cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Location, allocation, relocation: isolating adult tissue stem cells in three dimensions.

The literature on isolation of adult tissue stem cells is vast and disparate. To better organize the field, we redefine ‘isolation’, re-expressing it as the sum of three component vectors: location, allocation and relocation. Location is the isolation of stem cells in situ by anatomical features. Allocation is physical isolation by cell sorting. Relocation is isolation of the functional properties of a stem cell to regenerate its normal progeny when relocated to a new environment. Techniques for the allocation and relocation of stem cells from certain tissues (e.g. hematopoietic) are currently better defined than their location, whereas those of other tissues (e.g. mammary glands) have had recent advances along all three vectors. Yet another group (e.g. gastric glands), have stem cells with well characterized location, emerging techniques for allocation but still rudimentary techniques for relocation.
Terrestrial Planet Finder interferometer: architecture, mission design, and technology development

This overview paper is a progress report about the system design and technology development of two interferometer concepts studied for the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) project. The two concepts are a structurally-connected interferometer (SCI) intended to fulfill minimum TPF science goals and a formation-flying interferometer (FFI) intended to fulfill full science goals. Described are major trades, analyses, and technology experiments completed. Near term plans are also described. This paper covers progress since August 2003 and serves as an update to a paper presented at that month's SPIE conference, 'Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets.
Partial trisomy 6p and partial monosomy 9p from a de novo translocation 46, XY, ‐9, + DER(9)T(6:9)(p211:p24)

This report describes an adult male with a partial trisomy 6p(p211-pter) and a partial monosomy 9p(9p24-pter) resulting from a de novo unbalanced translocation. This patient does not show the classical featured of the 9p partial monosomy syndrome, thus disputing the claim of Hoo et al. (1982) that 9p24 is the critical segment for the monosomy syndrome. Partial trisomy for 6p has only been previously reported in children. In addition to the chromosomal anomalies, the patient has autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy with a different age of onset than two affected sibs. Finally, he shows unusual audiologic and ophthalmologic signs nor previously reported as part of the 9p monosomy or 6p trisomy syndromes.
Low temperature heat capacity study of FePO4 and Fe3(P2O7)2

Abstract The heat capacities of FePO4 and Fe3(P2O7)2 have been measured using a Quantum Design Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) over the temperature range from (2 to 300) K. The phase transition due to the Fe3+ magnetic ordering in FePO4 has been determined to occur at T = 25.0 K, which agrees well with magnetic measurements reported in the literature. For Fe3(P2O7)2, a Schottky anomaly and a four-peak phase transition have been found below 50 K. The thermodynamic functions, magnetic heat capacities, and magnetic entropies of these two compounds have been calculated based on curve fitting of the experimental heat capacity values. The standard molar entropy at T = 298.15 K has been obtained to be (122.21 ± 1.34) J · K−1 · mol−1 and (384.12 ± 4.23) J · K−1 · mol−1 for FePO4 and Fe3(P2O7)2, respectively.
Detection of Genetic Antigens utilizing Gamma Globulins coupled to Red Blood Cells

THE genetic antigens of the human gamma globulin system have been detected primarily by a haemagglutination inhibition reaction1. Anti-Gm or Inv antibodies from rare human sera are generally utilized in the test system together with Rh positive red cells coated by specific anti-Rh antibodies. This method has proved of considerable value but also has a number of important limitations. The finding that primate and rabbit antisera appropriately absorbed can replace the rare human sera eliminated one major defect in the system2,3. A second major problem has been the dependence on selected anti-Rh antibodies containing the specific genetic antigen required for red cell coating. This problem has been brought to the fore in recent attempts to discover new genetic markers for the subgroups of IgG as well as for IgM and IgA. In many instances incomplete anti-Rh coats could not be found which contained the specific type of protein required. For example, the Gm (n) antigen4, which was delineated recently for the IgG2 class* of proteins, could only be determined by relatively insensitive precipitation procedures because no suitable anti-Rh coat could be found.
Characterization of a Hooded Human Exposure Apparatus for Inhalation of Gases and Aerosols

A human exposure apparatus was designed to administer a gas and/or aerosol directly to the subject's face. This apparatus utilized a hood associated with a powered air-purifying respirator. The design criteria included the need to maximize subject comfort, maintain consistent atmospheres of a gas or dust within the hood, and the accurate use of direct-reading instruments to monitor exposure levels. An 83-L drum was used to pre-mix the gas or aerosol with the main dilution air prior to entering the hood worn by the subject. A clear plastic oxygen tent, ventilated with room exhaust air, was used to contain contaminants exiting the hood. Bypass valves were added to allow for a startup period during which contaminant concentration levels were allowed to stabilize prior to exposing the human subject. Results from characterization studies demonstrated that the system adequately contained contaminants within the oxygen tent, provided adequate mixing of contaminant and dilution air, produced stable contaminant co...
Strain differences in sympathetic-adrenal medullary responsiveness and behavior.

Three experiments confirmed and extended previous findings from this laboratory regarding strain differences in physiological and behavioral responses of rats to stressful stimulation. In the first experiment, adult male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats had greater plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine and higher mean arterial pressures following 5 min of intermittent footshock (2.0 mA, 0.5-sec duration, every 6 sec) compared to adult male Brown-Norway (B-N) rats. In contrast, basal plasma levels of both catecholamines and resting values of mean arterial pressure and heart rate did not differ between strains when rats were undisturbed in their home cages. The second experiment involved a behavioral comparison of adult male and female WKY and B-N rats during 3 consecutive daily tests in an open field arena. B-N males and females were dramatically more active and reared more frequently during each open field test compared to WKY rats. For the third experiment, adult male and female rats of the two strains were trained in a one-trial passive avoidance task and median crossover latencies were similar for all strain-sex comparisons. However, median 24-hr retention latencies were much greater for WKY male and female rats. These findings indicate that strain differences in the physiological and behavioral responses of WKY and B–N rats are consistent across sexes. Moreover, our studies with these inbred strains of rats provide a convenient model for examining the relationship between sympathetic-adrenal medullary activity and behavioral responses to stressful stimulation.
Helicon window below the absorption edge

Abstract It is pointed out in this letter that a helicon wave can propagate below the absorption edge for certain Fermi surfaces which have concave portions in their cross-sectional area.
Galapagos reptiles: Serum protein immunoelectrophoresis

1. 1. The serum proteins of five reptilian species found on the Galapagos Archipelago were studied by comparative immunoelectrophoresis. Included were two species of iguanas, Amblyrhynchus cristatus and Conolophus pallidus; one species of lava lizard, Tropidurus albermarlensis; one species of snake, Dromicus slevini; and two races of tortoise, Geochelone elephantopus vandeburghi, and Geochelone elephantopus hoodensis. 2. 2. The serum proteins of the iguanas and lava lizard cross-reacted extensively with anti-A. cristatus serum; those of Dromicus demonstrated intermediate activity while the serum proteins of Geochelone cross-reacted the least. 3. 3. These data reflect the traditionally established phylogenies of these groups.
Mechanical Stress and Network Structure Drive Protein Dynamics during Cytokinesis

Summary Cell-shape changes associated with processes like cytokinesis and motility proceed on several-second timescales but are derived from molecular events, including protein-protein interactions, filament assembly, and force generation by molecular motors, all of which occur much faster [1–4]. Therefore, defining the dynamics of such molecular machinery is critical for understanding cell-shape regulation. In addition to signaling pathways, mechanical stresses also direct cytoskeletal protein accumulation [5–7]. A myosin-II-based mechanosensory system controls cellular contractility and shape during cytokinesis and under applied stress [6, 8]. In Dictyostelium , this system tunes myosin II accumulation by feedback through the actin network, particularly through the crosslinker cortexillin I. Cortexillin-binding IQGAPs are major regulators of this system. Here, we defined the short timescale dynamics of key cytoskeletal proteins during cytokinesis and under mechanical stress, using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, to examine the dynamic interplay between these proteins. Equatorially enriched proteins including cortexillin I, IQGAP2, and myosin II recovered much more slowly than actin and polar crosslinkers. The mobility of equatorial proteins was greatly reduced at the furrow compared to the interphase cortex, suggesting their stabilization during cytokinesis. This mobility shift did not arise from a single biochemical event, but rather from a global inhibition of protein dynamics by mechanical-stress-associated changes in the cytoskeletal structure. Mechanical tuning of contractile protein dynamics provides robustness to the cytoskeletal framework responsible for regulating cell shape and contributes to cytokinesis fidelity.
Localization of vesicular monoamine transporter isoforms (VMAT1 and VMAT2) to endocrine cells and neurons in rat

Polyclonal antipeptide antibodies have been raised against each of the two isoforms of the rat vesicular monoamine transporter, VMAT1 and VMAT2. Antibody specificity was determined by isoform-specific staining of monkey fibroblasts programmed to express either VMAT1 or VMAT2. The expression of VMAT1 and VMAT2 in the diffuse neuroendocrine system of the rat has been examined using these polyclonal antibodies specific for either VMAT1 or VMAT2. VMAT1 is expressed exclusively in endocrine/paracrine cells associated with the intestine, stomach, and sympathetic nervous system. VMAT2 is expressed in neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, and aminergic neurons in the enteric and central nervous systems. VMAT2 is expressed in at least two endocrine cell populations in addition to its expression in neurons. A subpopulation of chromogranin A (CGA)-expressing chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla also express VMAT2, and the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach contains a prominent population of CGA- and VMAT2-positive endocrine cells. The expression of VMAT2 in neurons, and the mutually exclusive expression of VMAT1 and VMAT2 in endocrine/paracrine cell populations of stomach, intestine, and sympathetic nervous system may provide a marker for, and insight into, the ontogeny and monoamine-secreting capabilities of multiple neuroendocrine sublineages in the diffuse neuroendocrine system.
The vibrating head magnetometer--Instrument for the measurement of magnetic transitions in high coercive force films

The magnetization pattern recorded in high coercive force media, such as magnetic tapes or discs, is measured with the vibrating head magnetometer (VHM) by vibrating a recording head parallel to the surface of the medium and along the track length. The VHM can be used with small, irregular-shaped samples. It can be used to measure precisely the shape of recorded magnetic transitions. Application of the VHM to the precise location of dropouts on prerecorded samples and to the alignment of a recording head with respect to a prerecorded track is described. Measurements have been made with the VHM of the half peak width and relative peak signal of isolated transitions in Co alloy films. The half peak width was found to be proportional to (t/H_{c})^{0.5} .
Collective behavior of a population of chemically coupled oscillators.

Experiments are performed in which a large number (∼104) of relaxation oscillators are globally coupled through the concentration of chemicals in the surrounding solution. Each oscillator consists of a microscopic catalyst-loaded particle that displays oscillations in the concentrations of chemical species when suspended in catalyst-free Belousov−Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction solution. In the absence of stirring, the uncoupled particles display a range of oscillatory frequencies. In the well-stirred system, oscillations appear in the surrounding solution for greater than a critical number density of particles (ncrit). There is a growth in the amplitude of oscillations with increasing n, accompanied by a slight increase or no change in frequency. A model is proposed to account for the behavior, in which the transfer of activator and inhibitor to and from the bulk medium is considered for each particle. We demonstrate that the appearance and subsequent growth in the amplitude of oscillations may be associated w...
Stringy cosmic strings and axion cohomology.

The static stationary axially symmetric background («infinite cosmic string») of the D = 4 string theory provided with an axion charge is studied in the effective theory approach. The most general exact solution is constructed. It is found that the Kalb-Ramond axion charge, present in the string topology R 3 × S 1 , produces nontrivial gravitational field configurations which feature horizons. The corresponding «no-hair» theorems are proved, which stress the uniqueness of black strings. The connection of the solutions with the gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten-Novikov σ model constructions on the world sheet is discussed since they are the only target spaces which hide their singularities behind horizons, and thus obey the cosmic censorship conjecture
Neural origin of evoked potentials during thalamic deep brain stimulation

Closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems could provide automatic adjustment of stimulation parameters and improve outcomes in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. The ...
Soybean Development and Yield as Affected by Three Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted during 3 yr at four locations in Illinois and three locations in Iowa to evaluate the influence of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] planting date and postemergence herbicide application timing on soybean injury and grain yield. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at 1120 g a.e. ha -1 did not cause visual soybean injury or reduce yield. Acifluorfen [5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoro-methyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid] at 420 g a.i. ha -1 , and imazethapyr [2-[4,5-hydro-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid] at 70 g a.i. ha -1 caused visual soybean injury at 5 to 7 and 21 to 24 d after herbicide application (DAA). Overall soybean injury was greater with the late planting date compared with the early planting date. Chlorosis and stunting at 5 to 7 DAA was greater from acifluorfen and imazethapyr at the early (V2-V3 soybean stage) compared with the late (V5-V6 soybean stage) application timing. Imazethapyr and acifluorfen reduced soybean leaf area index by 5.7 to 14.3% and soybean height by 4.1 to 8.3% at 21 to 24 DAA. Soybean yield was reduced 1.5 and 2.1% by acifluorfen and imazethapyr, respectively, compared with the no-herbicide/weed-free plots. Soybean yield averaged across herbicide treatment and application timing was reduced 11% with the late planting date compared with the early planting date.
Air core coils for deflecting micron-size electron beams

Bobbin-type air core coils have been designed and experimentally evaluated for astigmatic properties in line scan operation over deflection angles of ± 20°. The approximate design technique is successful in specifying the proper operating focal distance when this is comparable to the coil length. Line fields in excess of 20 000 spot diameters have been measured using a 10 kV beam having a 5 × 10-3radian convergence half-angle.
CEMENT-MATRIX COMPOSITES FOR SMART STRUCTURES

Cement-matrix composites for smart structures are reviewed. The functions include strain sensing, damage sensing, temperature sensing, thermoelectricity, vibration reduction and radio wave reflection. The functions are rendered by the use of admixtures, such as short carbon fibers, short steel fibers and silica fume.
Control of tip-vortex noise of axial flow fans by rotating shrouds

Noise and performance tests were conducted on a low tip speed, half-stage, axial flow fan such as is used in automotive applications. The purpose of the tests was to determine the characteristics, relative importance, and the methods of control of the tip clearance noise of the fan. The fan was 356 mm in diameter and had eight equally spaced blades. The noise measurements were made in both free field and reverberant field environments and the fan backpressure and speed were varied during the tests. An acenaphthene coating on the blades was used to determine the regions of laminar and turbulent flow and smoke was used to visualize the blade-tip flow patterns. Tip clearance noise was shown to contribute up to 15 dB in overall noise level over the entire fan operating range for tip clearances of the order of 3–4% of the blade chord and larger. Large clearances result in a significant (∼10%) drop in fan peak efficiency. Essentially, tip clearance noise is due to interactions of the blade tip vortex with the trailing edge of the blade and with the leading edge of the following blade. A properly contoured, rotating ring-shroud attached to the fan tips was found to be a practical method of controlling tip clearance noise. For example, with a clearance of 6·5% of the chord length, the noise level with the ring-shroud was as much as 12 dB lower than in the fixed shroud case with the same clearance.
XAS spectroscopy, sulfur, and the brew within blood cells from Ascidia ceratodes.

Abstract We report the first use of K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as a direct spectroscopic probe of pH and cytosolic emf within living cells. A new accuracy metric of model-based fits to K-edge spectra is further developed. Sulfur functional groups in three collections of living blood cells and one sample of cleared blood plasma from the tunicate Ascidia ceratodes were speciated using K-edge XAS. Cysteine and cystine, the preferred thiol–disulfide model, averaged about 12% of total sulfur. Sulfate monoesters and cyclic diesters unexpectedly constituted 36% of blood cell sulfur. Soluble sulfate averaged about 25% across the three blood cell samples, while the ratio of SO 4 2 − to HSO 4 − implied average signet ring vacuolar pH values of 0.85, 1.4, or 3.1. Intracellular (VSO 4 ) + was unobserved, while [V(RSO 3 ) n ] (3 − n )+ was detected in the two lowest pH blood cell samples. About 5% of sulfur was distributed as mono- or dibenzothiophene or ethylene-epi-sulfide, or as a thiadiazole reminiscent of the polycarpathiamines. Blood plasma was dominated by sulfate (83%), but with 15% of an alkylsulfate ester and about 2% of low-valent sulfur. Gravimetric analysis of soluble sulfate yielded average concentrations of blood cell sulfur. Average [cysteine] and [cystine] (ranging ~ 10–30 mM and ~ 20–90 mM, respectively) implied blood-cell cytosolic emf values of approximately − 0.20 V. High cellular [cysteine] is consistent with the proposed model for enzymatic reduction of vanadate by endogenous thiol, wherein the trajectory of metal site-symmetry is controlled and directed through to a thermodynamically favored 7-coordinate V(III) product.
Vervet Monkey Grandmothers: Effects On Mother-Infant Relationships

Mother-infant behaviour among captive socially-living vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) was studied throughout the first six months of the infants' live for 21 dyads with maternal grandmothers present in the group and 15 dyads without grandmothers. The presence of a grandmother significantly influenced the mother-infant relationship. In dyads with grandmothers, mothers were less protective: they spent less time in contact with their infants, were less restrictive of their infant's movements, and played a lesser role in establishing and maintaining contact, compared to dyads without grandmothers. Infants with grandmothers were more independent: they spent more time away from their mothers (beyond 1 meter) and actively approached and left their mothers at an earlier age, compared to infants without grandmothers. These results demonstrate that grandmothers have an important and continuing effect on their adult daughter's behavior and reproduction.
Rewriting Codes for Flash Memories

Flash memory is a nonvolatile computer memory comprising blocks of cells, wherein each cell can take on q different values or levels. While increasing the cell level is easy, reducing the level of a cell can be accomplished only by erasing an entire block. Since block erasures are highly undesirable, coding schemes-known as floating codes (or flash codes) and buffer codes-have been designed in order to maximize the number of times that information stored in a flash memory can be written (and rewritten) prior to incurring a block erasure. An (n,k,t)q flash code ℂ is a coding scheme for storing k information bits in n cells in such a way that any sequence of up to t writes can be accommodated without a block erasure. The total number of available level transitions in n cells is n(q-1), and the write deficiency of ℂ, defined as δ(ℂ)=n(q-1)-t, is a measure of how close the code comes to perfectly utilizing all these transitions. In this paper, we show a construction of flash codes with write deficiency O(q k log k) if q ≥ log2 k, and at most O(klog2k) otherwise. An (n,r,l,t)q buffer code is a coding scheme for storing a buffer of r l-ary symbols such that for any sequence of t symbols, it is possible to successfully decode the last r symbols that were written. We improve upon a previous upper bound on the maximum number of writes t in the case where there is a single cell to store the buffer. Then, we show how to improve a construction by Jiang that uses multiple cells, where n ≥ 2r.
Self-organization of a mesh hierarchy for smart grid monitoring in outage scenarios

Current hierarchical communication infrastructure in the smart grid is not robust for data collection from smart meters during outages. In this work, we propose a self-organizing multi-channel wireless communication framework to aid in data collection for smart grid health monitoring. Our proposed self-organization consists of two stages. First, smart meters form local mesh clusters by flattening the provisioned hierarchy. Second, the clusters interconnect to provide mesh connectivity from the outage region to functioning regions of the grid. We propose to construct this mesh-of-meshes hierarchy using a cross-layer strategy. The strategy jointly considers medium access limitations and the asymmetric traffic flow that becomes more heavy near the edges of the outage area. Our design framework allows an operator to plan network deployment, spectrum management, and medium access to perform as needed during an outage.
Practical Model for the Calculation of Multiply Scattered Lidar Returns

An equation to predict the intensity of the multiply scattered lidar return is presented. Both the scattering cross section and the scattering phase function can be specified as a function of range. This equation applies when the cloud particles are larger than the lidar wavelength. This approximation considers photon trajectories with multiple small-angle forward-scattering events and one large-angle scattering that directs the photon back toward the receiver. Comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations, exact double-scatter calculations, and lidar data demonstrate that this model provides accurate results.
Electronic and geometric structure of the diatomics ScN, ScP and ScAs

Abstract The ground and low-lying excited states of ScN, ScP and ScAs have been studied at the MCSCF and MCSCF + 1 + 2 level. They all have a triply bonded 1Σ+ ground state and several low-lying boubly bonded states of 3Σ+, 1Π and 3Π symmetry. The calculated bond energies (relative to the ground state atoms) and bond lengths of the 1Σ+ states are ScN (2.72 eV, 1.768 A) ScP (1.54 eV, 2.277 A) and ScAs (1.36 eV, 2.389 A). Our calculated bond length for ScN is in reasonable agreement with the experimental result (1.695 A) of Ram and Bernath. The 3Σ+ state which has two π bonds and no σ bond is 0.33 eV above the 1Σ+ in ScN and 0.80 and 0.87 eV in ScP and ScAs.
Antisense Oligonucleotide Directed to Human Apolipoprotein B-100 Reduces Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Oxidized Phospholipids on Human Apolipoprotein B-100 Particles in Lipoprotein(a) Transgenic Mice

Background— Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a genetic cardiovascular risk factor that preferentially binds oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) in plasma. There is a lack of therapeutic agents that reduce plasma Lp(a) levels. Methods and Results— Transgenic mice overexpressing human apolipoprotein B-100 (h-apoB-100 [h-apoB mice]) or h-apoB-100 plus human apo(a) to generate genuine Lp(a) particles [Lp(a) mice] were treated with the antisense oligonucleotide mipomersen directed to h-apoB-100 mRNA or control antisense oligonucleotide for 11 weeks by intraperitoneal injection. Mice were then followed up for an additional 10 weeks off therapy. Lp(a) levels [apo(a) bound to apoB-100] and apo(a) levels [“free” apo(a) plus apo(a) bound to apoB-100] were measured by chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunoassay and commercial assays, respectively. The content of OxPL on h-apoB-100 particles (OxPL/h-apoB) was measured by capturing h-apoB-100 in microtiter wells and detecting OxPL by antibody E06. As expected, mipomersen significa...
Protein composition of purified chitosomes ofMucor rouxii

Abstract Different centrifugation conditions were compared for purification of chitosomes (microvesicles containing chitin synthetase). Isopycnic centrifugation of crude chitosome samples from yeast cells of Mucor rouxii on sucrose density gradients, in a vertical rotor, yielded chitosomes of higher purity than before. About 90–96% of the chitin synthetase in purified chitosomes was zymogenic. We estimated that the chitosome population of the yeast form of M. rouxii comprises a miniscule portion (0.17%) of the total cell protein. The polypeptide composition of purified chitosomes was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Prominent polypeptide bands were found at 16, 18, 28, 30, 32, 44, 47, and 55 kDa. The 55-kDa polypeptide was most conspicuous. There were also minor bands at 25, 26, 42, 60, 67, and 80 kDa. Our findings show that highly purified populations of chitosomes consist of microvesicles with a characteristic size range, buoyant density, and a complex polypeptide composition.
A COMPARISON OF ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE RESISTANCE OF STRAINS B AND B/R OF ESCHERICHIA COLI TO RADIATION AND TO FURACIN.

Abstract 1. 1. Strains B and B/r of Escherichia coli have been grown in both complete and synthetic media to determine whether the resistance to Furacin could be modified by the conditions of culture. 2. 2. Similar experiments have also been carried out to test whether the resistance to ultraviolet irradiation could be affected by the cultural conditions. 3. 3. The results show (a) that it is possible to eliminate in part the difference in sensitivity to radiation between the two strains, (b) that the sensitivity to Furacin cannot be modified by alteration of the cultural conditions. 4. 4. It is suggested that this difference between the pattern of resistance to radiation and that to Furacin might be due to two different sequences of pathways in the phenotypic expression of the mutation.
Case Series: Inhaled Coral Vapor—Toxicity in a Tank

Introduction Palytoxin (PTX) is considered a severe marine toxin. Although rare, reports of human exposure from consumption of PTX have described significant morbidity and mortality. PTX is the suspected agent in Haff disease, in which rhabdomyolysis occurs within 24 h of eating contaminated fish such as buffalo fish. PTX is primarily present in soft corals or in dinoflagellates, and it can contaminate crustaceans and other fish as it bioaccumulates up the food chain. Only 23 cases have been reported in the USA, including two recent cases in New York City. Reports of inhalational exposure to PTX are uncommon.
Results of a Second-Generation Constrained Condylar Prosthesis in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

This is a prospective study of the results of a second-generation modular constrained condylar knee (CCK) prosthesis in primary total knee arthroplasty. Of 418 consecutive total knee arthroplasties performed by 1 surgeon, a second-generation modular CCK prosthesis was indicated for intraoperative stability in 30 knees (7.2%). Three knees were lost to follow-up, and 27 knees had a mean follow-up time of 5.4 years (range, 2-11.5 years). All tibial components had a cemented 35-mm stem extension, and 26 femoral components had a 100-mm uncemented stem extension. The indication for use of the CCK components was most commonly severe valgus deformity and incompetent medial collateral ligament. There were no revisions for loosening, patella problems, or tibial post fracture. A lateral retinacular release of the patella was performed in 6 knees (22%). An asymptomatic, minimally displaced patella fracture was noted in 2 knees (7.4%). Constrained condylar knees are used infrequently now but are successful for the treatment of the unstable primary knee that cannot be balanced. These results may be design specific.
The structure of basic human rights

This paper offers a theory of the structure of basic human rights which is both compatible with and clarificatory of the traditional conception of such rights. A central contention of the theory is that basic rights are structurally different from other kinds of moral rights, such as “special rights,” because of differences both in the way in which basic rights have content and the model on which basic rights are correlative with duties. This contention is exploited to develop and defend the central thesis of the theory, namely that basic human rights are bundles of mutually held “active” rights enjoyed by persons in virtue of the specifiable moral relationships they bear to each other.
Expression of kyphosis in young pigs is induced by a reduction of supplemental vitamin D in maternal diets and vitamin D, Ca, and P concentrations in nursery diets.

Kyphosis is an idiopathic disease characterized by abnormal, outward spinal curvature. A spontaneous outbreak and subsidence of kyphosis over a 4-mo period in the University of Wisconsin Swine Research and Teaching Center herd coincided with an accidental omission of vitamin D 3 in 1 of 2 premixes used in sow diets. This controlled experiment was conducted to determine whether vitamin D deletion from premixes used in sow diets would induce kyphosis in their offspring. Crossbred (Landrace × Large White), multiparous sows (n = 8) were fed corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with either 325 IU vitamin D 3 /kg (+D) or 45 IU vitamin D 3 /kg (-D) diet from breeding through lactation. The vitamin D concentrations duplicated formulations of diets fed during the earlier spontaneous outbreak. At weaning (approximately 4 wk), pigs were fed diets devoid of supplemental vitamin D and formulated to supply either 120% of the Ca and P requirements (HCaP) or 80% of the Ca and P requirements (LCaP) until wk 9. At wk 9, all pigs were fed the HCaP diet until wk 13. No evidence of kyphosis was observed in pigs at weaning. Pigs produced by -D sows and fed LCaP diets exhibited a 17% incidence (4/23 pigs) of kyphosis at wk 9. At wk 13, the incidence of kyphosis had increased to 32% (6/19 pigs). Unexpectedly at wk 13, pigs produced by +D sows and fed LCaP diets exhibited a 26% incidence (5/19 pigs) of kyphosis. None of the pigs fed HCaP diets from wk 4 to 13 displayed kyphosis, regardless of maternal diets. Evidence of kyphosis was detected at a younger age if pigs were produced by sows fed -D diets. Whole body and femur bone mineral content determined with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry were reduced (P < 0.05) in pigs fed LCaP vs. HCaP diets, but pigs produced by -D sows were more severely affected. Femur bending moments were reduced (P < 0.05) at wk 9 and 13 in pigs fed LCaP vs. HCaP diets. At wk 13, pigs produced by -D sows and fed LCaP diets had reduced (P < 0.05) bone mineral density and femur yield bending moment compared with pigs from +D sows fed LCaP diets. In conclusion, the 20 to 30% incidence of kyphosis induced by altering vitamin D, Ca, and P concentrations in maternal and nursery diets mimics the incidence observed in spontaneous outbreaks in affl icted herds. A reproducible vitamin D-induced kyphosis in young pigs offers a suitable model to study skeletal tissue characteristics, fetal skeletal tissue development, and potential treatments for pigs and human patients affl icted by this disease.
Near-diffraction-limited high power (~ 1 W) single longitudinal mode CW diode laser tunable from 960 to 980 nm

The authors report near-diffraction-limited high power (~1 W), single longitudinal mode emission from a 960 – 980 nm tunable CW diode laser, consisting of an unstable resonator tapered amplifier structure in a grating-tuned external cavity. > 3 W output powers were obtained near the gain peak (~970 nm) from the grating-tuned diode laser in a quasi-CW mode (500 µs, 100 Hz) of operation.
A Revised Reading of a Nabataean Inscription from Umm Al-Jimāl

A new reading and interpretation are proposed for line two of a Nabataean inscription from Umm al-Jimal that was recently published in this journal by S. Said and M. al-Hamad (JSS 48 [2003], 29-34).
Amino acid sequence homology between ligands and their receptors: potential identification of binding sites.

Abstract Mice were immunized with α-bungarotoxin (BGT), a nearly irreversible antagonist of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR), to produce monoclonal antabodies (Mabs). One of the Mabs (JMC2.7) bound not only to BGT, but to the AChR as well. To understand the molecular basis for this novel cross-reaction, the amino acid sequences of these proteins were searched for areas of similarity which might constitute the shared epitope. A number of short segments of sequence homology were found, one of them representing the BGT-binding site of the AChR. Because a portion of BGT resembles that part of the AChR that binds toxin, the self-binding of BGT was evaluated. As shown here, BGT binds specifically to itself to form dimers. In order to extend these observations, other ligand-receptor pairs were examined for sequence homology. The sodium channel and α-scorpion toxins were found to have distinct areas of similarity, as do interleukin 2 (IL-2) and the IL-2 receptor. As a general principle, we propose that peptide ligands and their receptors may often share amino acid sequence homology. In fact, the sites of interaction between two proteins may largely be determined by these regions of similarity.
An interconnection network for distributed recursive computations

Distributed computations may be viewed as a set of communicating processes. If such a computation is to be executed by a multiprocessor system, the processes have to be distributed over the processors, and the communications have to be distributed over a network. This leads to the questions of load balancing and message routing. The authors consider distributed recursive computations and propose a class of interconnection networks that admits a homogeneous distribution of processes and trivial routing. A subclass that admits a planar embedding of the network is identified. >
A Study of Teacher Efficacy of Special Education Teachers of English Language Learners With Disabilities

Abstract This study examined the teacher efficacy of special education teachers of English language learners (ELLs) with disabilities by surveying 202 elementary special education teachers. Overall participant teacher efficacy scores were high. No statistically significant differences in efficacy scores were found for levels of teacher preparation, number of years of teaching experience, or socioeconomic status of the students. A statistically significant difference in perceived efficacy was found with self-reported proficiency in the language of the students. In addition, a multiple regression analysis indicated that proficiency in the language of the students accounted for significant variance in predicting the level of teachers' perceived efficacy. Responses to the open-ended questions about what was most helpful when working with ELLs with disabilities yielded two major themes: organizational issues and teacher issues. The results demonstrate the positive correlation between proficiency in the languag...
Reactivity of linked metal units: The thermal decomposition of derivatives of iron containing multiple alkylmetal groups

Abstract The results of thermal decomposition studies of derivatives of iron containing multiple alkylmetal groups (CH 3 ) 2 Si[η 5 -C 5 H 4 Fe(CO) 2 C 5 H 11 ] 2 (I), {(CH 3 ) 2 Si[η 5 -C 5 H 4 Fe(CO) 2 ] 2 (CH 2 ) 5 } 2 (II) and [η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 ] 2 (CH 2 ) 5 (III) are presented and compared with the results obtained for η 5 -C 5 H 5 Fe(CO) 2 C 5 H 11 (IV). Compounds II and III are found to produce principally 1-pentene and therefore do not decompose principally by a β-hydrogen elimination steps. Compound I decomposes principally by a β-hydrogen elimination process but produces significantly more pentane in its reactions than does IV.
Algebraic method for parameter identification of circuit models for batteries under non-zero initial condition

Abstract This paper presents an algebraic method for parameter identification of Thevenin's equivalent circuit models for batteries under non-zero initial condition. In traditional methods, it was assumed that all capacitor voltages have zero initial conditions at the beginning of each charging/discharging test. This would require a long rest time between two tests, leading to very lengthy tests for a charging/discharging cycle. In this paper, we propose an algebraic method which can extract the circuit parameters together with initial conditions. This would theoretically reduce the rest time to 0 and substantially accelerate the testing cycles.
A peptide sequence on carcinoembryonic antigen binds to a 80kD protein on kupffer cells

Abstract Clearance of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from the circulation is by binding to Kupffer cells in the liver. We have shown that CEA binding to Kupffer cells occurs via a peptide sequence YPELPK representing amino acids 107–112 of the CEA sequence. This peptide sequence is located in the region between the N-terminal and the first immunoglobulin like loop domain. Using native CEA and peptides containing this sequence complexed with a heterobifunctional crosslinking agent and ligand blotting with biotinylated CEA and NCA we have shown binding to an 80kD protein on the Kupffer cell surface. This binding protein may be important in the development of hepatic metastases.
Measurements of Grain Boundary Trap Density and Hydrogen Diffusivity in Polycrystalline Silicon FET’s

Hydrogen diffusion in as-deposited and in oxidation-annealed polycrystalline silicon films was investigated using n-type accumulation-mode MOSFET’s. The diffusion was studied by measuring the reduction in the grain boundary trap density with hydrogenation time. The number of traps in fully hydrogenated as-deposited films fell to about 45% of the initial trap state density and fell to about 20% in the oxidized-annealed films. Concurrently, the mobility increased about 95 % to 5cm2/Vs in the as-deposited films and by about 55 % to 25 cm2/Vs in the oxidized polysilicon devices. The effective preexponential diffusion coefficient and activation energy for hydrogen diffusion in the two different films were Do= 5.4x10−10 cm2/s and EA= 0.37 eV for the as-deposited polysilicon and Do=2.1x10−10 cm2/s and EA= 0.36 eV for the oxidized polysilicon.
Initial interaction of apoA-I with ABCA1 impacts in vivo metabolic fate of nascent HDL

We investigated the in vivo metabolic fate of pre-beta HDL particles in human apolipoprotein A-I transgenic (hA-I (Tg)) mice. Pre-beta HDL tracers were assembled by incubation of [(125)I]tyramine cellobiose-labeled apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with HEK293 cells expressing ABCA1. Radiolabeled pre-beta HDLs of increasing size (pre-beta1, -2, -3, and -4 HDLs) were isolated by fast-protein liquid chromatography and injected into hA-I (Tg)-recipient mice, after which plasma decay, in vivo remodeling, and tissue uptake were monitored. Pre-beta2, -3, and -4 had similar plasma die-away rates, whereas pre-beta1 HDL was removed 7-fold more rapidly. Radiolabel recovered in liver and kidney 24 h after tracer injection suggested increased (P < 0.001) liver and decreased kidney catabolism as pre-beta HDL size increased. In plasma, pre-beta1 and -2 were rapidly (<5 min) remodeled into larger HDLs, whereas pre-beta3 and -4 were remodeled into smaller HDLs. Pre-beta HDLs were similarly remodeled in vitro with control or LCAT-immunodepleted plasma, but not when incubated with phospholipid transfer protein knockout plasma. Our results suggest that initial interaction of apoA-I with ABCA1 imparts a unique conformation that partially determines the in vivo metabolic fate of apoA-I, resulting in increased liver and decreased kidney catabolism as pre-beta HDL particle size increases.
Quantification of the spatio-temporal variations in hydrologic connectivity of small-scale topographic surfaces under various rainfall conditions

Summary Land surfaces are generally not smooth and show certain irregularity. Overland flow on such surfaces is essentially discontinuous and exhibits strong variability and complexity. Modeling of the spatio-temporal variability and heterogeneity of overland flow and the hydrotopographic effects has been proven to be a challenge. The objective of this study is to quantitatively describe the intrinsic spatio-temporal variations in hydrologic connectivity associated with overland flow generation. Firstly, a puddle-to-puddle (P2P) hydrologic connectivity concept was proposed to characterize runoff generation processes and the related spatio-temporal dynamics. Secondly, a laboratory overland flow experiment was conducted to characterize the dynamic puddle filling and spilling processes, hydrologic connectivity, and outlet discharge. Thirdly, a conceptual P2P model was applied to simulate the P2P overland flow dynamics, calculate flow discharge, and track the evolution of hydrologically connected areas. Particularly, two modified hydrologic connectivity indices, time-varying connectivity function and connectivity length, were proposed to characterize the properties and dynamic changes in hydrologic connectivity. Furthermore, the influences of surface topography, rainfall, and surface slope on hydrologic connectivity were evaluated. The proposed hydrologic connectivity indices effectively revealed the variability and the threshold behavior of overland flow generation. It was demonstrated that the dynamic P2P processes governed hydrologic connectivity, controlled surface runoff generation, and altered the flow drainage patterns. Temporal variations of rainfall intensity changed the occurrence timing of the P2P dynamics and evolution of connected areas, while spatial variations of rainfall intensity directly influenced the overall development of hydrologic connectivity of a hydrologic system. Surface slope showed considerable influences on hydrologic connectivity. The results suggested that critical slope(s) could exist, at which a sharp change in flow drainage area and hydrologic connectivity occurred.
Self-healing control flow protection in sensor applications

Since sensors do not have a sophisticated hardware architecture or an operating system to manage code for safety, attacks injecting code to exploit memory-related vulnerabilities can present threats to sensor applications. In a sensor's simple memory architecture, injected code can alter the control flow of a sensor application to either misuse existing routines or download other malicious code to achieve attacks. To protect the control flow, this paper proposes a self-healing scheme that can detect attacks attempting to alter the control flow and then recover sensor applications to normal operations with minimum overhead. The self-healing scheme embeds diversified protection code at particular locations to enforce access control in program memory. Both the access control code and the recovery code are designed to be resilient to control flow attacks that attempt to evade the protection. Furthermore, the self-healing scheme directly processes application code at the machine instruction level, instead of performing control or data analysis on source code. The implementation and evaluation show that the self-healing scheme is lightweight in protecting sensor applications.
Compressibility and Leading-Edge Bluntness Effects for a 65 Deg Delta Wing

A 65 deg. delta wing has been tested in the National Transonic Facility (NTF) at mean aerodynamic chord Reynolds numbers from 6 million to 120 million at subsonic and transonic speeds. The configuration incorporated a systematic variation of the leading edge bluntness. The analysis for this paper is focused on the compressibility and bluntness effects primarily at a Reynolds number of 6 million from this data set. Emphasis is placed upon on the onset and progression of leading-edge vortex separation, and compressibility is shown to promote this separation. Comparisons with recent publications show that compressibility and Reynolds number have opposite effects on blunt leading edge vortex separation
Precise measurement of the charge-distribution differences of the oxygen isotopes

Abstract The charge form factors of 17O and 18O have been measured by electron scattering, and the charge-distribution differences between these nuclei and 16O have been extracted. The spherical part of the 17O distribution is very close to that of 16O while the 18O distribution is substantially different.
An Investigation of the Lunar Semidiurnal Tide in the Atmosphere.

Abstract Surface observations of the lunar semidiurnal tidal oscillations in geopotential height (at equator: amplitude ≈65 cm, phase lag ≈3O min), temperature (at Batavia: amplitude ≈0.008 K, phase lag ≈46 min), and wind (at Mauritius: amplitude U ≈ 1 cm sec−1, V ≈ 1.2 cm sec−1, phase lags: U ≈ 7⅔, V ≈ 3 hr) are presented. At most locations the tidal oscillation in surface pressure is observed to vary annually such that the amplitude remains relatively constant throughout the year while the phase lag varies so that it reaches maximum values during the months November–February and minimum values during the months May–August [November–February: amplitude (at equator) ≈ 61 cm, phase lag ≈ 1⅓ hr; May–August: amplitude (at equator) ≈ 72 cm, phase lag ≈ ⅓ hr]. The equations of tidal theory with Newtonian cooling are derived starting with the usual equations of dynamic meteorology. Data on the stability of the atmosphere indicate that seasonal variations in mesospheric temperatures act in the summer months to c...