cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Theory of Combination of Enterprises on Individual Farms

The writer desires first of all to confess that unfortunately no new revelations on the theory of combination of enterprises have come to him in the preparation of this paper. Merely to review the contributions of other workers in this field may seem like threshing over old straw. This is especially true since the theories bearing on this subject have been admirably stated by a number of writers in recent farm management literature.' However, a review of the farm management research work to date, especially as it relates to the problem of combining enterprises on individual farms, leads to the conclusion that there are some phases which need to be given greater emphasis in the future if the results are to show real progress in the field. First of all we need to close the gap between the broad economic principles, which form the foundation for our approach to the farm management problem, and to the analysis of specific problems on individual farms. In other words, we should try to place the problem of the combination of enterprises on the individual farm in its proper setting with respect to the general economic principles which have a bearing on that problem. This may mean a preliminary qualitative analysis and later a refinement, testing, or application of such principles; or all of these steps in some instances, but the important point is that the analysis is not complete before the nature of the connection of the principles to the specific problem is decided.3 Secondly, we need closer analysis of the situation on actual individual farms if our conclusions are to have as much validity as we would like to claim for them. This involves more detailed information on the nature of each individual enterprise in the business; but also, and more important perhaps, a greater realization of the complexity and the essential unity of the organism called a farm business.
Pregnancy rates of postpartum beef cows that were synchronized using Syncro-Mate-B or the Ovsynch protocol

We compared pregnancy rates of beef cows subjected to the traditional Syncro-Mate-B protocol or the new Ovsynch protocol and timed insemination. Multiparous Angus cows (n = 436) were stratified by age, postpartum interval, and AI sire and were randomly divided into two treatment groups for synchronization of estrus/ovulation. Approximately half of the cows (n = 216) received the traditional Syncro-Mate-B protocol with 48-h calf removal from the time of implant removal until breeding. The remaining cows (n = 220) received the Ovsynch protocol, which consists of an injection of GnRH (100 microg) on d -10, an injection of PGF2alpha (25 mg) and 48-h calf removal on d -3, another injection of GnRH and calf return on d -1, and timed insemination 24 h later (d 0). Blood samples were collected from all cows before treatment to identify anestrous and cyclic females. Pregnancy rates were higher (P < .025) for Ovsynch-treated cows (54%) than for Syncro-Mate-B-treated cows (42%). Pregnancy rates of cyclic Ovsynch-treated cows (59%) were higher (P < .005) than pregnancy rates of cyclic Syncro-Mate-B-treated cows (38%). Pregnancy rates of anestrous cows also tended to favor synchronization with the Ovsynch protocol. From these data, we conclude that the Ovsynch protocol is capable of inducing a fertile ovulation in cyclic and anestrous beef cows and that pregnancy rates to a timed insemination are higher than those obtained with synchronization of estrus using Syncro-Mate-B.
Eradication of Biofilm-Like Microcolony Structures of Borrelia burgdorferi by Daunomycin and Daptomycin but not Mitomycin C in Combination with Doxycycline and Cefuroxime

Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and Europe. While the majority of Lyme disease patients can resolve their symptoms if treated promptly, 10-20% of patients suffer from prolonged symptoms called post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Although the cause for PTLDS is unclear, one possibility is the presence of bacterial persisters not effectively cleared by the current Lyme antibiotics. Recent studies identified several drug candidates including daptomycin, daunomycin, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C that had good activity against B. burgdorferi persisters. However, their relative activities against B. burgdorferi persisters have not been evaluated under the same conditions. In this study, we tested the anti-persister activities of these drugs against both 7-day and 15-day old stationary phase cultures of B. burgdorferi individually as well as in combination with Lyme antibiotics doxycycline and cefuroxime (Ceftin). Our findings demonstrate daunomycin and daptomycin were more active than mitomycin C in single drug comparison at 10 and 20 µM, as well as in drug combinations with doxycycline and cefuroxime. In addition, daunomycin was more active than doxorubicin which correlated with their ability to stain and accumulate in B. burgdorferi. The two drug combination of doxycycline and cefuroxime was unable to eradicate biofilm-like microcolonies of B. burgdorferi persisters. However, the addition of either daunomycin or daptomycin to the doxycycline + cefuroxime combination completely eradicated the biofilm-like structures and produced no visible bacterial regrowth after 7 days and 21 days, while the addition of doxorubicin was unable to prevent regrowth at either 7 day or 21 day subculture. Mitomycin C in combination with doxycycline and cefuroxime caused no regrowth at 7 days but visible spirochetal regrowth occurred after 21 day subculture. Furthermore, we found that cefuroxime (Ceftin), the third commonly used and most active antibiotic to treat Lyme disease, could replace cefoperazone (a drug no longer available in the US) in the daptomycin +doxycycline combination with complete eradication of the biofilm-like structure as shown by lack of any regrowth in subcultures. Our findings may have implications for improved treatment of Lyme disease.
Hemodynamic Metrics Correlate With Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture Status Better Than Morphologic Metrics

Given the considerable risk of treating unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs), as well as the known severe morbidity of aneurysm rupture, elucidating those aneurysms that require prophylactic treatment can be a quandary. Traditionally, decision-making to treat an unruptured aneurysm was largely based on the Size of the aneurysm, but recent studies have failed to show significant correlation of Size with IA rupture, and a large number of ruptured aneurysms are small in Size.[1] Consequently, shape-based morphologic metrics have been explored in current investigations, and complex shapes have been correlated with rupture.[1] With the advancement of 3D angiography, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology, patient-specific hemodynamics analysis has become feasible. Intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic factors, including wall shear stress (WSS), impingement regions, and oscillatory shear index (OSI), have been proposed as indicators for IA rupture risk.[2, 3] No study has rigorously examined both morphology-based and hemodynamics-based parameters from a uniform cohort to compare their relative importance. Our aim, therefore, was to identify significant morphologic and hemodynamic parameters that correlate with an aneurysm’s rupture status and examine whether hemodynamic parameters can separate ruptured and unruptured aneurysms better than morphologic parameters.© 2010 ASME
Earthquakes in Northwest Louisiana and the Texas–Louisiana Border Possibly Induced by Energy Resource Activities within the Haynesville Shale Play

ABSTRACT We utilize Transportable Array data to survey regional seismicity in east Texas and northwest Louisiana. Through analyst review and a waveform‐matching technique, we identify 58 earthquakes occurring between April 2010 and July 2012. The earthquakes spatially cluster within two main zones, near Timpson, Texas, and within Bienville Parish, Louisiana; minor clusters occur in the Texas–Louisiana border region. Although the Timpson earthquakes have been studied previously, we identify many undetected earthquakes that occurred in 2010, about two years prior to the 17 May 2012 M w 4.8 earthquake, which has been linked to wastewater injection. The Bienville Parish sequence, which consists of magnitude 0.5–1.9 earthquakes in mid‐ to late‐2011, occurred about 10 km from wells that began injecting at relatively modest rates (∼40,000 barrels (bbl) per month) in late 2010 but within a few kilometers of production wells that were being hydraulically fractured around the same time period. An additional cluster of seismicity was observed, near Center, Texas, with some seismicity occurring in the months prior to the start of wastewater injection and the largest earthquake in that sequence occurring when injection exceeded 200,000 bbl/month; this may be a case in which injection into a seismically active area promoted a larger earthquake. Finally, there was also seismicity observed near the Toledo Bend Reservoir in Louisiana. The evidence concerning some of the sequences indicates they might be associated with either hydraulic fracturing or recent increases in wastewater injection at wells within the unconventional Haynesville shale gas play. The results of this study highlight the need for more extensive seismic monitoring in the central and eastern regions of the United States of America.
Is chronic traumatic encephalopathy a real disease

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has received widespread media attention and is treated in the lay press as an established disease, characterized by suicidality and progressive dementia. The extant literature on CTE is reviewed here. There currently are no controlled epidemiological data to suggest that retired athletes are at increased risk for dementia or that they exhibit any type of unique neuropathology. There remain no established clinical or pathological criteria for diagnosing CTE. Despite claims that CTE occurs frequently in retired National Football League (NFL) players, recent studies of NFL retirees report that they have an all-cause mortality rate that is approximately half of the expected rate, and even lower suicide rates. In addition, recent clinical studies of samples of cognitively impaired NFL retirees have failed to identify any unique clinical syndrome. Until further controlled studies are completed, it appears to be premature to consider CTE a verifiable disease.
Calibrating method of camera in opto-electronic system

A new linear three-step approach for camera calibration was proposed to deal with camera model of one order radial distortion. In the first stage, all extrinsic parameters except for translation vector in Z-axis are computed by using the Radial Alignment Constraint (RAC). In the second stage, the one order radial distortion parameter is computed by using cross ratio invariability. In the third stage, all the missing parameters are computed by least square method. Experiments with simulated data as well as real image show that the new approach is efficient, robust and accurate. And the approach eliminates the nonlinear iterative calculation processes.
Response of the Isolated Guinea Pig Bladder to Exogenous and Endogenous Leukotrienes

Abstract Noninfectious urinary bladder inflammation is a poorly understood phenomenon, and the participation of leukotrienes (LTs) in the pathogenesis of bladder inflammation is unclear. Leukotrienes are synthesized by the bladder, and exogenous LTs induce contraction of isolated bladder segments. LTD4 and LTC4 were more potent contractile agents than LTE4. Leukotriene-induced contractions were blocked by ICI 198,615 (10−6 M. and 10−7 M.) a specific LT receptor antagonist. In the presence of indomethacin (5 × 10−6 M.), bladder contraction in response to LTD4 was increased. Endogenous LT release was studied using an experimental model of cystitis. Antigen (ovalbumin 10−6 to 10−2 mg./ml.) challenge of bladder segments isolated from actively sensitized animals induced release of LT, prostaglandin D2 and histamine. A-64077 (Zileuton), a 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, significantly reduced contraction of sensitized bladder tissue in response to antigen challenge in a concentration-dependent manner and abolished LT release. These data indicate that the guinea pig urinary bladder produces sulfidopeptide-LTs that can be released upon specific stimulation. Furthermore, LTs activate specific receptors promoting bladder contraction. Our findings suggest that specific 5-LO inhibitors or LT-receptor antagonists might be useful in treating or preventing bladder inflammation.
What Is the Best Strategy for Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A 52-year-old man who was a pedestrian struck by a car is a patient in your intensive care unit (ICU). No history is known, and no one has been able to reach his family. The impact was mainly on his left chest and abdomen, and the patient required intubation upon arrival to the emergency department. A computed tomography (CT) scan upon admission showed a pulmonary contusion, along with 2 rib fractures. The patient’s condition has been worsening, and a chest X-ray (CXR) shows complete whiteout of both lungs. A partial pressure of oxygen/inspired fraction of oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio of 90 is calculated, and the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is made.
The system chromium-carbon

The chromium-carbon system up to 20 pct carbon was reinvestigated using metallographic, X ray, and thermal analyses. The transformation temperatures pertinent to the three known carbides were examined, resulting in higher temperatures than heretofore given for some of these transformations. Many attempts were made, all unsuccessful, to form a carbide “CrC”.
Lens Dose Reduction by Patient Posture Modification During Neck CT.

OBJECTIVE. Radiation exposure of the lens during neck CT may increase a patient's risk of developing cataracts. Radiologists at the National Institutes of Health worked with technicians to modify t...
Permeation of Gases and Vapours in Polymers

The solution and transport behaviour of low molecular weight substances in polymeric materials is a topic of interest for many fields of science and technology. The importance and relevance of such behaviour has become more apparent in recent years with the accelerating development of separation membrane systems, highly impermeable or selectively permeable packaging or barrier films, and the overall increase in the use of polymeric materials for diverse applications with consequent exposure to various environmental agents.
Atheism as a Concealable Stigmatized Identity: Outness, Anticipated Stigma, and Well-Being ψ:

In a preliminary exploration of atheists using a concealable stigmatized identity framework, we investigated outness, identity magnitude, anticipated stigma, and psychological and physical well-bei...
Effect of solids settling on Pachuca tank performance

Pachuca tanks are used widely in the mineral industry for leaching and mixing operations. An analysis has been presented previously to predict circulation of homogenous slurry in Pachuca tanks with full height draft tubes. However, settling of solids causes deviation from the homogenous case. Circulation of settling slurry in a Pachuca tank is modeled and shown to be a function of settling velocity, solids fraction, solid and liquid density, air flow rate, and tank dimensions. The pressure balance is shown to be very sensitive to these parameters, especially at low slurry velocities. Equations for predicting the air requirements in Pachuca tanks containing settling solids are presented.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Novel Human-Like H3N2 Influenza A Viruses, A/swine/Oklahoma/65980/2017 (H3N2) and A/Swine/Oklahoma/65260/2017 (H3N2), Detected in Swine in the United States.

ABSTRACT Two novel human-like H3N2 influenza A virus strains, A/swine/Oklahoma/65980/2017 (H3N2) and A/swine/Oklahoma/65260/2017 (H3N2), were isolated from porcine samples submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in the United States.
An Annotation Saved is an Annotation Earned: Using Fully Synthetic Training for Object Instance Detection

Deep learning methods typically require vast amounts of training data to reach their full potential. While some publicly available datasets exists, domain specific data always needs to be collected and manually labeled, an expensive, time consuming and error prone process. Training with synthetic data is therefore very lucrative, as dataset creation and labeling comes for free. We propose a novel method for creating purely synthetic training data for object detection. We leverage a large dataset of 3D background models and densely render them using full domain randomization. This yields background images with realistic shapes and texture on top of which we render the objects of interest. During training, the data generation process follows a curriculum strategy guaranteeing that all foreground models are presented to the network equally under all possible poses and conditions with increasing complexity. As a result, we entirely control the underlying statistics and we create optimal training samples at every stage of training. Using a set of 64 retail objects, we demonstrate that our simple approach enables the training of detectors that outperform models trained with real data on a challenging evaluation dataset.
The Caenorhabditis elegans NF2/Merlin Molecule NFM-1 Nonautonomously Regulates Neuroblast Migration and Interacts Genetically with the Guidance Cue SLT-1/Slit.

During nervous system development, neurons and their progenitors migrate to their final destinations. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the bilateral Q neuroblasts and their descendants migrate long distances in opposite directions, despite being born in the same posterior region. QR on the right migrates anteriorly and generates the AQR neuron positioned near the head, and QL on the left migrates posteriorly, giving rise to the PQR neuron positioned near the tail. In a screen for genes required for AQR and PQR migration, we identified an allele of nfm-1, which encodes a molecule similar to vertebrate NF2/Merlin, an important tumor suppressor in humans. Mutations in NF2 lead to neurofibromatosis type II, characterized by benign tumors of glial tissues. Here we demonstrate that in C. elegans, nfm-1 is required for the ability of Q cells and their descendants to extend protrusions and to migrate, but is not required for direction of migration. Using a combination of mosaic analysis and cell-specific expression, we show that NFM-1 is required nonautonomously, possibly in muscles, to promote Q lineage migrations. We also show a genetic interaction between nfm-1 and the C. elegans Slit homolog slt-1, which encodes a conserved secreted guidance cue. Our results suggest that NFM-1 might be involved in the generation of an extracellular cue that promotes Q neuroblast protrusion and migration that acts with or in parallel to SLT-1. In vertebrates, NF2 and Slit2 interact in axon pathfinding, suggesting a conserved interaction of NF2 and Slit2 in regulating migratory events.
The Son Returns

A Vietnamese woman has delusions of grandeur about her absent son’s position as an imperial servant and its reflection upon her social status. Ignoring the realities of her own poverty and lacking social status the woman desperately longs for the return of her son for her own social validation. Upon the return of her son, the woman is forced to recognize the harsh realities of her position in life.
Using REDCap and Apple ResearchKit to integrate patient questionnaires and clinical decision support into the electronic health record to improve sexually transmitted infection testing in the emergency department

Objective Audio-enhanced computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASIs) are useful adjuncts for clinical care but are rarely integrated into the electronic health record (EHR). We created a flexible framework for integrating an ACASIs with clinical decision support (CDS) into the EHR. We used this program to identify adolescents at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the emergency department (ED). We provide an overview of the software platform and qualitative user acceptance. Materials and methods We created an ACASI with a CDS algorithm to identify adolescents in need of STI testing. We offered it to 15- to 21-year-old patients in our ED, regardless of ED complaint. We collected user feedback via the ACASI. These were programmed into REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture), and an iOS application utilizing Apple ResearchKit generated a tablet compatible representation of the ACASI for patients. A custom software program created an HL7 (Health Level Seven) message containing a summary of responses, CDS recommendations, and STI test orders, which were transmitted to the EHR. Results In the first year, 1788 of 6227 (28.7%) eligible adolescents completed the survey. Technical issues led to decreased use for several months. Patients rated the system favorably, with 1583 of 1787 (88.9%) indicating that they were "somewhat" or "very comfortable" answering questions electronically and 1291 of 1787 (72.2%) preferring this format over face-to-face interviews or paper questionnaires. Conclusions We present a novel use for REDCap to combine patient-answered questionnaires and CDS to improve care for adolescents at risk for STIs. Our program was well received and the platform can be used across disparate patients, topics, and information technology infrastructures.
Perceptions on gender disparity in surgery and surgical leadership: A multicenter mixed methods study.

Abstract Background Our objective was to identify perceptions of the environment for women in surgery among 4 academic institutions. Methods Faculty surgeons and senior surgery residents were randomly selected to participate in a parallel study with concurrent quantitative and qualitative data collection. Outcomes were perceptions of the environment for women in surgery. Measures included semi-structured interviews, survey responses, and responses to scenarios. Results Saturation was achieved after 36 individuals were interviewed: 14 female (8 faculty, 6 residents) and 22 male (18 faculty, 4 residents) surgeons. Men (100%) and women (86%) reported gender disparity in surgery and identified 6 major categories which influence disparity: definitions of gender disparity, gaps in mentoring, family responsibility, disparity in leave, unequal pay, and professional advancement. Overall 94% of participants expressed concerns with gaps in mentoring, but 64% of women versus 14% of men reported difficulties finding role models who faced similar obstacles. Over half (53%) reported time with loved ones as their biggest sacrifice to advance professionally. Both female and male respondents expressed system-based biases favoring individuals willing to sacrifice family. A global subconscious bias against the expectations, abilities, and goals of female surgeons were perceived to impede promotion and advancement. Conclusion Both female and male surgeons report substantial gender-based barriers in surgery for women. Despite improvements, fundamental issues such as lack of senior role models, limited support for surgeons with families, and disparities in hiring and promotion persist. This is an opportunity to make substantive changes to the system and eliminate barriers for women joining surgery, advancing their careers, and achieving their goals in a timely fashion.
Eyeballing stroke: Blood flow alterations in the eye and visual impairments following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion in rodents remains a widely used model of ischemic stroke. Recently, we reported the occurrence of retinal ischemia in animals subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion, owing in part to the circulatory juxtaposition of the ophthalmic artery to the middle cerebral artery. In this study, we examined the eye hemodynamics and visual deficits in middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced stroke rats. The brain and eye were evaluated by laser Doppler at baseline (prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion), during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Retinal function-relevant behavioral and histological outcomes were performed at 3 and 14 days post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. Laser Doppler revealed a typical reduction of at least 80% in the ipsilateral frontoparietal cortical area of the brain during middle cerebral artery occlusion compared to baseline, which returned to near-baseline levels during reperfusion. Retinal perfusion defects closely paralleled the timing of cerebral blood flow alterations in the acute stages of middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, characterized by a significant blood flow defect in the ipsilateral eye with at least 90% reduction during middle cerebral artery occlusion compared to baseline, which was restored to near-baseline levels during reperfusion. Moreover, retinal ganglion cell density and optic nerve depth were significantly decreased in the ipsilateral eye. In addition, the stroke rats displayed eye closure. Behavioral performance in a light stimulus-mediated avoidance test was significantly impaired in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats compared to control animals. In view of visual deficits in stroke patients, closely monitoring of brain and retinal perfusion via laser Doppler measurements and examination of visual impairments may facilitate the diagnosis and the treatment of stroke, including retinal ischemia.
Enabling Active Networking on RMT Hardware

The ecosystem of application functionality built around programmable switch hardware is growing at a rapid pace in recent times, fueled by the advent of reconfigurable match-action table (RMT) technology. This new class of devices is capable of simultaneously delivering basic computation and line-rate forwarding at a reasonable cost. Given this transformation in commodity switching functionality, we suggest it may be time to reconsider the concept of active networking, where end hosts can off-load application functionality to the network in real time without requiring the assistance of the network operator. We present a preliminary approach to encoding (nearly) arbitrary computation into a series of network packets that can be decoded and executed on programmable switch hardware. Our programs can leverage both the forwarding and storage capabilities of RMT devices. We also conduct an initial exploration into the importance of dynamically allocating switch resources across active programs to improve aggregate performance.
Nondestructive Microwave Spectroscopy in Calcite-Rich Shale Core Slabs

Microwave measurements of slabbed, whole core surfaces from calcite-rich shales are correlated to mineralogy quantified from elemental maps measured using micro X-ray Fluorescence (µXRF) across those same surfaces. The nondestructive microwave measurements were performed using a spot-probe reflectometer antenna with a 30 mm-diameter illumination area using frequencies between 2.5 and 20 GHz. The broadband dielectric results show a strong correlation between the dielectric constant and the kerogen/pyrite content in the calcite-dominated intervals where different types of organic and/or pyrite inclusions are easily identified. This novel non-destructive method of analysis can measure the dielectric effects caused by mineral substrates that influence borehole resistivity measurements. These effects often cause erroneous computation of water and hydrocarbon saturations in unconventional reservoirs.
Electromagnetic Transient Simulation Algorithms for Evaluation of Large-Scale Extreme Fast Charging Systems (Distribution Grid Models)

The distribution and transmission grids are observing an increased penetration of power electronics in loads and generations. For example, there is increasing interest in integrating in extreme fast charging (XFC) systems for fast charging of electrical vehicles. As these systems are integrated, developing high-fidelity electromagnetic transient model of XFC systems in distribution grids and evaluating their interactions with the power grid would be of significant interest. This model will be utilized for design of XFC systems, to identify upgrades in distribution and/or transmission grids, for planning purposes by transmission planners or operators or owners, among others. It can also be utilized in operations for improved reliable performance of the grid and/or XFC station. The challenge with simulating these models is the high computational complexity introduced by the large number of states present in the system and the time-step needed to simulate the system. In this paper, advanced simulations algorithms are applied to reduce the computational complexity of simulating large-scale XFC systems. The algorithms include numerical stiffness-based segregation, time constant-based segregation, clustering and aggregation on differential algebraic equations (DAEs), and multi-order integration approaches. While the first three algorithms split the matrix that needs to be inverted from a large matrix to much smaller matrices, the final algorithm reduces the computational burden of applying higher-order integration approaches in the complete system. The comparison made in the previous sentence is with respect to use of homogeneous integration approaches used in conventional electromagnetic transient simulators like power systems computer aided design (PSCAD). The approaches mentioned here have resulted in speed-up of 36x in the simulation of a single distribution system with 15 XFCs.
Organization of neural circuits underlying social behavior: A consideration of the medial amygdala.

Abstract The medial amygdala (MeA) is critical for the expression of a broad range of social behaviors, and is also connected to many other brain regions that mediate those same behaviors. Here, we summarize recent advances toward elucidating mechanisms that enable the MeA to regulate a diversity of social behaviors, and also consider what role the MeA plays within the broader network of regions that orchestrate social sensorimotor transformations. We outline the molecular, anatomical, and electrophysiological features of the MeA that segregate distinct social behaviors, propose experimental strategies to disambiguate sensory representations from behavioral function in the context of a social interaction, and consider to what extent MeA function may overlap with other regions mediating similar behaviors.
Neural Representations of Task-relevant and Task-irrelevant Features of Attended Objects

Visual attention plays an essential role in selecting task-relevant and ignoring task-irrelevant information, for both object features and their locations. In the real world, multiple objects with multiple features are often simultaneously present in a scene. When spatial attention selects an object, how are the task-relevant and task-irrelevant features represented in the brain? Previous literature has shown conflicting results on whether and how irrelevant features are represented in visual cortex. In an fMRI task, we used a modified inverted encoding model (IEM, e.g., Sprague & Serences, 2015) to test whether we can reconstruct the task-relevant and task-irrelevant features of spatially attended objects in a multi- feature (color + orientation), multi-item display. Subjects were briefly shown an array of three colored, oriented gratings. Subjects were instructed as to which feature (color or orientation) was relevant before each block, and on each trial were asked to report the task-relevant feature of the object that appeared at a spatially pre-cued location, using a continuous color or orientation wheel. By applying the IEM, we achieved reliable feature reconstructions for the task-relevant features of the attended object from visual ROIs (V1 and V4v) and Intraparietal sulcus. Preliminary searchlight analyses showed that task-irrelevant features of attended objects could be reconstructed from activity in some intraparietal areas, but the reconstructions were much weaker and less reliable compared with task-relevant features. These results suggest that both relevant and irrelevant features may be represented in visual and parietal cortex but in different forms. Our method provides potential tools to noninvasively measure unattended feature representations and probe the extent to which spatial attention acts as a "glue" to bind task-relevant and task-irrelevant features.
Identifying the Onset of Increased Cognitive Load using Event-Related Potentials in Electroencephalography

Assessing cognitive load may be useful in a variety of applications, especially in identifying the onset of high cognitive load. However, current methods do not exist that can pinpoint such an event. We recorded EEG from participants while they completed auditory oddball paradigm and Stroop tasks. To determine the time at which a change in cognitive load could be detected, we applied auditory tones at four time points before and after the onset of an incongruent Stroop trial: (1) 100 ms prior to the Stroop onset, (2) 100 ms post Stroop onset, (3) 300 ms post Stroop onset, and (4) 450 ms post Stroop onset. Event-related potential results suggest that cognitive load was highest at time points after 100 ms post Stroop onset. This work provides a method for identifying an increase in cognitive load, which could be an important diagnostic tool for device development and tuning.
Towards Feature Space Adversarial Attack by Style Perturbation.

We propose a new adversarial attack to Deep Neural Networks for image classification. Different from most existing attacks that directly perturb input pixels, our attack focuses on perturbing abstract features, more specifically, features that denote styles, including interpretable styles such as vivid colors and sharp outlines, and uninterpretable ones. It induces model misclassification by injecting imperceptible style changes through an optimization procedure. We show that our attack can generate adversarial samples that are more natural-looking than the state-of-the-art unbounded attacks. The experiment also supports that existing pixel-space adversarial attack detection and defense techniques can hardly ensure robustness in the style-related feature space.
Effective Treatment of Secondary Hypogonadism with Clomiphene Citrate in a Male Patient with Secondary Polycythemia and History of Transient Ischemic Attack: A Case Report

We are describing the patient with hypogonadism who developed polycythemia and transient ischemic attacks due to Testosterone replacement therapy. We treated the patient successfully with Clomiphene- selective estrogen modulator which increases the GnRH secretion by hypothalamus and subsequently gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland. Clomiphene was not associated with Polycythemia and was tolerated by the patient well.
Assessing the Celerity of Arrest on 3-Year Recidivism Patterns in a Sample of Criminal Defendants

Abstract Purpose In an effort to build on celerity research, we use longitudinal data to examine whether celerity, as measured by the amount of time from the commission of an offense to the time of arrest, impacts the likelihood for recidivism. Methods Propensity score matching is used to examine how the effects of several different measures of celerity are related to subsequent arrests. Results Findings were consistent with assumptions of deterrence theory; experiencing a shorter time between offense and arrest date was related to a significantly lower risk of recidivism, while the effect diminished beyond thirty days. Conclusions Results suggest that celerity of arrest may have a small, short-term deterrent effect—a finding that is similar to one from the research on sanction certainty.
Learning of Performance Measures from Crowd-Sourced Data with Application to Ranking of Investments

Interestingness measures stand as proxy for “real human interest,” but their effectiveness is rarely studied empirically due to the difficulty of obtaining ground-truth data. We propose a method based on learning-to-rank algorithms that enables pairwise rankings collected from domain community members to be used to learn a domain-specific measure. We apply this method to study the interestingness measures in finance, specifically, investment performance evaluation measures. More than 100 such measures have been proposed with no way of knowing which most closely matches the preferences of domain users. We use crowd-sourcing to collect gold-standard truth from traders and quantitative analysts in the form of pairwise rankings of equity graphs. With these rankings, we evaluate the accuracy with which each measure predicts the user-preferred equity graph. We then learn a new investment performance measure which has higher test accuracy than the currently proposed measures, in particular the commonly used Sharpe ratio.
Ranges and trackers in statistical databases

The goal of statistical databases is to provide statistics about groups of individuals while protecting their privacy. Sometimes, by correlating enough statistics, sensitive data about individual can be inferred. The problem of protecting against such indirect disclosures of confidential data is called the inference problem and a protecting mechanism — an inference control. A good inference control mechanism should be effective (it should provide security to a reasonable extent) and feasible (a practical way exists to enforce it). At the same time it should retain the richness of the information revealed to the users. During the last few years several techniques were developed for controlling inferences. One of the earliest inference controls for statistical databases restricts the responses computed over too small or too large query-sets. However, this technique is easily subverted. In the previous paper (see [5]) we proposed a new query-set size inference control which is based on the idea of multiranges and has better performance then the original one. In this paper we go further investigating the consequences of non-uniform distribution of ranges, for which queries are unanswerable.
Bovine Thyrotropin COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION AND A COMPARISON WITH THE ISOLATED SUBUNITS OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE

Abstract A contercurrent distribution system has been devised for bovine thyrotropin which permits easy removal of several impurities, including one of the peptide chains of luteinizing hormone. The remaining chain of luteinizing hormone, which has a number of properties similar to those of thyrotropin, can then be removed by gel filtration. The thyrotropin is biologically active after the countercurrent distribution and no evidence has been found for the separation of subunits as occurs with luteinizing hormone. The active thyrotropin contains more methionine, tyrosine, and lysine than previously reported. Electrophoresis of the reduced and S-carboxamidomethylated derivatives of thyrotropin and luteinizing hormone in urea-containing gels reveals polymorphism beyond that exhibited by the native hormones. In the case of thyrotropin, the added polymorphism does not seem to represent dissociation into subunits. Polymorphism of native luteinizing hormone obtained as a by-product of the preparation of thyrotropin has also been found. Because the luteinizing hormone which is most difficult to separate from thyrotropin by chromatography cannot be distinguished from thyrotropin by conventional gel electrophoresis, new electrophoretic criteria have been developed to establish when thyrotropin preparations are free of luteinizing hormone or either of its peptide chains. Immunochemical studies show that an antiserum directed against one of the chains of luteinizing hormone crossreacts with both thyrotropin and luteinizing hormone, although, under the same conditions, each of the two hormones does not significantly cross-react with antisera prepared against the native form of the other. Data on the composition of the two chains of luteinizing hormone are given which confirm earlier observations of others that thyrotropin and one of the chains of luteinizing hormone have similar molar ratios of amino acids.
In Memory of Professor Janet R. Spragens

A eulogy for Professor Janet R. Spragens given by her sister, Nancy Altman. “Janet died much too young, before she had time to express all the laughter, love, happiness, and contribution to public service she had within her. Rather than dwell on what might have been, though, I choose to celebrate her life—her wonderful, vibrant, and unique qualities and the gifts she bestowed not only on her friends and family but on countless others who never knew her.”
Mouse models for BRCA1-associated breast cancer

Breast tumor suppressor gene 1 (BRCA1) is a well-known transcription regulator, mutations of which cause tumor formation in a tissue-specific manner. In the past years, we have studied functions of Brca1 in mouse models carrying a number of different mutations. We showed that impaired Brca1 function causes chromosome damages, failure of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint, and centrosome amplification, leading to p53-dependent lethality. Our further analysis revealed that Brca1 also plays an important role in spindle checkpoint through regulating Mad2. We showed that mice carrying a targeted disruption of Brca1 in mammary epithelium developed mammary tumors at low frequency after long latency and the tumorigenesis was significantly accelerated in a p53+/- genetic background. Mammary tumors were highly diverse in histopathology and displayed extensive genetic/molecular alterations, including overexpression of ErbB2, c-myc, p27 and cyclin D1, and downregulation of p16. The most noticeable change is expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). We showed that the absence of Brca1 resulted in increased expression of ERα in epithelial cells at pre-malignant stages and initiating tumors. However, expression of ERα was diminished in tumors of more advanced stages. This observation suggests that ERα-mediated signals are involved in tumorigenesis. Finally, we provided evidence that BRCA1 affects the MAPK pathway through interacting with estrogen/ERα signals, which may account for tissue-specific tumorigenesis.
High performance LWIR type II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetectors and infrared focal plane arrays

Dark current has become a significant limiting factor for the development of the Type II InAs/GaSb superlattices technology. Experimental results showed that at liquid nitrogen temperature the dominating dark current under reverse bias is the generation-recombination current before the tunneling current turns on. Recent research on the source of the dark current indicated that the Auger recombinations might play a very important role in the superlattice diode dark current. With proper design of the superlattice structure, we have been able to reduce the dark current several orders of magnitude in the LWIR range. The superlattice diode performance was also improved dramatically. Infrared focal plane arrays based on these superlattices will also be discussed.
Global conformation of the Escherichia coli replication factor DnaC protein in absence and presence of nucleotide cofactors.

Global conformational and oligomeric states of the Escherichia coli replicative factor DnaC protein in the absence and presence of magnesium and nucleotide cofactors, ATP and ADP, and their fluorescent analogues, MANT-ATP and MANT-ADP, have been examined using analytical sedimentation velocity and time-dependent fluorescence anisotropy techniques. In solution, the DnaC protein exists exclusively as a monomer over a large protein concentration range. The value of = 2.45 ± 0.07 S indicates that the protein molecule has an elongated shape. When modeled as a prolate ellipsoid of revolution, the hydrated DnaC protein has an axial ratio of 4.0 ± 0.6 with long axis a = 112 A and the short axis b = 28 A, respectively. The presence of magnesium or nucleotide cofactors, ATP or ADP, does not affect the global conformation of the protein and its monomeric state. These data indicate that recently found cooperative interactions between the DnaC molecules, in the complex with the DnaB helicase, are induced by the bindin...
Effects of ambient conditions and fuel composition on combustion stability

Recent regulations on NO, emissions are promoting the use of lean premix (LPM) combustion for industrial gas turbines. LPM combustors avoid locally stoichiometric combustion by premixing fuel and the air upstream of the reaction region, thereby eliminating the high temperatures that produce thermal NO.. Unfortunately, this style of combustor is prone to combustion oscillation. Significant pressure fluctuations can occur when variations in heat release periodically couple pressure to acoustic modes in the combustion chamber. These oscillations must be controlled because resulting vibration can shorten the life of engine hardware. Laboratory and engine field testing have shown that instability regimes can vary with environmental conditions. These observations prompted this study of the effects of ambient conditions and fuel composition on combustion stability. Tests are conducted on a sub-scale combustor burning natural gas, propane, and some hydrogen/hydrocarbon mixtures. A premix, swirl-stabilized fuel nozzle typical of industrial gas turbines is used. Experimental and numerical results describe how stability regions may shift as inlet air temperature, humidity, and fuel composition are altered. Results appear to indicate that shifting instability instability regimes are primarily caused by changes in reaction rate.
Reporting CAHPS and HEDIS data by race/ethnicity for Medicare beneficiaries.

Because many beneficiaries may have difficulty understanding health plan performance data when reported for subgroups, this information should be reported as supplemental data and only for plans meeting sample size requirements.
MM3 Modeling of Ribose and 2-Deoxyribose Ring Puckering

ABSTRACT Conformational energy maps for furanosyl and pyranosyl rings of α- and β-ribose and 2-deoxyribose were generated with the molecular mechanics program MM3. For the furanosyl tautomers, low-energy Northern and Southern minima were found. For the pyranosyl rings, lowest-energy minima corresponded to chair forms. Hydrogen-hydrogen coupling constants for the minimal-energy conformers were calculated based on Karplus equations. Computational and experimental results indicate that several tautomeric forms of ribose and 2-deoxyribose exist in multiple conformations in solution. Ring conformations of related crystal structures have energies within ∼2 kcal/mol of the calculated global minima.
Observations of Gulf Stream Meander-Induced Disturbances

Abstract Using moored array data collected across the Gulf Stream at 55°W, the author has investigated the dynamic signatures of the velocity fluctuations at the thermocline (550 m) and near-bottom (4000 m) levels. The cross-stream amplitude and phase structures for motions with period from 64 to 12 days, in a coordinate frame aligned with the instantaneous stream, have a striking resemblance to those computed from small amplitude instability theory. It is the sinuous or asymmetric mode that appears to dominate the observed fluctuations as is predicted. In addition, the mean downstream velocity at the two levels is consistent with a two-layer model for the mean flow in which the lower layer has uniform potential vorticity. When fit to the data this model predicts a value for the rate of change of the Coriolis parameter appropriate to this latitude, but one would expect it to be augmented by a factor of 2 or so by the significant slope of the bottom in this region.