 mg), pancuronium (2mg), and reversal with neostigmine (3 mg) is reported. The patient–s responses were compared to the responses of a group of patients with genotype Ela Ela evaluated prospectively, and with eight other genotype Els Els patients reported in the literature. The present patient demonstrated evidence of a phase II block before and after attempted reversal, suggesting that free succinylcholine was present in her plasma and a mixed block was present at that time. Conservative supportive therapy was continued and a complete recovery resulted five hours and 30 minutes after the succinylcholine administration.
Myelofibrosis with complex chromosome abnormality in a patient with erythrocytosis due to hemoglobin Rainier and treated with 32P.

A patient with familial erythrocytosis associated with Hemoglobin Rainier, and previously treated with 32P, developed myelofibrosis with a hyperdiploid chromosome clone in the myeloid cells (51, XX, +1, 2q-(q33), +6, +9, +11, -19, +20q +,+ mar 1). This transformation from a benign disorder of differentiated erythrocytes to a malignant disorder may have been secondary to radiophosphorus therapy.
Causes of the growth of homelessness during the 1980s

Abstract This article presents an analysis of the factors that predicted 1989 homelessness rates in large U.S. cities. Data were collected to describe homelessness rates in the 182 cities with populations over 100,000. In addition, variables were assembled to represent many factors that have been hypothesized to cause homelessness, including each city's housing and income conditions, household resources, employment conditions, employment structure, available public benefits, and cost of living. The researcher used regression analysis to assess the impact of each hypothesized causal factor on between‐city differences in 1989 homelessness rates for the 147 primary cities in the data set (excluding suburbs) and for subgroup breakouts based on level of manufacturing employment and population growth from 1980 to 1986. The article ends with a discussion of policy implications of the patterns discovered.
Influence of breathing rate on airway resistance and compliance measurements.

Abstract Airway resistance is commonly measured in a total body plethysmograph. However, measurements during naturally assumed breathing at frequencies below 2 breaths/sec are known to be a problem due to the presence of plethysmograph artefact. Specifically, breathing by the subject within the closed plethysmograph chamber produces undesired warming and wetting of chamber air and this in turn increases chamber pressure. In the present paper, a fundamental frequency method of analysis is used over a range of frequencies above and below 2 breaths/sec to extract values of airway resistance from data corrupted by artefact. Resistance values by this method were examined in seven normals and 17 subjects with obstructive lung disease. Within the limits of measurement accuracy, groups of normals and abnormais showed constant mean values of effective airway resistance over a range from 0.15 to 3.2 breaths/sec. A plethysmograph artefact occurred in response to changes in lung volume and appeared as a compliance-like effect on plethysmograph pressure. Compliance parameters, associated with the artefact, were nearly constant below 1.2 breaths/sec, and the means were the same for normals and abnormais. Above 1.2 breaths/sec the compliance parameter for normals tended to increase while that for abnormais decreased. These results suggest that if compliance measurements are derived from plethysmograph data both lung mechanical parameters and artefacts will contribute to computed values.
Differential effect of cytochalasin B on normal and transformed mouse cells

CYTOCHALASIN B, a drug isolated from Helminthosporium dematioideum, inhibits cytoplasmic cleavage and a number of processes concerned with cell movement. Mitosis is unaffected, so that cells treated with the drug become multinucleate1. Cytochalasin B is believed to interact either with microfilaments2 or directly with the plasma membrane3.
Influence of Plant Ontogeny and Abiotic Factors on Resistance of Glandular-Haired Alfalfa to Potato Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to characterize the trichome-based defense of glandular-haired alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., against the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris). Within-plant variability in leafhopper resistance was examined by caging adult leafhoppers to either basal or apical stem internodes of the leafhopper-resistant, glandular-haired M. sativa genotype G98A or the susceptible, nonglandular-haired M. sativa ‘Ranger’. Young, actively secreting glandular trichomes are located on apical internodes of G98A, whereas senesced gland heads are found on older, basal internodes of G98A. After 96 h, the highest cumulative leafhopper mortality and lowest number of excretory droplets were associated with apical internodes of G98A. No difference was detected in mortality and feeding levels among insects caged to basal internodes of G98A and basal and apical internodes of Ranger. The influence of abiotic factors on leafhopper resistance was evaluated by caging adult leafhoppers to ei...
Laser plasma electrical excitation methods: their properties, techniques, and specific applications

The most useful forms of plasma generation, including self- sustained and externally sustained classes, will be compared with respect to their physical characteristics, limitations, and specific applications for which each is best suited. Controlled avalanche discharge excitation will be emphasized, since it provides a way around foil window breakage limitations of te electron beam ionization technique, and hence it enables a further extension of lasers into extremely high average power and high repetition rate-high peak power regimes. However, special high voltage pulse forming techniques and plasma impedance matching designs are required. A few such circuits and methods will be presented. Finally, some specific applications that may be uniquely enabled by controlled avalanche ionization - including an electric discharge-based oxygen-iodine laser - will be presented.
Absolute frequency calibration of the CO 2 isotope laser transitions

The frequencies of rare CO 2 isotope lasers are measured by comparison with 12C16O 2 reference lines and with each other. Improved heterodyne techniques are used to generate difference frequencies in a liquid-nitrogen-cooled HgCdTe varactor photodiode. Microwave frequency counter measurements of the difference frequencies are then used to calculate the band centers, rotational constants and transition frequencies with an estimated accuracy of less than a few kilohertz. Selected applications of CO 2 isotope lasers in precision heterodyne calibration, spectroscopy, microwave and IR synthesis are described.
Demonstration of an amplitude-division soft x-ray interferometer for plasma diagnostics based on diffraction gratings

We have performed soft x-ray interferometry of a laser- created plasma using a novel amplitude division interferometer in combination with a tabletop capillary discharge laser operating at 46.9 nm. The soft x-ray interferometer utilizes diffraction gratings as beam splitters in a Mach-Zehnder configuration to generate high contrast interferograms over a large field of view. An advantage of this interferometer scheme is that it can be used at any of the wavelengths covered by presently available soft x-ray lasers. This table-top system was used to probe a large scale (approximately 3 mm long) plasma crated by a Nd:YAG laser. The short wavelength of the probe laser has allowed mapping of the electron density in plasma regions with density gradients stepper than those that could be probed with the fourth harmonic of Nd:YAG for a plasma of this length.
Synthesizing mechanisms of density dependence in reef fishes: behavior, habitat configuration, and observational scale

Coral and rocky reef fish populations are widely used as model systems for the experimental exploration of density-dependent vital rates, but patterns of density-dependent mortality in these systems are not yet fully understood. In particular, the paradigm for strong, directly density-dependent (DDD) postsettlement mortality stands in contrast to recent evidence for inversely density-dependent (IDD) mortality. We review the processes responsible for DDD and IDD per capita mortality in reef fishes, noting that the pattern observed depends on predator and prey behavior, the spatial configuration of the reef habitat, and the spatial and temporal scales of observation. Specifically, predators tend to produce DDD prey mortality at their characteristic spatial scale of foraging, but prey mortality is IDD at smaller spatial scales due to attack-abatement effects (e.g., risk dilution). As a result, DDD mortality may be more common than IDD mortality on patch reefs, which tend to constrain predator foraging to the same scale as prey aggregation, eliminating attack-abatement effects. Additionally, adjacent groups of prey on continuous reefs may share a subset of refuges, increasing per capita refuge availability and relaxing DDD mortality relative to prey on patch reefs, where the patch edge could prevent such refuge sharing. These hypotheses lead to a synthetic framework to predict expected mortality patterns for a variety of scenarios. For nonsocial, nonaggregating species and species that aggregate in order to take advantage of spatially clumped refuges, IDD mortality is possible but likely superseded by DDD refuge competition, especially on patch reefs. By contrast, for species that aggregate socially, mortality should be IDD at the scale of individual aggregations but DDD at larger scales. The results of nearly all prior reef fish studies fit within this framework, although additional work is needed to test many of the predicted outcomes. This synthesis reconciles some apparent contradictions in the recent reef fish literature and suggests the importance of accounting for the scale-sensitive details of predator and prey behavior in any study system.
Effects of dietary aflatoxin on performance and zinc metabolism in dairy calves.

Abstract Young dairy calves were fed diets containing 40 or 640ppm zinc with 0 or 5ppm aflatoxin for 3 wk. The aflatoxin mixture contained 80.5% B 1 , 19.5% G 1 , and less than .1% B 2 and G 2 . The aflatoxin fed calves exhibited characteristics signs of aflatoxicosis which included reduced feed intake, weight gains, nitrogen balance, pulse rate, and respiration rate, Feed intake and weight gains recovered some during the 3rd wk. No gross abnormalities were observed in the liver or other organs at autopsy. Addition of 600ppm zinc to diets containing aflatoxin did not alleviate the toxic conditions. Effects of aflatoxin or zinc metabolism were investigated during the 3rd week of treatment through oral dosing of zinc-65. Absorption of zinc-65 was slightly lower in aflatoxin-fed calve. However, the aflatoxin effect on absorption of zinc-65 was less than that of high dietary zinc. Retention of zinc-65 in small intestinal tissue was increased in aflatoxin-fed calves, but concentrations in other tissues were not affected. Stable zinc was reduced in liver and increased in kidney and three sections of the small intestine. Further research is needed to define more clearly the relationship of zinc to aflatoxin in dairy calves.
Performance of generalized selection multiuser scheduling over generalized fading channels

We propose and study a generalized selection multiuser scheduling (GSMuS) scheme which ranks a total of L users awaiting transmission by their signal-to-noise-ratios (SNRs) and selects the Nc number of users with the largest SNRs for channel access. We analyze the error and outage probabilities, the individual- and sum-rates of the proposed GSMuS scheme taking into account the effects of adaptive modulation, statistical power allocation with minimum rate constraint, and generalized fading channels. Numerical results show that as the average SNR increases, assigning more than one users for simultaneous transmission (for a fixed total transmission power) will significantly improve the sum rate. The GSMuS scheme brings about a substantial scheduling gain with respect to conventional systems without SNR ranking.
Precise spectroscopy for fundamental physics

We have applied experimental techniques that were developed for use in atomic frequency standards and clocks to investigations of local Lorentz invariance, the linearity of quantum mechanics, and anomalous long-range spin-dependent forces. These experiments used a hyperfie transition in 9Be+ ions in a Penning trap. Recently, we have studied hyperfine transitions in IwHg+ ions in a linear rf trap. Hg+ ions might be used for similar investigations in the future.
Therapeutic postprostatectomy irradiation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of patients receiving external beam radiation for an elevated postprostatectomy prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. Between December 1991 and September 1998, 108 patients received definitive radiation therapy for elevated postprostatectomy PSA levels. The median dose of irradiation was 68 Gy (range, 48–74 Gy). During treatment, the PSA levels were checked an average of 5 times (range, 3–7 times). Prostatespecific antigen values were judged to decline or increase during treatment if they changed by more than 0.2 ng/mL. After treatment, biochemical failure was defined as a measurable or rising PSA > 0.2 ng/mL. Median follow-up was 51 months (range, 3–112 months). Fifty-eight patients (54%) had evidence of biochemical failure. The 3- and 5-year actuarial biochemical relapse-free (bNED) survivals for all patients were 55% and 39%, respectively. Upon univariate analysis, intratreatment PSA and preradiation PSA were significant predictors of bNED survival. Patients with a PSA level that decreased during treatment had a 5-year bNED survival of 43% compared to 10% in patients with an increasing PSA level (P = 0.0002). Using the preradiation therapy PSA value as a continuous variable, higher preradiation therapy PSA levels were associated with an increased risk of failure (P = 0.004). Cut points of pretreatment PSA were derived at 0.9 ng/mL and 4.2 ng/mL using the Michael Leblanc recursive partitioning algorithm. The 5-year bNED rate for patients with a preradiation therapy PSA 7 (P = 0.27). Other factors examined individually that did not reach statistical significance included time from surgery to radiation therapy, race, seminal vesicle involvement, pathological stage, surgical margin, and perineural invasion. Upon multivariate analysis, only preradiation therapy PSA (P < 0.001) and the PSA trend during radiation therapy (P < 0.001) were significant factors. The results of therapeutic radiation for patients with elevated postprostatectomy PSA levels are sufficiently poor; other strategies should be explored as alternatives, including early adjuvant postprostatectomy irradiation or the use of combined hormonal and radiation therapy in the salvage situation.
The effect of intraocular injection of tetrodotoxin on fast axonal transport of [3H]proline- and [3H]fucose-labeled materials in the developing rat optic nerve

The fast axonal transport of [3H]proline-labeled proteins and [3H]fucose-labeled glycoproteins delivered to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the developing rat optic nerve was investigated during tetrodotoxin-induced monocular impulse blockade. Repeated intraocular injections of various dosages of tetrodotoxin or citrate buffer vehicle were made every two days in rats aged 5–21 days postnatal, and the accumulation of rapidly transported radioactivity in the lateral geniculate nucleus measured between three and twelve hours post-injection at each age. The effectiveness of prolonged tetrodotoxin treatment was monitored by loss of the pupillary light reflex and the level of cytochrome oxidase activity in the contralateral superior colliculus and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Numbers of optic axons proximal to the chiasm and the frequency of retinal ganglion cells per unit distance from the optic disc were examined for signs of tetrodotoxin-induced degeneration of the retinofugal pathway. Tetrodotoxintreatment reduced the amount of fucosyl glycoproteins, but not proline-labeled proteins, axonally transported to the lateral geniculate nucleus during the first three weeks of postnatal development. Other studies indicated that tetrodotoxin significantly reduced the incorporation of [3H]fucose into retinal proteins indicating that the reduction in transport was probably due to a decrease in precursor incorporation into retinal ganglion cells. Electron microscopy of ganglion cells at 21 days revealed dilated and vacuolated Golgi cisternae associated with tetrodotoxin treatment, suggesting that tetrodotoxin may alter fucose metabolism by secondarily disrupting Golgi organization. Other protein synthetic machinery in these cells, including ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, appeared normal throughout tetrodotoxin treatment. These data indicate that Na+-dependent optic impulse activity may be indirectly related to the axonal transport of glycoproteins during early postnatal development by mediating the incorporation of precursor into glycoproteins at the Golgi apparatus and their subsequent entrance into the fast transport system.
Between-ovary interaction in the regulation of follicle growth, corpus luteum function, and gonadotropin secretion in the primate ovarian cycle. III. Temporal and spatial dissociation of folliculogenesis and negative feedback regulation of tonic gonadotropin release after luteectomy in rhesus monkeys.

This study was designed to examine effects of previous ovarian status on subsequent follicle growth and the role of between-ovary communication in the regulation of folliculogenesis and gonadotropin secretion during the primate ovarian cycle. Responses to luteectomy were compared in two groups of rhesus monkeys. In the first, follicle growth and corpus luteum function had been constrained chronically to a single ovary by hemiovariectomy performed 66–258 days earlier; the second group was composed of intact monkeys that underwent contralateral wedge resection at luteectomy. In each group, luteal ablation was followed by a prompt fall in serum progesterone levels, a premature onset of menses, and the next preovulatory gonadotropin surges 14.7 ± 1.1 or 15.4 ± 1.4 days later (mean ± SE; P > 0.25). Although the patterns of circulating estradiol before and after ablation in each group were superimposable, luteectomy in monkeys lacking a contralateral ovary was followed by a large (2- to 4-fold) and prolonged (7...
Extent and reasons for nonadherence to antihypertensive, cholesterol, and diabetes medications: the association with depressive symptom burden in a sample of American veterans.

OBJECTIVE Persons with depressive symptoms generally have higher rates of medication nonadherence than persons without depressive symptoms. However, little is known about whether this association differs by comorbid medical condition or whether reasons for nonadherence differ by depressive symptoms or comorbid medical condition. METHODS Self-reported extent of nonadherence, reasons for nonadherence, and depressive symptoms among 1,026 veterans prescribed medications for hypertension, dyslipidemia, and/or type 2 diabetes were assessed. RESULTS In multivariable logistic regression adjusted for clinical and demographic factors, the odds of nonadherence were higher among participants with high depressive symptom burden for dyslipidemia (n=848; odds ratio [OR]: 1.42, P=0.03) but not hypertension (n=916; OR: 1.24, P=0.15), or type 2 diabetes (n=447; OR: 1.15, P=0.51). Among participants reporting nonadherence to antihypertensive and antilipemic medications, those with greater depressive symptom burden had greater odds of endorsing medication nonadherence reasons related to negative expectations and excessive economic burden. Neither extent of nonadherence nor reasons for nonadherence differed by depressive symptom burden among patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that clinicians may consider tailoring interventions to improve adherence to antihypertensive and antilipemic medications to specific medication concerns of participants with depressive symptoms.
Melt viscosity, temperature and transport processes, Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus

Abstract The lava section in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus, is chemically stratified and divided into a shallow lava sequence with low TiO 2 content and a deeper lava sequence with high TiO 2 content. We calculate the viscosity at magmatic temperature based on major element chemistry of lavas in Cyprus Crustal Study Project (CCSP) Holes CY-1 and 1A. We find that typical shallow low-Ti lavas have a magmatic viscosity that is two to three orders of magnitude lower than that of the deeper high-Ti lavas. This implies that, after eruption on-axis, Troodos low-Ti lavas would have been able to flow down the same slope faster and farther than high-Ti lavas. The calculated lava viscosity increases systematically from the lava–sediment interface to the bottom of the composite Hole CY-1/1A. This suggests that an efficient process of lava segregation by viscosity on the upper flanks of the paleo Troodos rise may have been responsible for the chemical stratification in the Troodos lava pile. Calculated magmatic temperature and molar Mg/(Mg+Fe), or Mg#, decrease systematically down-section, while SiO 2 content increases. Correlation of Mg# in the lavas with Mg# in the underlying, lower crustal plutonic rocks sampled by CCSP Hole CY-4 shows that the shallow lavas came from a high-temperature, lower crustal magma reservoir which is now represented by high-Mg# pyroxenite cumulates, while the deeper lavas were erupted from a lower-temperature, mid-crustal reservoir which is now represented by gabbroic cumulates with lower Mg#.
Nanodisperse Many-Particle-Systems: Concept, Structure-Property Relationships and Characterization Strategy

Nanodisperse many-particle-systems (MPS), often forming compact matter, consist of atomic/molecular nano-sized building units, which interact with each other. The interactions among clusters and with the embedding matrix mainly determine the macroscopic properties of the material. The functional properties of nanostructured matter depend on a number of parameters that describe the single cluster (structure, chemical composition, size and shape), the near-order and far-order effects of a given cluster and which can be modeled using the concept of MPS. The specified parameters have to be considered in a detailed multilevel ultramicroscopic and analytical characterization , and several can be manipulated to tailor new materials with desired optical, electronic or catalytic properties. Such approach provides logical synergism between modeling, engineering and characterization of disperse composite nanomaterials by the combination of analytical electron microscopy and image analysis techniques, as illustrated by examples utilizing chemically stabilized “giant” clusters of noble metals and multifractal percolation nanostructures of Ag filaments.
Reversible inhibition of the hydrocortisone induction of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase by cytochalasin B in rat glial C6 cells

The hydrocortisone (HC) induction of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH; EC 1.1.1.8) in rat glial C6 cells was inhibited reversibly and in a dose-dependent manner by cytochalasin B (CB). CB had no effect on basal level GPDH, total cellular RNA, DNA or protein content nor did it act as a general inhibitor of the rate of protein synthesis. CB did not appear to be acting via dissociation of microtubules since colcemid had no effect on the induction process. The addition of an alternate energy source (sodium pyruvate) did not relieve the CB inhibition of GPDH induction suggesting that CB is not exerting its effect by blocking glucose utilization. The inhibition by CB is not dependent on the temporal sequence of the induction process since it specifically inhibited GPDH induction at any time it was added. CB did not alter the rate of degradation of GPDH in these cells and direct measurements of the specific rate of synthesis of GPDH demonstrated that CB decreased the induced rate of GPDH synthesis by about 60%. The site of inhibition was more precisely defined by experiments which demonstrated a 60% decrease in specific nuclear binding of 3H-HC even though total cellular uptake of 3H-HC was unaffected. This effect on nuclear binding of HC is sufficient to account for the decreased accumulation of GPDH activity in CB-treated cells.
Disease, Endocrine--Immune Interactions, and Sexual Selection

Parasites and disease have been increasingly recognized as agents of eco- logical and evolutionary importance. Because the endocrine and immune systems are re- lated, it is also likely that hormonally controlled traits, such as secondary sexual characters, may be influenced by responses to disease. Testosterone appears to be associated with a suppressed immune system in many vertebrates, and evidence from captive Red Jungle Fowl suggests that the sexes differ in blood parameters involved in immunity and that comb length is negatively correlated with lymphocyte number in males. Immune system parameters may provide a useful gauge of condition in captive and field-caught animals.
Prevention and management of hyperthyroid storm

Thyroid storm or crisis has become a rare clinical problem but remains a serious emergency when it occurs. The reduction in occurrence rate and deaths is not only attributable to improvements in modern management of severe hyperthyroidism, but also to the inclusion of cases in some series which, by previous standards, would not have been classified as storm in the past. Information from modern research on thyroid pathophysiology is reviewed as a basis for current steps in management of storm. Safeguards in preparation of patients with hyperthyroidism for surgery and recognition of both the potential for storm and the steps required to combat it are reviewed and emphasized.
Continuous-wave operation of a (20\bar{2}\bar{1}) InGaN laser diode with a photoelectrochemically etched current aperture

We demonstrated selective and controllable undercut etching of the InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) active region of a laser diode (LD) structure by photoelectrochemical etching. This technique was used to fabricate current aperture edge-emitting blue laser diodes (CA-LDs), whose performance was compared with that of shallow-etched ridge LDs with a nominally identical epitaxial structure. The threshold current density, threshold voltage, peak output power, and series resistance for the CA-LD (shallow-etched LD) with a 2.5-µm-wide active region were 4.4 (8.1) kA/cm2, 6.1 (7.7) V, 96.5 (63.5) mW, and 4.7 (6.0) Ω under pulsed conditions and before facet coating, respectively.
Rapid formation of a modern bedrock canyon by a single flood event

Deep river canyons are thought to form slowly over geological time (see, for example, ref. 1), cut by moderate flows that reoccur every few years. In contrast, some of the most spectacular canyons on Earth and Mars were probably carved rapidly during ancient megaflood events. Quantification of the flood discharge, duration and erosion mechanics that operated during such events is hampered because we lack modern analogues. Canyon Lake Gorge, Texas, was carved in 2002 during a single catastrophic flood. The event offers a rare opportunity to analyse canyon formation and test palaeo-hydraulic-reconstruction techniques under known topographic and hydraulic conditions. Here we use digital topographic models and visible/near-infrared aerial images from before and after the flood, discharge measured during the event, field measurements and sediment-transport modelling to show that the flood moved metre-sized boulders, excavated ~7 m of limestone and transformed a soil-mantled valley into a bedrock canyon in just ~3 days. We find that canyon morphology is strongly dependent on rock type: plucking of limestone blocks produced waterfalls, inner channels and bedrock strath terraces, whereas abrasion of cemented alluvium sculpted walls, plunge pools and streamlined islands. Canyon formation was so rapid that erosion might have been limited by the ability of the flow to transport sediment. We suggest that our results might improve hydraulic reconstructions of similar megafloods on Earth and Mars.
Calculation of the electron-impact-ionization cross section of helium including electron correlations.

The total cross section and the single-differential cross section in energy for the ionization of the ground-state helium atom by electron impact have been calculated in distorted-wave approximations. The optical potential, or self-energy of the single-particle Green's function, was used to investigate effects of electron correlations in the initial state. Our results are compared with the results of experiments and other calculations.
Optimality of designs with generalized group divisible structure

Abstract The generalized group divisible designs with s groups, or GGDD( s )s, are defined in terms of the elements of the information matrix, rather than in terms of the elements of the concurrence matrix as has been done previously. This definition extends the class of designs to include nonbinary members, and allows for broader optimality results. Several sufficient conditions are derived for the designs to be E- and MV-optimal. It is further shown how augmentation of additional blocks to certain GGDD( s )s produces infinite series of other nonbinary, unequally replicated E- and MV-optimal block designs. Where nonbinary designs are found, they can be preferable to binary designs in terms of interpretability as well as one or more formal optimality criteria.
Impact of Coronary CT Angiography on Surgical Decision-Making for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Rationale and Objectives To determine the impact of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) on treatment decisions made by cardiac surgeons and to explore barriers to implementation of CCTA as first-line imaging workup before coronary artery bypass. Materials and Methods Tertiary academic medical center retrospective cohort study. Questionnaires administered to three cardiac surgeons regarding diagnosis and treatment decisions with level of confidence in decision making for 30 chest pain patients, after reviewing deidentified catheter coronary angiogram (CCA) and CCTA images on the same patients, several weeks apart. Results All surgeons tended to report more severe disease with CCTA than CCA ( P P = .11, .01, and .02, respectively). Confidence levels were significantly higher with CCA for the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease for all three surgeons ( P Conclusions Severity of disease may be overestimated by cardiac surgeons when using CCTA as a decision-making test, tending toward more invasive treatment choices compared to CCA. Additionally, cardiac surgeons may be more confident with their diagnosis and treatment based on CCA. These may be important limitations in the application of CCTA in clinical practice and may reflect the maturation of CCTA use in practice, diffusion of the technology and/or a reflection of the technology itself.
A microcomputer based controller for neuromuscular block during surgery

A microcomputer based control system has been developed to automatically induce and maintain neuromuscular block during surgery. The system repeatedly adjusts the infusion rate of a muscle relaxant, succinylcholine, based on the evoked, rectified, and integrated electromyogram (EMG). The system was tested in 12 patients for a 30-min infusion period with a setpoint of 80% depression of the evoked, rectified, and integrated thenar EMG. The mean time to reach the setpoint for 10 of the patients was 5.5 (±1.87 SD) min and the mean time for 95% recovery after infusion was stopped was 5.4 (±0.83 SD) min. Average overshoot was 9.9% of the baseline (±3.1% SD), and the average time within ±10% of the setpoint was 22.1 min (±7.26 SD). The total dose of succinylcholine for these 10 patients ranged from 1.21 to 3.77 mg/kg with a mean of 1.92 mg/kg. The other two patients were relatively insensitive to the drug and the controller was unable to bring the response to the set-point due to a ceiling placed on infusion rate by the control algorithm.
Accelerator constraints on dark matter

Abstract The relic density of supersymmetric dark matter is calculable in terms of supersymmetric and Standard Model parameters. The discovery of supersymmetric particles and determination of their parameters could well happen at the next generation hadron collider LHC presently under construction at CERN. The accelerator constraints on the SUSY parameter space at the LHC are presented as well as the accuracy with which the density of supersymmetric cold dark matter could be predicted from collider measurements.
Close linkage between a galactose binding protein and the beta-methylgalactoside permease in Escherichia coli.

It has been found that a gene necessary for the production of the galactose binding protein is closely linked, if not identical with the gene(s) determining the β-methylgalactoside permease. This was determined by crossing a galactose binding protein negative, β-methylgalactoside permease negative strain of E. coli K-12 with wild type donor strains. In addition, after mutagenation of a permease positive, binding protein positive strain of E. coli K-12 with N-methyl, N-nitroso, N′-nitroguanidine, some of the β-methylgalactoside permease defective mutants showed concomitant changes in the galactose binding protein. Out of 28 independent permease defective mutants two had lost their ability to produce cross reacting material against antibodies specific for the galactose binding protein; four mutants showed temperature sensitive synthesis of cross reacting material; five mutants had immunochemically somewhat changed binding protein. The immunochemical assay showed no changes in the binding protein of the rest of the 17 mutants. However, the galactose binding activity of the crude extract of these mutants varied to a great extent (10–90%) from the activity-found in the crude extract of the wild type. These results suggest a close relationship between the galactose binding protein and the β-methylgalactoside permease.
Mean field and ε -expansion study of spin glasses

A Landau-Ginzburg phenomenological free energy for the Edwards and Anderson spin-glass model when there is competition between spin-glass and ferromagnetic ordering is developed. This free energy obtained with the use of the $n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ replication procedure is analyzed using mean-field theory and the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion. Critical exponents for the ferromagnetic-spin-glass multicritical point are calculated in $6\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ dimensions. For Ising systems, $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{1}{2}+(\frac{2}{3})\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ and $\ensuremath{\varphi}=1+(\frac{1}{2})\ensuremath{\epsilon}$. For $\mathrm{XY}$ and Heisenberg systems, these exponents are complex. This result is not fully understood. The Harris-Plischke-Zuckermann model for amorphous magnetism is shown to have an Ising-like spin-glass fixed point in high enough dimension.
Disaggregation in manufacturing and service organizations: survey of problems and research

This paper addresses a class of problems, referred to as ‘disaggregation problems,’ which lie between aggregate planning at the top level and the more detailed decisions of inventory control and scheduling at the bottom level. Most real-world problems are sufficiently complex to warrant a sequential or top-down approach to problem solving. However, researchers have paid scant attention to disaggregation until very recently. The resulting lack of an interfacing mechanism diminishes the utility of solution procedures for aggregate planning, inventory control, and scheduling. In order to draw attention to this gap, a taxonomy of disaggregation problems is developed for both manufacturing and service organizations. The purpose is to identify and classify problems, describe representative research, and identify unresolved issues.
Determinants of Change in the Distribution of Blacks across Suburbs

An analysis of the determinants of change in suburban fringe black residential segregation between 1960 and 1970 is conducted for the 45 largest Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA) using...
Reliability and Validity of Scores From the Inventory of Drug Use Consequences

Psychometric properties of the Inventory of Drug Use Consequences (InDUC; W. M. Miller, J. S. Tonigan, & R. Longabaugh, 1995), a self-report assessment of negative consequences associated with alcohol and other drug use, were investigated. The InDUC demonstrated sound psychometric characteristics and can be a valuable clinical tool for chemical dependency counselors.
Smooth Schur factorizations in the continuation of separatrices

Numerical computation of separatrices as general connecting orbits in dynamical systems is performed, and their continuation as problem parameters vary is approached via a direct application of smooth block Schur factorizations of Jacobians and monodromy matrix functions. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithms used.
C5H5 ON A PT(111) SURFACE : ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING

The chemisorption of cyclopentadienyl (c-C5H5) on Pt(111) has been studied using qualitative band-structure calculations in the framework of the tight-binding implementation of the extended Huckel method. We modeled the metal surface by a two-dimensional slab of finite thickness, with an overlayer of c-C5H5, one c-C5H5 per nine surface Pt atoms. The c-C5H5 molecule is attached to the surface with its five C atoms bonding mainly with three Pt atoms. The Pt−Pt bonds in the underlying surface and the C−C bonds of c-C5H5 are weakened upon chemisorption. Forward-donation from the adsorbate to the substrate is significant, and there is also substantial back-donation, as reported in the literature for benzene on Pt and Ni surfaces. We found that the band of Pt 5dz2 orbitals plays an important role in the bonding between c-C5H5 and the surface, as do the Pt 6s and 6pz bands.
Increasing aqueous solubility of curcumin for improving bioavailability.

The interesting review by Aggarwal and Sung [1] provides a comprehensive description of the pharmacological basis for the role of curcumin in chronic diseases. Towards the end of the manuscript the authors list important limitations of curcumin, the prime limitation being curcumin's insolubility in aqueous solutions and consequently its poor bioavailability. Therefore, any method to improve curcumin's solubility in water would be of immense interest to investigators working to find therapeutic advances to several debilitating and terminal illnesses.
Interfering with amyloidosis

Comment on Dhodapkar et al, page [3520][1] A multicenter phase 2 clinical trial of dexamethasone and interferon shows promise for treatment of patients with AL amyloidosis. In recent years, the attention of many in the biomedical research community has turned to a diverse group of diseases that
Weather forecast-based power predictions and experimental results from photovoltaic systems

Considering the distributed generation from solar energy, the topics of this paper are multiple: firstly, to analyze accurate measurements of solar irradiance from pyranometer and to compare them with 1-3 day weather forecasts by the suitable statistical error parameters. Then, to describe a detailed PhotoVoltaic (PV) conversion model, from the solar irradiance to the AC power profile delivered to the utility grid, and to compare the simulation results with the 15-min mean power measured by the energy-meter of a real grid-connected PV system with megawatt size. The results show that an adequate accuracy can be obtained and that useful information can be provided for fault diagnosis of a portion of a PV array.
New values for dilatational wave‐velocities through the Earth

During the past four years, studies have been made at Saint Louis University on earthquakes of shallow focal depth. The Tango Earthquake in Japan was studied by Dr. Hodgson, the Hawke Bay (New Zealand) Earthquake by the writer, and the Long Beach Earthquake by the Reverend James B. Maeelwane, S.J., and the writer. The travel-time tables published in November 1955 by Father Macelwane were based on data from these earthquakes, the depth of whose foci was 10 to 12 km.
Interaction of nonconjugated chromophores in rigid model compounds

Abstract Spectroscopic techniques and photochemistry were used to evaluate the interaction between an electronically excited chromophore and a different one in its ground state in rigid model compounds. These inflexible compounds are better suited for transfer work than binary mixed solutions of donor and acceptor since both the separation distance and the mutual orientation of the two chromophores are known, and complicating factors such as intermolecular transfer and complex formation are excluded by work at high dilution. Phenanthrene (P) and p-dimethoxybenzene (D) were rigidly connected to an inert spirocyclopropane-norbornane σ-frame. The S 1 → S 0 and T 1 → S 0 emissions of the two chromophores are found at different wavelengths and therefore can be detected separately. The emission and excitation spectra of the model compound were compared to those of an equivalent one-to-one mixture of each chromophore rigidly attached to the same inert frame. The dilute mixture shows the fluorescence and phosphorescence of each of the two components. In the model compound, however, the D fluorescence is definitely absent. The mechanism is consistent with efficient singlet energy transfer from the selectively excited D to P combined with partial back transfer from the T 2 state of P to the lowest triplet of D.
Electrically Switchable Colloidal Ordering in Confined Geometries

A novel field-induced approach has been developed that allows the controlled ordering of colloidal particles in confined systems. In this approach, an electric field is used to create a strong lateral dipole−dipole interaction that induces colloidal crystallization in two-dimensional geometries. Because the particle density is relatively low and the interaction of long range, colloidal mobility is high enough to allow rapid crystallization upon the application of the electric field. The observed phase transitions are fully reversible and can be readily controlled by adjusting either the applied field strength or particle confinement.
Astronomy: New distance record for galaxies.

Spectroscopic measurements of 43 candidates for distant galaxies have confirmed one to be the most remote galaxy securely identified to date — and it forms stars more than 100 times faster than the Milky Way. See Letter p.524 Hubble Space Telescope data have yielded hundreds of candidates for galaxies with redshifts observed less than one billion years from the Big Bang, but so far distances have been confirmed for only a few of them. Using the newly commissioned MOSFIRE spectrograph on the Keck I telescope, Steven Finkelstein and co-workers have detected a galaxy with an emission line that can be confirmed at a redshift of 7.51, placing it at an epoch 700 million years after the Big Bang. That makes it the most distant spectroscopically confirmed galaxy, This galaxy's colours are consistent with a significant metal content, and it has a surprisingly high star-formation rate of about 330 solar masses per year, more than 100-fold greater than that seen in the Milky Way. The authors suggest that there may be many more such sites of intense star formation in the early Universe than previously expected.
Center Stage: Humiliation, Being Found Out, and the Myth of Supercompetence

SUMMARY Youth workers operate within a professional climate in which competence is perceived to be linked to a worker's ability to respond quickly and effectively to whatever situations clients may present. Many youth workers perceive their own inability to respond in moments of stuckness as indicative of their own failing and lack of professional skill. They often view their colleagues as more equipped and competent than themselves and fear having their own struggles exposed. This chapter describes the third of five themes associated with youth workers' experiences of not-knowing what to do: humiliation and the fear of being found out. In addition to presenting the dominant theme, this chapter discusses the two variations on the theme, as described by youth worker participants: (a) The worst public humiliation and (b) They'll know I'm a fraud. Implicit in both variations is the weight of youth workers' attempts to measure up to the field's myth of supercompetence in their practice.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Brief review

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a well-defined geographic distribution, primarily affecting persons from southern China and Southeast Asia. Environmental factors are numerous and appear to have a secondary role, mainly in the promotion of the neoplastic process. Relationship with the Epstein-Barr virus is indicated by the identification of viral genome copies within the cells and by a persistent host antibody response with restricted specificity for nasopharyngeal malignancies. The World Health Organization has recently adopted a histologic classification categorized into three subtypes according to the degree of epithelial differentiation, keratinization, and stromal lymphocytic infiltration. The tumor expands locally to contiguous structures, spreads through the cervical lymphatics following the jugular chain, and eventually metastasizes to the skeleton and liver. Primary management consists of radiation therapy to cervicofacial fields and usually offers adequate palliation, with a five-year median survival of 67 percent for stage I and 17 percent for stage IV disease.
CALIBRATION OF AN AIRCRAFT SIDESLIP SENSOR BY FUZZY LOGIC

A sideslip (p) sensor calibration method based on fuzzy logic is developed to improve the accuracy and reliability of the sensor. Corrections to the measured values are assumed to be dependent on five variables: Mach number, indicated angle of sideslip, calibrated angle of attack, roll rate and yaw rate. Using fuzzy logic as a multi-dimensional method for nonlinear functional approximation, the calibration system will output the correction to the sensed P upon input of these five variables. In addition to being robust inherent in a fuzzy logic algorithm, this calibration method allows all influencing variables to vary at the same time in a given flight maneuver. Therefore, the number of flights required to calibrate the sensor can be reduced. The procedures of system development are shown in detail. A numerical example to show fuzzy logic calibration is illustrated. Four sets of data obtained in flight maneuvers of a fighter aircraft, including steady-state sideslip, slow down turn, 360-deg. roll, and erect climb, are used in the calibration. Numerical simulations are conducted to adjust the fuzzy rules and numbers of membership functions for some variables. It is shown that this method achieves satisfactory results at both supersonic and subsonic speeds, except at the beginning and ending of a maneuver because of possible transient effects.