cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Opportunities and Challenges for Students in an Online Seminar-Style Course in LIS Education: A Qualitative Case Study

Online enrollments in U.S. higher education programs continue to grow, a trend that is also seen in LIS education where in some cases entire MLIS programs are being offered online. Synchronous online seminar-style courses present interesting challenges for both radical inclusion and innovation. This qualitative case study explored the effectiveness of a synchronous, online seminar conducted via Google Hangout in an online program. The findings revealed similarities and differences between a face-to-face seminar and a synchronous online seminar. Factors such as meaningful interactions, group collaborations, and technology literacy—hallmarks of a social constructivist learning environment, play critical roles in optimizing the experience. These findings emphasize the need for a stronger pedagogical framework to guide online LIS education.
Early Detection and Prevention of Mental Health Problems: Developmental Epidemiology and Systems of Support

This article reviews the role of developmental epidemiology in the prevention of child and adolescent mental disorders and the implications for systems of support. The article distinguishes between universal or primary prevention, which operates at the level of the whole community to limit risk exposure before the onset of symptoms, and secondary or targeted prevention, which operates by identifying those at high risk of developing a disorder. It discusses different aspects of time as it relates to risk for onset of disease, such as age at first exposure, duration of exposure, age at onset of first symptoms, and time until treatment. The study compares universal and targeted prevention, describing the systems needed to support each, and their unintended consequences.
STAT3 Signaling in Donor-Derived CD4 + T-Cells Plays a Critical Role in the Induction of Acute and Chronic GVHD in Murine Models of alloBMT.

Growing evidence from several murine models suggests that STAT3 signaling in CD4 + T-cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. We herein tested the hypothesis that the same pathway plays a critical role in the induction of GVHD in murine models of allogeneic BMT. To test our hypothesis and to compare the differential ability of STAT3 signaling in CD4 + T-cells to mediate GVHD in MHC-mismatched and-matched murine models of alloBMT, CD4-Cre × STAT3 flox/flox (STAT3 KO CD4 + ), or corresponding wild-type control mice were used as donors of CD4 + T-cells. In an MHC-mismatched model, groups of lethally irradiated (775 cGy) BALB/c (H-2 d ) mice received T-cell depleted (TCD) bone marrow (BM) from wild-type C57BL/6 (H-2 b ) mice alone, TCD B6 BM plus 4 × 10 5 wild-type, or STAT3 KO CD4 + T-cells, all on a C57BL/6 background. In repeated experiments we observed significantly decreased clinical signs of GVHD in animals receiving STAT3 KO CD4 + in comparison to those receiving wild-type CD4 + T-cells (median GVHD score of 2.25 vs. 5.29; P d ) BALB/c (H-2 d ) model in which GVHD is CD4 + T-cell-mediated and has clinicopathologic consistent with human chronic GVHD. Since the dominant clinical manifestation in this model is cutaneous sclerodermatous GVHD that is associated with in situ dermal mononuclear infiltrates, the use of BALB/c-CD45.1 (CD45.1 + ) mice as recipients enabled us to examine the fate of skin CD11c + dendritic cells. After conditioning (775 cGy) recipient mice received B10.D2 (CD45.2 + ) TCD BM and 9.3 ×10 6 TCD splenocytes, repleted with 10 6 wild-type CD8 + and 1.9 ×10 6 wild-type, or STAT3 KO CD4 + T-cells. We reproducibly induced all signs of chronic GVHD in chimeras receiving wild-type CD4 + T-cells, but not in chimeras injected with STAT3 KO CD4 + T-cells (median GVHD score of 5.2 vs. 0.0; P + epidermal DC chimerism (88.4±4.3% vs. 0.9±0.6%; P + DC (99.9±0.1% vs. 99.8±0.1%), CD4 + (99.9±0.2% vs. 99.6±0.7%) and CD8 + (99.9±0.2% vs. 99.9±0.2%) T-cell chimerism was nearly completely donor-derived and did not differ between the two sets of described chimeras. In summary, our data suggest that intact STAT3 signaling in CD4 + T-cells is required for clinical manifestations of delayed acute and/or chronic GVHD, but it does not interfere with lymphohematopoietic graft-versus host response and achievement of full donor chimerism. Further exploration of the STAT3 signaling pathway in pathophysiology of delayed acute and/or chronic GVHD is warranted.
Shit Be Tight: Carlos Villa and the Development of Bay Area Artist Activism

Carlos Villa was a highly original Filipino American artist and visionary organizer who has been very influential in San Francisco but is still little recognized internationally. This essay situates Villa’s achievement as an ongoing dialogue between his private studio practice and public actions. It argues for the appreciation of the interaction of Villa’s modernist aesthetic with more socially engaged inspirations and expressions as central to the artist’s significance and the transformative impact of his career.
Model Uncertainties for Valencia RPA Effect for MINERvA

This technical note describes the application of the Valencia RPA multi-nucleon effect and its uncertainty to QE reactions from the GENIE neutrino event generator. The analysis of MINERvA neutrino data in Rodrigues et al. PRL 116 071802 (2016) paper makes clear the need for an RPA suppression, especially at very low momentum and energy transfer. That published analysis does not constrain the magnitude of the effect; it only tests models with and without the effect against the data. Other MINERvA analyses need an expression of the model uncertainty in the RPA effect. A well-described uncertainty can be used for systematics for unfolding, for model errors in the analysis of non-QE samples, and as input for fitting exercises for model testing or constraining backgrounds. This prescription takes uncertainties on the parameters in the Valencia RPA model and adds a (not-as-tight) constraint from muon capture data. For MINERvA we apply it as a 2D ($q_0$,$q_3$) weight to GENIE events, in lieu of generating a full beyond-Fermi-gas quasielastic events. Because it is a weight, it can be applied to the generated and fully Geant4 simulated events used in analysis without a special GENIE sample. For some limited uses, it could be cast as a 1D $Q^2$ weight without much trouble. This procedure is a suitable starting point for NOvA and DUNE where the energy dependence is modest, but probably not adequate for T2K or MicroBooNE.
The 'philanthropic' gene: biocapital and the new Green Revolution in Africa.

AbstractClimate change and population growth have prompted calls for African countries to embrace a ‘new Green Revolution’ in order to promote food security. What is ‘new’ about this new Green Revolution? What configurations of capital, the state, agribusiness, and the law define this period of agricultural transition? In this new Green Revolution, I argue, there is a proliferation of new forms of capital – biocapital and philanthrocapital – that integrate biotechnology with philanthropy to create market value. These shifts are engendered by philanthropic giving, in the form of donated genetic material for the development of ‘pro-poor’ biotechnology which normalises seed as commodity, and legislative reform that renders seed patentable material.
Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Minimally Invasive Surgery Training Improves Outcomes in Basic Laparoscopic Procedures

To determine whether minimally invasive surgery (MIS) training improves outcomes in laparoscopic appendectomy, a procedure that is commonly performed in general surgery training. Retrospective review was conducted of all patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for suspected acute appendicitis between 2014 and 2015 at a single-center, tertiary-care academic institution. Patients operated on by MIS-trained surgeons (MIS group) were compared to those operated on by general surgeons (GS group). Single-incision and multiport laparoscopic appendectomies were included; open approach, known malignancy, and interval appendectomies were excluded. A total of 507 patients were included in the study: 181 patients in the MIS group and 326 in the GS group. There were no differences in patient demographics or medical comorbidities between groups and most patients were ASA class 1 or 2. Patients operated on by MIS-trained surgeons had significantly shorter operative time (43 min, IQR 32–60 vs. 58 min, IQR 44–81; p < 0.001) and fewer intra-operative adverse events (0/181 vs. 8/326, 2.5%; p = 0.03). There was no difference in number of postoperative adverse events between groups (6/181, 3.3% vs. 21/326, 6.4%; p = 0.13). In the MIS group, subgroup analysis of single-incision versus multiport appendectomy showed no differences in intra-operative or postoperative adverse events. On multivariable linear regression, lack of MIS training and traditional multiport approach had the greatest effects on prolonging operative time (11.2 and 12.8 min, respectively; p = 0.001). MIS fellowship improves operative metrics and patient outcomes even in basic laparoscopy.
Mental Time-Travel, Semantic Flexibility, and A.I. Ethics

This article argues that existing approaches to programming ethical AI fail to resolve a serious moral-semantic trilemma, generating interpretations of ethical requirements that are either too semantically strict, too semantically flexible, or overly unpredictable. This paper then illustrates the trilemma utilizing a recently proposed ‘general ethical dilemma analyzer,’ GenEth. Finally, it uses empirical evidence to argue that human beings resolve the semantic trilemma using general cognitive and motivational processes involving ‘mental time-travel,’ whereby we simulate different possible pasts and futures. I demonstrate how mental time-travel psychology leads us to resolve the semantic trilemma through a six-step process of interpersonal negotiation and renegotiation, and then conclude by showing how comparative advantages in processing power would plausibly cause AI to use similar processes to solve the semantic trilemma more reliably than we do, leading AI to make better moral-semantic choices than humans do by our very own lights.
Selecting Quality Picture Books for Mathematics Instruction: What Do Preservice Teachers Look For?

A quality picture book can enhance instruction and build positive and meaningful connections that enable students to visualize and engage in mathematics. To learn more about how preservice teachers analyze and select quality picture books in their mathematics lessons, a study was conducted over two semesters during a required field experience component of an undergraduate teacher education program. The preservice teachers were required to use a picture book to explore a mathematical concept in three mathematics-focused lesson plans. Data was collected through preservice teachers’ lesson plan reflections, summative reflections over the experience of integrating picture books and mathematics, and focus group interviews. The qualitative data analysis revealed that in planning mathematics lessons to incorporate quality picture books, preservice teachers most often selected a book based on the topic to be taught or based on previous use by their university instructor. The quality of the selected picture books did not appear to be a critical criterion for selection. As a result, it is important for teacher educators to model ways of assessing and selecting quality picture books and provide opportunities for preservice teachers to incorporate these techniques.
Focus of control through goal relationships

Goal relationships resulting from the initial data and subsequent processing can he used to dynamically construct a partial topology of the solution space based on what appear to be feasible solutions. This structure can be used to make control decisions that significantly reduce the amount of search required to solve a problem in a complex domain. We examine the utility of this approach in the context of a multi-level, cooperative knowledge source model of problem solving. We present a taxonomy of goal relationships for constructing partial topologies of the solution space and show that mechanisms using this information can be built as natural extensions of an integrated data-directed and goal directed archi tecture. Examples and performance results demonstrating how these additions improve the system's ability to evaluate potential activities are provided.
Water compartments in cells.

Abstract Human experience in the macrobiological world leads scientists to visualize water compartments in cells analogous to the bladder in the human pelvis or ventricles in the brain. While such water‐filled cellular compartments likely exist, the volume contributions are insignificant relative to those of biomolecular hydration compartments. The purpose of this chapter is to identify and categorize the molecular water compartments caused by proteins, the primary macromolecular components of cells. The categorical changes in free energy of water molecules on proteins cause these compartments to play dominant roles in osmoregulation and provide important adjuncts to fundamental understanding of osmosensing and osmosignaling mechanisms. Water compartments possess differences in molecular motion, enthalpy, entropy, freezing point depression, and other properties because of electrostatic interaction of polar water molecules with electric fields generated by covalently bound pairs of opposite charge caused by electronegative oxygen and nitrogen atoms of the protein. Macromolecules, including polypeptides, polynucleotides, and polysaccharides, are stiff molecular chains with restricted folding capacities due to inclusion of rigid ring structures or double amide bonds in the backbone sequence. This creates “irreducible spatial charge separation” between positive and negative partial charges, causing elevated electrostatic energy. In the fully hydrated in vivo state of living cells the high dielectric coefficient of water reduces protein electrostatic free energy by providing polar “water bridge networks” between charges, thereby creating four measurably different compartments of bound water with distinct free energy differences.
Contributions of Alladi Ramakrishnan to the Mathematical Sciences

Professor Alladi Ramakrishnan, my father, belonged to a small eminent group of Indian scientists who made fundamental contributions to several fields of study and sustained a high level of productivity over a significant period of time. If among this select versatile group of researchers we seek those who also have made monumental contributions to the profession by creating leading institutions of advanced research, then we are down to a mere handful such as Professors Raman, Bhabha, Mahalanobis, Ramakrishnan, and a few more. In an illustrious scientific career that began in 1947, Professor Ramakrishnan has published about 150 influential research papers in leading journals on topics ranging over Stochastic Processes, Elementary Particle Physics, Matrix Algebra, and the Special Theory of Relativity, has guided 24 PhD students, lectured on his research at over 200 institutions of higher learning the world over and at numerous international conferences, and created MATSCIENCE, The Insitute of Mathematical Sciences in Madras. It is amazing that even after his retirement, and indeed until the very end, his passion for science and his spirit of enquiry remained unabated. Here I shall briefly describe some of his significant contributions including his most recent ones, and the circumstances that led to them.
ER Stress Drives Lipogenesis and Steatohepatitis via Caspase-2 Activation of S1P

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in response to elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Whereas the onset of simple steatosis requires elevated de novo lipogenesis, progression to NASH is triggered by accumulation of hepatocyte-free cholesterol. We now show that caspase-2, whose expression is ER-stress inducible and elevated in human and mouse NASH, controls the buildup of hepatic-free cholesterol and triglycerides by activating sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) in a manner refractory to feedback inhibition. Caspase-2 colocalizes with site 1 protease (S1P) and cleaves it to generate a soluble active fragment that initiates SCAP-independent SREBP1/2 activation in the ER. Caspase-2 ablation or pharmacological inhibition prevents diet-induced steatosis and NASH progression in ER-stress-prone mice. Caspase-2 inhibition offers a specific and effective strategy for preventing or treating stress-driven fatty liver diseases, whereas caspase-2-generated S1P proteolytic fragments, which enter the secretory pathway, are potential NASH biomarkers.
Folk teleology drives persistence judgments

Two separate research programs have revealed two different factors that feature in our judgments of whether some entity persists. One program—inspired by Knobe—has found that normative considerations affect persistence judgments. For instance, people are more inclined to view a thing as persisting when the changes it undergoes lead to improvements. The other program—inspired by Kelemen—has found that teleological considerations affect persistence judgments. For instance, people are more inclined to view a thing as persisting when it preserves its purpose. Our goal in this paper is to determine what causes persistence judgments. Across four studies, we pit normative considerations against teleological considerations. And using causal modeling procedures, we find a consistent, robust pattern with teleological and not normative considerations directly causing persistence judgments. Our findings put teleology in the driver’s seat, while at the same time shedding further light on our folk notion of an object.
What Have We Really Learned from Japanese Management Practices

This panel brings together an interdisciplinary group of scholars to discuss the impact of Japanese practices on management theory as well as U.S. management practice. In the heyday of Japan’s econ...
The Application of Fuzzy Set Theory to a Risk Analysis Model of Computer Security

The advent of the computer as a problem solving tool is one of the major advances of twentieth century society. The introduction of the computer into any organization can speed the record keeping operations of the organization, allow the storage of large amounts of data in one location and automate the manufacturing processes of the organization. While all of these computer induced changes have the ability to increase the productivity and the profitability of the organization, they also create security problems in the organization for which comprehensive protection programs have not yet been fully perfected.
Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter: Does Location Make a Difference?

Abstract Background There is a paucity of data on outcomes of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) arising from the renal pelvis (RPUC) versus UTUC arising from the ureter (UUC). The published literature is conflicting, and there is no consensus on patient prognosis based on disease location. The aim of this study is to compare clinical and survival outcomes based on location of primary tumor using a large national registry. Materials and Methods The National Cancer Database was queried from 2010 to 2016 for patients with localized (cN0M0) UTUC. Patients were stratified based on location of tumor. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard regression and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)-adjusted Kaplan-Meier curves. We also performed exploratory analyses based on tumor stage. Results We identified 11,922 patients who underwent surgical treatment. The median follow-up was 32.1 months. Patients with RPUC presented with higher tumor stage and grade. Patients with UUC were treated with less radical nephroureterectomy (56.4% vs. 84.3%; P Conclusion Patients with UUC were found to be treated with less radical surgery and to have worse survival than those with RPUC. These patients may suffer from poor initial staging and suboptimal treatments. Further studies are needed to evaluate potential biological differences of UTUC based on tumor location.
Fracture Toughness of Glass Using the Indentation Fracture Technique

Half-penny shaped cracks called median vents are formed about indentations made with sharp indenters in brittle materials. Two fracture mechanics analyses for the formation of median cracks exist and constitute a basis upon which the fracture toughness (K c ) can be obtained from indentation fracture experiments. However, little attention has been directed toward assessing the applicability of indentation fracture as a method for determining K c in brittle materials. In this paper, such an evaluation of indentation fracture was performed on various glasses. Initially, indenter load-median crack length data were used to establish that the model of Lawn and Fuller described best the indentation fracture data. Their analysis was used to calculate K c -values, which were compared to K c -values obtained with conventional fracture mechanics methods. The difference in K c -values determined by the two methods was ∼30 percent or less for normal glasses (glasses containing network modifier ions), and good reproducibility of indentation fracture K c -values was found. A qualitative ranking of K c by these two methods, however, did not agree. An evaluation of K c by indentation fracture was not possible in anomalous (silica-rich) glasses due to the presence of cone cracks.
Implementation Of Image Fusion To Investigate Wall Crack

Image Fusion (ImgF) technique is combining the features of an image set (Img), to create a resulting Img with advanced information analysis point of view. In this paper, some novel ImgF algorithms implemented and in different fields, for example, Crack Detection (CD). The initial segment of research work manages a novel CD method dependent on Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) in wall cracks containing range limits with wall Imgs complications. For example, the Hyperbolic Tangent (HBT) filtering algorithm used for different edge tracking processes. The feedback of detector fusion is achieved using Haar Discrete Wavelet Transform (HDWT) and max estimation with mean detail ImgF algorithm to acquire primary crack edges detection. Through higher edge localization and PSNR, the future framework provides improved Edge Detection (ED) in Imgs.
Abstract #4721: Overcoming PTEN-loss mediated trastuzumab resistance by targeting Src family kinase

Background: The HER2-targeted therapy, trastuzumab, significantly improves disease free survival. However, less than 35% of HER2 positive patients respond to trastuzumab as a single agent. Trastuzumab resistance has become a devastating problem and there is an imposing need for new rationally designed regimens to overcome trastuzumab resistance. We have previously shown that PTEN loss confers trastuzumab resistance in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Recently, we found that the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src is hyper-activated in trastuzumab-resistant PTEN-loss cells. Since Src is well-known to play important roles in tumor development, we hypothesized that this aberrant activation of Src may contribute to trastuzumab resistance and blocking Src activation with Src inhibitor will re-sensitize PTEN-loss tumors to trastuzumab. Experimental Design: We used in vitro breast cancer cell line models and in vivo orthotopic mouse model to test our hypothesis. In the in vitro study, multiple cancer cells with/without PTEN knockdown were treated with Src inhibitor AZD0530, trastuzumab, or combined treatments. The response of cells to trastuzumab treatment was evaluated by MTS proliferation, apoptosis assay, and soft agar colony formation assay. Changes in cell signaling pathways were evaluated by western blot. In the in vivo study, mammary gland xenograft tumors were established in ICR/SCID mouse. Mice were treated with vehicle control, AZD0530, trastuzumab, or AZD0530 plus trastuzumab for 4 weeks. Tumor volume were monitored and the changes of tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell signaling events were further studied by immunohistochemistry on collected tumors. Results: We established stable multiple pairs of PTEN-loss cells by PTEN shRNA. The PTEN knockdown cells have an elevated level of the Src activation compared with PTEN wild type cells. Inhibition of Src activation by AZD0530 sensitized PTEN-deficient breast cancer cells to trastuzumab treatment in vitro. Compared with single treatment, combined treatment led to a significantly more effective inhibition of cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. In a mouse mammary gland xenograft model, combination therapy with trastuzumab and AZD0530 dramatically inhibited PTEN-deficient tumor growth. Conclusions: Since the Src inhibitor AZD0530 is currently under Phase II clinical trial, combining trastuzumab with this Src inhibitors is a clinically applicable strategy and a promising combinatory targeted anti-cancer therapy to overcome PTEN-loss mediated trastuzumab resistance. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4721.
Dissecting Response to Cancer Immunotherapy by Applying Bayesian Network Analysis to Flow Cytometry Data

Cancer immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint blockade therapy, has been found to be effective in the treatment of metastatic cancers. However, only a subset of patients with certain cancer types achieve clinical responses. Consequently, elucidating immune system-related pre-treatment biomarkers that are predictive with respect to sustained clinical response is a major research priority. Another research priority is evaluating changes in the immune system before and after treatment in responders and non-responders. Specifically, our group has been studying immune signaling networks as an accurate reflection of the global immune state. Flow cytometry data (FACS, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting) characterizing immune signaling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) patients were used to analyze changes in immune signaling networks in this setting. We developed a novel computational pipeline to perform secondary analyses of FACS data using systems biology / machine learning / information-theoretic techniques and concepts, primarily based on Bayesian network modeling. Application of this novel pipeline resulted in determination of immune markers, combinations / interactions thereof, and corresponding immune cell population types that are associated with clinical responses. Future studies are planned to generalize our analytical approach to different cancer types and corresponding datasets.
The Role of Physical Infrastructure on Health and Well-Being

This chapter presents an overview of key concepts relevant to research and practice of lifestyle medicine focusing on the intersection of the physical infrastructure as an enabler or barrier to achieve healthy lifestyle and behaviors. The focus is on a broad description of definitions and frontier research on environmental health, the built environment, urban planning and design, social determinants of health, and policy frameworks such as health in all policies. This chapter also provides key resources from federal, state, and local governments as well as academia covering data, reports, and communities of knowledge.
Under pressure: Stem cell-niche interactions coordinate tissue adaptation to inflammation.

Abstract Stem and progenitor cells (SCs) are emerging as key drivers of tissue adaptation to inflammation caused by microbes, injury, noxious agents, and other onslaughts. These pressures are most acutely experienced in epithelial tissues such as the skin and gut that interface with the external environment. Thus, here we review how epithelial SCs of the skin and intestine, along with their supportive niches, sense and respond to inflammation for the sake of preserving tissue integrity. We highlight inflammation-induced plasticity in SCs and their progeny and the lasting memory that forms thereafter. The burgeoning area of SC responses to inflammatory stressors may expand therapeutic perspectives in epithelial inflammatory conditions, wound repair, cancers, and aging.
Measurements of the muon content of UHECR air showers with the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory, recently completed, has been operational since 2004. As a hybrid experiment, it allows for a wide range of measurements of UHECR-induced extensive air showers (EAS), including measurements of the EAS particle content on ground which is sensitive to high-energy hadronic interactions. We present results of several independent measurements of the EAS muon content at ground level in the Auger data at a primary energy of 10 EeV. We discuss implications on high-energy hadronic interaction models and cosmic ray composition.
The small molecule drug CBL0137 increases the level of DNA damage and the efficacy of radiotherapy for glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable brain tumor with inevitable recurrence. This is in part due to a highly malignant cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation of tumor cells that is particularly resistant to conventional treatments, including radiotherapy. Here we show that CBL0137, a small molecule anti-cancer agent, sensitizes GBM CSCs to radiotherapy. CBL0137 sequesters the FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) complex to chromatin, resulting in cytotoxicity preferentially within tumor cells. We show that when combined with radiotherapy, CBL0137 inhibited GBM CSC growth and resulted in more DNA damage in the CSCs compared to irradiation or drug alone. Using an in vivo subcutaneous model, we showed that the frequency of GBM CSCs was reduced when tumors were pretreated with CBL0137 and then exposed to irradiation. Survival studies with orthotopic GBM models resulted in significantly extended survival for mice treated with combinatorial therapy. As GBM CSCs contribute to the inevitable recurrence in patients, targeting them is imperative. This work establishes a new treatment paradigm for GBM that sensitizes CSCs to irradiation and may ultimately reduce tumor recurrence.
Genomic variation in innate immunity and susceptibility to uterine diseases in Holstein cows

Fertility is crucial for efficient dairy production, and adequate uterine health is a key element that allows for rapid resumption of reproductive function after calving. The challenge of uterine contamination with microorganisms at parturition is unavoidable. Some cows respond to this challenge successfully; however, approximately 20% of cows will develop metritis or clinical endometritis. Subsequently, the prevalence of subclinical endometritis will range from 25% to 75%. Innate immunity provides the first line of defense against infection by eliciting host responses to invading pathogens without requiring prior exposure. This response depends mainly on the action of neutrophils (PMNs) and macrophages with pattern recognition receptors that recognize molecular ligands from microbial species, which then initiate signaling pathways that result in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. One important group of receptors is the toll-like receptors (TLR), which regulate the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. Likewise, the initial defense of the endometrium against invading microbes is dependent on the innate immune system, including initial recognition by host TLR proteins. Genetic selection for increased disease resistance in cattle has been proposed, and current molecular technologies provide the opportunity for exploring genomic variation related to health. We hypothesized that naturally occurring variation within the bovine TLR genes may be associated with differential susceptibility to reproductive diseases in Holstein cattle. The objective of this study was to test for associations between bovine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletion (indel) mutations occurring in 7 bovine TLR genes (TLRsl, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 10) that are known to recognize bacterial ligands and uterine diseases in dairy cows including metritis (MET), clinical endometritis (CE), and cytologic endometritis (CYE).
Fast Attention-based Learning-To-Rank Model for Structured Map Search

Recent works show that Transformer-based learning-to-rank (LTR) approaches can outperform previous well-established ranking methods, such as gradient-boosted decision trees (GBDT), on document and passage re-ranking problems. A common assumption in these works is that the query and the result documents are comprised of purely textual information without explicit structure. In map search, the relevance of results is determined based on rich heterogeneous features - textual features derived from the query and the results, geospatial features such as proximity of a result to the user, structured features reflecting the address format of the result, and the perceived structure of the query. In this work, we propose a novel deep neural network LTR architecture, capable of seamlessly handling heterogeneous inputs, similar to GBDT-based methods. At the same time, unlike GBDT, the architecture does not require human input via (numerous) carefully-crafted features. Instead, features are inferred through a self-attention mechanism. Our model implements two lightweight attention layers optimized for ranking: the first layer computes query-result similarities, the second implements listwise ranking inference. We perform evaluation on several single language and one multilingual dataset. Our model outperforms by a wide margin other Transformer-based ranking architectures and has equal or better performance than GBDT models. Equally important, runtime inference is orders of magnitude faster than other Transformer architectures, significantly reducing hardware serving costs. The model is a low-cost alternative suitable to power ranking in industrial map search engines across a variety of languages and markets.
Clinical Correlations to Specific Phenotypes and Measurements With Classification Systems

Abstract Classification systems create a framework through which communication and treatment algorithms can become standardized; they can assist surgeons in directly and reproducibly contributing to improvements in patient outcomes. In order for these algorithms to be generalized to the population, they must be clinically relevant, reliable, and validated. In this chapter, we will explore some of the more readily used classification systems and measurement tools used to assess the traumatic, degenerative, and stenotic subaxial cervical spine. The reliability and validation process for these tools is paramount to understanding their clinical applicability and will also be explored both internally and externally, if available in the literature. Ultimately, the strength of these classification systems and measurements comes down to their clinical impact and the changes they can help create. This will be explored via clinical correlates available in the literature, with specific emphasis on health-related quality of life measures.
Cuba: Can the Past Last?

In June 2018 we were two of twenty-one educators who spent four days visiting Cuba. During our visit we visited factories, farms, restaurants, and private businesses. We met with an American journalist who lives and works in Cuba, a lawyer, tobacco farmer, urban planner/architect/professor, attorney turned party planner, several business owners, and University of Havana economist. In the next five to ten years the Cuban leadership of the 1959 Revolution will be dead or out of office. At that time Cuba will face an identity crisis. How the younger generations respond to new leadership will determine Cuba’s future. Simultaneously, the U.S. embargo placed on Cuba in 1962 is now over fifty years old. Cubans believe the embargo is the reason for their struggles. From many Cubans’ perspective the embargo is the main issue holding them back. It is not the only issue but we agree. The embargo is not relevant in a decade of new Cuban leadership. We trade and have relations with other similar nations. Current U.S. relations with China and Russia make the old arguments in favor of the embargo moot in today’s growing global economy.
Outpatient Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Is a Safe Alternative to Inpatient Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Matched-Cohort Analysis Study.

INTRODUCTION Outpatient primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) accounts for approximately 8% of all total hip arthroplasties (THA) performed annually in the United States. As of 2020, Medicare removed THA from its inpatient-only list, allowing reimbursement as an outpatient procedure. This study aimed to determine whether outpatient primary THA is a potential alternative to inpatient procedures by assessing: 1) 90-day postoperative complications; 2) readmission rates; and 3) total costs of care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a national database, a matched case-control study was conducted of primary THAs performed between January 1, 2008 and March 31, 2018. Outpatient primary THAs were identified (n=10,463) and matched in a 1:5 ratio to inpatient primary THAs (n=52,306) for age, sex, and comorbidities. Outcomes assessed were 90-day medical complications, readmissions, and associated total costs of care. Baseline demographics were compared using Pearson's chi-squared analyses, with multivariate logistic regressions to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Patients undergoing outpatient THA had fewer 90-day complications (9.3 vs. 11.9%; OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.87, p<0.0001) relative to the inpatient cohort. Ninety-day readmission rates between outpatient and inpatient THAs were similar (4.1 vs. 4.8%; OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.03, p=0.166). Ninety-day costs were significantly lower for the outpatient cohort ($2,650.00 vs. $19,299.00, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Our study includes a large sample size of outpatient primary THAs and is the first to provide data quantifying cost differences relative to inpatient THAs. Our results suggest, in certain populations, that outpatient primary THAs are a safe alternative to inpatient procedures with the potential to decrease healthcare costs.
Long-term survival of a child with a high-grade glioma with novel molecular features.

A 6-year-old boy presented for evaluation after a new onset focal seizure. CT demonstrated a large right hemispheric mass with midline shift ([figure 1A][1]). MRI confirmed a T2 hyperintense tumour with reduced diffusivity, minimal enhancement on postgadolinum sequences, and linear calcifications on
Rapamycin prevents bronchiolitis obliterans through increasing infiltration of regulatory B cells in a murine tracheal transplantation model.

Abstract Objective B lymphocytes are generally considered to be activators of the immune response; however, recent findings have shown that a subtype of B lymphocytes, regulatory B lymphocytes, play a role in attenuating the immune response. Bronchiolitis obliterans remains the major limitation to modern-day lung transplantation. The role of regulatory B lymphocytes in bronchiolitis obliterans has not been elucidated. We hypothesized that regulatory B lymphocytes play a role in the attenuation of bronchiolitis obliterans. Methods We performed a standard heterotopic tracheal transplant model. Tracheas from Balb/c mice were transplanted into C57BL/6 recipients. Rapamycin treatment and dimethyl sulfoxide control groups were each treated for the first 14 days after the transplant. Tracheas were collected on days 7, 14, and 28 post-transplantation. Luminal obliteration was evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin staining and Picrosirius red staining. Immune cell infiltration and characteristics, and secretion of interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 were accessed by immunohistochemistry. Cytokines and transforming growth factor-β1 were measured using the Luminex assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, Calif). Results The results revealed that intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin for 14 days after tracheal transplantation significantly reduced luminal obliteration on day 28 when compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide control group (97.78% ± 3.63% vs 3.02% ± 2.14%, P + IgM + IgG − IL-10 + TGF-β1 + ) cells when compared with dimethyl sulfoxide controls. Rapamycin treatment inhibited interleukin-1β, 6, 13, and 17 on days 7 and 14. Rapamycin also greatly increased interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 production in B cells and regulatory T lymphocytes infiltration on day 28. Conclusions Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition decreases the development of bronchiolitis obliterans via inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and increasing regulatory B lymphocytes cell infiltration, which subsequently produces anti-inflammatory cytokines and upregulates regulatory T lymphocyte cells.
"Granas e lanas": memoria de los orígenes en Bernal

Starting from a historical and philological close reading of a passage fromBernal Diaz del Castillo’s Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva Espana , I try to show the surprising modernity of the conqueror-colonizer in his appraisal of labor. I argue that Bernal’s image of colonial society can be explained by a remembrance of a flourishing Castile, based on wool production, just as he experienced it in the Medina del Campo of his youth.
Who am I?: The reflexivity of self-identity through tourism

WHO AM I?: THE REFLEXIVITY OF SELF-IDENTITY THROUGH TOURISM by Matthew L. Milde This study has set forth to close gaps, explore innovative methods, and create a better understanding of “Who am I?”, in tourism research. Few studies in tourism research focus on how experiences gained from traveling shape self-identity through personal biographies. Building on the work of seminal authors on self-identity, personal narrative, and tourism, this study explores the reflexivity of self-identity as represented in travel narratives. The lived experiences offered through narrative condition spontaneous instances of self-discovery allowing for the (re)creation of new self-identities. Participants were selected through a snowball sample; in-depth interviews were held with fifteen (15) adults born and raised in the United States who have traveled abroad for leisure purposes. Two, ninety-minute, digitally recorded and empirically observed interviews were held with each participant. These interviews, thirty in total, were transcribed verbatim and a member check was conducted. The qualitative design of the research triangulates grounded theory with narrative analysis, which is insubordinately unique in the field of tourism research. The principal results of this research uncovered tools, not yet applied in tourism research, concerning self-identity: e-mail, online applications (e.g., Skype, blogs, etc.), journals, diaries, scrapbooks, and self edited DVDs. Moreover, the narratives reveal how the “Other” becomes a venue for reflexivity in generating a range of dimensions of the “Self,” further exploring, “Who am I?”
Physiological regulation of tau phosphorylation during hibernation.

The microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies, and is believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. While the mechanisms leading to abnormal tau phosphorylation remain elusive, the recent demonstration of reversible tau phosphorylation during hibernation provides an ideal physiological model to study this critical process in vivo. In this study, arctic ground squirrels (AGS) during hibernation were used to study mechanisms related to tau hyperphosphorylation. Our data demonstrate that tau is hyperphosphorylated at all six sites (S199, T205, S214, S262, S396, and S404) examined in hibernating AGS. Interestingly, only three of these sites (S199, S262, and S404) are dephosphorylated in aroused animals, suggesting a reversible phosphorylation at selective sites. Summer-active AGS demonstrated the lowest tau phosphorylation at all these sites. To explore the mechanisms underlying increased tau phosphorylation during hibernation, the expression level and enzyme activity of various potential tau kinases and protein phosphatases were examined. The kinetic analysis of enzyme activity at different temperatures revealed differential changes in enzyme activity with temperature decline. Specifically, increased protein kinase A activity, decreased protein phosphatase 2A activity, as well as substantial contribution from glycogen synthase kinase-3β, likely play a key role in increased tau phosphorylation during hibernation in AGS.
Hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary: A case report and review of the literature

Primary hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary (HCO) is a rare aggressive tumor that typically presents at an advanced stage in postmenopausal women with unilateral or bilateral ovarian masses and elevated AFP and CA125. We report a case of HCO in a 73 year-old woman who presented with abdominal distention, weight loss, and a large lower abdominal mass. Postoperative serum AFP was markedly elevated and trended down with initiation of chemotherapy. Review of the literature revealed thirty-two reported cases with no consensus on histogenesis or consistent immunohistochemical profile other than positive AFP staining in all but one case. Although the optimal treatment has not yet been determined, tumor debulking surgery followed by a platinum and taxane based chemotherapy regimen has shown promise. Both serum AFP and CA125 appear to have prognostic value and can be used to follow response to treatment and screen for recurrence.
Mechanisms for Excited Neutral and Negative and Positive Ion Desorption from Surfaces

Previous work in electron/photon stimulated desorption (ESD/PSD), utilizing a variety of experimental and theoretical tools, has provided considerable progress towards our understanding of the desorption of ions from covalent systems [1–3]. Comparative investigations of dissociation processes in gas phase, condensed (solid), and chemisorbed systems (e.g.,CO(g), CO(s), and CO/Ru (001), or H2O(g), H2O(s), and OH/Ti) have been very helpful in understanding the desorption of ions from molecularly chemisorbed systems [4,5]. Identification of the excited ionic states responsible for the dissociation or desorption, which can often be made by comparison with photoemission and electron-electron coincidence data, reveals that they possess widely different electronic character and hence arise from widely different excitation mechanisms [4,5].
Performance - Endurance Testing of the Cesium Vapor Thermionic Cavity Generator

Completion of the Performance - Endurance solar test series climaxed an eleven month solar experimental program in support of the "Cavity Vapor Generator" (an assembly of 3 cesium vapor thermionic converters), at the G. E. Spacecraft Dept. Solar Test Facility, Phoenix, Arizona. The program included three segments: 1) calibration of the system components, 2) evaluation of the basic performance of the generator, and 3) Performance - Endurance development solar testing of the generator. Empirical results of the final two parts of the program are covered. A total of forty-nine solar test runs were performed, during which 129 hours were spent at temperatures above 1650°K. Data on generator efficiency, generator power, E-I characteristics, stability with life, misorientation effects, cavity performance (black body), energy balance, and cesium temperature optimization are presented.
Which Protein Bands Are Significant

The serum protein electrophoresis pattern (SPEP)2 for an 82-year-old female patient with known monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance demonstrated 2 aberrant protein bands, one in the α2-β1 interzone (Fig. 1A, fat arrow) and one in the β1-β2 interzone (Fig. 1A, thin arrow). The immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) (Fig. 1B) revealed a large IgA κ paraprotein in the β1-β2 interzone (Fig. 1B, thin arrow) …