cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti-TRIM21 autoantibody and inflammasome interaction in pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome (BA3P.200)

Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder mainly affecting the exocrine glands and is commonly associated with autoantibodies to TRIM21. This study was undertaken to determine the role of TRIM21-reactive antibodies in pathogenesis of Sjogren’s syndrome. NZM mouse strains (2758, 2328, 2410) were immunized with recombinant TRIM21 protein adsorbed on to alum. Mice were monitored for autoantibodies, serum cytokines and pilocarpine induced salivation. Although all NZM mouse strains generated a robust anti-TRIM21 antibody response, salivary gland dysfunction only occurred in the NZM2758 mice. Moreover, alum immunized NZM2758 mice also displayed some loss of glandular function. Serum levels of IL-1α and CXCL1 were upregulated in alum and alum-TRIM21 treated groups of NZM2758 mice. In contrast, levels of IL-2, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-17 were upregulated, only in the alum-TRIM21 treated mice. Antibodies from TRIM21 immunized mice penetrated live cells in vitro, and showed cytoplasmic staining. Passive transfer of sera from TRIM21 immunized mice induced salivary gland dysfunction in recipient mice, only if the recipients were pre primed with alum. Our study shows that in a genetically susceptible mouse strain, anti-TRIM21 antibodies directly affected salivary gland function and this phenomenon was dependent on the activation of inflammasome pathway. Thus, interaction between innate and adaptive immunity is critical for pathogenesis of Sjogren’s syndrome.
Schottky Barrier Diodes and Their Applications

Although times have changed, the Schottky barrier diode remains an important component in many systems because of its unique features. The discussion will first focus on the origin of the energy bands and their relationship to the Fermi level. The simple theory is later modified by the barrier-lowering effect and the presence of surface states. The reverse bias depletion capacitance and, subsequently, the forward current characteristics are determined. Equivalent circuit models are discussed that are useful for circuit design. Finally, some comments are made about recent progress in wide bandgap Schottky barrier diodes. The applications sections emphasize mixer design, as this seems to be the predominant use of Schottky devices. Keywords: Schottky barrier diode; Fermi level; barrier-lowering effect; mixers; semiconductor
The future is near: Universally usable mainstream on-line publishing

John Gardner is blind and he is the founder of ViewPlus Technologies, a company whose mission is dedicated to information accessibility. He is also professor emeritus of physics. It was a very natural thing for him to collaborate with the American Physical Society. Physicist lead! “We will show something that’s very exciting in this presentation”. It’s particularly exciting for people who are blind and have print disabilities in particular. 25% or more of the world population have print disabilities – i.e. they have difficulty grasping regular print information. They are helped if they can see the print and also hear it and feel it. These people are largely being eliminated from sciences. This disability is not correlated with intelligence or ability to learn. It is simply that they have visual processing difficulties. So by making something accessible to blind people and people with print disabilities, we are actually increasing the number of potential scientist by a significant fraction. A video shows what we could demonstrate in real time in a longer session. The video transcript follows, and the video itself is included with the proceedings archives: “ViewPlus Technologies is working together with the American Physical Society, APS, to publish journals that include fully accessible text, math equations and graphics allowing all readers to have access to the same information. Creating these materials is a two step process: The first step is to convert the text and math equations into an accessible format that can be read using most DAISY-players and screen readers. ViewPlus works together with Design Science on this part of the project. The second step involved is to convert graphics into a scalable vector graphic, SVG format for use with the IVEO Hands-on learning system, developed by ViewPlus. This second step gives users access to all of the graphical information to touch, sound and sight with the availability to zoom in or out for more or less detail. Here is how it works: You can open an APS journal with any modern DAISY-player or within a standard web browser and navigate using a screen reader. With the file open you can explore the document as you normally would. As you come across complex math-equations they are read with perfect pronunciations. [. . .] Each graphic within the document includes a link to the SVG file and a caption describing the image. As you come to a graphic, the link is read first followed by the caption. [. . .] To explore in greater detail, select the specified link. The graphic will then open in IVEO Hands-on learning system. To utilize the full power of IVEO, first print the document to your Tiger Embosser for a high resolution tactile printout. Then place the printout on the IVEO touch-sensitive tablet. You can then touch different areas of the graphic and have a description spoken back to you. [. . .] This gives users access to an unlimited demand of information for more complete explanation of the image. Once you have finished exploring the graphic you can then easily navigate back to the journal and continue reading
Technologies for systematic analysis of eukaryotic transcriptomes

Comprehensive high-throughput analysis of the eukaryotic transcriptome provides unprecedented opportunity to understand gene structure and gene expression, and to use that knowledge to gain perspective of biological function. During the past decade, several new technologies based on DNA sequencing and hybridization approaches have been developed and applied to transcriptome analysis. In this overview, applications of these current technologies are discussed, as is the need for continued technology development. Keywords: gene expression; cDNA; SAGE; MPSS; microarray; genome
The subunits of human hexosaminidase A.

Previous studies of the subunit structure of hexosaminidase gave ambiguous results, but suggested that the enzyme was composed of six equally sized subunits. Dissociation of hexosaminidase A with p-chloromercuribenzoate produces an alkylated fragment with mol.wt. approx. 50000, which is converted into hexosaminidase S by treatment with dithiothreitol. Treatment of native hexosaminidase A with sodium dodecylsulphate results in the formation of a large and a small fragment. However, although the native enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 5.8S, dissociation by S-carboxymethylation and maleic anhydride treatment results in subunits exhibiting a single schlieren boundary on analytical ultracentrifugation with a sedimentation coefficient of 2.18S. These results indicate that the enzyme is composed of four subunits, each with molwt. approx. 25000-27000. The mol.wt. of the native enzymes is calculated to be approx. 110000. Our data are consistent with the subunit structures of hexosaminidases A, B and S as being alpha2beta2, beta4 and alpha4 respectively.
Discriminative stimulus effects of BW373U86: a nonpeptide ligand with selectivity for delta opioid receptors.

Several opioid agonists were evaluated in pigeons trained to discriminate i.m. injections of sterile water from either the mu agonist morphine (5.6 mg/kg), the kappa agonist bremazocine (0.032mg/kg) or (+/-)-4-((alpha-R*)-alpha-((2S*,5R*)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1- piperazinyl)-3-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide (BW373U86; 0.56 mg/kg). Pigeons were trained to peak one of two keys on a fixed-ratio 20 schedule for food reinforcement. The pattern of substitution of mu, kappa and delta selective agonists in the three groups of birds suggested that the discriminative stimulus effects of morphine, bremazocine and BW373U86 were different; however, a component of the discriminative stimulus effects of BW373U86 appeared to be shared with morphine. Apparent pA2 values for naltrexone with morphine, bremazocine and BW373U86 were 7.6, 6.8 and 6.3, respectively. The apparent pA2 value for naltrindole with BW373U86 was 8.3. Naltrindole (10.0 mg/kg) produced a 3-fold shift to the right in the dose-effect curve for morphine but did not antagonize bremazocine. Although results from the substitutions experiments suggested that a component of the BW373U86 discriminative stimulus was mediated through mu opioid receptors, the fact that naltrindole was 1000-fold more potent and naltrexone was 30-fold less potent in antagonizing BW373U86 than morphine indicated that the discriminative effects of BW373U86 were also mediated through delta opioid receptors.
MDR: A P2P-based market-guided distributed routing mechanism for high-throughput hybrid wireless networks

A hybrid wireless network combines a mobile ad-hoc network and an infrastructure network. Efficient and reliable data routing is important for high throughput in such networks. Existing routing schemes that simply combine ad-hoc and infrastructure routings inherit the drawbacks of ad-hoc routing and fail to take advantage of the infrastructure for high efficiency. Current reputation systems relying on local information exchange are not sufficiently effective and efficient in guiding reliable routing. This paper presents a peer-to-peer (P2P)-based Market-guided Distributed Routing mechanism (MDR) to increase the throughput of hybrid networks by achieving a high efficiency and reliability. Taking advantage of the high density of base stations, the packets from a source node are distributively transmitted to base stations directly or indirectly. The packet transmission in MDR is modeled as a market trading behaviors, in which source nodes pay credits to relay nodes. The service price is determined by the supply and demand equilibrium of the nodes in the system. MDR organizes base stations into a P2P structure to facilitate high efficient data operation for service price determination. An erasure coding-based distributed routing algorithm is also proposed to facilitate an efficient and reliable market trading. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the distinguishing features of MDR and simulation results show that MDR outperforms the traditional hybrid routing schemes and reputation systems.
Deformation in viscoelastic sandwich composites subject to moisture diffusion

This study analyzes the effect of moisture diffusion on the deformation of viscoelastic sandwich composites, which are composed of orthotropic fiber-reinforced laminated skins and viscoelastic polymeric foam core. It is assumed that the elastic and time-dependent (transient) moduli at any particular location in the foam core depend on the moisture concentration at that location. Sequentially coupled analyses of moisture diffusion and deformation are performed to predict overall performance of the studied viscoelastic sandwich systems. Time and moisture dependent constitutive model is used for the polymer foam core, while skins are assumed linear elastic. The overall time-dependent responses of the sandwich composites subject to moisture diffusion are analyzed using finite element (FE) method. Experimental data available in the literature and analytical solutions are used to support convergence studies in the FE analyses. Contributions of moisture dependent elastic and the time-dependent moduli to the overall stress, strain and displacement field are studied. FE analyses of the delamination between skins and core in sandwich composite under combined moisture diffusion and mechanical loading are also performed.
Resource Rooms Some Aspects for Special Educators to Ponder

This article raises questions about the resource room model as an educational delivery system for handicapped students. Questions consider the role and function of the resource teacher, which students benefit most, mechanisms needed to ensure communication between resource teacher and referring teacher, and administrative policy decisions that interfere with maximum functioning of the resource room model. Systematic evaluation of the resource room model is suggested as timely and crucial.
The Necessity of Others is The Mother of Invention: Intrinsic and Prosocial Motivations, Perspective Taking, and Creativity

Although many scholars believe that intrinsic motivation fuels creativity, research has returned equivocal results. Drawing on motivated information processing theory, we propose that the relationship between intrinsic motivation and creativity is enhanced by other-focused psychological processes. Perspective taking, as generated by prosocial motivation, encourages employees to develop ideas that are useful as well as novel. In three studies, using both field and lab data, we found that prosocial motivation strengthened the association between intrinsic motivation and independent creativity ratings. In our second and third studies, perspective taking mediated this moderating effect. We discuss theoretical implications for creativity and motivation.
Anticonflict effect of MK-801 in rats: Time course and chronic treatment studies

The present study examined the time course and chronic treatment effects of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, MK-801 (dizocilpine), on conflict behavior in the conditioned suppression of drinking (CSD) paradigm, a repeated-measures conflict task. In daily 10-min sessions, water-restricted rats drank from a tube that was occasionally electrified (0.25- or 0.5-mA shocks signaled by a tone). Trained subjects (4 weeks of CSD testing) exhibited stable baselines for both punished responding and unpunished responding. In the first experiment, the effects of MK-801 administered IP were determined in female and male rats following a range of pretreatment intervals (i.e., 0.5-48 h). In female rats, 0.2 mg/kg MK-801 exerted an anticonflict effect at pretreatment intervals of 10-36 h, but not before 10 h or after 36 h. In male rats, qualitatively similar results were obtained; MK-801 (0.4 mg/kg) exerted anticonflict effects following pretreatment intervals of 6-14 h, but not before 6 or after 14 h. In the second experiment, chronic treatment of female rats with 0.04, 0.01, or 0.2 mg/kg MK-801 resulted in a dose-dependent anticonflict effect in CSD paradigm, which remained stable over the course of 5 weeks of chronic treatment. Punished responding returned to pretreatment levels within 2-3 days after discontinuation of chronic treatment with MK-801. These data suggest that MK-801 exerts a delayed anticonflict effect in both female and male rats with a qualitatively similar pattern, and that there is no tolerance to the anticonflict effect of MK-801 with chronic treatment.
This is Where You are Supposed to Be: Homeless Individuals Cope with Stigma

This article is based on 20 ethnographic interviews, two focus groups, and observation conducted with homeless individuals in a southeastern U.S. city between 2007 and 2009. It examines individuals' tactics used to manage the stigma that is usually linked with homelessness. Men and women regularly meet with disapproving labels regarding living on the streets or in shelters when they interact with others. The analysis of their stories highlights the ways in which homeless individuals try to save their character. Throughout this article we make the case that homeless individuals handle spoiled identities in comparable and unique ways judged against how other marginalized groups manage stigmatization. The conclusion discusses larger sociological implications of this research in understanding stigmatization.
Structural work: How microhistories become macrohistories and vice versa

The structural-cum-symbolic amplification of minor differences: how small-scale, interpersonal or factional disputes are turned into large-scale struggles between nations, kingdoms or their totaliz...
Typologizing violence: a Blackian perspective

Although typologies of violence have become more common, relatively little attention has been given to Donald Black’s (1983) distinction between moralistic and predatory violence. Moralistic violence is rooted in conflict; predatory violence is rooted in exploitation. We elaborate Black’s typology and show how it is similar to, but distinct from, other typologies of violence. We also address the criteria by which typologies of any kind might be judged. Borrowing from the literatures on typologies and on standards of scientific theory, we argue that explanatory typologies should be evaluated according to four criteria: the degree to which they are powerful, theoretical, general, and parsimonious. Applying the criteria to Black’s typology, we argue that the distinction between moralistic and predatory violence is an important contribution to the arsenal of the student of violence.
Predictive fermion mass matrix Ansa-umltze in nonsupersymmetric SO(10) grand unification.

We investigate the status of predictive fermion mass [ital Ansaetze] in nonsupersymmetric SO(10) grand unification which make use of the grand unification scale conditions [ital m][sub [ital e]]=[ital m][sub [ital d]]/3, [ital m][sub [mu]]=3[ital m][sub [ital s]], and [vert bar][ital V][sub [ital c][ital b]][vert bar]= [radical][ital m][sub [ital c]]/[ital m][sub b]in nonsupersymmetric SO(10) grand unification. The gauge symmetry below an intermediate symmetry-breaking scale [ital M][sub [ital I]] is assumed to be that of the standard model with either one or two Higgs doublets. We find in both cases that a maximum of 5 standard model parameters may be predicted within 1[sigma] experimental ranges. The standard model scenario predicts the low energy [vert bar][ital V][sub [ital c][ital b]][vert bar] to be in a range which includes its experimental midvalue 0.044 and which for a large top mass can extend to lower values than the range resulting in the supersymmetric case. In the two Higgs standard model case, we identify the regions of parameter space for which unification of the bottom quark and [tau] lepton Yukawa couplings is possible at grand unification scale. In fact, we find that unification of the top, bottom, and [tau] Yukawa couplings is possible with the runningmore » [ital b]-quark mass within the 1[sigma] preferred range [ital m][sub [ital b]]=4.25[plus minus]0.1 GeV provided [alpha][sub 3[ital c]]([ital M][sub [ital Z]]) is near the low end of its allowed range. In this case, one may make 6 predictions which include [vert bar][ital V][sub [ital c][ital b]][vert bar] within its 90% confidence limits. However unless the running mass [ital m][sub [ital b]][gt]4.4 GeV, third generation Yukawa coupling unification requires the top mass to be greater than 180 GeV. We compare these nonsupersymmetric cases to the case of the minimal supersymmetric standard model embedded in the SO(10) grand unified group.« less
The effects of information and company reputation on intentions to buy a business service

Abstract The authors review the literature on the roles and sources of company reputation and report the results of an empirical study. Using business insurance service data, the study tests the proposition that a company's reputation and its service offering information collectively determine a buyer's expectations. In turn, expectations, reputation, and information impact buying intention. The empirical evidence suggests that (1) a buyer's response to a service is consistent with his/her attitude toward the vendor's reputation, (2) the common factor underlying a company's reputation is primarily uni-dimensional, and (3) the effectiveness of a specific communications program can be enhanced by utilizing the company's reputation.
Communication via substratum-coupled stridulation and reproductive isolation in wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Our studies of a new spider species, Schizocosa rovneri (Uetz & Dondale), and its sibling species, S. ocreata (Hentz), provide an example of how sexual communication functions as a species isolating mechanism. Sexual communication by substratum-coupled stridulation proves to be a critical factor in the reproductive isolation of these species. In laboratory pairings, males of both species court conspecific and heterospecific females indiscriminately. However, females only respond receptively and copulate with conspecific males. A forced mating technique that employed anaesthetized females tested for interfertility. Heterospecific pairings of female S. rovneri with male S. ocreata and female S. ocreata with male S. rovneri resulted in the production of egg sacs and offspring in each case. We designed a series of experiments to isolate the various components of sexual communication in S. rovneri. For the male S. rovneri, olfactory and/or tactile cues from the female's silk are sufficient to release courtship behaviour. For the female S. rovneri, substratum-coupled sound production (stridulation of the male palps) is necessary and is by itself sufficient to induce receptive behaviour.
A new physically-based quantification of marine isoprene and primary organic aerosol emissions

Abstract. The global marine sources of organic carbon (OC) are estimated here using a physically-based parameterization for the emission of marine isoprene and primary organic matter. The marine isoprene emission model incorporates new physical parameters such as light sensitivity of phytoplankton isoprene production and dynamic euphotic depth to simulate hourly marine isoprene emissions totaling 0.92 Tg C yr−1. Sensitivity studies using different schemes for the euphotic zone depth and ocean phytoplankton speciation produce the upper and the lower range of marine-isoprene emissions of 0.31 to 1.09 Tg C yr−1, respectively. Established relationships between sea spray fractionation of water-insoluble organic carbon (WIOC) and chlorophyll-a concentration are used to estimate the total primary sources of marine sub- and super-micron OC of 2.9 and 19.4 Tg C yr−1, respectively. The consistent spatial and temporal resolution of the two emission types allow us, for the first time, to explore the relative contributions of sub- and super-micron organic matter and marine isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) to the total OC fraction of marine aerosol. Using a fixed 3% mass yield for the conversion of isoprene to SOA, our emission simulations show minor (
Shooter localization in urban terrain

Detecting and accurately locating snipers has been an elusive goal of the armed forces and law enforcement agencies for a long time. Most successful sniper-detecting systems are based on acoustic measurements. We develop an acoustic system that works well even in complex urban environments. Funded through the Network Embedded Systems Technology program of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's Information Exploitation Office, the PinPtr system uses a wireless network of many low-cost sensors to determine both a shooter's location and the bullet's trajectory by measuring both the muzzle blast and the shock wave. The PinPtr sensor-fusion algorithm, which runs on a base station, performs a search on a hyper-surface defined by a consistency function. This function provides the number of sensor measurements that are consistent with hypothetical shooter positions and shot times. The algorithm automatically classifies measurements and eliminates those that result from multipath effects or are otherwise erroneous. A fast search algorithm finds the global maximum of the surface, which corresponds to the shooter position.
Solid-phase extraction, sample stacking and capillary zone electrophoresis for the analysis of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites

A capillary zone electrophoresis method is presented for the analysis of six biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine samples. Baseline resolution of 2-hydroxyfluorene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, 4-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene and 5-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene was achieved in approximately 17 min with a 20 mM borate buffer prepared in 50% methanol–water (volume/volume). Competitive limits of detection were obtained for all the studied metabolites using commercial instrumentation equipped with an ultraviolet-visible absorption detector. Detection at the sub-parts-per-billion concentration levels was made possible via sample pre-concentration based on solid-phase extraction and sample stacking. Solid-phase extraction was performed with the aid of a twelve port vacuum manifold. Sample stacking was carried out in methanol, i.e. the eluting solvent from the solid-phase extraction procedure. To the extent of our literature search, this is the first application of sample stacking to the analysis of monohydroxy-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine samples. Metabolite recoveries varied from 93.2 ± 7.7% (5-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene) to 108.7 ± 7.8% (2-hydroxynaphthalene). Limits of detection were at the trace level ranging from 0.99 ng mL−1 (3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene) to 8.54 ng mL−1 (2-hydroxynaphthalene). The new method was found to be free of interference from four pharmacological drugs – naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac and amoxicillin – that might be found in urine samples of unhealthy individuals.
Cell culture studies in progeria I. Establishment and partial characterization of a lymphoblastoid cell line

A lymphoblastoid cell line (EKS-L44) with definitive HLA specificities (HLA-Aw24, w30, B14, w35, Cw4-, DRw4, 5) was established from peripheral blood cells of a patient with progeria using Epstein-Barr virus. Cytogenetic study indicated that EKS-L44 was diploid after four months in vitro. The growth pattern of this cell line was not significantly different from a similarly established normal control nor from other lines initiated from patients with various disorders.
Definitions of Multicultural Competence: Frontline Human Service Providers' Perspective.

In this qualitative study, the authors explored definitions of multicultural competence given by 99 frontline human service providers. The providers had no formal training in counseling but served in a helping role. Seven thematic definitions emerged: color blindness, client focused, acknowledgment of cultural differences, textbook consistent, resource driven, skills-based, and self-integrated. Implications for multicultural competence are discussed. En este estudio cualitativo, los autores exploraron las definiciones de competencia multicultural ofrecidas por 99 proveedores de servicios humanos de primera linea. Los proveedores no tenian una formacion oficial en consejeria, pero actuaban en roles de ayuda. Surgieron como resultado siete definiciones tematicas: indiferente al color, enfocada hacia el cliente, reconocimiento de diferencias culturales, libro de texto, guiada por los recursos, habilidades y autointegrada. Se discuten las implicaciones para la competencia multicultural.
Computational simulation strategies for analysis of multisubunit RNA polymerases.

Multisubunit RNA polymerase (RNAP) mechanisms present challenges for current computational techniques because of their large size, complications of simulating nucleic acids and metals, and also dynamic aspects of the system. The purpose of this review is to discuss computational methods that have been applied to RNAPs and to evaluate the insight gained. Furthermore, this review seeks to anticipate some future approaches expected to give additional understanding. Because RNAPs pose challenges to available computation technology, these studies may necessitate improvements in methods and hardware applied to very large multiatom systems that include protein and nucleic acid components. Other reviews on RNAP structure/function have recently appeared but generally with a different focus.1 This review was developed on the basis of collaborations involving the Feig, Cukier, Burton, Kashlev, and Coulombe laboratories. The attempt has been to combine sophisticated computational analyses with biochemical and genetic structure/function studies of multisubunit RNAPs. The hope was that integrating these broad approaches might enrich the science, leading to a deeper description of a complex, templated polymerization mechanism central and global in known living systems. So far, this collaborative approach has led to advances in understanding and an indication that going back and forth between simulation and experiment should prove an incisive approach to a very big problem in biology. This review can be viewed as a progress report with an eye to a bright and revealing future. In section 13, particular emphasis is placed on quantum chemistry (QC) methods to analyze details of RNAP and DNA polymerase (DNAP) mechanisms. This section is expanded in detail relative to others because the 2-Mg mechanism is currently a subject of great general interest, but the language and methods of QC may not be easily accessible to all who may be interested. We attempt an accessible presentation of a sophisticated and developing field.
Interference Effect in Mixed Multipole Lines of Bi i

The Zeeman effect in the two strongest mixed multipole lines of neutral bismuth was studied with apparatus of high resolving power and magnetic fields up to 6400 G. Remarkable differences of intensity distribution among the ΔM = ±1 components, caused by interference between the magnetic-dipole and the electric-quadrupole radiation, are found for the two directions of observation (longitudinal L and transverse π). This interference effect was observed for the first time in a spectrum with hyperfine structure. In stronger fields, the transitions investigated are of the type ΔM = MF′ − M″, where M″ = MJ″ + MI″; the individual components belonging to various MF′ and MI″ formed unresolved groups. For the line 4615 A(P2°12→S4°32), the sum of the interference terms decreases the intensities of groups with MJ″=±32 and increases the intensities of groups with MJ″=±12 in the L direction; the reverse is true for the transverse π direction. The line 6476 A (D2°52→S4°32) exhibits the opposite behavior. In spite of the complex, and to a great extent unresolved, detailed structure of the Zeeman pattern at low as well as at high fields, the observations of finer details seem to support the expectation that coupling of the J vector to the nuclear moment I does not destroy, but only modifies, the interference terms so that they operate on the individual hyperfine-structure components.
The Unique Role of Sleep Quality in Older Adults’ Psychological Well-Being

Previous research has established a link between sleep quality and psychological well-being in older adults. However, no research to date has investigated this relationship in the context of other factors known to influence both sleep and psychological well-being. Among a sample of 489 independently living older adults (ages 60 to 98), the current study examined the association between sleep quality and psychological well-being (positive emotions, negative emotions, depression) while controlling for individual differences in factors known to affect sleep: physical health, stress, physical activity, functional ability, and demographics. Multiple linear regression models showed that both better current sleep quality and better comparative sleep quality (from middle to older adulthood) predicted better psychological well-being. Implications include interventions to improve sleep quality in older adults.
Instrumentation And Current Results In Absorption Edge Fluoroscopy

The technique presented is an approach to absorption edge transmission imaging which eliminates the need for monoenergetic x-ray sources, detector scanning, and energy analysis of transmitted x-rays. Subtraction of images formed with heavily filtered x-ray beams peaked at energies above and below the K absorption edge is accomplished with image-intensified fluoroscopy equipment coupled to a pair of storage tubes. Images of iodine and xenon concentrations of 1 mg/cm2 have been imaged in 15 cm phantoms in a few seconds. When automated, the system will provide similar sensitivity in 20 cm phantoms, with imaging times of 1 second or less with resolution of the order of 1 mm. Several preliminary images are presented which relate to possible future clinical studies.© (1974) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Adaptive sensing and design for reliability

Chip lifetime degradation due to oxide break down is a major concern for today's designers. We review existing methods to solve the gate oxide reliability issues and also introduce an in situ degradation monitoring technique. This technique allows early detection of oxide degradation and makes a system aware of its reliability. When used in conjunction with reliability management schemes, it minimizes existing pessimistic reliability margins and allows an improvement in device performance.
Recombinant human MFG-E8 attenuates cerebral ischemic injury: its role in anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis

Excessive inflammation and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. MFG-E8 is a 66-kDa glycoprotein that has shown tissue protection in various models of organ injury. However, the potential role of MFG-E8 in cerebral ischemia has not been investigated. We found that levels of MFG-E8 protein in the brain were reduced at 24 h after cerebral ischemia. To assess the potential role of MFG-E8 in cerebral ischemia, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 1 h post-stroke onset, an intravenous administration of 1 ml saline as vehicle or 160 μg/kg BW recombinant human MFG-E8 (rhMFG-E8) as treatment was given. The optimal dose of rhMFG-E8 was obtained from previous dose-response organ protection in rat sepsis studies. Neurological scores were determined at 24 h and 48 h post-MCAO. Rats were sacrificed thereafter and brains rapidly removed and analyzed for infarct size, histopathology, and markers of inflammation and apoptosis. Compared with saline vehicle, rhMFG-E8 treatment led to significant decreases in sensorimotor and vestibulomotor deficits, and infarct size at 24 h and 48 h post-MCAO. Measures associated with improved outcome included reduced microglial inflammatory cytokine secretion, adhesion molecules and neutrophil influx, cleaved caspase-3, and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), and Bcl-2/Bax ratio leading to decreased apoptosis. Thus, rhMFG-E8 treatment is neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia through suppression of inflammation and apoptosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'.
Impact of ASHRAE environmental classes on data centers

Data centers consume a significant amount of energy in the US and worldwide, much of which is consumed by the cooling infrastructure, particularly the chiller plant and computer room air conditioners and air handlers. To enable energy efficient data center designs, ASHRAE added two new IT environmental classes, A3 and A4, with associated allowable inlet air temperatures of 40C and 45C respectively. IT equipment that meet these new allowable environmental envelopes can operate in data centers with minimal refrigeration cooling and instead rely on ambient free cooling. In this paper we investigate the impact of allowing a data center to operate up to the A3 limit of 40C on total data center energy use for 3 different types of servers in a chiller-less data center located in a variety of locations. The study finds that though facility power reduces as the demand for cold air reduces, the increase in IT power consumption, due to fan speed-up, can offset these savings and in some cases result in an overall increase in data center power. Thus the most energy efficient operating point is dependant on the specific energy use profiles of the infrastructure and the IT equipment. The higher allowable temperature can also result in higher failure rates and an increased risk of equipment or service loss due to data center cooling failures. This paper also presents a study on the potential for chiller elimination and chiller use reduction across the US, Europe and in India by operating in the various ASHRAE envelopes. For wet, water side economized data centers, A2 and A3 equipment is sufficient to almost completely remove the need for chillers in many geographic locations.
Quality of life after treatment for pancreatitis.

Objective The authors evaluated the morbidity, mortality, and quality of life after pancreatic debridement for necrosis and compared these values to those for quality of life after elective medical and surgical management for chronic pancreatitis. Background Data Quality of life after pancreatic debridement for necrosis has received little attention. Although quality of life after other pancreatic surgery has been evaluated and is thought to be good, management of patients with pancreatic necrosis can be labor intensive and require extraordinary resources. Therefore, further evaluation of the quality of life achieved after treatment is appropriate. Methods Forty patients (group 1) underwent operative debridement for necrosis between 1986 and 1994. Medical records of these patients were reviewed for morbidity, mortality, and in-hospital costs. Follow-up of quality of life was assessed by the Short Form-36 Health Survey. Patients in group 2 (n = 89) underwent medical management of chronic pancreatitis. Group 3 included 47 patients who underwent elective operations for ductal abnormalities. The Short Form-36 Health Surveys were administered to all three groups and compared statistically. Results Mortality and morbidity from pancreatic debridement was 18% and 77%, respectively. Quality-of-life evaluations in groups 1 through 3 and age-matched controls were statistically similar. Conclusions Pancreatic debridement for necrosis requires intense application of resources and is associated with a high mortality and morbidity. Long-term follow-up shows good quality of life for patients who survive this morbid disease. This study supports the continued aggressive approach to the management of pancreatic necrosis, given that long-term outcome about quality of life is good.
Information security foundations for the interoperability of electronic health records

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are clearly in the future of medicine and will provide benefits to all parties. Accurate and timely health record information is essential and dependent upon the security of the system and the security of related, interconnected systems. The current methodology of broad regulatory guidance and letting industry "do its best" has failed in the financial sector where identity theft has become a significant crime. Allowing the same outcome to occur in EHRs will both limit the efficiency, effectiveness and interoperability of systems. The solution is to incorporate security "from the ground up" in a fashion similar to national security systems. To do so across the myriad of players in healthcare will require regulation. This paper explores the foundation for technical solutions and proposes security mechanisms to protect EHRs.
Providing Quality Early Care and Education to Young Children Who Experience Maltreatment: A Review of the Literature

The current paper highlights the few studies that examine the role of early care and education on the developmental and early academic outcomes of children who experience maltreatment. First, we argue that children who experience maltreatment are at significant risk for poor developmental outcomes as a result of the chronic exposure to stress that is typical of this population. Recent evidence emphasizing the effects of stress on brain development is discussed. Next, the role of quality early care and education (ECE) experiences for children receiving services from child protective agencies are explored, underscoring three particular studies that examine the early educational experiences of children who receive child protective services as a result of maltreatment or exposure to violence. Finally, we focus on current approaches to improve the outcomes of children who experience maltreatment, within the context of ECE, and the implications for future research. Overall, this review serves as a call for international research efforts to explore the role of ECE on the developmental and early educational outcomes of this vulnerable population of children.
From the Editor: Recognizing and Valuing our Roles as Mentors

(2012). From the Editor: Recognizing and Valuing our Roles as Mentors. Journal of Social Work Education: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 1-4.
Time variant cross correlation to assess residence time of water and implication for hydraulics of a sink‐rise karst system

[1] Transport rates and residence time in the subsurface are critical parameters for understanding water-rock interactions for efficient contaminant remediation. This paper presents a methodology for assessing flow and transit time of water through hydrological systems, with specific applications to karst systems and implication for hydraulics of a conduit system surrounded by a porous and permeable intergranular matrix. A time variant cross-correlation function analysis is applied to bivariate time series that characterize mass transfer, assuming a stationary system using sliding windows of various sizes. We apply the method to 1 year long temperature records in the Santa Fe River (north central Florida) measured at (1) the River Sink, where all the incoming surface water drains into a sinkhole, (2) Sweetwater Lake, where the river resurges into a 500 m long karst window, and (3) the River Rise, where the water discharges from a first-magnitude karst spring. Results are compared with those obtained using specific conductivity. Estimated residence time ranges from less than 1 day during floods to more than 15 days during base flow within the 8000 m flow path between the River Sink and the River Rise. Results are used to characterize geometric, hydraulic, and hydrodynamic properties of this sink-rise system with strong matrix-conduit interactions. These properties are critical to the chemical and physical behavior of surface water–groundwater mixing. Our results also have direct implications for sampling strategies and hydrograph separation of many karst systems with different degrees and types of matrix porosity and permeability.
Poster: MICO: Model-Based Irrigation Control Optimization

Lawns, both public and private, make up the largest irrigated crop in North America by surface area. Although there have been improvements in sprinkler head technology and weather assimilation, state-of-the-art irrigation systems do nothing to adjust for heterogeneous terrain or varying lawn environments. In this work, a computationally lightweight soil moisture movement model is developed, which allows the computation of optimal irrigation valve scheduling using standard optimization techniques. A prototype sprinkler head is produced with the ability to sense local soil moisture conditions, wirelessly communicate, and independently actuate based on the optimal schedule centrally computed. This prototype is then deployed to control two parallel irrigation systems covering a total of more than 10,000 ft$^2$ for a duration of 5 weeks. It is shown that lawn health can be maintained by using the topography of the space to take advantage of runoff to provide improved coverage while using an average of 23.4\% less water. We also show that the initial capital and operating costs of our system could be amortized by our water savings in $~$13 months while maintaining and/or improving quality of irrigation and lawn health.
An anti-steroidogenic inhibitory primer pheromone in male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus).

Abstract Reproductive functions can be modulated by both stimulatory and inhibitory primer pheromones released by conspecifics. Many stimulatory primer pheromones have been documented, but relatively few inhibitory primer pheromones have been reported in vertebrates. The sea lamprey male sex pheromone system presents an advantageous model to explore the stimulatory and inhibitory primer pheromone functions in vertebrates since several pheromone components have been identified. We hypothesized that a candidate sex pheromone component, 7α, 12α-dihydroxy-5α-cholan-3-one-24-oic acid (3 keto-allocholic acid or 3kACA), exerts priming effects through the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis. To test this hypothesis, we measured the peptide concentrations and gene expressions of lamprey gonadotropin releasing hormones (lGnRH) and the HPG output in immature male sea lamprey exposed to waterborne 3kACA. Exposure to waterborne 3kACA altered neuronal activation markers such as jun and jun N-terminal kinase ( JNK ), and lGnRH mRNA levels in the brain. Waterborne 3kACA also increased lGnRH-III, but not lGnRH-I or -II, in the forebrain. In the plasma, 3kACA exposure decreased all three lGnRH peptide concentrations after 1 h exposure. After 2 h exposure, 3kACA increased lGnRH-I and -III, but decreased lGnRH-II peptide concentrations in the plasma. Plasma lGnRH peptide concentrations showed differential phasic patterns. Group housing condition appeared to increase the averaged plasma lGnRH levels in male sea lamprey compared to isolated males. Interestingly, 15α-hydroxyprogesterone (15α-P) concentrations decreased after prolonged 3kACA exposure (at least 24 h). To our knowledge, this is the only known synthetic vertebrate pheromone component that inhibits steroidogenesis in males.
The use of visual/verbal and physical mnemonics in the teaching of Korean Hangul in an authentic L2 classroom context

Abstract This article presents classroom-based research investigating the effects of using visual/verbal and physical mnemonics in the teaching of the Korean script, Hangul. The study compares the performances of two groups of learners: one group taught using mnemonics and one taught in the traditional way (through reference to the “design principles” of Hangul). Results show that the mnemonics group enjoyed significant advantages both on an immediate and a delayed test. This suggests that the memorisation advantages associated with mnemonics extend to alphabetic scripts such as Hangul, in addition to the logographic and syllabic scripts targeted in previous research. Moreover, the analysis shows that when used in authentic courses of study, mnemonics may have more long-term advantages than assumed in previous literature. In addition to out-performing the “design principles” group on the delayed test, the “mnemonics” group were shown to continue using the techniques at least 4/5 weeks after the instructio...
Influence of Interconnect Parasitics on the Lateral Scaling of SiGe Power HBTs

The influence of interconnect parasitics on the lateral scaling of emitter stripe width of large-area SiGe power heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are analytically studied and experimentally verified. It is found that, due to the increased parasitics along with the increase of device area, the maximum oscillation frequency (fmax ) of a power SiGe HBT cannot be improved monotonically with the shrinking of the emitter stripe width, which is different from the downscaling of the low-power (few emitter stripes) counterparts. Instead, the emitter stripe width of large-area devices ought to be appropriately up-scaled, relative to that of low-power devices, in order to optimize the RF performance of large-area SiGe power HBTs. It is also found that the influences of interconnect parasitics on the fmax and the power gain (Gmax) for common-emitter (CE) and for common-base (CB) SiGe power HBTs are different