cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mammary Tumors in a Colony of Beagle Dogs

In a lifetime study, female beagle dogs in a closed colony were administered 226radium and 90strontium. An unirradiated control group was included in the study. A total of 223 of 356 dogs at risk developed 1,112 mammary proliferative growths (hyperplastic nodules and neoplasms). There was no correlation between occurrence and types of lesions in radiation and control groups. The age range for first occurrence of lesions was 10.4 to 13.9 years; hyperplastic nodule and benign mixed tumor occurred 1 to 2 years earlier than other lesions. A multiplicity of growths of similar or different morphological type were common throughout the lifetime of the dog. The female beagles, collectively, developed 244 hyperplastic nodules, 78 adenomas, 694 benign mixed tumors, 78 carcinomas, 14 malignant mixed tumors, and four myoepitheliomas. Proliferations occurred with increasing frequency from the cranial to caudal mammary glands. Metastasis was found in 77% of the dogs with carcinoma. The median time from diagnosis to metastasis was 10 months, but was shorter in dogs with infiltrative carcinoma.
TOURISM, TOURISTS, AND ANTHROPOLOGISTS AT WORK

The anthropology of tourism is a relatively recent topic area within both academic and applied anthropology, having gotten its start in the 1960s and 1970s. Valene Smith's edited work Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism (1977) marks the beginning of the field as a serious academic concern. Since then it has grown rapidly. Anthropologists were (and some continue to be) ambivalent about studying tourists, but initially they were concerned with the impact of tourists and tourism on local communities, especially in rural regions. Much of the initial findings suggested that tourism generally had negative impacts on communities that had become tourist destinations. In this volume, the contributing authors were asked to reflect more on the positive and practical contributions of anthropology to the field of tourism studies and to the tourism industry itself. The authors in their various ways have successfully answered their charge. A brief synopsis of the 13 other papers in the volume is given.
Endoscopic removal of the Bravo pH capsule because of severe odynophagia

Purpose: Bravo pH monitoring is an innovative wireless system that allows ambulatory assessment of esophageal acid exposure using a radiotelemetery capsule. The device is attached to the distal esophagus by deployment of a locking pin through esophageal mucosa that has been pulled by suction into a small cup in the side of the capsule. Typically patients have minimal discomfort while the device is attached, and it eventually sloughs from the mucosa spontaneously. We reviewed clinical features and outcomes of patients who required endoscopic dislodgement of the device to determine predisposing characteristics and optimal methods for removal.
Activation and inhibition of human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase by organic phosphates, amino acids, dipeptides and anions

Abstract 1. 1.|Human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (ATP:pyruvate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) has been proposed to conform to the two state conformational model for allosteric enzymes of Monod, Wyman and Changeux. We have examined the kinetic properties of the enzyme in this light and where appropriate made comparative studies on the non-allosteric isozyme from rabbit muscle. 2. 2.|In the pH range from 7 to 8 at low phosphoenolpyruvate concentration the erythrocyte enzyme activity has a strong pH dependence. This behaviour is of practical concern in the conditions used for blood banking. 3. 3.|A number of intracellular organic phosphates were tested. The most likely physiological activators of the erythrocyte enzyme are glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-diphosphate. Conflicting reports on the effect of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on the enzyme appear due to differences in the magnesium concentration used in the assays. 4. 4.| l -Amino acids inhibit human erythrocyte pyruvic kinase in a pH and substrate-concentration dependent manner. Various alanine depeptides activate the erythrocyte enzyme, others inhibit. Dipeptides give only inhibition with the muscle enzyme. 5. 5.|Anions inhibit both enzymes. Inhibition of the erythrocyte enzyme is pH and substrate-concentration dependent. 6. 6.|All of these observations are consistent with alterations in the R ⇌ T equilibrium proposed for human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase.
Psychogenic movement disorders in children

A common problem in neurology is the existence of disorders that present with neurologic symptoms but do not have an identifiable neurologic basis. These disorders are often thought to have a psychologic basis. Abnormal movements are among the most frequent symptoms in psychogenic neurologic disorders. Although these disorders have not been studied extensively in children, clinical experience in our busy pediatric movement disorders clinic and many case reports support their existence in this age group. Elements of history, physical examination, and therapeutic intervention must be combined to construct a clear diagnosis of a psychogenic movement disorder. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders and includes two illustrative cases. Review of the current literature reveals a need for prospective trials to provide a solid foundation for better diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
Laser-noise-induced population fluctuations in two- and three-level systems

Significant fluctuations, above the shot-noise limit, have been observed in the intensity of fluorescent light scattered from atoms excited by an intense noisy laser, where a central role is played by the nonlinearity of the atom-field interaction. By considering the variance of the atomic populations, we show that ``noise spectroscopy'' is sensitive to the field statistics of the laser. We specifically consider the cases of resonance fluorescence (analogous in the weak-field limit to analysis by a Fabry-P\'erot interferometer), two-photon excitation, and double optical resonance for variable laser intensity and bandwidth. We show that large differences in the ``noise'' spectra can occur between lasers characterized by a phase-diffusion or a phase-jump model, although these models would give the same values for the mean atomic populations. We believe that observation of population fluctuations can become a useful method for characterizing laser noise.
Electrophilic superdelocalizability and carcinogenesis by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—Pullman theory

A correlation is shown between carcinogenic potency and K-region electrophilic superdelocalizability for a variety of aromatic compounds.
Invisible Waves of Technology: Ultrasound and the Making of Fetal Images

Since the introduction of ultrasound technology in the 1960s as a tool to visibly articulate the interiors of the pregnant body, feminist scholars across disciplines have provided extensive critique regarding the visual culture of fetal imagery. Central to this discourse is the position that fetal images occupy- as products of a visualizing technology that at once penetrates and severs pregnant and fetal bodies. This visual excision, feminist scholars describe, has led not only to an erasure of the female body from fetal images but also to an erasure of the pregnant body in social, political, and biomedical discourses. Vital to feminist scholarship is, thereby, an engagement with fetal images in ways that reinscribe the pregnant body onto fetal images and into political discourses pertaining to reproductive rights. In this paper, similar to the feminist aim, I am interested in engaging with fetal images as way to gain agency for pregnant women and their bodies. The critical question that I ask is: Can we conceive of medical technology in an embodied way -one that interacts organically, dynamically, and through multisensory dimensions with pregnant bodies? In attempting to answer this question, I turn to Bruno Latour and Gilles Deleuze’s articulations of how bodies and machines interact to produce visual fact.
Inside ownership beyond the IPO: the evolution of corporate ownership concentration

This study examines the firm's equity ownership by insiders and blockholders starting right after the firm goes public, its decline thereafter, and what alters the decline. Previous literature has shown the incentive of insiders to let their ownership fall after their initial public offering (IPO). After the IPO, management attains only a fraction of the benefits of good governance, so has an incentive to let inside ownership erode. We verify this, but examine the effect that re-entry into capital market via a seasoned equity offering (SEO) has on insider ownership. The incentive of management to hold stock is restored by a desire to raise additional capital because it implicitly raises management's stake. We show empirically that it raises insider stockholding relative to what it otherwise would have been, thus providing an avenue by which this aspect of corporate governance is improved. This, and other results, is shown with a sample of IPO firms during 1996 and 1997. Our findings indicate that, in expectation, the increased holdings due to re-entry into the capital market almost exactly offsets 1 year's downward trend in management shareholdings. Also, we find an interesting interplay between types of blockholders in that CEOs tend to hold less stock after the IPO if external blockholders initially hold more.
Thermodynamic estimate of the likelihood of life in the solar system.

Abstract Life is taken to be a property of open thermodynamic systems which reduce the entropy of compounds taken from the environment. To support entropy reducing processes an environment must increase the entropy of the universe with time, the greater such entropy production the greater the likelihood of life. The entropy production of the planets is determined by the difference in the entropy between incident solar photons and reradiated thermal photons. Mass transport, which is necessary for life, is estimated in terms of atmospheric mixing for the various planets. A number of miscellaneous characteristics are also considered. Earth appears most favorable for life. Mars probably has primitive thermodynamic life in the form of crystal growth. Life on the other bodies in the solar system appears unlikely.
Prednisolone Clearance: A Possible Determinant for Glucocorticoid Efficacy in Patients with Oral Vesiculo-erosive Diseases

The pharmacokinetics of prednisolone were determined in 12 patients with oral vesiculo-erosive diseases. The bioavailability of prednisone in these patients exhibited a low intersubject variability, while the metabolic clearance rate of total and of unbound prednisolone varied considerably from patient to patient.
Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Inhibitors in Parkinson's Disease

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors are a new therapeutic option in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease. COMT inhibitors act by extending the duration of action of levodopa, thus improving the amount of time a patient can experience benefit from levodopa. COMT inhibitors are only used in conjunction with levodopa. They do have a propensity to augment dopaminergic effects, such that levodopa doses might need to be adjusted downward. Other side effects of COMT inhibitors include diarrhea and liver function abnormalities. Due to the latter, recent guidelines have been developed to monitor patients on tolcapone for this rare side effect, and these guidelines will be discussed. This article also provides representative case histories for the appropriate use of COMT inhibitors that illustrate how these drugs can be used to manage patients with a fluctuating response to levodopa.
`Schizophrenic Person' or `Person with Schizophrenia'? An Essay on Illness and the Self

Most contemporary experts and mental health advocates would reject the term `schizophrenic', whether used as noun or adjective. The terminology they prefer—`person with schizophrenia'—seems safely ...
Characterization of mammalian ADP-ribosylation cycles

Abstract NAD: arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety from NAD to an arginine in an acceptor protein, whereas ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolases remove ADP-ribose, regenerating free arginine and completing an ADP-ribosylation cycle. A family of four mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases was isolated and characterized from turkey erythrocytes. Transferases from rabbit and human skeletal muscle were cloned. The muscle transferases are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and highly conserved across mammalian species. The rat T cell alloantigen RT6.2 has significant amino acid sequence identity to the muscle ADP-ribosyltransferase. Mammalian cells transformed with the RT6.2 coding region cDNA expressed NAD glycohydrolase activity. Sequences of RT6.2, rabbit muscle transferase and several of the bacterial toxin ADP-ribosyltransferases contain regions of amino acid similarity which, in the bacterial toxin ADP-ribosyltransferases, from the NAD-binding and active-site domains. ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase, initially purified from turkey erythrocytes, was cloned from rat, mouse, and human brain. Deduced amino acid sequences of the rat and mouse hydrolases were 94% identical with five conserved cysteines whereas the human hydrolase sequence was 83% identical to that of the rat, with four conserved cysteines. It is unclear how an intracellular hydrolase acts in concert with a surface ADP-ribosyltransferase.
Biobanking of Human Pancreas Cancer Tissue: Impact of Ex-Vivo Procurement Times on RNA Quality

Background Tissue banking has become a major initiative at many oncology centers. The influence of warm ex-vivo ischemia times, storage times, and biobanking protocols on RNA integrity and subsequent microarray data is not well documented.
The preferential income tax treatment of owner‐occupied housing: Who really benefits?

Abstract This article uses a model that includes an explicit measure of net implicit rental income to examine the size and distribution of the tax expenditure to owner‐occupied housing across and within homeowner income classes. The model is derived from 1989 American Housing Survey data. The analysis leads to three major conclusions. First, on net, the inclusion of net implicit income in the measure of homeowner tax savings adds a substantial amount to the estimated tax expenditure given to owner‐occupied housing. Second, the interaction of changes in the standard deduction and in the tax treatment of itemized nonhousing expenses has rendered the mortgage interest deduction worthless for many low‐ and moderate‐income households. Third, although most of the expenditure is distributed to high‐income households, the distributional effects of eliminating the expenditure to owner‐occupied housing depend on the manner in which these savings are distributed.
Women and the Republican Party, 1854-1924

An original and timely examination of women's long history of participating in partisan politics, "Women and the Republican Party, 1854-1924" explores the forces that propelled women to partisan activism in an era of widespread disfranchisement and provides a new perspective on how women fashioned their political strategies and identities before and after 1920. Melanie Susan Gustafson examines women's partisan history as part of the larger history of women's political culture. Contesting the accepted notion that women were uninvolved in political parties before they formally got the vote, Gustafson reveals the length and depth of women's partisan activism between the founding of the Republican party, whose abolitionist agenda captured the loyalty of many women, and the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment."Women and the Republican Party, 1854-1924" presents the complex interplay of partisan and nonpartisan activity, the fierce debates among women about the best way to make their influence felt, and the ebb and flow of enthusiasm for women's participation within the Republican party. Gustafson documents the emergence of third parties - in particular the Progressive party, which split off from the Republican party in 1912 - that fused the civic world of reform organizations with the electoral world of voting and legislation. She also profiles the leading women Republicans and activists, both familiar (Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Jane Addams, and Mary Church Terrell) and less well known (Anna Dickinson, Victoria Woodhull, Judith Ellen Foster, and Mary Ann Shadd Cary).
Surface Microlayer Enrichment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Southern Chesapeake Bay

Dissolved and particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in the surface microlayer (SM) of the York and Elizabeth River tributaries of Southern Chesapeake Bay throughout 1 year. Particle-associated PAH concentrations in the SM increased nonlinearly with total suspended particulate (TSP) levels, and a much more rapid rise in particulate PAHs with TSP was observed in the Elizabeth River vs the York River SM. The steep rise in particle-associated PAH concentrations along with observed nonequilibrium distributions of PAHs between the dissolved and particle phases in the Elizabeth River SM implies that atmospheric deposition of soot particles may be an important source of PAHs to this urban estuary. A significant relationship between dissolved PAHs and dis solved organic carbon (DOC) was also observed at the York River site, with the more hydrophilic PAHs exhibiting greater increases with DOC. PAHs were significantly enriched in the SM of both sites relative to the subsurface wat...
Current Status of the Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease and the Importance of Early Diagnosis: Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. L.F.M. Scinto and K.R. Daffner (Eds.). 2000. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. 359 pp., $99.50.

Alzheimer's disease—occurring upward of 15% of individuals age 65 and older—is the most prevalent age-related dementia. Since the late 1970s, neuropsychologists have been instrumental in identifying patterns of sparing and impairment of cognitive, sensory, and motor functions and rates of declines in selective functions. Anyone who has engaged in longitudinal study of AD and anyone of that large segment of the population with relatives suffering with AD has witnessed first-hand the relentless, irreversible demise of function and ultimate loss of dignity characteristic of AD's course. The approach of Scinto and Daffner's edited book, Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease , avoids rehashing the already established descriptions of AD and provides firm, scientific rationale for the meaningfulness of early and accurate diagnosis of AD despite its current dire prognosis and lack of effective medical treatment.
An implementation of capabilities on the PDP-11/45

This paper defines a capability implementation which uses the memory management hardware and the TRAP instruction of the higher members of the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11/XX (XX = 34, 45, 55, 70) to create a capability architecture processor. No modifications to hardware are necessary. The architecture created has a strong similarity to that of the Plessey 250. An operating system based on this architecture could provide a basis for implementation of highly reliable and secure software systems on a common and inexpensive minicomputer.
The Ground State of the Three-Dimensional Random-Field Ising Model

We prove that the three-dimensional Ising model in a random magnetic field exhibits long-range order at zero temperature and small disorder. Hence the lower critical dimension for this model is two (or less) and not three as has been suggested by some.
The theme of protagonist's intention versus actual outcome in the Canterbury Tales

(1983). The theme of protagonist's intention versus actual outcome in the Canterbury Tales. English Studies: Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 193-200.
The effect of high-dose salmon calcitonin on bone mineral metabolism in the normal rat.

The paucity of information on the effect of long-term high-dose salmon calcitonin administration on normal bone mineral metabolism and histology prompted an investigation of the influence of high-dose synthetic calcitonin in the rat. Serum ionized calcium, osteocalcin or BGP (bone gla protein), and immunoreactive PTH were measured serially during calcitonin administration and bone histomorphometry analyzed at 6 weeks (after sacrifice). Daily injections of salmon calcitonin, 0.4 IU/100 g (group B) and 2 IU/100 g (group C), resulted in significant hypocalcemia at 4 hours for both experimental groups (P<0.004). Serium iPTH was significantly higher over the study period for both groups administered calcitonin. Serum BGP levels were significantly lower than controls during the study in group C (P<0.002) and to a lesser extent in group B (P<0.05). In group C, bone histomorphometry revealed increased resorption (onteoclast count), decreased trabecular bone volume, and decreased double-labeled tetracycline surface (bone formation). In group B an increase in osteoclast count but no alteration in bone formation was observed. To assess the role of PTH in the above findings, high-dose calcitonin was administered to parathyroidectomized rats. All of the above changes in bone histomorphometry were not observed in this group of animals. In conclusion, high doses of calcitonin promote hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and osteoclastosis in the normal rat in a dose-dependent manner with very high-dose calcitonin impairing bone formation.
Density of Tunneling States and Potential Energy Landscapes of Glasses

Evidence of a correlation between the density of two-level systems and the fragility of glasses are presented for a variety of glasses. More fragile glasses tend to have higher excess low temperature specific heat (T < 1 K) and thus higher density of tunneling states. This correlation can be explained in terms of the different topography of potential energy landscapes between strong and fragile glasses in the configuration space. 97 Despite the success of the tunneling model of two-level systems (TLS) in ex­ plaining most of the low temperature properties of glasses, 1 ) the microscopic origins of tunneling states are still not known for almost all the glasses studied to date. One of the fundamental question is that what are the other key aspects of the materials that are closely related to the properties governed by TLS's. It was found that glass forming process or sample preparation procedure has direct effects to the low tem­ perature properties of glasses. 2 ), 3 ) Thus the relevant properties might be those that are related to glass transitions at which the structural disorder of the supercooled liquid is frozen in the materials. It was first recognized that an empirical correlation exists between glass transition temperature, T 9 , and the phonon mean free path derived from the low temperature thermal conductivity. 3 ), 4 ) Since the phonon mean free path is inversely proportional to the spectral density of TLS, 1 ) the relation im­ plies a correlation between the density of TLS's and T 9 . The correlation was tested in several glass systems undergoing systematically modification. 6 )- 8 ) Partial sup­ port was found in fluoride glasses, electrolyte glasses, water-doped nitrate glasses, and neutron-irradiated and doped silica glasses. 6 ), 7 ) But an extensive analysis of the density of TLS's and T 9 for a large number of different glasses yields no evidence to support the correlation, 8 ) and contradictory cases were found in alkali doped borate glasses. 9 ) It appears that although the correlation exists in some glasses undergoing systematic modification, there is no general dependence of the density of states of TLS on T 9 . 8 ), 9 )
Multiple sex pheromones of the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L.

AMONG insects known to use a sex pheromone, it is most common for one sex to respond to the chemical signal produced by the opposite sex1. Yet in some species, apparently both sexes respond to the pheromone2,3, and recently it has been shown, in a few cases at least, that the two sexes may produce distinct pheromones4,5. Tenebrio molitor has previously been regarded as a classic case: females excite and attract males by means of a sex pheromone6,7. There are several pheromones which mediate the reproductive behaviour and physiology of Tenebrio, and we have found that the males as well as the females produce sex pheromones. Furthermore, the male pheromones are of two distinct types: (1) an excitant which attracts females and (2) an ariti-aphrodisiac which inhibits the response of other males to female scent.
Solitary perforated diverticulum of the ascending colon: report of two cases.

Diverticulosis of the ascending colon is rare. Perforation of a diverticulum is very uncommon and at times it is difficult to differentiate from carcinoma. Two unusual cases of perforated solitary diverticula of the ascending colon are reported, and liter-ature is briefly reviewed.
Bimodal model of slurry viscosity with application to coal-slurries. Part 2. High shear limit behavior

It is shown that in a truly bimodal coal-water slurry the hydrodynamic interactions between the coarse particles impose on the fine fraction a shear rate higher than that applied externally by the viscometer walls. A semi-empirical function of the coarse volume fraction is obtained for this correction factor to the applied shear rate. The derivation of this shear correction factor is based on lubrication concepts and introduces the maximum packing fraction,om, at which flow can take place.om is obtainable from a simple dry packing experiment. It is shown that the contribution of the coarse particles to the viscosity rise can be successfully described by a viscosity model employing the same concepts used to derive the shear correction factor. The bimodal model is applied in the high shear limit to polymodal coal slurries with a continuous particle size distribution. In the model, the contribution of the coarse particles to the viscosity rise is taken from separate viscosity measurements for the coarse coal particles, while the contribution to the viscosity of the fine coal particles is taken to be that given by the measured viscosity of colloidal suspensions of monomodal rigid spheres. It is shown that there is a ratio of coarse to fine fraction volumes in the continuous size distribution, corresponding to a specific separating particle size, for which the measured viscosities of the polymodal slurries match almost perfectly over the whole solids volume fraction range with the viscosity values obtained using the bimodal approach. The match is found to be relatively insensitive to the precise value of the separating particle size.
Transport of Venusian rolling 'stones' by wind?

Simulations of Venusian wind processes are described which show that particles are moved by 'rolling' at wind speeds as much as 30 percent lower than those required for saltation threshold. This mode of wind transport is only observed for sustained periods in water on earth; thus, there are similarities between aqueous fluid transport on earth and atmospheric transport on Venus. The formation of small sand ridges and grooves oriented parallel to the wind direction is associated with the rolling of grains in Venusian simulations and these structures may be unique aeolian features on Venus.
Perturbation Theory of Fluids at High Temperatures

Perturbation theory is shown to give good agreement with Monte-Carlo results for fluids at high temperatures if the division of the intermolecular potential into its steep and small regions is done in the best way.
Distributed protocol for channel assignment in cognitive wireless sensor networks

Cognitive radios allow secondary users to use the underutilized spectrum. However, in the presence of a primary user, the unlicensed users must vacate the spectrum, leading to a decrease in network performance or even network partition. In this paper we address the problem of robust topology control in wireless sensor networks with the objective of assigning a sensor channel on each radio such that the resulting topology is robust to the presence of a primary user. That means that if a channel is reclaimed by a primary user, the resulting secondary user topology still preserves the connectivity between any two nodes. In this paper we propose a distributed algorithm for channel assignment which has low overhead and is scalable with the number of sensor nodes. We analyze the performance of our algorithm using ns-3 simulations.
Posterior capsule folds and removal of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the relationship between posterior capsule folds and an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) during cataract surgery. Setting Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, Texas, USA. Methods A prospective observational study of 91 consecutive uneventful cataract extractions by phacoemulsification was performed. The presence or absence of posterior capsule folds was noted immediately after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and after OVD removal. Results Posterior capsule folds were present in 21 of 49 cases (43%) with an MA60BM lens (Alcon Laboratories) and in 1 of 42 cases (2%) with an SA30AL lens. In the MA60BM group with folds, the folds were noted before OVD removal in 14 cases and after OVD removal in 16 cases. There was no significant difference in age, sex, axial length, horizontal corneal diameter, or IOL power between groups with and without posterior capsule folds. Conclusion The presence of posterior capsule folds does not reliably signify the complete removal of OVDs.
Effects of a Deep‐Level Impurity on Optical Transitions of Quantum‐Well Heterostructures

We investigate the effects of a deep impurity center, modeled by a δ-function potential, on the optical transitions of semiconductor quantum wells. Both the exciton binding energy and the oscillator strength are calculated as functions of the strength and the center location of the potential, in an attempt to understand the photoluminescence of transition-metal-impurity-doped semiconductor quantum confined structures. The calculation shows that a positive impurity placed near the wall of a quantum well can increase the luminescence of the quantum well; a negative impurity can greatly raise the luminescence of quantum wells if it is placed in a suitable spatial range, but it is difficult to use as a dopant from the point of view of device fabrication.
Quartz Tuning Forks as Cryogenic Vacuum Gauges

We report measurements of the mechanical $$Q$$ of a 32.7 kHz quartz tuning fork as a function of pressure for helium and argon at T $$=$$ 300 K and for helium in the temperature range 7.0–0.7 K. In the low pressure ballistic regime, the damping due to the surrounding gas is inversely proportional to $$P$$ , while for higher pressures, a hydrodynamic treatment accounts for most of the variation of $$Q$$ with $$P$$ . We have combined the ballistic and hydrodynamic models together with calculations of the thermal transpiration correction to correlate the tuning fork $$Q$$ at low temperature with the pressure measured with a room temperature pressure gauge. The fork was found to be useful as an in situ pressure gauge for pressures above $$\sim $$ 0.1 mTorr. A dissipation peak and frequency drop associated with the superfluid transition in the adsorbed helium film is also observed for $$T<1.4$$ K.
Lecithin treatment of cognitively impaired Parkinson's patients

. To test the effects of lecithin on cognitive deficits associated with Parkinson's disease, sixteen elderly and mentally-impaired outpatients with Parkinson's disease participated in a 9-week double-blind placebo-controlled study. Each patient took a daily dose of approximately 32 g of a commercial lecithin preparation containing 25% phosphatidylcholine, or an equivalent amount of powdered skim milk placebo. Marked clinical improvement was not observed, but some indications of a positive treatment effect were obtained on memory, cognition, and motility tests.
Emotion Mediates Distrust of Persons with Mental Illnesses

The current research examined how a label of mental illness affects evaluations of trust. Literature on the stigma of mental illness reveals that stigmatized groups are the subjects of out-group derogation. Considering that the construct of trust is associated with prosocial behavior, it follows that the social hardships stigmatized groups face develop from distrust. Four experiments examined the role of trust in stigma. In Experiment 1, participants judged targets labeled as having a mental illness as less trustworthy than targets described without a mental illness. Experiment 2 demonstrated that different mental illnesses were associated with varying levels of distrust. Experiment 3 determined that affect mediated the relationship between mental illness and trust. Experiment 4 confirmed the results using an expanded population sample, allowing for more confidence in the generalizability of the findings. These data demonstrate the importance of addressing distrust and its associated consequences.
Ascorbic Acid Staining of Scorbutic Guinea Pig Incisors

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUATINCTURATION PRO ACIDO ASCORBIC DE INCISORES AB PORCOS DE INDIA CON SCORBUTO.—Esseva. testate le technica de tincturation a nitrato de argento pro le demonstration de sitos de acido ascorbic in incisores ab porcos de India in stato normal e con scorbuto. Esseva etiam tincturate le cortice adrenal como mesura de verification del fidelitate del tinctura. Esseva constatate que le continue ingestion de acido ascorbic es necessari pro un dentinogenese normal. Isto es reflectite per le odontoblastos in le presentia de un defective dentinogenese in le stato a carentia de vitamina C. II pare que acido ascorbic es minus nettemente necessari in le cementoblastos e le activitate osteoblastic in le stato scorbutic.
THYROID IN B-12 DEFICIENT CHICK EMBRYOS1

AN ENLARGED thyroid gland was observed in B-12 deficient chick embryos during the study of the pathologic changes associated with this deficiency (1, 2). The extreme enlargement of the gland was not apparent when vitamin B-12 was injected either parenterally into the hens maintained on the low B-12 diet or when injected directly into the eggs prior to incubation (1). The pathologic changes in the thyroid of these B-12 deficient embryos are now reported.
A broadband, high-resolution spatial heterodyne spectrometer

Design and performance parameters of a broadband, high-resolution spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) with a transmitting beamsplitter are described. This Mark 1 SHS achieves more than a factor of five in continuous wavenumber coverage with a resolving power in hundreds of thousands. Progress toward an all reflection, broadband, high-resolution Mark 2 SHS is reported.
NASH resolution is associated with improvements in HDL and triglyceride levels but not improvement in LDL or non-HDL-C levels.

Background Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Detection and characterization of differences in plasma corticoid response to treatments.

Abstract Ten experiments involving 3013 observations and 103 animals were studied to characterize variation associated with bovine plasma corticoid concentrations (ng/ml). Total corticoids, corticosterone, or Cortisol were measured by competitive protein binding assay. Animals were noncystic or cystic, and measurements were made to establish basal concentrations or to estimate response to stimulation by adrenocorticotrophic hormone injection. Data were analyzed by least squares with the nested model: treatment regimen, animal in treatment, sample in animal in treatment, and sampling time to the highest order of regression (up to seventh) which was statistically significant (P
Prolonged Mechanical Support in Children With Severe Adenoviral Infections: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Adenovirus infections occur primarily in infants and children less than 5 years of age, accounting for 2% to 5% of respiratory illnesses in the pediatric population and 4% to 10% of childhood pneumonias. Although the majority of children with adenovirus disease develop mild upper respiratory tract disease, more severe disease may occur with involvement of the lower respiratory tract characterized by pneumonitis and/or small airways disease. The authors present a case series of 3 high-risk children with severe lower respiratory tract adenoviral infections. These cases demonstrate the potential for the development of severe respiratory involvement from adenovirus in infants and children with comorbid conditions and illustrate that there may be a rapid progression of the disease as well as the need, in selected circumstances, for prolonged mechanical support. We review the role of adenovirus in lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children, its potential to result in life-threatening complications in pediatric patients with comorbid conditions, and the potential life-saving role of mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in these children.
Nondestructive evaluation of materials using pulsed microwave interrogating signals and acoustic wave induced reflections

A class of inverse problems is formulated for the estimation of material dielectric parameters using reflections of pulsed microwave interrogating signals from moving acoustic interfaces in the dielectric. A model for acoustic pressure dependence of material constitutive parameters in Maxwell's equations is presented and analysed. Theoretical and computational findings for approximation and estimation are given.
Getting the dose–response wrong: why hormesis became marginalized and the threshold model accepted

The dose–response relationship is central to the biological and biomedical sciences. During the early decades of the twentieth century consensus emerged that the most fundamental dose–response relationship was the threshold model, upon which scientific, health and medical research/clinical practices have been based. This paper documents that the scientific community made a fundamental error on the nature of the dose response in accepting the threshold model and in rejecting the hormetic-biphasic model, principally due to conflicts with homeopathy. Not only does this paper detail the underlying factors leading to this dose response decision, but it reveals that the scientific community never validated the threshold model throughout the twentieth century. Recent findings indicate that the threshold model poorly predicts responses in the low dose zone whereas its dose response “rival”, the hormesis model, has performed very well. This analysis challenges a key foundation upon which biological, biomedical and clinical science rest.
Effects of starvation and oviposition activity on the reproductive physiology of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

. We examined the effects of starvation and oviposition on the reproductive physiology of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). In a first set of experiments, females were starved as well as denied the opportunity to oviposit. The combined amounts of vitellogenin and vitellin per female increased by 69% when they were removed from plants for 24 h, egg load increased two-fold in approximately 4.5 h. The lipid content, on the other hand, decreased significantly over an 8 h perod. Thus, vitellogenin synthesis and the formation of mature eggs do not seem to be limited by the lack of nutrient intake or the ability to oviposit. In a second set of experiments, females were restricted to either young leaves of melon plants (Cumis melo), that are preferred oviposition sites, or to old melon leaves, that are non-preferred oviposition sites. At the end of the experiment, females on the old leaves contained significantly higher amounts of vitellogenins and vitellins than females confined to young leaves. These comparisons were made relative to body weight. The data also indicate that females accumulated both vitellogenins and lipids when confined to old leaves, but did not do so on young leaves. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that females of B. tabaci explicitly discriminate against older leaves for oviposition. We argue that examinations of changes in egg load or the combined vitellogenin and vitellin content that accompany oviposition can provide better insights into the oviposition behaviour of B. tabaci.
The possible value of certain cells for the propagation of respiratory viruses

A strain of HeLa cells, L 132 cells and roller tube cultures of human embryo respiratory epithelium were compared with standard laboratory systems for the propagation of certain rhinoviruses, parainfluenza viruses and some others.
Surface recombination in spin-polarized hydrogen: Where does the heat go?

Abstract The recombination of two hydrogen atoms to the molecular state is the most energetic chemical reaction per unit mass known. The heat released from such recombination has so far made it impossible to cool a gas of spin-polarized hydrogen (H↓) into the regime of quantum degeneracy. To better understand this problem, we have studied 2nd-order surface recombination in an absorbed gas of H↓ from the standpoint of heat distribution. We have measured an upper bound on the fraction F of the total recombination energy which is deposited locally on the surface at the point of recombination.
Queuing Models To Balance Systems With Excess Supply

Many manufacturing and service activities can be modeled using queuing theory. The optimization of the long-run solution to imbalances between supply and demand is very important to established businesses. This paper presents a family of queuing models that minimize the expected total cost incurred when restoring equilibrium to a stochastic system that has become unstable due to changes in the environmental parameters affecting its behavior. Analytical expressions for the expected total cost in terms of a policy parameter are derived from which numerically-savvy users can obtain the policy that minimizes the expected total cost. To determine the model parameters that most affect the optimal policy and to facilitate the determination of near-optimal policies, exact solutions were found for a large number of scenarios and then used to fit a regression model. The resulting regression equation can be used by practitioners to find policy parameters that approximately minimize the expected total cost due to imbalances in supply and demand.
Almost Everything for the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy: A Review of “Neuropsychology of Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery”

Lee, G. (2010). Neuropsychology of Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery. New York: Oxford University Press. 376 pp. $45.00. ISBN-10: 0195372506 (paperback). The book Neuropsychology of Epilepsy and Epilep...
Genome Sequence of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Strain KOS

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain KOS has been extensively used in many studies to examine HSV-1 replication, gene expression, and pathogenesis. Notably, strain KOS is known to be less pathogenic than the first sequenced genome of HSV-1, strain 17. To understand the genotypic differences between KOS and other phenotypically distinct strains of HSV-1, we sequenced the viral genome of strain KOS. When comparing strain KOS to strain 17, there are at least 1,024 small nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 172 insertions/deletions (indels). The polymorphisms observed in the KOS genome will likely provide insights into the genes, their protein products, and the cis elements that regulate the biology of this HSV-1 strain.
Scattering by 2d strips using an asymptotic hybrid formulation combining the method‐of‐moments and physical‐optics techniques

Frequency-domain plane-wave scattering from perfectly conducting two-dimensional strips is analyzed by a hybrid formulation combining the method of moments (MOM) and physical optics (PO). Asymptotic techniques are employed to evaluate many of the impedance matrix integrals. Comparisons are made with other MOM algorithms. A significant reduction in CPU time is achieved. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transverse Oscillations Damping with Wide-Band Feedback on Spear II

With its high peak currents, SPEAR II is likely to show transverse coherent oscillations. A closed loop system using the beams as a signal path detects the bunches' center-of-mass motion and reacts on the beams after one machine period with a set of traveling wave electrodes. The detector senses oscillations at the betatron frequency and rejects signals due to equilibrium orbit shifts. The amplifier output is solely determined by the desired gain and the detector noise. Since, for a given machine tune, the system's phase margin can be made 90° by selecting the respective location of the pickup and feedback electrodes, stability is secured for all values of gain. However, one shows that critical damping cannot be obtained except with infinite gain, and that the system's damping rate is strictly equal to the gain per turn. Measurements of the loop gain have been carried out and agree with the observed damping. To date the system has been successful in dealing with injection oscillations and headtail instabilities.
Tunable and Wireless Photoimpedance Light Sensor

We report on the effects of the frequency dispersion in light sensitive materials used in photoimpedance wireless sensors. An example of such a sensor is a gated semiconductor connecting two or more fixed capacitances. The impedance of the device under illumination is changed by the change in the photoresistance of the semiconductor layer and the change in the gate-semiconductor capacitance. We report on the design and simulation of the frequency dispersion of the impedance of this device in silicon and discuss the physics and device performance. We also evaluate the dynamic range and sensitivity of the wireless photoimpedance sensors and show their advantages for wireless sensing applications compared to more conventional light sensors.
Regional welfare loss meaures of the 1973 oil embargo: a numerical methods approach

(1987). Regional welfare loss meaures of the 1973 oil embargo: a numerical methods approach. Applied Economics: Vol. 19, No. 10, pp. 1317-1327.
Nursing as a Learning Discipline: A Call to Action

The advent of the electronic health record and numerous mobile, wireless tools with the capacity to capture, store, and transmit prodigious amounts of data, both using and creating evidence-based content and analytics for clinical decision support, requires that all care providers rethink approaches to care delivery. The nursing profession is called to acutely appreciate and support the vision of documentation systems that provide optimal decision support at the point of care, represent nursing knowledge, and are also capable of capturing care delivery outcomes that can be used to inform future care and improve the health of the public.
Inbreeding depression does not increase in foreign environments: a field experimental study

Early successional species often disperse to novel environments, and if they are selfing, this dispersal will frequently be carried out by inbred individuals. If inbred immigrants are less likely to successfully establish populations than outbred immigrants, dispersal will be less effective and mating system evolution will favour outcrossing. I performed a reciprocal transplant of inbred and outbred plants grown in native and foreign planting sites to test the hypothesis that inbred immigrants had lower fitness. Inbreeding within populations was estimated with allozyme loci to confirm that the populations were inbred. While inbred and outbred plants had significantly lower fitness in foreign habitats, inbreeding depression was of similar magnitude at native sites and foreign habitats. There was no significant difference between inbred and outbred plants at foreign sites of the native habitat. Populations appear to be highly selfing, yet there is an advantage to outcrossing in both the native environment and foreign environments. The implications of this advantage with respect to mating system evolution may depend on whether novel environments are occupied or unoccupied.