cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychopharmacology of pathologic aggression.

As a field, psychiatry discriminates against anger and aggression. Whereas we devote considerable time, energy, and resources to nosology and treatment development for most pathologic or dysregulated emotional states such as anxiety or sadness, the third dysregulated emotion, anger, arguably easily as prevalent as dysregulated anxiety or depression, is relatively unstudied in terms of pharmacologic intervention or syndromal subtyping. Like anxiety and depression, dysregulated anger is prevalent, frequently occurs concurrently with other primary psychiatric syndromes or medical or neurologic conditions, is
A dual strategy for the implementation of the aggregation principle in decision making under uncertainty

A solution method for stochastic programs is proposed based on the aggregation principle, which allows one to find the solution of a stochastic program by aggregating the solutions of individual deterministic scenario problems. The method concentrates on finding good estimates of the dual variables associated with the non-anticipativity constraints.
Balloon-wire retrieval of a migrated urethral stent in the early postoperative period

We report on a new endoscopic approach to the removal of a migrated urethral stent following hypospadias repair. A flexible balloon-tipped guide wire allows the effective cystoscopic retrieval of a urethral stent, suggesting potential applications to the removal of other foreign bodies in the urinary tract.
Kinetic states and modes of single large‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels in cultured rat skeletal muscle.

1. Kinetic states and modes of a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel in excised patches of membrane from cultured rat skeletal muscle were studied with the patch clamp technique. Up to 10(6) open and shut intervals were analysed from each of seven different excised membrane patches containing a single channel. 2. Plots of the mean durations of consecutive groups of ten to fifty open and shut intervals were made to assess kinetic stability of the channel. Occasional abrupt decreases in the mean open interval duration from normal to different distinct levels, which were maintained for hundreds to thousands of consecutive intervals, indicated entry of the channel into different modes. 3. Four different kinetic modes were identified: normal mode, which included 96% of the intervals; intermediate open mode with 3.2% of the intervals; brief open mode with 0.5% of the intervals; and buzz mode with 0.1% of the intervals. The mean open interval durations were 61% of normal during the intermediate open mode, 12% of normal during the brief open mode, and 2.6% of normal during the buzz mode. 4. Most mode transitions were observed from the normal mode to one of the other modes and then back to normal. Sojourns in the normal mode lasted 5-1000 s. Sojourns in the intermediate open, brief open, and buzz modes lasted 1.5-150, 1-7, and 0.01-1 s, respectively. 5. During normal activity the distributions of interval durations were typically described by the sum of three to four exponential components for the open intervals and six to eight exponential components for the shut intervals, and this was the case for data obtained over a wide range of open channel probability resulting from different Ca2+i. These observations suggest that the channel can enter at least three to four open and six to eight shut states during normal activity. 6. The numbers of detected states for data sets of different sample sizes drawn from normal activity agreed with theoretical predictions, and were essentially independent of the segment of normal activity from which the data sets were drawn. These observations are consistent with relative stability of channel kinetics during normal activity. Detection of each additional open or shut state after the first was found to require a 3- to 10-fold increase in the number of analysed events. 7. The intermediate open mode differed from the normal mode in that the longest open component of the four normal open components was absent.
The content and access dynamics of a busy Web site: findings and implications

In this paper, we study the dynamics of the MSNBC news site, one of the busiest Web sites in the Internet today. Unlike many other efforts that have analyzed client accesses as seen by proxies, we focus on the server end. We analyze the dynamics of both the server content and client accesses made to the server. The former considers the content creation and modification process while the latter considers page popularity and locality in client accesses. Some of our key results are: (a) files tend to change little when they are modified, (b) a small set of files tends to get modified repeatedly, (c) file popularity follows a Zipf-like distribution with a parameter &agr that is much larger than reported in previous, proxy-based studies, and (d) there is significant temporal stability in file popularity but not much stability in the domains from which clients access the popular content. We discuss the implications of these findings for techniques such as Web caching (including cache consistency algorithms), and prefetching or server-based ``push'' of Web content.
The Preparation and Study of Bis(2-quinolyl) and Bis(2-[1,8]naphthyridyl) Derivatives of Pyrimidine and Pyrazine as Bridging Ligands for RuII

The 2:1 Friedlander condensation of 2-aminobenzaldehyde or 2-aminonicotinaldehyde with either 4,6-diacetylpyrimidine or 2,5-diacetylpyrazine leads to a family of four new bis(bidentate) bridging ligands. Subsequent complexation of these ligands with [RuCl2(bpy)2] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) leads to the corresponding mononuclear and dinuclear mixed-ligand RuII complexes. Analysis of the 1H NMR spectra of these systems affords some insight into their conformational properties. Electronic spectra of the complexes evidence two long-wavelength absorption bands which correspond to typical metal-to-ligand charge transfer states. The energies of these states may be explained by electronegativities of the pendant rings on the bridging ligand as well as the substitution pattern on the central ring. For the dinuclear complexes the lowest energy absorption shows components associated with coordination to the pendant and the central rings. The appearance of two metal-based oxidations gives good evidence for strong intermetalic interaction and Koopman’s theorem is obeyed for all systems. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
A promising approach to safe, proliferation resistant production of nuclear power

With the world population reaching about 10 billion by mid-century, the requirement for carbon-free energy (estimated at 30 terawatts) to meet global needs will indeed be daunting. A sizable portion of this power is expected to come from nuclear sources fuelled by fission and/or fusion breeding. Although a great international effort is currently underway aimed at producing pure fusion power, the fact remains that such reactors will initially be characterised by a rather modest gain factor, 'Q' (the ratio of fusion power to injected power), putting in question their economic viability and potential impact on the energy crisis. It is well known, nevertheless, that fusion reactions are neutron rich and energy poor, while fission reactions are energy rich but neutron poor. As a result, it has occurred to many researchers over the past several decades that a fusion hybrid in which fusion neutrons are used to breed fissile material, thereby serving as a 'fusion fuel factory', might very well address the impending energy shortage. In this paper, we take a somewhat different approach. We propose a system in which the fusion neutrons from a fusion reactor operating at Q-value slightly larger than unity are used to drive an energy-producing blanket in which uranium-233 fissile material is bred from thorium-232 and simultaneously burned to produce energy. It will be a steady-state operating system with no criticality invoked, thus providing a measure of safety as well as potential elimination of proliferation hazards.
Process technology for submicron BiCMOS VLSI

Submicron BiCMOS is rapidly emerging as the technology of choice for many high-performance VLSI memory and logic applications. Compared to their CMOS counterparts, BiCMOS circuits can be up to a factor of two faster for the same level of technology maturity. Access times below 10 ns are being reported for 0.8- mu m BiCMOS ECL (emitter-coupled logic) input/output 256 K and 1 Mb SRAMs, and 100 K gate arrays are capable of 100-MHz clock rates. Recent advances in submicron BiCMOS device structures and process technology that have made these previously unobtainable performance-density levels possible are reviewed. >
Regulatory T Cells Specific for the Same Framework 3 Region of the Vβ8.2 Chain Are Involved in the Control of Collagen II–induced Arthritis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Recent evidence indicates that chronic autoimmune disease can result from breakdown of regulation and subsequent activation of self-reactive T cells. In many murine autoimmune disease systems and in the Lewis rat, antigen-specific T cells utilizing the T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ8.2 gene segment play a major role. In the myelin basic protein–induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model in H-2u mice, we had shown that T cells recognizing a peptide determinant within the framework 3 region of the Vβ8.2 chain have a critical role in influencing the course of the disease. Here, we report experiments in another disease system, collagen II (CII)–induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1LacJ (H-2q) mice, indicating a remarkably parallel control circuit to that found for EAE. A critical role is played by CII-specific Vβ8.2bearing T cells in the CIA system, which we have confirmed. Animals treated with the superantigen SEB before CII administration are significantly protected from CIA. Next, we tested the ability of peptides encompassing the entire Vβ8.2 chain to induce proliferative responses. Only TCR peptide B5 (amino acids 76–101), a regulatory peptide in EAE, induced proliferation. B5 was then used to vaccinate DBA/1LacJ mice and was shown to reduce greatly the severity and incidence of CIA as measured by joint inflammation or histology. Furthermore, similar protection was found when B5 was administered after CII immunization. It was shown that there is physiological induction of a proliferative response to B5 during CIA and that the determinant within B5 is produced from a single chain TCR construct containing the entire Vβ8.2 chain. Finally, the regulation of CIA is discussed in the context of other experimental autoimmune diseases, especially EAE, with emphasis on what appear to be strikingly common mechanisms.
Joint coupling design of underactuated hands for unstructured environments

This paper examines joint coupling in underactuated robotic grippers for unstructured environments where object properties and location may not be well known. A simplified grasper consisting of a pair of two-link planar fingers with compliant revolute joints was simulated as it grasped a target object. The joint coupling configuration of the gripper was varied in order to maximize successful grasp range and minimize contact forces for a wide range of target object sizes and positions. The number of actuators was also varied in order to test performance for varying degrees of underactuation. A normal distribution of object position was used to model sensing uncertainty and weight the results accordingly. There are three main results: distal/proximal joint torque ratios of around 1.0 produced the best results, both for cases in which sensory information available for the task was poor and when sensing was good; an actuator for each gripper finger performs no better than a single actuator for both fingers; and that for good sensing, the gripper should be positioned off-center from the object, resulting in an increased lever arm and lower unbalanced contact forces on the object.
A Multimedia Cross-Layer Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Underwater multimedia acoustic sensor networks will enable new underwater applications such as multimedia coastal and tactical surveillance, undersea explorations, picture and video acquisition and classification, and disaster prevention. Because of the different application requirements, there is a need to provide differentiated-service support to delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant data traffic as well as to loss-sensitive and loss-tolerant traffic. While research on underwater communication protocol design so far has followed the traditional layered approach originally developed for wired networks, improved performance can be obtained with a cross-layer design. Hence, the objective of this work is twofold: (1) study the interactions of key underwater communication functionalities such as modulation, forward error correction, medium access control, and routing; and (2) develop a distributed cross-layer communication solution that allows multiple devices to efficiently and fairly share the bandwidth-limited high-delay underwater acoustic medium.
Increasing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel during the period 1984 to 1992.

Recent (1984 to 1992) trends in the antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolates in Israel were studied by analyzing the results of 106,000 stool cultures, 3,511 of which yielded Shigella spp. Over the study period, resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) increased from 59 to 92% (P = 0.0038) and that to ampicillin increased from 13 to 86% (P
A computer simulation study of real-zero interpolation

The technique of real-zero interpolation (RZI), first described by Voelcker, permits the interpolation of a minimum-bandwidth waveform to a set of zero crossings on the time axis. RZI can thus lead to bandwidth compression of intrinsically 2-level signals, or to the conversion of analog signals into a type that is impervious to instantaneous non-linear distortion. The purpose of the simulation study described was to examine how RZI performs in a realistic communication environment, i.e., when the transmission channel is noisy, has a finite dynamic range, and when zeros can occur only at discrete points on the time axis. Attention is focused on 2-level facsimile as the most likely candidate for RZI processing, but other types of signal such as synchronous data and synchronous pulse-width modulated waves have also been studied. It is shown that RZI can yield substantial bandwidth saving for signals that carry information by their zero crossings only. The price is paid in increased vulnerability to channel noise; this may limit the applicability of RZI to channels with over 35 to 40 dB signal-to-noise ratio. Excessive amplitude swings, intrinsic to the system, can be controlled by the insertion of complex zeros. RZI may lead to a bandwidth saving of the order of 6:1 for 2-level facsimile signals. Its data handling performance is characterized by the measured rate of 1.0 to 1.6 bit/Hz. An application to direct analog encrypting of speech signals by multiplicative distortion is also described.
ASYMPTOTICALLY OPTIMAL KINODYNAMIC MOTION PLANNING FOR A CLASS OF MODULAR SELF-RECONFIGURABLE ROBOTS

Self-reconfigurable robots are composed of many individual modules that can autonomously move to transform the shape and structure of the robot. The task of self-reconfiguration, transforming a set of modules from one arrangement to another specified arrangement, is a key problem for these robots and has been heavily studied. However, consideration of this problem has typically been limited to kinematics and so in this work we introduce analysis of dynamics for the problem. We characterize optimal reconfiguration movements in terms of basic laws of physics relating force, mass, acceleration, distance traveled, and movement time. A key property resulting from this is that through the simultaneous application of constant-bounded forces by a system of modules, certain modules in the system can achieve velocities exceeding any constant bounds. This delays some modules in order to accelerate others. To exhibit the significance of simultaneously considering both kinematic and dynamics bounds, we consider the following "x-axis to y-axis" reconfiguration problem. Given a horizontal row of n modules, reconfigure that collection into a vertical column of n modules. The goal is to determine the sequence of movements of the modules that minimizes the movement time needed to achieve the desired reconfiguration of the modules. In this work we prove tight upper and lower bounds on the movement time for the above reconfiguration problem. Prior work on reconfiguration problems which focused only on kinematic constraints kept a constant velocity bound on individual modules and so required time linear in n to complete problems of this type.
Professionalism and conflicting interests: the American Psychological Association's involvement in torture.

The American Psychological Association’s ethical guidelines condoning psychologists’ participation in torture, which were motivated by professional self-interest, constitute a violation of medical ethics and international law.
Adhesion of uric acid crystals to the surface of renal epithelial cells

Adhesion of microcrystals that nucleate in tubular fluid to the apical surface of renal tubular cells could be a critical step in the formation of kidney stones, 12% of which contain uric acid (UA) either alone or admixed with calcium oxalates or calcium phosphates. UA crystals bind rapidly to monolayer cultures of monkey kidney epithelial cells (BSC-1 line), used to model the surface of the nephron, in a concentration-dependent manner. The urinary glycoproteins osteopontin, nephrocalcin, and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein had no effect on binding of UA crystals to the cell surface, whereas other polyanions including specific glycosaminoglycans blocked UA crystal adhesion. Specific polycations also inhibited adhesion of UA crystals and appeared to exert their inhibitory effect by coating cells. However, removal of anionic cell surface molecules with neuraminidase, heparitinase I, or chondroitinase ABC each increased UA crystal binding, and sialic acid-binding lectins had no effect. These observations suggest that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions play a major role in adhesion of electrostatically neutral UA crystals to renal cells, unlike the interaction of calcium-containing crystals with negatively charged molecules on the apical cell surface via ionic forces. After adhesion to the plasma membrane, subsequent cellular events could contribute to UA crystal retention in the kidney and the development of UA or mixed calcium and UA calculi.
The Mechanism of the Acute Effect of Sodium Chloride on Blood Pressure

SummaryBlood pressure was measured in anesthetized dogs during acute selective sodium chloride depletion without water depletion; total osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid was held constant thereby preventing osmotic shift of water into cells. The blood pressure changes seen were not different from those in a control series where sodium concentration remained constant. These studies fail to show that acute sodium chloride depletion per se affects blood pressure. Apparently the blood pressure changes seen with acute manipulation of the total body sodium chloride content are produced indirectly via associated changes in extracellular osmolality.
Fengyun-1C Orbital Debris Cloud Short-Term Risk Analysis

The breakup of the Fengyun-1C satellite resulted in the generation of an orbital debris cloud containing a large number of fragments that pose a collision risk to operating satellites. This paper presents an analysis of the risk posed by the Fengyun-1C debris cloud during its short-term evolution period to several sample groups of satellites. Scatter plots of risk and time profiles of flux and cumulative risk for selected satellites are shown. Results indicate that debris cloud short-term risk varied significantly across the satellites considered. I. Introduction T he breakup of the Fengyun-1C (FY-1C) satellite resulted in the generation of an orbital debris cloud containing a large number of fragments that pose a collision risk to operating satellites. The highest potential risk per unit time was posed during the short-term evolution of the debris cloud. During this period of time, the fragments had not yet uniformly spread around the debris cloud parent orbit, and the local spatial density of fragments was highest. The debris cloud was highly dynamic, and the risk posed to individual satellites was determined by the timing and geometry of penetration of the debris cloud by those satellites. This paper presents results of an analysis of the risk posed by the FY-1C debris cloud during its short-term evolution period. For the purpose of this analysis, the short-term period covers the first seven days after breakup. The risk to several sample groups of satellites is presented. Time profiles of flux and cumulative risk for selected satellites are shown. Both absolute risk (raw collision probability) and relative risk are shown. The relative risk is defined as the ratio of the absolute risk posed by the debris cloud fragments to the absolute risk posed by pre-event background objects in the same size range and over the same time interval.
Non-Invasive Interogation of Signaling Activated Gene Regulation

Many signal transduction and gene regulatory pathways are highly dynamic resulting in a variety of dynamic signaling and gene expression profiles. Currently, our biophysical understanding of these profiles relies on the manipulation of specific genes or drug treatment of specific proteins. One drawback of this approach is that a gene of interest needs to be identified to affect the pathways dynamic. Another drawback is that such perturbations may result in a significant interference with the function of the cell. In order to avoid these drawbacks, we developed a novel non-invasive perturbation approach to investigate the dynamic properties of signaling and gene regulatory pathways, without genetic manipulation or drug treatments. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach we choose to interrogate a stress response pathway in yeast, which enables us to manipulate the intensity, duration and shape of the signal transduction profile. By combining quantitative single cell and single molecule experiments with predictive modeling, we are able to quantify signal transduction activation, signal transduction saturation and gene expression activation thresholds, which is not possible to quantify with any other currently available technology. We also found that the signaling dynamics is proportional to the first time derivative of the external perturbation profile. Because this approach is independent of the biological pathway or organism, it presents a general methodology to interrogate signaling and gene expression pathways non-invasively without the need for genetic or drug perturbations.
Virus infection of cells in mitosis II. measles virus infection of mitotic HEp-2 cells.

SummaryFluorescein labeled antibody staining of HEp-2 cell cultures infected with an inoculum of measles virus free of cell debris and other particulate matter revealed the presence of measles virus antigen in cells in metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Mitotic cells were shown to be readily recruited into syncytia induced by measles virus, both in absence and presence of colchicine. These observations contrast with the results of similar studies made in HEp-2 cell cultures infected with Herpes simplex virus and indicate that cells in different stages of the mitotic cycle are not uniformly susceptible to infection with different viruses, or even the same virus.
Reducing blood viscosity with magnetic fields

Blood viscosity is a major factor in heart disease. When blood viscosity increases, it damages blood vessels and increases the risk of heart attacks. Currently, the only method of treatment is to take drugs such as aspirin, which has, however, several unwanted side effects. Here we report our finding that blood viscosity can be reduced with magnetic fields of 1 T or above in the blood flow direction. One magnetic field pulse of 1.3 T lasting ~1 min can reduce the blood viscosity by 20%-30%. After the exposure, in the absence of magnetic field, the blood viscosity slowly moves up, but takes a couple of hours to return to the original value. The process is repeatable. Reapplying the magnetic field reduces the blood viscosity again. By selecting the magnetic field strength and duration, we can keep the blood viscosity within the normal range. In addition, such viscosity reduction does not affect the red blood cells' normal function. This technology has much potential for physical therapy.
Gender Difference and College Students' Perception of Nuclear Power Risk:Case Study of 300 College Students from Two Universities in Liaoning Province

Different attitudes to and knowledge of science and technology exist between different genders. In order to understand the gender differences in risk perception towards nuclear power, the authors adopt a questionnaire designed by Taiwanese scholars. The questionnaire survey is conducted among 300 students who come from Northeastern University and Shenyang Jianzhu University. The results of the questionnaire survey show that the students are of medium level of perception to the risk of nuclear power. Analysis of the gender differences in the risk perception of nuclear energy reveals that females are more sensitive than males in their perception of nuclear energy risk and are more pessimistic about it. At the end of the paper, the authors draw on female experience and put forward suggestions from the four respects of ST education, ST work, ST decision-making and risk communication, to promote the development of nuclear power in China.
Sodium-dependent succinate transport by isolated chick intestinal cells.

Isolated chick intestinal epithelial cells take up succinate by a Na(+)-coupled transport system similar in some characteristics to those described for renal epithelium. The transport system exhibits a hyperbolic dependence on succinate concentration but a sigmoidal dependence on Na+ concentration. Best nonlinear fit of the Na+ dependence data to the Hill equation indicates a Michaelis constant for half-maximal transport rate (Km) for Na+ of approximately 20 mM, a maximal transport rate (Vmax) of 1.1 nmol succinate.min-1.mg protein-1, and a Hill coefficient of 2.5. Nearly equivalent fit was obtained with trial Hill coefficients down to 2.0. The data for succinate dependence indicated a Km of 25 microM and Vmax of 1.05 nmol.min-1.mg protein-1. The kinetic parameters indicate a higher affinity, lower capacity system than for succinate transport in the renal brush-border system. Thiocyanate-induced diffusion potentials cause no change in Na(+)-dependent succinate influx despite pronounced effects on the influx of tetraphenylphosphonium and on Na(+)-dependent alpha-methylglucoside (AMG) and alanine uptake. Several other dicarboxylic and tricarboxylic metabolic intermediates (but not the dicarboxylic amino acids) compete with succinate for uptake via the transport system. The data are consistent with the likelihood that these cells have a succinate transport system with a 2Na+:1succinate stoichiometry per transport cycle. The system catalyzes no net charge transfer and is therefore different from the potential-responsive succinate transporter described for renal tissue.
Effect of Cold Work and Heat Treatment on the 4°K Tensile, Fatigue and Fracture Toughness Properties of Incoloy 908

The influence of prior cold work on tensile properties, fatigue crack growth rates and fracture toughness of Incoloy 908 was examined at 293°K and 4.2°K. Fatigue crack growth rates were measured using a constant AK technique. Crack length was determined using compliance. Fracture toughness was determined by the J-integral technique. Properties following heat treatment were compared for two starting conditions: (1) solution annealed at 980°C for 1, hour and (2) solution annealed followed by 20% cold work. Three heat treatments were studied: (1) aging at 650°C for 200 hours, (2) aging at 700°C for 100 hours, and (3) aging at 750°C for 50 hours.
Formation of dislocation channels in neutron irradiated molybdenum

Abstract The formation of deformation-induced dislocation channels in neutron irradiated molybdenum and the loop-dislocation interactions were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. It is suggested that the irradiation-induced defect - microstructure is unstable with respect to the stress. Under the influence of the stress, loops start gliding on their glide cylinders in transition region of a cascade where vacancies and interstitials may coexist. Results indicate that loop-loop interactions have a significant role in the early stage of channel formation; dislocations are not seen either within or at the ends of the embryonic channels. There are two consequences of loop-loop interactions: the reduction in the loop density due to their mutual annihilation in localized regions and the increase in the loop sizes due to the coalescence of loops having the same nature. On further stressing, the segments of the larger loops could serve as the source of mobile dislocations. The yielding may occur when the stress level is high enough to activate the coalescence-produced glide sources. Furthermore, results on the attractive loop-dislocation interactions suggest that they may not have a significant role in eliminating defect clusters. On the other hand, the repulsive interactions may have a substantial role in altering the microstructure of the irradiated metals.
CRT-800.14 Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Prior to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Matched Cohort Analysis

A significant proportion of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) have coexisting significant coronary artery disease (CAD). There is limited data regarding outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with severe AS and
Acoustic Characterization of One-Port Sources and Its Application to Duct Noise Control System Design

In the design of a duct system acoustic aspect is very important for its efficient and quiet performance. Electro-acoustic speakers, engines, fans, blowers, pumps and fluid machines are some of the commonly used sources (figure 1) in duct systems. A literature survey indicates that there have been continuous efforts in theoretical and experimental modeling of duct noise control systems such as muffler systems. Although there are several acoustic studies on duct noise control systems, still the acoustic characterization of sources and their interaction with loads has been a challenging task.
The Development of Enzyme Activities in Corneal Connective Tissue Cells during the Lag Phase of Wound Repair I. 5-Nucleotidase and Succinic Dehydrogenase

I The activities of two enzyme systems, S-nucleotidase and succinic dehydrogenase, xohich do not occur in normal rat corneal connective tissue cells, have been investigated during the socalled "lag" phase of wound repair. The remits clearly shoio that there is new enzyme formation or activation in the cells surrounding the injured area within short periods after injury to the cornea. Since the inflammatory reaction also occurs at the same time as the "lag phase," special precautions have been taken to identify unequivocally the cell types possessing enzyme activity. 5-Nucleotidase began to develop faint activity in the corneal fibrocytes within 6 hours and became progressively more intense throughout the first 4 days, becoming gradually restricted to the fibroblasts at the wound edge. Four days after the injury occurred, activity began in the basal cell layers of the epithelium adjacent to the active fibroblasts in the wound. The succinic dehydrogenase reaction in the connective tissue was very similar to that of 5-nucleotidase, but its activity increased up to 7 days after injury.
Graph-Density Applied to Resolvent Commutation, and Operational Calculus

The primary objective of this chapter is to obtain purely infinitesimal conditions which are equivalent to the validity of resolvent commutation relations, which connect the resolvents R(λ,A) = (λ - Ā)-1 of one closable endomorphism A ∈ A(D) with another such operator B ∈ A(D).1 Here, D is taken to be a dense subspace of a Banach space E, and the most easily stated example of such a commutation relation is the geometrically convergent identity for u ∈ D $$ \bar {\text{BR}}(\lambda ,{\text{A}}){\text{u}} = \sum \{ ( - 1)^{\text{k}} {\text{R}}(\lambda ,{\text{A}})^{{\text{k}} + 1} ({\text{ad}}\,{\text{A}})^{\text{k}} ({\text{B}}){\text{u}}:\;0 \leq {\text{k}} < \infty \}. $$ (1)
Community-Based Participatory Research: Advancing Integrated Behavioral Health Care Through Novel Partnerships

The call for interdisciplinary collaboration in health care is longstanding, and our collective efforts to answer this across mental health and biomedical care and training sites are evolving faster today than ever before. As we do this, it is important to recognize the lived experience, wisdom, and energy of the patients, families, and communities that we serve—and that we, as professionals, advance our effort(s) in a manner that honors this insight. In this chapter, we describe community-­based participatory research (CBPR) as a way of partnering professionals with lay communities to work together to create health initiatives that neither group, respectively, could create by itself. We highlight core tenets that guide CBPR and, drawing from our own and others’ work, share important lessons learned. We discuss data collection and analysis (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods designs), and offer suggestions and guidance regarding education and training for those interested in learning more about partnering and working with communities in CBPR.
Mechanism of Turbulent Transport at Interface

The study of turbulent interfacial transport of stratified horizontal cocurrent flow is reviewed. The question of continuity of interfacial shear stress is discussed. It is found that shear stress is always continuous at the interface. With surface waves, shear stress outside of the wave region may not be continuous from vapor to liquid phase when substantial energy is required to sustain the growing waves. Wave height depends on interfacial shear stress; therefore k and v/u * are not independent length scales in contrast to pipe flow. For small amplitude waves, v/u * seems to suffice. Preliminary direct Reynolds stress measurement indicates turbulence generation at the interface dominates. Further work needs to clarify the role of surface waves in turbulence generation.
Practical Tight-Binding Hückel-Like Modeling of Electronic Properties of Saturated Hydrocarbons: On σ-Aromaticity of Cyclopropane and Correlations of Alkane Ionization Energies and Enthalpies of Formation Corrected for Protobranching

This testing of σ-aromaticity in cyclopropane and protobranching in alkanes via a Huckel-like model proposed by Klein and Larson is expedited by mirror-plane fragmentation per the method of McClelland originally developed for conjugated polyenes. Alkane carbon sp3 orbitals are represented by edge weighted tetrahedral stellate graphs connected to hydrogen orbitals.
Racial and Socioeconomic Inequity in the Spatial Distribution of LGBTQ Human Services: an Exploratory Analysis of LGBTQ Services in Chicago

LGBTQ people of color and low-socioeconomic status face a heavy burden of health, economic, and social disparities. Understanding the factors that hinder or facilitate efforts to address these disparities is critical to achieving equity and improving social welfare. This study explores one potential factor: the spatial distribution of LGBTQ human services. A spatially referenced dataset of 193 LGBTQ human service sites in the Chicago area was compiled between November 2015 and January 2016. Sites were geocoded and mapped in ArcGIS along with data from the 2011–2015 American Community Survey. Geospatial techniques were used to assess racial and socioeconomic patterns in service distribution. Analyses revealed that sites were disproportionately located in majority non-Hispanic/Latino White (71.0%) and upper-income (63.7%) block groups. Additionally, analyses revealed that Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and poor to low-income residents of Chicago disproportionately live in LGBTQ service deserts. These patterns in the distribution of LGBTQ services may present barriers to addressing disparities by making services less accessible for racial/ethnic minorities and lower-income individuals. System- and structural-level interventions are needed to reduce spatial inequities in the distribution of LGBTQ human services in Chicago in order to facilitate efforts to address LGBTQ disparities among racial/ethnic minorities and individuals with lower socioeconomic status.
SYNTHETIC ANGIOTENSIN II EXACERBATION OF SEPTIC MYOCARDITIS, CAUTIOUS UTILIZATION OF NOVEL VASOPRESSOR PHARMACEUTICALS

Treatment of septic shock has become standardized nationwide. Patients who fail adequate fluid resuscitation require urgent treatment with vasopressors. Only recently has physician's choice of vasopressor expanded to incorporate synthetic Angiotensin II (SA2). A 33-year-old male was transferred for
Trends and predictors of hospitalization after emergency department asthma visits among U.S. Adults, 2006-2014.

Background: Asthma hospitalizations are an ambulatory care-sensitive condition; a majority originate in emergency departments (EDs).Objective: Describe trends and predictors of adult asthma hospita...
The German Economy: 1960–1985

The emergence of the German economy as a bastion of economic stability and its success in dealing with major economic shocks since the 1960’s can largely be attributed to the consensus among all groups involved in the economic decision making process. Historical, political, and psychological factors — the experience of two hyperinflations and the vast destruction of World War II — explain the overriding concern with economic stability and security which is reflected in many of the formal and informal institutional arrangements in Germany today.
The Unsettling of Europe: How Migration Reshaped a Continent: By Peter Gatrell London: Allen Lane, 2019, 548 pp., £30 (hardback), ISBN 9780465093632

Once during a study mission to European Union (EU) institutions, I noticed two young people – an American undergraduate and a recent Belgian law graduate serving in the cabinet of an EU official – ...
Anomalous Hydrogen Evolution on Magnesium

When Mg undergoes anodic polarization in a corrosive environment, the rate of hydrogen evolution (HE) increases with increasing applied anodic potential or current, which is opposite of the expected behavior based on standard electrochemical kinetics. This anomalous HE has been the recent focus of researchers worldwide. In this work, the behavior of sputtered Mg thin films and scratched Mg electrodes is presented. HE vanished when the potential of a pit in Mg thin films was increased into the region where a salt film formed. The peak anodic current on scratched samples was not anomalous, as it decreased slightly with increased potential. These observations indicate that the HE rate on Mg depends on the nature of the surface and that anomalous HE results from the surface being more catalytic to the HE reaction with increasing dissolution rate.
Cellular pathways promoting pulmonary vascular remodeling by hypoxia

Exposure to hypoxia increases pulmonary vascular resistance, leading to elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and, potentially, right heart failure. Vascular remodeling is an important contributor to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Hyperproliferation of smooth muscle, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, and deposition of extracellular matrix lead to increased wall thickness, extension of muscle into normally non-muscular arterioles, and vascular stiffening. This review highlights intrinsic and extrinsic modulators contributing to the remodeling process.
Cello gestures: a rejoinder to “Strawberry feel forever: understanding metaphor as sensorimotor dynamic” by Dor Abrahamson

Analogies juxtapose different objects to bring forward the similarities between them; they invite comparisons. Unlike metaphors, which take imagery from one realm of experience and apply it to anot...
Health Care as an Ongoing Policy Project

Health Care as an Ongoing Policy Project The United States lags behind peer countries on key health outcomes, and the pandemic has highlighted weaknesses of U.S. health care. Though Americans have ...
Special Anatomical Zone: Craniocervical Junction Tumors

Tumors of the craniovertebral junction tumors (CVJ) remain a significant challenge, given the anatomic complexity of the region. A thorough clinical examination, interpretation of radiographic imaging, understanding of the regional anatomy, obtaining histologic diagnosis, and establishing the goals of surgery are necessary to provide the best outcomes. Surgical approaches for CVJ tumors include the dorsal, transcondylar, and transoral approaches. The development of spinal instrumentation has not only provided a safer treatment option but also an opportunity for surgical durability while patients undergo adjuvant treatment. In this chapter, we discuss the epidemiology, clinical evaluation, workup, and surgical options and outcomes for the treatment of primary and metastatic tumors of the CVJ.
Human–robot collaboration: a fabrication framework for the sequential design and construction of unplanned spatial structures

Robots in traditional fabrication applications act as passive participants in the process of creation—simply performing a set of predetermined actions to materialize a completed design. We propose ...
Transforming Aging Services: Area Agencies on Aging and the COVID-19 Response.

For over four decades, Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) have served as focal points to help older adults remain in their homes and communities. AAAs partner with other organizations to administer services authorized under the Older Americans Act (OAA). AAAs represent loosely coupled systems; they are responsive to guidelines established by the OAA while maintaining flexibility to leverage limited resources, establish partnerships, and create innovative programs to meet community needs. As stay-at-home orders and concern for safety have kept many older adults homebound during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an important question is how the Aging Network, including the over 600 AAAs, has responded to these rapidly changing needs. Although time and more systematic assessments are required, available information suggests that the loosely coupled network of AAAs has been a key, adaptable resource. This article begins with a description of the Aging Network and its history before turning to how the community-specific, collaborative, and evolving nature of AAAs places them at a unique position to respond to the challenges that arise with COVID-19. It concludes with how AAAs can continue to adapt to meet the needs of older adults and the people who care for them.
Omental evisceration in a gravid woman following second-trimester laparoscopy: A case report.

Abstract Surgeons performing laparoscopy in pregnancy are developing specific practices to improve care of gravid women. In this case, a pregnant 26-year-old patient underwent laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy in the second trimester, with cyst wall removal through an 8 mm umbilical port site incision. She returned four days later with pain and drainage from the umbilicus, and examination under anesthesia revealed omental evisceration through the umbilical incision. The patient healed well following excision of affected omentum, reapproximation of fascia in a simple, interrupted fashion, and closure of skin in a subcuticular fashion. Due to increased intra-abdominal pressure associated with a gravid uterus and other factors, port site closure for incisions smaller than 10 mm may improve healing and prevent complications of laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy.
Increase in Daily Steps During the Early Phase of a Physical Activity Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes as a Predictor of Intervention Outcome.

This pilot study aimed to test whether increase in daily steps and day-to-day consistency in daily steps during the first several weeks of a physical activity intervention predicted outcomes. This was a secondary analysis from two concurrent studies testing a positive psychology-motivational interviewing intervention to increase physical activity and positive affect in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Steps were measured with accelerometers at study assessments (baseline, end-of-treatment, and 8-week follow-up) and were measured daily throughout the intervention by participants using provided pedometers. We calculated change in steps from intervention week 1 to week 3, along with variability in daily steps over the first 3 weeks, using the best fitting regression line modeling their change. Multiple regression analyses tested whether these predictors were associated with change in physical activity at the end of treatment and at 8-week follow-up. Additionally, we explored the utility of specific cutoffs (e.g., 500 steps) for early step change using a minimum p-value approach. In 52 participants, larger step increases by week 3 predicted activity increase at end-of-treatment and follow-up. Variability in early steps was not associated with outcomes. Early increase cutoffs of 500 and 2000 steps may have practical relevance. Early response to a physical activity intervention appears to be a useful predictor of outcome and could be used to identify those unlikely to succeed in a given intervention early in treatment. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT03150199 and NCT03001999
SNAP Participants and High Levels of Food Insecurity in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately strained households experiencing poverty, particularly Black and Latino households. Food insecurity, which entails ...
Gameday homes: Mapping emerging geographies of housing speculation and absentee ownership in the American South

Abstract Cities around the world are increasingly marked by the proliferation of speculative real estate developments that are owned, but rarely occupied, by the global elite. This paper examines the emergence of a particular form of speculative real estate development unique to smaller college towns across the American South, largely as a result of the regional prominence of American football: the gameday home. Just like luxury real estate in global cities, gameday homes are rarely inhabited by their owners and serve primarily as an investment vehicle, but also serve to reshape the character of urban space and put increased pressure on local housing markets. This paper represents the first known attempt at quantifying and analyzing the local geographies of gameday home investments, using a case study of Starkville, Mississippi. While estimates of gameday homes are inherently fuzzy, it is argued that gameday homes represent somewhere between 5% and 10% of the total housing units in the city. Ultimately, it is argued that even though such vacant investment properties do little to improve the lives of local residents, the tax revenue generated by such properties makes it unlikely that such forms of speculation will be regulated moving forward.
IDENTIDADE DAS COORDENADORAS PEDAGÓGICAS

Esta pesquisa objetiva refletir sobre a visao das coordenadoras pedagogicas das Escolas Municipais de Ensino Fundamental (EMEFs) da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Canoas (RMEC) do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), acerca de sua identidade. Para isso, realizamos um estudo de caso, de cunho qualitativo, com uso de pesquisa bibliografica, instrumento de producao de dados e observacao, com registro em diario de campo. A interpretacao dos dados foi feita a partir da Analise de Conteudo (BARDIN, 2011). Identificamos que as coordenadoras pedagogicas tem conhecimento de suas atribuicoes, que sao baseadas no apoio docente e discente, no contexto da gestao pedagogica da escola. Como proposicao, sugerimos a construcao de um planejamento estrategico para auxiliar tal coordenacao nas acoes preventivas e numa formacao permanente