cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Futile cycling in glucose metabolism

When interconversion of two compounds occurs by irreversible reactions, and the enzymes catalyzing these reactions are both active, there is ‘futile cycling’, with dissipation of energy without a corresponding change in metabolites. There is now evidence for such cycling in glucose metabolism. How do we measure such cycling? Are futile cycles utile, and if so, what is their function?
Direct observation of the preference of hole transfer over electron transfer for radical ion pair recombination in donor-bridge-acceptor molecules.

Understanding how the electronic structures of electron donor−bridge−acceptor (D−B−A) molecules influence the lifetimes of radical ion pairs (RPs) photogenerated within them (D+•−B−A-•) is critical to designing and developing molecular systems for solar energy conversion. A general question that often arises is whether the HOMOs or LUMOs of D, B, and A within D+•−B−A-• are primarily involved in charge recombination. We have developed a new series of D−B−A molecules consisting of a 3,5-dimethyl-4-(9-anthracenyl)julolidine (DMJ-An) electron donor linked to a naphthalene-1,8:4,5-bis(dicarboximide) (NI) acceptor via a series of Phn oligomers, where n = 1−4, to give DMJ-An-Phn-NI. The photoexcited charge transfer state of DMJ-An acts as a high-potential photoreductant to rapidly and nearly quantitatively transfer an electron across the Phn bridge to produce a spin-coherent singlet RP 1(DMJ+•-An-Phn-NI-•). Subsequent radical pair intersystem crossing yields 3(DMJ+•-An-Phn-NI-•). Charge recombination within the ...
Binary optics in the '90s

The term binary optics was first employed to the best of my knowledge by Wilfred Veldkamp of MIT Lincoln Laboratory; although, these devices have been in existence prior to this of this term. Generally the term refers to optical components whose transmittance or reflectance occurs in binary steps. Usually fabricated by use of one or more binary masks. Other than simple diffraction gratings the earliest examples of binary optics would be computer generated holograms. Computer generated holograms, or more generally digital holograms, have been used since the middle 1960's, and like holography in general, digital holograms have found a few, but very few, useful applications. It has not been until thinking began to focus on more general diffractive optical concepts, and less on the principles of holography, that new applications began to materialize in the area of binary optics. Two exampies would be compact disc technology and the correction for chromatic aberation in refractive lenses.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Data cashing in IR systems

Information retrieval (IR) systems provide individual remote access to centrally managed data. The current proliferation of personal computer systems, as well as advances in storage and communication technology, have created new possibilities for designing information systems which are easily accessible, economical, and responsive to user needs. This paper outlines methods of integrating personal computers (PCs) into large information systems, with emphasis on effective use of the storage and processing capabilities of these computers. In particular we discuss means for caching retrieved data at PC-equipped user sites, noting that caching in this environment poses unique problems. An event-driven simulation program is described which models information system operation. This simulator is being used to examine caching strategies. Some results of these studies are presented.
CT and MRI of the normal and diseased perivertebral space

The perivertebral space is in the midline, in the deep tissues of the neck, and can be identified from the skull base above to the mediastinum below. It is a discrete space completely enclosed by the deep layer of deep cervical fascia. The fascial attachments of the perivertebral space divide it into two areas, the anterior prevertebral and posterior paraspinal portions. We made a retrospective analysis of the radiologic and clinical records of 52 patients with lesions in the perivertebral space, to identify the imaging features that mark a lesion as originating in the perivertebral space and define the spectrum of pathology which occurs in the space. Mass lesions present in the prevertebral or paraspinal portions. In the former they usually involve the vertebral body, displacing the prevertebral muscles anteriorly. Epidural extension from lesions in the perivertebral space proper is common. Masses in the paraspinal perivertebral space usually displace the paraspinal muscles away from the spine. We found 9 inflammatory lesions, 29 malignant and 6 benign tumors, and 8 miscellaneous lesions.
The most effective statistical approach to correct environmental satellite data

The proposed paper apply novel statistical approach to correct radiometric data measured by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers(AVHRR) onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites(POES). This paper investigates Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) stability in the NOAA/NESDIS Global Vegetation Index (GVI) data during 1982-2003. AVHRR weekly data for the five NOAA afternoon satellites for the China dataset is studied, for it includes a wide variety of different ecosystems represented globally. It was found that data for the years 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 and 2000 are not stable enough compared to other years because of satellite orbit drift, and AVHRR sensor degradation. It is assumed that data from NOAA-7 (1982, 1983), NOAA-9 (1985, 1986), NOAA-11 (1989, 1990), NOAA-14 (1996, 1997), and NOAA-16 (2001, 2002) to be standard because these satellites equator crossing time fall within 1330 and 1500, and hence maximizing the value of coefficients. The crux of the proposed correction procedure consists of dividing standard years data sets into two subsets. The subset 1 (standard data correction sets) is used for correcting unstable years and then corrected data for this years compared with the standard data in the subset 2 (standard data validation sets). In this paper, we apply empirical distribution function (EDF) to correct this deficiency of data for the affected years. It allows one to represent any global ecosystem from desert to tropical forest and to correct deviations in satellite data due to satellite technical problems .The corrected data set can be used for climatological research.
The Effects of Cultural Individualism and Self-Confidence on Propensity to Voice: From Theory to Measurement to Practice:

Abstract This article examines the effects of cultural individualism on consumers' propensity to voice and the mediating effects of self-confidence. The authors explore these relationships in the United States and South Korea to assess whether a consumer's culture, measured as an individual difference variable, is as an explanatory variable for propensity to voice in the context of dissatisfactory marketplace experiences. They find that individualism has a positive effect on propensity to voice at the pancountry and intracountry levels and that self-confidence fully mediates the relationship between individualism and propensity to voice. The results have important implications for understanding consumer complaining behavior for organizations that serve culturally diverse consumer groups.
Fundamental studies in secondary nucleation from solution

Abstract The nucleation behavior of seeded sodium chlorate solutions was studied experimentally. Because sodium chlorate crystallizes in two easily distinguished enantiomorphic forms, the origin of the secondary nuclei (whether the seed crystal or the solution) could be easily identified. This work shows that secondary nucleation does not involve a singular mechanism but that different kinds of secondary nucleation can take place under different conditions of supersaturation, liquid velocity, and impurity concentration. It was found that under certain conditions the resulting nuclei were all of the same enantiomorphic form as the seed. It was then concluded that these nuclei resulted from the growth and detachment of surface irregularities such as dendrites from the seed crystal. In two other ranges of conditions, however, secondary nucleation produced both left and right handed crystals. In one case it was shown that the nucleation could have taken place in an impurity concentration gradient resulting from the rapid incorporation of dissolved impurities in the growing seed crystal. To explain the second case, a different mechanism (largely speculative) was proposed. This mechanism hypothesized that secondary nucleation could occur because of changes in the liquid layer surrounding the crystal. These changes in the liquid layer could be the result of an ordering of the solvent water molecules at the crystal-solution interface.
Power produced by maximal velocity elbow flexion

Abstract An analysis of horizontal elbow flexion at maximal velocity was made to determine how different loads affected power output. Twenty male subjects operated a specially constructed dynamometer initially performing a maximal effort isometric trial with the elbow fully extended and then three dynamic trials at each of three loads equal to 75, 50, and 25 per cent of the maximal isometric strength. Angular acceleration was used to calculate forearm torque, and power was obtained by taking the product of torque and angular velocity. Power was found to be a cubic function of time and a fourth-order polynomial function of angular displacement reaching a peak early in the movement. The 50 per cent load resulted in a higher peak level of power than either the 25 or 75 per cent loads.
Transport of heme by hemopexin to the liver: evidence for receptor-mediated uptake.

Abstract We used carefully defined heme-hemopexin complexes to investigate the role of hemopexin in the catabolism of heme in vivo . Uptake of rabbit [ 59 Fe]heme-[ 125 I]hemopexin by rat liver was rapid. The liver-associated 125 I reached a maximum 5 minutes after injection, nearly 7-fold higher than apo-hemopexin, whereas liver-associated 59 Fe increased with time. This together with an inverse relationship of [ 125 I]hemopexin in the liver and serum during the course of heme transport suggests that hemopexin was released from the liver back to the circulation. Saturation of uptake with heme-hemopexin, reaching about 170 pmol [ 125 I]hemopexin (gm liver) −1 5 minutes after injection of 11 nmol, indicates a receptor-mediated process. We conclude that hemopexin delivers heme to the liver via interaction with a finite number of receptors and returns to the circulation.
Consequences of Eliminating HLA‐B in Deceased Donor Kidney Allocation to Increase Minority Transplantation

HLA matching contributes to the disparity in Caucasian compared to minority kidney transplantation. HLA-B locus matching was eliminated from kidney allocation to shift a projected 166 organs from Caucasians to minorities annually. This study estimated the economic and quality-of-life impact of this policy. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using a Markov model. Data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) were used to estimate race-specific outcomes, patient and graft survival, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and medical costs in U.S. dollars. The greatest benefit is expected in African Americans, with expected savings of $7.5 million and 243 QALYs. Smaller cost and QALY benefits are seen in other minority groups. In Caucasians, a loss of $7.0 million and a decrease of 967 QALYs are expected with the shift of organs. Overall, this policy is expected to save $5400 for each QALY that is lost. The same increase in minority transplantation would be expected from increasing Caucasian donation rates by 5.5%, or African-American donation by 29.0%, each producing large cost savings and QALY gains. Policies to increase minority transplants by increasing donation rates may prove more cost effective than the elimination of HLA-B matching from deceased donor kidney allocation.
CT radiation risks coming into clearer focus.

As we gather more direct evidence of the dose-response curve from childhood CT Recent attention to the cancer risks of ionizing radiation has prompted vigorous debate about how to quantify the risks of diagnostic imaging, and whether or how these risks ought to be incorporated into our decision making process as we participate in patient care. In the past, models of the carcinogenic risks of ionizing radiation have primarily relied on long term surveillance of the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, which showed significant increases in the incidence of cancer after effective doses greater than about 50 mSv.1 2 The relative paucity of direct data in the lower dose range delivered by diagnostic imaging has led to conflicting opinions about the shape and slope of the radiation dose-response curve. In a linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.f2360), Mathews and colleagues present compelling data on the magnitude of the cancer risk attributable to ionizing radiation.3 This well designed study examined a cohort of nearly 11 million young patients in the Australian national Medicare system and compared subsequent incidence of cancer in the 680 000 patients exposed to …
On the origin and magnitude of pre-industrial anthropogenic CO2 and CH4 emissions

Abstract The potential impact of human activity on the climate system, particularly as related to fossil fuel combustion, is widely acknowledged. However, little is known of the origin and magnitude of anthropogenic non-fossil emissions, although this activity currently contributes up to 40% of the global CO2 emissions. Here we provide estimates of CO2 and CH4 emissions resulting from pre-industrial societies by combining historical demographic and archaeological data. Combustion of non-fossil carbon for domestic needs, small-scale industrial/craft activities and resulting from agricultural land management was significant, reaching about 1 Gt of carbon (GtC) as CO2yr−1 and 10 Tg of of carbon CH4yr−1 by 1800 A.D. This data implies a significant anthropogenic source of pre-industrial atmospheric greenhouse gases; consistent with estimates derived from carbon cycle models. We illustrate the contribution of archaeological data with two case studies: (i) estimates of CH4 emissions from agricultural activity from the Maya Lowlands; and (ii) evidence of correlations between climatic and socio-economic conditions in North Atlantic Norse settlements. This work provides an improved baseline for studies of historic climate change, such as the Little Ice Age, as well as for evaluating strategies for mitigating current greenhouse gas emissions. (T g =10 12 grams;P g =GT=10 15 grams;GS=10 9 joule;EJ=10 18 joule).
Sample Size Calculations for Surveys to Substantiate Freedom of Populations from Infectious Agents

We develop a Bayesian approach to sample size computations for surveys designed to provide evidence of freedom from a disease or from an infectious agent. A population is considered "disease-free" when the prevalence or probability of disease is less than some threshold value. Prior distributions are specified for diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity and we test the null hypothesis that the prevalence is below the threshold. Sample size computations are developed using hypergeometric sampling for finite populations and binomial sampling for infinite populations. A normal approximation is also developed. Our procedures are compared with the frequentist methods of Cameron and Baldock (1998a, Preventive Veterinary Medicine34, 1-17.) using an example of foot-and-mouth disease. User-friendly programs for sample size calculation and analysis of survey data are available at http://www.epi.ucdavis.edu/diagnostictests/.
The convergence of disparate technologies and the impact for corporate real estate

In the same way that markets consolidate as they mature, technologies also tend to converge, so that over time more and more application areas can be served by the same technology. As technology that was once firmly in the domain of traditional information technology (IT) converges with areas such as building systems and telephony, it presents opportunities and challenges for real estate providers and their customers as well as for the technology solutions providers.
SAR sidelobe apodization using parametric windows

SAR/ISAR image processing involves a two-dimensional Fourier transform that may produce significant high intensity sidelobes which obscure low intensity scatterers in the image. Spatially variant sidelobe apodization is a technique that reduces sidelobe levels in a final Fourier image while maintaining the image resolution that would be obtained using the rectangular window. In this paper, a generalization of this technique based on the use of different parametric windows is proposed. Low sidelobe levels are obtained at the expense of increasing the complexity of the sidelobe apodization algorithm. Similar resolution and lower sidelobe levels were obtained using a one-dimensional example when compared to the spatially variant apodization technique. The method was also tested and results are shown when using this new sidelobe apodization technique with a two dimensional ISAR image.
PRODUCT OFFERING, PRICING, AND MAKE‐TO‐STOCK/MAKE‐TO‐ORDER DECISIONS WITH SHARED CAPACITY

In an era of mass customization, many firms continue to expand their product lines to remain competitive. These broader product lines may help to increase market share and may allow higher prices to be charged, but they also cause challenges associated with diseconomies of scope. To investigate this tradeoff, we considered a monopolist who faces demand curves, which for each of its potential products, decline with both price and response time (time to deliver the product). The firm must decide which products to offer, how to price them, whether each should be make-to-stock (mts) or make-to-order (mto), and how often to produce them. The offered products share a single manufacturing facility. Setup times introduce disceonomies of scope and setup costs introduce economies of scale. We provide motivating problem scenarios, model the monopolist's problem as a non-linear, integer programming problem, characterize of the optimal policy, develop near-optimal procedures, and discuss managerial insights.
Perspectivism and the methods of psychiatry.

Abstract In their book, The Perspectives of Psychiatry , Paul R. McHugh and Phillip R. Slavney propose four basic perspectives to undergird and inform the practice of psychiatry. These are the perspectives of diseases, dimensions, behaviors, and life stories. The authors redescribe these four perspectives in terms of their underlying “logics”: law-governed causality, comparative and quantitative concepts, teleology, and narrative, respectively. After explicating the general nature of a psychiatric perspective, the authors show how such a perspectivism can resolve disputes concerning the different methods of psychiatry and how it can avoid the shortsightedness of sectarianism.
Molecular biology of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury: established mechanisms and recent advancements

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs in a variety of clinical contexts, including transplantation, liver resection surgery, trauma, and hypovolemic shock. The mechanism of organ damage after I/R has been studied extensively and consists of complex interactions of multiple inflammatory pathways. The major contributors to I/R injury include production of reactive oxygen species, release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and activation of immune cells to promote inflammation and tissue damage. Recent research has focused on the mechanisms by which these immune responses are initially activated through signaling molecules and their cellular receptors. Thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of liver I/R may yield novel therapeutic strategies to reduce I/R injury and lead to improved clinical outcomes.
RNA does the folding dance of twist, turn, stack

RNA molecules have long been known to adopt unusual conformations. The first crystal structure of an RNA was that of yeast tRNAphe (1, 2), which provided a portent of what was to come. With more structures available now from X-ray crystallography and NMR, that promise has been met beyond expectations. The RNAs that are folded in molecular dynamics simulations by Chen and Garcia (3) are tetraloops (RNA hairpin loops of only four nucleotides) that are among the most unusual small structures known today. Although or because they are unusual with atypical thermal stability, these loops are also ubiquitous in longer RNA strands [rUUCG (4); rGNRA and rCUUG (5)]; they were first identified as the most abundant hairpins in prokaryotic rRNA. The function of these loops varies: the GNRA tetraloops (where N is any base and R is a purine) is often found in RNA:RNA tertiary interactions to anchor a global fold. The UUCG tetraloop is solitary, with no known interactions with RNA or proteins: it is thought to nucleate folding and so direct in vivo RNA folding patterns. These little hairpins have been the objects of considerable in vitro experimental structural characterization by NMR and X-ray crystallography, and are found to consistently form a single unique structure. The rUUCG tetraloop in particular has been subjected to many thermodynamic investigations to measure the sources of its unusual stability (6). The rCUUG hairpin is structurally the most flexible, because it tucks its first U into the minor groove but its second U is relatively unconstrained. Among the three tetraloops, CUUG has a propensity for significant conformational exchange (7). Although the three tetraloops used in the Chen and Garcia (3) computational folding experiments are all unusually stable, they achieve their stability by very different means. Their structural diversity makes them excellent candidates for folding studies, because no one mechanism dominates their ability to adopt their unique structures.
Life-threatening complications in a child with hemoglobin SD-Los Angeles disease.

Hemoglobin SD-Los Angeles is an uncommon sickle hemoglobinopathy. We describe a boy with dccumented Hb SD-Los Angeles who had experienced acute splenic sequestration, pnelrmococcal sepsis, aplastic crisis and functional asplenia during his first two years of life. We suggest that children with Hb SD-Los Angeles are at similar risks for the 1 if e- t hreatening complications which characterize sickle cell anemia and should receive the same comprehensive medical care currently recommended for children with Hb SS disease.
A course description for teacher education in computer science

This paper describes the content of a course entitled “Computers in Education” offered within the teacher certification program at Southwest Texas State University. This course, designed specifically for teacher education has several objectives including the following:(1) to cover material which would be most likely included in a secondary school curriculum,(2) to give adequate motivation for covering this material in the secondary school,(3) to list objectives to be reached in the secondary school classroom for each topic,(4) to present teaching techniques for topics in the secondary school,(5) to present computer related topics designed to aid the teacher in instruction,(6) to present computer related topics designed to aid the teacher in school administrative work.
Implementation techniques for main memory database systems

With the availability of very large, relatively inexpensive main memories, it is becoming possible keep large databases resident in main memory In this paper we consider the changes necessary to permit a relational database system to take advantage of large amounts of main memory We evaluate AVL vs B+-tree access methods for main memory databases, hash-based query processing strategies vs sort-merge, and study recovery issues when most or all of the database fits in main memory As expected, B+-trees are the preferred storage mechanism unless more than 80--90% of the database fits in main memory A somewhat surprising result is that hash based query processing strategies are advantageous for large memory situations
Urate-responsive MarR homologs from Burkholderia

The genus Burkholderia includes a large number of species, some of which are serious human pathogens. A genomic locus is conserved that consists of a gene encoding a member of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of transcriptional regulators and a divergently oriented gene encoding a major facilitator transport protein (MFTP), a predicted membrane efflux pump. Homology modeling shows that the MarR homolog conserves the location of four conserved amino acid residues previously shown to bind the ligand urate in the Deinococcus radiodurans-encoded MarR homolog HucR. Analysis of the B. thailandensis-encoded homolog shows that its specific DNA binding to two adjacent sites in the intergenic region between the genes encoding the transcription factor and the MFTP is attenuated by urate and to a lesser extent by xanthine and hypoxanthine, but not by adenine or the product of urate degradation, allantoin. These data suggest the existence of a four amino acid urate-binding signature in a subset of MarR homologs, and that homologs bearing this signature will respond to the ligand urate by attenuated DNA binding. The location of binding sites predicts regulation of the MFTP and prompts a proposal to name the cognate transcription factor MftR (major facilitator transport regulator).
Cover Picture: Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Silver-Coated Polymeric Microstructures (Adv. Funct. Mater. 13/2006)

Kuebler and co-workers report on p. 1739 a method for preparing conductive and optically reflective silver-coated polymeric microstructures having virtually any 3D form. Shown are reflection images of a silvered five-layer simple-cubic lattice having a period of 2.4 μm (background) and a macroscopic silvered polymer film (inset). To prepare metallopolymeric microstructures, 3D polymeric scaffolds are first created by multiphoton direct laser writing, then functionalized with gold particles, and metallized using nucleated electroless silver deposition. A method is reported for fabricating complex 3D silver-coated polymeric microstructures. The approach is based on the creation of a crosslinked polymeric microscaffold via patterned multiphoton-initiated polymerization followed by surface-nucleated electroless deposition of silver. The conductivity and reflectivity of the resulting silver–polymer composites and the nanoscale morphology of the deposited silver are characterized. Sub-micrometer thick layers of silver can be controllably deposited onto surfaces, including those of 3D microporous forms without occluding the interior of the structure. The approach is general for silver coating crosslinked polymeric structures based on acrylate, methacrylate, and epoxide resins and provides a new path to complex 3D micrometer-scale devices with electronic, photonic, and electromechanical function.
Risk-Based Contaminated Land Investigation and Assessment

With increasing frequency, problems of environmental contamination are being analyzed from a risk perspective. Risk-Based Contaminated Land Investigation and Assessment is written for those who wish to present the results of their examination of contaminated land in terms of risk. The opening chapters introduce the concepts of risk analysis for contaminated land. Risk management and the risk assessment process are based on a source-pathway-target framework. Readers are warned against an “over-reliance on the identification of contaminants rather than the potential pathways by which targets may be exposed to these hazards.” In the risk management framework presented in this book, risk evaluation and resultant decision making are seen as part of both the risk assessment and risk reduction process. The sharp separation of risk assessment from risk management as seen in the National Academy of Sciences' (NAS) risk assessment paradigm is not advocatedsemi; perhaps this is because the NAS' concern was regulatory decision while the book's concern is the assessment of a specific site.
Shared Liability? Consultants, Pharmacists, and the Emergency Physician: Legal Cases and Caveats

In caring for patients in the Emergency Department (ED), the emergency physician (EP) will often utilize consulting specialists and pharmacists. In the event of an untoward patient outcome, disagreement may arise regarding the liability of each provider. Here, we review a series of malpractice cases involving consulting physicians and pharmacists to illustrate the legal principles of physician-patient relationships and physician duty. Determination of liability in the courts will rest, in part, on whether a physician-patient relationship was formed via an "affirmative act". Consulting physicians may establish a relationship through an overt or implied agreement to participate in a patient's care, or by reviewing specific tests and studies for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. The courts have defined the duty of the pharmacist to safely dispense medication, and have ascribed the duty to warn of medication side effects to the prescribing physician.
Fastest-known near-ML decoding of golden codes

We present a reliability-based near-maximum-likelihood (near-ML) decoder of Golden code with significantly reduced average decoding complexity over the current state of the art We first pre-process the received signal via zero-forcing (ZF) filtering and compute symbol reliabilities at the filter output Reliable symbols are directly decoded and removed from the received signal. The remaining symbols are decoded by reduced-dimension ML or near-ML decoding. Computational studies included herein reveal extensive complexity savings when compared with state-of-the art ML and near-ML decoders for the Golden code. For instance, for the 16-QAM signal constellation at pre-detection signal-to-noise ratio of 28dB that corresponds to bit-error-rate of about 10−4, the presented algorithm achieves more than 96.6% average-complexity savings, while maintaining indistinguishable to ML performance.
Diagnosis and management of prenatally detected myelomeningocele: A preliminary report

Our experience with 23 cases of fetal myelomeningocele provides preliminary information on the outcome of these infants diagnosed in utero and managed by a multidisciplinary team. The mean age of diagnosis was 23.7 weeks (range, 16 to 34 weeks). Mean gestational age at delivery was 36.9 weeks in the 14 patients who elected to continue their pregnancies. None of the 11 infants with lumbosacral or sacral lesions developed significant ventriculomegaly before term. Of the three patients diagnosed with thoracolumbar lesions, two had progression of ventriculomegaly necessitating early delivery at 32 to 34 weeks of gestation. These preliminary findings suggest that a coordinated prenatal and neonatal approach appears to result in a favorable prognosis for infants with myelomeningocele, but that neonatal complications are common, requiring careful monitoring and aggressive management.
H-Y Antigens on mouse spermatozoa

Nachweis, dass jungfrauliche weibliche C5 7BL/6 Mause weder beschleunigte noch verzogerte Ablehnung von syngeneischer mannlicher Hautubertragung nach einer einzigen i.p. Einspritzung von 1 bis 8 Millionen syngeneischen Spermien zeigen.
Modeling the effect of lubrication on friction behavior

Abstract Friction resistance as a function of interface pressure initially rises linearly as pressure increases from zero up to moderate values, as suggested by Coulomb and by Amonton. With further increase in pressure, the rise in friction tapers off. Under severe pressure, friction becomes a constant. Friction resistance as a function of increasing sliding speed decreases dramatically until it reaches a minimum when hydrodynamic lubrication begins and rises moderately with further increase in speed. The characteristics of friction vs. pressure and vs . speed are determined quantitatively using the upper bound approach by calculating the deformation of a thin layer of metal at the surface and eddy flow in the trapped lubricant between surfaces. In this manner the effects of viscosity, topography of the surfaces, speed and pressure on friction are determined. For calculating power consumption within the workpiece, a ridge protruding above the surface is divided into three triangular rigid regions that penetrate further beneath the nominal surface. A simple rigid body motion of each of the three triangles produces a wave-like motion of the ridge. Sliding between the triangles and with respect to the bulk produces surfaces-of-velocity discontinuities which allow calculation of the power consumed by plastic deformation of the moving and deforming body. The eddy flow in the lubricant produces shear losses within the lubricant that are measurable and determine the calculations of total power and characteristics mentioned above. A model for calculating resistance to sliding as a function of pressure, surface geometry and local asperity friction, is used by several investigators in similar studies of the ridge as a mobile element moving in wave-like motion. In these studies, the gap between the two surfaces is empty and the model assumes unlubricated interfaces. In the present work, the gap between the surfaces is filled with lubricant. A mathematical model of the complex flow within the lubricant was formulated to approximate the power consumed within the liquid. The following changes are observed in the interface geometry as speed of sliding increases: the gap size increases while the indentation and the bulge in the softer material both subside. The depth under the surface, which undergoes plastic deformation, also decreases. At a critical speed, when the indentation diminishes, a full film of lubricant begins to separate the two surfaces.
Hemolysin of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans

Abstract 1. 1. A hemolysin found in whole fly homogenates and in midgut homogenates of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) is heat labile, has a slightly acidic pH optimum, and is non-dialyzable. 2. 2. Hemolytic activity is enhanced by dialysis but not by removal of Ca2+ alone. 3. 3. The hemolytic curves obtained are sigmoidal, which suggests some cooperative acivity. 4. 4. This hemolysin is activated by addition of trypsin to the homogenates.
Dust clouds around red giant stars: Evidence of sublimating comet disks?☆

The dust production by disk comets around intermediate mass stars evolving into red giants is studied, focusing on AGB supergiants. The model of Iben and Renzini (1983) is used to study the observed dust mass loss for AGB stars. An expression is obtained for the comet disk net dust production rate and values of the radius and black body temperature corresponding to peak sublimation are calculated for a range of stellar masses. Also, the fractional amount of dust released from a cometesimal disk during a classical nova outburst is estimated.
Transvestism and hanging episodes in a male adolescent

A case of transvestism in a male of 17 is presented to illustrate some of the psychodynamics of the illness. Since early adolescence, the patient has frequently dressed in stolen female clothing to add to the gratification of masturbation. On several occasions, he has hanged himself while in the transvestite act. Although many aspects of his behavior appeared psychopathic, they seemed, on closer examination, to have specific origins and mechanisms. Relevant to the case is the phenomenon which is pointed out, in which the body is equated with the penis. In view of Gutheil's recognition of the frequency with which male transvestites use hanging and strangulation as part of the eonistic ritual, it is suggested that the body-phallus equation may frequently play a role both in the psychodynamics of transvestism and in the utilization of constriction of the neck as a sexual stimulant.
An Economic Comparison of Producing Catfish, Ictalurus punctatusStockers with Either 9-cm, 11-cm, or 13-cm Fingerlings

Abstract A pond production study was conducted to analyze the effect of fingerling size at stocking on net yield, growth, final size, and feed conversion ratio of stocker catfish produced on farm. Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatusfingerlings of either 9-cm, 11-cm, or 13-cm were stocked into 0.04-ha earthen ponds at 100,000/ha for 116 days. Stocking larger fingerlings significantly (P < 0.05) increased total yield, net yield, net daily yield, growth, final weight, final length, and FCR. Total yield was related linearly to size of fingerling at stocking (y = 732.3x – 3513.5; R2 = 0.93). Mean weight of fish at harvest was related linearly to the size of fingerling at stocking (y = 10.841x – 41.159; R2 = 0.83). Total operating costs ($/ha) and breakeven costs per stocker ($/fish) increased with increasing size of fingerling stocked while breakeven price on a weight basis ($/kg) decreased with increasing size of fingerling stocked. The risk of production costs exceeding market price was lower for production...
Work status and the quality of life

The general thesis from which this paper derived is that objective conditions are related to perceptions and evaluations of those conditions, but that such relationships are mediated by personal characteristics such as expectation and aspiration levels, and other motivational factors. The specific relationship examined is that between work status and overall life satisfaction among women. Although there is little difference in average levels of life satisfaction expressed by housewives and by women working outside the home, substantial differences emerge when women are distinguished by their motivation with respect to paid work: among women who want jobs, working women are more satisfied with their lives than are housewives; while among those who would prefer not to work, housewives are more satisfied. Evidence is also found in support of a hypothesis that work tends to be less central to the overall quality of women's lives than is true for men.
Methods for Validating Computer Simulation Models of Missile Systems

An overview of simulation model validation methodology is presented, with emphasis on how these techniques may be applied in the missile simulation environment. Because many missile simulations produce an output time series that must be matched to corresponding flight or other laboratory test data, the primary focus is on time series methods. Univariate spectral analysis and cross-spectral analysis techniques useful in simulation model validation are described. Two examples of the use of spectral analysis in validation computer simulation models are given.
Women and Social Research at Bryn Mawr College, 1915-40.

In 1911 M. Carey Thomas, president of Bryn Mawr College, faced a golden opportunity. An alumna of the college had died suddenly, leaving Bryn Mawr its largest gift since Joseph Wright Taylor's initial endowment for the establishment of the college. Emma Carola Woerishoffer's unrestricted $750,000 donation provided Thomas unaccustomed freedom to expand Bryn Mawr's curriculum. In 1915 Thomas used a large portion of the bequest to establish the Graduate Department of Social Economy and Social Research for the training and certification of social workers and for the master's and doctoral education of social researchers. Bryn Mawr's department and program were unusual, as training schools for social workers were run largely by charity organization societies. The department's singularity was derived from its location within an academic institution and its determination to provide women the opportunity to pursue research in the social sciences. This effort to link research and practice was rare, although the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy under Sophonisba Breckenridge and Edith Abbott shared a similar commitment. When the school joined the University of Chicago as the School of Social Service Administration in 1920, Breckenridge and Abbott walked "a fine line between the established social sciences and the friendly visitors" of the Charity Organization Society. The tension at Chicago was exacerbated by the gender distinctions marking the social science graduate departments staffed largely by men and the social service school staffed largely by women. Such distinctions did not exist within the Bryn Mawr faculty. At Bryn Mawr tension was evident between a graduate professional
Researching the Oklahoma City bombing

The authors present a literature retrieval strategy for investigators who plan to conduct research on the Oklahoma City bombing. To facilitate a comprehensive review of the scholarly research on disasters, mass emergencies, and terrorism, a multidatabase search strategy is strongly encouraged. Secondly, a wealth of current information and data on the bombing are available on "popular" and "news" files. Language: en
A Method for Treating Wheat Pollen with Ultraviolet Radiation for Genetic Experiments

A method for treating wheat pollen with ultraviolet radiation, for genetic experiments is described. The construction of a special bolometer for measuring incident radiation falling from all directions, which was used for estimating the dose delivered to the pollen, is discussed. (auth)
Adaptive error control for nanometer scale network-on-chip links

The authors present an adaptive error control method for switch-to-switch links in nanoscale networks-on-chip to manage reliability, throughput and energy. Unlike previous works, the proposed method adjusts both error detection and correction simultaneously at runtime. For a given application or predicted noise scenario, an appropriate error control scheme is selected for reliable message transmission. When link conditions degrade, more powerful error detection and correction are temporarily provided to recover the previous message. To achieve this adaptation, the authors create a configurable M-error correction, 2M-error detection code, combined with a hybrid automatic repeat request retransmission policy. Simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce residual flit error rate by over three orders of magnitude and achieve up to 75% higher average throughput compared to other error control methods. Further, average energy per successfully transmitted flit is reduced by up to 15% compared to fixed error control in a 65-nm technology. Compared to a recent adaptive error detection method, a 34% energy reduction can be achieved in high noise environment, at the expense of moderate area overhead.
X-Ray Imaging With Two-Dimensional Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Arrays

Two basic approaches to digital radiography have been thoroughly investigated in the last decade. In one, the traditional video chain is modified, and the output of the camera is digitized and analyzed by a computer to produce an image of the area of the body being examined. The other approach uses a linear detector array to generate a sequential series of line images as the array is scanned across the area being observed; the line images are then combined by a computer to form a two-dimensional image. We are investigating the characteristics of a third method, a prototype digital radiography system in which two-dimensional diode arrays (CCD) are fiberoptically coupled directly to either a scintillating fiberoptic plate or to a fluorescent screen. In this paper we describe the- concepts and design configuration of this approach, as well as preliminary results from several phantom studies. Our results indicate that high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio imaging can be attained with this method.
Interference with the determination of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid by various plant proteins

Summary The assay for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, is a widely used technique that is subject to decreased sensitivity unless interfering substances are removed. The work presented shows that sensitivity of the assay is decreased by protein, sulf hydryl reagents, and amines. Type and amount of protein present influenced sensitivity of the assay. Protein from soybeans decreased sensitivity more than protein from tomato. Interference with the assay also occurred with small molecules containing functional groups found in proteins; the interference did not, however, seem entirely related to the functional groups. Improved detection of ACC in the presence of interfering materials was accomplished by increasing the concentration of HgCl 2 from 10 mmol L -1 to 50 mmol L -1 This observation suggests that the sensitivity of ACC determination may be improved by simply increasing the concentration of HgCl 2 in the assay.
Advanced communications, navigation and technology concepts for a Mars 2018 orbiter

Recently, JPL mission designers have been investigating prospects for a Mars 2018 mission. The possibility of such a mission is being examined, at the request of NASA HQ, in the wake of NASA's departure from ESA's ExoMars missions, as well as to support general Mars program replanning. The idea is to create a mission concept, with a 2018 launch, that would be relevant to: eventual Mars sample return for NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) and the Planetary Decadal Survey; human exploration for NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD); and technology development for NASA's Office of the Chief Technologist (OCT). The conceptual mission studies described in this paper consider only a Mars orbiter. However, it should be noted that possibilities for a stationary lander or rover have not been ruled out. High bandwidth communications and advanced navigation would be likely elements of an orbiter mission. If a 2018 Mars orbiter were approved, it could spur the implementation of enhanced Deep Space Network (DSN) capabilities that could in turn benefit many future missions.
On the morphological development of second-phase particles in elastically-stressed solids

We examine the equilibrium shape and the dynamics of the morphological evolution of a coherent misfitting particle in an elastically anisotropic medium. No a priori assumptions are made on the possible particle morphologies; the particle evolves in a manner consistent with both the diffusion and elastic fields surrounding the particle and the thermodynamics of interfaces in stressed solids. Through these calculations we find the thermodynamically stable equilibrium shape of a misfitting particle. By thermodynamically stable we mean that all the equilibrium conditions, elastic, chemical and interfacial are satisfied simultaneously, in contrast to previous treatments which determined the equilibrium shape by minimizing the sum of the elastic and interfacial energies for certain classes of particle shapes. We find that the equilibrium particle morphologies are not simple geometric shapes, have fourfold symmetry and a continuously varying interfacial curvature with position along the interface. Furthermore, the results show that the times required for a particle to evolve to its equilibrium morphology are likely to be within those which are accessible experimentally. In addition, we develop a general approach for determining the equilibrium shape of a particle in an elastically stressed solid.
Decomposition and analysis in frege’s grundgesetze

Frege seems to hold two incompatible theses:(i) that sentences differing in structure can yet express the same sense; and (ii) that the senses of the meaningful parts of a complex term are determinate parts of the sense of the term. Dummett offered a solution, distinguishing analysis from decomposition. The present paper offers an embellishment of Dummett’s distinction by providing a way of depicting the internal structures of complex senses—determinate structures that yield distinct decompositions. Decomposition is then shown to be adequate as a foundation for the informativity and analyticity of logic