cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Characterization of the Dendritic Growth Cone: Regulated mRNA Transport and Local Protein Synthesis

The molecular mechanisms that regulate growth cone guidance of dendrite outgrowth remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that mRNA localization in dendritic growth cones and their local protein synthesis may be important for growth cone functioning. The appearance of 23 of 31 growth cone mRNAs was developmentally regulated. Also, alteration of growth cone morphology affected the relative levels of three mRNAs. Finally, using single dendrite transfection, it was shown that local protein synthesis occurs in dendrites and growth cones. A heterogeneous population of mRNAs exists in dendritic growth cones of cultured hippocampal neurons whose relative abundances are developmentally regulated and can vary with changes in growth cone physiology. The demonstration of protein synthesis in growth cones suggests that translation of the localized mRNAs may contribute to regulation of growth cone motility and dendrite outgrowth.
Teaching: A Job or a Profession? The Perceptions of Educators

Abstract Researchers designed a study to investigate educators’ perceptions about whether teaching is a job or a profession. A survey was developed to investigate factors such as individual definitions of a job and a profession, years of experience teaching, grade level or category of education, and individual perceptions of a profession. The respondents were 401 upper-level undergraduate preservice teachers and graduate students who were professional educators. Data collected showed many aspects of individuals’ perceptions of teaching including control of teaching and working situations, ethics, and personal perceptions of being a professional. Based on the findings from the study, researchers concluded that educators believe teaching is a profession.
Dislocation Nucleation and Multiplication in Small Volumes : The Onset of Plasticity during Indentation Testing

While classical studies of dislocation behavior have focused on the motion and multiplication of dislocations, recent advances in experimental methods allow studies that probe relatively dislocation-free volumes of materials. When the dislocation concept was initially developed 75 years ago, researchers were not easily able to examine the ultra-fine size scales of materials that would allow the onset of plasticity to be examined. This paper will review some recent developments in the area of incipient plasticity in materials and provide a historical context for current interest in testing mechanical behavior at small scales.
Oral fluid/plasma cannabinoid ratios following controlled oral THC and smoked cannabis administration

Oral fluid (OF) is a valuable biological alternative for clinical and forensic drug testing. Evaluating OF to plasma (OF/P) cannabinoid ratios provides important pharmacokinetic data on the disposition of drug and factors influencing partition between matrices. Eleven chronic cannabis smokers resided on a closed research unit for 51 days. There were four 5-day sessions of 0, 30, 60, and 120 mg oral ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/day followed by a five-puff smoked cannabis challenge on Day 5. Each session was separated by 9 days ad libitum cannabis smoking. OF and plasma specimens were analyzed for THC and metabolites. During ad libitum smoking, OF/P THC ratios were high (median, 6.1; range, 0.2–348.5) within 1 h after last smoking, decreasing to 0.1–20.7 (median, 2.1) by 13.0–17.1 h. OF/P THC ratios also decreased during 5-days oral THC dosing, and after the smoked cannabis challenge, median OF/P THC ratios decreased from 1.4 to 5.5 (0.04–245.6) at 0.25 h to 0.12 to 0.17 (0.04–5.1) at 10.5 h post-smoking. In other studies, longer exposure to more potent cannabis smoke and oromucosal cannabis spray was associated with increased OF/P THC peak ratios. Median OF/P 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCCOOH) ratios were 0.3–2.5 (range, 0.1–14.7) ng/μg, much more consistent in various dosing conditions over time. OF/P THC, but not THCCOOH, ratios were significantly influenced by oral cavity contamination after smoking or oromucosal spray of cannabinoid products, followed by time-dependent decreases. Establishing relationships between OF and plasma cannabinoid concentrations is essential for making inferences of impairment or other clinical outcomes from OF concentrations.
The admissibility theorem for the hyperplane transform over a finite field

Abstract We pose and solve a finite analogue of I. M. Gelfand's admissibility problem in integral geometry. We use the framework previously employed by E. Bolker to study the injectivity and range characterization problems for finite Radon transforms.
Laminar Flow Velocity and Temperature Distributions Between Coaxial Rotating Disks of Finite Radius

Predictions of the laminar flow and temperature distribution between coaxial rotating disks of finite radius have been obtained using a computer model solving the Navier-Stokes equation for a laminar fluid of constant properties. To do this, a stream vorticity model in the r-z plane is used in the solution of the Navier-Stokes equation. The velocity fields were obtained for both shrouded and unshrouded disks with or without radial throughflow for either co-rotating or counter-rotating disks. Velocity profiles predicted by this model were compared to experimental data, to a similarity solution and to a large aspect ratio model. The results obtained by this model closely matched the experimental data, and the large aspect ratio solution for the cases considered. The uncoupled energy equation was then solved using the calculated velocity distribution for the temperature distribution between the disks. This was done for two cases: i) two isothermal disks, and ii) one isothermal disk and one adiabatic disk.Copyright © 1988 by ASME
Biologically active endophytic Quambalaria sp. from Leptospermum junipae in Australia

An endophyte, designated “AV 17-3”, was isolated from a stem sample of an Australian Prickly Tea Tree, Leptospermum junipae, growing in the coastal area of the state of Victoria, Australia. Isolation of the partial 18S rDNA sequence and a subsequent search in GenBank revealed high homology to the fungal genus Quambalaria. Standard scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as environmental SEM of the isolate revealed that it produces widely elliptically shaped spores (4.5–5.5 × 1–2.2 μm) and secondary budding spores (2.0–3.0 × 1.5–1.7μm) on conidiophores, all showing a close similarity to Quambularia pitereka. The fungus produces bioactive compounds that were inhibitory to all and lethal to some pathogenic fungi, such as Phytophthora erythroseptica. It also inhibited or killed other tested bacteria and fungi, including Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas citri, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Saccharomyces cerevisae and Bacillus ...
Archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery system

Archaeal polar lipids are being evaluated as adjuvants/vaccine delivery systems for mucosal vaccines that can provide protection against pathogens that enter the human host via the mucosal surfaces. Archaeosomes, liposomes made from polar lipids extracted from Archaea, with encapsulated antigens elicit strong antigen-specific systemic immune responses upon systemic or intranasal immunization, but fail to generate mucosal immune responses. However, intranasal immunization of mice with the archaeal lipid mucosal vaccine adjuvant and delivery (AMVAD) system, obtained by the interaction of archaeosomes/antigens with multivalent cations, induces robust, antigen-specific IgA responses in nasal and vaginal mucosa, feces, bile, and serum. In addition, strong antigen-specific systemic antibody (serum IgG, IgG(1) and IgG(2a)) and cell-mediated responses, including CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte, are generated. The responses are sustained over time and are subject to good memory-boost responses. The AMVAD formulations are stable during storage, have a good safety profile and show protective efficacy in a murine model of infection/challenge.
Assimilation Blues: Black Families in a White Community

Invisible Families and Black Family Research Welcome to Sun Beach A Long Way From Home Troubled in Paradise? Nowhere to Run--Surviving in Sun Beach Making Choices Bibliography Index
DSP-CONTROLLED MULTIPHASE HYSTERETIC VRM WITH CURRENT SHARING EQUALIZATION

Many of the new high-speed high-integration density Integrated Circuits (ICs) and future generation of microprocessor powering requirements can be successfully achieved with voltage-mode hysteretic control applied to interleaved multiphase Point-of-Load (POL) DC–DC converters or Voltage Regulator Modules (VRMs). This is because of the several advantages that can be achieved by combining the advantages of hysteretic control and interleaving. However, there are several challenges in combining the two techniques, the most prominent being the current sharing and equalization between the interleaved phases. In this communication, we present a solution based on a real-time DSP controller. Challenges of the implementation will be discussed and experimental results obtained from a prototype will be presented.
SU‐GG‐I‐115: Clinical Evaluation of Three Automatic Image Registration Algorithms from Two Commercial Systems

Purpose: Commercial image registration systems are often directly used in clinics to determine treatment setup for patients. It is imperative to assess the accuracy of these commercial systems because of their direct impact of radiation delivery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the accuracy of two commercially available image fusion systems implemented in our clinic. Methods and Materials: A pelvic anthropomorphic phantom was CT‐scanned and the pelvic bone, femoral heads, and sacrum were contoured. The phantom was setup in fifteen different positions and the corresponding MV‐CBCTs were acquired with 8 MU for a 200 arc. Two commercially available image fusion systems (Syngo from Siemens and Mosiaq from Elekta) were used to automatically align the MV‐CBCTs with the planning CT based on a maximizing mutual information (MMI) algorithm. Furthermore, a chamfer algorithm was evaluated for the Mosiaq system. Based on contours of bony structures, manual alignments in Syngo were conducted carefully by an experienced physicist and were used as the benchmark. Results: Compared to the manual alignments, the mean differences in lateral shifts from automatic registrations were 0.7 cm, 0.2 cm, and 0.2 cm for Syngoauto, MosaiqMMI, and MosaiqChamfer, respectively. The mean differences in longitudinal/vertical shifts were 0.5/0.3 cm, 0.0/0.0 cm, and 0.0/−0.1 cm, respectively. The standard deviations for measurements were 0.1 cm. Conclusion: The accuracy of automatic image registration varied from system to system. The Mosaiq system aligned datasets automatically within 2 mm accuracy for both algorithms. Larger deviations were observed in the Syngo system with automatic alignment, indicating that additional manual adjustments were necessary. Conflict of Interest: A contributing author has grant support from Siemens Medical Solutions.
Cell population balance modeling and control in continuous bioreactors

Abstract In this work we address the problem of controlling different moments of the cell mass distribution using cell population balance modeling for the derivation of appropriate nonlinear feedback control laws. The mathematical model used for dynamic simulation and controller synthesis consists of a partial integro-differential equation describing the dynamics of the cell mass distribution and an ordinary integro-differential equation accounting for substrate consumption. Nonlinear feedback laws that induce a desired closed-loop response for the biomass concentration (first moment), the cell density (zeroth moment) and the second moment of the cell mass distribution are developed and their performance and robustness to parameter uncertainties are tested via numerical simulations.
Combinatorial Transcription of Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella Zoster Virus Immediate Early Genes Is Strictly Determined by the Cellular Coactivator HCF-1

The mammalian transcriptional coactivator host cell factor-1 (HCF-1) functions in concert with Oct-1 and VP16 to assemble the herpes simplex virus (HSV) immediate early (IE) transcription enhancer core complexes that mediate the high level transcription of these genes upon infection. Although this transcriptional model has been well characterized in vitro, the requirements and significance of the components have not been addressed. Oct-1 was previously determined to be critical but not essential for HSV IE gene expression. In contrast, RNA interference-mediated depletion of HCF-1 resulted in abrogation of HSV IE gene expression. The HSV IE gene enhancer domain is a model of combinatorial transcription and consists of the core enhancer and multiple binding sites for factors such as Sp1 and GA-binding protein. It was striking that HCF-1 was strictly required for VP16-mediated transcriptional induction via the core enhancer as well as for basal level transcription mediated by GA-binding protein and Sp1. HCF-1 was also found to be essential for the induction of varicella zoster virus IE gene expression by ORF10, the VZV ortholog of the HSV IE transactivator VP16, and the autostimulatory IE62 protein. The critical dependence upon HCF-1 demonstrates that this cellular component is a key factor for control of HSV and VZV IE gene expression by functioning as the common element for distinct factors cooperating at the IE gene enhancers. The requirements for this protein supports the model whereby the regulated transport of HCF-1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in sensory neurons may control IE gene expression and reactivation of these viruses from the latent state.
Identifying most responsive regions in the HIP using composite models

To identify regions inside the hip experiencing the most significant bone loss due to long-duration spaceflight, we have employed inter-subject registration to integrate hip quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scans and constructed the pre- and post-flight composite hip models for 16 astronauts, who experienced 4-6 months of spaceflights on the International Space Station. To achieve this, we applied automatic volumetric rigid and non-rigid inter-subject registration techniques to transform the two groups of hip QCT scans into a common reference hip space. Statistical comparison of the preand post-flight composite models illustrated tissue regions that showed the most serious bone loss inside the proximal femur. Based on the 16 subjects, such regions also showed statistical significance in bone loss according to voxel-by-voxel t-test and false discovery rate (FDR) analysis. By emphasizing on such most responsive regions, we can potentially develop more sensitive bone measurement methods for detecting and analyzing bone response to environmental and other factors, such as aging and osteoporosis drug therapies
Occlusion for successful Class IV acid-etch restorations

Properly placed acid-etch Class IV restorations may be dislodged due to occlusal interferences. When restoring an anterior tooth, the dentist should check the three regions of possible incisal prematurities: centric incisal contact, protrusive incisal contact, and midprotrusive incisal contact. By correcting potential problems in these regions before tooth restoration, the dentist helps to ensure longer lasting retention for the restoration.
When 'never-events' occur despite adherence to clinical guidelines: the case of venous thromboembolism in clear cell cancer of the ovary compared with other epithelial histologic subtypes.

Abstract Objective. To determine the incidence of clinically significant venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women diagnosed with clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCC-O) interpreted in the context of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) ‘never-events.' Methods. Using the institutional pathology Tumor Registry at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), all women diagnosed with a CCC-O from 1994 to 2004 were identified. Controls with epithelial ovarian cancer of other histologies were matched for stage, age and year of diagnosis. Medical records were abstracted and pathology reviewed. All patients had surgical staging and/or cytoreductive surgery by a Gynecologic Oncologist at the MGH. All patients received appropriate peri- and post-operative prophylaxis with subcutaneous heparin and/or sequential compression devices. VTE was diagnosed with standard imaging techniques when clinical suspicion arose. Results. Fifty-eight (58) women were diagnosed with CCC-O during the study period, 43 of whom had complete data available for analysis. Patients with Stage I or II disease comprised 70% of the patients. The mean age of the cohort was 55 and the mean weight 71 kg. Eighty-six (86) age, stage, and year of diagnosis matched controls were selected. The majority of controls had serous tumors (47%) with the remainder being endometrioid (33%), mucinous (14%), transitional cell (2%), sarcoma (2%) and mixed (2%). CCC-O was often seen in association with endometriosis 70% compared with 22% of controls ( p p =0.024, OR=2.5 CI 1.1504–5.60). The rate of VTE was not influenced by weight or smoking. In the CCC-O patients, seventeen percent (17%) of VTE was diagnosed at presentation while 50% was diagnosed postoperatively and 33% at the time of disease recurrence or progression. Overall, including cases and controls, late stage disease was more likely associated with VTE (18 of 39, 46%) vs. early stage disease (19 of 90, 21%), p =0.004. Conclusions. Women with CCC-O have a 2.5-times greater risk of disease related VTE than women with other histologies of epithelial ovarian cancer despite adherence to prophylactic guidelines. Given the high rate of VTE postoperatively as well as with disease recurrence, one should consider indefinite therapeutic anticoagulation in women with CCC-O. The case of CCC-O is one example of the impracticality of payment denial for ‘never-events,' as VTE arises despite best efforts at prevention.
The reaction of CH3O2 with SO2

Abstract : The kinetics of reaction 1, CH302 + N0 yield CH30 + N02 were studied in the temperature range of 218deg K to 365deg K using the flash photolysis of C12 in the presence of CH4 and 02 as a source of CH302 radicals. These radicals were monitored by ultraviolet absorption. The rate coefficient k sub 1 = (2.1 + or - 1) x 10 to the minus 12th power exp(380 + or - 250/T)cu cm per sec at 200 Torr total pressure. The reaction is independent of pressure (70 - 600 Torr, mostly CH4) at 296deg K.
Counterion effects on geometric control in the Peterson reaction of bistrimethylsilyl esters: synthetic scope and mechanistic implications

Abstract An interesting and useful level of geometric control can be read in the reaction of enolates derived from bistrimethylsilyl acetates and aldehydes leading to a-trimethylsilyl esters and derived compounds depending upon the cation employed. Mechanistic experiments are described which suggest that chelation may play a role in the origin of the observed selectivities.
Application of a chemical leach technique for estimating labile particulate aluminum, iron, and manganese in the Columbia River plume and coastal waters off Oregon and Washington

In order to determine the total concentration of bioavailable trace metals in seawater, measurement of both the dissolved and labile particulate fractions is necessary. Comparison of labile particulate metal concentrations from various researchers is limited because of differing definitions of the fraction that is potentially available to phytoplankton on a time frame of generations. A comparison experiment was conducted on coastal and riverine suspended particulate matter to determine the difference between several commonly used techniques that operationally define the labile particulate trace metal fraction. Furthermore, we compared two leach techniques for surface transect samples from within the Columbia River plume and water offshore of Oregon and Washington, United States. The particulate trace metal concentration in the leachate was determined by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. From this comparison, one chemical leach was chosen to best define the labile particulate fraction of Al, Fe, and Mn: a weak acid leach (25% acetic acid at pH 2) with a mild reducing agent (0.02 M hydroxylamine hydrochloride) and a short heating step (10 min 90–95°C). This leach was applied to three surface transects within the Columbia River plume. These coastal waters were found to be rich in labile particulate trace metals that are directly delivered from the Columbia River and indirectly supplied via resuspension from upwelling over a broad continental shelf.
Metastatic involvement of the heart in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma

Eight of 23 patients who succumbed with childhood rhabdomyosarcoma had metastases to the heart. Each of these eight patients had metastatic tumor in the visceral pericardium, and seven patients had metastases in the myocardium. These eight patients exhibited extensive involvement of the skull, long bones, lungs, lymph nodes, and bone marrow. In two of these eight patients, cardiac tumor with intractable congestive heart failure contributed to death. Three additional patients had pericardial effusions secondary to neoplasm. The presence of rhabdomyosarcoma cells in antemortem bone marrow aspirates was noted in each case associated with postmortem findings of extensive metastatic tumor, including metastases to the heart. Although the endocardium was frequently infiltrated by tumor, the conduction tissue was spared and ventricular activation usually occurred in a normal manner.
Infrared Quenching and Thermal Recovery of Thermally Stimulated Current Spectra in GaAs

Thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectra stimulated by infrared (hν≤1.12 eV) light at 90 K have been used to study the photoquenching and thermal recovery of several dominant TSC peaks in Ga‐rich, semi‐insulating GaAs. The filling‐pulse‐length dependence of the quenching for these traps, and the temperature dependence of their recovery are clearly identified with the ground‐to‐metastable state transition of EL2. The data are consistent with the traps having a direct association with EL2 or EL2* rather than an indirect association which could result from a change in the dominant‐free carriers as EL2 transforms to EL2*. If so, they likely are various point defects or impurities complexed with the arsenic antisite.
Continuous-wave light modulation at molecular frequencies

By using continuous-wave (CW)--stimulated Raman scattering inside a high-finesse cavity, we generate three CW spectral components covering about one octave of optical bandwidth. We investigate the mutual coherence of these three beams by studying phase-dependent second harmonic generation. From the high contrast of the observed interference fringes, we infer very good phase coherence across the spectrum and thereby infer the synthesis of a near single-cycle optical wave form.
Is CNS trauma a prerequisite for the elongation of CNS axons into denervated peripheral nerve

The demonstration that some central nervous system (CNS) axons can regenerate when provided with a suitable environment raises the possibility of new treatments for CNS injury. However, at present the conditions for optimal regeneration are not well understood. For example, the methods used in previous studies have entailed CNS trauma as part of the research protocol (e.g. that resulting from the implantation of peripheral nerve grafts), and so the role of neuronal or axonal injury in the regrowth observed has been difficult to establish. To determine whether such injury is necessary for the central reinnervation of denervated peripheral nerve, the L5 dorsal root has been chronically denervated in rats by freeze-thawing its dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and the root has been left attached to either traumatized or non-traumatized spinal cord. The trauma induced was quite mild, and resulted from several vertical insertions of a fine needle. Two to 4 months later, retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to label spinal neurons which sent axons into the denervated roots. HRP-labelled neurons were found in each of the spinal cords subjected to trauma, but no labelled neurons were observed in any of the non-traumatized cords. The number of HRP-labelled neurons in individual spinal cords was positively correlated with the degree of spinal cord trauma. We conclude first that the chronic and intimate presence of a denervated PNS tissue in continuity with the spinal cord is not, in itself, a sufficient stimulus to induce its reinnervation by CNS axons. Second, we conclude that under the conditions of this experiment CNS trauma is a prerequisite for the reinnervation of denervated peripheral nervous tissue by CNS axons.
Examining kinesin processivity within a general gating framework

Kinesin-1 is a dimeric motor that transports cargo along microtubules, taking 8.2-nm steps in a hand-over-hand fashion. The ATP hydrolysis cycles of its two heads are maintained out of phase by a series of gating mechanisms, which lead to processive runs averaging ~1 μm. A key structural element for inter-head coordination is the neck linker (NL), which connects the heads to the stalk. To examine the role of the NL in regulating stepping, we investigated NL mutants of various lengths using single-molecule optical trapping and bulk fluorescence approaches in the context of a general framework for gating. Our results show that, although inter-head tension enhances motor velocity, it is crucial neither for inter-head coordination nor for rapid rear-head release. Furthermore, cysteine-light mutants do not produce wild-type motility under load. We conclude that kinesin-1 is primarily front-head gated, and that NL length is tuned to enhance unidirectional processivity and velocity.
Spectroscopic and Computational Studies on [Ni(tmc)CH3]OTf: Implications for Ni−Methyl Bonding in the A Cluster of Acetyl-CoA Synthase

The five-coordinate high-spin (S = 1) Ni(2+) complex [Ni(tmc)CH(3)](+) (1) (tmc = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) serves as a model for a viable reaction intermediate of the A cluster of acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) in which the distal nickel center is methylated. Spectroscopic and density functional theory (DFT) computational studies afford a quantitative bonding description for 1 that reveals a highly covalent Ni-CH(3) bond. From a normal coordinate analysis of resonance Raman data obtained for 1, a value of k(Ni-C) = 1.44 mdyn/Angstroms is obtained for the Ni-C stretch force constant of this species. This value is smaller than k(Co)(-C) = 1.85 mdyn/Angstroms, which is reported for the Co-C stretch in the methylcobinamide cofactor (5) that serves as the methyl donor to the A cluster in the ACS catalytic cycle. Experimentally calibrated DFT computations on viable methylated A cluster models reveal that the methyl group binds to the proximal (Ni(p)) rather than the distal (Ni(d)) nickel center and afford a simple electronic argument for this preference. By correlating the experimental force constants with the computed bond orders of the M-C bonds in 1 and 5, the Ni(p)(2+)-CH(3) bond strength for an A cluster model with a square-planar Ni(p) conformation, which is the most probable structure of the methylated A cluster on the basis of steric and energetic considerations, is predicted to be similar to the Co(3+)-CH(3) bond strength in CH(3)-CoFeSP. This similarity could be a crucial thermodynamic prerequisite for the reversibility of the enzymatic transmethylation reaction.
Connotative Meaning of Adjective-Noun Combinations; Test of the Congruity Principle and Belief Congruence Models of Cognitive Interaction

Sunzmary.-Predictions of the connotative meaning of 10 adjective-noun combinations by the congruity principle and belief congruence were compared on the evaluative, potency, and activity semantic differential dimensions. Greater accuracy of predictions was found for belief congruence than for the congruity principle on all three dimensions. Errors of prediction, for either model, which did occur were generally attributable to underestimation of the effect of the adjective component on the meaning of the combination. These errors also tended to arise from underestimction of the effects of words rated toward the bad, strong, and passive ends of the evaluative, potency and activity semantic differential dimensions, respectively. Osgood, ed al. (1957, pp. 275-284) used the congruiry principle to predict the connotative meaning of adjective-noun combinations from the connotative meaning of the component words. This principle maintains that the meaning of the combination will be a compromise between the meanings of the component words, the relative influence of each component word being directly related to the magnitude of its polarity on semantic differential scales." Osgood, et al., combining eight adjectives with eight nouns in 64 combinations on each of three semzntic differential dimensions, found what they felt was reasonable accuracy of prediction by the congruity principle for the potency and activity dimensions but poorer accuracy of prediction for the evaluative dimension. The deviations from predictions which did occur mainly arose from underestimation of the effects of the adjective component, this underestimation being present in all three dimensions but most marked in the evaluative dimension. Also the deviations from prediction tended toward the bad, weak, and passive directions of the dimensions. The few deviations arising from the underestimation of the noun were restricted to strongly negative nouns. Rokeach and Rothman (1965), as an alternative to the congruity principle, 'The author is grateful to Bruce Weiss for collecting the data and for his assistance in dam analysis. The findings were reported in part at the 1967 Eastern Psychological Association meeting in Boston. The formula used by Osgoo6, ef 01. (1957, p. 278) for computing rhe meaning of the
A Longitudinal Analysis of Physical Activity among Foreign-born Individuals

The social and economic environment experienced after migration results in unique health behaviors among the foreign-born population. There is a dearth of literature with regard to this population's health practices and subsequent health outcomes. Using the behavioral model of health service utilization and drawing data from the panel study of income dynamics, this study constructs generalized estimating equations models to establish the determinants of physical activity among this population. The article concludes that health behaviors of the foreign-born differ from those of their U.S.-born peers. Data indicates distinctly unique factors that inform participation in moderate versus vigorous physical activities.
Virtual machines for enterprise desktop security

A virtual machine monitor (VMM) allows a single computer to run two or more operating systems at the same time. VMMs are relatively simple and are typically built to high assurance standards, which means that the quality of isolation provided by a virtual machine monitor is usually greater than that which can be achieved with a general-purpose operating system. This paper discusses how the flexibility afforded by multiple OS environments and the robust isolation provided by a virtual machine monitor can be used to improve client PC security. A prototype system is also described. This paper is neither a product announcement nor an official Microsoft position paper, but rather it is a discussion of interesting configuration options that can be constructed using existing Microsoft and third-party products: in this case two or more operating systems running in conjunction with a virtual machine monitor.
Physical aging in polymers and polymer composites: An analysis and method for time-aging time superposition

The ability to include the effects of physical aging is critical to the design of engineering structures involving advanced polymers and polymer composites. Physical aging, a phenomenon caused by material evolution towards thermodynamic equilibrium, is typically described by reducing short-term momentary compliance curves, via time-aging time superposition, into a predictive reference curve and shift factor function. This paper presents an analytic method based on error minimization for this data reduction task, and introduces the concept of a total reference curve as an alternative to choosing a single momentary curve for the reference. Four different predictive approaches are considered to determine the efficacy of the total reference concept, and whether vertical shifting is beneficial. For most of the materials studied, the total reference using horizontal shifting alone is the recommended method; in the few remaining cases, the total reference procedure with both horizontal and vertical shifting resulted in the best outcome.
Magmatic activity and plate motion during the latent stage of Midcontinent Rift development

The Keweenawan Midcontinent Rift of North America records signifi cant continental rifting between ca. 1110 and 1085 Ma, and preserves the most detailed paleomagnetic record of plate motion of any continent in Precambrian time. U/Pb dates from extrusive and intrusive rocks of the western Lake Superior Basin suggest a latent stage of reduced magmatic activity from ca. 1106 to 1100 Ma that places constraints on the dynamics of rift development and the record of plate motion. However, it has remained unclear whether this stage is a feature of the entire >2500-km-long rift. The succession of picritic and basaltic lava fl ows at Mamainse Point in the eastern Lake Superior Basin may be the most continuous and best exposed record of rift-related volcanism and magnetic reversals, but its age and duration relative to the latent stage has been uncertain due to a lack of radioisotopic dates. We present a weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U date of 1100.36 ± 0.25 Ma on zircon crystals isolated from a newly discovered tuff within the upper reversed polarity portion of the stratigraphy below the Great Conglomerate. This date indicates that eruptive activity at Mamainse Point continued during the interval of diminished magmatic activity in the western Lake Superior Basin. This result strengthens the chronostratigraphic framework of rift development while explaining the preservation of additional geomagnetic reversals at Mamainse Point and the record of progressively decreasing paleomagnetic inclination that is indicative of rapid paleogeographic change.
Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor mRNA in the vestibuloauditory system of the bullfrog

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin which has been suggested to play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the inner ear. In the present study, we investigated the expression of mRNAs of BDNF and its high-affinity receptor trkB in the vestibuloauditory system of the adult bullfrog. In situ hybridization was performed using riboprobes transcribed from Xenopus BDNF and trkB cDNA clones. BDNF mRNA was expressed in the sensory epithelia of the ampullary cristae, utricular and saccular maculae, lagena, and amphibian and basilar papillae. Strong hybridization for BDNF mRNA was also found in neuron somata of the vestibuloauditory nuclear complex. trkB mRNA was detected in the sensory epithelia of all vestibular and auditory endorgans. High levels of both BDNF and trkB mRNAs were found in vestibuloauditory ganglion cells. These results support the hypothesis that BDNF participates in the maintenance of vestibuloauditory neurons and may be important for the trophic regulation of vestibular and auditory sensory epithelia in this animal model.
Algal Response to Removal of the Invasive Cordgrass Spartina densiflora in a Salt Marsh at Humboldt Bay, California, USA

ABSTRACT: There are few published studies examining the effects of invasive vascular plants on cooccurring nonvascular species, despite the fact that photoautotrophic algae and cyanobacteria exist at the base of the marine food web. This study tested whether the removal of the invasive dense-flowered cordgrass (Spartina densiflora Brogn.) resulted in an increase in biomass of micro- and macroalgae in a salt marsh located in northern California. The site was sampled over a two-year time period, and percent cover of benthic algae was measured using a point-intercept technique in treated and control areas. Treatment consisted of selective mechanical removal of S. densiflora. The functional groups green filamentous and green sheet algae as well as diatoms and cyanobacteria were found. Growth peaks in algal biomass were significantly lower in the control compared to the treated areas. In addition, successional trends were observed in treated plots; green filamentous algae and diatoms were first to colonize, fo...
Role of Radiation Therapy in Parameningeal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Radiation therapy plays a crucial role in the management of children with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas. Because of the close proximity to the skull base, most lesions are not amenable to complete surgical resection without mutilation, and treatment has primarily been chemoradiation. Adequate radiotherapy dose, coverage of the tumor, and knowledge of potential areas of invasion are of paramount importance as demonstrated by early data from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group. The timing, dose, and treatment volume for parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas have evolved in the last 25 years in a continuous effort to find ways of maximizing local control while reducing possible late sequelae. Hyperfractionated radiation therapy is currently being tested against conventional dose radiation therapy for group III tumors. At present, approximately 70% of children treated for parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study are alive at 5 years compared with a 25% survival before the formation of multi-institutional cooperative group studies.
Memories of a 'decision-map': recall of a real-life decision

First-year students in college who had participated in a study of college-decision-making 8 to 20 months earlier were asked to recall the criteria they had used and the alternatives they had considered in making the decision. They were also asked to describe the criteria they thought, in retrospect, that they ought to have used, and to rate their satisfaction with the decision-making process and its outcome. Two hundred and seven of the original 322 participants responded to a follow-up questionnaire through the mail. Participants recalled about half of the criteria they originally reported using, and about two-thirds of the schools they originally reported considering. Their recall of criteria was affected by their current view of teh criteria they should have used, providing a replication for previous findings. No gender or academic ability effects were found. Somewhat surprisingly, given existing literature, recall was unaffected by emotional responses to the decision, either those reported during the decision-making process or those reported retrospectively. Overall, the pattern of results suggests that memory is affected by a decision-maker's current cognitive framework of the decision, specifically, their retrospective view of how they ought to have made the decision. Moreover, memory is far from perfect, even for stimuli that the decision-maker generated her- or himself, and to which presumably, they gave significant amounts of thought.
Sparse Covariance Matrix Estimation With Eigenvalue Constraints

We propose a new approach for estimating high-dimensional, positive-definite covariance matrices. Our method extends the generalized thresholding operator by adding an explicit eigenvalue constraint. The estimated covariance matrix simultaneously achieves sparsity and positive definiteness. The estimator is rate optimal in the minimax sense and we develop an efficient iterative soft-thresholding and projection algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. Empirically, we conduct thorough numerical experiments on simulated datasets as well as real data examples to illustrate the usefulness of our method. Supplementary materials for the article are available online.
Idiopathic oculomotor paresis in childhood

A young boy developed sixth nerve palsies at 4V2, 7, and 7V2 years of age. The last episode was accompanied by a partial external third nerve palsy. Variable orbital pain and a viral type illness accompanied each attack which cleared spontaneously with no residua within 2-8 weeks. This is the first reported instance of so-called 'benign idiopathic oculomotor palsy' with combined third and sixth nerve palsies.
Diversity of the Killer Cell Ig-Like Receptors of Rhesus Monkeys

Because the killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) have only been characterized in humans and chimpanzees, we do not have a full understanding of their evolutionary history. Therefore, cDNAs encoding the KIR molecules of five rhesus monkeys were characterized, and were found to differ from the KIR molecules identified in humans and chimpanzees. Whereas only one KIR2DL4 molecule is detected in humans and chimpanzees, two distinct KIR2DL4 homologues were identified in the monkeys. Although the two human KIR3DL molecules are limited in their polymorphism, the KIR3DL homologues in the monkeys were highly polymorphic. Up to five KIR3DL homologues were identified in each monkey that was studied, and eleven distinct KIR3DL molecules were detected in the five rhesus monkeys. Two novel families of KIR molecules were identified in the rhesus monkeys, KIR3DH and KIR1D. The KIR3DH molecules have three Ig domains, transmembrane domains homologous to KIR2DL4 molecules that contain an arginine, and short cytoplasmic domains. With these features, the KIR3DH molecules resemble the activating forms of the human KIR molecules. The KIR1D molecule encodes only one complete Ig domain before a frame-shift in the second Ig domain occurs, leading to early termination of the molecule. Multiple splice variants of KIR1D exist that encode at least one Ig domain, as well as transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. The extensive diversity of the rhesus monkey KIR3DL homologues and the novel KIR3DH and KIR1D molecules suggests that the KIR family of molecules has evolved rapidly during the evolution of primates.
Linear eddy modeling of reactant conversion and selectivity in turbulent flows

The linear eddy model (LEM) is used for statistical predictions of stationary, homogeneous turbulent flows under the influence of isothermal chemical reactions. Nonpremixed reacting systems are considered with two reaction mechanisms: a binary, irreversible single-step reaction A + B [yields] P; the series-parallel reaction A + B [yields] R, A + R [yields] P. In both systems, the influence of various flow parameters on the reactant conversion rate is elucidated. For the second reaction scheme, effects of the flow parameters on the selectivity'' are also investigated. The trends predicted by the LEM agree with those produced previously by direct numerical simulation (DNS) at moderate values of the Reynolds number, Schmidt number and Damkoehler number. An important feature of the LEM is its capability to extend the parameter range well beyond that currently attainable by DNS. The LEM generated results for a wide range of Schmidt and Damkoehler numbers are discussed as well as their effects on the selectivity. These results assess the performance of some of the existing closures for modeling of the selectivity. None of the closures are capable of reproducing the LEM results.
Purification and properties of a highly active organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Alteromonas undina

A highly active organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Alteromonas undina was purified to homogeneity and found to be composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 53,000. With diisopropylfluorophosphate as a substrate, the purified enzyme has a specific activity of approximately 575 mumol/min/mg of protein. The enzyme has optimum activity at pH 8.0 and 55 degrees C and is stimulated by sulfhydryl reducing agents and manganese. It is capable of rapidly hydrolyzing a wide range of nerve agents and several chromogenic phosphinates.
FRAGMENTATION OF THE MEDIAL MALLEOLUS OF DOGS WITH AND WITHOUT TARSAL OSTEOCHONDROSIS

Fragmentation of the medial malleolus of the tibia was found radiographically in 5 canine tarsi which did not have evidence of osteochondrosis of the medial trochlear ridge. An additional 5 tarsi were found where both medial malleolar fragmentation and osteochondrosis of the medial trochlear ridge were present. Radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease was present in 3 of 5 dogs with medial malleolar fragmentation alone, and 5 of 5 dogs with medial malleolar fragmentation and medial trochlear ridge osteochondrosis. Eight of the 9 dogs were Rottweilers. Considering the sites of occurrence of osteochondrosis in other species, the authors propose that medial malleolar fragmentation could be secondary to osteochondrosis of the medial malleolus. Osteochondrosis of the medial malleolus has not been previously reported in dogs. Histological examination of the medial malleolar fragmentation was unavailable because surgery was not performed, therefore the hypothesis that the medial malleolar fragmentation is due to osteochondrosis was not proven.
Using Fundamental Analysis to Assess Earnings Quality: Evidence from the Center for Financial Research and Analysis

We document post-event negative abnormal returns to the (implicit) sell recommendations of a group of fundamental analysts. We also find statistically significant deterioration in the financial performance of the identified firms in the year after the recommendations. Together the results are consistent with the claim of fundamental analysts that they are able to identify firms that are successfully masking operational problems with aggressive accounting. The sample in this study comprises 373 firms identified over a four-year period by the Center for Financial Research and Analysis (CFRA). The CFRA offers to subscribers a monthly report identifying approximately ten firms which CFRA claims are experiencing operational problems and particularly those that employ unusual or aggressive accounting practices to mask the problems. The CFRA analysts rely on traditional techniques of fundamental analysis, including mechanical screens and more time-consuming analyses of footnotes and other public disclosures. Their data sources include only publicly available information, primarily SEC filings. We conclude that CFRA's apparent success in identifying firms with deteriorating performance provides evidence about the usefulness of traditional financial statement analysis. The results also provide a strong rationale for future research to identify specific techniques of fundamental analysis that can be employed to detect operational problems masked by aggressive accounting practices.
Poincare sections and the R-L-diode circuit

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to Poincare sections, bifurcations, and a chaotic circuit. Poincare sections are described by examining a periodically forced system. Bifurcation analysis follows from the Poincare sections, and a few different types of bifurcations are mentioned. The use of these techniques is shown on the R-L-diode circuit.
MEASUREMENT OF PLASTICITY1

The object of this investigation was to devise a rational method and primary standard for measuring plasticity. Various methods suggested in the past were critically examined and found wanting. An apparatus was developed to measure the stress-strain relations of clays in shear and a few typical clays have been examined by this method. A definition is proposed for the unit of plasticity as follows: Index of plasticity = Total deformation at fracture in shear / Average stress beyond proportional limit The effect of addition of sand and powdered graphite has been noted and throws some light on the nature of plastic deformation.