cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computing capabilities of mediators

Existing data-integration systems based on the mediation architecture employ a variety of mechanisms to describe the query-processing capabilities of sources. However, these systems do not compute the capabilities of the mediators based on the capabilities of the sources they integrate. In this paper, we proposed a framework to capture a rich variety of query-processing capabilities of data sources and mediators. We present algorithms to compute the set of supported queries of a mediator, based on the capability limitations of its sources. Our algorithms take into consideration a variety of query-processing techniques employed by mediators to enhance the set of supported queries.
Oxidation of Silicides - Summary

Silicides of transition metals are used in two distinct ways in very large scale integrated circuits: (i) in the contact pads of individual devices on a chip, and (ii) in the interconnection lines. For the latter applications, two particular properties of the silicides make them desirable: their metallic electrical conductivity, and the possibility to produce a protective coating of SiO2 under heat treatment in an oxidizing ambient. Of those two attributes, the second one is particularly attractive because it offers inherent advantages in multilevel metallization schemes. To utilize this feature of silicides successfully, an understanding of the oxidation process is mandatory.
Effect of different levels of humic acids on nutrient content and growth of corn (Zea mays L.)

The effect of humic acids on nutrient uptake and growth of corn plants (Zea mays L.) was investigated by growing corn in plastic growth pouches containing a Hoagland nutrient solution to which were added 0, 320, 640, 1,600 or 3,200 ppm HA, pH 7.0. The experiments were carried out in three replicates for a growing period of 16 days after germination. Humic acid was in general beneficial to shoot and root growth of corn plants. Dry matter yield in corn shoots was stimulated by HA, especially by treatments with 640 ppm HA. Nutrient uptake showed a number of differences as a result of treatments with HA. Moderate applications with HA resulted in a significant increase in N content of corn shoots, while large amounts of HA had a tendency to reduce the N concentration in corn shoots. As a result of the HA treatments, P concentrations in corn shoots were decreased, but differences in K contents were statistically nonsignificant and Mn contents in shoots were also nonsignificantly different among the treatments. However, Zn content showed a tendency to increase with increasing applications of HA.
Preparation of 1-D nanoparticle superstructures with tailorable thicknesses using gold-binding peptide conjugates

We describe the preparation of new 1-D gold nanoparticle superstructures with tailorable thicknesses formed using a self-assembled gold-binding peptide conjugate template and examine how the synthesis and assembly mechanism impacts the organization of the superstructures.
Polarization in Pion-Nucleon Scattering and the Second and Third Pion-Nucleon Resonances

The polarization of the recoil nucleon in pion-nucleon scattering is studied from the point of view of providing a means of distinguishing among the various angular momentum assignments proposed for the higher pion-nucleon resonances. It is shown that polarization in this reaction is just as useful a guide as polarization in photoproduction. In particular, a measurement of the polarization at and in the neighborhood of 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} in the energy range between the first and third resonances should give a fairly convincing verification of one or the other of the prevailing assignments.
Acute Lateral Ankle Ligament Injuries: A Literature Review

The average general orthopaedic surgeon examines and treats a considerable number of acute lateral ankle ligament sprains in a busy office practice. A cursory review of recent articles published on this subject will present a confusing picture regarding diagnosis and treatment of Grade III injuries. An air of controversy surrounds the interpretation of diagnostic x-rays, and the management of these common ankle problems. This review article is presented to summarize current thoughts on the anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, and treatment of acute lateral ankle ligament sprains.
THE LANGUAGE OF GEOGRAPHY 1

Communication in geography will be more successful if the ways in which we manipulate language are better understood. Recognition and understanding of normal mental set reduce its effect as an inhibitor of recognition of other unconscious behavior. Great semantic variation in geographic terms is masked by 1) contextual carrying of meaning in communication and 2) highly individual formulation of central meaning and range of meaning concepts that are rarely challenged. Language by language, vocabulary categories and grammar force some observations and inhibit others, affecting the isolates (and their attributes) from nature and experience that are observed and the manner of observing them. Phenomena of interest to geographers are continuously variable in time and space, but in non-mathematical communication a continuum is commonly represented as a series of static and discrete segments. Maps communicating in a new way, showing characteristic continuous variability, might shed light on current issues related to the massive end of geometric progressions. Context is a geographic dimension. Pattern recognition, assimilation by systems, and automatic data processing, called forth by the exponentially increasing volume of pertinent information, represent more or less new types of communication. New keyword indexing of publications and reliance on abstracts lend new importance to the wording of titles and condensation of messages. Automated instrumental observation and imaging of terrestrial phenomena from extra-terrestrial vantage points can provide comparable and repeatable worldwide observations and instant generalizations made directly from particulars with simultaneous sampling of particulars. This is a new medium of communication which we shall master more readily if we improve our understanding of language behavior and of the processes that tend to inhibit or facilitate our acceptance of pertinent new truth.
Collinear quantum mechanical probabilities and rate constants for the Br + HCl(ν = 2, 3, 4) reaction using hyperspherical coordinates

Abstract Calculations of quantum mechanical probabilities and rate constants for the collinear reaction Br + HCl(ν = 2,3,4) → BrH + Cl, Br + HCl(ν
Conventional and Novel Gγ Protein Families Constitute the Heterotrimeric G-Protein Signaling Network in Soybean

Heterotrimeric G-proteins comprised of Gα, Gβ and Gγ proteins are important signal transducers in all eukaryotes. The Gγ protein of the G-protein heterotrimer is crucial for its proper targeting at the plasma membrane and correct functioning. Gγ proteins are significantly smaller and more diverse than the Gα and Gβ proteins. In model plants Arabidopsis and rice that have a single Gα and Gβ protein, the presence of two canonical Gγ proteins provide some diversity to the possible heterotrimeric combinations. Our recent analysis of the latest version of the soybean genome has identified ten Gγ proteins which belong to three distinct families based on their C-termini. We amplified the full length cDNAs, analyzed their detailed expression profile by quantitative PCR, assessed their localization and performed yeast-based interaction analysis to evaluate interaction specificity with different Gβ proteins. Our results show that ten Gγ genes are retained in the soybean genome and have interesting expression profiles across different developmental stages. Six of the newly identified proteins belong to two plant-specific Gγ protein families. Yeast-based interaction analyses predict some degree of interaction specificity between different Gβ and Gγ proteins. This research thus identifies a highly diverse G-protein network from a plant species. Homologs of these novel proteins have been previously identified as QTLs for grain size and yield in rice.
Anaerobic digestion of solid substrates in an innovative two-phase plug-flow reactor (TPPFR) and a conventional single-phase continuously stirred-tank reactor

An innovative mesophilic continuous-feed anaerobic plug-flow reactor was employed to study system performance with solid feeds from 3% to 16% TS and hydraulic retention times from 32.0 to 13.1 days. The reactor performance under high-solid feeds (>10% TS) corresponding to phase separation along the longitudinal distance of the plug-flow reactor was discussed. The two-phase plug-flow reactor (TPPFR) always recovered from acidogenic conditions prevailing at the head end of the TPPFR, and the methanogenic phase was dominant within the remainder of the TPPFR. As the feed solids concentration increased to greater than 16% (loading capacity of the feed solids concentration) and as the acidogenic phase was extended, the methanogenic bacteria could not recover from the “sour” digestion as shown by the decreased gas/or methane production rate. With same feeds and under same operating conditions, the performance of the plug-flow reactor with phase separation is much better than that of the conventional single-phase continuously stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) in terms of efficiency and overall bioconversion.
Zahnmedizinische Begriffe für Osteopathen – eine Einführung

Zusammenfassung Um als Osteopath mit einem Zahnarzt adaquat kommunizieren zu konnen, ist die Kenntnis der wichtigsten Grundbegriffe der Zahnmedizin notig. So sind beispielsweise die Bezeichnung und Orientierung der Zahnflachen wie auch die Nummerierung der Zahne hilfreich. Zudem kann die Erkennung einer korrekten Okklusion oder einer dysgnathen Bisslage auch in der Diagnostik eines Osteopathen ein Kontrollfaktor nach einer osteopathischen Intervention sein. Kieferorthopadische Gerate konnen auch als Hilfsmittel in eine osteopathische Behandlung integriert werden. Das Wissen uber den Effekt eines kieferorthopadischen Gerates und deren positive Ergebnisse erleichtern eine Zusammenarbeit zwischen Zahnarzt und Osteopath.
Correlation of freestream pressure disturbances in supersonic wind tunnels

An attempt is made to correlate data for freestream disturbance levels in terms of parameters that can be easily calculated for most wind tunnels. A correlation expression is derived assuming that the fluctuating pressure at the wall of the supersonic wind tunnel are related to fluctuating pressures in the freestream. The acoustic origins, flow properties, and geometric factors are taken into account. The suggested correlations of wind tunnel disturbances provide good predictions of rms pressure disturbances in the freestream of wind tunnels or on the surface of cones at Mach numbers greater than 2.5.
Verification and Validation of Time Domain Impedance Boundary Condition in Lined Ducts

A computational-aeroacoustics (CAA) code in the time domain has been developed for duct acoustics problems. A time-domain broadband impedance boundary condition is implemented in the code to simulate the acoustic liner. To verify the boundary condition in a duct environment, the CAA code is used to solve a semi-infinite two-dimensional duct problem with an acoustic liner for cases both with and without a sheared mean flow. The results from the numerical prediction tool agree excellently with the analytic solutions. In addition, the CAA code is validated by the experimental data from the NASA Langley Research Center flow impedance tube facility. It predicts accurately both the amplitude and the phase of the sound propagation from the NASA experiment. In both the verification and the validation problems, the no-slip condition is assumed for the mean flow to avoid the controversy over the condition of particle displacement continuity and the condition of particle velocity continuity and also to ensure the well-posedness of a time-domain broadband impedance boundary condition.
Spousal Violence and Women's Employment in India

ABSTRACTThis study analyzes women's experiences of physical or sexual spousal violence as a correlate of their employment. Based on the 2005–6 National Family Health Survey III, a nationally representative dataset from India, the analysis illustrates that married women who experienced spousal violence are more likely to be employed and are also more likely to work for cash remuneration and be employed year-round. These results may appear to suggest that spousal violence is associated with higher likelihood of married women seeking financial self-reliance. However, investigation of who decides how to spend women's earnings reveals that Indian women who experienced spousal violence are less likely to have a say in that vital decision, which suggests that women who experience spousal violence may also be more susceptible to financial exploitation. The evidence further indicates a need for caution among analyses that uniformly embrace employment as a financial empowerment tool for women.
A rapid method for genotyping mice for T cell receptor Vβa and Vβb haplotypes by PCR analysis of whole blood

Strains of laboratory mice bearing a germline deletion of some T cell receptor V beta genes have proven useful in a variety of studies of T cell receptor function. Analysis of genetic crosses between deleted and wild type strains can provide information about the relevance of genes located within the deletion to specific T cell responses. Existing techniques for genotyping offspring of such crosses usually involve flow cytometric analysis which may not be available to all laboratories. Recent nucleotide sequence data indicate the presence of two restriction enzyme site polymorphisms in the closely linked V beta 1 gene which discriminate between deleted and wild-type strains. Amplification of a DNA segment containing the diagnostic sites by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction enzyme digestion of the product offers a simple and rapid method for genotyping animals.
Nanoscale Imaging Technology for THz Frequency Transmission Microscopy

A novel nanoscale-engineering methodology is presented that has potential for the first-time development of a microscope-system capable of collecting terahertz (THz) frequency spectroscopic signatures from microscopic biological (bio) structures. This unique THz transmission microscopy approach is motivated by prior studies on bio-materials and bio-agents (e.g., DNA, RNA and bacterial spores) that have produced spectral features within the THz frequency regime (i.e., ~ 300 GHz to 1000 GHz) that appear to be representative of the internal structure and characteristics of the constituent bio-molecules. The suggested THz transmission microscopy is a fundamentally new technological approach that seeks to avoid the limitations that exist in traditional experiments (i.e., that must average over large numbers of microscopic molecules) by prescribing a viable technique whereby the THz frequency signatures may be collected from individual bio-molecules and/or microscopic biological constructs. Specifically, it is possible to envision the development of a “nanoscale imaging array” that possesses the characteristics necessary (e.g., sub-wavelength resolution) for successfully performing “THz-frequency microscopy.”
EasyTransport: an effective navigation and transportation guide for wide geographic areas

In this paper we present EasyTransport, a tool that offers effective navigation and/or transportation advice to travelers in wide geographic areas. Unlike most existing navigational and transportation advisory systems that utilize predefined paths connecting transition points and produce answers based on static information, EasyTransport uses no precompiled knowledge to generate the respective paths. The tool's underlying algorithm is based on the breadth-first-search (BFS) algorithm and traces dynamically feasible routes on a terrain. Our rationale is to reduce the number of nodes representing the possible points for a transition and thus the complexity of EasyTransport's operation. Since our algorithm functions with increasingly coarse geographic granularities, it can achieve its successful termination fast. We, furthermore, suggest heuristics that effectively manage the potentially enormous data sets in the geographic areas involved EasyTransport, is a highly interactive system that allows for easy querying and features flexible adaptation and presentation of the generated answers, ensures short response times, and offers useful getting-a round-and-how guidelines.
Olfactory bulb projections of the rat

Ten rats with lesions in the olfactory bulb were used in this study. Degenerating fibers were followed by the Nauta-Gygax silver impregnation technique and terminal changes were evaluated by the original Nauta technique. In these animals degenerating fibers can be traced into the lateral olfactory tract with projections to the olfactory tubercle, the fiberarchitectonic subareas of area 51 (with relative sparing of 51d), lateral olfactory nucleus, anterior amygdaloid area, cortical amygdaloid neucleus, medial amygdaloid nucleus and basomedial amygdaloid nucleus. Evidence for a projection to the lateral ventral entorhinal area is noted in all animals. No changes are noted in subiculum, hippocampus and stria terminalis; nor in the central, baso-lateral or lateral amygdaloid nuclei.
Remote Audit: A Research Framework

Audit practitioners have been progressively adopting communications and analytic technology to extend the scope, change the timing, and reduce the costs of audit processes. These efforts have been mainly ad hoc, lacking an integrative theoretical positioning. This paper redefines the concept of the “remote audit” as the process by which internal auditors couple information and communication technology (ICT) with analytical procedures to gather electronic evidence, interact with the auditee, and report on the accuracy of financial data and internal controls, independent of the physical location of the auditor. Building on research on virtual teams and an analysis of internal audit activities, we present a research framework identifying areas where ICT and automated audit analytics enable auditors to work remotely, reduce travel costs and latency, and increase efficiency and coverage.
Set separation and the lipschitz maximum principle

We present a general necessary condition for separation of the reachable set of a Lipschitz control system from another given set, expressed in terms of an "approximating multicone" to the set in a sense that contains as special cases the Clarke and Mordukhovich cones. We then show how this separation result implies a stronger form of the usual necessary condition for optimality.
Enabling delegation for impromptu collaboration in pervasive computing

One of the most common types of interactions in pervasive computing has been known as impromptu collaboration, which is often characterized as being opportunistic, spontaneous, proximity-based, and transient. Many research efforts have been made to secure this type of communications, addressing issues such as secure device identification, authentication, trust, and access control. However, little focus has been given on the issue of delegation, which could be a key enabler toward secure resource sharing in pervasive computing. In this paper we present a lightweight delegation framework extended from a previous access control solution for impromptu collaboration in pervasive computing. Our solution relies on the use of XML, and is secured by HMAC.
Don't wanna be Obama (all by my) self: Rab11a is involved in sequestration of fluid-phase cargo from membrane cargo. Focus on "Rab11a-positive compartments in proximal tubule cells sort fluid-phase and membrane cargo".

abundant physiological and morphological evidence establishes that that the apical membrane of renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs) possesses high endocytotic activity ([2][1]–[5][2], [8][3]). Hallmarks of this endocytotic activity evident at the ultrastructural level include an abundance of
Using Lagrangian Relaxation to Compute Capacity-Dependent Bid Prices in Network Revenue Management

We propose a new method to compute bid prices in network revenue management problems. The novel aspect of our method is that it explicitly considers the temporal dynamics of the arrivals of the itinerary requests and generates bid prices that depend on the remaining leg capacities. Our method is based on relaxing certain constraints that link the decisions for different flight legs by associating Lagrange multipliers with them. In this case, the network revenue management problem decomposes by the flight legs, and we can concentrate on one flight leg at a time. When compared with the so-called deterministic linear program, we show that our method provides a tighter upper bound on the optimal objective value of the network revenue management problem. Computational experiments indicate that the bid prices obtained by our method perform significantly better than the ones obtained by standard benchmark methods.
Ghostbusting Transgenerational Processes

Transgenerational processes contribute to organizing and disorganizing attachment. The past (in all its forms and potentialities) lives on in the present, influencing the affective field of the parent–child intersubjective matrix. In a child's construction of self, he or she may run up against the confounding presence of ghosts: the dissociated, and thereby unreflected upon past of their parents. This implicitly felt, yet explicitly unknown transmission interferes in the processing of emergent experience and impedes the child's development. Attachment theory, informed by psychoanalysis, and nonlinear dynamic systems theory, is the main theoretical underpinning of this paper's examination of the mechanisms involved in the transfer of dissociated dynamics from parent to child. The child's symptoms grow out of an incoherent affective field that defies representational mapping into a flexible usable theory of mind. Through play a child therapist finds openings to enter the attachment system, reflecting on how...
Effects of 3:5:3'-Triiodo-D-Thyronine on Serum Vitamin A and Carotenoids in Hypothyroidism'

The role of thyroid hormone in the con version of AŸ-carotene to vitamin A remains unsettled (Lowe et al., '56; Moore, '57). Moore ('57) in a recent summary con cluded that changes in serum vitamin A associated with changes in thyroid func tion are due to "drifts with the metabolic tide." Although this statement has little meaning, it implies that changes in serum vitamin A follow changes in oxygen con sumption. AŸ-Carotene, a precursor of vita min A, is transported in the lipoprotein fraction of serum along with cholesterol. A newly synthesized D-isomer of triiodothyronine (o-T3) causes in euthyroid sub jects a more pronounced effect on serum cholesterol than on oxygen consumption. This compound therefore should be of value in indicating whether changes in serum carotenoids and vitamin A are re lated more closely to changes in oxygen consumption or to changes in serum cho lesterol. In this paper the effects of D-triiodothyronine on serum cholesterol, caroten oids, vitamin A and oxygen consumption in a group of patients with thyroid de ficiency are reported with a note added regarding the effect of D-triiodothyronine on liver storage of vitamin A in rats. METHODS
Neural modeling in neuromuscular and rehabilitation research

Computation models of neurons are important tools in neuromuscular and rehabilitation research. Advances in knowledge about the anatomy and electrical properties of neurons in combination with parallel advances in computing speed and versatile software have made possible the development of realistic computer-based neural models. In this paper three examples of the use of models are presented. The first illustrates the use of models to dissect underlying physiological processes, the second illustrates the use of models in the engineering design process, and the third illustrates the use of models to assess experimental measurement techniques.
Color Vision Mechanisms in the Monkey

The monkey, Macaca mulatta, was chosen as the experimental animal for the investigation of the physiological mechanisms of color vision for two reasons: there is excellent behavioral evidence that the rhesus monkey has color vision (this is not true for some of the animals which have been used in similar investigations); furthermore, its color vision system is undoubtedly very similar to, if not identical with, that of man. There is good evidence (Walls, 1942) that color vision systems have evolved several separate times, once in the insects, again in fish, reptiles, and birds, and still again within the primate order. If this is correct, it would be little more than a coincidence ff the way in which information about the wavelength of light is encoded in the visual system of monkey and man were the same as the manner in which it is accomplished in fish or birds. In any case, if one is interested in relating the ways in which various neural elements respond to different wavelengths of light under various conditions to the manner in which these lights are perceived, one cannot go wrong in studying an animal as similar as possible to man, for virtually all of the behavioral results from color discrimination have been obtained on the human observer. The macaque lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), from which most of the recordings have been obtained, consists of six layers of cells separated by fiber layers. These cells receive connections from the axons of the ganglion cells of the retina and are thus the fourth-order neurons in the visual pathway. Anatomical studies (Glees and Le Gros Clark, 1941) have given little evidence for interconnections at this level; the types of responses recorded here may well be essentially the same as one would obtain from ganglion cells in the retina. However, the highly laminated structure of the LGN, in which the optic projection from each eye splits three ways, presents the possibility of some clues being present as to the nature of the organization of the visual system in the differential responses of cells in the various laminae. For this, as well as for certain technical reasons, the L G N rather than the retina was chosen as the recording site.
Information structures for simulation modeling of manufacturing systems

This paper presents an information-based approach to simula tion modeling and an information-based simulation environment called IBIS. IBIS uses information relationships to structure simulation models and to coordinate multiple models at different levels of hierarchical development. Because of its database orien tation, IBIS models do not exist as programming code but exist in the form of information links stored in a simulation database. The paper describes a sample manufacturing problem and the IBIS formulation for this problem. The information relationships defined in IBIS allow for hierarchical modeling of stations and entities, flexible product routing, multiple product assembly re quirements, and "push" and "pull" drivers for parts flow.
Rater Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Single and Dual Bubble Inclinometry to Assess Cervical Lateral Flexion

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to assess interrater and intrarater reliability and validity for single inclinometry (SI) and dual inclinometry (DI) assessment of cervical lateral flexion (CLF) range of motion and compare reliability in a practicing physical therapist (PT) and student PTs (SPTs). Methods Twenty-four subjects performed right and left CLF while SI, DI, and 3-dimensional kinematics were concurrently recorded. Subjects were reassessed by 2 SPTs and 1 PT using both SI and DI. Each subject was measured twice per rater in round-robin fashion. Results There were significant positive relationships between DI and motion capture for both right ( r = 0.841; P r = 0.838; P r = 0.927, P r = 0.834, P Conclusions Both SI and DI are acceptable for clinical use and both are reliable measurement methods for CLF between raters and for repeated measures. There are minimal differences in reliability between a PT with experience and SPTs with minimal experience.
Effects of mercury on visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra of mustard spinach plants (Brassica rapa P.)

Mustard spinach plants were grown in mercury-spiked and contaminated soils collected in the field under controlled laboratory conditions over a full growth cycle to test if vegetation grown in these soils has discernible characteristics in visible/near-infrared (VNIR) spectra. Foliar Hg concentrations (0.174e3.993 ppm) of the Mustard spinach plants were positively correlated with Hg concentration of soils and varied throughout the growing season. Equations relating foliar Hg concentration to spectral reflectance, its first derivative, and selected vegetation indices were generated using stepwise multiple linear regression. Significant correlations are found for limited wavelengths for specific treatments and dates. Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) and Red Edge Position (REP) values of plants in Hg-spiked and field-contaminated soils are significantly lower relative to control plants during the early and middle portions of the growth cycle which may be related to lower chlorophyll abundance or functioning in Hg-contaminated plants. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Secure information flow as a safety problem

The termination insensitive secure information flow problem can be reduced to solving a safety problem via a simple program transformation. Barthe, D'Argenio, and Rezk coined the term “self-composition” to describe this reduction. This paper generalizes the self-compositional approach with a form of information downgrading recently proposed by Li and Zdancewic. We also identify a problem with applying the self-compositional approach in practice, and we present a solution to this problem that makes use of more traditional type-based approaches. The result is a framework that combines the best of both worlds, i.e., better than traditional type-based approaches and better than the self-compositional approach.
A cascaded converter-based StatCom with energy storage

Due to their advantages in high power applications, multi-level converters have been introduced to flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) to enhance power transmission system operation. Although several multi-level StatCom topologies have been proposed to verify the high performance of multi-level converters used in reactive power compensation, they are not capable of controlling active power flow. To make multi-level converters more flexible and effective for active power flow control, energy storage systems, such as flywheels and batteries are incorporated into StatComs. In this paper, battery energy storage systems (BESS) are incorporated into a cascaded converter-based StatCom to implement both active and reactive power flow control using a PQ-decoupled PI control strategy. Furthermore, the dynamics of the integrated system in damping power oscillations are studied using an electromagnetic transient program PSCAD/EMTDC. Simulation results are provided to verify the feasibility and practicality of these ideas.
Toxoplasma-like encephalomyelitis in the horse.

Eight horses with progressive neurologic signs had encephalomyelitis asso­ ciated with toxoplasma-like protozoan bodies. There were scattered hemorrhagic, malacic lesions in white and grey matter in the brain and spinal cord. Microscopically there was malacia, mononuclear cell infiltration, especially perivascularly, gliosis, and various degrees of necrosis and hemorrhage. Other tissues were normal, except for the lung of one horse that had focal bronchopneumonia. The cerebrospinal fluid did not contain measur­ able amounts of IgM, TgG, or TgA. Serum from one horse was negative at I :64 by the hemagglutination-inhibition test for toxoplasma antibodies. Toxoplasmosis, a widespread infection and disease, has been reported in man, laboratory animals, a few feral and zoo animals and many domestic animals (8). Tn the English literature there are two reports of disease caused by toxoplasma in horses (4, 14). Various researchers (5, 6, 16) have found evidence of toxoplasma antibodies in serum of different species, including the horse. Toxoplasma is well known in human infants as a cause of ence­ phalitis subsequent to intrauterine infection and in adults either treated with immunosuppressive drugs or affected with neoplastic disease. This paper reports a neurologic disease in eight horses in which toxoplasma-like organ­ isms were associated with and confined to lesions in the central nervous system.
Pleiotropic Effects of a Mitochondrial–Nuclear Incompatibility Depend upon the Accelerating Effect of Temperature in Drosophila

Interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear gene products that underlie eukaryotic energy metabolism can cause the fitness effects of mutations in one genome to be conditional on variation in the other genome. In ectotherms, the effects of these interactions are likely to depend upon the thermal environment, because increasing temperature accelerates molecular rates. We find that temperature strongly modifies the pleiotropic phenotypic effects of an incompatible interaction between a Drosophila melanogaster polymorphism in the nuclear-encoded, mitochondrial tyrosyl-transfer (t)RNA synthetase and a D. simulans polymorphism in the mitochondrially encoded tRNATyr. The incompatible mitochondrial–nuclear genotype extends development time, decreases larval survivorship, and reduces pupation height, indicative of decreased energetic performance. These deleterious effects are ameliorated when larvae develop at 16° and exacerbated at warmer temperatures, leading to complete sterility in both sexes at 28°. The incompatible genotype has a normal metabolic rate at 16° but a significantly elevated rate at 25°, consistent with the hypothesis that inefficient energy metabolism extends development in this genotype at warmer temperatures. Furthermore, the incompatibility decreases metabolic plasticity of larvae developed at 16°, indicating that cooler development temperatures do not completely mitigate the deleterious effects of this genetic interaction. Our results suggest that the epistatic fitness effects of metabolic mutations may generally be conditional on the thermal environment. The expression of epistatic interactions in some environments, but not others, weakens the efficacy of selection in removing deleterious epistatic variants from populations and may promote the accumulation of incompatibilities whose fitness effects will depend upon the environment in which hybrids occur.
Natural History of Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a dynamic and potentially reversible disease. The natural history of cirrhosis is not the continuum of a single entity but is a progression across different prognostic stages, with the compensated and decompensated stages being the most important. Within the compensated stage, the presence or absence of varices is a key determinant in prognosis. In patients without varices, the main stratifying marker is a hepatic venous pressure gradient of 10 mmHg. Within decompensated cirrhosis, the occurrence of specific complications (ascites, variceal hemorrhage, and encephalopathy) adds to the prognostic granularity of the stage. A stage of “further” decompensation, as defined by the development of refractory ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, recurrent variceal hemorrhage, and recurrent/persistent hepatic encephalopathy, is likely to provide a larger prognostic differential among patients with decompensated cirrhosis. A final stage characterized by multi-organ failure, termed “acute-on-chronic” liver failure, is associated with the worst prognosis. This chapter provides an overview of the various prognostic stages and their significance for patients with cirrhosis.
No evidence for the involvement of the argasid tick Ornithodoros faini in the enzootic maintenance of marburgvirus within Egyptian rousette bats Rousettus aegyptiacus

Background The cave-dwelling Egyptian rousette bat (ERB; Rousettus aegyptiacus) was recently identified as a natural reservoir host of marburgviruses. However, the mechanisms of transmission for the enzootic maintenance of marburgviruses within ERBs are unclear. Previous ecological investigations of large ERB colonies inhabiting Python Cave and Kitaka Mine, Uganda revealed that argasid ticks (Ornithodoros faini) are hematophagous ectoparasites of ERBs. Yet, their potential role as transmission vectors for marburgvirus has not been sufficiently assessed.
Measurement of the hyperfine quenching rate of the clock transition in Yb 171

We report the first experimental determination of the hyperfine quenching rate of the 6s(2) (1)S(0)(F = 1/2) - 6s6p (3)P(0)(F = 1/2) transition in (171)Yb with nuclear spin I = 1/2. This rate determines the natural linewidth and the Rabi frequency of the clock transition of a Yb optical frequency standard. Our technique involves spectrally resolved fluorescence decay measurements of the lowest lying (3)P(0,1) levels of neutral Yb atoms embedded in a solid Ne matrix. The solid Ne provides a simple way to trap a large number of atoms as well as an efficient mechanism for populating (3)P(0). The decay rates in solid Ne are modified by medium effects including the index-of-refraction dependence. We find the (3)P(0) hyperfine quenching rate to be (4.42 ± 0.35) × 10(-2) s(-1) for free (171)Yb, which agrees with recent ab initio calculations.
‘Near death’ thromboembolic episode following device closure of atrial septal defect

Life-threatening pulmonary thromboembolism is a rare complication following device closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD). Our case is a 17-year old female who presented with a sudden cardiorespiratory arrest due to pulmonary thromboembolism, 5 months following a device closure of her ASD. She was successfully resuscitated and then underwent removal of the device with the associated clots and patch closure of the ASD. She made an uneventful recovery. We report this case to highlight that life-threatening thromboembolic complications can occur with ASD device closure.
Management of Arrhythmias in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Emphasis in the acute postinfarction period should be on prevention of cardiac arrest rather than resuscitation; immediate recognition and vigorous treatment of potentially lethal arrhythmias is the key step. Better understanding of which arrhythmias are most hazardous has come from intracardiac recording of His bundle activity, a technique that can localize the site of conduction disturbances more precisely than the ECG.
Soft-tissue reconstruction following extravasation of chemotherapeutic agents

The incidence of chemotherapeutic extravasation injuries ranges from 0.5% to 6%. Chronicity and an indolent course are prominent characteristics of such wounds, as are severe pain and ulceration with no tendency to spontaneous healing. Prevention is the best treatment. Aggressive surgical debridement is recommended for patients with persistent pain or ulceration. Whirlpool therapy, wet-to-dry dressing changes, and a vigorous physical therapy program are all helpful. Soft-tissue coverage can be obtained by skin grafting, delayed flaps, various local muscle or fasciocutaneous flaps, or by free tissue transfer.
Intercellular communication during plant epidermal cell redifferentiation

The process of cellular differentiation is of fundamental significance to our understanding of plant growth and development, yet experimental studies in this area have been rare. During development, each cell must somehow determine its position relative to others, and must differentiate accordingly. However, almost nothing is known about the mechanisms by which cells establish their positions and subsequently give rise to appropriate cell types. Although cell and tissue differentiation must certainly be the result of selective expression of the genome, a critical problem has been our inability to make the connection between phenotype and genotype. At a time when our knowledge of gene structure and function seems to be increasing exponentially, we still have little knowledge about how these genes actually cause cells to differentiate and form tissues, organs, and organisms.
Calicioid Lichens and Fungi of Great Smoky Mountains National Park: Not a Healthy Population

Fifty-four taxa of calicioid lichens and fungi are reported for Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Short narratives provide information on substrate(s), distribution within the park, and up to four representative specimens for each species. As a group of species that prefer older, undisturbed forests and clean air, the calicioid lichens are finding neither. The structural integrity of the forests has been ravaged by insect and fungal attack and air pollution has been a problem for far too long. The poor health of these species raises concern for the health of the park's ecosystems.
Energy-Efficient Nonvolatile Reconfigurable Logic Using Spin Hall Effect-Based Lookup Tables

In this paper, we leverage magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) devices to design an energy-efficient nonvolatile lookup table (LUT), which utilizes a spin Hall effect (SHE) assisted switching approach for MTJ storage cells. SHE–MTJ characteristics are modeled in Verilog-A based on precise physical equations. Functionality of the proposed SHE–MTJ-based LUT is validated using SPICE simulation. Our proposed SHE—MTJ-based LUT (SHE–LUT) is compared with the most energy-efficient MTJ-based LUT circuits. The obtained results show more than 6%, 37%, and 67% improvement over three previous MTJ-based designs in term of read energy consumption. Moreover, the reconfiguration delay and energy of the proposed design is compared with that of the MTJ-based LUTs which utilize the spin transfer torque (STT) switching approach for reconfiguration. The results exhibit that SHE–LUT can operate at 78% higher clock frequency while achieving at least 21% improvement in terms of reconfiguration energy consumption. The operation-specific clocking mechanisms for managing the SHE–LUT operations are introduced along with detailed analyses concerning tradeoffs. Results are extended to design a 6-input fracturable LUT using SHE–MTJs.
Determination of the Charge Attached to Micro-scale Devices Used in Fluidic Self-Assembly Processes

Self-assembly of micron sized and smaller particles has previously been demonstrated using biologically inspired events such as DNA hybridization and interactions of ligands and receptors. In order to implement these techniques to create practical electronic devices, a quantitative measure of the amount of substance attached to the device surface just prior to the final assembly is essential. In the present investigation, this crucial quantity was investigated from the electrophoretic mobility of particles, which was ascertained by examining their motion under applied electric fields ranging from 0 to 1 V/mm. Sequential CCD camera images processed with custom software enabled calculation of particle velocities during their viscous motion in an inexpensive electrophoresis chamber filled with a low-conductivity buffer solution. A linear fit through the velocity vs. electric field data points yielded the electrophoretic mobility, which was utilized in the Stokes equation to calculate the net amount of charge present on each device. For 5.44 micron carboxyl-coated polystyrene beads, this method indicated a charge of 2.69e-15 C per particle. The manufacturer of the beads, Spherotech corporation, quoted 6.37e-11 C as the expected charge. The more than three orders of magnitude discrepancy is at least partially attributable to the electrophoretic retardation and relaxation effects of small electrolyte ions in the buffer solution. The method was also applied to silicon islands in the shape of a cone frustum with similar dimensions to the beads. A mercapto-ethane-sulfonate monolayer, attached via thiol bonds to the gold-coated surface of the islands, provided the charge. The amount of charge on an island was calculated to average 2.48e-15 C, corresponding to a density of 3.82e10 mercapto-ethane-sulfonate groups per square centimeter of Au surface.
Fundamental and Practical Insights on the Packing of Modern High-Efficiency Analytical and Capillary Columns.

New stationary phases are continuously developed for achieving higher efficiencies and unique selectivities. The performance of any new phase can only be assessed when the columns are effectively packed under high pressure to achieve a stable bed. The science of packing columns with stationary phases is one of the most crucial steps to achieve consistent and reproducible high-resolution separations. A poorly packed column can produce non-Gaussian peak shapes and lower detection sensitivities. Given the ever larger number of stationary phases, it is impossible to arrive at a single successful approach. The column packing process can be treated as science whose unified principles remain true regardless of the stationary phase chemistry. Phenomenologically, the column packing process can be considered as a constant pressure or constant flow high-pressure filtration of a suspension inside a column with a frit at the end. This process is dependent on the non-Newtonian suspension rheology of the slurry in which...
Physical activity trajectories during midlife and subsequent risk of physical functioning decline in late mid-life: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of midlife physical activity on physical functioning in later life. Data are from 1771 Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) participants, aged 42-52 (46.4±2.7) years at baseline (1996-97). Latent class growth analysis was used to identify physical activity trajectory groups using reported sports and exercise index data collected at seven time-points from baseline to Visit 13 (2011-13); objective measures of physical functioning performance were collected at Visit 13. The sports and exercise index (henceforth: physical activity) is a measure of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity during discretionary periods of the day. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to model each continuous physical performance measure as a function of the physical activity trajectory class. Across midlife, five physical activity trajectory classes emerged, including: lowest (26.2% of participants), increasing (13.4%), decreasing (22.4%), middle (23.9%), and highest (14.1%) physical activity. After full adjustment, women included in the middle and highest physical activity groups demonstrated ≥5% better physical functioning performance than those who maintained low physical activity levels (all comparisons; p<0.05). Statistically significant differences were also noted when physical activity trajectory groups were compared to the increasing physical activity group. Results from the current study support health promotion efforts targeting increased (or maintenance of) habitual physical activity in women during midlife to reduce future risk of functional limitations and disability. These findings have important public health and clinical relevance as future generations continue to transition into older adulthood.
Treatment Mechanisms With Homeless Veterans.

ABSTRACTObjective: Emotion regulation and social processes that longitudinally predict depressive symptom change have not yet been investigated as mechanisms of change within a residential treatment context for homeless veterans with substance use issues. Methods: A longitudinal data analysis of 186 homeless veterans enrolled in a six-month residential rehabilitation and addiction treatment program was conducted to investigate the role of six different emotion regulation variables as well the impact of two relationship quality constructs when measured at three time points across treatment. Results: A large effect size reduction in depressive symptoms occurred during treatment (η2 = .233), and further analyses revealed that early treatment changes in a single subtype of emotion regulation, one's ability to tolerate distress while engaging in goal-directed behavior, was the only mechanism that preceded continued reductions in depressive symptoms later in treatment (β = .13, p < .001). Social mechanisms of c...