cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer complexity: implications of intratumoral heterogeneity in clinical management

Generation of intratumoral phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity has been attributed to clonal evolution and cancer stem cells that together give rise to a tumor with complex ecosystems. Each ecosystem contains various tumor cell subpopulations and stromal entities, which, depending upon their composition, can influence survival, therapy responses, and global growth of the tumor. Despite recent advances in breast cancer management, the disease has not been completely eradicated as tumors recur despite initial response to treatment. In this review, using data from clinically relevant breast cancer models, we show that the fates of tumor stem cells/progenitor cells in the individual tumor ecosystems comprising a tumor are predetermined to follow a limited (unipotent) and/or unlimited (multipotent) path of differentiation which create conditions for active generation and maintenance of heterogeneity. The resultant dynamic systems respond differently to treatments, thus disrupting the delicate stability maintained in the heterogeneous tumor. This raises the question whether it is better then to preserve stability by preventing takeover by otherwise dormant ecosystems in the tumor following therapy. The ultimate strategy for personalized therapy would require serial assessments of the patient’s tumor for biomarker validation during the entire course of treatment that is combined with their three-dimensional mapping to the tumor architecture and landscape.
Oral health and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A longitudinal evaluation of the first 28 days

Background Mucositis is well described after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) but other aspects of oral health such as dental plaque and gingivitis are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe dental plaque, gingivitis, and mucositis early after HSCT. Methods We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study to describe dental plaque, gingivitis, and mucositis in the peritransplant period. We conducted comprehensive oral evaluations that included the Miyazaki tongue coating, modified simplified oral hygiene, modified gingivitis of Suomi and Barbano, and mucosal ulceration indices at baseline on days 0, +7, +14, and +28. Results Data were collected from 19 patients with a median age of 8.0 years (5.1–12.8) at time of HSCT. Sixteen patients (85%) had plaque accumulation that progressively worsened, 16 (85%) developed severe gingival inflammation, 13 (68%) developed mucositis, and 11 (58%) had oral ulcerations. All oral indices worsened from baseline during the study period. Gingivitis and oral plaque persisted in most patients at day +28 while mucositis and oral ulcerations slightly improved. Discussion Gingivitis, dental plaque, mucositis, and oral ulcerations are common after HSCT. Additional studies are needed to ascertain methods that decrease plaque and gingivitis development and severity.
Is pulseless electrical activity a reason to refuse cardiopulmonary resuscitation with ECMO support

Abstract Background Cardiopulmonary resuscitation with ECMO support (ECPR) has shown to improve outcome in patients after cardiac arrest under resuscitation. Most current recommendations for ECPR do not include patients with a non-shockable rhythm such as PEA and asystole. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of 3 patient groups separated by initial rhythm at time of ECMO placement during CPR: asystole, PEA and shockable rhythm. Methods We made a retrospective single-center study of adults who underwent ECPR for in-hospital cardiac arrest between June 2008 and January 2017. Outcome and survival were identified in 3 groups of patients regarding to the heart rhythm at the time decision for ECMO support was made: 1. patients with asystole, 2. patients with pulseless electrical activity, 3. patients with a shockable rhythm. Result 63 patients underwent ECPR in the mentioned time frame. Five patients were excluded due to incomplete data. Under the 58 included patients the number of cases for asystole, PEA, shockable rhythm was 7, 21 and 30 respectively. The means of CPR-time in these groups were 37, 41 and 37 min. Survival to discharge was 0.0%, 23.8% and 40.0% respectively ( p = 0.09). All survivors to discharge had a good neurological outcome, defined as cerebral performance category 1or 2. Conclusion Survival to discharge in patients with PEA as initial rhythm at the time of decision for ECPR is 23.8% while no patients with asystole as initial rhythm survived discharge. Patients with PEA should be carefully considered for ECPR.
Momentum and the Free Particle

We will now turn to the problem that conventional quantum mechanics courses generally begin with that of the quantum system describing a free particle moving in physical space \(\mathbf R^3\). This is something quite different from the classical mechanical description of a free particle, which will be reviewed in chapter 14. A common way of motivating this is to begin with the 1924 suggestion by de Broglie that just as photons may behave like either particles or waves, the same should be true for matter particles.
How preservice teachers use children’s literature to teach mathematical concepts: Focus on mathematical knowledge for teaching

This descriptive study examines the elements of mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) that elementary teacher candidates exhibit as they plan, teach, and reflect on a mathematics lesson that integrates children’s literature. Data for this study were gathered from observations and written work of preservice elementary teacher candidates enrolled in a methods of teaching mathematics course. The data were analyzed using three criteria: that of knowledge of content and students, knowledge of content and teaching, and knowledge of content and curriculum. The findings suggest a need for further development of teacher candidates’ ability to identify and locate mathematical concepts in children’s literature, as well as the need for supporting teacher candidates’ critical analysis of curricular materials and mathematical representations in children’s literature.
Deep Learning Localizes and Identifies Polyps in Real Time With 96% Accuracy in Screening Colonoscopy.

Background & Aims The benefit of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer prevention depends on the adenoma detection rate (ADR). The ADR should reflect the adenoma prevalence rate, which is estimated to be higher than 50% in the screening-age population. However, the ADR by colonoscopists varies from 7% to 53%. It is estimated that every 1% increase in ADR lowers the risk of interval colorectal cancers by 3%–6%. New strategies are needed to increase the ADR during colonoscopy. We tested the ability of computer-assisted image analysis using convolutional neural networks (CNNs; a deep learning model for image analysis) to improve polyp detection, a surrogate of ADR. Methods We designed and trained deep CNNs to detect polyps using a diverse and representative set of 8,641 hand-labeled images from screening colonoscopies collected from more than 2000 patients. We tested the models on 20 colonoscopy videos with a total duration of 5 hours. Expert colonoscopists were asked to identify all polyps in 9 de-identified colonoscopy videos, which were selected from archived video studies, with or without benefit of the CNN overlay. Their findings were compared with those of the CNN using CNN-assisted expert review as the reference. Results When tested on manually labeled images, the CNN identified polyps with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.991 and an accuracy of 96.4%. In the analysis of colonoscopy videos in which 28 polyps were removed, 4 expert reviewers identified 8 additional polyps without CNN assistance that had not been removed and identified an additional 17 polyps with CNN assistance (45 in total). All polyps removed and identified by expert review were detected by the CNN. The CNN had a false-positive rate of 7%. Conclusion In a set of 8,641 colonoscopy images containing 4,088 unique polyps, the CNN identified polyps with a cross-validation accuracy of 96.4% and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.991. The CNN system detected and localized polyps well within real-time constraints using an ordinary desktop machine with a contemporary graphics processing unit. This system could increase the ADR and decrease interval colorectal cancers but requires validation in large multicenter trials.
Metallic and insulating phases of Li x C 60 , Na x C 60 , and Rb x C 60

Photoemission studies of Li and Na fullerides show a band of alkali-metal-induced states that is fully below the Fermi level for a stoichiometry of ${\mathit{A}}_{2}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ and inverse photoemission results show a splitting of the unoccupied bands. Equivalent results for the Rb fullerides show the formation of only a metallic phase, ${\mathrm{Rb}}_{3}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$. For all three fullerides, doping to saturation produces nonmetallic ${\mathit{A}}_{6}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ phases.
Weberian political sociology and sociological disaster studies

The specialized field of disaster studies seems to be moving farther away from mainstream sociology, to the detriment of both. For sociologists working in this field, application of Max Weber's political sociology is proposed as one way to reconnect their research with longstanding concerns of the discipline. Weber's political sociology contains a conflict model focusing on structured inequalities of class, status, and power. Its relevance to both contemporary sociology and sociological disaster studies is illustrated through a reexamination of one of the early classic studies of disaster. The paper concludes with an overview of Weber's thoughts about the role of values in research and a brief comparison of Weber's political sociology with alternative theories.
Packaging of the HIV-1 RNA Genome

Encapsidating the viral genome into virions is an essential step in generating infectious viral particles. Most HIV-1 particles contain two copies of full-length viral RNA indicating genome encapsidation is an efficient and regulated process. Interactions between the HIV-1 structural protein Gag and cis-acting elements in the viral RNA mediate the packaging of viral RNA. The HIV-1 genome selects its copackaged RNA partner, or dimerizes, prior to encapsidation. Several aspects of virus biology and host–virus interactions important for the packaging of HIV-1 viral genomes are discussed in this review.
Murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

For approximately fifty years, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been widely studied. This disease was initially described by Rivers and co-workers (1) as a laboratory model for post-vaccinal encephalomyelitis (PVE). The production of EAE in these initial studies required multiple injections of whole spinal cord homogenate (SCH). After the introduction of Freund’s adjuvant, it became possible to produce EAE in some species with a single injection of SCH (2,3). This facilitated analysis of the responsible encephalitogen which was found to be a component of myelin and subsequently was identified as the myelin basic protein (MBP) (4). Because of pathological similarities between PVE and multiple sclerosis (MS), it has been suspected that similar mechanisms may be operative in the two diseases; however, traditionally EAE has been regarded as an imperfect model for MS because its course is usually monophasic. In 1965, Stone and Lerner (5) described a chronic form of the disease in guinea pigs, and in recent years there has been renewed interest in the investigation of relapsing EAE (REAE) because of its potential relevance to MS (6,7).
Clinical Trial Evidence Supporting FDA Approval of Drugs Granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation.

This study used the Drugs@FDA database to review FDA-approved “breakthrough” therapies from 2012 to 2017 (characterizing the pivotal clinical trials that serve as the basis of FDA approval), and premarket development and review times to assess the strength of evidence supporting breakthrough approvals.
Controlled Dispersion of Clays and Its Effects on Phosphate Clay Waste Dewatering

Phosphate clay wastes, as currently produced, leave montmorillonite clay in a highly dispersed and disintegrated form. Alternative processing, where the extent of swelling and self-disintegration of such clays is controlled or limited, may result in improved settling and consolidation behavior. In this study, a method to control montmorillonite dispersion, through preservation of clay tactoids, was examined. Through this process, significant improvements in settling rates and sediment solids concentrations were achieved in both pure clay systems and on simulated phosphate clay wastes.
Combined juvenile polyposis syndrome and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (JPS/HHT) with MRI and endoscopic correlation

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) may coexist with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) due to implication of the SMAD4 gene in a subset of both diseases. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case in the radiologic literature on the MRI findings in a patient with this rare combined diagnosis undergoing workup for burden of disease.
Gout and cardiovascular disease: crystallized confusion.

Purpose of reviewGout is associated with the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the biological relationship between the two remains uncertain. The demonstration of reduction of cardiovascular risk with appropriate gout treatment would argue for a causal role for gout in cardiovascul
Abstract TP535: Degree of Cognitive Impairment Based on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Associated Early Brain Injury

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is common after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), however differences between low and high grade aSAH is less well defined. In this study we investigated...
3-Nitro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-indole

The crystal structure of the title compound, C14H10N2O4S, confirms the position of the nitro group at position C-3 of the indole ring system. While the nitro group is coplanar with the indole ring system, the angle between the indole and phenyl planes is 83.9 (3)°.
A plasmonic optical antenna enhanced avalanche photodetector with a high gain-bandwidth product for compact lidar applications (Conference Presentation)

High-speed photodetectors with high sensitivity and low noise are needed in Lidar applications. Existing p-i-n photodetectors and avalanche photodetectors (APD) are limited by the gain-bandwidth product. Plasmonic optical antenna technology provides an effective approach to increase the gain-bandwidth product with a low noise level. In this paper, we report a pointed-dipole optical antenna enhanced APD with a high gain-bandwidth product and ultra-low noise and ultra-small form factor. This kind of plasmonic optical antenna enhanced APDs can also be used in high-density optical interconnects.
Comparative life cycle assessment of station-based and dock-less bike sharing systems

Abstract Bike sharing system (BSS) is growing worldwide. Although bike sharing is viewed as a sustainable transportation mode, it still has environmental footprints from its operation (e.g., bike rebalancing using automobiles) and upstream impacts (e.g., bike manufacturing). Thus, evaluating the environmental impacts of BSS from the life cycle perspective is vital to inform decision making for the system design and operation. In this study, we conducted a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of station-based and dock-less BSS in the U.S. The results show that dock-less BSS has a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions factor of 118 g CO2-eq/bike-km in the base scenario, which is 82% higher than the station-based system. Bike rebalancing is the main source of GHG emissions, accounting for 36% and 73% of the station-based and dock-less systems, respectively. However, station-based BSS has 54% higher total normalized environmental impacts (TNEI), compared to dock-less BSS. The dock manufacturing dominants the TNEI (61%) of station-based BSS and the bike manufacturing contributes 52% of TNEI in dock-less BSS. BSS can also bring environmental benefits through substituting different transportation modes. Car trip replacement rate is the most important factor. The results suggest four key approaches to improve BSS environmental performance: 1) optimizing the bike distribution and rebalancing route or repositioning bikes using more sustainable approaches, 2) incentivizing more private car users to switch to using BSSs, 3) prolonging lifespans of docking infrastructure to significantly reduce the TNEI of station-based systems, and 4) increasing the bike utilization efficiency to improve the environmental performance of dock-less systems.
The Role of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Family Structure During Adolescence in Young Adults’ Experiences of Multiple Partner Fertility (MPF):

Families in the United States have become more complex, with an increasing number of individuals having children with multiple partners, called multiple partner fertility (MPF). MPF has significant...
Illegal, Alien, and Other: Cultural Competency and Migration

Immigration is a global phenomenon associated with intense social and political controversies, all of which contribute to a multitude of stressors often, although not always, associated with migration. This chapter reviews strategies for approaching migrants in a culturally competent manner, identifies challenges and stigma faced by migrant populations, and addresses how practitioners can think about and work with migrant youth and families in a sensitive and effective fashion, with a focus on speaking about and listening to migrant experiences.
Motion Planning with Secrecy

In this paper, we introduce the problem of motion planning with secrecy guarantees. A robot is tracking a desired trajectory, which is transmitted on-line by a planner, e.g. a base station or a mobile station. The communication between the robot and the planner is organized in packets and takes place over a wireless channel, which is susceptible to eavesdropping attacks. Our goal is to design secure communication codes in order to encode the trajectory information and hide it from any eavesdroppers. Meanwhile, the robot should be able to recover the trajectory and the planner should be able to estimate the robot's motion. We introduce a novel coding scheme that creates secrets between the robot and the planner based on i) the randomness of the robot's motion and ii) the imperfection of the communication channel. We show that every time the planner receives the corresponding packet while the eavesdropper misses it, a new secret is created, which can be used as a key to encode the information about the motion intent. If the motion-planning is random enough, one occurrence of this event makes the eavesdropper lose track of the trajectory; even if the eavesdropper has unlimited computational power. We apply our framework to the problem of way-point tracking, where the robot should visit some target positions one after the other. We illustrate the theoretical results in simulations.
Activation of Unconscious Fantasies

Mendelsohn and Silverman suggest the unconscious fantasies play a critical role in the process of therapeutic change. Unconscious fantasies are defined as “an organized configuration of unconscious ideas and images, motivated (to varying degrees) by libidinal and aggressive wishes, anxieties, defensive operations, and adaptive strivings” The unconscious fantasies are considered to be activated inadvertently in behavior therapy and, indeed, in therapy in general. Neither the therapist nor the patient is aware of the activation. The activation of fantasies is considered to produce a general effect on diverse facets of behavior and functioning. The broad impact is attributed to the overriding psychodynamic wishes (e.g., Oedipal strivings) from which the diverse behaviors are derived.
Analysis of EUV limb brightening observations from ATM. II - Influence of spicules

A comparison of limb brightening measurements with theoretical limb brightening curves calculated for simple atmospheric models indicates that a significant fraction of the EUV emission from lines formed in the transition layer comes from spicules. We find that spicules contribute about 20% of the total quiet sun intensity for lines of the C II, C III, N III, and O VI ions. The uncertainty in the magnitude of the percentage is about a factor of 2. The EUV-emission scale heights above the limb are consistent with the assumption that the variation with height of the number of EUV-emitting spicules is the same as for H-alpha-emitting spicules. Optical depths derived for the C II 1335 A and C III 977 A lines yield estimates for the pressure in the transition layer that are in good agreement with pressures derived under the assumption that the transition layer is in pressure equilibrium with the chromosphere and corona.
Active Today, Replenished Tomorrow? How Daily Physical Activity Diminishes Next-Morning Depletion.

BACKGROUND Physical activity is a salient input to psychological health and well-being. Recent applied psychology research suggests that physical activity of a greater intensity is particularly important for recovery from work-related effort expenditure. However, whether and how moderate-to-vigorous levels of physical activity influence recovery outside of working populations remains unclear. Further, the process through which this relationship unfolds on a day-to-day basis has yet to be mapped. METHOD We conducted a 10-day daily diary study in a sample of 66 college students that incorporated objective measurements of physical activity and sleep to address these research gaps. RESULTS We found that higher levels of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with leisure-time psychological detachment from daily school demands, which in turn related to longer duration sleep that diminished next-morning depletion. DISCUSSION We discuss how our findings advance a dynamic perspective of the intersection of physical activity and recovery from day-to-day that can be applied outside of working populations.
Quality-Differentiated Demand and the Analytics of Disruption:

The article builds on and extends two earlier teaching notes on the enhancement of undergraduate microeconomics to encompass quality considerations in consumer choice and market responses to those ...
Stellar magnetic activity – Star-Planet Interactions

Stellar magnetic activity is an important factor in the formation and evolution of exoplanets. Magnetic phenomena like stellar flares, coronal mass ejections, and high-energy emission affect the exoplanetary atmosphere and its mass loss over time. One major question is whether the magnetic evolution of exoplanet host stars is the same as for stars without planets; tidal and magnetic interactions of a star and its close-in planets may play a role in this. Stellar magnetic activity also shapes our ability to detect exoplanets with different methods in the first place, and therefore we need to understand it properly to derive an accurate estimate of the existing exoplanet population. I will review recent theoretical and observational results, as well as outline some avenues for future progress.
Evaluating an mHealth Application: Findings on Visualizing Transportation and Air Quality

This paper presents the results of a usability study conducted to evaluate an mHealth application that integrates information about transportation options and air quality levels. By visualizing the air quality levels along the transportation routes available, the users of the mHealth application proposed can make more informed choices before departure. The mHealth application aims to help users take appropriate safety precautions beforehand. The results obtained with the user study indicate that the familiar layout of the application led to a high sentiment score and usability ratings of system usability scale. The option to select the least polluted route to travel was perceived as original and useful to the participants.
Does Timing of Renal Dysfunction after Heart Transplant Result in Worse Outcomes

Purpose Chronic kidney disease after heart transplantation is not uncommon due to the nephrotoxicity of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). It is well established that kidney dysfunction does impact post-transplant survival. What is not known is whether early or later development of kidney dysfunction has greater impact on outcomes. Methods Between 2010 and 2017, we assessed 130 heart transplant patients and followed their course over the first 5 years. Patients were categorized as having kidney dysfunction detected with creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL at 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years after heart transplant. These patients were subsequently followed for 5 years to assess for subsequent 5-year survival, subsequent 5-year freedom from non-fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF-MACE: MI, new CHF, PCI, ICD implant, stroke), subsequent 5-year freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV, as defined by stenosis ≥30%), and 5-year freedom from left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF ≤ 40%). Results Patients who developed kidney dysfunction at 1-year post-heart transplant appear to have similar subsequent 5-year survival compared to those with kidney dysfunction at 3 and 5 years after heart transplant. However, significantly more patients with kidney dysfunction at 1-year required subsequent kidney dialysis. (See table) Conclusion Early development of kidney dysfunction appears to lead to more patients needing kidney dialysis compared to those patients that develop kidney dysfunction later post-heart transplant. Renal sparing protocols or CNI minimization should be aggressively approached in these early patients to prevent worsening of kidney dysfunction.
The Gulf Oil Spill and the Costs of Regulatory Capture

This chapter details the sequence of events that led up the explosion in the Gulf on April 20, 2010, and the subsequent massive oil spill. This chapter explores three structural factors that both led up to and were revealed by the explosion: tough oil, cost cutting corporations, and regulatory capture in an era of limited government.
The MMF and Field Distribution of an AC Winding

This chapter introduces the "forcing function" of the magnetic field of a typical AC machine, namely the stator magnetomotive force (MMF). The stator MMF primarily acts to magnetize the machine and is accounted for, in the per phase equivalent circuit, by the magnetizing inductance. The chapter explores MMF distributions for two‐pole, single‐circuit machines, and discusses the actual number of electrical poles, however, depends on design considerations. This number is nearly always greater than two since two‐pole machines are particularly wasteful of stator conductors due to large return paths at the end of the machine (end windings). The chapter shows a schematic representation of a single‐phase full pitch winding, and fractional pitch winding. Windings are generally distributed in several slots in order to better utilize the available space around the periphery of the machine. In most cases, winding distributions are nearly always symmetrical if the number of slots per pole per phase is two or greater.
Understanding reasons for electing gap years between undergraduate education and medical school and the impact of gap years on the student experience of medical education.

Gap years have grown in popularity among students attempting to go to medical school in recent years. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), more than half of matriculate...
The Zak transform and decimated spectrograms

In this paper, the interrelation between the Zak transform and the Generalized Discrete Time-Frequency Distribution (GDTFD) is examined. Starting with the discrete Zak transform, its definition is broadened to include arbitrary windows creating the Windowed Zak (WZ) transform. The WZ is then combined with the spectrogram. It is demonstrated that the spectrogram based upon the WZ, called the Zak-Spectrogram, is a generalization of the standard spectrogram. Next, building upon the idea of the weighted spectrogram, the weighted Zak-Spectrogram is used to produce a new class of GDTFD, called the Decimated GDTFD (DGDTFD). The Decimated GDTFD is similar to the GDTFD except it trades bandwidth for computational speed. >
Rewrite Methods for Clausal and Non-Clausal Theorem Proving

Effective theorem provers are essential for automatic verification and generation of programs. The conventional resolution strategies, albeit complete, are inefficient. On the other hand, special purpose methods, such as term rewriting systems for solving word problems, are relatively efficient but applicable to only limited classes of problems.
Perceived quality of life comparison between medical graduates from Peru who migrated and those who stayed in their home country.

Objetivo: Comparar la calidad de vida (CDV) de los egresados de una Escuela de Medicina peruana que migraron al extranjero y de los que permanecieron en el pais. Material y metodo: Se utilizo un cuestionario basado en una combinacion de dos herramientas para medir la CDV de proveedores de salud previamente validadas, para evaluar auto-satisfaccion (grupo A), las relaciones interpersonales y sociales (grupo B) y los niveles de satisfaccion personal (grupo C). Es cuestionario se envio por correo electronico a los graduados de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue 35%. Los niveles de ingreso economico fueron significativamente menores en los medicos que permanecieron en el Peru en comparacion con los que migraron. En muy pocas preguntas se encontro diferencia significativa. En el grupo A, los medicos que migraron percibieron una CDV significativamente mayor solo en la expectativa de futuro. En el grupo B, esto se alcanzo diferencias solo en el grado de apoyo y el nivel de conflicto entre colegas , y en el grupo C, en el nivel de informacion recibida acerca de los resultados de su trabajo ("feedback"), el esfuerzo fisico del trabajo diario (estres fisico), las oportunidades de expresar lo que se piensa y necesita, el esfuerzo del hospital para mejorar la CDV de sus trabajadores, el entrenamiento necesario para realizar el trabajo diario, y la variedad en el trabajo. Los medicos que migraron percibieron una mayor aceptacion en la profesion, en la sociedad en general y dentro de la comunidad donde viven. De manera significativa mas medicos que migraron no tenian intenciones de cambiar sus niveles actuales de vida. Conclusiones: La CDV percibida de los medicos estudiados fue similar en la mayoria de preguntas examinadas entre ambos grupos, a pesar de la marcada diferencia encontrada en los niveles de ingreso economico. La migracion medica teniendo el Peru como procedencia parece ser un factor favorable en el logro de una adaptacion exitosa a una nueva cultura. (Rev Med Hered 2010;21:).
Updating Logical Databases

Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. Classes of update semantics 3. Model-based semantics for updates 4. Update algorithms for model-based semantics 5. Updates with variables 6. Lazy evolution of updates 7. Integrity constraints 8. Adding knowledge to relational theories 9. Implementation Bibliography Index of definitions.
Eigenstrain based reduced order homogenization for polycrystalline materials

Abstract In this manuscript, an eigenstrain based reduced order homogenization method is developed for polycrystalline materials. A two-scale asymptotic analysis is used to decompose the original equations of polycrystal plasticity into micro- and macroscale problems. Eigenstrain based representation of the inelastic response field is employed to approximate the microscale boundary value problem using an approximation basis of much smaller order. The reduced order model takes into account the grain-to-grain interactions through influence functions that are numerically computed over the polycrystalline microstructure. The proposed approach is also endowed with a hierarchical model improvement capability that allows accurate representation of stress and deformation state within subgrains. The proposed approach was implemented and its performance was assessed against crystal plasticity finite element simulations. Numerical studies point to the capability to efficiently compute the mechanical response of the polycrystal RVEs with good accuracy and the ability to capture stress risers near grain boundaries.
Discrimination of phase-coded spike trains by silicon neurons with artificial dendritic trees

Artificial neurons with dendritic trees, modeled in VLSI, were used to evaluate large numbers of different patterns of synaptic connections onto dendrites. Random search yielded connections that produced well-differentiated responses to input spike patterns that differed only in phasing. Feedforward networks of up to 3 layers exhibited increasing variability that can be exploited for discrimination purposes.
A Phylogenetic Test of Classical Species Groups in Argia (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)

We present the first cladistic analysis of Argia species, focusing on those occurring in North America north of Mexico. Our analysis is based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA and morphological characters of both sexes of adults and immatures. We reexamine classical work on Argia taxonomy and phylogeny. Our results agree considerably with previous hypotheses based morphology in an absence of phylogenetic analysis, and thus our work represents and independent test of these previous hypotheses. Argia is recovered as monophyletic. The clade composed of A. funcki plus A. lugens is basal among the species studied here. The species A. fumipennis, including the three subspecies, appears to be a paraphyletic assemblage, and thus may warrant being considered separate species as originally described. The feasibility of producing a thorough phylogenetic analysis of the entire genus using multiple sources of data is discussed.
Towards an assessment of strategic credibility in academic libraries

Purpose – The purpose of this original research is to gauge the level of academic libraries' strategic credibility by analyzing whether strategic planning goals align with annual reports.Design/methodology/approach – A modified replication of a study by Jarvenpaa and Ives was used. A random sample of 28 ARL libraries was taken from ARL membership. Library directors were contacted for a copy of both a strategic plan and an annual report. A two‐way comparison was conducted between three groups using content analysis.Findings – Analysis of strategic plans and annual reports revealed that the majority of the libraries in the study produced strategic plans. However, most libraries no longer produce annual reports. Canadian strategic plans were user‐centered, whereas US plans focused on “hot topics”. Themes emerged from the analysis of strategic plans including space planning, offsite storage, assessment, development, and personnel.Research limitations/implications – Determining the level to which ARL libraries...
A successful neonatal repair of congenital aortic aneurysm with cleft sternum.

minal obstruction may occur. Recurrent suppurative pneumonia can occur due to obstruction. Our patient aspirated a chicken bone 4 years previously and underwent several rigid bronchoscopy attempts to extract the foreign body. She was admitted to the Istanbul Medical School after an episode of pneumonia and had dyspnea and audible wheezing because of near total airway obstruction diagnosed via bronchoscopy. Ibrahim Sersar and colleagues reported a series of 3300 patients, 3 of whom required bronchotomy because extraction of the inhaled foreign body failed. In another study, 164 patients underwent bronchoscopy for foreign body aspiration, and 6% of patients required surgical extraction. Early bronchoscopy has high successful rates in the extraction of foreign bodies. Bronchotomy is usually enough to extract the foreign body, which was performed after early bronchoscopy. Because of the delay in extraction, our patient required an extended operation, a segmental main bronchial resection with supra-aortic anastomosis. After unsuccessful attempts, a bronchotomy would have been a less-invasive procedure for this patient. Thus, we advise an early operation for organic foreign bodies.
Mary Wollstonecraft’s Enlightened Legacy The “Modern Social Imaginary” of the Egalitarian Family

Charles Taylor recently used the term modern social imaginary to describe dominant sets of norms, practices, and expectations—such as the market economy or the public sphere—that are rooted in the philosophies of the European Enlightenment and have since permeated the common experience of life in the contemporary Western world. Building on Taylor’s argument, this article charts how Mary Wollstonecraft became one of the major philosophical sources from the Enlightenment era to shape the emergent modern social imaginary of the egalitarian family that increasingly serves as the background against which debates about the family take place today.
Collaborative transdisciplinary team approach for dementia care

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has high economic impact and places significant burden on patients, caregivers, providers and healthcare delivery systems, fostering the need for an evaluation of alternative approaches to healthcare delivery for dementia. Collaborative care models are team-based, multicomponent interventions that provide a pragmatic strategy to deliver integrated healthcare to patients and families across a wide range of populations and clinical settings. Healthcare reform and national plans for AD goals to integrate quality care, health promotion and preventive services, and reduce the impact of disease on patients and families reinforcing the need for a system-level evaluation of how to best meet the needs of patients and families. We review collaborative care models for AD and offer evidence for improved patient- and family-centered outcomes, quality indicators of care and potential cost savings.
Phase diagram for injection locking a superradiant laser

We study experimentally and theoretically the response of a superradiant or bad-cavity laser to an applied coherent drive. We observe two forms of synchronization (injection locking) between the superradiant ensemble and the applied drive: one attractive and one repulsive in nature. In the region of repulsion, the atomic spin state that stores laser coherence undergoes three-dimensional dynamics, as opposed to a two-parameter description of the electric field in a traditional good-cavity laser. We derive a phase diagram of predicted behavior and experimentally measure the response of the system across various trajectories therein.
A COMPARISON OF THE WATER HOLDING CAPACITY OF PRE- AND POST-RIGOR CHICKEN, TROUT AND LOBSTER MUSCLE IN THE PRESENCE OF POLYPHOSPHATES AND DIVALENT CATIONS

The water holding capacity (WHC) of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) white muscle and lobster (Homarus americanus) tail muscle did not change from pre- to post-rigor. The trout muscle WHC values were similar to those of post-rigor chicken breast muscle and were not affected by the addition of sodium pyrophosphate (PPi), Mg, Ca or combinations of these. In contrast, the WHC of lobster muscle was like the WHC of pre-rigor chicken breast muscle. The pre-rigor lobster muscle showed a large increase in WHC values with the addition of pyrophosphate (205% of control) but with the further addition of Mg to the sample the increase was depressed (166% of control). Ca addition to the pyrophosphate sample even more markedly depressed the WHC (90% of control). In both cases, Mg and Ca seemed to have approximately the same effect on WHC whether PPi was present or not. Kena, on the other hand, increased the WHC of both pre- and post-rigor trout and lobster muscle. Ca seemed to negate the increasing effect Kena had on WHC. Kena plus Mg caused a large increase in the WHC of the prerigor lobster muscle; the WHC capacity with Kena alone was 123% of control while the WHC with Kena and Mg was 231% of control.
The Nd and Sr isotopic systematics of river-water dissolved material: Implications for the sources of Nd and Sr in seawater

We report the isotopic composition and concentration of Nd and Sr in the dissolved load of rivers from North America, Australia, Japan, the Philippines and Venezuela. The data are used to: (1) characterize the behavior of Nd and Sr during weathering and river transport; (2) estimate the concentration and isotopic composition of Nd and Sr in river runoff to the oceans; and (3) construct an isotopic mass balance for Nd and Sr in seawater. In general, Nd is mobilized in rivers of low pH, whereas Sr concentrations in rivers are determined by the degree of chemical weathering of source rocks. The isotopic composition of Nd and Sr in river waters is strongly influenced by the age of materials in a drainage basin, and this results in a rough overall inverse correlation between 87Sr86Sr and ϵNd. Preferential weathering of marine precipitates, such as carbonates and phosphates, significantly affects the 87Sr86Sr, and to a lesser degree, the ϵNd of river waters. Established geochemical relationships and data in the literature are used to estimate the weighted average ϵNd of the primary river runoff to each of the ocean basins. New Sr isotope data for rivers (including new island arc data) lower the estimated mean 87Sr86Sr of river runoff and reduces the calculated seawater-basalt Sr exchange near mid-ocean ridges. This yields a hydrothermal water flux of (2.9 ± 2.5) · 1016 g yr.−1. It is shown that river inputs are the dominant factor in determining the Nd and Sr isotopic signature of modern seawater.
Anxiety and Antisocial Behavior: The Moderating Role of Perceptions of Social Prominence among Incarcerated Females.

The present study examines how perceptions of social prominence and attitudes toward antisocial behavior among peers moderate the association between anxiety and antisocial behavior among incarcera...
Revision of the Hoplolaiminae (Nematoda) VI. Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 1 )

The genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 is diagnosed; eighteen nominal species are redescribed; ten new synonyms and twenty new species are proposed. Helicotylenchus steueri (Stefanski, 1916) Sher, 1961; H. neoformis Siddiqi & Husain, 1964; and H. intermedius (Luc, 1960) Siddiqi & Husain, 1964 are excluded from the genus Helicotylenchus. A key to the species is presented.
P01-278 Genetic and environmental impacts in major depressive disorder are mediated via kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism

We were first to propose up-regulation of KYN pathway of TRY metabolism as an etiological factor in depression: “in depression metabolism of TRY is shunted away from serotonin production, and towards KYN production” since “activity of liver TRY-pyrrolase is stimulated by raised blood corticosteroids levels” (Lapin & Oxenkrug, Lancet, 1969). TRY-pyrrolase, i.e., tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) was the only known enzyme catalyzing TRY conversion into KYN. TDO is mostly located in liver and activated by cortisol and prolactin. Seven years later another enzyme catalyzing TRY conversion into KYN, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), was discovered. IDO is located in microglia, astrocytes and macrophages, and transcriptionally induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Discovery of neurotropic activity of kynurenines suggested that upregulation of TRY - KYN pathway not only augments serotonin deficiency but also underlines depression-associated anxiety, psychosis and cognitive decline. Simultaneous presence of high promoters alleles of pro-inflammatory cytokines genes (IFNG and TNF-alpha) determines genetic predisposition to depression via up-regulation of IDO while impact of environmental stresses is mediated via hormonal activation of TDO. Potentiation of IFNG-induced up-regulation of IDO by stress hormones further underscores the importance TRY-KYN pathway as major meeting point of gene-environment interaction in depression and as a new target for pharmacological intervention.
Acid sphingomyelinase-derived ceramide is not required for inflammatory cytokine signalling in murine macrophages.

Abstract Sphingomyelin hydrolysis is induced in myeloid cell-lines by tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Ceramide, a product of sphingomyelin hydrolysis, recapitulates many of the cellular responses elicited by these cytokines, and this has lead to the hypothesis that ceramide is a second messenger of cytokine signalling. Sphingomyelin hydrolysis is catalysed by an acid spingomyelinase (ASMase) and one or more neutral sphingomyelinases (NSMase); both ASMase and NSMase are activated during cytokine signalling. In the present study, the contribution of ASMase to TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ signalling in murine macrophages was addressed. Cytokine-induced responses were compared in macrophages derived from the bone marrow of AMSase null and wild-type mice. Specifically, TNF-α-and IFN-γ-induced nitric oxide production and TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced expression of the α-chemokine, KC, were intact in ASMase null macrophages. Furthermore, TNF-α induction of p42/p44 ERK and p38-MAPK phosphorylation, c-jun kinase activation, and IκBα degradation were normal. Also normal in ASMase null macrophages was TNF-α-, IL-1β- and IFN-γ-induced expression of a panel of early response genes. It is concluded that ASMase is non-essential for the inflammatory signals activated in murine macrophages by TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ.
Reduced effect of NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist on ethanol-induced ataxia and striatal glutamate levels in mice lacking ENT1.

Abstract Alcohol-sensitive type 1 equilibrative nucleotide transporter (ENT1) is known to regulate glutamate signaling in the striatum as well as ethanol intoxication. However, it was unclear whether altered extracellular glutamate levels in ENT1 −/− mice contribute to ethanol-induced behavioral changes. Here we report that altered glutamate signaling in ENT1 −/− mice is implicated in the ethanol-induced locomotion and ataxia by NMDA receptor antagonist, CGP37849 . ENT1 −/− mice appear less intoxicated following sequential treatment with CGP37849 and ethanol, compared to ENT1 +/+ littermates on the rotarod. These results indicate that inhibiting NMDA glutamate receptors is critical to regulate the response and susceptibility of alcohol related behaviors. Interestingly, a microdialysis experiment showed that the ventral striatum of ENT1 −/− mice is less sensitive to the glutamate-reducing effect of the NMDA receptor antagonist compared to the dorsal striatum. Our findings suggest that differential glutamate neurotransmission in the striatum regulates ethanol intoxication.