cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-scale traffic safety and operational performance study of large trucks on mountainous interstate highway

In addition to multi-vehicle accidents, large trucks are also prone to single-vehicle accidents on the mountainous interstate highways due to the complex terrain and fast-changing weather. By integrating both historical data analysis and simulations, a multi-scale approach is developed to evaluate the traffic safety and operational performance of large trucks on mountainous interstate highways in both scales of individual vehicle as well as traffic on the whole highway. A typical mountainous highway in Colorado is studied for demonstration purposes. Firstly, the ten-year historical accident records are analyzed to identify the accident-vulnerable-locations (AVLs) and site-specific critical adverse driving conditions. Secondly, simulation-based single-vehicle assessment is performed for different driving conditions at those AVLs along the whole corridor. Finally, the cellular-automaton (CA)-based simulation is carried out to evaluate the multi-vehicle traffic safety as well as the operational performance of the traffic by considering the actual speed limits, including the differential speed limits (DSL) at some locations. It is found that the multi-scale approach can provide insightful and comprehensive observations of the highway performance, which is especially important for mountainous highways.
OH and CH profiles in a 10 Torr methane / oxygen flame: experiment and flame modeling

Abstract Relative ground state CH and OH concentrations and OH rotational temperatures have been obtained in a premixed, 10 Torr, CH 4 /O 2 flame, at an equivalence ratio of 0.9 using laser-induced fluorescence. Experimental results are compared to a flame modeling calculation incorporating a published chemical kinetic mechanism. Agreement between the experimental and calculated OH profile is excellent. The calculation closely approximates the location of the experimental CH concentration maximum and the width of the CH profile. The flame model indicates that even though the flame front is clearly separated from the burner, a significant amount of reaction occurs at and below the burner surface. These reactions are driven by highly reactive radical species diffusing from the flame front.
Influence of Food and Fluid Volume on Chlorothiazide Bioavailability: Comparison of Plasma and Urinary Excretion Methods

The bioavailability of chlorothiazide from oral tablets was examined under fasting and nonfasting conditions in healthy male volunteers. Bioavailability was determined from urinary excretion data and plasma chlorothiazide concentrations. Two fasting treatments and one nonfasting treatment yielded similar plasma chlorothiazide profiles, characterized by sharply ascending and descending segments until 12–13 hr postdosing, followed by a prolonged period with variable and erratic chlorothiazide levels. A triexponential function that adequately described mean data from each treatment could not be applied to individual plasma curves because of their variable nature. Chlorothiazide absorption was not influenced by different accompanying water volumes in fasted individuals but was doubled when tablets were administered immediately after a standard meal. Urinary excretion of chlorothiazide correlated well with plasma drug concentrations; 48-hr urinary recovery accounted for 24.7% of a 500-mg dose in nonfasted subjects compared to 12.3 and 14.9% in fasted subjects receiving the drug with 20 and 250 ml of water, respectively. Observed relationships between chlorothiazide dosage and absorption efficiency are consistent with previous suggestions that chlorothiazide absorption from the GI tract is saturable and site specific.
Impregnation as a technique for measuring zero porosity modulus of porous materials

Abstract The validity of the equation E = E 01 exp(-bP) is tested. This relates Young's modulus of a porous body to its porosity; E 01 represents the modulus of the zero porosity material and can be determined by extrapolation. Impregnation of the porous body with sulphur, and use of the Reuss equation provides an alternate method for determining E 01 . Both methods are applied for seven different portland cement systems. The results differ from each other by 5 to 23 per cent.
The Q1 deflection of the electrocardiogram in bundle branch block and axis deviation

An initial downward, or Q, deflection in Lead I is very uncommon in human left branch block. When this component occurs in an electrocardiogram otherwise characteristic of this conduction defect, a lesion of the ordinary muscle of the ventricular septum should be suspected, and a full set of precordial leads should be taken. A Q deflection in Lead I occurs in about one-half of all cases of left axis deviation, regardless of the criteria employed in selecting examples of this electrocardiographic abnormality. Left axis deviation accompanied by inversion of the T waves in Lead I may sometimes be due to incomplete left bundle branch block when Q1 is absent, but it is almost never due to this cause when this deflection is present. The incidence of Q1 in right branch block is similar to its incidence in left axis deviation. In right axis deviation, this deflection is extremely rare.
Growths of the gingiva and palate. I. Chronic inflammatory lesions

Abstract 1. 1. An attempt was made to study and classify all gingival growths collected in the Department of Pathology and Department of Oral Pathology in a ten-year period. Gingival growths make up 21.5 per cent of all oral lesions and 1.4 per cent of operative specimens sent to the Department of Pathology for diagnosis. 2. 2. There is a sex predilection, 63 per cent of the growths being in females. The lesions occur more frequently on the maxilla than on the mandible. These lesions are most common during the fourth and fifth decades; however, age affects the type of the growth. 3. 3. The chronic inflammatory hypertrophy is the most prevalent growth found on the gingivae; 26 per cent of all cases studied were inflammatory hypertrophies. It occurred more frequently in females, and was situated more commonly on the maxilla. 4. 4. Scar tissue (denture injury tumor) and pyogenic granuloma were the other two inflammatory lesions found on the gingiva. The sex incidence of both was similar to that of chronic inflammation. However, scar tissue occurred later in life than pyogenic granuloma and chronic inflammation.
Superior Performance of Nanofluids in an Automotive Radiator

This study compares the performance of three different nanofluids containing aluminum oxide, copper oxide, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles dispersed in the same base fluid, 60:40 ethylene glycol and water by mass, as coolant in automobile radiators. The computational scheme adopted here is the effectiveness-number of transfer unit (e − NTU) method encoded in matlab. Appropriate correlations of thermophysical properties for these nanofluids developed from measurements are summarized in this paper. The computational scheme has been validated by comparing the results of pumping power, convective heat transfer coefficients on the air and coolant side, overall heat transfer coefficient, effectiveness and NTU, reported by other researchers. Then the scheme was adopted to compute the performance of nanofluids. Results show that a dilute 1% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles performs better than higher concentration. It is proven that at optimal conditions of operation of the radiator, under the same heat transfer basis, a reduction of 35.3% in pumping power or 7.4% of the surface area can be achieved by using the Al2O3 nanofluid. The CuO nanofluid showed slightly lower magnitudes than the Al2O3 nanofluid, with 33.1% and 7.2% reduction for pumping power or surface area respectively. The SiO2 nanofluid showed the least performance gain of the three nanofluids, but still could reduce the pumping power or area by 26.2% or 5.2%. The analysis presented in this paper was used for an automotive radiator but can be extended to any liquid to gas heat exchanger.
MIDAS: a framework for integrated design and manufacturing process

In this paper, we present a development of a framework for managing design and manufacturing process in a distributed environment. The framework offers the following facilities: (1) to represent the complicated engineering design processes (2) to coordinate design activities and execute the process in a distributed environment and (3) to support a collaborative design by sharing data and processes. In this paper, the process flow graphs, which consist in tasks and the corresponding input and output data, are used to depict the engineering design process on a process modeling browser. The engineering activities in the represented processes can be executed in a distributed environment through the cockpit of the framework. The communication among the related engineers to support a collaborative design is made on the collaborative design browser with SML underlying data structures of representing process information to make the framework extensible and platform- independent. The formal and flexible approach of the proposed framework to integrate the engineering design processes can be also effectively applied to coordinate concurrent engineering activities in a distributed environment.
A Theory of Inclusion Debonding and its Influence on the Stress-Strain Relations of a Ductile Matrix Composite

The progressive debonding process and its influence on the overall elastoplastic response of a two-phase, ductile composite containing aligned oblate inclusions are examined as a function of inclusion shape and concentration, and the interfacial strength. The theory developed is based upon a Weibull statistical function to describe the probability of debonding, and Qiu and Weng's (1992) energy approach to determine the internal stress state of the inclusions and the homogenized plastic state of the ductile matrix. The axisymmetric loading condition-in the form of U22 = a33 = (3a -is studied in detail, including the dependence of 0 on the aspect ratio of inclusions and their concentration to produce a purely hydrostatic tensile state in the inclusions. It is shown that the stress-strain curve of the debonding system always starts out with that of a perfectly bonded composite, then deviates from it, and finally approaches that of a porous material containing similarly aligned voids. It is also found that co...
Real polarization of the moduli space of flat connections on a Riemann surface

We prove that the moduli space of flatSU(2) connections on a Riemann surface has a real polarization, that is, a foliation by lagrangian subvarieties. This polarization may provide an alternative quantization of the Chern-Simons gauge theory in higher genus, in line with the results of [11] for genus one.
Lactation and Menstruation in Cultural Perspective

This article argues that knowledge of the preindustrial reproductive cycle is necessary for an understanding of development and change in womens roles. A review of recent findings in the physiology of lactation especially those concerning the association between frequency of suckling and prolactin release the milk-ejection reflex and the duration of lactational amenorrhea in different populations provides some of this information. Lactational amenorrhea would be the most probable reproductive state for preindustrial women with an average duration of 1 year per pregnancy followed by pregnancy and finally by menstruation which would occupy less than 1/4 of the preindustrial womans reproductive span. The relative amounts of time spent in different states would be affected by celibacy abortion and miscarriage infant mortality contraception some types of infertility separation of spouses suckling frequency and other factors. Weakening of the "transition period" the period after birth when the infant is still completely dependent on its mother for sustenance has numerous cultural correlates and is a sensitive indicator of the social change accompanying industrialization. An example from a coal mining village in Taiwan illustrates an initial stage in the decline of lactation with industrialization. It is suggested that so much has been written by anthropologists about menstrual symbols and customs because menstruation has been regarded as an unusual state while lactation except in modern western societies has been universally perceived to be a normal state. The concept is introduced that amenorrhea represents a "with child" state such states being the rule for preindustrial women. The preindustrial reproductive cycle suggests that continuous menstrual cycling is not a natural attribute of the human female.
Migrations and Schooling

Mass migration is the human face of globalization. Where immigrant workers are summoned, families and children will follow. The great global migration wave of the past generation has generated a powerful demographic echo. Nearly all the high-income countries of the world are experiencing substantial growth in their immigrant-origin student populations. Concurrently, globalization is placing new demands on education systems the world over. As a consequence, schooling systems are facing something they never faced before: educating large and growing numbers of immigrant-origin youth to greater levels of competence and skill at a time of economic upheaval and cultural malaise. This article reviews the basic scholarship in anthropology and allied fields with a focus on language, transnationalism, poverty, segregation, undocumented status, and racialization as they structure the academic pathways of immigrant-origin youth in a variety of destinations.
Microfluidic bioassay to characterize parasitic nematode phenotype and anthelmintic resistance.

With increasing resistance to anti-parasitic drugs, it has become more important to detect and recognize phenotypes of resistant isolates. Molecular methods of detecting resistant isolates are limited at present. Here, we introduce a microfluidic bioassay to measure phenotype using parameters of nematode locomotion. We illustrate the technique on larvae of an animal parasite Oesophagostomum dentatum. Parameters of sinusoidal motion such as propagation velocity, wavelength, wave amplitude, and oscillation frequency depended on the levamisole-sensitivity of the isolate of parasitic nematode. The levamisole-sensitive isolate (SENS) had a mean wave amplitude of 135 μm, which was larger than 123 μm of the levamisole-resistant isolate (LEVR). SENS had a mean wavelength of 373 μm, which was less than 393 μm of LEVR. The mean propagation velocity of SENS, 149 μm s−1, was similar to LEVR, 143 μm s−1. The propagation velocity of the isolates was inhibited by levamisole in a concentration-dependent manner above 0.5 μM. The EC50 for SENS was 3 μM and the EC50 for LEVR was 10 μM. This microfluidic technology advances present-day nematode migration assays and provides a better quantification and increased drug sensitivity. It is anticipated that the bioassay will facilitate study of resistance to other anthelmintic drugs that affect locomotion.
Progression of renal tumors after laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation.

Abstract Objectives To describe 2 patients with tumor progression after treatment with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). RFA is a minimally invasive, Food and Drug Administration-approved technique used to treat solid organ tumors. However, few studies of RFA treatment failure have been reported. Methods As a part of an institutional review board-approved protocol, nine renal tumors were ablated with RFA during a 2-year period. Patients enrolled on the protocol were assigned to one of two arms—ablate and resect and ablate and follow-up—depending on the patient’s health, tumor characteristics, and tumor location and size. The average tumor size was 4.5 cm in the largest dimension, and the tumors were accessed percutaneously using computed tomography or ultrasound guidance, with direct laparoscopic visualization or through an open incision for concomitant nephrectomy. Postoperative follow-up examinations occurred at 3-month intervals for 2 years using serial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Results Two patients (22%) in the ablate and follow-up arm of the study experienced significant tumor progression less than 1 year after RFA. One tumor increased in size by 20% and the other quadrupled in size and developed a renocolic fistula. This is the first reported case of a renocolic fistula after RFA of a renal tumor. Both patients subsequently underwent radical nephrectomy with the final pathologic results showing renal cell carcinoma. Conclusions Rapid tumor progression and renocolic fistula formation are possible complications of RFA. This treatment requires close and aggressive follow-up to ensure complete eradication of the renal lesion.
Exploiting causal structure in the refined diagnosis of condition systems

A condition system is a collection of Petri nets that interact with each other and the external environment through condition signals. Some of these condition signals may be unobservable. In previous work, fault diagnosis was defined in terms of observed behavior versus expected behavior of subsystem models, where the expected behavior is defined through condition system models, and approximate methods were presented for detection and diagnosis. We have also presented a method to determine a best possible diagnosis within the constraints of observability. However this method requires significant state space exploration. In this paper, we wish to exploit the causal structure imposed on the system by a partition of subsystem models in order to reduce (in certain situations) the amount of work required to perform a diagnosis.
Immigration, Nationalism, and Human Rights

Abstract: Michael Walzer and David Miller defend the authority of democratic states to determine who will be allowed entry and membership. In support of this view they have claimed that the domestic solidarity necessary for social justice is threatened by the unregulated influx of outsiders. This empirical thesis proves to be false when applied to the United States, where heavy Latino and Latina immigration is more likely to increase civic solidarity than to diminish it. Seen in this light, the positions of Jurgen Habermas and Carol Gould, giving human rights priority over democratic sovereignty in decisions about membership, cannot be criticized as utopian. Liberal philosophers can also defend open borders as a way to give oppressed peoples representation inside powerful countries where state decisions often threaten access to essential resources and basic freedoms in their home countries.
Modeling of waves generated by a moving submerged body. Applications to underwater landslides

In this work, a boundary element model of an underwater landslide is developed. Careful gridding and time stepping techniques are demonstrated that produce highly accurate simulation results based on conservation of volume. A sensitivity analysis shows how to optimize simulation accuracy. The general techniques demonstrated herein are applicable to arbitrary moving submerged bodies.
Modeling transactional memory workload performance

Transactional memory promises to make parallel programming easier than with fine-grained locking, while performing just as well. This performance claim is not always borne out because an application may violate a common-case assumption of the TM designer or because of external system effects. In order to help programmers assess the suitability of their code for transactional memory, this work introduces a formal model of transactional memory as well as a tool, called Syncchar. Syncchar can predict the speedup of a conversion from locks to transactions within 25% for the STAMP benchmarks. Because getting good performance from transactions is more difficult than commonly appreciated, developers need tools to tune transactional performance.
Experimental study of disturbances produced in a pre-transitional laminar boundary layer by weak freestream turbulence

The high-amplitude, low-frequency, disturbances generated in a Blasius boundary layer by grid-produced freestream turbulence were studied by means of hot-wire anemometry and by flow visualization. Emphasis was placed on determining the cause and nature of these, and on their effect upon the mean flow profile. It was found that the motion in the layer was intrinsically three-dimensional, according to which the fronts, of Tollmien-Schlichting waves became warped. Evidence of streamwise vorticity was noted. At Reynolds numbers near 1.6 million, the maximum attained, sharp velocity gradients appeared locally. With increase of grid size, there appeared turbulent spots which were wider than the coherence scale of the background motion.
Armed Groups and Sexual Violence: When Is Wartime Rape Rare?

This article explores a particular pattern of wartime violence, the relative absence of sexual violence on the part of many armed groups. This neglected fact has important policy implications: If s...
Nonlinear Dimension Reduction and Activation Detection for fMRI Dataset

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been established as a powerful method for brain mapping. Different physical phenomena contribute to the dynamical changes in the fMRI signal, the task-related hemodynamic responses, non-task-related physiological rhythms, machine and motion artifacts, etc. In this paper, we propose a new approach for fMRI data analysis. Each fMRI time series is viewed as a point in RT . We are interested in learning the organization of the points in high dimensions and extracting useful information for data classification. A nonlinear manifold learning technique is applied to obtain a low dimensional embedding of a dataset. The embedding differentiates time series with different temporal patterns. By assuming that the subset of activated time series forms a low dimensional structure, we partition the dataset and separate subsets of points with low dimensionality. The correspondence between low dimensional subsets and time series that contain task-related responses is verified and the activation maps are generated accordingly. The proposed approach is data-driven. It does not require a model for the hemodynamic response. We have conducted several experiments with synthetic and in-vivo datasets that demonstrate the performance of our approach.
Analytical design of permanent-magnet traction-drive motors

This paper presents an analytical method for the design of permanent-magnet (PM) traction-drive motors with emphasis on calculation of the magnet's volume and size. The method uses a set of formulas to properly size the magnets without the high effort of finite-element analysis (FEA). The formulas not only give optimized magnet sizes, but also provide quick solutions for the preliminary designs. The method can be used in the initial design stage to set up the base for FEA and optimization, as well as throughout the entire design and optimization process to validate a PM motor design. Numerical methods and experiments confirm the accuracy of the proposed method.
Cultural influences on dementia recognition and management.

Changes in the ethnic and racial landscape among the elderly in the United States suggest that ethnic minority populations will bear an increased share of the economic and social burden associated with diseases that predominantly affect the elderly, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other progressive dementias. The US Census Bureau estimates that the proportion of elders who are white and non-Hispanic will decline from 87% (in 1990) to 67% in 2050. By the year 2010, the population of Hispanic elders is expected to double and will be 11 times greater by 2050. Of the 80.1 million elderly projected for 2050, 8.4 million (10.4%) will be black, compared with 8% of elders in 1990. Cross-cultural dementia research may provide an opportunity to identify elderly within the same ethnic group with different prevalence rates of AD that could enhance the search for risk factors [1]. Investigations of ethnic populations that have migrated across several cultures offer the opportunity to study groups for which genetic factors essentially remain the same but environmental and cultural forces undergo dramatic change. At the same time, comparison of different racial groups residing in the same environment with similar socioeconomic status and equal exposure to risk factors may help to uncover genetic factors responsible for AD. The studies reviewed in this article examine ethnic differences in rates of broad categories, such as cognitive impairment or dementia, as well as specific neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD and vascular dementia. Cognitive
Factors associated with polypharmacy and the prescription of multiple medications among persons living with HIV (PLWH) compared to non-PLWH.

Persons living with HIV (PLWH) may be at increased risk for polypharmacy (≥5 concomitant medications) over non-PLWH, presumably due to antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Potential concerns associated with polypharmacy include clinically significant drug-drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, increased pill burden, and rising treatment-related costs. Our objective was to evaluate prescription of multiple non-ARV medications to PLWH, compared to non-PLWH, in US outpatient clinics and to identify factors associated with polypharmacy. Cross-sectional data from the 2006-2010 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used for this study. Visits for PLWH were identified using HIV ICD9-CM codes 042, V08, and 079.53. Patients < 18 years of age were excluded. Relevant demographics included sex, age, race/ethnicity, and insurance status, while comorbid conditions included hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Multivariate logistic regression analyses evaluated factors independently associated with prescription of ≥ 5 medications. In total, 7,360,000 weighted visits for PLWH (13% aged 18-29 y; 55% aged 30-49 y; 32% aged ≥ 50 y) and 374,626,000 weighted visits for non-PLWH (18% aged 18-29 y; 32% aged 30-49 y; 50% aged ≥ 50 y) met study criteria. The greatest prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia was in those ≥ 50 years of age (p < .001 for all comorbidities in PLWH and non-PLWH). In 2006, 16% of PLWH were prescribed ≥ 5 medications, doubling to 35% in 2010. In 2006, 24% of non-PLWH were prescribed ≥ 5 medications, only increasing to 32% in 2010. Older age (30-49 y and ≥ 50 y) was associated with ≥ 5 prescription medications in PLWH (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.538, 95% CI; 1.31-4.918 and aOR = 2.703, 95% CI; 1.678-4.354) and in non-PLWH (aOR = 2.546, 95% CI; 2.235-2.9 and aOR = 5.208, 95% CI; 4.486-6.047), respectively. Prescription of multiple medications is on the rise in PLWH, more so than in non-PLWH. Additional research is needed to explore how prescription of multiple medications differentially affects younger PLWH vs. older PLWH.
DESIGN FOR FACILITY OVER THE INTERNET: A CASE STUDY WITH AUTOMTOTIVE CONNECTING ROD DESIGNS

This paper introduces a new methodology called 'Design for Facility over Internet (DFF)'. This methodology provides an Internet-based environment for designers to perform manufacturability analysis of product designs with respect to the capabilities of existing manufacturing facilities, upfront into the design process. In the current work, only fixturing (machining datums) capabilities of a manufacturing facility are considered. A prototype DFF system for an automotive connecting rod, is developed. The system enables the designers to design the connecting rods by considering the fixturing (datums) capabilities of existing manufacturing facilities upfront at the concept design stage. The complete system implementation will also enable the manufacturers of connecting rods to create and update the database of their capabilities over the Internet. The DFF system analyzes the parametric design with respect to the fixturing capabilities and generates suggestions for a designer, to modify his design if required, to fit the capabilities of specified facilities.
Early Outcomes of the Anterior Approach Versus the Mini-Incision Posterior Approach for Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: 150 Consecutive Cases

Introduction: The direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty has shown to improve multiple early outcome measures. However, criticisms suggest improved results may be due to selection bias and protocol changes. This study compares mini-incision posterior approach to direct anterior approach performed by one surgeon, controlling for influences other than the surgical approach itself. Methods: An IRB approved retrospective review was conducted on 150 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasty patients; the first 50 from mini-incision posterior approach, followed by 50 during the learning curve for direct anterior approach, and 50 subsequent cases when the approach was routine. Peri-operative protocols were alike for all groups. Data collection included patient demographics, anesthesia, operative times, discharge disposition, length of stay, VAS pain scores, progression from assistive devices, and narcotic use at follow-up of two and six weeks. Statistical methods included Wilcoxon rank sum, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, fisher exact and t-tests. P-value of Results: The groups were well-matched for demographics. The anterior group trended towards higher age, BMI, ASA and pre-op VAS scores. Factors favoring the anterior group reaching statistical significance included: decreased length of stay of 1.02 (learning curve) and 1.26 (routine) days (p Conclusion: Primary total hip arthroplasty using the anterior approach versus the posterior approach allows for more rapid recovery in patients with no significant selection bias or protocol changes, even during the learning curve period.
Vaccines are Good - Disease is Bad: Current Exemptions Laws and Trends in Arizona and the Effect it Has on Public Health

State laws require children to be vaccinated in order to attend private, public and charter school. However, some states allow the parent to exempt their child from immunization requirements for personal or religious beliefs. These exemptions are referred to as, "non-medical exemptions"Over the last decade communities locally in Arizona and Nationally have experienced an increase in non-medical exemptions from state required immunizations. As exemptions increase there is a corresponding decrease in coverage. The decreasing coverage slowly chips away at the fragile herd immunity that the community relies upon. For highly infectious diseases such as measles, 95% coverage is ideal to create herd immunity. Communities across the country are falling below this threshold and as a result the nation is experiencing a resurgence of measles, a disease that for the last 20 years was rarely heard of. This manuscript reviews current exemption laws in Arizona and nationally and the effect it has on the community. Ultimately, the manuscript proposes changes to the Arizona Revised Statutes and Arizona Administrative Code, to address the rising exemption rates. These proposed changes could be applied in other states as well.
Tree Rings and Natural Hazards: a State-of-the-Art. Volume 41, Advances in Global Change Research

Tree Rings and Natural Hazards provides a needed and useful survey of a rapidly expanding area of research: using dendrochronology to study geomorphic hazards, including snow avalanches, landslides...
Identity Disorders of Second-Generation Holocaust Survivors

ABSTRACTHealthy child development is outlined, with particular attention to its crucial element of identity formation. Second-generation Holocaust survivors are saddled with a mission of “carrying the torch” which is inconsistent with normal identity formation. Over and above the normative milestones in acquiring personal identity, children of this generation had particular difficulties establishing a sense of self distinct from family and religious identity. This threatened ego integrity portends potential identity dissonance, disruption of the developmental process, and problems in the adult lives of second-generation survivors. The author’s personal narrative is featured to highlight identity challenges inherent in the life of a “memorial candle.”
Construct data integrity attacks against real-time electrical market in Smart Grid

The normal operation of real-time electrical market requires accurate state estimation in Smart Grid. However, recent research shows that strategically designed data integrity attacks can easily introduce errors into state estimation without being detected. From the perspective of attackers, this increases the chances of controlling real-time electrical market operations through manipulations of meter measurements. In this paper, we first reveal the intrinsic relations between data integrity attacks and real-time electrical market, and explicitly characterize their complex interactions as a process simulator. Then a simulation-based global optimization problem is formulated, from which an attacker could maximize financial incentives through constructed data integrity attacks. More importantly, we further consider the construction of data integrity attacks when power network topologies and parameters are unknown. A systematic construction strategy is proposed based on recursive least square subspace estimation. As far as we know, our paper is the first attempt to attack real-time electrical market without network information. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the proposed attacking strategies through numerical simulations in IEEE test systems.
Comparison of Index of Refraction Structure Function ( C n 2 ) Profiles Derived from Polar-orbiting Satellite Data and Numerical Weather Prediction Models

Paper describes novel technique to derive wind and turbulence fields from satellite data. Results are compared to numerical weather data, and modifications to the method to characterize turbulence in a neutrally-buoyant boundary layer are discussed.
Computer Simulation of Diffusion and Adsorption in Pillared Clays

We developed a model to describe the morphology and energetics of pillared clays. Grand- Canonical Ensemble Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations are used to study diffusion and adsorption of finite-size molecules in such systems, and the effect of various factors on these processes is investigated.
L'influence des convictions de contrôle et des attitudes globales sur le comportement écologique du consommateur

Dans les considerations theoriques de l'explication du comportement ecologique du consommateur, il est souvent suppose que le degre d'influence des attitudes ecologiques sur le comportement depend de l'efficacite percue du consommateur, ou encore de ses convictions de controle. Bien que cette relation soit toujours reaffirmee dans la recherche empirique actuelle, les auteurs ont examine l'influence des construits mentionnes quasiment exclusivement de maniere isolee ou en parallele. L'objectif de cet article est de fonder de maniere theorique cette influence moderatrice supposee et de l'examiner de facon explicite, ainsi que d'en deduire des recommandations pour le marketing.
The Affordable Care Act: Improving Incentives for Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment

Research evidence of pre-reform job lock and empirical research demonstrating a significant increase in self-employment under health care reforms or availability of Medicare benefits, strongly suggests that self-employment will increase as a consequence of full implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Taking into account the most recent findings in the economic literature on this topic, we make a rough estimate that the number of self-employed people will be 1.5 million higher under the ACA than it would otherwise have been. Relative increases in self-employment will vary across states as a function of pre-ACA market reforms already in place.
Analysis of school food poisoning in Haikou City in 2003～2008

Aim To analyze the features of school food poisoning in Haikou City.Methods There 18 school food poisonings in Haikou City from 2003 to 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Results There 542 cases were reported with the incidence rate of 7.71%.Most of the food poisoning occurred in summer and autumn.Conclusion Management of school hygienic conditons be strengthed to pretect the health of the students.
Preparing for pediatric emergencies.

• A 2-week-old infant stops breathing in your waiting room. • A frantic mother comes to the office carrying her 2-year-old son, who has just aspirated a balloon. • A 6-year-old is brought to the office with a partial thickness burn of the right arm. • A mother calls the office and states that her 15-month-old child bit into an electrical cord. • A 5-year-old boy falls from a tree at school and is brought into the office. • A 9-year-old girl has an anaphylactic reaction to a penicillin injection. • A 5-year-old boy cuts his foot on a piece of rusty metal in a barnyard and has only had two tetanus immunizations. These scenarios all can occur in the office. The literature, as well as a periodic survey done by the American Academy of Pediatrics, suggests that many offices are not prepared to manage these and other emergencies. In some practices, the staff have not received formal training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), even though ill patients are seen regularly and injectable medications are dispensed. Staff and Office Preparation The issues that are important in preparing for an emergency involve: staff education; equipment and supplies; management guidelines, protocols, and procedures; and resuscitation practice sessions. STAFF EDUCATION All office staff should be trained in basic life support, including foreign body removal, rescue breathing, and chest compressions.
Examining Literature on Hispanic Student Achievement in the Southeastern United States and North Carolina

We surveyed literature on factors that may influence Hispanic students academically including generational status, gender roles, and use of language in the Southeastern United States and North Caro...
Cytologic features of intraabdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor: A case report

Intraabdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor (IAD-SRCT) is a highly aggressive, malignant neoplasm that affects predominantly young adult males. This report describes the fine needle aspiration and ascitic fluid cytology findings in a 15-year-old male with IAD-SRCT. The tumor cells consisted of small, round to oval cells with a scant amount of basophilic cytoplasm. No cytologic evidence of cellular differentiation was identified. The similarities of cytologic features with other small round cell tumors in the pediatric age group may lead to differential diagnostic difficulties that require the application of ancillary diagnostic methods, such as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and cytogenetic techniques. In this case, immunohistochemical stains were positive for cytokeratin, desmin and neuron-specific enolase. Flow cytometry revealed a tetraploid DNA stemline and proliferation index of 21% (S + G2M). Ultrastructural examination revealed undifferentiated small cells with large, perinuclear whorls of intermediate filaments. Cytogenetic studies showed a grossly abnormal karyotype with a t(11;17)(p13;q11.2) translocation and a near-tetraploid modal chromosome number. This karyotype differed from those in previous cases in that it lacked a 22q12-13 fusion partner but provided further evidence for involvement of the 11p13 region in the pathogenesis of this unusual tumor.
Auditor tenure and rotation

There has been a long-standing debate as to the relative merits of mandatory auditor rotation. In the United States (US), Section 203 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) (SOX) requires rotation of the lead engagement partner and the concurring review partner at least once every ﬁve years. Section 207 also requires a study on the potential eﬀects of mandatory audit ﬁrm rotation. After conducting the study, the General Accounting Oﬃce (GAO, 2003: 2) concluded that:mandatory audit ﬁrm rotation may not be the most eﬃcient way to enhance auditor independence and audit quality, considering the costs of changing the auditor of record and the loss of auditor knowledge that is not carried forward to the new auditor.
Using Maple for asymptotic convergence analysis

With prevailing trend of parallel processing diagonalization methods for solving eigenvalue problems came into renewed interest of numerical analysts. In order to study the asymptotic convergence rate of such methods it is useful to use the qualitative analysis with O-symbol. The O( )term in a series indicates the order of truncation of the series.
Alternative Work Arrangements: Two Images of the New World of Work

Alternative work arrangements continue to increase in number and variety. We review the literature on alternative work arrangements published since the most recent major review of nonstandard work by Ashford et al. (2007). We look across the research findings to identify three dimensions of flexibility that undergird alternative work arrangements: (a) flexibility in the employment relationship, (b) flexibility in the scheduling of work, and (c) flexibility in where work is accomplished. We identify two images of the new world of work—one for high-skill workers who choose alternative work arrangements and the other for low-skill workers who struggle to make a living and are beholden to the needs of the organization. We close with future directions for research and practice for tending to the first image and moving away from the second image of the new world of work.
Campaign Conversations on Instagram and the Closure of Access to Social Media Data

This paper extends existing research about the use of social media in the context of political elections by presenting results from an exploratory social network analysis study of the use of the Instagram platform by candidates in the U.S. Presidential primary elections. Although Instagram is generally considered a visual platform, certain technological affordances provide to users a platform for conversation and interaction. Findings from this study suggest that Instagram’s conversational features are similar in their affordances to other social media platforms, and as a result, participation and the resulting trace data and networks resemble what has been observed on other platforms. While prior research largely ignores the conversational and social network aspects of the platform, the preliminary findings introduced here suggest that within the limits of what data is accessible through its API, Instagram supports the construction and analysis of social and communication networks. The paper concludes with a discussion of the API limitations and recent changes that negatively impact and possibly prevent the data-scientific study of social media-enabled political networks on the Instagram platform.
Regaining the competitive edge

This article posits that the real key to success, to survival and to growth, is 'management effectiveness'. It identifies eight key elements of strategic business management.
Measurement of a clock-tuned digital non-Foster circuit for positive or negative digital capacitance

Theory and measured results are presented for a clock-tuned digital capacitor that provides digital implementation of a variable non-Foster negative capacitance or a variable positive capacitance. Unlike previous digital non-Foster capacitor designs, the proposed approach provides a variable capacitance without requiring changes to the signal processing hardware or embedded software. Instead, a single external clock provides simple control of the variable negative or positive capacitance of the circuit. Theoretical results are provided showing that predicted digital capacitance is inversely proportional to clock frequency, and associated parasitic resistance is determined by design parameters. Simulation results and prototype measurements confirm the underlying theory, and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Oxygen and proton pathways in cytochrome c oxidase.

Cytochrome c oxidase is a re- dox-driven proton pump, which couples the reduction of oxygen to water to the transloca- tion of protons across the membrane. The re- cently solved x-ray structures of cytochrome c oxidase permit molecular dynamics simula- tions of the underlying transport processes. To eventually establish the proton pump mecha- nism, we investigate the transport of the sub- strates, oxygen and protons, through the en- zyme. Molecular dynamics simulations of oxygen diffusion through the protein reveal a well- defined pathway to the oxygen-binding site starting at a hydrophobic cavity near the mem- brane-exposed surface of subunit I, close to the interface to subunit III. A large number of water sites are predicted within the protein, which could play an essen- tial role for the transfer of protons in cyto- chrome c oxidase. The water molecules form two channels along which protons can enter from the cytoplasmic (matrix) side of the pro- tein and reach the binuclear center. A possible pumping mechanism is proposed that involves a shuttling motion of a glutamic acid side chain, which could then transfer a proton to a propionate group of heme a3. Proteins 30:100-
Technology and Biomechanics of Adaptive Sports Prostheses

With the continuously emerging technologic advances in medicine and the emphasis on maintaining physical fitness for all populations, the number of athletes with impairments continues to grow. Therefore, it is incumbent upon healthcare practitioners to make every effort to inform these individuals of growing and diverse opportunities and encourage their safe exercise and athletic participation through counseling and education. Given these expanded opportunities for participation in sports for persons with a limb deficiency, there has been a correlated demand for new, innovative prosthetic designs. This enhanced demand has challenged the traditional philosophies as well as the clinical and technical expertise of the physicians and prosthetists. When generating a prosthetic prescription, physicians and prosthetists should consider the needs and preferences of the athlete with limb deficiency, as well as the functional demands of the chosen sporting activity. The intent of this chapter is to provide information regarding the current advancements in the technology and biomechanics in the field of adaptive sports prosthetic devices and to assist the clinicians and their patients in facilitating participation in sporting activities.
Cerebral Artery Gas Embolism Following Navigational Bronchoscopy.

Introduction:Cerebral artery gas embolism (CAGE) is a rare but serious adverse event with potentially devastating neurologic sequelae. Bronchoscopy is a frequently performed procedure but with only...
Read All About It: The Politicization of “Fake News” on Twitter:

Due to the importance of word choice in political discourse, this study explored the use of the term “fake news.” Using a social network analysis, content analysis, and cluster analysis, political ...
Lattices of Plutonium-Enriched Rods in Light Water—Part I: Experimental Results

Results of experiments conducted in the Critical Approach Facility are presented for a total of 48 lattices of plutonium-enriched rods. Five kinds of UO2-PuO2 rods ranging in PuO2 enrichment from 1.5 to 4.0 wt%, and three kinds of Al-Pu rods ranging in plutonium enrichment from 1.8 to 5.0 wt%, were used in the experiments. The lattices covered a broad range of water-to-rod volume ratios. Parameters reported for each lattice are: the number of rods required for a critical loading, the relaxation length measured in an exponential loading, the critical buckling, and reflector savings. For five of the lattices results are also reported of the worth of central absorber rods of boron and hafnium. The results of approach-to-critical experiments were verified by comparing them with the results of critical measurements conducted in three lattices.