cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On visually evoked potentials in eeg induced by multiple pseudorandom binary sequences for brain computer interface design

Visually evoked potentials have attracted great attention in the last two decades for the purpose of brain computer interface design. Visually evoked P300 response is a major signal of interest that has been widely studied. Steady state visual evoked potentials that occur in response to periodically flickering visual stimuli have been primarily investigated as an alternative. There also exists some work on the use of an m-sequence and its shifted versions to induce responses that are primarily in the visual cortex but are not periodic. In this paper, we study the use of multiple m-sequences for intent discrimination in the brain interface, as opposed to a single m-sequence whose shifted versions are to be discriminated from each other. Specifically, we used four different m-sequences of length 31. Our main goal is to study if the bit presentation rate of the m-sequences have an impact on classification accuracy and speed. In this initial study, where we compared two basic classifier schemes using EEG data acquired with 15Hz and 30Hz bit presentation rates, our results are mixed; while on one subject, we got promising results indicating bit presentation rate could be increased without decrease in classification accuracy; thus leading to a faster decision-rate in the brain interface, on our second subject, this conclusion is not supported. Further detailed experimental studies as well as signal processing methodology design, especially for information fusion across EEG channels, will be conducted to investigate this question further.
Spacer FinFET: nanoscale double-gate CMOS technology for the terabit era

A spacer lithography technology using a sacrificial layer and a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) spacer layer has been developed, and is demonstrated to achieve sub-40 nm structures with conventional dry etching. The minimumsized features are finished not by photolithography but by the CVD film thickness. Therefore the spacer lithography technology yields critical dimension variations of minimum-sized features which are much smaller than achieved by optical or e-beam lithography. It also provides a doubling of device density for a given lithography pitch. This spacer lithography technology is used to pattern silicon-fin structures for double-gate MOSFETs and CMOS FinFET results are reported. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Intrinsic Membrane Hyperexcitability of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient-Derived Motor Neurons

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of the motor nervous system. We show using multielectrode array and patch-clamp recordings that hyperexcitability detected by clinical neurophysiological studies of ALS patients is recapitulated in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons from ALS patients harboring superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), C9orf72, and fused-in-sarcoma mutations. Motor neurons produced from a genetically corrected but otherwise isogenic SOD1(+/+) stem cell line do not display the hyperexcitability phenotype. SOD1(A4V/+) ALS patient-derived motor neurons have reduced delayed-rectifier potassium current amplitudes relative to control-derived motor neurons, a deficit that may underlie their hyperexcitability. The Kv7 channel activator retigabine both blocks the hyperexcitability and improves motor neuron survival in vitro when tested in SOD1 mutant ALS cases. Therefore, electrophysiological characterization of human stem cell-derived neurons can reveal disease-related mechanisms and identify therapeutic candidates.
Sequential least-squares Fourier estimation with fading memory

Necessary and sufficient conditions are developed which insure finite fading memory least-square Fourier coefficient estimates from time and frequency domain data are equal. The implementation of such filters are also presented.
Variation in practice patterns of anesthesiologists in California for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Abstract Study Objective: To assess the responses to a survey asking anesthesiologists to report their clinical practice patterns for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis. These practice patterns data may be useful for understanding how to optimize the decision to provide PONV prophylaxis. Design: A written questionnaire with three detailed clinical scenarios with differing levels of a priori risk of PONV (a low-risk patient, a medium-risk patient, and a high-risk patient) was mailed to 454 anesthesiologists. Setting: Survey was completed by anesthesiologists (n = 240) in 3 university and 3 community practices in California. Measurements: Type and number of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for PONV prophylaxis were recorded. To assess the variability in the responses (by the a priori risk of patient), we counted the number of different regimens that would be necessary to account for 80% of the responses. Main Results: For the 240 respondents, we found that 1, 9, and 11 different pharmacological prophylaxis regimens were required to account for 80% of the variability in practice patterns for the low-, medium-, and high-risk patients, respectively. For the low-risk patient, 19% of practitioners would use pharmacological prophylaxis, and 37% would use nonpharmacological prophylaxis. For the medium-risk patient, 61% would use nonpharmacological prophylaxis and 67% of practitioners would use multidrug prophylaxis: 45% of patients would receive a 5HT 3 antagonist, 35% would receive metoclopramide, and 16% would receive droperidol. For the high-risk patient, 94% of practitioners would administer a 5HT 3 antagonist, whereas 84% would use multi-drug prophylaxis. Conclusions: We found a wide range of PONV prophylaxis management patterns. This variation in clinical practice may reflect uncertainty about the efficacy of available interventions, or differences in practitioners' clinical judgment and beliefs about how to treat PONV. Some therapies with proven benefit for PONV may be underused. Our results may be useful for designing studies aimed at determining the impact on PONV rates when physicians develop and implement guidelines for PONV prophylaxis.
Measurement Properties of Constraints to Sport Participation: A Psychometric Examination with Adolescents

Constraint are a major focus of theoretical and empirical study in leisure research. However, analyses of psychometric properties of constraints measures are rare. This study assessed the factor structure and invariance of a leisure constraints measure applied to sport participation among middle school adolescents (ages 11 to 15 years old) using panel data over two time periods nine months apart (N = 2,029). We compared the validity of three baseline models: a theoretical 3-factor model, a 7-factor model, and a second-order factor model. The 7-factor model exhibited a more appropriate measurement model based on fit indices and statistical comparisons. Using the 7-factor model, construct validity and invariance of the model over time (Time 1 and Time 2) was examined by gender, grade level, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The model was found to be invariant at the factor loading and intercept levels, while there was some evidence of non-invariance at further constrained levels. In general, the 7-f...
A scenario‐based approach to credit course instruction

What would a library credit course look like if the syllabus and course content were based on the type of daily questions that undergraduate students regularly present to librarians at the reference desk? The scenario‐based approach to credit course instruction integrates such real‐life situations into its syllabus. Examples of such scenarios include determining if a library owns materials on a reading list or bibliography; using a subject‐specific database to find articles from peer‐reviewed journals; finding reviews of books on a reading list; “packaging” a list of citations and then sending it via e‐mail to a home account; and creating a personalized “library gateway” through a Web authoring exercise. This article includes the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, and student evaluations from such a course. A course Web page is available at http://libweb.uoregon.edu/subjguid/lib101/
Analysis of a multi-spoke option for the RIA driver linac

Beam dynamics simulations of the proposed Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) driver linac have been done. The RIA driver linac is designed to accelerate stable ion beams from proton to uranium to final energies of 400 MeV/u for the heaviest and about 900 MeV/u for the lightest ions with beam powers of 100 to 400 kW. Two stripping sections are used to increase the charge state of heavy ions and minimize the total accelerating voltage required. To achieve the final beam power and to reduce the ion source requirements, multi-charge state beam acceleration is used. Multi-spoke structures in the high-energy part of the driver linac have been proposed as an alternative to the baseline design of 6-cell elliptical structures. A comparative analysis of this alternative is explored including beam dynamics, error constraints, and manufacturing issues.
The Sacred Object

At the center of the Christian world, at least according to most medieval mappa mundi, is the cross. In these images, X marks the spot, the axis that orients the world. By the later Middle Ages in Europe, the cross was the sacred object par excellence: it circulated as relics and representations, was performed in blessings, extolled in poems and sermons, evoked in prayers of healing and protection, and venerated in ceremonies such as creeping to the cross on Good Friday.1 An instrument of torture turned sign of redemption, medieval explanations of its special status reflect upon how its very ordinary materiality was imbued with and transformed by sacred power, an issue at the center of this special issue. A passage from “The Exaltation of the Cross” in William Caxton’s fifteenthcentury printing of the Golden Legend opens by describing the process that transformed a “tre of fylthe” into a sacred object:
Comparison of video- and EMG-based evaluations of the magnitude of children's emotion-modulated startle response.

We investigated the reliability and validity of a video-based method of measuring the magnitude of children’s emotion-modulated startle response when electromyographic (EMG) measurement is not feasible. Thirty-one children between the ages of 4 and 7 years were videotaped while watching short video clips designed to elicit happiness or fear. Embedded in the audio track of the video clips were acoustic startle probes. A coding system was developed to quantify from the video record the strength of the eye-blink startle response to the probes. EMG measurement of the eye blink was obtained simultaneously. Intercoder reliability for the video coding was high (Cohen’sκ = .90). The average within-subjects probe-by-probe correlation between the EMG- and video-based methods was .84. Group-level correlations between the methods were also strong, and there was some evidence of emotion modulation of the startle response with both the EMG- and the video-derived data. Although the video method cannot be used to assess the latency, probability, or duration of startle blinks, the findings indicate that it can serve as a valid proxy of EMG in the assessment of the magnitude of emotion-modulated startle in studies of children conducted outside of a laboratory setting, where traditional psychophysiological methods are not feasible.
A NEW FIDIOBIA SPECIES (HYMENOPTERA: PLATYGASTRIDAE) REARED FROM EGGS OF DIAPREPES DOUBLIERII (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FROM DOMINICA

Abstract A new species of the genus Fidiobia reared from the eggs of Diaprepes doublierii collected in Dominica is described and illustrated. A key to the New World species of the genus Fidiobia, a host and distribution table of the 13 known Fidiobia species, and a summary of the efforts made to introduce natural enemies of Diaprepes species into Florida are provided.
Bringing IL-2 down to earth

[Comment on Bandyopadhyay et al, page 2878][1]In this issue of Blood , Bandyopadhyay and colleagues identify Ikaros as promoting epigenetic changes at the Il2 locus under tolerizing conditions. In Greek mythology, Ikaros' overexuberance spurs him to fly too close to the sun leading to his demise ([
Effort Expenditure Following Failure

There is a large body of research documenting the alternatively deleterious or beneficial effects of an experience with failure on subsequent performance. Performance feedback on an achievement-oriented task is, in fact, one of the most common independent variables to be found in clinical and social psychological research. Work on the effects of failure on subsequent performance has been used to examine a number of theoretical models; failure induction studies have been conducted by researchers interested, among other things, in test anxiety, depression, attributional processes, achievement motivation, stress, and frustration (Coyne, Metalsky, & Lavelle, 1980).
SCOUR ABOUT A SINGLE, CYLINDRICAL PILE DUE TO COMBINED RANDOM WAVES AND A CURRENT

There have been many studies of scour around piles caused by waves, and some studies of scour by waves and currents combined. However, almost all of the studies were conducted with monochromatic waves. The purpose of this investigation was to study what scouring effects various currents and random waves have on a single, cylindrical pile. These results were then compared with the results from previous studies of scour resulting from currents and monochromatic waves at Texas A&M University (Armbrust, 1982 and Wang, 1983). Experiments were conducted in a two-dimensional wave tank. The pile used in this study had a diameter of 1.5 inches. Two water depths, four currents, one sediment size and four random wave spectra were utilized. Using data obtained from the experiments, an attempt was made to describe scour in terms of relevant dimensionless parameters.
Market Discipline and Government Guarantees: Evidence from the Insurance Industry

We identify the effect of public guarantees on market discipline by exploiting the rich variation in U.S. state guarantees of property-liability insurer obligations. We find government guarantees significantly reduce the sensitivity of premium growth to changes in financial strength ratings, and that this reduced sensitivity applies to both price and volume changes. The effects are concentrated among insurers rated A- or lower by A.M. Best, the leading financial strength rating agency in the insurance industry. For downgraded insurers, we find that premium growth in business not covered by state guarantees falls in relation to growth in its covered business, with the estimate of the difference being as high as 15% for A- rated insurers and 10% for insurers rated below A-.
Fiber optic metal ion biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer

Recently, we have described a fluorescence-based fiber optic biosensor for zinc which uses a metalloenzyme as the sensor transducer. Zinc is bound tightly and specifically to the active site of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. If we add a fluorescent inhibitor, dansylamide, it binds to the zinc in the active site with concomitant large changes in its fluorescence quantum yield, emission wavelength, and lifetime. In the absence of zinc apocarbonic anhydrase does not bind the inhibitor and one observes the weak, red-shifted, short-lifetime emission of the free dansylamide. These fluorescence changes can be measured through optical fiber and correlated with the zinc concentration, with sub-ppb sensitivity, 50 dB dynamic range, and high selectivity.
Hypocretin/Orexin Pathology in Human Narcolepsy with and Without Cataplexy

Hypocretin (Hcrt, also called orexin) neurons have been implicated in the pathology underlying narcolepsy. The number of Hcrt cells in normal humans ranges from 51,000–83,000. Human narcolepsy is correlated with a greatly reduced number of Hcrt containing neurons and axons, and an elevated level of hypothalamic gliosis. Narcolepsy with cataplexy is characterized by a loss of approximately 90 % of Hcrt neurons. However, more than a quarter of narcoleptics do not have cataplexy and have normal levels of Hcrt in their cerebrospinal fluid. Narcolepsy without cataplexy has an overall a loss of 33 % of Hcrt cells compared to normal, with maximal cell loss in the posterior hypothalamus. A better understanding of the pattern of damage to Hcrt containing somas and axons and of the gliosis occurring in narcolepsy should clarify the nature of the pathological process responsible for this disorder.
Histone H3K36 methylation regulates pre-mRNA splicing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

ABSTRACTCo-transcriptional splicing takes place in the context of a highly dynamic chromatin architecture, yet the role of chromatin restructuring in coordinating transcription with RNA splicing has not been fully resolved. To further define the contribution of histone modifications to pre-mRNA splicing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we probed a library of histone point mutants using a reporter to monitor pre-mRNA splicing. We found that mutation of H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) – a residue methylated by Set2 during transcription elongation – exhibited phenotypes similar to those of pre-mRNA splicing mutants. We identified genetic interactions between genes encoding RNA splicing factors and genes encoding the H3K36 methyltransferase Set2 and the demethylase Jhd1 as well as point mutations of H3K36 that block methylation. Consistent with the genetic interactions, deletion of SET2, mutations modifying the catalytic activity of Set2 or H3K36 point mutations significantly altered expression of our reporter and reduced s...
An update on pellicle-compatible EUV inner pod development

By 2015 EUV pellicle development has made significant progress such that it is mature enough for production testing. To support the implementation of the pellicle, the current EUV Inner Pod (EIP) design is modified to accommodate the addition of a pellicle to the reticle, which primarily involves adding a pellicle pocket to the baseplate of the EIP. Working closely with an EUV lithography customer, Entegris has developed a pellicle-compatible EUV inner pod that has passed this customer’s testing. This paper presents the key design features of the Entegris pellicle-compatible EUV pod and the testing results. The non-pellicle EIP baseplate is a flat plate and is designed to maintain a very small distance from the underside (also pattern side) of the reticle. In the pellicle-compatible version a pocket is added to the baseplate to accommodate the pellicle and its frame. For compatibility purpose, the weight of the pellicle-compatible baseplate is kept about the same as the non-pellicle baseplates. In addition, considering that both non-pellicle and pellicalized reticles are going to be used by end users, a feature on the backside of the baseplate that’s different between the two versions is going to be used by a sensor in the lithography tool to tell whether it is a pellicle or non-pellicle pod. Test results from several critical defectivity tests are highlighted in this paper including: full system cycle test, reticle handling tests, venting tests, EIP outgassing tests, along with pod shipping test.
Voice Morphing that improves TTS quality using an optimal dynamic frequency warping-and-weighting transform

Dynamic Frequency Warping (DFW) is widely used to align spectra of different speakers. It has long been argued that frequency warping captures inter-speaker differences but DFW practice always involves a tricky preprocessing part to remove spectral tilt. The DFW residual is successfully used in Voice Morphing to improve the quality and the similarity of synthesized speech but the estimation of the DFW residual remains largely heuristic and sub-optimal. This paper presents a dynamic programming algorithm that simultaneously estimates the Optimal Frequency Warping and Weighting transform (ODFWW) and therefore needs no preprocessing step and fine-tuning while source/target-speaker data are matched using the Matching-Minimization algorithm [1]. The transform is used to morph the output of a state-of-the-art Vocaine-based [2] TTS synthesizer in order to generate different voices in runtime with only +8% computational overhead. Some morphed TTS voices exhibit significantly higher quality than the original one as morphing seems to "correct" the voice characteristics of the TTS voice.
Transport in Protective Coatings

Coatings provide an important role in the protection of metals, whether as an active or passive barrier. One part of the role of coatings is to prevent or delay reactants from the external environment gaining access to the metal/coating interface. Another part is for the timely release of inhibitors to mitigate corrosion. This chapter begins with an examination of transport within coatings particularly oxygen and water and how it is measured. It then examines the influences of composition of the coating through the influence of coating components. It finishes with examination of some recent advances in this area.
The Endurance of Surfing in 19th-Century Hawai‘i

Conflicting reports of surfingâ€™s near-demise in 19th-century Hawaiâ€˜i compel us to re-evaluate historical sources of information and look to recently-available newspaper databases to understand how surfing fared during a century of monumental change. I argue that while surfing remained suppressed by influential haole (non-Hawaiians, especially those of European origin) around the capital of Honolulu, areas outside of the capital, both on Oâ€˜ahu and on other Hawaiian islands, kept the cultural traditions alive. A review of primary sources indicates that the story of surfingâ€™s demise was perpetuated by haole who had vested interests in furthering specific religious, economic and political agendas in the Hawaiian Islands and who were deeply committed to the colonial process. Three categories of newspaper articles in particularâ€”missionary declamations against surfing, topical reports of Hawaiians riding waves, and reports of surf exhibitions staged for travellersâ€”provide collective evidence that Native Hawaiians did not in fact abandon surfing but continued to practice their national pastime.
Incidence of central venous catheter hub contamination

Abstract Purpose To investigate microorganisms causing central venous catheter contamination and how this contamination differs across different catheter metrics. Materials and methods After obtaining IRB approval and informed consent, 830 cultures were prospectively obtained from 45 ICU patients with central venous catheter or peripherally inserted central catheter. Bacterial colonies were identified by mass spectrometry. Results Bacterial contamination of central catheter hubs occurred 44% of the time in this study in the ICU setting. Coagulase-positive staphylococci cultures had higher median (± interquartile range) CFUs (12 ± 232) versus coagulase-negative (3 ± 10) and other bacteria (1 ± 3; P 15 CFUs). Conclusions This study found a high incidence of central access catheter hub bacterial contamination, which correlated with positive blood cultures in 2 of 3 total bacteremia cases identified in the 45 patients.
Older adult falls prevention behaviors 60 days post-discharge from an urban emergency department after treatment for a fall

Falls are a common and debilitating health problem for older adults. Older adults are often treated and discharged home by emergency department (ED)-based providers with the hope they will receive falls prevention resources and referrals from their primary care provider. This descriptive study investigated falls prevention activities, including interactions with primary care providers, among community-dwelling older adults who were discharged home after presenting to an ED with a fall-related injury. We enrolled English speaking patients, aged ≥ 65 years, who presented to the ED of an urban level one trauma center with a fall or fall related injury and discharged home. During subjects’ initial visits to the ED, we screened and enrolled patients, gathered patient demographics and provided them with a flyer for a Matter of Balance course. Sixty-days post enrollment, we conducted a phone follow-up interview to collect information on post-fall behaviors including information regarding the efforts to engage family and the primary care provider, enroll in a falls prevention program, assess patients’ attitudes towards falling and experiences with any subsequent falls. Eighty-seven community-dwelling people between the ages of 65 and 90 were recruited, the majority (76%) being women. Seventy-one percent of subjects reported talking to their provider regarding the fall; 37% reported engaging in falls prevention activities. No subjects reported enrolling in a fall prevention program although two reported contacting falls program staff. Fourteen percent of subjects (n=12) reported a recurrent fall and 8% (7) reported returning to the ED after a recurrent fall. Findings indicate a low rate of initiating fall prevention behaviors following an ED visit for a fall-related injury among community-dwelling older adults, and highlight the ED visit as an important, but underutilized, opportunity to mobilize health care resources for people at high risk for subsequent falls.
General Principles of Endocrinology

This chapter begins with the definition of an endocrine gland, comparing endocrine signals to autocrine, paracrine, and neurocrine. It then shows how endocrine signals interact with nervous signals for overall physiological control. Hormones are then classified according to structure: modified amino acids, polypeptides, and steroids. The major hormones are listed according to site of release and/or function. The two major types of secretions—released from storage vesicles or as synthesized—are described. Transport in the blood is discussed in a general way and then the idea of the specific receptor is introduced, along with classical plots for the analysis of hormone binding or effect. These plots include the Scatchard plot, titration curve, and Hill plot. The dose–response curve is discussed, along with the idea of up- and downregulation and sensitization or desensitization. Metabolic clearance rate is introduced and its relation to the fractional turnover is derived. Methods for assaying hormones are introduced.
Thematic Cluster Analysis of the L2 Experience Interview Corpus

This chapter addresses two research questions. First, what semantic clusters are identifiable in the L2 Experience Interview Corpus (Polat 2013a), and second, what can these clusters tell us about the participants’ L2 learning experience? Starting with our transcribed sentences (called “elementary contexts”) as the basic unit of analysis, the T-Lab software identifies keywords from the corpus, performs a correspondence analysis, and then conducts a cluster analysis based on parameters entered by the user. (See Lancia 2016, for a complete description of T-Lab operations.) In this case, a three-cluster option was selected as the most explanatory model, representing 37.73% of shared variance, with p = 0.027. This means that T-Lab (Lancia 2004) recognized three distinct groups of words that tend to co-occur with each other (internal homogeneity) and tend not to occur with words in the other two clusters (external heterogeneity). The three thematic clusters, which we have named Classroom, Communication, and Studying, are discussed in turn below.
Examination of the Construct Validity of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status Language Index in a Mixed Neurological Sample.

Objective We sought to examine the construct validity of the Language Index of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Methods Archival neuropsychological data were collected for 2,057 individuals of diverse neurological etiologies. Results Correlations were seen between the RBANS Language Index and its indices (Semantic Fluency r = .727; Picture Naming r = .786), between Semantic Fluency and both Category Fluency (r = .379) and the Controlled Oral Word Association test (r = .375), and between Picture Naming and both Visual Naming from the Multilingual Aphasia Examination (r = .447) and the Boston Naming Test (r = .519). Finally, Picture Naming predicted performance on both Visual Naming [F(1,495) = 123.36, p < .000] and the Boston Naming Test [F(1,262) = 96.28, p < .000]. Conclusion Given these results, support for the interpretation of RBANS Language Index appears warranted in a diverse clinical sample.
Enhanced Electron Mobility in Nonplanar Tensile Strained Si Epitaxially Grown on SixGe1–x Nanowires

We report the growth and characterization of epitaxial, coherently strained SixGe1–x–Si core–shell nanowire heterostructure through vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism for the SixGe1–x core, followed by an in situ ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition for the Si shell. Raman spectra acquired from individual nanowire reveal the Si–Si, Si–Ge, and Ge–Ge modes of the SixGe1–x core and the Si–Si mode of the shell. Because of the compressive (tensile) strain induced by lattice mismatch, the core (shell) Raman modes are blue (red) shifted compared to those of unstrained bare SixGe1–x (Si) nanowires, in good agreement with values calculated using continuum elasticity model coupled with lattice dynamic theory. A large tensile strain of up to 2.3% is achieved in the Si shell, which is expected to provide quantum confinement for electrons due to a positive core-to-shell conduction band offset. We demonstrate n-type metal-oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors using SixGe1–x–Si core–shell nanowires as chan...
On the Prosthetic Groups of Nitrogenase

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the prosthetic groups of nitrogenase. Understanding the chemical mechanism of nitrogenase is a current goal of several research groups. The electrochemical studies of the MoFe protein are important because one should be able to count the electrons added to oxidized protein to correlate this with the number of prosthetic groups present. One should also be able to distinguish classes of electron transfer components by their midpoint potentials, providing that the state of oxidation of the components is determinate. A difficulty not easily overcome is that if a reduced form of the MoFe protein is produced, the reduction of the H to H2 will normally ensue, thus preventing either thermodynamic or stoichiometric measurements on protein reduced past the resting form as isolated in dithionite-containing solutions.
Blood stream infection is associated with cerebrovascular accident in patients with left ventricular assist device: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is one of the major complications and a leading cause of death in patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Multiple studies of have shown that patients with blood stream infection (BSI) are more likely to develop CVA compared to patients without BSI. However, there is no meta-analysis to confirm this association. Studies were systematically acquired from MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases. Included studies assessed patients with heart failure requiring LVAD and reported the number of patients who had BSI post LVAD, incidence of ischemic CVA, hemorrhagic CVA, or any CVA. Pooled effect size was calculated with a random-effect model, weighted for the inverse of variance. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2. Six studies were analyzed. Participants with LVAD who developed BSI were more likely to have a CVA compared to participants without BSI (RR 3.43, 95% CI 2.49–4.72, I2 = 0). In four studies, there was an association between BSI and increased incidence of hemorrhagic CVA post LVAD (RR 5.28, 95% CI 2.65–10.53) with minimal heterogeneity (I2 = 30%). In three studies, participants with BSI were more likely to develop ischemic CVA (RR 2.18, 95% CI 1.23–3.84) compared to patients without BSI. This meta-analysis suggested that there maybe an association between blood stream infection and cerebrovascular accident in patients with LVAD.
Sample spacing variations on the feature performance for subsurface object detection using handheld ground penetrating radar

The use of handheld ground penetrating radar (GPR) for subsurface object detection often faces challenges coming from the human operator effect, antenna height variation and uneven data sample spacing. This paper investigates the artifact of uneven sample spacing on the performance of the features extracted from the handheld GPR, for the discrimination between targets and false alarms at the initial detection locations reported by a prescreener. The features we examined are the log Gabor and the Local Binary Pattern (LBP). They have been shown previously to be able to improve the detection performance in the absence of sample spacing artifact. The effect of the variation in the detection alarm location from the prescreener on the features will also be examined. The detection performance with and without sample spacing artifact and alarm location accuracy will be contrasted on a data set collected at a government test site.
Quality Engineering: Control, Design and Optimization

This chapter reviews the present status and new trends in quality engineering for control, design, and optimization of product and manufacturing processes as well as other processes/systems. Reviews of quality management strategies and programs are presented including principle-centered quality improvement, quality function deployment, Six Sigma process improvement, and Design for Six Sigma. Techniques for off-line quality engineering are presented with emphasis on robust design, signalto- noise ratios, and experimental design. Approaches for on-line quality engineering are described including acceptance sampling, 100% inspection, statistical process control, control charts, and process adjustment with feedback control.
Estimating the abundance of polar bears on Wrangel Island during late summer using high-resolution satellite imagery: a pilot study

Wrangel Island, Russia is well-known as a critical denning location in the Chukchi Sea polar bear (Ursus maritimus) population, but little is known about abundance and distribution of bears there. Our objective was to apply high-resolution satellite imagery (VHR; 0.3–0.5 m resolution) methods to estimate the density and abundance of bears on Wrangel Island. We used image-differencing to search 9% of the island and count polar bears on WorldView-3 imagery. We calculated potential densities of polar bears under three stratification scenarios: (1) one stratum, assuming constant density across the search area; (2) two strata, delineated into a higher-density area within 8 km around the coast and a lower density in the Wrangel Island interior; and (3) three strata such that the higher-density, coastal zone was bisected between the north and south coasts, since polar bears may be more likely to be present on the northern coast given the northward recession of sea-ice throughout summer. We counted 26 bears on this single image, resulting in density estimates ranging from 1 to 18 polar bears/100 km2. Assuming constant densities within each strata across the island, abundance estimates may range from 290 to 331 independent polar bears during August 2015. These estimates of density and abundance are comparable to previous research on Wrangel Island, although our estimates require ground validation and should be interpreted with caution. Using WV-03 imagery provides increased spatial resolution that is expanding applications and increasing our ability to detect polar bears.
Cardiovascular disease and preventive care among cancer survivors: A population-based study.

10081Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been identified as a leading cause of mortality among cancer survivors, particularly long-term survivors. However, studies examining the prevalence...
Detection and Classification of Ignitable Liquid Residues in the Presence of Matrix Interferences by Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry.

Conventional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) methods for the analysis of ignitable liquids (ILs) are usuallytime-consuming, and the data produced are difficult to interpret. A fast IL screening method using direct analysis in real time mass spectrome-try (DART-MS) is proposed in this study. GC-MS, QuickStrip DART-MS, and thermal desorption DART-MS methods were used to analyzeneat ILs and thermal desorption DART-MS without extraction was used to analyze ILs on five substrates (e.g., carpet, wood, cloth, sand, andpaper). Compared to GC-MS, DART-MS methods generated different spectral profiles for neat ILs with more peaks in the higher mass rangeand also provided better detection of less volatile compounds. ILs on substrates were successfully classified (98+-1%) using partial leastsquares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models based on thermal desorption DART-MS data. This study shows that DART-MS has greatpotential for the high-throughput screening of ILs on substrates.
E-162 Intraprocedural real-time observation of remote intracerebral hemorrhage during mechanical thrombectomy after intravenous thrombolysis

Remote intracerebral hemorrhage in stroke patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen (IV-tPA) is a poorly understood entity with uncertain etiology. A 65 year old woman was treated with IV-tPA after presenting to our institution with a one hour history of right sided weakness and speech difficulty. Cerebral angiography showed occlusion of the left superior M2 division of middle cerebral artery (MCA). Mechanical thrombectomy of the left MCA clot was performed with confirmation of subsequent TICI-3a flow. Intraoperative left vertebral artery injection was performed to look for collateral flow, which revealed contrast extravasation from the left thalamoperforator arteries in real time. With no CT evidence of prior infarct in this region and a demonstrated lack of perfusion defect via angiography, this novel observation supports the hypothesis that remote intracerebral hemorrhage following IV-tPA is due to pre-existing small vessel disease, with or without microbleeds. As we enter the era of endovascular stroke treatment, our observation that pre-existing small vessel disease with or without microbleeds plays a role in the etiology of remote intracerebral hemorrhage indicates that risk factors for small vessel disease should be incorporated into future risk models for thrombolytic stroke therapy. Disclosures P. Chamiraju: None. B. Kolb: None. H. Saber: None. P. Maddali: None. S. Narayanan: None.
Demembranated skeletal and cardiac fibers produce less force with altered cross-bridge kinetics in a mouse model for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2i

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2i (LGMD2i) is a dystroglycanopathy that compromises myofiber integrity and primarily reduces power output in limb muscles but can influence cardiac muscle as well. P...
Gay and lesbian customers’ perceived discrimination and identity management

Abstract This research focuses on how gay and lesbian customers perceive potentially discriminatory attitudes and behaviors of service employees in the hospitality setting. Based on 143 gay men and 154 lesbian women participants, the results show that perceived discrimination at the group level is significantly higher than at the personal level. Two identity management strategies are identified: passing strategy involves customers avoiding personal questions and trying to appear heterosexual, while revealing strategy involves customers disclosing their sexual orientation and confronting negative gay and lesbian stereotypes. Gender differences are found in both perceived discrimination and identity management strategy. Lesbian women are found to have higher perceived discrimination than gay men, and they are more likely to engage in revealing strategy than gay men. The findings of this research contribute to hospitality research by confirming the personal/group discrimination discrepancy, identifying two identity management strategies, and documenting gay men and lesbian women differences.
High-temperature millimeter-wave dielectric measurements by free-space techniques

Experimental measurement techniques have been developed for utilizing spot-focusing and collimating lens antennas to determine the millimeter-wave dielectric properties of planar samples over the frequency range 30–140 GHz at temperatures up to 1600°C. The method is suitable for studying the average bulk-sample dielectric properties as well as inhomogeneities on the dimensional scale of a wavelength. Other significant advantages of the method include: thermal isolation of the sample from the measurement apparatus, minimum sample preparation requirements, and convenience for screening a large number of samples in relatively short time periods. The measurement apparatus has been used to study a wide variety of materials, which has led to successful models for explaining the observed temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of polycrystalline ceramics.
Contributions of Nitric Oxide to AHR-Ligand-Mediated Keratinocyte Differentiation

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) accelerates keratinocyte terminal differentiation through metabolic reprogramming and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Of the three NOS isoforms, NOS3 is significantly increased at both the RNA and protein levels by exposure to the very potent and selective ligand of the AHR, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Inhibition of NOS with the chemical N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) reversed TCDD-induced cornified envelope formation, an endpoint of terminal differentiation, as well as the expression of filaggrin (FLG), a marker of differentiation. Conversely, exposure to the NO-donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), increased the number of cornified envelopes above control levels and augmented the levels of cornified envelopes formed in response to TCDD treatment and increased the expression of FLG. This indicates that nitric oxide signaling can increase keratinocyte differentiation and that it is involved in the AHR-mediated acceleration of differentiation. As the nitrosylation of cysteines is a mechanism by which NO affects the structure and functions of proteins, the S-nitrosylation biotin switch technique was used to measure protein S-nitrosylation. Activation of the AHR increased the S-nitrosylation of two detected proteins of about 72 and 20 kD in size. These results provide new insights into the role of NO and protein nitrosylation in the process of epithelial cell differentiation, suggesting a role of NOS in metabolic reprogramming and the regulation of epithelial cell fate.
Personality traits and male vulnerability to commercial sexual exploitation victimisation.

Background There has been little research into whether personality traits increase vulnerability to serious forms of recurring victimisation, such as commercial sexual exploitation of young people. Aims To investigate whether impulsivity, emotional dysregulation or high psychopathy scale scores indicative of personality traits increase vulnerability to commercial sexual exploitation. Methods Data were used from the longitudinal Pathways to Desistance Study 1170 justice-involved men who were aged 14-19 at baseline data collection. Ninety-eight (8%) reported having been commercially sexually exploited during adolescence or young adulthood. We investigated whether personality traits measured at baseline were related to such victimisation. Results Results of binomial logistic regression among the young men in this sample indicated that Factor 1 scores on the Psychopathy Checklist-Youth Version (PCL-YV), reflecting affective and interpersonal features, are associated with having been commercially sexually exploited, while impulsivity, emotional dysregulation and Factor 2 PCL-YV, reflecting antisocial activities, were not. Having been a victim of other violence and being a member of a cultural or ethnic minority group were also independently related to being exploited. Conclusions and implications for practice Our findings show that individual differences in personality, such as fearless temperament and boredom susceptibility, could differentially disadvantage young people, and put them at greater risk of commercial sexual exploitation. This knowledge could be beneficial to prevention efforts supporting male adolescents at risk for victimisation by commercial sexual exploitation, and to shed new light on the theoretical understanding of vulnerability to it.
Health Care and the Laws of Nature

When science prevails over the laws of nature, controversy is near. Stories from antiquity warned against such hubris, like poor Icarus who plunged to his death during a maiden voyage with wings made from feathers and wax. Zeus intervened twice on the side of nature, first when he sentenced Prometheus to eternal torment for delivering the gift of fire to humanity, and again when he struck down love-stricken Orpheus with a bolt of lightning before Orpheus escaped from Hades. Whether divine warnings or stories told to invoke fear, science celebrates similar transgressions as evidence that God may be man-made. Whether we live in a universe forged over billions of years or in just under seven days, what are the malleability of nature’s laws? In 1903 Orville Wright elevated above the ground for 12 seconds in a gasoline-powered, propeller-driven biplane, but his legacy exists today in the context of war, travel and commerce. The impact from fire on an evolutionary timeline often omits reference that 10,000 years ago a spark may have transformed tuberculosis from an environmental microbe to a deadly disease that has killed more than 1 billion people. When science finally resurrects the dinosaurs, we can ask them about nature’s resilience.
Standardizing the Diagnostic Evaluation of Nonarthritic Hip Pain Through the Delphi Method.

Background:Femoroacetabular impingement and acetabular dysplasia have gained increased attention as nonarthritic sources of pain and dysfunction in young, active patients. To date, no standardized ...
Promoting Whole Health in the Dental Setting: Steps Toward an Integrated Interprofessional Clinical Learning Environment Involving Pharmacy, Social Work, and Nursing

Introduction: Dental settings have not traditionally functioned as access points to the health care system, however they can serve patients who may not otherwise seek routine health care. Millions of Americans annually visit either a dental or primary care provider, but not always both as recommended, even though multiple health co-morbidities can manifest in and impact oral health. Offering multidisciplinary health services in a dental setting has potential to reach unserved populations. Description: Innovative partnerships between schools of dentistry, pharmacy, social work, and nursing were designed to promote integrated service delivery in the emerging workforce and the purposeful inclusion of oral health in integrated care settings. Discussion: Oral complications of systemic disease and systemic complications of oral disease impose significant burdens on populations and the public health infrastructure in terms of economic cost, disability, and mortality. Exacerbated by the lack of integrated services, intersecting social, economic, and health issues perpetuate disparities and negative health outcomes. Care is often focused on reactive rather than preventive measures therefore addressing only the acute issue instead of the underlying, causative problem(s). Conclusion: We describe steps for integrated, whole-health services and lessons learned for other academic health institutions and interprofessional settings considering integrated clinical models.
Rotation Vectors for Surface Diffeomorphisms

We consider the concepts of rotation number and rotation vector for area preserving diffeomorphisms of surfaces and their applications. In the case that the surface is an annulus A the rotation number for a point x ∈ A represents an average rate at which the iterates of x rotate around the annulus. More generally the rotation vector takes values in the one-dimensional homology of the surface and represents the average “homological motion” of an orbit.