cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Ecology and Evolutionary History of an Emergent Disease: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

I the spring of 1993, a previously undescribed disease emerged in the Southwest, killing 10 people during an 8-week period in May and June. Early during an infection, victims experienced flu-like symptoms for several days, but their condition suddenly and rapidly deteriorated as their lungs filled with fluids; death usually occurred within hours of the onset of this crisis period. There was no cure, no successful medication or treatment, and the disease agent (virus, bacterium, or toxin) was completely unknown. For the first few weeks, the mortality rate was 70%. Researchers from many disciplines immediately focused on the outbreak, attempting to identify the agent and understand the causes and dynamics of the disease. Within weeks, scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified the agent as a previously unknown hantavirus (Bunyaviridae), subsequently named Sin Nombre virus, or SNV (Nichol et al. 1993). Because hantaviruses were known to be transmitted by rodents, investigators undertook an intensive small mammal field sampling campaign in the Four Corners region of New Mexico and Arizona. Shortly thereafter, CDC identified the viral reservoir host as a common and widely distributed rodent, the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus (figure 1; Childs et al. 1994). During the identification period, on the medical side, physicians and medical staff made rapid progress in developing treatment methods to stabilize and sustain patients through the crisis period, thereby substantially improving patient survivorship; nonetheless, the mortality rate fell only to about 40%, where it remains today. The emergence of this new disease prompted many questions about its history, causes, and dynamics. Was this a newly Terry L. Yates (e-mail: tyates@unm.edu) is a professor in the Departments of Biology and Pathology at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131. Cheryl A. Parmenter, Robert R. Parmenter, John R. Vande Castle, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, and Jonathan L. Dunnum are with the Department of Biology and the Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico. James N. Mills, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Stuart T. Nichol, and Joni C. Young are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333. Charles H. Calisher and Barry J. Beaty are with the Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Foothills Campus, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523. Kenneth D. Abbott is with the Department of Biology, Yavapai College, Prescott, AZ 86301. Michael L. Morrison is with the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721. Robert J. Baker is with the Department of Biology and The Museum, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409. Clarence J. Peters is with the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555. © 2002 American Institute of Biological Sciences. The Ecology and Evolutionary History of an Emergent Disease: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Stored-Product Insect Populations in Port Warehouses of the Gulf Coast

The seasonal occurrence and relative abundance of stored-product insects in port warehouses of the Gulf Coast were studied during 1969–70. A trapping method using large weigh boats filled with an insect-rearing medium was developed and used to sample insect populations resident in the warehouses. The insects most frequently trapped were, in order of decreasing abundance, Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Carpophilus pilosellus (Motschulsky), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Cadra cautella (Walker), and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). The peak abundance occurred in August and September, but some insects were present throughout the year. The most common sources of infestation were damaged or spilled commodities that remained in the warehouses for long periods. Four port facilities were sampled. Various insect-control procedures were used at 3 ports, but none were used at the fourth. Fewer insects were caught in warehouses where control programs were maintained, but commodities passing through these warehouses were not adequately protected from insect infestation.
P3-S2.05 Invasive obstetric procedures and cesarean sections in women with known herpes simplex virus (HSV) status during pregnancy

Background Breach of neonatal skin by obstetric procedures during delivery increases risk of neonatal herpes among infants of women with genital HSV infections. We hypothesised that knowledge of genital HSV infection by clinical history or antibody tests (GH/HSV-2) prior to delivery would result in reduced use of invasive obstetric procedures, and we explored whether use of invasive procedures in infected women on suppressive antiviral therapy was similar to use in women without infection. Methods We reviewed 750 consecutive deliveries at an academic medical center in 2006; routine prenatal testing included HSV-1 and HSV-2 serostatus. The primary outcome was a composite of invasive delivery procedures (fetal scalp electrodes, artificial rupture of membranes, intrauterine pressure catheter, vacuum extraction or forceps extraction) among women with vs without GH/HSV-2. Women with planned c-sections, multiple gestation pregnancy, or genital herpes lesions at term were excluded. Results 453 women, including 35 with a history of genital herpes (24 with HSV-2, 11 with HSV-1) and 59 with HSV-2 antibody but no history of genital herpes, were included in the analysis. Of the 94 women with GH/HSV-2, 56 (59.6%) received suppressive antiviral therapy. Among the 38 women with GH/HSV-2 not on suppressive therapy, 15 (39.5%) had an invasive obstetric procedure at delivery compared with 204 (57%) of 359 women without GH/HSV-2 (OR=0.50; 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.98). In contrast, no difference in unplanned c-sections was observed by GH/HSV-2 status (29% vs 28%). Among the 56 women with GH/HSV-2 treated with antiviral therapy, the risk of invasive procedures was similar to that of women without GH/HSV-2, 62.5% vs 57% (OR=1.27; 95% CI 0.71 to 2.26). Conclusion Women with known genital herpes or HSV-2 positivity are less likely to undergo invasive procedures that increase the risk of neonatal herpes. However, obstetricians do not appear to avoid these procedures in women who are on suppressive therapy. These data suggest physicians who know their patients9 HSV-2 status in pregnancy alter their behaviour to maintain the integrity of neonatal skin. Given the frequency of breakthrough HSV-2 shedding on suppressive antiviral therapy, and the occurrence of neonatal herpes in infants born to women on suppressive therapy, the high frequency of invasive procedure use among women on antiviral therapy is concerning.
Integrating Safety Into Academic Culture

Integrating safety with business operations is a problem which challenges all industries, and it can pose unique concerns in academia, as pointed out by a variety of recent reviews of academic safety. Academics must incorporate safety concepts into the engineering and science curricula without significantly adding to the students’ course loads, and they must attempt to make safety education a facilitator of teaching and research activities instead of, as is often perceived, an impediment. Several factors drive this effort in addition to the risk of injury or illness, including litigation, societal expectations for “safe products,” and potential for loss of research funding or tuition if safety is not included in the institution’s core values. This paper will explore challenges faced and initial successes achieved by one university in enhancing its safety culture and reducing overall risk.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
An inductive investigation of participants’ attachment to charity sports events: the case of team water charity

ABSTRACTResearch question: Charities have begun utilizing sport events as a vehicle for obtaining contributions toward a designated cause and to differentiate themselves in the charity market. Although scholarship has focused on how people attach to a charitable organization, there is a lack of research investigating religiously based international charities. Therefore, this paper examines the attachment of participants in a running event fundraiser for a North American based Christian water charity implementing clean water systems in the developing world.Research methods: Part of a larger ethnography, this study focuses upon semi-structured interviews conducted with charity fundraisers, race participants and charity organizers, before, during, and after the Miami Marathon. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded both individually and communally by the authors.Results and Findings: Three distinct themes emerged: (1) embodied philanthropy; (2) embodied internalization of the cause; and (3) r...
On the Image of Wilderness in Lu Fen’s Local Novels

Abstract:The image of Wilderness in Lu Fen's novels includes his complicated and heavy local love knot. From perspective of the Wilderness Image, the fictions express the dissmilation andstruggle in the countries of Median China. At the same time, the author's attention to the Wilderness Image shows his strong emotions of humanitarianism and democratism.
Mechanism of Pollution-Flashover in Power Transmission and Transformation Equipments Caused by Rainfall or Snowfall Type High Conductivity Rapid Contamination Accumulation and Its Prevention Measures

There are two basic and conventional contamination accumulation modes,one is the common slow contamination accumulation and the other is a sea fog type of rapid contamination accumulation with high conductivity that naturally takes place in coastal areas.Besides,in inland areas there is a kind of rapid contamination accumulation mode related to human activity that possesses high conductivity and is attended by the polluted rainfall or snowfall processes.In this paper the rapid contamination accumulation is researched systemically and it is pointed out that in the current pollution flashover standards and measures mainly based on the concept of slow contamination accumulation the hydrophobicity of external insulation products which are made of silicon rubber is emphasized,however,the effect of insulator shape,especially the effect of insulator shape in the prevention of pollution flashover caused by rapid contamination accumulation,is disregarded in a certain extent.Meanwhile,it is also pointed out that on the basis of the structure of existing post insulators for substation equipments,each of them consists of sheds with two different diameters as well as the sheds with larger diameter and those with smaller diameter are alternatively arranged,it will be an effective measure for the prevention of the pollution flashover caused by rapid contamination accumulation to further reasonably increase the diameter of the sheds with larger diameter;as a temporary and remedial product,the specification of auxiliary anti-pollution-flashover shed should be established to provide a means with extensive versatility to prevent pollution-flashover caused by rapid contamination accumulation and enhance the comprehensive anti-pollution-flashover ability of power equipments.
A cautionary note on the rank product statistic

The rank product method introduced by Breitling R et al. [2004, FEBS Letters 573, 83-92] has rapidly generated popularity in practical settings, in particular, detecting differential expression of genes in microarray experiments. The purpose of this note is to point out a particular property of the rank product method, namely, its differential sensitivity to over- and underexpression. It turns out that overexpression is less likely to be detected than underexpression with the rank product statistic. We have conducted both empirical and exact power studies that demonstrate this phenomenon, and summarize these findings in this note.
Abnormal Bone Acquisition With Early-Life HIV Infection: Role of Immune Activation and Senescent Osteogenic Precursors

Chronic immune activation associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may have negative consequences on bone acquisition in individuals infected with HIV early in life. Bone mineral density (BMD) and microarchitecture were characterized in 38 HIV-infected men on antiretroviral therapy (18 perinatally-infected, 20 adolescence-infected) and 20 uninfected men age 20 to 25 years by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT). Flow cytometry was utilized to measure CD4+/CD8+ activation (HLADR+CD38+) and senescence (CD28-CD57+) and to quantify circulating osteogenic precursor (COP) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using antibodies to RUNX2 and osteocalcin (OCN). Telomere lengths were measured in sorted COP cells using qPCR. DXA-derived areal BMD Z-scores and HRpQCT-derived volumetric BMD (vBMD) measures were lower in HIV-infected than uninfected men. Proportion of activated and senescent CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were higher in HIV-infected than uninfected men. The percentage of COP cells (mean ± SE) was lower in HIV-infected than uninfected (0.19% ± 0.02% versus 0.43% ± 0.06%; p < 0.0001) men, and also lower in perinatally-infected than adolescence-infected men (0.15% ± 0.02% versus 0.22% ± 0.03%; p < 0.04). A higher proportion of COP cells correlated with higher bone stiffness, a measure of bone strength, whereas a higher proportion of activated CD4+ T cells correlated with lower BMD and stiffness and lower proportion of COP cells. T cell activation with HIV-infection was associated with decreased numbers of osteogenic precursors as well as lower peak bone mass and bone strength. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Passive available bandwidth: applying self-induced congestion analysis of application-generated traffic

Monitoring end-to-end available bandwidth is critical in helping applications and users efficiently use network resources. Because the performance of distributed systems is intrinsically linked to the performance of the network, applications that have knowledge of the available bandwidth can adapt to changing network conditions and optimize their performance. A well-designed available bandwidth tool should be easily deployable and non-intrusive. While several tools have been created to actively measure the end-to-end available bandwidth of a network path, they require instrumentation at both ends of the path, and the traffic injected by these tools may affect the performance of other applications on the path. We propose a new passive monitoring system that accurately measures available bandwidth by applying self-induced congestion analysis to traces of application-generated traffic. The Watching Resources from the Edge of the Network (Wren) system transparently provides available bandwidth information to applications without having to modify the applications to make the measurements and with negligible impact on the performance of applications. Wren produces a series of real-time available bandwidth measurements that can be used by applications to adapt their runtime behavior to optimize performance or that can be sent to a central monitoring system for use by other or future applications. Most active bandwidth tools rely on adjustments to the sending rate of packets to infer the available bandwidth. The major obstacle with using passive kernel-level traces of TCP traffic is that we have no control over the traffic pattern. We demonstrate that there is enough natural variability in the sending rates of TCP traffic that techniques used by active tools can be applied to traces of application-generated traffic to yield accurate available bandwidth measurements. Wren uses kernel-level instrumentation to collect traces of application traffic and analyzes the traces in the user-level to achieve the necessary accuracy and avoid intrusiveness. We introduce new passive bandwidth algorithms based on the principles of the active tools to measure available bandwidth, investigate the effectiveness of these new algorithms, implement a real-time system capable of efficiently monitoring available bandwidth, and demonstrate that applications can use Wren measurements to adapt their runtime decisions.
Observation of Cyclotron Resonance in Magnesium

We have observed Azbel-Kaner cyclotron resonances at 24 Gcps and 2°K in a single crystal of magnesium† with a residualresistance ratio of 8500. The normal to the specimen surface was within 1° of [1010]. The resonant cavity and sample mounting technique were the same as those used for the study of cadmium.1
Divalent Metal 2,5‐Thiophenedicarboxylate Coordination Polymers with the Conformationally Flexible Bis(4‐pyridyl­formyl)homopiperazine Ligand

Divalent metal coordination polymers containing the rigid 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate (tdc) ligand and the conformationally flexible dipyridylamide ligand bis(4-pyridylformyl)homopiperazine (bpfh) show different layer topologies and chirality. As determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, {[Cd(tdc)(bpfh)(H2O)]·3H2O}n (1) shows a twofold parallel interpenetrated centrosymmetric (4,4) layered grid structure. {[Zn(tdc)(bpfh)]·H2O}n (2) exhibits a similar system of twofold interpenetrated (4,4) grid-like layers, but in contrast to 1, it crystallizes in an acentric space group. {[Ni2(tdc)2(bpfh)2(H2O)]·2H2O}n (3) possesses {Ni2(μ-H2O)(OCO)2} dimeric units connected into a doubled layer motif by the full span of the tdc and bpfh ligands. Weak antiferromagnetic coupling is observed within the dimeric units in 3 [g = 2.172(6) and J = –0.79(1) cm–1]. Compounds 1 and 2 undergo blue-violet fluorescence upon ultraviolet irradiation; the cadmium derivative 1 shows potential as a sensor for the solution-phase detection of nitrobenzene although coordination polymer exfoliation likely occurs. Thermal decomposition behavior of the three new phases is also discussed.
HIV-1 Tat Induces Unfolded Protein Response and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Astrocytes and Causes Neurotoxicity through Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) Activation and Aggregation.

Abstract HIV-1 Tat is a major culprit for HIV/neuroAIDS. One of the consistent hallmarks of HIV/neuroAIDS is reactive astrocytes or astrocytosis, characterized by increased cytoplasmic accumulation of the intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We have shown that that Tat induces GFAP expression in astrocytes and that GFAP activation is indispensible for astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not known. In this study, we showed that Tat expression or GFAP expression led to formation of GFAP aggregates and induction of unfold protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in astrocytes. In addition, we demonstrated that GFAP up-regulation and aggregation in astrocytes were necessary but also sufficient for UPR/ER stress induction in Tat-expressing astrocytes and for astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity. Importantly, we demonstrated that inhibition of Tat- or GFAP-induced UPR/ER stress by chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate significantly alleviated astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity in vitro and in the brain of Tat-expressing mice. Taken together, these results showed that HIV-1 Tat expression led to UPR/ER stress in astrocytes, which in turn contributed to astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity and raise the possibility of developing HIV/neuroAIDS therapeutics targeted at UPR/ER stress.
Human eosinophil toll-like receptor 7-induced nitric oxide is antiviral against parainfluenza

BACKGROUND: Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways often characterized by eosinophils and elevated exhaled nitric oxide. Respiratory viruses exacerbate asthma and are detected in airways by the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7). Airway eosinophilia reduces virus titers in mouse lungs suggesting eosinophils have antiviral effects. However, the mechanisms responsible for eosinophil antiviral activity remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether nitric oxide from human eosinophils inhibits parainfluenza virus 1 infection. METHODS: Human eosinophils isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers were inoculated with parainfluenza and evaluated for infectivity by hemadsorption assay. Nitric oxide was measured with the nitric oxide-detecting fluorophore CuFL using confocal microscopy. Some cultures were treated with interferon-gamma, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME), TLR7 agonist (R837) or with TLR7 antagonist (IRS661). TLR7 expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Eosinophils reduced parainfluenza virus titers. Eosinophils produced nitric oxide when exposed to virus and this was blocked by L-NAME. Furthermore, eosinophils9 antiviral effect was reduced when nitric oxide production was blocked. Similarly, eosinophils produced nitric oxide in response to the TLR7 agonist R837, and this effect was blocked by L-NAME and by TLR7 antagonist IRS661. Interferon-gamma upregulated TLR7 expression and potentiated TLR7-induced nitric oxide production in eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS: Eosinophils produce nitric oxide in response to parainfluenza virus and TLR7 agonist. Eosinophil-derived nitric oxide is antiviral against parainfluenza.
Capuchins ( Cebus apella ) fail to show an asymmetric dominance effect

The asymmetric dominance effect (ADE) occurs when the introduction of a partially dominated decoy option increases the choice share of its dominating alternative. The ADE is a violation of regularity and the constant-ratio rule, which are two derivations of the independence of irrelevant alternatives axiom, a core tenant of rational choice. The ADE is one of the most widely reported human choice phenomena, leading researchers to probe its origins by studying a variety of non-human species. We examined the ADE in brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella), a species that displays many other decision biases. In Experiment 1, we used a touchscreen method to elicit choice-based preferences for food rewards in asymmetrically dominated choice sets. In Experiments 2 and 3, we distinguished between different types of judgments and used a free selection task to elicit consumption-based preferences for juice rewards. However, we found no evidence for the ADE through violations of regularity or the constant-ratio rule, despite the similarity of our stimuli to other human and non-human experiments. While these results appear to conflict with existing literature on the ADE in non-human species, we point out methodological differences-notably, the distinction between value-based and perception-based stimuli-that have led to a collection of phenomena that are difficult to understand under a unitary theoretical framework. In particular, we highlight key differences between the human and non-human research and provide a series of steps that researchers could take to better understand the ADE.
Party Brands, Elections, and Presidential-Congressional Relations

Interactions between Congress and the president are often affected by strategies that members of Congress use to boost the favorability of their own party’s brand and tarnish the opposing party’s brand. The reason that members care about party reputations in addition to their own personal ones is because they recognize that the public’s images of the two parties can have important partisan effects in elections. This impacts members directly in their own races, and also indirectly by affecting the chances of their party controlling Congress and the White House. Understanding this dynamic helps explain key interbranch relations in Washington over the past four years pertaining to both domestic and foreign policy issues. It also helps explain the outcomes of the momentous 2014 congressional elections, in which Republicans gained control of the U.S. Senate, and the historic 2016 presidential election, in which Republicans recaptured the White House.
Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Iraqi Kurdistan: a challenge

Even though Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C), Khatana in Kurdish, was made illegal and banned by the local Kurdish government in 2011, the prevalence of the harmful practice in Iraqi Kurdi...
Robust Decentralized Excitation Control for Large Scale Power Systems

Abstract A robust decentralized excitation control of power system is proposed. Stability of the power system under the proposed control has been proved using the Lyapunov direct method, by which an exponentially stability is concluded by choosing the proper gains. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control to unknown system parameters and disturbances at arbitrary locations.
Securing network input via a trusted input proxy

The increasing popularity of online transactions involving sensitive personal data, such as bank account and social security numbers, has created a huge security problem for today's computer users. Malicious software (malware) that steals passwords and other critical user input has led to countless cases of identity theft and financial fraud. Client computers remain susceptible to key logging attacks due to inadequate defense against drive-by malware installation. Trusted browsing virtual machines attempt to mitigate this problem, but fail to protect against many runtime and Trojan horse malware attacks. One option for securely acquiring sensitive input is TPM-verified trusted execution. While this method promises to provide the best security, it has serious usability limitations and would require extensive modifications to both the client and the server. We propose a new approach for securing network input that relies on a Trusted Input Proxy (TIP). The TIP runs as a module in a virtual machine architecture that proxies secure network connections. When a user wishes to enter sensitive data, he or she presses an escape sequence that triggers the TIP to display a secure input dialog. The TIP will automatically generate a placeholder value based on the input using regular expression approximation (e.g. 123-45-6789 for a SSN). It will then send key presses for the placeholder to the application. Finally, the TIP will substitute actual data for placeholders as it relays network messages to the server. Although the Trusted Input Proxy approach relies on a slightly larger trusted code base, it requires no modifications to the server, very few to the client, and is far more usable than TPM-verified execution. In this paper, we present the initial design of a Trusted Input Proxy and compare its merits and shortcomings to those of other approaches.
Cultural insights from pattern symmetries

The authors have published texts and studies documenting the procedure for and application of the use of plane pattern symmetries to classify cultural patterns. This chapter contrasts the difference in cultural insights gained between pattern studies that simply describe patterns by motif type and shape and those that describe the way motifs are repeated by plane pattern symmetries. Culturally produced patterns can be described in many ways, each useful for different purposes. We describe how early pattern studies aimed at designers of textiles and wallpapers created classificatory groupings that were descriptively idiosyncratic, grouping patterns by motif similarities that are arranged by very different symmetries. We then cite several recent studies that illustrate how a symmetry rather than a motif similarity grouping reveals new insights from continuities, changes and preferential symmetry use that can enhance our understanding and interpretation of the material.
Development and Validation of the Nursing Home Minimum Data Set 3.0 Mortality Risk Score (MRS3).

Background To develop a score to predict mortality using the Minimum Data Set 3.0 (MDS 3.0) that can be readily calculated from items collected during nursing home (NH) residents' admission assessments. Participants We developed a training cohort of Medicare beneficiaries newly admitted to United States NHs during 2012 (N = 1,426,815) and a testing cohort from 2013 (N = 1,160,964). Methods Data came from the MDS 3.0 assessments linked to the Medicare Beneficiary Summary File. Using the training dataset, we developed a composite MDS 3.0 Mortality Risk Score (MRS3) consisting of 17 clinical items and patients' age groups based on their relation to 30-day mortality. We assessed the calibration and discrimination of the MRS3 in predicting 30- and 60-day mortality and compared its performance to the Charlson Comorbidity Index and the clinician's assessment of 6-month prognosis measured at admission. Results The 30- and 60-day mortality rates for the testing population were 2.8% and 5.6%, respectively. Results from logistic regression models suggest that the MRS3 performed well in predicting death within 30 and 60 days (C-Statistics of 0.744 [95% confidence limit (CL) = 0.741, 0.747] and 0.709 [95% CL = 0.706, 0.711], respectively). The MRS3 was a superior predictor of mortality compared to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (C-statistics of 0.611 [95% CL = 0.607, 0.615] and 0.608 [95% CL = 0.605, 0.610]) and the clinicians' assessments of patients' 6-month prognoses (C-statistics of 0.543 [95% CL = 0.542, 0.545] and 0.528 [95% CL = 0.527, 0.529]). Conclusions The MRS3 is a good predictor of mortality and can be useful in guiding decision-making, informing plans of care, and adjusting for patients' risk of mortality.
Implementation of a psychodermatology clinic at a major health system in Detroit

Abstract The association between psychiatric and dermatologic disorders has been well characterized in the present literature with estimates of up to 40% of dermatology patients having concomitant psychiatric problems that are often related to their skin condition. Here, we present our experience regarding the implementation of a psychodermatology clinic in Detroit, Michigan. The most commonly referred conditions were delusions of parasitosis, neurotic excoriations, and isotretinoin initiation for patients with a history of psychiatric conditions. Seventy-three percent of referred patients were female. By creating a monthly clinic for patients who are diagnosed with skin conditions and associated psychiatric disorders or psychological symptoms, we are able to meet the needs of these patients with a synergistic relationship between health care providers.
Functional Abnormalities of the Autonomic Nervous System in Uremic and Dialysis Patients

Abnormalities in the function of the autonomic nervous system are encountered in patients with uremia.1–8 These are listed in Table I.
Influence of Buserelin on Testicular Tissue After Long-Term Treatment for Precocious Puberty and Prostatic Cancer

GnRH analogs have been successfully used in the treatment of precocious puberty and prostatic carcinoma and may have potential as male contraceptive drugs. Following high doses, desensitization of the pituitary results, and testosterone levels drop to the levels found in castrated males. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of long-term, high dose, GnRH analog (buserelin) upon the human testis.
Review and Case Studies of Midthigh Femoral Central Venous Catheter Placement

Abstract Background: Bedside vascular access options have been limited to the short peripheral intravenous, midline catheter, peripherally inserted central catheter, and central venous catheter (CV...
Making Home through Cord-cutting: The Case of Korean Transient Migrants’ Postcable Culture in the United States:

With the rapid development of new media technology, many people are “cutting the cords” and viewing television through Internet-based video services via streaming or downloading. This study aims to...
Super photo-base initiated organic-inorganic hybrid coatings by plural-cure mechanisms

Abstract Free-radical polymerization forms the core chemistry of a majority of commercial UV-curable coating system today. Rapid curing at ambient temperature using stable, single component coating systems form the key value proposition that such coating systems offer. However, owing to their limitations such as oxygen inhibition, volume shrinkage, toxicity profiles of reactive diluents (RD), and the limited chemistry available, efforts are being made to counter these challenges by innovating and exploring new systems that have the potential to replace the existing chemistries. Anionic polymerization is one such promising area that has the potential to introduce a wide variety of chemistries in the field of UV-curable coatings. A significant stride in this field has been the innovation of photo-labile bases in the UV industry and the diverse chemistries that these bases have brought to fore. The primary focus of the present study is use of a super photo-base generator (PBG) in catalyzing concomitant but independent reactions to develop organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) coating networks by leveraging plural-cure chemistry. The super PBG has been used to initiate both Michael-addition (MA) reaction and sol-gel reaction concurrently, upon exposure to the UV source. Coatings have been formulated using uniquely designed acrylate functional oligomers (MA-acceptor), acetoacetate functional reactive diluents (MA-donors) and organo-silanes (sol-gel precursors), besides super PBG. The study highlights many technical and environmental benefits of these OIH coatings with potential for applications in advanced coatings and additive manufacturing.
Multiple human adipocyte subtypes and mechanisms of their development

SUMMARY Human adipose tissue depots perform numerous diverse physiological functions, and are differentially linked to metabolic disease risk, yet only two major human adipocyte subtypes have been described, white and “brown/brite/beige.” The diversity and lineages of adipocyte classes have been studied in mice using genetic methods that cannot be applied in humans. Here we circumvent this problem by studying the fate of single mesenchymal progenitor cells obtained from human adipose tissue. We report that a minimum of four human adipocyte subtypes can be distinguished by transcriptomic analysis, specialized for functionally distinct processes such as adipokine secretion and thermogenesis. Evidence for the presence of these adipocytes subtypes in adult humans is evidenced by differential expression of key adipokines leptin and adiponectin in isolated mature adipocytes. The human adipocytes most similar to the mouse “brite/beige” adipocytes are enriched in mechanisms that promote iron accumulation and protect from oxidative stress, and are derived from progenitors that express high levels of cytokines such as IL1B, IL8, IL11 and the IL6 family cytokine LIF, and low levels of the transcriptional repressors ID1 and ID3. Our finding of this adipocyte repertoire and its developmental mechanisms provides a high-resolution framework to analyze human adipose tissue architecture and its role in systemic metabolism and metabolic disease.
A Theory of Conventional Channel with Kickbacks

Retailers often employ professionals known as retail buyers to help assess demand and determine the right quantities of products to order to meet uncertain demand in their stores. However, in many economies and industries, a manufacturer may seek to influence a (retail) buyer for its own advantage, by offering the buyer a kickback in return for a large order. As a result, the retailer and the manufacturer engage in a tug-of-war for influence over the buyer. In this paper, we introduce the role of the buyer as a distinct player into the workhorse dyadic model of a retail channel, and investigate the impact of kickback on channel efficiency as well as identify the winners and losers due to kickback. We find that the manufacturer need not always benefit from the kickback despite being the one offering it. Furthermore, the retailer may not always be the victim of the kickback. Indeed, the retailer may strategically trigger the kickback as a means to shift some of its buyer compensation cost to the manufacturer. Nevertheless, the buyer need not always be swayed by the kickback to distort the order quantity. Moreover, channel efficiency does not always suffer and may even improve because of kickback. Our analysis thus provides a more nuanced picture of kickback in a retail channel, and sheds some light on why manufacturer kickback is fairly prevalent in retail channels and can be difficult to eliminate.
Correction to: Shock Response of Polymethylmethacrylate

Table 1 had incorrect densities for the RH and Poly samples. The correct density for RH samples is 1.1892 ± 0.0003 g/cm3. The correct density for Poly samples is 1.1842 ± 0.0004 g/cm3. The authors thank Christopher Neel from the Air Force Research Laboratory for bringing this error to our attention.
PTSD Symptoms, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicide Risk in University Students: The Role of Distress Tolerance

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Distress tolerance, or the perceived capacity to tolerate negative emotional states, is a cognitive-a...
Use of Ecological Momentary Assessment to Measure Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Adherence in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE Daily self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is essential for type 1 diabetes management yet is challenging during adolescence. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is the repeated sampling of behaviors and experiences in real time in the natural environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 1) the validity of self-reported SMBG values via text message–delivered EMA surveys compared with objective SMBG values via glucose meters, and 2) in-the-moment motivators and barriers to performing SMBG in a pediatric type 1 diabetes population. Methods Youth (n = 62, aged 11–21 years) with type 1 diabetes received three text messages daily for 10 days containing surveys inquiring about SMBG engagement. Objective SMBG values were downloaded from glucose meters. Results On average, participants reported performing SMBG 4 times/day. Of the self-reported SMBG values, 39.6% were accurate. Inaccurate values included additions (i.e., self-reported value with no objective value), omissions (i.e., objective value with no self-reported value), and alterations (difference between self-report and objective SMBG values ≥10 mg/dL). Of the matched pairs of self-reported and objective SMBG values, 41.3% were altered. Bland–Altman plots determined that the mean difference between self-reported and objective glucose data were −5.43 mg/dL. Participants reported being motivated to check their blood glucose because it was important for their health, and reported barriers included wanting to ignore the task, forgetting, and not having devices. Conclusion Youth’s self-reported SMBG values may not align with objective readings. The results of this study can facilitate future research to determine individual factors related to SMBG monitoring and accuracy of self-reporting.
Phonon-Driven Energy Relaxation in PbS/CdS and PbSe/CdSe Core/Shell Quantum Dots

We study the impact of the chemical composition on phonon-mediated exciton relaxation in the core/shell quantum dots (QDs), with 1 nm core made of PbX and the monolayer shell made of CdX, where X = S and Se. For this, time-domain nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) based on density functional theory (DFT) and surface hopping techniques are applied. Simulations reveal twice faster energy relaxation in PbS/CdS than PbSe/CdSe because of dominant couplings to higher-energy optical phonons in structures with sulfur anions. For both QDs, the long-living intermediate states associated with the core-shell interface govern the dynamics. Therefore, a simple exponential model is not appropriate, and the four-state irreversible kinetic model is suggested instead, predicting 0.9 and 0.5 ps relaxation rates in PbSe/CdSe and PbS/CdS QDs, respectively. Thus, 2 nm PdSe/CdSe QDs with a single monolayer shell exhibit the phonon-mediated relaxation time sufficient for carrier multiplications to outpace energy dissipation and benefit the solar conversion efficiency.
Clinical Service Line Strategies in Lifestyle Medicine

The challenges of delivering high-quality health care at affordable total costs in the USA are increasing at an accelerating rate. Attempts to efficiently apply traditional models of care delivery are becoming overwhelmed by growing “macro” demands for superior value performance. At the same time, patients’ demands for a better experience will require a more robust and holistic model of care (i.e., one that addresses the entirety of and interconnections among organic and functional components of the human body). This specifically relates to the use of lifestyle medicine as part of effective management of chronic diseases, which now consumes the greater proportion of annual US health dollars spent. In response to these challenges, a growing number of forward-thinking, integrated health systems are reconstructing their care delivery philosophies, missions, strategies, and management models to conform to an evolving construct of clinical service line programming. Innovative clinical service line models of care delivery effectively aggregate, integrate, and balance a comprehensive portfolio of conventional services and programming. Consequently, this emerging paradigm can effectively manage chronic disease from a vantage point anchored by a multidimensional and holistic vision for superior value.
Modulation of phagosome biogenesis by Legionella pneumophila creates an organelle permissive for intracellular growth.

Modulation of phagosome biogenesis by Legionella pneumophila creates an organelle permissive for intracellular growth
Configuring surgical instrument trays to reduce costs

Most hospitals in the United States provide and manage significant inventories of durable surgical instruments used in operating rooms. The sheer volume and variety of instruments introduces considerable complexity in ensuring that the right instruments are available at the right time. Surgical instruments are usually stored and delivered to an operating room (OR) as procedure-specific sets of trays with multiple instruments included in a single tray. Because procedure trays are used by multiple surgeons trained at different institutions, procedure trays often include surgeon-specific instruments. Hospital materials managers and surgeons appear to weigh differently the various attributes of different tray configurations. Materials managers want to limit the cost of inventory and the variety of trays. Surgeons, on the other hand, prefer trays with the minimum number of unneeded instruments. Clearly, the kitting of surgical instruments into trays has many benefits, yet the actual tray design is a complex co...
Cancer incidence and survival trends among infants in the United States from 1975 to 2014

BACKGROUND Cancer among infants (<1 year old) has unique epidemiologic, clinical, and genetic characteristics compared with cancer in older children. Nonetheless, data on secular trends in infant cancer incidence and survival in the United States is sparse. METHODS Population-based data from nine areas of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) were used to estimate the incidence, average annual percentage change (APC) for trends, and survival of malignant neoplasm among infants from 1975 to 2014. Data were stratified by gender, race, registry, and cancer type. RESULTS There were 3437 new infant cancer cases with an overall incidence of 23.6/100 000. Neuroblastoma was the most common infant malignancy (6.5/100 000), followed by leukemia (3.8/100 000), and brain and central nervous system tumors (3.3/100 000). The incidence rate increased significantly from 1975 to 2014 (APC 0.68; 95% CI 0.30-1.06; P < .05). Variations in overall incidence rates were uneven across SEER registry geographic areas, with the lowest rates among both males and females in New Mexico. Relative to other racial distribution, infant cancer rates were highest among Whites. The relative survival rates improved over time for all tumors except for renal, sarcomas, and germ cells and were not significantly different by gender or race. CONCLUSIONS Cancer incidence among infants increased over time largely driven by leukemia, germ cell, and sarcoma mainly among male infants. The overall survival for infant cancer has improved over the past 40 years, especially since 1990 for hepatic tumors, lymphoma, and leukemia. Further research is needed to explore the potential impacts of genetic, environmental, and perinatal factors for possible explanations for these increased cancer incidence trends.
Precision ethylene-styrene copolymers through the ring opening metathesis polymerization of 3-phenyl cyclododecenes

Synthesis of sequence-controlled poly(ethylene-co-styrene) copolymers is challenging due to the limitations associated with inherent reactivity ratios for ethylene and styrene in catalytic olefin polymerizations. An alternative method to generate ethylene copolymers is ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclic olefins followed by hydrogenation, in which a substituted cycloalkene yields polymers analogous to those from copolymerizations of two distinct monomers after post-polymerization hydrogenation. In certain cases, regioregularity (and thus sequence specificity) of these “copolymers” can be realized if the approach of the metathesis catalyst to the monomer occurs regioselectively. In this work, precision polyolefin copolymers were synthesized by ROMP of phenyl-substituted cyclododecenes and subsequent hydrogenation. The effects of the chain transfer agent, monomer structure, target molar mass and reaction conditions on regioselectivity were investigated using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. These investigations of the ROMP of low-strain cyclododecenes provided useful information for the fundamental understanding of mechanistic aspects of the polymerization. Hydrogenation of the polydodecenamers afforded linear low density polyethylenes with a phenyl side chain every twelve backbone carbons.
On matrix Cauchy biorthogonal polynomials

In this paper, we study the sequences of matrix Cauchy biorthogonal polynomials. We will focus on the algebraic aspects of the problem, finding a connection with a kind of matrix mixed-type Hermite...
Assisted Living Administrators' Approaches to Advance Care Planning.

Objectives:This project examined administrator processes, barriers, and facilitators for conducting advance care planning in assisted living.Method:Data from qualitative interviews with 27 administ...
Cyberbullying Among Tweens in the United States: Prevalence, Impact, and Helping Behaviors:

The goal of this study was to provide key prevalence rates for experiences with cyberbullying among tweens (children between the ages of 9 and 12 years old). We were also interested in the extent t...
Pneumatosis intestinalis in children beyond the neonatal period: is it always benign?

The significance and management of pediatric pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) remains poorly defined. We sought to add clarity in children beyond the neonatal period. Pediatric patients 3 months–18 years admitted to a quaternary children’s hospital with a diagnosis of PI were included in this retrospective study. Pathologic PI was defined as irreversible, transmural intestinal ischemia. 167 children were identified with PI. Of these children, 155 (92.8%) had benign PI and 12 (7.2%) developed pathologic PI. The most common underlying diagnosis for pathologic PI was global developmental delay (75%), although we identified a spectrum of underlying diagnoses at risk for PI. Physical exam notable for abdominal distension (p = 0.023) or guarding (p = 0.028), and imaging with portal venous gas (p < 0.001) or bowel distension (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with pathologic PI. Only 6.6% of all children underwent an operation. For those undergoing non-surgical management of benign PI, 75% of children received antibiotics and average duration of bowel rest was 6.8 days. PI in children is primarily a benign phenomenon and often does not warrant surgical intervention. Bowel rest and antibiotics are therapeutic strategies frequently used in the treatment of this finding.