cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental correlation of nitroxide recollision spin exchange with free volume and compressibility in alkane and aromatic compounds.

Diffusion of perdeuterated tempone (PDT) in various nonpolar hydrocarbon solvents on both the large and microscopic scales is examined through electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Spectral line broadening and hyperfine spacing are measured in order to extract both the Heisenberg spin-exchange rate as well as the average recollision times between spin-probe pairs. Probe recollision is responsible for a linear component to the dependence of the line shift on spectral broadening which has been identified in recent years. The present study extends the work of a previous paper by Kurban et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 129, 064501 (2008)], in which it was reported that recollision rates for PDT formed a common curve across n-alkanes when plotted with respect to free volume and to isothermal compressibility. It is now found that such common curves occur within distinct chemical families, in particular, the alkane and aromatic groups. Within each chemical family, the spin probe recollision rate correlates with fr...
Role of hypoxemia in sleep apnea-induced sympathoexcitation

The importance of hypoxemia in determining sympathoexcitation during obstructive sleep apnea was examined by comparing changes in efferent sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) during spontaneous obstructive apneas with hypoxemia alone of similar magnitude and duration induced by 1-4 breaths of 100% nitrogen in six patients with obstructive sleep apnea and with spontaneous apneas while breathing 100% oxygen (apnea without hypoxemia) in three patients. In addition, eight control subjects were studied during induced hypoxemia. The magnitude of sympathoexcitation during spontaneous apneas (103 +/- 15%) was more than twice that observed during induced hypoxemia (47 +/- 14%) during episodes in which the nadir of oxygen desaturation (78 +/- 2 and 75 +/- 2%, respectively) and duration of hypoxemia (27 +/- 3 and 33 +/- 3 s, respectively) were the same (P > 0.20). Similarly, in three patients SNA increased 115% during normoxic spontaneous obstructive apneas, but increased only 43% during hyperoxic spontaneous obstructive apneas in which oxygen saturation did not decrease significantly. Sympathetic neural responses to induced hypoxemia in control subjects (17 +/- 7%) were significantly less than that of the sleep apnea patients. We conclude that hypoxemia contributes importantly, but is not the sole determinant of the sympathoexcitation provoked during episodes of obstructive sleep apnea.
Extraskeletal chondroblastoma. A report of the first recorded case.

The first reported case of an extraskeletal chondroblastoma is presented. It arose in the noncartilagenous portion of the external ear of a 73-year-old woman. Although the cytologic features seemed indicative of malignancy, no recurrences or metastases developed in the 7-year period of follow-up.
Robust Noninteracting Controller Design

The design of a linear state feedback noninteracting (decoupling) controller for a given system is considered. An attempt is made to use the available design freedom to reduce the magnitude of loop interactions. When the number of inputs equals the number of outputs, the only available design freedom is in selecting some of the closed-loop poles. When there are more inputs than outputs, it was shown that there is a limited freedom in selecting the closed-loop eigenstructure, i.e. both closed-loop poles and their eigenvectors, of the decoupled system.
The unified dyskinesia rating scale: Presentation and clinimetric profile

We developed and tested a rating scale aimed to capture the essential features of dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although several scales assess selected attributes of PD-dyskinesias, no comprehensive rating tool exists. Available rating scales were evaluated by the investigators and patient focus groups. Modifications were finalized into the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS). The UDysRS has four parts: I: Historical Disability (patient perceptions) of On-Dyskinesia impact (maximum 44 points); II: Historical Disability (patient perceptions) of Off-Dystonia impact (maximum 16 points); III: Objective Impairment (dyskinesia severity, anatomical distribution over seven body regions, and type (choreic or dystonic) based on four activities observed or video-recorded (28 points); IV: Objective Disability based on Part III activities (maximum 16 points). For clinimetric testing, 70 PD patients with all severities of dyskinesia were interviewed and videotaped. Twenty movement disorder experts rated the videotapes with the UDysRS. Internal consistency was examined with Cronbach's alpha. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was evaluated with generalized weighted and nonweighted Kappa coefficients, and intraclass correlation coefficients. Both subjective (Sections I and II) and objective (Sections III and IV) demonstrated high internal consistency (alpha: 0.915, 0.971). Interrater reliability for the objective sections was acceptable for all items and likewise for intrarater reliability except for right leg. Reliable factor structures were found for both subjective (six factors) and objective sections (five factors). The UDysRS is a clinimetrically sound rating scale for dyskinesia in PD, demonstrating acceptable levels of internal consistency and inter- and intra-rater reliability. Testing scale responsivity to treatment interventions is planned.
Urticaria and urticarial vasculitis

Urticaria and urticarial vasculitis may be triggered by allergens, infection, autoimmunity and other immunological conditions. Careful evaluation, skin biopsy and specific laboratory tests can assist in diagnosis. The appropriate use of antihistamines, glucocorticoids, and other immunomodulators are discussed.
Uptake of BRCA1 rearrangement panel testing: in individuals previously tested for BRCA1/2 mutations.

Purpose: Individuals undergoing genetic testing for BRCA1/2 mutations are routinely counseled about the sensitivity and specificity of testing. In August 2002, testing for 5 large genomic rearrangements in the BRCA1 gene that would not have been detected with full gene sequence analysis became commercially available. We present our data on uptake of the BRCA1 rearrangement panel testing in our clinical cancer genetics program. Methods: Women who participated in our clinical genetic testing program and had previously received an uninformative negative or variant of uncertain significance result from BRCA1/2 full gene sequencing were invited to consider BRCA1 rearrangement panel testing. Results: Overall, 18/72 individuals underwent BRCA1 rearrangement panel testing. No significant differences were found in the levels of BRCAPRO scores (P = 0.406), age at testing (P = 0.986), number of children (P = 0.35) or number of siblings (P = 0.4) between individuals who chose to pursue additional testing with the rearrangement panel and those who declined. Fisher's Exact Test analysis showed that there is a negative association between having breast or ovarian cancer and being inclined to undergo rearrangement panel testing (P = 0.013). Conclusion: Individuals who undergo genetic testing will not consistently pursue additional or enhanced genetic testing. Future research is needed to clearly elucidate the factors associated with uptake of additional genetic testing.
Immune reactivity of lymph nodes regional to prostatic cancer

Abstract Regional pelvic lymph node lymphocytes from 23 patients with prostatic carcinoma were tested in vitro for their ability to proliferate in response to T- and B-cell mitogens. Regional lymph node lymphocytes were significantly more reactive when obtained from nodes morphologically displaying either a normal histologic pattern or T and B lymphocyte hyperplasia than from those that histologically appeared lymphocyte depleted. In vitro lymphocyte responses from normal appearing nodes in the cancer patients were similar to those observed by lymph node lymphocytes obtained from pelvic lymph nodes in patients with nonmalignant diseases. The data suggest that regional lymph node lymphocytes in prostatic cancer patients are functionally capable of participating in an active anti-tumor immune response. Furthermore, lymphocyte, depletion appeared to have a negative prognostic impact independent of stage and grade of disease. Morphology of regional lymph nodes in prostatic cancer may reflect immunologic defense mechanisms in host and therefore be of individual prognostic significance.
Chronometric analysis of mammography expertise

This paper studies the effects of training and experience on decision time and performance in mammography. We compared the performance of three groups of observers representing different levels of expertise: dedicated breast imagers (mammographers), radiology residents undergoing a mammography rotation, and mammography technologists, when reading a test set that contains benign and malignant lesions, as well as lesion free images. We show that the number of cases read significantly impacts performance, as measured by the area under the AFROC curve. We also show that different levels of expertise have different decision structures during the time course of image viewing. In fact we show that the mammographers should stop reading an image after 60 - 80 seconds, because at this point they have found all of the true targets present, and they are much more likely to make a mistake. On the other hand residents and technologists mistakes plague their performance throughout the time course of image viewing.
Permeability for flow of liquid through equiaxial mushy zones

Abstract An experimental method for measuring the permeability for flow through equiaxial mushy zones of PbSn alloys was devised. With PbSn alloys, dendritic structures could be maintained during the permeability tests. The volume fraction of liquid was varied from 0.31 to as high as 0.49. With the results presented as dimensionless permeabilities, reasonably good agreement among globular, dendritic-globular, and dendritic microstructures was obtained for previous data on borneol-paraffin and Al-15.6wt.%Cu alloys, and the PbSn alloys studied herein. The empirical data agree approximately with the analytical results for flow through regular arrays of spheres, which suggests that the analytical results can be used for extrapolations of permeability when g L > 0.49.
realism and european political integration: the lessons of the united states

The paper examines the claim that Europe is committed to a Kantian liberal model of international order, while the United States is committed to a Hobbesian realist model of international order. The paper argues that the realist approach to international order is more plausible than the liberal approach. Furthermore, the realist approach to international order remains fully consistent with the project of European political integration.
A New Horizon of DNP technology: Application to In-vivo 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging.

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is an emerging technique for increasing the sensitivity (>10,000-fold) of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging (MRSI), in particularly for low-γ nuclei. DNP methodology is based on polarizing nuclear spins in an amorphous solid state at low temperature (ca. 1 K) through coupling of the nuclear spins with unpaired electron spins that are added to the sample via an organic free radical. In an amorphous solid state, the high electron spin polarization can be transferred to the nuclear spins by microwave irradiation. While this technique has been utilized in solid-state research for many years, it is only recently that dissolution methods and the required hardware have been developed to produce the high nuclear polarization provided by DNP to produce injectable hyperpolarized solutions suitable for in vivo studies. It has been applied to a number of 13C-labeled cell metabolites in biological systems and their real-time metabolic conversion has been imaged. This review focuses briefly on the DNP methodology and the significant molecules investigated to date in preclinical cancer models, in terms of their downstream metabolism in vivo or the biological processes that they can probe. In particular, conversion between hyperpolarized 13C-labeled pyruvate and lactate, catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, has been shown to have a number of potential applications such as diagnosis, staging tumor grade, and monitoring therapy response. Strategies for making this technique more viable to use in clinical settings have been discussed.
The Connectivity Map: a new tool for biomedical research

The ultimate objective of biomedical research is to connect human diseases with the genes that underlie them and drugs that treat them. But this remains a daunting task, and even the most inspired researchers still have to resort to laborious screens of genetic or chemical libraries. What if at least some parts of this screening process could be systematized and centralized? And hits found and hypotheses generated with something resembling an internet search engine? These are the questions the Connectivity Map project set out to answer.
Experimental investigation of thermal transport from a heated moving plate

Abstract An experimental investigation is carried out to study the thermal transport from a heated aluminum plate being cooled due to its own movement at uniform velocity in a stationary extensive fluid. Time-dependent temperature measurements are carried out for the plate moving vertically downward in water and moving vertically upward or downward in air. The local and average heat transfer rates from the plate are determined. The temperature distribution, within the moving plate and in the induced flow is measured. The thermal field associated with the flow is visualized by means of a shadowgraph. Interesting flow structures, due to separation, are observed when the flow induced by the plate motion and the buoyancy force oppose each other. The experimental results are in fair agreement with the numerical results obtained earlier.
Sex differences in the fingers of 3 to 5 month old infants do not predict concurrent salivary testosterone levels

Testosterone was assayed in the saliva of 32 female and 42 male 3-5 month old infants, and the lengths of their finger segments between flexion creases were measured. While expected sex differences were identified in the finger measures, these sex differences were not correlated with salivary testosterone in either sex.
Experiences and observations on teaching computer programming and simulation concepts to high school students

This paper outlines the experience of the author in teaching computer programming and simulation concepts to thirty high school students as part of a National Science Foundation Summer Institute in probability and computing.2 It is hoped that the experience and observations reported in this paper might help others who might become involved in a similar course. There is certainly no doubt that students at this age level are capable of doing sophisticated work in computing. This program consisted only of high ability students; however, the author's experience with this program and another high school program with students with less ability indicates that students do not have to be of high ability in order to be attracted to and do well in computing. As is true of almost any area of study, what is particularly needed for success is motivation. Students with average or above average ability can do quite well in computing if they are motivated to do so.
A note on Aitken's δ2 technique

This note provides a simple solution to a problem posed by Wilkinson [1] and Ralston [2]. Aitken's δ2 technique is widely employed in numerical analysis to obtain the limit point of a sequence. However, a problem with the technique has been the determination of when to start employing the technique in a sequence. If an application is very simple, say finding the zero of a univariate function, the technique can be employed on the sequence and validated by a simple improvement check. In more complex applications, it has been much more complicated or impossible to validate the employment of the technique.
Early detection of regional cerebral ischemia in cats: comparison of diffusion- and T2-weighted MRI and spectroscopy.

Diffusion-weighted MR images were compared with T2-weighted MR images and correlated with 1H spin-echo and 31P MR Spectroscopy for 6-8 h following a unilateral middle cerebral and bilateral carotid artery occlusion in eight cats. Diffusion-weighted images using strong gradient strengths (b values of 1413 s/mm2) displayed a significant relative hyperintensity in ischemic regions as early as 45 min after onset of ischemia whereas T2-weighted spin-echo images failed to clearly demonstrate brain injury up to 2-3 h postocclusion. Signal intensity ratios (SIR) of ischemic to normal tissues were greater in the diffusion-weighted images at all times than in either TE 80 or TE 160 ms T2-weighted MR images. Diffusion- and T2-weighted SIR did not correlate for the first 1-2 h postocclusion. Good correlation was found between diffusion-weighted SIR and ischemic disturbances of energy metabolism as detected by 31P and 1H MR Spectroscopy. Diffusion-weighted hyperintensity in ischemic tissues may be temperature-related, due to rapid accumulation of diffusion-restricted water in the intracellular space (cytotoxic edema) resulting from the breakdown of the transmembrane pump and/or to microscopic brain pulsations. © 1990 Academic Press, Inc.
Eben J.-Not Elias J.-Loomis in Whitman's Correspondence and Notebooks

Clarifies the misidentification of Eben J. Loomis as Elias J. Loomis in a Whitman letter to William D. O'Conner dated June 25, 1982.
Creating a virtual learning community.

Global learning is critical to world-class hospitality and tourism programs. However, involvement in truly global learning communities has not until recently been available to most learners. The Internet has been the vehicle that has supported the creation of global learning communities. UW-Stout has maximized distance technologies to create learning opportunities for students around the world. This article summarizes the evolution of the Master's program, presents key aspects of the curriculum development, discusses technologies utilized to support the learning environment, and shares evaluation information. Lessons learned will also be shared to assist those beginning their journey into on-line learning in a global environment.
Monte Carlo study of a triangular Ising lattice-gas model with two-body and three-body interactions

The behavior of a triangular Ising lattice-gas model with both two- and three-body coupling between nearest neighbors is studied using Monte Carlo methods. The phase diagrams in both field-temperature space and coverage-temperature space are determined for a wide range of interactions and are compared with the predictions obtained using various theoretical approaches.
Flooring materials – life‐cycle costing for educational facilities

The tight schedule of developing, designing, and managing educational facilities limits the time and resources needed to correctly assess the full cost of building materials. As a result, the selection of interior finishing materials is commonly driven solely by initial cost. This study evaluates interior floor materials currently available for use in K‐12 educational facilities in the State of Florida. The range of materials chosen for the comparison encompasses common flooring materials installed over appropriate sub‐floor materials. The flooring alternatives are evaluated using a service life‐cycle cost (LCC) analysis based on the 50‐year service life specified by the Florida Department of Education. A net present worth (NPW) analysis that includes initial costs, operation and maintenance costs, and replacement costs of each selection is used to evaluate the materials. Interior floorings initial cost, replacement cost, service life, and operations and maintenance costs are compared to the materials resulting LCC.
High Speed Imaging in Reactive Flows Using Hyperspectral Tomography and Photodissociation Spectroscopy

Two techniques are discussed for high speed imaging in reactive flows: a hyperspectral tomography sensor for measuring distributions of temperature and chemical species, and a photodissociation-based diagnostic for imaging two-dimensional mixture fraction.
Revisiting Downs' Issue-Attention Cycle: International Terrorism and U.S. Public Opinion

Lamenting the lack of public awareness of international events and U.S. foreign policy is not a particularly novel exercise; yet, explaining the process by which issues enter and exit the public realm remains a challenging endeavor. Despite contributions from researchers working in international relations and mass communication, explaining public inattentiveness continues to vex scholars. However, in his article, "Up and Down with Ecology: The 'Issue-Attention Cycle,'" Anthony Downs provides a parsimonious and tractable model of public opinion that can be applied to foreign policy issues.1 While Downs concerns himself exclusively with domestic issues, particularly environmental issues, his model has thepotential to contribute to our understanding of the relationship between the public and policymakers over critical issues such as international terrorism. With minor modifications, the model has the potential to explain public support for failed foreign policies as well. Downs' model, when applied to international terrorism, explains why policymakers seek simple solutions, why the public supports such solutions, and why the media fail to provide meaningful coverage of intractable issues such as international terrorism. Before discussing Downs' model, the basic tenets and shortcomings of some of the more prevalent theories of the relationship between public opinion and foreign policy are discussed below. This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol2/iss4/1 1 Revisiting Downs' Issue-Attention Cycle: International Terrorism and U.S. Public Opinion By Karen K. Petersen
Changes in plasma levels of luteinizing hormone, steroid, and thyroid hormones during the postfledging development of white-crowned sparrows, Zonotrichia leucophrys

Abstract Soon after becoming independent from their parents, young white-crowned sparrows molt their cryptic juvenile plumage and replace it with the first-year plumage, which is similar to that of the adult except that crown is striped with brown and tan instead of the black and white. During this molt there is in both sexes a transitory increase in the plasma level of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone, which is followed closely by an equally transient increase in circulating levels of 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one (DHT). In contrast, testosterone remains at a level below the sensitivity of our assay. Corticosterone levels remain low throughout the molt. There is a significant elevation in thyroxine levels during midmolt in females only, whereas plasma levels of triiodothyronine remain unchanged in both sexes. Our observations and data suggest that the increases in plasma levels of LH and DHT in both sexes may play a role in the development of song and social behavior that permits the integration of the young into winter flocks.
Amorphous linear polyethylene

Abstract A technique was developed which is capable of quenching thin linear polyethylene films (100–1000 A) to an apparently amorphous state. Electron microscopy of samples kept at liquid nitrogen temperature before and during platinum-carbon shadowing indicated that the glass has a morphology consisting of nodules approximately 100 A in size superimposed upon irregularities 1000 A or more in diameter. This morphology did not rearrange to form lamellae as the sample was warmed rapidly and recrystallized; instead the chains seemed to reorganize locally to develop three-dimensional crystallinity. In most of the quenched samples some localized areas of varying sizes and numbers were seen which had a lamellar or spherulitic morphology which seemed to have formed during cooling due to local variations in the quench rate. Electron diffraction from well-quenched areas of samples inserted into the microscope without warming them sufficiently that they crystallized showed only amorphous halos. Upon warming, crystallinity in the orthorhombic unit cell form appeared at temperatures above 180 – 190K. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a broad exotherm between 160 and 180 or 200K from samples that were kept under liquid nitrogen before and during insertion into the d.s.o.
Photoelectric observations of the photometric axis of zodiacal light

Abstract Photoelectric measurements of the axis of zodiacal light were made at the Haleakala Observatory under the condition that the ecliptic is nearly perpendicular to the horizon. Combining with previous observations, the distribution of zodiacal light particles seems not to have a simple concentration to the invariable plane. The necessity of further observations at low geographic latitudes at appropriate times is emphasized.
Hyperflow: a uniform visual language for different levels of programming

We propose a visual language, Hyperflow, for system programming as well as for end user shell programming. Hyperflow is designed for a multimedia pen computer system for children. It is a dataflow-based graphical language. In order to demonstrate the capability of Hyperflow, we solve the programming problem of implementing a help command for children to telephone their instructor or parents using voice communication hardware (modem, microphone, speaker, and clock). The resulting program includes visual programs to implement device drivers for the modem and clock hardware.
Further Evidence for Inhibition of Episodic Luteinizing Hormone Release in Ovariectomized Rats by Stimulation of Dopamine Receptors

Stimulation of dopamine receptors by apomorphine inhibits episodic LH release in ovariectomized rats. The present study was designed to examine further the role of dopamine in this process. Unrestrained, unanesthetized rats with indwelling right atrial cannulae were bled continuously (30 or 50 microliters of whole blood/5 min for 3-6 h) and whole blood samples analyzed for LH by radioimmunoassay. Animals were treated with various compounds reported to stimulate or block dopamine receptors. ET 495, a long acting dopamine receptor stimulating agent, caused a marked inhibition of episodic LH release (2 1/2-4 h). Control injections of distilled water had no effect. d-Butaclamol, a blocker of dopamine receptors, did not itself alter episodic LH release but prevented the inhibitory effects seen following apomorphine or ET 495. I-butaclamol, a biologically inactive form of butaclamol, had no effect. Measurement of plasma corticosterone levels in these same animals indicated increased values following apomorphine or ET 495 alone (when LH release was inhibited), as well as after apomorphine or ET 495 administration to d-butaclamol-pretreated rats (when LH levels did not change). These data support our previous hypothesis that in ovariectomized adult rats, activation of dopamine receptors is capable of inhibiting episodic LH release, but that dopamine may not play an inhibitory role under normal physiological conditions in the modulation of LH secretion. In addition, the inhibitory action of apomorphine and ET 495 does not appear to be exerted via a stress-induced release of adrenal corticosterone.
Dictyostelium discoideum aggregation fields as excitable media.

Abstract This paper introduces some experimental investigations of wave propagation during aggregation of the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum (Dd) (Durston, unpublished results). It provides a basis for interpretation of the experimental findings by describing the excitable properties of aggregating Dd cells and some expectations about the nature of Dd wave propagation and the properties of the pacemaker regions which organize aggregation centers.
Heritability of digoxin pharmacokinetics

Background/Aims The clinical significance of genetic variability in membrane transporters is still unclear. In this study, we compared digoxin pharmacokinetics in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs to test the hypothesis that genetic differences contribute to interindividual variability in digoxin disposition. Digoxin is minimally metabolized in humans and its bioavailability is highly dependent on drug transporters. Methods Each twin pair (10 MZ and 6 DZ) was administered a 1 mg oral dose of digoxin and plasma and urine were collected over 3 days. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using standard methods. A preliminary estimate of heritability was calculated using variability between and within the MZ twin pairs (rGC= (Vbetween−Vwithin)/Vbetween). Results Preliminary estimates indicate that 36% of the variability in oral clearance (CL/F) can be attributed to genetics (rGC= 0.359). In contrast, genetics accounts for only a minor component of the variability in CLR (rGC= 0.19). Data from DZ twin pairs will be used to estimate the true heritability index. Conclusions These studies suggest that digoxin oral clearance is influenced by both environmental and genetic differences among individuals. Future studies will determine the contribution of genetic polymorphisms in membrane transporters involved in digoxin bioavailability on interindividual variability in digoxin pharmacokinetics. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P21–P21; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.11.083
A direct way of specifying flow‐dependent background error correlations for meteorological analysis systems

Identifying a viable strategy for specifying the background error covariance remains an importantproblem in meteorological data assimilation. From a formal point of view the number ofindependent parameters needed for this is n 2 /2 where n is the dimension of the model statespace. In most analysis systems used in operational mode at the present time, the error covarianceis modeled using assumptions about homogeneity and isotropy, and the resulting backgrounderror covariance matrix thus does not depend on the state of the atmosphere. In thispaper, we propose a simple and inexpensive method for specifying univariate background errorcorrelations in terms of the background field itself. We illustrate the positive impact of theimplementation of this model by a simple example in which we reconstruct a total ozone fieldfrom a sparse set of observations. We finally discuss the generalization of the basic idea involvedto univariate correlations for general meteorological models. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1998.00004.x
Postoperative thromboembolism. A clinical study with 125I-fibrinogen and pulmonary scanning.

Scanning with 125 I fibrinogen is an objective, accurate, and safe method of evaluating peripheral thrombosis in the postoperative period. High-risk patient populations are identified for careful monitoring and for evaluation of prophylactic therapy. Attention is directed to the early postoperative appearance of these thrombi and the ability of the fibrinogen scan to preempt the clinical manifestations. Pulmonary scanning in the postoperative period does not appear to be a reliable diagnostic test for pulmonary emboli in the patient with chronic pulmonary disease.
Role modeling and female athletes

In order to examine the role-modeling patterns of female athletes, 94 high school and 71 college basketball players were surveyed regarding (a) which player they most emulated, (b) perceptions regarding male vs. female coaches as role models, and (c) preferred gender of coach. High school subjects showed a greater tendency to emulate another player, and the significant majority of player role models were female. High school subjects who perceived a difference considered female coaches to be superior role models, and the 52% with a preference favored a female coach. However, the college subjects who perceived a difference, regarded male coaches as better examples of what they wanted to be and the 42% with a preference favored a male coach.
Fracturing Tina Fey: A Critical Analysis of Postfeminist Television Comedy Stardom

Tina Fey is arguably the most visibly successful female comedian in contemporary U.S. media, and this article explores how her star text, Fey's public image as constructed through various media, functions discursively within a postfeminist media environment. Fey's star text must be understood in terms of both Fey-as-star and her character Liz Lemon on 30 Rock, because comedy stardom is idiosyncratic. Comedians, such as Fey, perform biographical material that invites conflation between comics and the characters they play. This research shows that the popular media blur the boundary between Fey and her television persona, Liz Lemon, and thus this study takes up both sides of Tina Fey in a discussion of her star persona. Fey-as-star and Lemon-as-character are simultaneously alike and incoherent, and this disjuncture exposes the contradictions of postfeminist discourse, which simultaneously constructs Tina Fey as both heterosexual sex symbol of postfeminist achievement and as undisciplined (read: ugly) exampl...
Robustness of Conjoint Analysis: Some Monté Carlo Results:

In many industrial applications of conjoint analysis the use of nonmetric algorithms to analyze respondent ranks of products described by more than eight or 10 attributes is time consuming and very...
Bend it Like Byron: The Sartorial Sublime in Byron, Bonaparte, and Brummell, with Glances at Their Modern Progeny

Cet article prend pour point de depart une declaration surprenante de Byron selon laquelle les trois plus grandes figures de son epoque etaient lui-meme, Napoleon Bonaparte et George Brummell — le plus grand des trois etant le dandy Brummell du Regency. Aujourd’hui, on dit de Byron qu’il est l’un des grands poetes de la litterature mondiale, et les gens s’interessent encore beaucoup a ses ecrits (on trouve a l’heure actuelle des societes byroniennes dans plus de trente pays). On dit de Napoleon qu’il est l’un des plus grands genies politiques et militaires de tous les temps; et Brummell — il semblerait n’etre qu’une figure historique connue de ses contemporains pour sa mine grave et dedaignante puis son style vestimentaire impeccable. Pourtant, Byron avait raison : l’impact de Brummell sur la societe d’aujourd’hui perdure beaucoup plus que celui du poete ou de l’empereur. On n’a qu’a regarder les publicites que referment nos magazines et nos journaux. Le style, c’est tout; tout releve du style. Les mannequins nous font la moue, imitant Brummell sans le savoir, nous regardent d’un air hautain. L’obsession de notre societe pour les marques de commerce tire son origine de la fascination que stimulait un dandy du Regency a l’endroit du style personnel et des parures particulieres il y a de cela pres de deux cent ans. Cet article, un exercice en relativisme culturel entre l’epoque de Byron et la notre, explore pourquoi Byron aurait propose une telle juxtaposition — et pourquoi son assertion sur la primaute de Brummell s’est averee etre d’une etonnante precision.
Oddity learning in the squirrel monkey

Four squirrel monkeys were trained on the following problems in the order given: (1) one-odd, (2) complex two-odd, (3) 200 oddity problems with five trials per problem, (4) a median of 87 oddity problems with a reversal of the odd object on Trial 4, and (5) 60 oddity problems with reversals of the odd object on Trial 3, 4, or 5. All Ss learned the one-odd within 61 trials. Three Ss reached criterion on the two-odd (median = 800 trials) and the remaining S performed well. The Ss improved on Trial 1 performance in oddity set (51% correct on first 40 trials vs 81% correct on last 40). In oddity training with reversals on Trial 4, the performance on Trial 1 was not affected, and there was only temporary disruption of Trial 4 performance; reversals on Trials 3, 4, or 5 had no significant effect. Results are discussed in terms of the evidence necessary to conclude that an animal is using oddity as his cue.
Generalization of the effects of teacher- and self-administered token reinforcers to nontreated students.

Ten, black, second-grade boys served in a series of single-subject studies. They were from poor families, did not do well in arithmetic, were deficient in sustained attention, and presented behavior problems at school. One boy was a therapeutic confederate. Of the remaining nine nontreated students, three observed the confederate reinforced by a teacher, three observed the confederate self-reinforce without having an opportunity to use "self-reinforcement" themselves, and three observed self-reinforcement while having an opportunity to use "self-reinforcement." The target behavior was attending. Other measures of outcome were glancing, academic achievement, and accuracy of reinforcement. The basic experimental design consisted of an ABAB withdrawal applied to the confederate while the nontreated students remained on baseline. Generalization was expressed as a ratio (i.e., percent change in the generalization measure divided by percent change in the target behavior). Teacher-administered reinforcers to the confederate did not produce generalization of any kind. Both arrangements of self-administered reinforcers to the confederate produced across-subjects generalization and subject-response generalization. Additionally, the confederate manifested response generalization.
Increased consumption of dietary cholesterol, lutein, and zeaxanthin as egg yolks does not decrease serum concentrations and lipoprotein distribution of other carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols

We have previously reported that consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin as 2 and 4 egg yolks per day for 5 weeks significantly increased serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in older adults taking cholesterol-lowering statins. We hypothesized that increased consumption of eggs, lutein, and zeaxanthin may correlate with decreased absorption of other carotenoids and increased absorption of vitamins A and E, thus affecting their serum concentrations and lipoprotein distribution. Fifty-two subjects aged at least 60 years consumed 2 egg yolks per day followed by 4 egg yolks per day for 5 weeks each with a 4-week egg-free period at baseline and between the 2 interventions. Mean serum β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and retinol concentrations did not change during the 2 and 4 egg yolk phases. Mean serum α-cryptoxanthin and γ-tocopherol concentrations did not change after the 2 egg yolk phase, but increased by 47% (P < .001) and 19% (P < .05), respectively, after the 4 egg yolk phase. The percentage distribution of carotenoids and tocopherols between the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and non-HDL fractions was not significantly different during the egg yolk phases compared with baseline despite the significant increases in lutein and zeaxanthin carried on HDL and non-HDL fractions. In conclusion, increased dietary cholesterol, lutein, and zeaxanthin consumed as egg yolks did not decrease the absorption of other carotenoids, and increased γ-tocopherol but not retinol as evidenced by their serum and lipoprotein concentrations. Two and 4 egg yolk consumption increases serum and retinal lutein and zeaxanthin without altering the serum status of the other carotenoids, tocopherol, and retinol.
Rescue and Adjunctive Directional Coronary Atherectomy

Conventional coronary balloon angioplasty is complicated by abrupt arterial occlusion in 4%-8% of cases and remains the most important and feared acute problem with this procedure. This review discusses the significance and various treatment options for abrupt occlusion, focusing particularly on the potential use of directional coronary atherectomy to treat significant coronary arterial dissections complicating conventional angioplasty. The use of adjunctive atherectomy for the treatment of suboptimal coronary angioplasty results without dissection is also discussed. (J Interven Cardiol 1996;9:129–134)
The Cramer-Rao bound for dynamic target tracking with measurement origin uncertainty

There have been several new results to do with an old topic, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Specifically, it has been shown that for a wide class of parameter estimation problems (e.g. for objects with deterministic dynamics) the matrix CRLB with measurement origin uncertainty in addition to measurement noise, is simply that without measurement origin uncertainty times a scalar "information reduction factor" (IRF). Conversely, there has arisen a neat expression for the CRLB for state estimation of a stochastic dynamic nonlinear system (i.e. objects with a stochastic motion); but this is only valid without measurement origin uncertainty. This paper can be considered a marriage of the two topics: the clever Riccati-like form from the latter is preserved, but it includes the IRF from the former.
Amputee Fetishism and Genital Mutilation: Case Report and Literature Review

A case is presented of a 49-year-old man who amputated his penis following instructions that he had obtained from the Internet. The patient had a long-standing amputee fetish, which evolved into eroticized genital mutilation. The transformation of the preferred fetish occurred in a setting of depression due to environmental stressors. The literature about amputee fetishism, also called "apotemnophilia," is reviewed, and possible connections with the genital mutilation are discussed.
Are patients with multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer candidates for surgery

Are patients with multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer candidates for surgery?
Prediction Limits and Two-Sample Problems with Complete or Censored Weibull Data

Methods are derived for constructing prediction limits for the minimum or. more generally, the jth smallest of some set of future observations from a Weibull or extreme-value population. Methods are also given for testing the difference of Weibull shape or scale parameters. All methods derived apply to both complete and censored samples.
Intrusion countermeasures security model based on prioritization scheme for intranet access security (emerging concepts category)

Access controls and perimeter defenses are essential parts of an enterprise's security armory. However, for a comprehensive intranet security strategy, such defenses alone may not be enough. An enterprise needs mechanisms to analyze alerts and detect real attacks, and policies on how to respond to attacks. A framework for effective response to detection of misuse or attack is a central theme. The focus is towards security of corporate intranets. We first discuss the access control models that are currently being deployed and used at most intranet solutions. Using role based access control as a base, we develop a framework of interaction of various entities in the model. We then propose a prioritization scheme based on cost of impact in case of misuse and business criticality of transactions. The scheme is developed based on categorization and prioritization of risk and vulnerability assessment results for an enterprise intranet. Alerts are a critical element of a real-time response, but how alert engines operate and filter tons of log data decides the effectiveness of such infrastructure. We propose incorporation of priority schemes into alert mechanisms to develop a more effective intrusion countermeasure against misuse and attack. It leverages the enterprise's investment in security technology to develop an optimized solution to respond to those attacks, by advising the enterprise's on-site administrators.
Early starting, aggressive, and/or callous-unemotional? Examining the overlap and predictive utility of antisocial behavior subtypes.

Antisocial behavior (AB) in adolescence predicts problematic outcomes in adulthood. However, researchers have noted marked heterogeneity within the broad group of youth engaging in these destructive behaviors and have attempted to identify those with distinct etiologies and different trajectories of symptoms. In the present study, we evaluate 3 prominent AB subtyping approaches: age of onset, presence of callous–unemotional (CU) traits, and aggressive versus rule-breaking symptoms. We examined the overlap of these subtypes and their predictive validity in a diverse sample of 268 low-income young men followed prospectively from adolescence into emerging adulthood. We found that those with early starting AB were uniquely high on aggressive symptoms but not on CU traits. Early starting AB and both aggression and rule breaking measured during adolescence predicted most subsequent psychiatric and AB outcomes in early adulthood in univariate models, whereas CU traits were only predictive of adolescent arrests, later substance dependence diagnosis, and later CU traits. Finally, after accounting for shared variance among predictor variables, we found that aggressive symptoms explained the most unique variance in predicting several later outcomes (e.g., antisocial personality disorder) over and above other subtyping approaches. Results are discussed in relation to of the use of existing subtyping approaches to AB, noting that aggression and age of onset but not CU traits appear to be the best at predicting later negative outcome.
Modulation of Antarctic vortex composition by the quasi-biennial oscillation

Using a decade of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations, we show distinctly different N2O distributions in Southern Hemisphere winter that depend on the phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Composites of the nitrous oxide (N2O) anomalies calculated for westerly and easterly phases show that QBO-generated variability originating in the subtropical middle stratosphere fills the midlatitude surf zone by late winter. After the spring vortex breakup, the anomaly is transported to the Antarctic where it remains until the next vortex forms in fall. Trapped in the newly formed vortex, the anomaly descends in isolation through fall and winter, arriving in the Antarctic lower stratosphere in September—about 1 year after it formed. This transport pathway explains previously reported variability of N2O and inorganic chlorine (Cly) inside the Antarctic vortex and demonstrates that the middle stratosphere QBO affects ozone depletion by modulating Antarctic Cly.
Adaptive foraging behaviour of individual pollinators and the coexistence of co-flowering plants

Although pollinators can play a central role in determining the structure and stability of plant communities, little is known about how their adaptive foraging behaviours at the individual level, e.g. flower constancy, structure these interactions. Here, we construct a mathematical model that integrates individual adaptive foraging behaviour and population dynamics of a community consisting of two plant species and a pollinator species. We find that adaptive foraging at the individual level, as a complementary mechanism to adaptive foraging at the species level, can further enhance the coexistence of plant species through niche partitioning between conspecific pollinators. The stabilizing effect is stronger than that of unbiased generalists when there is also strong competition between plant species over other resources, but less so than that of multiple specialist species. This suggests that adaptive foraging in mutualistic interactions can have a very different impact on the plant community structure from that in predator–prey interactions. In addition, the adaptive behaviour of individual pollinators may cause a sharp regime shift for invading plant species. These results indicate the importance of integrating individual adaptive behaviour and population dynamics for the conservation of native plant communities.