cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Education, Environmental Attitudes and the Design Professions

As the concept of sustainability continues to become more popular within society, a number of different professions are called on to help champion the movement. With the resources train inflicted by the construction industry alone, dedicated architects and interior designers are important players in forward progress. Though many organizations and associations have been created to help the building industry embrace sustainability both practically and theoretically, theactual implementation of green building practices in construction has been minimal. The main focus of this study is to look at the influence of undergraduate education on designers’ interest in sustainable design. Additional research interest was in environmental attitudes and the impact of interpersonal relations on those attitudes. Self-proclaimed practitioners in the green building industry were surveyed through a specified email list of the U.S. Green Building Council. The survey was web-based and addressed issues including environmental attitudes, undergraduate education and professional training. Dunlap and Catton’s widely-used New Ecological Paradigm scale was included to measure proenvironmental orientation of the professionals. Contrary to the main hypothesis of the study, undergraduate education was not seen by subjects to be a fundamental force in the decision to concentrate on sustainability. A number of educational elements typically seen in environmental education, including interpersonal interactions, were mentioned by subjects as substantially influential and are therefore explored. Keywords: ethics, attitudes, design education
Intra-cochlear trafficking of aminoglycosides.

Cochlear sensory hair cells are pharmacologically sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotics that are used for treating life-threatening bacterial sepsis. Cochlear tissues are compartmentalized behind an impermeable paracellular barrier called the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB). Most macromolecules cannot cross the blood-labyrinth barrier; however, aminoglycosides can cross this barrier into the cochlear fluids and enter hair cells, inducing hair cell death and consequent permanent hearing loss or deafness. The trafficking routes and cellular mechanisms required for aminoglycoside trafficking across the blood-labyrinth barrier remain unknown. Aminoglycosides enter cochlear hair cells across their apical membranes that are bathed in endolymph, a hitherto unexpected trafficking route. The stria vascularis, a component of the blood-labyrinth barrier, preferentially loads with aminoglycosides. Our recent work demonstrates that the stria vascularis exhibits high expression of the cation-selective ion channel TRPV4...
The novel bovine serpin endopin 2C demonstrates selective inhibition of the cysteine protease cathepsin L compared to the serine protease elastase, in cross-class inhibition.

Molecular cloning revealed the unique serpin endopin 2C that demonstrates selective inhibition of cathepsin L compared to papain or elastase. Endopin 2C, thus, functions as a serpin with the property of cross-class inhibition. Endopin 2C possesses homology in primary sequence to endopin 2A and other isoforms of endopins related to α 1 -antichymotrypsin, yet endopin 2C differs in its target protease specificity. Recombinant endopin 2C showed effective inhibition of cathepsin L with a stoichiometry of inhibition (SI) of 1/1 (molar ratio of inhibitor/protease), with the second-order rate constant, k a s s , of 7.2 x 10 5 M - 1 s - 1 . Less effective endopin 2C inhibition of papain and elastase occurred with k a s s association rate constants of approximately 1 x 10 4 M - 1 s - 1 with high SI values. Endopin 2C formed SDS-stable complexes with cathepsin L, papain, and elastase that are typical of serpins. These results are among the first to demonstrate stable serpin complexes with target cysteine proteases. Interactions of endopin 2C with cathepsin L and elastase were indicated by protease cleavage of the RSL region between P1-P1' residues of Thr-Ser. The hydrophobic Phe residue in the P2 position of the RSL region is consistent with the specificity of cathepsin L for hydrophobic residues in the P2 position of its substrate cleavage site. The NH 2 -terrninal signal sequence of endopin 2C, like that of cathepsin L, predicts their colocalization to subcellular organelles. These findings demonstrate endopin 2C as a novel serpin that possesses cross-class inhibition with selectivity for inhibition of cathepsin L.
Ammonium and Tetraalkylammonium Cyanates

Abstract The preparation of several quaternary ammonium cyanates and their use in preparing ammonium cyanate is described.
Self-Assembly and Bonding of Alkanephosphonic Acids on the Native Oxide Surface of Titanium

Alkanephosphonic acids assemble from solution on the native oxide surface of titanium to form alkane chain ordered films which, however, are easily removed by solvent rinse. In contrast, assembling the alkanephosphonic acid from solution on the native oxide surface of titanium followed by gentle heating gives an alkane chain ordered film of the acid which is strongly surface-bound; this film resists removal by solvent washing or simple mechanical peel testing. Surface imaging by atomic force microscopy shows comprehensive surface coverage by aggregated islands, with elevations of each consistent with monolayer formation. ω-Carboxyalkanephosphonic acids are also easily bound to the native oxide surface of Ti through self-assembly/heating. Infrared analysis is consistent with surface attachment through the phosphonate headgroup.
An improved myosin affinity technique for the rapid extraction of actin and associated proteins from cell homogenates.

Abstract A batch procedure for isolating actin and actin-associated proteins is presented. The method utilizes native, insoluble myosin thick filaments to extract actin from clarified cell homogenate. An ATP release step allows separation of actin from the myosin and offers improved resolution of the minor associated proteins. The activation of myosin ATPase and the identification of tropomyosin in the ATP release supernatants are discussed in terms of potential microfilament extraction.
Low-temperature solid-state 15N NMR characterization of polypeptide backbone librations

The local molecular dynamics of gramicidin A in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers were probed by a combination of low-temperature solid-state 15N NMR and rapid freezing of samples using liquid propane. It has previously been shown that this approach leads to sharp discontinuities in powder-pattern spectra of the gramicidin channel in lipid bilayers, and hence, an accurate determination of tensor element magnitudes is achieved. The static-tensor-element magnitudes determined here using hydrated bilayer samples at low temperatures are different from the values obtained from dry-powder samples at 308 K. However, for the one site studied, the orientation of the 15N chemical-shift tensor in the molecular frame is the same for both types of samples. Averaging of the chemical-shift tensor between 200 and 263 K is shown to be anisotropic and consistent with a motional axis parallel with the C alpha-C alpha axis for adjacent residues. The librational amplitudes determined here range from +/- 14 degrees to +/- 22 degrees at 263 K and are significantly larger than the nanosecond librations characterized by relaxation studies. The nanosecond motions are thought to represent correlated motions, while the librations described here are the sum of correlated (nanosecond) and uncorrelated (picosecond) motions. The picosecond librational amplitudes become considerably larger and more isotropic above 0 degree for the residues near the bilayer surface.
ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF ELECTROCHEMICALLY GENERATED p-PHENYLENEDIAMIANE RADICALS

Two-dimensional spectral-spatial electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging was used to measure the spatial distribution of p-phenylenediamine radicals that were generated electrochemically in the EPR cavity. The multi-line EPR spectrum obtained from a spectral slice through the image was in good agreement with the non-gradient spectrum. A spatial slice showed that the radicals were localized in the vicinity of the working electrode.
Spiritual Exemplars: An Introduction

This essay introduces the special issue, provides criteria for evaluating spiritual exemplars, presents a case study to illustrate how spiritual exemplars can extend our knowledge of spiritual development, and makes important distinctions between types of exemplars and between positive and pathological spirituality.
In situ deformations in the immature brain during rapid rotations

Head trauma is the leading cause of death and debilitating injury in children. Computational models are important tools used to understand head injury mechanisms but they must be validated with experimental data. In this communication we present in situ measurements of brain deformation during rapid, nonimpact head rotation in juvenile pigs of different ages. These data will be used to validate computational models identifying age-dependent thresholds of axonal injury. Fresh 5 days (n=3) and 4 weeks (n=2) old piglet heads were transected horizontally and secured in a container. The cut surface of each brain was marked and covered with a transparent, lubricated plate that allowed the brain to move freely in the plane of rotation. For each brain, a rapid (20-28 ms) 65 deg rotation was applied sequentially at 50 rad/s, 75 rad/s, and 75 rad/s. Each rotation was digitally captured at 2500 frames/s (480x320 pixels) and mark locations were tracked and used to compute strain using an in-house program in MATLAB. Peak values of principal strain (E(peak)) were significantly larger during deceleration than during acceleration of the head rotation (p<0.05), and doubled with a 50% increase in velocity. E(peak) was also significantly higher during the second 75 rad/s rotation than during the first 75 rad/s rotation (p<0.0001), suggesting structural alteration at 75 rad/s and the possibility that similar changes may have occurred at 50 rad/s. Analyzing only lower velocity (50 rad/s) rotations, E(peak) significantly increased with age (16.5% versus 12.4%, p<0.003), which was likely due to the larger brain mass and smaller viscoelastic modulus of the 4 weeks old pig brain compared with those of the 5 days old. Strain measurement error for the overall methodology was estimated to be 1%. Brain tissue strain during rapid, nonimpact head rotation in the juvenile pig varies significantly with age. The empirical data presented will be used to validate computational model predictions of brain motion under similar loading conditions and to assist in the development of age-specific thresholds for axonal injury. Future studies will examine the brain-skull displacement and will be used to validate brain-skull interactions in computational models.
Mecamylamine selectively blocks nicotinic receptors on vasomotor sympathetic C neurons

Mecamylamine differentially blocked fast nicotinic transmission in two functional subsets of sympathetic neurons within lumbar paravertebral ganglia of the bullfrog. EC50s for inhibition of postsynaptic compound action potentials were 27.3+/-2.5 microM in the secretomotor B system and 5.7+/-0.7 microM in the vasomotor C system. This 5.2:1 selectivity is 2.6 times greater than observed previously with d-tubocurarine, a nonselective blocker of nicotinic receptors, and it indicates that mecamylamine preferentially interacts with nicotinic receptors on sympathetic C neurons. We tested this by analyzing the effect of mecamylamine upon synaptic currents. In both cell types, the drug produced a qualitatively similar picture of open-channel blockade. It reduced EPSC amplitude, speeded EPSC decay, and became more effective with membrane hyperpolarization and repetitive activity. Despite these similarities, 8 microM mecamylamine reduced EPSC amplitude to a greater extent in C neurons, and the rate constant for drug binding to open channels was 4.4 times greater in B cells, irrespective of membrane potential. This implies that the unblocking rate for mecamylamine is much slower in C cells than B cells, and it shows that the drug recognizes a structural difference between nicotinic receptors on these two populations of sympathetic neurons.
Multiplexed Low-Frequency Electric and Magnetic Field Fiber Optic Sensors

A frequency-multiplexed fiber optic interferometric sensor designed for the simultaneous measurement of low-frequency electric and magnetic fields is demonstrated. The sensor relies on the nonlinear transduction mechanism in electrostrictive and magnetostrictive materials for frequency-division multiplexing in a single interferometer with one unmodulated laser. The sensor exhibits extremely low cross talk (< −75 dB) between channels. Effects resulting from the nonlinear response of the fiber optic interferometer are discussed with regard to sensor multiplexing. Finally, low-frequency electromagnetic signals from remotely located electric and magnetic dipoles are detected with the fiber optic sensor.
Conchospore production and seasonal occurrence of some Porphyra species (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) in Washington State

The leafy thalli of species of the marine red algal genus Porphyra grow rapidly but persist for a relatively short time on rocky intertidal or subtidal substrata or as epiphytes on other marine plants. In most species, the large, short-lived leafy thalli alternate with small, presumably perennial, filamentous ‘conchocelis’ plants. Depending on the species of northeastern Pacific Porphyra, photoperiod and temperature are important regulators of conchospore formation and release. Data from laboratory studies of conchospore formation and release in five Washington species of Porphyra (P. abottae, P. nereocystis, P. perforata, P. pseudolanceolata and P. torta) indicate that conchospores are most likely to be released at a time that precedes the appearance of the leafy thalli in the field.
Palliative treatment of thiamine-related encephalopathy (Wernicke's encephalopathy) in cancer: A case series and review of the literature.

Objective: Thiamine-related encephalopathy (Wernicke's encephalopathy) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by a vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency often associated with alcoholism. Cancer predisposes patients to thiamine deficiency unrelated to alcoholism, though many cases are missed clinically. The present report adds to the literature on thiamine as a palliative tool for thiamine-related encephalopathy (TRE) in cancer. Method: From a larger series of TRE in cancer, we report on three cases with terminal illness. Results: Case 1. A 61-year old woman with Hodgkin's lymphoma developed TRE over 13 days. Precipitants included a hypermetabolic state in the background of subacute thiamine deficiency. Diagnosis was supported by abnormal serum thiamine and positive MRI findings. Mental status improved within 36 hours of initiating thiamine 500 mg IV t.i.d. Case 2. A 68-year-old man with colon cancer metastatic to liver and bone developed TRE precipitated by C. difficile–related diarrhea superimposed on 3 months of low appetite and weight loss. Diagnosis was supported by abnormal serum thiamine, and thiamine 500 mg IV t.i.d. was initiated. Improvements in mental status began within 36 hours. Case 3. An 80-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma developed TRE precipitated by systemic infection in the context of three weeks of dysphagia. Antibiotic treatment did not reverse his cognitive symptoms, and a diagnosis of TRE was made based on operationalized criteria. Thiamine 100 mg IV daily did not reverse his symptoms. On his 30th day of admission, thiamine was increased to 500 mg IV t.i.d., resulting in a rapid reversal of altered mental status. Significance of Results: This report adds to the list of cancer types in which TRE/Wernicke's encephalopathy has been reported. It supports the use of higher doses of thiamine than are typically recommended in North America. Improvement following treatment allowed patients to engage with family and treatment teams prior to death.
Games addicts play

Unlike some experts in this field, these authors are mercifully brief! They neither moralize, nor admonish, nor oversimplify, nor claim fast cures, nor ask for more money.
Cutaneous Metastasis of Transitional Cell Carcinoma in 12 Dogs

In humans, cutaneous metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has been attributed to direct extension, lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination, or surgical implantation. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical and histologic features of cutaneous TCC metastasis, confirmed by uroplakin-III immunohistochemistry, in dogs. The 12 cases were 9 spayed female and 3 neutered male dogs, 6 to 14 years old (mean, 11 years). Four dogs had a history of urinary incontinence. Three had undergone abdominal surgery for TCC diagnosis or treatment. The primary neoplasms were 7 papillary infiltrating and 5 nonpapillary infiltrating TCC. Cutaneous lesions were detected at a mean of 123 days (median, 38 days) after diagnosis of the primary TCC and appeared as plaques, papules, or nodules in, with 1 exception, perineal, inguinal, or ventral abdominal dermis or subcutis. Of 8 dogs with dermal TCC, 5 had epidermal erosion or ulceration. In 10 dogs, TCC was detected in cutaneous lymphatic vessels, identified by endothelial immunoreactivity for Prox1. Metastases were also detected in lymph nodes in all dogs and at distant noncutaneous sites, usually the lungs, in 10 dogs. Mean survival after diagnosis was 162 days (median, 90 days). Despite medical treatment of 10 dogs after the development of cutaneous metastasis, remission was not achieved; 4 dogs had stable disease. Although TCC could have spread to skin by direct extension or lymphatic or vascular dissemination, the proximity of most cutaneous metastases to the vulva or prepuce raises the additional possibility of transepidermal spread through urine-scalded skin.
VIFOR: a tool for software maintenance

VIFOR is a software tool oriented towards maintenance of medium-to-large Fortran77 programs. With VIFOR, programs can be displayed and edited in two forms: as the code and as the graph. VIFOR also contains transformations in both directions, i.e. from code to graph and from graph to skeletons of code. Hence, it is suitable for re-engineering and maintenance of existing code. Specially designed browsers implement the graphical interface. VIFOR contains a database that is based on a simple but effective data model of Fortran programs. The model contains only four entity classes and three relations, which makes the tool small, and easy to implement and use. A simple query language allows browsing through the database.
Determination of 5° × 5° gravity anomalies using satellite-to-satellite tracking between ATS-6 and Apollo

Summary A geodynamics experiment was performed in 1975 July during the joint US/USSR Apollo/Soyuz Mission. The experiment's main purpose was to demonstrate that the‘high–low’satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) technique could be used to resolve the high-frequency components of the Earth's gravitational field. During this experiment, expected high-frequency-range-rate changes were observed between the‘high’Applications Technology Satellite-6 (ATS-6) in a geosynchronous orbit and the‘low’flying Apollo spacecraft in a nearcircular, near-Earth orbit. A total of 348 5°× 5° mean free air gravity anomalies have been recovered using data from 30 processed Apollo orbits (52° N to 52° s) and the area covered by the ATS-6 spacecraft (64° W to 116° E). A comparison with anomalies independently determined from only that GEOS-3 altimeter data which were available in the same area was found to be in agreement within 7 mgals. This estimated accuracy includes the effects of unadjusted anomalies on the solution. The magnitude of this‘aliasing’effect is still under study.
Sangalan Oral Traditions as Philosophy and Ideologies

Sangalan is located in northeast Guinea in the region of MaliYambering. It was a federation of groups of villages, consisting of three taane (kafo in Malinke, districts or groups of villages): Dombiya, Uyukha, and Djulabaya. To these three taane correspond three ethnic subgroups, the Dombiyanne, Uyukhanne, and Djulabayanne. The Dombiyanne were mostly the Keita families; the Uyukhanne the Camara; and the Djulabayanne the Nyakhasso. The people of Sangalan are Dialonka—those living in Sangalan are called the Sangalanka. They are originally all from Dialonkadougou, at first a province of the Soso empire founded and ruled by Sumanguru Kante, and later a province of the empire of Mali, created by Sundiata Keita in the thirteenth century. The Sangalanka call themselves “Sosoe Forine” (Old Sosoe), the Sosoe who lived on the high mountains (dialon) of both the Soso and Manden empires. They call the other Sosoe, living along the Guinean coast, Bani Sosone (Sosoe of the Coast, near the water). The Soso Forine and Bani Sosone lived in the Futa Jallon and were driven away by the Fulani invaders in the eighteenth century.
Travelling waves for a nonlocal double-obstacle problem

Existence, uniqueness and regularity properties are established for monotone travelling waves of a convolution double-obstacle problemut =J*u−u−f (u),the solution u(x, t) being restricted to taking values in the interval [−1, 1]. When u=±1, the equation becomes an inequality. Here the kernel J of the convolution is nonnegative with unit integral and f satisfies f(−1)>0>f(1). This is an extension of the theory in Bates et al. (1997), which deals with this same equation, without the constraint, when f is bistable. Among many other things, it is found that the travelling wave profile u(x−ct) is always ±1 for sufficiently large positive or negative values of its argument, and a necessary and sufficient condition is given for it to be piecewise constant, jumping from −1 to 1 at a single point.
THE EFFECT OF INJECTION OF A SALINE EXTRACT OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY ON THE GLUCOSE TOLERANCE OF RATS

PERMANENT DIABETES has been produced in the dog by means of the injection of suitable extracts of the anterior pituitary by a number of investigators (1–4). However, as yet no one has been able to obtain similar results in the intact rat. Permanent diabetes has been established in this species by the injection of anterior pituitary extracts only after partial pancreatectomy (5). This resistance of the rat to anterior pituitary extract has attracted considerable attention. Anselmino, Herold, and Hoffmann (6) reported that the administration of an aqueous extract of an acetonedried pituitary preparation to normal rats resulted in a substantial increase in the number and size of the islets of Langerhans in a few days. Hoffmann and Anselmino (7) showed that these histological changes were associated with a fall in blood sugar and attributed these effects to a pancreatropic action of the pituitary extract. In 1937 Richardson and Young
Towards a texture naming system: Identifying relevant dimensions of texture

Recently, researchers have started using texture for data visualization. The rationale behind this is to exploit the sensitivity of the human visual system to texture in order to overcome the limitations inherent in the display of multidimensional data. A fundamental issue that must be addressed is what textural features are important in texture perception, and how they are used. We designed an experiment to help identify the relevant higher order features of texture perceived by humans. We used twenty subjects, who were asked to rate 56 pictures from Brodatz's album on 12 nine-point Likert scales. We applied the techniques of hierarchical cluster analysis, non-parametric multidimensional scaling (MDS), classification and regression tree analysis (CART), discriminant analysis, and principal component analysis to data gathered from the subjects. Based on these techniques, we identified three orthogonal dimensions for texture to be repetitive vs. non-repetitive; high-contrast and non-directional vs. low-contrast and directional; granular, coarse and low-complexity vs. non-granular, fine and high-complexity. >
Sensitive Method for the Bioassay of Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone in Human Saliva

A procedure for the biological assay of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) or MSH-like peptide fractions in human saliva is described. Samples of whole saliva were collected from normal individuals. The amount of MSH-like activity was estimated to be between 0.3 and 1.0 international units per milliliter of saliva.
A cross-sectional survey of the association between bilateral topical prostaglandin analogue use and ocular adnexal features

We studied the relation between prostaglandin analogue use and ocular adnexal features. We used a prospective, cross-sectional study involving 157 current, 15 past, and 171 never users of prostaglandin analogues. Patients 50 years of age or older and without conditions affecting ocular adnexal anatomy underwent glaucoma medication use history, external digital photography and systematic external adnexal exam. Two masked readers assessed the digital photos for upper lid dermatochalasis and lower lid steatoblepharon using a validated grading scheme. Another masked clinical examiner also assessed upper lid ptosis, levator muscle function, and inferior scleral show. We performed ordinal logistic regression analysis accounting for multiple covariates to assess the relation between prostaglandin analogue use and adnexal features. Multivariable analyses indicated there was a 230-fold increased risk of incremental involution of dermatochalasis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43-3.69; p = 5.44E-04) and a 249-fold increased risk of incremental loss of lower lid steatoblepharon (OR = 2.49; 95% CI, 1.54-4.03; p= 1.98E-04) associated with current prostaglandin analogue use (bimatoprost 0.03%, travoprost 0.005%, or latanoprost 0.004%) versus prostaglandin analogue never or past users. Upper lid ptosis (OR = 4.04; 95% CI, 2.43-6.72; p = 7.37E-08), levator dysfunction (OR = 7.51; 95% CI, 3.39-16.65; p = 6.74E-07) and lower lid retraction (OR = 2.60; 95% CI, 1.58-4.28; p = 1.72E-04) were highly associated with current prostaglandin analogue use versus prostaglandin analogue never or past users. The associations between prostaglandin analogue use and deepening of the upper lid sulci and between prostaglandin analogue use and loss of inferior periorbital fat are confirmed in this multivariable analysis. The associations between prostaglandin analogue use and levator muscle dysfunction and between prostaglandin analogue use and upper lid ptosis represent significant side effects that could impact visual function in glaucoma patients.
Entropy in Bi-substrate Enzymes: Proposed Role of an Alternate Site in Chaperoning Substrate into, and Products out of, Thymidylate Synthase

Three steps along the pathway of binding, orientation of substrates and release of products are revealed by X-ray crystallographic structures of ternary complexes of the wild-type Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthase enzyme. Each complex was formed by diffusion of either the cofactor 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate or the folate analog 10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate into binary co-crystals of thymidylate synthase with 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate. A two-substrate/enzyme complex is formed where the substrates remain unaltered. The imidazolidine ring is unopened and the pterin of the 5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate cofactor binds at an unproductive "alternate" site. We propose that the presence of the pterin at this site may represent an initial interaction with the enzyme that precedes all catalytic events. The structure of the 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate and 10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate folate analog complex identifies both ligands in orientations favorable for the initiation of catalysis and resembles the productive complex. A product complex where the ligands have been converted into products of the thymidylate synthase reaction within the crystal, 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate and 7,8-dihydrofolate, shows how ligands are situated within the enzyme after catalysis and on the way to product release.
Scalable duplicate pruning strategies for parallel A* graph search

In parallel A* graph search on distributed-memory machines, different processors may perform significant duplicated work if inter-processor duplicates are not pruned. The only known method for duplicate pruning associates a particular processor with each distinct node of the search space using a suitable hash function. Then duplicate nodes arising in different processors are transmitted to the same processor, and thereby pruned. There are two main drawbacks attributable to such an approach: (1) Load balance is determined solely by the hash function and is unsatisfactory. (2) Node transmissions for duplicate pruning are global; this can lead to hot spots in the network. We propose two different duplicate pruning techniques that outperform this hashing-only method by using: (1) separate algorithms for duplicate pruning and load balancing, and (2) a novel search space partitioning scheme that evenly spreads out the bandwidth requirement for pruning over the entire parallel architecture. Using the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) as a test case, we find that on a 10-dimensional nCUBE2 hypercube multicomputer, our pruning strategies yield a speedup improvement of more than 135% over previous methods that do not prune any duplicates, and more than 155% over the hashing-only pruning scheme. >
The morning after: alcohol misuse and employment problems

Using a rich, recent and nationally representative longitudinal survey specifically designed to examine alcohol use and associated problems, we investigate the effects of alcohol misuse on a series of understudied and perhaps less common employment problems. Such problems include being fired or laid off from a job, sustained unemployment and conflicts with a supervisor and/or co-worker. After controlling for time-invariant omitted variables via fixed effects estimation, we find evidence that three measures of alcohol misuse are significantly related to employment problems. The results offer new information on the potential adverse labour market effects of alcohol misuse and shed light on potential mechanisms through which alcohol misuse may impact intensive labour supply and/or wages.
Bioactive and biomimetic restorative materials: a comprehensive review. Part II.

The objective of this two-part review article is to compare and contrast the composition, properties, and performance of the calcium silicate- and calcium aluminate-based, bioactive dental materials, with an emphasis on the restorative applications of this evolving class of materials. Part I examines the development and application of the calcium silicate-based materials ranging from dental materials derived from Portland cement to more recent materials based on further modifications of calcium silicate cement chemistry. Part II will consider the development, composition, properties, and application of the bioactive calcium aluminate-based materials that have recently been developed for several indications in restorative dentistry. Clinical Significance Bioactive materials have evolved over the past three decades from relatively specialized, highly biocompatible, but low-strength dental materials to now emerge in product compositions for expanded clinical uses in restorative dentistry. Further developments to meet additional restorative clinical needs are anticipated in this newly emerging category of dental materials.
The role of porosity in filtration. Part X: Deposition of compressible cakes on external radial surfaces

Theorie du depot de lits de particules compressibles sur des surfaces cylindriques, lors de filtration a pression constante et a vitesse constante. Il y a ecoulement radial dans les filtres tubulaires et dans les centrifugeuses pour filtration et pour sedimentation. Il differe mathematiquement de la filtration sur des surfaces planes selon la maniere dont le bilan de trainee par frottement a la structure des particules est couple avec l'equation de Darcy
Genetic Improvement of Wine Yeast

Until recently, most of the attention directed toward wine improvement has been concentrated upon improvement of grape varieties and their culture and on fermentation and wine-making practices. Relatively little has been paid to improvement of the other major organism involved in wine production, the wine yeast. This is now changing; papers reporting on genetic studies of wine yeasts are appearing with increasing frequency. For the wine maker it is extraordinarily fortunate that yeast has become one of the premier organisms for basic genetics research and is at the same time one of the leading industrial microorganisms. The wine maker can thus profit from both the impressive arsenal of genetic techniques and the extensive biochemical and molecular information on the yeast cell and also from decades of practical experience in handling it in large-scale industrial processes. A very comprehensive review of the genetics of all types of industrial yeasts has recently appeared (Johnston and Oberman 1979). Much of the information on brewing, baking, and dis-tilling yeasts is of direct interest to the wine yeast geneticist. The ability to utilize both conventional mutagenesis, hybridization, and selection programs in addition to the newly developed techniques of molecular cloning and protoplast fusion give yeast an advantage shared by few other organisms and should make possible the design of strains that a few years ago would have been impossible.
Impact of local adjuncts to scaling and root planing in periodontal disease therapy: a systematic review.

Background: Chronic periodontitis affects many adults in the United States, some severely enough to threaten tooth loss. Of particular clinical importance is whether scaling and root planing (SRP) accompanied by a local adjunctive therapeutic agent improves outcomes over time compared to SRP alone. The adjunctive therapeutic agents investigated include: tetracycline, minocycline, metronidazole, a group of other antibiotics, chlorhexidine, and a group of antimicrobials. Primary outcomes considered are reductions in probing depth (PD) and gains in clinical attachment level (CAL). Methods: RTI-UNC Evidence-Based Practice Center staff searched MEDLINE (1966 through December 2002) and EMBASE (through February 2002) to identify clinical trials published in English that 1) involved adults with chronic periodontitis but no serious comorbidities; 2) tested one or more chemical antimicrobial agents as an adjunct to SRP alone or with a placebo; 3) had a concurrent control group that received the same SRP as the trea...
Sensor for Stiffness Measurements Within the Adult Rat Hippocampus

This paper presents a sensitive compliance measurement system for determining the stiffness of the adult rat hippocampus. The device has been successfully fabricated which consists of two strain gauges incorporated in the SU-8 based cantilever. The cantilever-sensor has been fully characterized and its strain sensitivity was found to be approximately 2.5. in vitro testing on the brain tissue has successfully demonstrated that the system is sufficiently sensitive to provide distinctive direct stiffness measurements on various hippocampal regions.
Short-Term Change in Physical Function and Disability The Women's Health and Aging Study

Objectives . Although measures of physical function are predictive of future disability, little is known about the shortterm impact of changes in physical function on disability. Methods . Data from 93 of the 102 women who participated in the Weekly Substudy of the Women’s Health and Aging Study (WHAS) were used to explore the association of changes in physical function with disability. The WHAS Substudy included 24 weekly assessments of three standard performance tests and self-reported disability in activities of daily living (ADLs) and basic mobility. Results . Using random-effects models, we found small but significant ( p s � .01) changes in ADL and mobility disability during weekly follow-up. Baseline performance scores were significantly associated with both ADL and mobility disability ( p s � .001), accounting for 27% and 36% of the between-person variability in each type of disability, respectively. After adjustment for baseline scores, change in performance scores was significantly associated with ADL disability ( � � 0.08, p � .01) and mobility disability ( � � 0.12, p � .001), but accounted only for a small proportion ( � 10%) of the variability in the rate of change in disability outcomes. There was no evidence for an additional effect on either type of disability because of having a single episode of a higher or lower than usual performance score, or because of periods of at least 4 consecutive higher or lower than usual performance test scores. Discussion . Basic physical functions account for a substantial proportion of the heterogeneity in ADL and mobility disability among older disabled women, but have a relatively small impact on short-term changes in either type of disability. Effective prevention of disability may require attention to a wider array of risk factors than just limitations in basic physical functions.
Relationship of thrombin-stimulated arachidonic acid release and metabolism to mitogenesis and phosphatidylinositol synthesis.

Thrombin and certain prostaglandins are both capable of stimulating the proliferation of cultured cells. Since thrombin stimulates the release and metabolism of arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandins, we examined the relationship between this release and metabolism and the stimulation of cell division in cultured fibroblasts. We also examined the role of prostaglandin synthesis in thrombin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol synthesis. The data in this report demonstrate that the release and metabolism of arachidonic acid are not necessary for thrombin-stimulated cell division. The presence of a low concentration of chymotrypsin prevented thrombin-stimulated arachidonic acid release and metabolism without affecting the stimulation of cell division. Furthermore, thrombin-stimulated cell division occurred in the presence of indomethacin concentrations that prevented cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid. The following experiments showed that thrombin-stimulated phosphati-dylinositol synthesis was brought about by a cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolite(s) of arachidonic acid. Indomethacin inhibited the cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid without affecting the thrombin-stimulated release of arachidonic acid. Indomethacin also inhibited thrombin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol synthesis. The dose dependence of this inhibition paralleled the inhibition by indomethacin of cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid. In addition, prostaglandin F2, stimulated phosphatidylinositol synthesis in the presence of indomethacin concentrations which prevented thrombin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol synthesis.
Three-Dimensional CFD Modeling of Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Different Fuels

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology has been of great interest over many years due to its flexibility in using different fuels including the fundamental fuel i.e. hydrogen, for its operation. Various computational and numerical models have been developed along with experimental work to evaluate the performance as well as to identify and overcome the problems faced in the development of SOFC’s. In an attempt to achieve efficient operation with respect to design and combined thermal and electrochemical perspective, the main objective of the proposed study is to present a three-dimensional computational model which will serve as a framework for the analysis and optimization of SOFC’s. A three-dimensional (3-D) model of a tubular SOFC is being developed to study the effect of temperature and electrolyte thickness variations on its performance. A commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-FLUENT was used for the development of the tubular model which incorporates an interactive 3-D electro-thermo-chemical fluid flow analysis. The particular model, after validation against experimental observations for selected benchmark cases, was demonstrated to be compatible for intermediate temperatures using hydrogen as the fuel. The performance of the model was analyzed by varying electrolyte thicknesses from 2–100 μm. The same model was further evaluated using different fuels such as CH4 (methane) and CO (carbon monoxide), including the modeling of the reformation and water-gas shift reactions. The results were compared to other computationally less expensive, analytical and empirical models that could serve as basic models for future research on intermediate temperature SOFC’s.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Acute SIV infection of the brain leads to upregulation of IL6 and interferon-regulated genes: expression patterns throughout disease progression and impact on neuroAIDS.

Abstract The virus/host interactions during the acute phase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection help determine the course of disease. During this time period, virus enters the brain. Here, we report clusters of genes whose transcripts are significantly upregulated in the frontal lobe of the brain during acute simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus monkeys. Many of these genes are involved in interferon (IFN) and/or interleukin (IL)-6 pathways. Although neither IFNα nor IFNγ are elevated in the brain, IL6 is increased. Both IFNα and IL6 are elevated in plasma during this acute phase. The upregulation of STAT1, verified by immunohistochemical staining, can be due to both central nervous system (CNS) (SIV and IL6) and peripheral (IFNα and IL6) causes, and can itself drive the expression of many of these genes. Examination of the levels of expression of the upregulated genes in the post-acute and long-term phases of infection, as well as in SIV encephalitis, reveals increased expression throughout SIV infection, which may serve to protect the brain, but can have untoward long-term consequences.
Lower confidence bound on the percentage improvement in comparing two failure rates

It is often necessary to determine whether a design change in a product has actually improved its failure rate, and to compute a lower confidence bound on the percentage of failure rate improvement affected by the change. It is shown that such a bound can be computed based on certain test data. The main result is a special case on an equivalent result derived in Lehmann (1959) for hypothesis testing and used extensively in applied statistics. However, it is not well known in its confidence interval form, nor is it extensively reported in reliability methods books, and its derivation is important in reliability testing. >
The linus sequence

Define the Linus sequence Ln for n ≥ 1 as a 0–1 sequence with L1 = 0, and Ln chosen so as to minimize the length of the longest immediately repeated block Ln−2r+1 ⋅⋅⋅ Ln−r = Ln−r+1 ⋅⋅⋅ Ln. Define the Sally sequence Sn as the length r of the longest repeated block that was avoided by the choice of Ln. We prove several results about these sequences, such as exponential decay of the frequency of highly periodic subwords of the Linus sequence, zero entropy of any stationary process obtained as a limit of word frequencies in the Linus sequence and infinite average value of the Sally sequence. In addition we make a number of conjectures about both sequences.
Preparation and Electrical Properties of Lanthanum-Doped Lead Titanate Thin Films by Sol–Gel Processing

Lanthanum-doped lead titanate thin films have been prepared by sol–gel processing. These studies reveal the structural and electrical properties of 18 mol% La-doped PbTiO3 thin films to be dependent on the annealing conditions. With appropriate annealing conditions, a relative dielectric constant of about 900 was obtained, comparable to the bulk composition.
Abstract 4730: Molecular analysis of the pediatric cancer fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma

Genomic analysis of the pediatric cancer fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare liver tumor that usually occurs in adolescents and young adults. Originally considered a variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), FLHCC is characterized by hepatocytes with deeply eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm interspersed with fibrous bands, without signs of cirrhosis as in HCC. Since little is known of its molecular pathogenesis, we performed RNA-seq and whole genome sequencing of FLHCC paired with normal liver from the same patient. Our results demonstrated that the majority of the DNA is unremarkable with few recurrent mutations or structural variants such as amplifications or inversions The major finding is a heterogeneous deletion of ∼400 kB in chromosome 19 which produces a chimeric transcript and a fully functional protein, a fusion between the heat shock protein DNAJB1 and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PRKACA). Our initial observation of this chimera in 15 out of 15 patients has now been expanded to 116 out of 116 patients. Differential expression analysis of RNA-seq revealed many changes in the gene expression in FLHCC as compared to its paired normal liver. These changes were highly consistent from patient to patient, suggesting a unifying pathogenesis. The RNA-seq from our FLHCC samples had little in common with HCC samples from the TCGA or published reports of other cancers. An analysis of protein expression correlated well with the RNA-seq results. Some observed changes can directly be linked to increased activity of PRKACA. Other changes involve pathways known to participate in the initiation and progression of other cancers, which, along with an increase of PRKACA activity, represent targets for therapeutic intervention. Several of these targets are now being explored in cellular models, genetic, and PDX mouse models, as well as clinical trials. Citation Format: Elana P. Simon, Joshua N. Honeyman, David G. Darcy, Brad R. Rosenberg, Iris I. Lim, Jennifer M. Murphy, Ben Farber, Gadi Lalazar, Catherine Freije, Michael P. La Quaglia, Sanford M. Simon. Molecular analysis of the pediatric cancer fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4730. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4730
Midwinter Emergence in Hibernating Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus)

Abstract Hibernation is an important behavioral event in temperate-region reptiles for escaping periods of harsh winter temperatures. Generally considered a dormant period, observations of winter activity suggest that hibernating reptiles may be more active than initially thought. To examine winter activity in a species that commonly hibernates, Timber Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus), we monitored the detailed movements and body temperatures (Tbs) of free-ranging snakes over two winters. Hourly Tbs and movements of snakes throughout a five-month hibernation period were monitored for midwinter activity and potential thermoregulatory behavior. Environmental temperatures and snake operative temperatures were used to estimate time periods when snakes were at or on the surface. Visual observations of snakes basking on the surface were uncommon; however, hourly recorded snake Tbs revealed that 69% of the snakes emerged to the surface to bask two or more times for a total of 60 emergence events from 14 individu...