cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Note on Directional Dependence in Regression Setting

In this article, we define and study the concept of directional dependence in bivariate regression setting by using copulas. We consider two cases of directional dependence; one originating from marginals and the other originating from the joint behavior of variables. We also generalize and clarify the results given by Dodge and Rousson (2000) and Muddapur (2003).
Orientalism, terrorism and Bombay cinema

This paper critically assesses the usefulness of the “new-Orientalism” thesis in understanding the discourses around the idea of “terrorism” and of “the terrorist”. It observes that critiques of “new Orientalism” provide important insights into the ways in which “Islam”, “the Muslim” and “terrorist” have come to be constructed. However, it also argues for the importance of the density of historical context and specificity of locality in understanding how these categories are formulated. The case of Bombay cinema is particularly instructive here. The paper argues that Bombay cinema – which has engaged with these concerns in some form since its inception, and is going “global” in unprecedented ways – exemplifies both the play of these two distinct discursive tendencies and also the tensions that arise because they are not identical. Post-9/11 films like Aamir (2008) and New York (2009) manifest these discursive mechanics and the tensions that result from the play between “new Orientalism” and the local.
Approach to the Febrile Patient with No Obvious Focus of Infection

The summary in Table 1 could be used as a mental checklist for the pediatrician who examines a child with fever. Whether the pediatrician opts to "keep the rules" or appropriately decides to "break the rules," knowledge of the guidelines will help him to focus his approach and to adopt attitudes of caution in certain circumstances. The body of knowledge of infectious agents chemotherapeutic agents has burgeoned over the past 40 years; the rules have changed very little. Thus, the rules might also serve as standards against which "new discoveries" that dictate departure from an established mode of clinical practice would have to be weighed. The adage, "Name the bug before you choose a drug," is especially germaine to pediatrics. Potential pathogens or "bugs" continually change as the patient9s age, exposure, and immunity change. The serious diseases they cause mandate that initial treatment be given with the best "drugs." The age-related causes of bacterial meningitis presented in Table 2 could serve as a primer for age-related causes of other invasive disease as well. For bone, joint, and soft tissue infection as well as for septicemia without a focus the age line for group B Streptococcus and H influenzae would be extended upward and S aureus would be added for all ages. Although the relative importance of each pathogen for each clinical entity might vary, therapeutic considerations would be appropriately served by a schema such as this. Unfortunately, the susceptibility of pathogens to antimicrobial agents will continue to change. Fortunately, new and potentially better therapeutic agents will continue to be discovered or invented. When new problems of antibiotic resistance emerge or when superior therapeutic modalities are proved, the pediatrician must be knowledgeable of such events and be prepared for change.
When a bystander becomes an accomplice: Situational determinants of reactions to dishonesty

Abstract In a series of experiments, undergraduates ( N = 288) performed a task with a confederate who subsequently lied about his or her performance in order to obtain a cash bonus. The probability of bystanders' reporting the dishonesty and refusing to sign a document attesting to the confederate's score was differentially affected by situational factors and sex of the bystander, wrongdoer, and authority figure. Bystanders were most apt to report the misdeed when they were competing against rather than working either independently or cooperatively with the culprit, at least when the bonus was provided by a large corporation. In addition, females were more likely than males to report when the victim was another person rather than either a corporation or the bystander himself, and both sexes were more apt to report a female wrongdoer than a male one. Persons who initially reported the misdeed were less likely to become active accomplices than were those who failed to report it. Furthermore, less written verification of the falsehood occurred when (a) nonreporters were performing independently rather than either competing against or working cooperatively with the culprit for the bonus, and (b) a male was in an immediate position of authority.
Struggles for Justice: Social Responsibility and the Liberal State

Introduction Part I: The Problem: State and Society, 1890s-1912 Chapter 1. Gilded Age Liberty Chapter 2. New Workers, New Women Chapter 3. The Social Question Part II: Confronting the Issues, 1913-1924 Chapter 4. Progressive Statecraft Chapter 5. The Dynamics of Total War Chapter 6. Response to Revolution Chapter 7. Restoration by Repression Part III: The Resolution, 1925-1938 Chapter 8. The New Era of Corporate Capitalism Chapter 9. Managing the Depression: Hoover and Roosevelt Chapter 10. Rendezvous with Destiny Conclusion Abbreviations Selected Bibliography Notes Index
Using a zone axis for convergent beam electron diffraction measurements of lattice strain in strained silicon.

Convergent beam electron diffraction patterns of silicon from the gate channel region of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor with recessed Si(.82)Ge(.18) stressors were analysed using three zone axes: , and . Values measured using these axes were compared with each other with regards to strain along the [110] and the [001] directions. It was demonstrated that strain measurements made using all three axes showed reasonable agreement with each other: an increase in the [110] compressive strain and a switch from compressive to tensile strain in the [001] with decreasing distance below the gate. It was also observed that the strain calculations using the axis had the lowest uncertainty whereas the axis allowed for measurements closest to the gate due to the improved lateral resolution at that tilt angle.
Constitutional Reform and the Opportunity for Higher Education Access in Ecuador Since 1950

Ecuador's 2008 Constitution, and its 2009 national development plan, assign universities the role of reducing social inequality by, among other means, eliminating user fees. This article offers the first over-time assessment of the background tendencies in the accessibility to secondary and postsecondary university. Based on the analysis of 1990 and 2001 census data, and on household surveys from 1988 to the present, I find that women have overtaken men in all levels of education participation. The gaps are growing between ethnic groups, income groups, and language groups. This historic tendency will be difficult to reverse through the suspension of user fees because the main beneficiaries of free higher education are the most advantaged students in Ecuador.
Relationship Between Genetic Variation in the Glutaminase Gene GLS1 and Brain Glutamine/Glutamate Ratio Measured In Vivo

Background Abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission are implicated in several psychiatric disorders, but in vivo neurochemical studies of the glutamate (Glu) system have been hampered by a lack of adequate probes. By contrast, glutamine (Gln) and Glu can be quantified separately in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in vivo. Accumulating evidence suggests that the Gln/Glu ratio is a putative index of glutamatergic neurotransmission but interpretation of changes in the Gln/Glu ratio depends on the conditions of the system, including ammonia levels. Methods Here, we explored whether variation in GLS1 (the gene encoding the brain isoform of glutaminase, which catalyzes Gln-to-Glu conversion) is associated with Gln/Glu measured in vivo in two brain regions (anterior cingulate cortex, parieto-occipital cortex). Results A specific haplotype of four single nucleotide polymorphisms within GLS1 was significantly associated with Gln/Glu in the parieto-occipital cortex in an magnetic resonance spectroscopy-genetics dataset optimized for Gln/Glu detection ( n = 42). This finding was replicated in a second magnetic resonance spectroscopy dataset that was optimized for γ-aminobutyric acid detection where Gln and Glu measurements could still be extracted ( n = 40). Conclusions These findings suggest that genetic variation in a key component of glutamatergic machinery is associated with a putative in vivo index of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Thus, GLS1 genotype might provide insight into normal brain function and into the pathophysiology of many psychiatric conditions where glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated. It might also serve as a biomarker for predicting response to existing and novel therapeutic interventions in psychiatry that target glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Epilepsy surgery in patients with malformations of cortical development.

Purpose of review Patients with malformations of cortical development often suffer from intractable focal epilepsy. This review considers recent progress in the selection and seizure outcome of patients undergoing resective epilepsy surgery for this condition. Recent findings Patients with malformations of cortical development restricted to part or even a whole hemisphere may be candidates for epilepsy surgery even when, due to microscopic malformations, magnetic resonance imaging shows no detectable lesion. Despite recent advances in structural and functional imaging, the majority of patients with this condition undergo invasive evaluation. Patients with focal cortical dysplasia, with and without a detectable lesion on magnetic resonance imaging, often have a favorable outcome with epilepsy surgery. The underlying pathological substrate seems to be a better predictor for surgical outcome in patients with focal cortical dysplasia than the presence of a lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. Epilepsy surgery can be offered in a highly selected subgroup of patients with unilateral nodular heterotopia. Seizures in hemimegalencephaly may respond favorably to hemispherectomy, although most children will continue to have seizures and significant functional impairments. Summary Patients with focal epilepsy due to malformations of cortical development are often intractable to medical management. Resective epilepsy surgery can be beneficial, particularly for patients with focal cortical dysplasia and unilateral hemispheric malformations.
Diminished linear growth during intermittent calcitriol therapy in children undergoing CCPD.

Diminished linear growth during intermittent calcitriol therapy in children undergoing CCPD. Daily calcitriol therapy has been reported to improve linear growth in children with renal bone disease, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is a key regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Whereas large intermittent doses of calcitriol can lower serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and reverse the skeletal changes of secondary hyperparathyroidism, the impact of intermittent calcitriol therapy on linear growth in children is not known. Thus, we studied 16 pre-pubertal patients with bone biopsy-proven secondary hyperparathyroidism who completed a 12-month prospective clinical trial of intermittent calcitriol therapy. Biochemical results and growth data obtained during intermittent calcitriol therapy were compared to values determined during the preceding 12 months of daily calcitriol therapy in each study subject; changes in bone histology were assessed after one year of intermittent calcitriol therapy. Z-scores for height did not change during 12 months of daily calcitriol therapy. Although the skeletal lesions of secondary hyperparathyroidism improved in most patients, Z-scores for height decreased from -1.8 ± 0.32 to -2.0 ± 0.33, P r = 0.71, P r = 0.67, P
Are we overestimating the number of cell-cycling genes? The impact of background models on time-series analysis

Motivation: Periodic processes play fundamental roles in organisms. Prominent examples are the cell cycle and the circadian clock. Microarray array technology has enabled us to screen complete sets of transcripts for possible association with such fundamental periodic processes on a system-wide level. Frequently, quite large numbers of genes have been detected as periodically expressed. However, the small overlap between genes identified in different studies has cast some doubts on the reliability of the periodic expression detected. Results: In this study, comparative analysis suggests that the lacking agreement between different cell-cycle studies might be due to inadequate background models for the determination of significance. We demonstrate that the choice of background model has considerable impact on the statistical significance of periodic expression. For illustration, we reanalyzed two microarray studies of the yeast cell cycle. Our evaluation strongly indicates that the results of previous analyses might have been overoptimistic and that the use of more suitable background model promises to give more realistic results. Availability: R scripts are available on request from the corresponding author. Contact: matthias.futschik@charite.de Supplementary information: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nanofabrication techniques for controlled drug-release devices

New drugs and delivery systems have undergone a rapid development in recent years for treating cancer, HIV/AIDS, diseased organs and damaged nerves to relieve pain, preventing disease and restoring health in humans [1]. The application of nanotechnology in nanomedicine for drug delivery is a new field and has raised great attention. Compared with conventional drugdelivery mechanisms, nanoscale systems can deliver the drugs directly to diseased cells and minimize damage to healthy cells, and they can be made small enough to be implantable in the body. Alternatively, by modifying the shells of the drug, shells can release the drug automatically under certain stimuli. Nanoscale controlled-release drug systems provide highly selective and effective therapeutic modalities [2].
Green peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] control using Brassicaceae ethyl ester oil sprays

Control of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), a globally important pest, using plant-derived oils is a promising alternative to conventional insecticides. Although various plant-derived oils are potentially useful for insect control, dose–response studies and efficacy comparisons among oils have not been widely reported. Our objective was to compare M. persicae control by plant-derived oils, focusing on oils derived from Brassicaceae species that exhibit rotational and environmental quality benefits. We thus applied sprays of emulsified ethyl esters from the seed oils of yellow mustard (Sinapis alba), oriental mustard (Brassica juncea) and rapeseed (Brassica napus )t oM. persicae in a laboratory bioassay. A dose–response relationship was modelled for the S. alba spray yielding LD50/LD95 values of 18.2 0.87/128.1 5.10 lg ester per cm 2 (P < 0.0001). Ethyl esters of oils from all three species and soybean (Glycine max) ethyl ester were compared to determine the efficacy of Brassicaceae oils relative to the dominant plant-oil spray currently available. All ethyl esters were equally efficacious despite measured differences in fatty acid profiles among the oils. Oils derived from mustards B. juncea and S. alba are potentially useful feedstocks for the production of insecticidal sprays, and testing on additional insects is warranted.
Religious Participation as Cultural Capital Development: Sector Differences in Chicago’s Jewish Schools

This paper uses the case of Jewish schools in Chicago to explore the role of religious schools in the development of cultural capital among youth. The author focus on three sectors of Jewish Schools (Orthodox day schools, non-Orthodox day schools, and non-Orthodox supplementary schools) as contexts for learning and expressing Jewish practices, affiliations, and beliefs, which are understood to be markers of cultural capital for the Jewish community. Survey results from 834 students in grades 7-12 revealed that family and school environments are independently associated with cultural capital development. Generally, the contributions of families are more prominent than the impact of schools, but both school type and learning opportunities also contribute to cultural outcomes.
A Longitudinal Assessment of the Victim-Offender Overlap

Although research has established an offending/victimization overlap and that offenders and victims share similar characteristics, much less work has examined the longitudinal sequencing of victimization and offending in the same developmental period and whether key risk/protective factors significantly distinguish both offenders and victims.This study uses longitudinal data from a large sample of adolescents to examine these issues and does so using a novel methodological approach, the trajectory methodology, which allows for the examination of covariation between offending and victimization. Results indicate that there is a considerable degree of overlap between victims of physical violence and offenders over time and that certain covariates including school commitment, parental monitoring, low self-control, and sex significantly discriminate victim and offender groups. Furthermore, low self-control appears to be the most salient risk factor for distinguishing both victimization and delinquency trajectories.Theoretical and policy implications and directions for future research are identified.
EM, MCMC, and chain flipping for structure from motion with unknown correspondence

Learning spatial models from sensor data raises the challenging data association problem of relating model parameters to individual measurements. This paper proposes an EM-based algorithm, which solves the model learning and the data association problem in parallel. The algorithm is developed in the context of the the structure from motion problem, which is the problem of estimating a 3D scene model from a collection of image data. To accommodate the spatial constraints in this domain, we compute virtual measurements as sufficient statistics to be used in the M-step. We develop an efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling method called chain flipping, to calculate these statistics in the E-step. Experimental results show that we can solve hard data association problems when learning models of 3D scenes, and that we can do so efficiently. We conjecture that this approach can be applied to a broad range of model learning problems from sensor data, such as the robot mapping problem.
Prevention of periprosthetic joint infection: Pre-, intra-, and post-operative strategies

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a calamitous complication with high morbidity and substantial cost. The reported incidence is low but it is probably underestimated due to the difficulty in diagnosis. PJI has challenged the orthopaedic community for several years and despite all the advances in this field, it is still a real concern with immense impact on patients and the healthcare system. Numerous factors can predispose patients to PJI. In this review we have summarised the effective prevention strategies along with the recommendations of a recent International Consensus Meeting on Surgical Site and Periprosthetic Joint Infection.
An extended model of upconversion based solar cells

An upconversion-based solar cell (UCSC) consists of a bifacial solar cell coupled to a spectral upconverter. This configuration has been suggested as a means of achieving solar cell efficiency beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit. In this paper an extended model of a UCSC is presented. This model adds to the capabilities of previously-reported models by considering a) non-radiative recombination; b) different anti-reflection (AR) layers at the air-solar cell and solar cell-upconverter interfaces; and c) dissimilar refractive indices of the solar cell and upconverter. Results obtained by analyzing the effect on efficiency of the solar cell band gap, location of intermediate excited state, amount of relaxation of electrons in the intermediate band, solar cell and upconverter refractive indices, and presence or absence of antireflection coatings between the air-solar cell and solar cell-upconverter interfaces, are presented.
OGFOD1, a Novel Modulator of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2α Phosphorylation and the Cellular Response to Stress

Cells possess mechanisms that permit survival and recovery from stress, several of which regulate the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha). We identified the human OGFOD1 protein as a novel stress granule component that regulates the phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and the resumption of translation in cells recovering from arsenite-induced stress. Coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed that OGFOD1 associates with a small subset of stress granule proteins (G3BP1, USP10, Caprin1, and YB-1) and the ribosome in both unstressed and stressed cells. Overexpression of OGFOD1 led to increased abundance of phosphorylated eIF2alpha, both in unstressed cells and in cells exposed to arsenite-induced stress, and to accelerated apoptosis during stress. Conversely, knockdown of OGFOD1 resulted in smaller amounts of phosphorylated eIF2alpha and a faster accumulation of polyribosomes in cells recovering from stress. Finally, OGFOD1 interacted with both eIF2alpha and the eIF2alpha kinase heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), which was identified as a novel stress granule resident. These findings argue that OGFOD1 plays important proapoptotic roles in the regulation of translation and HRI-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2alpha in cells subjected to arsenite-induced stress.
Inter- and intrasubunit interactions during the formation of RNA polymerase assembly intermediate.

We used yeast two-hybrid and in vitroco-immobilization assays to study the interaction between theEscherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) α and β subunits during the formation of α2β, a physiological RNAP assembly intermediate. We show that a 430-amino acid-long fragment containing β conserved segments F, G, H, and a short part of segment I forms a minimal domain capable of specific interaction with α. The α-interacting domain is held together by protein-protein interactions between β segments F and I. Residues in catalytically important β segments H and I directly participate in α binding; substitutions of strictly conserved segment H Asp1084 and segment I Gly1215 abolish α2β formation in vitro and are lethal in vivo. The importance of these β amino acids in α binding is fully supported by the structural model of the Thermus aquaticus RNAP core enzyme. We also demonstrate that determinants of RNAP assembly are conserved, and that a homologue of β Asp1084 in A135, the β-like subunit of yeast RNAP I, is responsible for interaction with AC40, the largest α-like subunit. However, the A135-AC40 interaction is weak compared with the E. coli α-β interaction, and A135mutation that abolishes the interaction is phenotypically silent. The results suggest that in eukaryotes additional RNAP subunits orchestrate the enzyme assembly by stabilizing weak, but specific interactions of core subunits.
Priming effects in a letter-by-letter reader depend upon access to the word form system.

Abstract Several types of cognitive and neuropsychological evidence suggest that priming effects on such implicit memory tests as word identification are mediated by a pre-semantic visual word form system that can operate independently of episodic memory. We investigate priming in a letter-by-letter reader, P.T., whose pattern of performance on neuropsychological tests indicates preservation of the word form system. Experiment 1 revealed robust priming on a word identification test following letter-by-letter study of target words, despite P.T.'s great difficulty in identifying non-studied words. Experiment 2 showed that the priming effect was modality specific whereas Experiment 3 indicated that recall of previously studied words was not modality specific, thus indicating that the observed priming could not be attributed to explicit memory strategies. Experiment 4 revealed no priming of illegal non-words on a letter identification test. The results support the notion that priming on the word identification test depends on access to the word form system.
THE EFFECT OF RESIDUAL STRESSES ON WAVE SPEED IN ARTERIES

The traditional approach to calculating stress distribution in arteries has been to assume (incorrectly) that the unloaded intact artery is stress-free. We consider the unloaded intact artery to have initial (i.e. residual) stresses and study how this affects the calculated wave speed of the arterial pulse. We use a set of equations that describe, in a simplified way, the blood flow in arteries and apply nonlinear elasticity theory to derive a formula for wave speed. We compare wave speed calculations under two assumptions (considering unloaded intact arteries as stress-free and considering these arteries to have residual stresses). We find that wave speeds calculated assuming residual stresses are more realistic. Clinical applications of this work are suggested.
Narrow hydrogen emission in the aurora

Abstract In the southern auroral zone during the winter of 1957, H a was detected which had a width equal to or less than 8 A. This observation is viewed as evidence for proton bombardment without the usual high velocity auroral particles. The alternate explanation of enhanced fluorescence of interplanetary hydrogen is discussed.
An Alarmist View of Engineering College Enrollment

Engineering college enrollment is in some measure a response to the demand for trained people. The forecasting of enrollment may thus be improved if it is based upon trends in the demand for trained people. One way to measure these trends, which does not seem to have been explored, comes from consideration of the membership in technical societies. The trends found in this way are very marked. The over-all rate of growth so indicated is exponential and is about 7 1/2 per cent per year. The indicated growth rate in electrical engineering is much greater than in any of the other major subdivisions of engineering except chemical engineering.
Ablation of Post Transplant Atrial Flutter and Pseudo-fibrillation Using Magnetic Navigation via a Superior Approach.

Ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus flutter and atrial tachycardia in a complex substrate has never been reported using remote navigation via superior approach. Venous access was obtained via right internal jugular for ablation and left subclavian for duodecapolar catheter placement into the coronary sinus. In a posttransplant patient presenting with both regular and irregular tachycardia, both cavotricuspid isthmus flutter in the donor and atrial tachycardia in the recipient was mapped using a two catheter approach. Successful ablation of typical atrial flutter and anastomotic block was achieved. This is the first report of successful ablation of cavotricuspid isthmus flutter and posttransplant atrial tachycardia using magnetic navigation via superior approach. Using only two catheters, this approach is logical and feasible in complex substrates with interrupted inferior venous access.
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: Co-morbidity Profiles and Intermediate-Term Outcomes

Bariatric surgery is effective at achieving sustained weight loss and improving the control and resolution of obesity-related co-morbidities. Most studies that have demonstrated co-morbidity resolution in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) only follow patients for the short term (less than 1 year) or follow a relatively small cohort (<100 patients) for the intermediate or long term (more than 5 years). We report our experience following a large cohort of morbidly obese patients who underwent LSG with intermediate-term follow-up. We retrospectively reviewed 435 consecutive patients who underwent LSG from January 2004 to November 2013. Co-morbidities investigated included diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia (HL). A co-morbidity was determined to be resolved if the patient was no longer taking any medication to treat that specific co-morbidity. Mean follow-up was 26 ± 25 months (range = 1–112). Mean postoperative total weight loss (%TWL) at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months were 23.6, 29.9, 29.5, 25.2, 26.7, 25.4, and 24.3 %, respectively. The incidence of all three co-morbidities was found to be significantly lower at the last patient follow-up. The resolution rates for DM, HTN, and HL were 59, 31, and 50 %, respectively. In patients who continued to have co-morbidities, the mean numbers of medications for DM (1.2 ± 0.7 vs. 0.5 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001), HTN (1.8 ± 1.1 vs. 1.3 ± 1.2, p < 0.0001), and HL (0.9 ± 0.7 vs. 0.6 ± 0.6, p < 0.0001) postoperatively were all significantly less. LSG is effective at achieving significant and sustained weight loss, improvement in co-morbidity profiles, and a reduction in poly-pharmacy for these conditions over intermediate-term follow-up.
K5-Subdivisions in graphs containing K4-

Seymour and, independently, Kelmans conjectured in the 1970s that every 5-connected nonplanar graph contains a subdivision of K"5. In this paper, we prove the conjecture for graphs containing K"4^-.
Variety as a Preference-Strength Signal

To portray themselves in a favorable light, people often choose options with socially-desirable symbolic qualities. But when all the options in the choice-set have similar socially-desirable attributes, how might people choose? We propose that people use the degree of variety in their selections to convey information about the strength of their preferences for options in the category, both to others and to themselves. Specifically, whereas prior research has shown that people unidirectionally choose more variety when self-presentation cues are present, a series of field and lab studies shows that people choose less variety when they want to signal strong preferences for options in the category and to associate themselves with the qualities of those options. These findings have important implications for theories of variety-seeking and self-presentation, as well as for marketing practice.
ShortMAC: Efficient Data-Plane Fault Localization

The rising demand for high-quality online services requires reliable packet delivery at the network layer. Data-plane fault localization is recognized as a promising means to this end, since it enables a source node to efficiently localize faulty links, find a fault-free path, and enforce contractual obligations among network nodes. Existing fault localization protocols cannot achieve a practical tradeoff between security and efficiency and they require unacceptably long detection delays, and require monitored flows to be impractically long-lived. In this paper, we propose an efficient fault localization protocol called ShortMAC which leverages probabilistic packet authentication and achieves 100 10000 times lower detection delay and overhead than related work. We theoretically derive a lower-bound guarantee on data-plane packet delivery in ShortMAC, implement a ShortMAC prototype, and evaluate its effectiveness on two platforms: SSFNet simulator and Linux/Click router. Our implementation and evaluation results show that ShortMAC causes negligible throughput and latency costs while retaining a high level of security.
Survey of residential refrigerators for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes

One hundred and ninety-five residential refrigerators in Brazos and Robertson counties of Texas were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes . Surfaces on which meat and vegetables were usually stored, as well as other storage areas, were sampled. L. monocytogenes was not recovered from any of the refrigerators sampled. The organism, if introduced, may only be a transient inhabitant of refrigerator surfaces, as long-term colonization of such surfaces does not seem to be a common occurrence.
Early History of Agricultural Economics

A year ago as chairman of the joint session of the American Farm Economic Association and the Agricultural History Society, I made a few remarks with regard to the intimate friendship and the close cooperation between W. J. Spillman, G. F. Warren and myself during the first quarter of the present century, which is well known as the period of rapid development of the subject of Farm Economics. I spoke of my cooperation with Spillman in the farm accounting work; of his strategy in helping me convince the authorities at the University of Wisconsin in the winter of 1907-08 that the time had come for the establishment of a Department of Agricultural Economics in the College of Agriculture at the University of Wisconsin; and of the way in which at my suggestion he took first Dr. O. E. Baker and later Dr. O. C. Stine into the Office of Farm Management, to inaugurate work in agricultural geography and history. This was the beginning of the transplanting of our work along these lines from the University of Wisconsin, where further progress was hampered by lack of funds, to the USDA. The transplanting was completed in 1919 when Dr. L. C. Gray and I went to Washington. On that occasion in speaking of my friendship and cooperative relations with Warren, I told of the way in which we worked together in 1909 and 1910 to help Dr. Durand, the new director of the Census, plan and tabulate the 1910 Census of Agriculture. I spoke of Warren's part in drawing up plans for the Office of Farm Management and Farm Economics, of which I became Chief in 1919; of his close association and great helpfulness in planning and working out many of the detailed problems involved in the consolidation of the work in Markets, Crop Estimates and Farm Management into the BAE in 1921. Apparently it was the interest aroused by these statements that led to my being asked to prepare a paper for this joint session on "The Early History of Agricultural Economics in the United States." I accepted the challenge thinking it would be a simple task. But upon turning to the reports to see what had been read before the Farm Economic Association during the last twenty years, I found that in December, 1931, while I was studying the
Association with the Plasma Membrane Is Sufficient for Potentiating Catalytic Activity of Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Proteins of the R7 Subfamily

Regulators of G protein Signaling (RGS) promote deactivation of heterotrimeric G proteins thus controlling the magnitude and kinetics of responses mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). In the nervous system, RGS7 and RGS9-2 play essential role in vision, reward processing, and movement control. Both RGS7 and RGS9-2 belong to the R7 subfamily of RGS proteins that form macromolecular complexes with R7-binding protein (R7BP). R7BP targets RGS proteins to the plasma membrane and augments their GTPase-accelerating protein (GAP) activity, ultimately accelerating deactivation of G protein signaling. However, it remains unclear if R7BP serves exclusively as a membrane anchoring subunit or further modulates RGS proteins to increase their GAP activity. To directly answer this question, we utilized a rapidly reversible chemically induced protein dimerization system that enabled us to control RGS localization independent from R7BP in living cells. To monitor kinetics of Gα deactivation, we coupled this strategy with measuring changes in the GAP activity by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based assay in a cellular system containing μ-opioid receptor. This approach was used to correlate changes in RGS localization and activity in the presence or absence of R7BP. Strikingly, we observed that RGS activity is augmented by membrane recruitment, in an orientation independent manner with no additional contributions provided by R7BP. These findings argue that the association of R7 RGS proteins with the membrane environment provides a major direct contribution to modulation of their GAP activity.
Introduction to Adaptive Biometric Systems

Biometric person recognition poses a very challenging pattern recognition problem because of large variability in biometric sample quality encountered during testing and a restricted number of enrollment samples for training. Furthermore, biometric traits can change over time due to aging and change of lifestyle. Effectively, the noise factors encountered in testing cannot be represented by the limited training samples . A promising solution to training data deficiency and ageing is to use an adaptive biometric system. These systems attempt to adapt themselves to follow the change in the input biometric data. Adaptive biometrics deserves a treatment on its own right because standard machine-learning algorithms cannot readily handle changing signal quality. The aim of this chapter is to introduce the concept of adaptive biometric systems in terms of taxonomy, level of adaptation, open issues and challenges involved.
The survey of dietary and nutritional status of students in Linyi City

Object To understand dietary and nutritional status of students in Linyi,and to provide evidence for students’adequate nutrition.Methods The methods of food record method and diet history method were conducted to assess dietary status. According to“food guide pagoda”and recommended nutrient (RNl) or adequate intake(AI)of "dietary reference intakes(DRIs)" to conduct dietary status.Results The primary food of students in Linyi City is grain.Vegetables,meals and eggs were adequate.The daily intakes were deficient in dietary fiber,legume,milk,fish and shrimp,while the intakes of energy,protin,Cu,Se and Vitamin PP were adequate. The collectively problem of student's dietary were deficient in dietary fiber,Vitamin C and Ca.The fat of animals were adequate. Conclusion Comprehensive strategies of intervention should include education on pattern of nutrition,and healthy dietary ages.
Study of multifocal VEP and multifocal ERG in children with accommodative esotropic amblyopia before and after treatment

[Objective] To observe the characteristic changes in children with esotropic amblyopia before and after treatment by means of multifocal VEP(mfVEP) and multifocal ERG(mfERG).[Methods] The multifocal pattern VEPs and multifocal flash ERGs were recorded in 30 children with esotropic amblyopia before and 1 year after treatment and compared with those in 15 normal children.[Results] Before treatment the N1P1 amplitude densities of mfERG and mfVEP were reduced especially significant in central area and the P1 latencies of mfVEP were delayed of esotropic eyes compared with the normal eyes.There were differences in mfVEP latencies between nasal and temporal area.After treatment,the N1P1 amplitude densities of mfERG and mfVEP were increased and the mfVEP latencies were shortened,the latency differences between nasal and temporal area were also reduced.[Conclusion] The outcome of mfERG and mfVEP improved in the esotropic amblyopia eyes after the treatment,and they can evaluate the effect of the treatment of amblyopia.
A study of the transverse velocity distribution of debris flow in a V-shaped drainage canal

The transverse velocity distribution of debris flow in a V-shaped drainage canal is a unlined distribution contacted with the design closely.It directly relates to the calculation of the impact force,the abrasion strength and other characteristic parameters,which are differently located in the transverse section of the drainage canal.However,there is hardly method to calculate the transverse velocity distribution;there is no yet corresponding provision on the standard.Thus it leads to the failure of the built V-shaped drainage canal prevention due to the erosion and the siltation.In view of this,this paper attempts to calculate the formula of the transverse velocity distribution of debris flow through the reasonable assumptions.Taking the debris flow prevention along the constructing Ya(An)-Lu(Gu) highway road for engineering background,this paper verifies the applicability of this method,which could be available for related research and reference to other design.
China's essential drug position and its rational use

The article described the legal status、availability of essential drugs,and rational drug use norms.Explore the national essential drug policy ways and means to the future of China's full implementation of the policy measures and countermeasures.To establish and perfect the national essential drug policy recommendations.
Primary treatment of metastatic high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with EMA-CO chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (EMA-CO) in the primary treatment of metastatic high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty women with metastatic high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia were treated primarily with EMA-CO between 1986 and 2005. Patients who had incomplete responses or developed resistance to EMA-CO were treated with drug combinations employing etoposide and a platinum agent with or without bleomycin or ifosfamide. Adjuvant surgery and radiotherapy were used in selected patients. Survival, clinical response and factors affecting treatment success were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 93.3% (28 of 30). Of the 30 patients treated with EMA-CO, 20 (66.7%) had a lasting clinical response, 8 (26.7%) developed resistance but were subsequently placed in remission with platinum-based chemotherapy, and 2 (6.7%) died of widespread metastatic disease. Clinical complete response to EMA-CO was significantly influenced by human chorionic gonadotropin level ( 100,000 mIU/mL, 46%), metastatic site (lung and pelvis, 75%, vs. other, 33%) and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) risk factor score ( 7, 50%). Surgical procedures were performed on 12 patients, and 4 patients received brain irradiation. Eight (80%) of 10 patients who received secondary platinum-based chemotherapy with or without surgery were cured. The 2 patients who died had stage IV disease (brain and/or liver metastases) with FIGO scores of 13 and 14. CONCLUSION: Over 93% of 30 patients with metastatic high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia treated initially with the EMA-CO protocol, often in conjunction with brain irradiation, surgical resection of sites of persistent tumor and salvage platinum-based chemotherapy, were cured.
Unusual Presentation of Meningococcal Infection

Infection with Neisseria meningitidis usually results in life-threatening septicemia and/or meningitis. Occasionally, however, infection may be mild or localized. Awareness of this fact is essentia...
Ankle position during strength training does influence isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength gains

Background: Recently, the training effect of the multijoint system was more effective than isolated joint exercise in restoring function in patients with patellofemoral dysfunction. Researchers have investigated whether differences in ankle position can facilitate or inhibit knee activity on peak torque and total work. Some researchers reported that maximum isometric electromyographic activity levels of the quadriceps during active ankle dorsiflexion or plantarflexion were greater than those performed with the ankle in a neutral position. However, all of these studies assessed knee strength during the isokinetic or isometric mode for testing alone and did not examine the effect of ankle position on isokinetic knee extensor andflexor strength gains during knee isokinetic strengthening training. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of two different active ankle positions such as plantarflexion and dorsiflexion during the isokinetic training on strengthening knee flexors and extensors. Methods: A volunteer sample of 22 healthy adults was randomized to ankle dorsiflexion (AD) and ankle plantarflexion (AP) training groups. Subjects were trained isokinetically in knee extension and flexion under two actively fixed, contracted ankle conditions (dorsiflexion or plantarflexion) four times a week for three weeks. Results: The AD group had significant improvements in the PT (peak torque) and the TW (total work) of knee extensors at 60◦/sec and the PT and the TW of knee flexors at both 60◦/sec and 180◦/sec. Significant gains in the PT and the TW of knee extensors at 180◦/sec and the PT and the TW of knee flexors at both speeds were also observed in the AP group. The AD group demonstrated 29% greater post-training gain than the AP group in the PT and TW for knee extensors at 60◦/sec (p< 0.05). The PT and TW of knee flexors at 60◦/sec in the AD group also revealed significantly greater gains by 45%and59%, respectively, than those ofAPgroup (p< 0.05). Conclusion(s): These results suggest that active ankle dorsiflexion in a knee strength training programmay bemore efficient to increase knee extensor and knee flexor strength than a plantarflexed position. Implications:Knee isokinetic strength trainingwith ankle positionwill be important clue to provide basic data and information to clinicians and patientswith knee injury like anterior cruciate ligament injury or patellofemoral dysfunction.
Middle ear effusion--allergy relationships

Middle ear effusion (MEE), in its various forms, is one of the most common disorders of childhood. There are several possible etiologies, depending on the makeup of the effusion. However, the common factor in many middle ear effusions is eustachian tube dysfunction, and the role of allergy, although only one of many possible causes, is significant. A relatively large number of children with MEE are found to have atopic disorders. Nonetheless, allergy treatment alone must not preclude the use of conventional medical and surgical therapy. Optimal results will be obtained if recurrent or persistent MEE is managed in a coordinated manner by the otologist, pediatrician and allergist.
[Human relationships in the work environment: lack of self-care among nursing professionals].

Trata-se de um estudo exploratorio descritivo de abordagem qualitativa que objetivou compreender o significado do (des)cuidado de si dos profissionais de enfermagem, bem como, as relacoes existentes entre o cuidar do outro e o cuidar de si. Teve como sujeitos profissionais de enfermagem atuantes na rede de saude. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas estruturada e semi-estruturada e analisados conforme o metodo de analise de conteudo. Os resultados desvelam o deficit de comunicacao entre a equipe multiprofissional, mantenedora de um relacionamento interpessoal gerador de insatisfacao e competicao no ambiente de trabalho como fatores de descuidado de si e entre os profissionais de enfermagem.
mcplotgl: graphics for the DAMOCLES program

mcplotgl is a dedicated plotting package which establishes ready access to meaningful visualizations of the volumes of data generated by the DAMOCLES Monte Carlo device simulation program. The capabilities of mcplotgl are discussed and typical example images based upon Si n-MOSFET simulation are presented. >