cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic measurement of the 10 kW, IR FEL dipole magnets

Magnetic measurements have been performed on several families of dipoles for the 10 kW IR-FEL presently under construction at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The requirements for these magnets include varying field strengths, large horizontal apertures and parts in 10,000 field homogeneity as well as setability of core and integrated field. Measurements were made to quantify the magnets according to these requirements and to determine the hysteresis protocol, ramp rate dependence, and field clamp settings that are used. This paper will describe the results of these measurements and the procedures used to accomplish them.
Optical pulse-shaping system based on an electro-optic modulator driven by an aperture-coupled-stripline electrical-waveform generator

An optical pulse-shaping system using an electro-optic modulator driven by an aperture-coupled-stripline (ACSL) electrical-waveform generator has been developed. The ACSL electrical-waveform generator consists of two electrical striplines stacked and coupled through an aperture layer. By changing the aperture layer, the pulse-shaping system is capable of producing arbitrarily shaped optical pulses with 100-ps structure over a 1- to 5-ns pulse envelope.
Interpersonal Perceptions and the Emergence of Leadership Structures in Groups: A Network Perspective

We develop and test a multilevel theory explaining how patterns of interpersonal perceptions explain the emergence of informal leadership structures in groups. At the group level, we hypothesize that the network pattern of competence and warmth perceptions among group members determines the amount of leadership exhibited leadership structure density and the degree to which the emergent leadership structure is centralized or shared leadership structure centralization. We then identify two individual-level mechanisms underlying these group-level effects: a individuals' identification with the group and b the differentiation of leader-prototypical roles within the group. Using social network analysis, we test these hypotheses in a sample of 255 MBA consulting teams working full time on projects in 41 different countries over seven weeks. Our findings establish the emergent nature of leadership structures in self-managing teams and foreground interpersonal perceptions as an explanation for why emergent, informal leadership structures vary across teams.
Relating Descriptive Sensory Analysis to Gas Chromatography/Olfactometry Ratings of Fresh Strawberries Using Partial Least Squares Regression

: Sensory properties of 5 strawberry varieties were related to gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/ O) analysis using partial least squares regression (PLS). The sour and green sensory aspects were strongly associated with titratable acidity, hexanal, and E-2 hexenal. The caramel/sweet character was differentiated from the strawberry/fruity character by its stronger association with Furaneol, which had a high score in the 2nd PLS dimension. The sensory scores for peach and the GC/O ratings for the peach-like lactones were also associated. The fruity sensory scores and the floral sensory scores were not well correlated with compounds having fruity or floral character. This lack of relationship could partially be explained by covariance among the sensory ratings for the samples.
Multiple distinct splicing enhancers in the protein-coding sequences of a constitutively spliced pre-mRNA.

We have identified multiple distinct splicing enhancer elements within protein-coding sequences of the constitutively spliced human β-globin pre-mRNA. Each of these highly conserved sequences is sufficient to activate the splicing of a heterologous enhancer-dependent pre-mRNA. One of these enhancers is activated by and binds to the SR protein SC35, whereas at least two others are activated by the SR protein SF2/ASF. A single base mutation within another enhancer element inactivates the enhancer but does not change the encoded amino acid. Thus, overlapping protein coding and RNA recognition elements may be coselected during evolution. These studies provide the first direct evidence that SR protein-specific splicing enhancers are located within the coding regions of constitutively spliced pre-mRNAs. We propose that these enhancers function as multisite splicing enhancers to specify 3′ splice-site selection.
Localized Algorithm for Precise Boundary Detection in 3D Wireless Networks

This research focuses on distributed and localized algorithms for precise boundary detection in 3D wireless networks. Our objectives are in two folds. First, we aim to identify the nodes on the boundaries of a 3D network, which serve as a key attribute that characterizes the network, especially in such geographic exploration tasks as terrain and underwater reconnaissance. Second, we construct locally planarized 2-manifold surfaces for inner and outer boundaries, in order to enable available graph theory tools to be applied on 3D surfaces, such as embedding, localization, partition, and greedy routing among many others. To achieve the first objective, we propose a Unit Ball Fitting (UBF) algorithm that discovers a set of potential boundary nodes, followed by a refinement algorithm, named Isolated Fragment Filtering (IFF), which removes isolated nodes that are misinterpreted as boundary nodes by UBF. Based on the identified boundary nodes, we develop an algorithm that constructs a locally planarized triangular mesh surface for each 3D boundary. Our proposed scheme is localized, requiring information within one-hop neighborhood only. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can effectively identify boundary nodes and surfaces, even under high measurement errors. As far as we know, this is the first work for discovering boundary nodes and constructing boundary surfaces in 3D wireless networks.
Histamine, mast cells, and the enteric nervous system in the irritable bowel syndrome, enteritis, and food allergies

There is altered expression of histamine H1 and H2 receptor subtypes in mucosal biopsies from the terminal ileum and large intestine of patients with symptoms of food allergy and/or irritable bowel syndrome
An investigation of JPEG image and video compression using parallel processing

The problem inherent with any digital image (or digital video) system is the large amount of bandwidth required for transmission or storage. This has driven the research area of image compression to develop more complex algorithms that compress images to lower data rates with better fidelity. One approach that can be used to increase the execution speed of these complex algorithms is through the use of parallel processing. In this paper we address one aspect of the parallel implementation of the JPEG still image compression standard on the MasPar MP-1, a massively parallel SIMD computer. We develop a novel byte alignment algorithm used to efficiently output compressed data from the parallel system. >
Children's attentional biases and 5-HTTLPR genotype: potential mechanisms linking mother and child depression.

In this study, we examined the roles of specific cognitive (attentional bias) and genetic (5-HTTLPR) risk factors in the intergenerational transmission of depression. Focusing first on the link between maternal history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and children's attentional biases, we found that children of mothers with a history of MDD during their children's lives, compared to children of mothers with no depression history, exhibited greater attentional avoidance of sad faces. This attention bias was specific to sad, rather than happy or angry, faces. There was also preliminary evidence that this relation is stronger among children carrying the 5-HTTLPR S or LG allele than among those homozygous for the LA allele. Next, conceptualizing mothers' levels of depressive symptoms during the multi-wave prospective follow-up within a vulnerability-stress framework, we found evidence for a three-way child 5-HTTLPR × attentional bias × mother depressive symptom interaction predicting children's depressive s...
"A Period of Turmoil”: Pittsburgh’s April 1968 Riots and Their Aftermath

Though riots themselves have often been studied, scholars know little about their short-term effects. This article considers the five-year period following Pittsburgh’s April 1968 riots, which allo...
Breathing pattern in the guinea-pig:

The laboratory guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus L.) is unable to breathe by mouth except under extreme respiratory stress, when an oral route is maintained only on a breath-to-breath basis. Normal breat...
Vorticity and Vertical Motions Diagnosed from Satellite Deep-Layer Temperatures

Spatial fields of satellite-measured deep-layer temperatures are examined in the context of quasigeostrophic theory. It is found that midtropospheric geostrophic vorticity and quasigeostrophic vertical motions can be diagnosed from microwave temperature measurements of only two deep layers. The lower- ( 1000-400 hPa) and upper- (400-50 hPa) layer temperatures are estimated from limb-corrected TIROS-N Microwave Sounding Units (MSU) channel 2 and 3 data, spatial fields of which can be used to estimate the midtropospheric thermal wind and geostrophic vorticity fields. Together with Trenberth's simplification of the quasigeostrophic omega equation, these two quantities can be then used to estimate the geostrophic vorticity advection by the thermal wind, which is related to the quasigeostrophic vertical velocity in the midtroposphere. Critical to the technique is the observation that geostrophic vorticity fields calculated from the channel 3 temperature features are very similar to those calculated from traditional, 'bottom-up' integrated height fields from radiosonde data. This suggests a lack of cyclone-scale height features near the top of the channel 3 weighting function, making the channel 3 cyclone-scale 'thickness' features approximately the same as height features near the bottom of the weighting function. Thus, the MSU data provide observational validation of the LID (level of insignificant dynamics) assumption of Hirshberg and Fritsch.
Effects of Targeted Proton Radiation on Spinal Cord in a Porcine Model: A Pilot Study

AIM To determine whether proton radiation can be used to treat chronic intractable pain. The focus of this study was on the biological effects of spinal cord irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proton radiation (0-25 Gy, single fraction) was applied to the spinal cord within L3-L5 of Yucatan mini-pigs (n=20). Skin reaction, body mass and behavior were monitored. At euthanasia, blood and spinal cord were analyzed. RESULTS Skin morbidity was mild and overall health for the 5-20 Gy-treated groups was good based on behavior and weight gain up to 8.5-9 months post-exposure. The 25 Gy-treated animals developed hind limb weakness at 2.5-3 months and were euthanized. Radiation had a significant effect on white blood cell count (p<0.05), with the 25 Gy-treated mini-pigs having the highest number of all three major leukocyte populations. A few differences were also noted for erythrocyte parameters, but the blood chemistry panel was normal. Apoptosis in the targeted portion of the spinal cord was elevated in the 20- and 25 Gy-treated groups versus 0 Gy (p<0.05) based on the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay. There was a trend (p<0.1) for a radiation effect on glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, with the highest value being found after 25 Gy. Histology showed no difference between 0 versus 25 Gy. CONCLUSION The data demonstrated that a small segment of the spinal cord can be readily targeted using proton radiation; doses ranging from 5-20 Gy were well-tolerated in an animal model with radiosensitivity similar to humans. Future studies with a pain model should use ≤15 Gy.
Case Studies of African Wave Disturbances in Gridded Analyses

Abstract African wave disturbances (AWDs), an important trigger of Sahel summer rainfall, are studied using ECMWF gridded datasets for July and August 1987 and 1988. Power spectra of time series of 700-mb meridional winds near Niamey taken from analyses at both 2° × 2.5° and 4° × 5° horizontal resolution are compared to spectra based on Niamey station data. In addition, spatial distributions of meteorological fields at both resolutions are discussed for three case studies, including the synoptic features of several AWDs. Additional examples are presented from GCM simulations at comparable horizontal resolutions. While vertical motion and divergence centers were more extreme at 2° × 2.5°, many of the deduced characteristics of an AWD were similar at both resolutions. The higher-resolution analyses and simulation show a sharp transition across wave troughs between lower-tropospheric convergence (uplift) on the west and divergence (subsidence) on the east for several AWDs. For the two more southerly AWDs ana...
Abstract P6-06-01: Studies on tumor heterogeneity using a preclinical model of breast cancer caused by genetic alteration of the ATX-LPA axis

Targeted alterations of the ATX/LPA signaling axis in mice creates a tumorigenic environment from which mammary neoplasias can develop. Using mammary tumors derived from this model, we have established a transplantation procedure in which fragments of different tumors are orthotopically transplanted in syngeneic mice. Under these conditions, primary murine tumors displayed a wide spectrum of growth rates suggesting that alteration of ATX/LPA signaling axis engenders a variety of different breast cancer subtypes with distinctive propensity to progress, which is similarly observed in human neoplastic disease. Comprehensive analysis of high-throughput RNAseq and Reverse Phase Protein Array (RPPA) data revealed that despite being passaged multiple times, tumors retained their distinct growth profiles and also maintained surprisingly stable molecular characteristics. The remarkable consistency in terms of growth, transcriptional landscape, and protein expression demonstrates that in this model a small fragment randomly taken from any region of the tumor can accurately and reproducibly regenerate an entire developmental program when grown in vivo. It follows that each consistent molecular change detected in the tumor likely represents either a marker of the tumor or its mechanistic oncodriver. Using unbiased multidimensional scaling analysis of RNAseq data we have identified tumors that were strictly related to normal mammary tissue in terms of gene expression as well as individual gene signatures that differentiate slow- vs fast-growing tumors. Furthermore, we have identified several stable alterations at a protein level that are commonly found in human breast cancers including cMYC, BRCA2, PARP1, Claudin-7, Her3, and E-Cadherin. These results demonstrate that an orthotopic transplantation procedure in immunocompetent hosts represents a relevant preclinical platform to probe human breast cancer heterogeneity and pinpoint molecular alterations that are mechanistically responsible for malignant behavior. Citation Format: Lorenzo Federico, Kang Jin Jeong, Dong Zhang, Zhenlin Ju, Zechen Chong, Jennifer B Dennison, Gordon B Mills. Studies on tumor heterogeneity using a preclinical model of breast cancer caused by genetic alteration of the ATX-LPA axis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-06-01.
Rolling dispersion and exploration for robot teams

After a disaster, human rescuers may have to wait for better conditions before beginning to search for survivors. A team of robots could enter long before the humans and scope out the environment to gather information that could help to prioritize tasks for the rescue operation. We have developed an algorithm to allow a small group of robots to progressively explore an unknown environment, moving as a group until full exploration is achieved. The novel concept behind this algorithm comes from the way in which the team stays together as a group, maintaining communication, in order to ensure full exploration as well as a path to the exit. We demonstrate in simulation that the algorithm works in multiple environments under varying conditions.
Acute hypoxia-induced alterations of calbindin-D28k immunoreactivity in cerebellar Purkinje cells of the guinea pig fetus at term.

Purkinje cells (PCs) are vulnerable to hypoxic/ischemic insults and rich in calcium and calcium-buffering/sequestering systems, including calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs). Calbindin-D 28k is an EF-hand CaBP, which is highly expressed in PCs where it acts primarily as a cellular Ca ++ buffer. Elevation of [Ca ++ ] in the cytosol and nuclei of PCs is pivotal in hypoxic/ischemic cell death. We hypothesize that hypoxia results in decreased concentration, or availability of calbindin-D 28k in PCs thereby decreasing their buffering capacity and resulting in increase of intracellular and intranuclear [Ca ++ ]. Cerebellar tissues from normoxic fetuses were compared to fetuses obtained from term pregnant guinea pigs exposed to hypoxia [7% FiO 2 ] for 60 min The pregnant guinea pigs were either killed upon delivery immediately following hypoxia (Hx0h) or were subsequently allowed to recover for 24 h (Hx24h) or 72 h (Hx72h). Fetal brain hypoxia was documented biochemically by a decrease in brain tissue levels of ATP and phosphocreatine. Compared to normoxic fetuses, there is a predominantly somatodendritic loss or decrease of calbindin-D 28k immunohistochemical staining in PCs of HxOh (p < 0.005), Hx24h (p < 0.05) and Hx72h (p < 0.005) fetuses. Hypoxia-induced alterations of calbindin-D 28k immunoreactivity are qualitatively similar at all time points and include a distinctive intranuclear localization in subpopulations of PCs. A similar trend is demonstrated by immunoblotting. Subpopulations of TUNEL+/calbindin-D 28k - PCs lacking morphologic features of apoptosis or necrosis are demonstrated in Hx24h and Hx72h fetuses. The present study demonstrates an abrogating effect of perinatal hypoxia on calbindin-D 28k immunoreactivity in cerebellar PCs. The perturbation of this Ca ++ buffer protein in hypoxia-induced neuronal injury may herald delayed cell death or degeneration.
Film Stress in Pd2Si Layers of Varying Thickness

Little is known about the development of film stresses in very thin films (thicknesses of the order of a few hundred Angstroms or less). As interest intensifies in the technological application of ever smaller quantities of materials, the behavior of very thin. films will undergo increasing scrutiny. In this study, the film stresses in evaporated Pd films and Pd2Si films formed by reaction with the Si substrates at 250°C were measured for thicknesses ranging from 7 to 107 nm. Stresses were calculated from the substrate radii of curvature determined by X-ray diffraction topography techniques (Lang and double crystal) and Stoney’s equation. Because film continuity cannot be taken for granted at low coverage, the films were examined by electron microscopy in an attempt to correlate their morphology with the observed stresses.
Use of Plasma Actuators to Force Shear Layer Instabilities

The effectiveness of an airborne laser can be great ly reduced when the laser has to pass through a compressible free shear layer containing vortical structures. Adaptive optics can compensate for aberrations but the time scale associated with the chaotic structures in a free shear layer is too small to allow the adaptive opti cs to be effective. A possible solution is to force the instabilities in the free shear layer to organize in predetermined manner that could be fed forward to the adaptive optics system. A pla sma actuator is proposed for this application. To prove this concept a plasma actuato r mounted on the back face of a backward-facing step was tested at low speeds. The actuator forced the free shear layer instabilities by producing a periodic vertical jet. The frequency of the jet was initially set to match the natural frequency of the shear layer inst abilities. The actuator was tested at three different velocities with corresponding Re H based on the step height, H, of 4.3 x 10 4 , 8.9 x 10 4 and 1.3 x 10 5 . The two-inch high backward-facing step was test ed in a subsonic wind tunnel 12 in. x 12 in. test section. The step was mounted on a splitter plate set two inches above the wind tunnel floor, such that the instantaneous expa nsion ratio of 1.25 at the back of the step. Velocity profiles across the shear layer as well as the natural frequency content in the shear layer were measured using a hotwire anemometer. The Strouhal number, St θ, based on the natural frequencies and the momentum thickness, θ θ θ θ, ranged from 0.015 to 0.025 depending on location and velocity. The plasma actuator was driven with voltages from 5 to 15 kV at frequencies from 720 Hz to 2.59 kHz. The actuator voltage was modulated to the natural frequencies. The plasma actuator was only used with the lowest Re case. Results indicated that, with this actuator design, at least a 12 kV o perating voltage was required to produced results. With this actuator design the upper voltag e limits are determined by the how well the encapsulated electrode can be insulated as well as the frequency filtering from the operating circuit. Square wave modulation worked better than sine wave modulation but could not be produced at higher operating voltages.
Thermoresponsive Amphiphilic Janus Silica Nanoparticles via Combining “Polymer Single-Crystal Templating” and “Grafting-from” Methods

A facile method of synthesizing amphiphilic Janus silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) with bicompartment polymer brushes is presented in this article by combining “polymer single-crystal templating” (PSCryT) and “grafting from” techniques. First, alkoxysilane-terminated poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL-SiOR) single crystals were prepared using a self-seeding method. Silica nanoparticles (40–50 nm) were immobilized onto the surface of single crystals. Subsequent surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of N-isopropylacrylamide was carried out on the exposed surface of SiNPs. Dissolution of the polymer single crystal led to Janus nanoparticles with amphiphilic, bicompartment poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer brushes. The Janus nature of the particle and its detailed characteristics were studied using a variety of techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and t...
An Ancient Transkingdom Horizontal Transfer of Penelope-Like Retroelements from Arthropods to Conifers

Comparative genomics analyses empowered by the wealth of sequenced genomes have revealed numerous instances of horizontal DNA transfers between distantly related species. In eukaryotes, repetitive DNA sequences known as transposable elements (TEs) are especially prone to move across species boundaries. Such horizontal transposon transfers, or HTTs, are relatively common within major eukaryotic kingdoms, including animals, plants, and fungi, while rarely occurring across these kingdoms. Here, we describe the first case of HTT from animals to plants, involving TEs known as Penelope-like elements, or PLEs, a group of retrotransposons closely related to eukaryotic telomerases. Using a combination of in situ hybridization on chromosomes, polymerase chain reaction experiments, and computational analyses we show that the predominant PLE lineage, EN(+)PLEs, is highly diversified in loblolly pine and other conifers, but appears to be absent in other gymnosperms. Phylogenetic analyses of both protein and DNA sequences reveal that conifers EN(+)PLEs, or Dryads, form a monophyletic group clustering within a clade of primarily arthropod elements. Additionally, no EN(+)PLEs were detected in 1,928 genome assemblies from 1,029 nonmetazoan and nonconifer genomes from 14 major eukaryotic lineages. These findings indicate that Dryads emerged following an ancient horizontal transfer of EN(+)PLEs from arthropods to a common ancestor of conifers approximately 340 Ma. This represents one of the oldest known interspecific transmissions of TEs, and the most conspicuous case of DNA transfer between animals and plants.
Impact Review for High-Rise Buildings

In anticipation of the growing trend toward a high-rise building development, it is necessary to develop new methodologies of fitting such structures into the social and physical environment. One basic strategy is to account for the variety of high-rise impacts. Impact review methods should range from qualitative assessments gaging the fit of a project with community values, to relatively objective evaluations based on the measurement of actual conditions, e.g., open space effects, air and water quality.
Detection of Significant Bacteriuria by Microscopic Examination of Urine

Microscopic examination of urine is a rapid and accurate test for detecting the presence of significant bacteriuria, provided that proper care is taken with the collection and transport of the specimen and that the criteria for defining a positive test include the even distribution of at least two organisms throughout several oil-immersion fields. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values obtained by examining 32,076 specimens were 94%, 90%, 90% and 99%, respectively.
Pilot study of methods and equipment for in-home noise level measurements

Knowledge of the auditory and non-auditory effects of noise has increased dramatically over the past decade, but indoor noise exposure measurement methods have not advanced appreciably, despite the introduction of applicable new technologies. This study evaluated various conventional and smart devices for exposure assessment in the National Children's Study. Three devices were tested: a sound level meter (SLM), a dosimeter, and a smart device with a noise measurement application installed. Instrument performance was evaluated in a series of semi-controlled tests in office environments over 96-hour periods, followed by measurements made continuously in two rooms (a child's bedroom and a most used room) in nine participating homes over a 7-day period with subsequent computation of a range of noise metrics. The SLMs and dosimeters yielded similar A-weighted average noise levels. Levels measured by the smart devices often differed substantially (showing both positive and negative bias, depending on the metric) from those measured via SLM and dosimeter, and demonstrated attenuation in some frequency bands in spectral analysis compared to SLM results. Virtually all measurements exceeded the Environmental Protection Agency's 45 dBA day-night limit for indoor residential exposures. The measurement protocol developed here can be employed in homes, demonstrates the possibility of measuring long-term noise exposures in homes with technologies beyond traditional SLMs, and highlights potential pitfalls associated with measurements made by smart devices.
Career Development for Breast Surgical Oncology

Following the introduction of Halsted’s radical mastectomy in 1894, breast surgery emerged as a reliable and effective method of treating primary breast cancer. To this day, breast surgery remains a central component in the treatment of breast cancer, as well as a major part of many general surgeons’ clinical practices. Many surgeons, both in practice and in residency, are choosing to focus on a career in breast cancer surgery. This chapter highlights different aspects of this career choice and outlines breast surgery fellowship goals and opportunities.
Cause Célèbre: “Thank God for Peace at Last”

By the time Rattigan writes his last play, he has come to view human relations in general and sexuality in particular as tragic, a closed circle within which people struggle to be happy, and fail. The title Cause Celebre refers to the real case of Alma Rattenbury, whose young lover, George Stoner, brutally murdered her physically debilitated husband who cannot manage stairs (the last of Rattigan’s long line of wounded males). The play manages to change our early impressions of her as a coarse, lecherous alcoholic into our understanding of her as a warm, vital, loving woman trying to attain some happiness while deadened by an unhappy marriage. Rattigan adapts Alma’s actual last written communications to make them express his individual sense of tragedy: he adds language and images that enact her exhaustion and desperation. Rattigan changes the site of her suicide to a location where she and Stoner made love to imply that sexuality dooms one. He adds to her reflections the further suggestion that people will not let themselves see the beauty of the world because people do not know how to be happy in this world. As she is about to take her own life, she prays, “Thank God for peace at last,” echoing the last line of Ross, “God will give you peace.”
HBO Therapy and Organ Transplants

The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in ameliorating ischemia-reperfusion, modulating immune function, decreasing edema and inflammation, and improving tissue oxygenation is well-known. The use of HBO in enhancing the viability of stored organs and improving the post-transplant functionality of organs has been studied. The use of HBO has been shown to improve outcomes in vitro and in animal models. Case reports of HBO in human organ transplant have had positive outcomes. Further clinical trials are warranted, but the benign nature of the therapy argues for inclusion of HBO in transplant protocols.
Ultrathin Silicon Membranes for Improving Extracorporeal Blood Therapies

Extracorporeal blood therapies such as hemodialysis and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation supplement or replace organ function by the exchange of molecules between blood and another fluid across a semi-permeable membrane. Traditionally, these membranes are made of polymers with large surface areas and thicknesses on the scale of microns. Therapeutic gas exchange or toxin cleara nce in these devices occurs predominantly by diffusion, a process that is described by an inverse square law relating a distance to the average time a diffusing particle requires to travel that distance. As such, small changes in membrane thickness or other device dimensions can have significant effects on device performance - and large changes can cause dramatic paradigm shifts. In this work, we discuss the application of ultrathin nanoporous silicon membranes (nanomembranes) with thicknesses on the scale of tens of nanometers to diffusion-mediated medical devices. We discuss the theoretical consequences of nanomembrane medical devices for patients, analyzing several notable benefits such as reduced device size (enabling wearability, for instance) and improved clearance specificity. Special attention is paid to computational and analytical models that describe real experimental behavior, and that in doing so provide insights into the relevant parameters governing the devices.
Understanding the thermal sciences in the electron beam melting process through in-situ process monitoring

Additive Manufacturing provides the opportunity to fabricate components of nearly limitless complexity compared to that of traditional manufacturing techniques. However, thermal gyrations imparted into the material from the passing of the heat source cause challenges in fabricating complex structures with the proper process parameters. While the thermal history of the material can be simulated, validating the simulations requires access to thermal data generated through in-situ process monitoring. While generation of in-situ thermal data seems trivial, acquiring and developing reliable calibrations for metallic materials is difficult due to the physical state of the material transitioning from powder to liquid to a solid. To be discussed is the methodology taken to integrate IR in-situ process monitoring within the electron beam melting process and the approach developed to accurately correlate a materials emissivity to temperature during the build process. Further the wealth of information contained within the thermal data will be discussed in the context of understanding of microstructural evolutions within the material during the build process, identification of material defects, and ability to determining the similarity/repeatability of builds fabricated with identical processing parameters as based only on the thermal signature of the build.
Flow Diversion Versus Conventional Treatment for Carotid Cavernous Aneurysms (P6.221)

Objective- To evaluate the use of pipeline embolization device in symptomatic patients. Background- Several endovascular treatment options are available for cavernous carotid aneurysms. We compared pipeline embolization device (PED) versus conventional endovascular treatment in terms of evolution of mass effect, complications, recurrence, and retreatment rate. Methods_One hundred fifty-seven patients harboring 167 cavernous carotid aneurysms were treated using PED placement, coiling, stent-assisted coiling, and carotid vessel destruction. Procedural complications, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes were analyzed and compared. Results_There were no difference in age, sex, and mean aneurysm size between those treated with PED and those treated with conventional endovascular procedures. The patients treated with PED had a significantly lower proportion of small- size aneurysms (15 mm (OR, 4.27; P=0.003) to be predictors of no improvement in symptoms. The rate of complete occlusion was 81.36[percnt] (48 of 59) for PED, 42.25[percnt] (39 of 71) for stent-assisted coiling, 27.27[percnt] (6 of 22) for coiling, and 73.33[percnt] (11 of 15) for carotid vessel destruction. Retreatment was needed in patients with aneurysm size >15 mm (OR, 2.67; P=0.037) and those who were not treated with PED (PED: OR, 0.16; P=0.006). The rate of major complications was 6.6[percnt] (11 of 167). Patients who were treated with PED or stent-assisted coiling had 3.84 lower odds to develop complications (OR, 0.26; P<0.05). Conclusions_The use of PED should be encouraged, especially in symptomatic patients. We found PED to be associated with less need for future treatment, higher improvement in symptoms rate, and lower rate of complications. Disclosure: Dr. Ajiboye has nothing to disclose.
Structured to Fail

In the search for explanations for three of the most pressing crises of the early twenty-first century (the housing meltdown and financial crisis, the Gulf oil spill, and the nuclear disaster at Fukushima), commentators pointed to the structure of the regulatory agencies charged with overseeing the associated industries, noting that the need to balance competing regulatory and non-regulatory missions undermined each agency's ability to be an effective regulator. Christopher Carrigan challenges this critique by employing a diverse set of research methods, including a statistical analysis, an in-depth case study of US regulatory oversight of offshore oil and gas development leading up to the Gulf oil spill, and a formal theoretical discussion, to systematically evaluate the benefits and concerns associated with either combining or separating regulatory and non-regulatory missions. His analysis demonstrates for policymakers and scholars why assigning competing non-regulatory missions to regulatory agencies can still be better than separating them in some cases.
Straight Talk from Beyond the Male Gaze

This chapter focuses on a prominent sports talk-radio show hosted by the only woman as of 2016 with her own national show five nights a week, Amy Lawrence, host of After Hours with Amy Lawrence. It draws upon the theoretical concept of male-gaze theory that the content of media language in bodies of discourse dominated by male participants will inevitably tend to reflect more of the societal understandings that such theory asserts as structured upon patriarchal ideas and values. Methodologically, this chapter represents an effort to include a degree of consideration of what male-gaze theory suggests is missing from discourse that is limited to male perspectives.
Metals and metal antagonists

Abstract The side effects of drugs annuals forms a series of volumes in which the adverse effects of drugs and adverse reactions to them are surveyed. The series supplements the contents of Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: The International Encyclopedia of Adverse Drug Reactions and Interactions. This review of the January 2018–December 2018 publications on metal antagonists and selected metals includes cation-exchange resins (including sodium polystyrene sulfonate, patiromer sorbitex calcium, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, and RDX7675), deferasirox, deferiprone, deferoxamine, d -penicillamine, and tetrathiomolybdate. It also includes the selected metals aluminum, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, and silver.
Photochemical syntheses, transformations, and bioorthogonal chemistry of trans-cycloheptene and sila trans-cycloheptene Ag(i) complexes.

A photochemical synthesis of AgNO3 complexes of trans-cycloheptene (TCH) and trans-1-sila-4-cycloheptene (Si-TCH) derivatives is described. A low temperature flow photoreactor was designed to enable the synthesis of carbocyclic TCH derivatives due to their thermal sensitivity in the absence of metal coordination. Unlike the free carbocycles, TCH·AgNO3 complexes can be handled at rt and stored for weeks in the freezer (−18 °C). Si-TCH·AgNO3 complexes are especially robust, and are bench stable for days at rt, and for months in the freezer. X-ray crystallography was used to characterize a Si-TCH·AgNO3 complex for the first time. With decomplexation of AgNO3in situ, metal-free TCO and Si-TCH derivatives can engage in a range of cycloaddition reactions as well as dihydroxylation reactions. Computation was used to predict that Si-TCH would engage in bioorthogonal reactions that are more rapid than the most reactive trans-cyclooctenes. Metal-free Si-TCH derivatives were shown to display good stability in solution, and to engage in the fastest bioorthogonal reaction reported to date (k2 1.14 × 107 M−1 s−1 in 9 : 1 H2O : MeOH). Utility in bioorthogonal protein labeling in live cells is described, including labeling of GFP with an unnatural tetrazine-containing amino acid. The reactivity and specificity of the Si-TCH reagents with tetrazines in live mammalian cells was also evaluated using the HaloTag platform. The cell labeling experiments show that Si-TCH derivatives are best suited as probe molecules in the cellular environment.
A Review of Best Practice Recommendations for Text Analysis in R (and a User-Friendly App)

In recent decades, the amount of text available for organizational science research has grown tremendously. Despite the availability of text and advances in text analysis methods, many of these techniques remain largely segmented by discipline. Moreover, there is an increasing number of open-source tools (R, Python) for text analysis, yet these tools are not easily taken advantage of by social science researchers who likely have limited programming knowledge and exposure to computational methods. In this article, we compare quantitative and qualitative text analysis methods used across social sciences. We describe basic terminology and the overlooked, but critically important, steps in pre-processing raw text (e.g., selection of stop words; stemming). Next, we provide an exploratory analysis of open-ended responses from a prototypical survey dataset using topic modeling with R. We provide a list of best practice recommendations for text analysis focused on (1) hypothesis and question formation, (2) design and data collection, (3) data pre-processing, and (4) topic modeling. We also discuss the creation of scale scores for more traditional correlation and regression analyses. All the data are available in an online repository for the interested reader to practice with, along with a reference list for additional reading, an R markdown file, and an open source interactive topic model tool (topicApp; see https://github.com/wesslen/topicApp , https://github.com/wesslen/text-analysis-org-science , https://dataverse.unc.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.15139/S3/R4W7ZS ).
Identification of virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens in Ad- Diwaniya Teaching Hospital.

The present study was carried outto verify the role of virulence genes in establishment of opportunistic infections of the P. aeruginosa by using the PCR technique. A total of 50 swabs were collected from wound,burn and sputum samples of patients who admitted at Ad-Diwaniya province during the period from May – October 2017. Brain Heart Infusion broth and chrome agar media were used for isolation of P. aeruginosa. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted from P.aeruginosa isolates for detection of the virulence genes (exoS,toxA,and oprI) by using PCR technique. The isolation percent of P. aeruginosa was high (78.26%) in burn infections rather than wound infections and pulmonary tract. The burn infection P. aeruginosaisolatesshowed high occurrence of virulence genes more than ordinary wound infections isolates as well as the virulence gene (ToxA) was highlypresent in most isolates. It wasconcluded that the expressionof virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosais important factor in causinghuman infections especially (ToxA) gene and the PCR technique is ahighly specific and accurate technique as a rapid diagnostic laboratory method for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Sex-Related Differences in Spatial Ability: A Developmental Psychological View

Early in this century, an Australian psychologist by the name of Stanley D. Porteus designed what he hoped would be a new test of intelligence: printed labyrinths, or mazes, that were age-graded, being simple for young children and becoming progressively more complex for older children. The task was to trace through the correct path with a pencil. The score depended on speed and the number of entrances into a cul-de-sac, or dead end.
Topology optimization for robotics applications

Abstract Topology optimization, a computational design method, is discussed in the context of the design of robotic systems. Topology optimization harnesses finite element models within an optimization loop to design components for various purposes, the most famous of which is static structural design. Robotics platforms are ripe with opportunities for optimization, including the traditional application of structural compliance minimization or stiffness maximization. Novel formulations and applications of topology optimization allow for even greater automated design optimization, as will be shown. In this chapter, we give an overview of topology optimization, specifically a formulation known as the Heaviside projection method. This method is then applied to several examples, including multifunctional designs, multimaterial designs, and manufacturing cognizant designs.
Comprehensive fault ride-through scheme for doubly-fed induction generators

With the growth of wind energy penetration in electricity transmission grids, fault ride-through (FRT) ability is required in order to maintain the uninterrupted operation of wind farm in voltage disturbance scenarios. For widespread used doubly-fed induction generator FRT issues, an auxiliary hardware circuit is adopted in large-grid-voltage drop situations. Among all hardware protection devices, the rotor crowbar scheme can suppress rotor overcurrent immediately, while the stator series impedance scheme has the advantage of increasing voltage during voltage dips. A comprehensive FRT scheme based on series impedance and rotor crowbar is proposed. Also, the simulation results show that the proposed method can keep the continuous operation of wind farm during fault situation and recovery, also suppress the overcurrent during voltage recovery and improve the terminal voltage.
The Physical Actor: Exercises for Action and Awareness

The Physical Actor is a comprehensive book of actor’s exercises, designed for the development of a strong and flexible physical body able to move with ease through space and interact instinctively on-stage. Annie Loui draws on her training with Etienne Decroux, Carolyn Carlson and Jerzy Grotowski to bring Contact Improvization into the theatrical sphere and explain how it can be used to work with texts and applied directly to the theatrical stage. This book will guide the reader through a full course of movement skills, from daily warm-up to: partnering skills spatial awareness for groups and individuals fine motor control through mime heightened co-ordination and sustained motion.
Neuropathophysiology of Movement Disorders in Cerebral Palsy

Recent developments in understanding the pathophysiology of disordered motor control in cerebral palsy are reviewed. In spastic cerebral palsy, evidence for abnormal segmental as well as supraspinal control of motor neuron output exists. Impaired Ia inhibition of antagonist muscles has been suggested but recently contested. Evidence also supports the role of decreased presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferents and decreased nonreciprocal Ib inhibition. Furthermore, early cerebral injury results in reorganization of supraspinal (corticospinal) inputs to motor neuron pools. In extrapyramidal cerebral palsy, injury of basal ganglia or thalamus has been demonstrated. A scheme for understanding the neurochemical circuitry of the extrapyramidal system is discussed. Animal models and certain specific human diseases provide examples of how this circuitry may be disturbed, thereby resulting in an imbalance between the direct and indirect striatal output systems and in impaired motor control. Future studies employing postmortem neurochemical analysis, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomographic scanning may foster progress in this area.
2018 year in review: Part 2 of 4: Neonatal lung disease

Pediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, reviews and case reports related to a wide range of children's respiratory disorders. This review (Part 2 of a 4-part series) summarizes the past year's publications in the topic area of neonatal lung diseases, in the context of selected literature from other journals relevant to the discipline.
Trans-synaptic Fish-lips Signaling Prevents Misconnections between Non-synaptic Partner Olfactory Neurons

Abstract Our understanding of the mechanisms of neural circuit assembly is far from complete. Identification of new wiring molecules with novel mechanisms of action will provide new insights into how complex and heterogeneous neural circuits assemble during development. Here, we performed an RNAi screen for cell-surface molecules and identified the leucine-rich-repeat containing transmembrane protein, Fish-lips (Fili), as a novel wiring molecule in the assembly of the Drosophila olfactory circuit. Fili contributes to the precise targeting of both olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) axons as well as projection neuron (PN) dendrites. Cell-type-specific expression and genetic analyses suggest that Fili sends a trans-synaptic repulsive signal to neurites of non-partner classes that prevent their targeting to inappropriate glomeruli in the antennal lobe. Significance Statement In the fruit fly olfactory system, 50 classes of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) make precise synaptic connections with 50 classes of corresponding projection neurons (PNs). Identification of wiring molecules in this circuit can provide insight into understanding neural circuit assembly. This paper reports the role of a transmembrane protein, Fish-lips (Fili), in forming specific connections in this circuit. We found that some ORN axons are repelled by Fili, which is present on dendrites of non-matching PN class, preventing them from targeting inappropriate glomeruli. Similarly, some PN dendrites are repelled by Fili expressed by non-matching ORN class for their correct targeting. Together, these results suggest that Fili mediates repulsion between axons and dendrites of non-synaptic partners to ensure precise wiring patterns.