cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
O Captain, My Captain! Robin Williams and Transformative Learning in Dead Poets Society, Good Will Hunting and Patch Adams

According to Jack Mezirow the student, in the transformative learning experience, goes through a distinct change in identity: his or her world view has been significantly changed in some way, shape or form. Drawing from the foundational scholarly theories of Mezirow, the continued research of Cranton, and others, this chapter analyzes transformative learning, examining the student/teacher relationship in the context of contemporary Hollywood film. In particular, this chapter will address the roles that Robin Williams played in three Hollywood feature films from 1989 to 1998. In Dead Poets Society (1989 [Film] Peter Weir, dir. USA: Touchstone Pictures) Williams’ character, John Keating, is a high school English teacher who uses teaching techniques that ultimately transform his students. In Good Will Hunting (1997 [Film] Gus Van Sant, dir. USA: Miramax), Robin Williams is a therapist/educator, Dr. Sean Maguire, who takes in the troubled, eponymous Will for personalized behavioral therapy which shifts Will’s worldview. Lastly, in Patch Adams (1998 [Film] Tom Shadyac. Dir. USA: Universal Pictures), Williams is a medical student, Hunter Adams, who rejects the impersonalized approach to doctor/patient relationships that are taught at the university; the student, in this case, transforms the university academic staff, and some of its students, and their idea of the quality of patient treatment. This chapter explores film narrative, character development (particularly the student/teacher relationship) and the star persona in order to engage with the transformative education process as represented through the films of Robin Williams.
Compensating for Temperature Drops in Still Retorts

Heat penetration measurements were done on 303 × 406 and 603 × 700 cans of whole kernel corn in brine in a still retort with intentional deviations in retort temperature. Based on the magnitude and duration of the deviation, supplemental time at the scheduled process temperature was added to the process according to published correction procedures. In all cases (six points from the correction procedure were evaluated), the least Fo values for the corrected processes were equal to or greater than the least Fo values for the corresponding scheduled process without deviation. On 303 × 406 cans with a retort temperature of 121.1°C, the least Fo values for the corrected processes ranged from 15.1 to 18.8, compared with 14.7 for the 26-L process. On 303 × 406 cans with a retort temperature of 115.6°C, the least Fo values for the corrected processes ranged from 10.9 to 12.3, compared with 10.8 for the 26-L process. Accordingly, the published correction procedures were satisfactory to compensate for temperature drops in still retorts for the convention heating product used in this study.
Substance Use Disorders among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Dangerous but Understudied Combination

This paper reviews research on substance use and disorders (SUDs) among adults with diabetes. It describes epidemiological data on SUDs in persons with type 2 diabetes, overviews effects of substance use on diabetes outcomes, and discusses treatments for SUDs in patients with diabetes. Rates of current smoking range from 10 to 26% and alcohol use disorders are 0–5%. Rates of illicit SUDs are 3–4%, but there are no population-based studies using nationally representative samples. Smoking increases the risk for long-term diabetes complications and premature death. Alcohol and illicit drug use can also impact long-term diabetes complications by impairing glucose homeostasis and adversely influencing self-management behaviors. There is mixed evidence about psychosocial smoking cessation interventions in adults with diabetes and little on alcohol and illicit SUD interventions. Limited data exist on pharmacotherapies for SUDs in this population, but a recent study suggests that varenicline is safe and effective for treating smoking in patients with diabetes. Substance use is an understudied problem in type 2 diabetes, and addressing substance use holds potential for improving outcomes. Additional large population-based epidemiological studies in those with type 2 diabetes are needed, particularly for alcohol and illicit SUDs. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to better understand the time course of diabetes onset and outcomes in relation to SUDs. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess safety and efficacy of promising psychosocial and pharmacological interventions.
‘Cruel to be kind?’ Professionalization, politics and the image of the abstinent psychoanalyst, c. 1940–80:

This article investigates the changing justifications of one of the hallmarks of orthodox psychoanalytic practice, the neutral and abstinent stance of the psychoanalyst, during the middle decades of the 20th century. To call attention to the shifting rationales behind a supposedly cold, detached style of treatment still today associated with psychoanalysis, explanations of the clinical utility of neutrality and abstinence by ‘classical’ psychoanalysts in the United States are contrasted with how intellectuals and cultural critics understood the significance of psychoanalytic abstinence. As early as the 1930s, members of the Frankfurt School discussed the cultural and social implications of psychoanalytic practices. Only in the 1960s and 1970s, however, did psychoanalytic abstinence become a topic within broader intellectual debates about American social character and the burgeoning ‘therapy culture’ in the USA. The shift from professional and epistemological concerns to cultural and political ones is indi...
Mathematical Modeling of Cellular Cross-Talk Between Endothelial and Tumor Cells Highlights Counterintuitive Effects of VEGF-Targeted Therapies

Tumor growth and progression are critically dependent on the establishment of a vascular support system. This is often accomplished via the expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors, including members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of ligands. VEGF ligands are overexpressed in a wide variety of solid tumors and therefore have inspired optimism that inhibition of the different axes of the VEGF pathway-alone or in combination-would represent powerful anti-angiogenic therapies for most cancer types. When considering treatments that target VEGF and its receptors, it is difficult to tease out the differential anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects of all combinations experimentally because tumor cells and vascular endothelial cells are engaged in a dynamic cross-talk that impacts key aspects of tumorigenesis, independent of angiogenesis. Here we develop a mathematical model that connects intracellular signaling responsible for both endothelial and tumor cell proliferation and death to population-level cancer growth and angiogenesis. We use this model to investigate the effect of bidirectional communication between endothelial cells and tumor cells on treatments targeting VEGF and its receptors both in vitro and in vivo. Our results underscore the fact that in vitro therapeutic outcomes do not always translate to the in vivo situation. For example, our model predicts that certain therapeutic combinations result in antagonism in vivo that is not observed in vitro. Mathematical modeling in this direction can shed light on the mechanisms behind experimental observations that manipulating VEGF and its receptors is successful in some cases but disappointing in others.
How far is it from the Earth to the Sun

In an excerpt from his new book, David S. Salsburg explains how errors, blunders and lies have dogged scientific endeavours throughout history, and how statistical methods help manage and minimise these problems
Clinical Management of Potential Toxicities and Drug Interactions Related to Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: Practical Considerations and Recommendations

Aberrations of the cell cycle are pervasive in cancer, and selective cell cycle inhibition of cancer cells is a target of choice for a number of novel cancer therapeutics. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes that control cell cycle transitions and the commitment to cell division. Palbociclib and ribociclib are both orally active, highly selective reversible inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer in combination with specific endocrine therapies. A third oral CDK4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, received Breakthrough Therapy designation status from the FDA and is also being developed in breast cancer. The most common adverse events associated with palbociclib and ribociclib are hematologic, particularly neutropenia. However, the neutropenia associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors is distinct from chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in that it is rapidly reversible, reflecting a cytostatic effect on neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow. Most hematologic abnormalities seen with CDK4/6 inhibitors are not complicated and are adequately managed with standard supportive care and dose adjustments when indicated. Cytopenias are less prevalent with abemaciclib, although fatigue and gastrointestinal toxicity is more common with this agent. This review focuses on the clinical management of potential toxicities and drug interactions seen with the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer, with a focus on palbociclib and ribociclib, and summarizes practical management strategies for an oncologist. Implications for practice The emergence of modern cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors has changed the treatment paradigm for metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are highly selective reversible inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6. Palbociclib is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved in the first- and second-line settings in combination with endocrine therapy for HR-positive metastatic breast cancer. Ribociclib is FDA-approved in the first-line setting. Abemaciclib has received FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation status. This review focuses on the clinical management of potential toxicities and drug interactions seen with the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer.
Measuring social interaction during study abroad: Quantitative methods and challenges

Abstract This paper examines ways of measuring (assigning numbers to) social interaction and language use during study abroad. It reviews the development of instruments for such measurement and describes some of the connections that have been made between quantitative measures of social second language use and language development while abroad. Measures addressed include the Language Contact Profile, language logs, the Social Network Questionnaire, the Study Abroad Social Interaction Questionnaire, online social media, photo elicitation, mobile phone surveys, and other computational methodologies. The paper encourages mixed methods for clearer and more elaborate understanding and more detailed documentation of tools and procedures for better understanding of cross-study similarities and differences.
The Current and Future State of the Sharing Economy

This paper finds that the sharing economy is “the peer-to-peer based activity of obtaining, giving, or sharing access to good and services”. Alternative names for this phenomenon include gig economy, platform economy, access economy, and collaborative consumption. The sharing economy is estimated to grow from $14 billion in 2014 to $335 billion by 2025. This estimate is based on the rapid growth of Uber and Airbnb as indicative. Data shows that private vehicles go unused for 95 per cent of their lifetime. Together with the fact that there are fewer requirements to drive for Lyft, Ola and Uber than for a taxi company means greater supply of rides. Prices of shared services are also falling as indicated by Airbnb rates that are between 30 and 60 per cent cheaper than hotel rates around the world. More information shared on an online platform can lead to greater trust between users, but it can also lead to racial and gender bias. Sharing economy companies must work to combat bias on their platforms, both in their algorithms and their users. Removing some identifying information from profiles lowers risk of bias. It is difficult for any one company to form a monopoly since the cost for customers to switch between sharing economy services is quite low.
Tomographic Reconstruction from Electron Micrographs

Reconstruction from a tilt series of electron micrographs is based on the assumption that each image represents a projection through the specimen, and that the 3D information can be recovered by “back-projecting” all the images in the correct geometry. We use algorithms that are integrative (back-projection or Fourier inversion) or iterative (algebraic or maximum entropy methods). In practical tomography, we can only record a finite set of images at a dose low enough to avoid radiation damage, yielding noisy tomograms with missing information. The quality of the tomograms depends on the algorithmic details, but also on the pre-processing of the tilt series images, and post-processing of the tomographic volume.
Abstract 16671: Thermodilution Underestimates Cardiac Output During Exercise Leading to Frequent Erroneous Diagnoses of Exercise-induced Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction: Recent interest in establishing a definition of exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension (EiPH) has resulted in two potential criteria: mean pulmonary artery pressure/cardiac output (m...
RNA self-assembly contributes to stress granule formation and defining the stress granule transcriptome

Stress granules are higher order assemblies of nontranslating mRNAs and proteins that form when translation initiation is inhibited. Stress granules are thought to form by protein–protein interactions of RNA-binding proteins. We demonstrate RNA homopolymers or purified cellular RNA forms assemblies in vitro analogous to stress granules. Remarkably, under conditions representative of an intracellular stress response, the mRNAs enriched in assemblies from total yeast RNA largely recapitulate the stress granule transcriptome. We suggest stress granules are formed by a summation of protein–protein and RNA–RNA interactions, with RNA self-assembly likely to contribute to other RNP assemblies wherever there is a high local concentration of RNA. RNA assembly in vitro is also increased by GR and PR dipeptide repeats, which are known to increase stress granule formation in cells. Since GR and PR dipeptides are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, this suggests that perturbations increasing RNA–RNA assembly in cells could lead to disease.
Using triggered operations to offload rendezvous messages

Historically, MPI implementations have had to choose between eager messaging protocols that require buffering and rendezvous protocols that sacrifice overlap and strong independent progress in some scenarios. The typical choice is to use an eager protocol for short messages and switch to a rendezvous protocol for long messages. If overlap and progress are desired, some implementations offer the option of using a thread. We propose an approach that leverages triggered operations to implement a long message rendezvous protocol that provides strong progress guarantees. The results indicate that a triggered operation based rendezvous can achieve better overlap than a traditional rendezvous implementation and less wasted band width than an eager long protocol.
Résumé of the Congress

The Opening Session of the Twelfth International Congress of Applied Mechanics was held in Frost Amphitheater on the Stanford University campus.
SoilComm: A miniaturized through-soil wireless data transmission system

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSN), are emerging Internet-of-things (IoT) technologies, that can benefit numerous applications including geotechnical data acquisition for online infrastructural health monitoring and automated agricultural systems. State-of-the-art approaches to wireless underground sensor communications have employed, as their data carrier, electromagnetic waves, characterized by: their extreme signal path losses in soil due to absorption and scattering, the challenges they impose on transceiver miniaturization, and the power/energy efficiency constraints they suffer from during battery-based operation. Acoustic waves can resolve many of these challenges, benefiting from lower levels of absorption and scattering losses at target frequencies, and from looser size limitations, resulting in smaller form factor, power-efficient transceivers. In this work, biologically inspired, and afterwards motivated by the physical properties of acoustic propagation in soil, a scheme for wireless data communication through soil employing acoustic waves is presented. Experimental results illustrate the system capability of sending application-specific data, ranging from sensor readings to low-resolution images, over distances exceeding 30 m through soil.
Common Caribbean corals exhibit highly variable responses to future acidification and warming

We conducted a 93-day experiment investigating the independent and combined effects of acidification (280-3300 µatm pCO2) and warming (28°C and 31°C) on calcification and linear extension rates of four key Caribbean coral species ( Siderastrea siderea, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Porites astreoides, Undaria tenuifolia) from inshore and offshore reefs on the Belize Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System. All species exhibited nonlinear declines in calcification rate with increasing pCO2. Warming only reduced calcification in Ps. strigosa. Of the species tested, only S. siderea maintained positive calcification in the aragonite-undersaturated treatment . Temperature and pCO2 had no effect on the linear extension of S. siderea and Po. astreoides, and natal reef environment did not impact any parameter examined. Results suggest that S. siderea is the most resilient of these corals to warming and acidification owing to its ability to maintain positive calcification in all treatments, Ps. strigosa and U. tenuifolia are the least resilient, and Po. astreoides falls in the middle. These results highlight the diversity of calcification responses of Caribbean corals to projected global change.
Heated Crevice Investigation of the Effects of Feedwater Chemistry on Crevice Chemistry and Crevice Potential

A device has been constructed which mimics the geometry and operating conditions of a tube/tube support plate crevice in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator. This apparatus is instrumented to measure the tube wall temperature in the crevice, the free span and crevice potentials, and the crevice chemistry. Results have been obtained for 280 C NaOH solutions continuously pumped through the autoclave under several crevice temperature and power levels. Changes in tube wall temperature changes after superheat was applied indicated that various depths in the crevice underwent several thermal-hydraulic transitions before reaching equilibrium conditions. The lower third of the crevice was wetted at equilibrium. Sodium hydroxide concentrated at rates near the theoretical limit until equilibrium was reached at concentration factors in the 10{sup 4} range.
Travel During Pregnancy: Results From an Ultrasound Unit-Based Questionnaire.

Background The frequency of domestic and international travel among women residing in the United States, and specifically Wisconsin, during pregnancy is not known. Given the recent epidemic of Zika virus disease, clinicians should be aware of the frequency of travel during pregnancy and should inquire about travel by pregnant women, women of reproductive age, and their sexual partners. Methods Due to the Zika epidemic, our obstetric ultrasound center added questions about international and domestic travel to a general health form that is routinely distributed to all patients presenting for anatomic ultrasounds. The forms were then collected and recorded in order to provide an estimate of the frequency of travel during the first half of pregnancy. Results Of 1,256 women screened, 64 (5.1%) traveled internationally and 498 (39.6%) traveled domestically prior to their anatomic ultrasound. Additionally, 77 (6.1%) women screened reported international travel by their sexual partner. Among international travelers, 20 (28.1%) traveled to destinations with active ongoing transmission of Zika virus disease, and 16 (25%) traveled after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a travel alert for the area. Among domestic travelers, Florida was the sixth most common destination, and Texas was the 10th most common. Conclusions In the population of women screened by this questionnaire, 5.1% traveled internationally and 39.6% traveled domestically prior to their anatomic ultrasound. Notably, Florida and Texas are common travel destinations among women at this clinic, and both have had active local transmission of Zika virus.
Progress on the representation of women in JGP.

In July 2018, JGP instituted a new policy requiring that every paper sent out for review would be seen by at least one female reviewer; I refer to that policy here as Reviewer Equity ([Gordon, 2018][1]). One year on, it is time to examine the effectiveness of Reviewer Equity and its consequences to
The online submodular cover problem

In the submodular cover problem, we are given a monotone submodular function f : 2N R+, and we want to pick the min-cost set S such that f(S) = f(N). This captures the set cover problem when f is a coverage function. Motivated by problems in network monitoring and resource allocation, we consider the submodular cover problem in an online setting. As a concrete example, suppose at each time t, a nonnegative monotone submodular function gt is given to us. We define [MATH HERE] as the sum of all functions seen so far. We need to maintain a submodular cover of these submodular functions f(1), f(2),...f(T) in an online fashion; i.e., we cannot revoke previous choices. Formally, at each time t we produce a set St ⊆ N such that f(t)(St) = f(t)(N)---i.e., this set St is a cover---such that St−1 ⊆ St, so previously decisions to pick elements cannot be revoked. (We actually allow more general sequences {f(t)} of submodular functions, but this sum-of-simpler-submodular-functions case is useful for concreteness.) We give polylogarithmic competitive algorithms for this online submodular cover problem. The competitive ratio on an input sequence of length T is O(ln n ln(T · fmax/fmin)), where fmax and fmin are the largest and smallest marginals for functions f(t), and |N| = n. For the special case of online set cover, our competitive ratio matches that of Alon et al. [AAA+09], which are best possible for polynomial-time online algorithms unless NP ⊆ BPP [Kor04]. Since existing offline algorithms for submodular cover are based on greedy approaches which seem difficult to implement online, the technical challenge is to (approximately) solve the exponential-sized linear programming relaxation for submodular cover, and to round it, both in the online setting. Moreover, to get our competitiveness bounds, we define a (seemingly new) generalization of mutual information to general submodular functions, which we call mutual coverage; we hope this will be useful in other contexts.
Verbs describing routines facilitate object omission in English

Which normally-transitive English verbs can omit their objects ( I ate ), and why? This paper explores three factors that have been suggested to facilitate object omission: (i) how strongly a verb selects its object (Resnik 1993); (ii) a verb's frequency (Goldberg 2005); (iii) the extent to which the verb is associated with a routine – a recognized, conventional series of actions within a community (Levin & Rapaport Hovav 2014; Marti­ 2015). To operationalize (iii), this paper leverages the assumption that a given verb may be more strongly associated with a routine in one community than another. Comparing writings across communities, this paper offers corpus and experimental evidence that verbs omit their objects more readily in the communities where they are more strongly associated with a routine. Object-omitting uses of verbs are analyzed, following other work, as intransitive aspectual activities describing an agent's routine actions; so the hearer's task is not to recover a missing object, but to recognize the routine described by the verb. More broadly, the paper explores how the meaning and syntactic potential of verbs are shaped by the practices of the people who use them.
The Actions of IGF-1 in the Growth Plate and its Role in Postnatal Bone Elongation

Bone elongation is a complex process driven by multiple intrinsic (hormones, growth factors) and extrinsic (nutrition, environment) variables. Bones grow in length by endochondral ossification in cartilaginous growth plates at ends of developing long bones. This review provides an updated overview of the important factors that influence this process. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the major hormone required for growth and a drug for treating pediatric skeletal disorders. Temperature is an underrecognized environmental variable that also impacts linear growth. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the interaction of IGF-1 and environmental factors on bone elongation. Understanding how internal and external variables regulate bone lengthening is essential for developing and improving treatments for an array of bone elongation disorders. Future studies may benefit from understanding how these unique relationships could offer realistic new approaches for increasing bone length in different growth-limiting conditions.
An exploration of genetic association tests for disease risk and age at onset

Risk genes influence the chance of an individual developing disease over their lifetime, although the age at onset (AAO) genes influence disease timing. These two categories are not disjoint; a gene that influences AAO might also appear to influence the risk. When an allele influences both AAO and risk, a reasonable question is whether we would have more power to detect association using a statistical test based on risk or AAO. To address this question, we compared power analytically for the Cochran-Armitage trend case-control test for risk and a linear regression case-only test for AAO. We also used simulations to compare the power of these tests with a 2-degree of freedom joint test (which combines the risk and AAO statistics) and the Cox proportional hazards survival model testing AAO (with censored data in controls). We found that when there is little heterogeneity, the case-control risk test has more power than the case-only AAO test (with equivalent sample sizes), but when the model is complex (e.g., with heterogeneity or reduced penetrance), the relationship reverses. The joint test generally outperforms the risk or AAO test alone and ultimately is our recommendation as a powerful alternative in many scenarios.
Piety on Stage: Popular Drama and the Public Life of Early Modern Jewish Confraternities

In the summer of 1720, in the ghetto of Ferrara, the members of the devotional confraternity Ḥadashim la-bekarim (Daily Renewal) organized and staged public readings of Moses Zacuto’s dramatic poem Tofteh ‘arukh (Hell Arrayed). The readings, which were held after midnight and included musical accompaniment by an instrumental ensemble, afforded the opportunity for the entire community to channel religious and aesthetical impulses into a public ritual of devotion, while supplying the members of the confraternity a platform from which to popularize both their rites and the underlying learned culture. The Ferrara readings were by no means an isolated phenomenon. Marking the observance of liturgical feasts with the organization of sometimes elaborate events, in which ritual enactment and entertainment were combined, was a staple of Jewish confraternal life in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Italy. These performances, most of which were at the semi-professional or amateur level, went from dramatized readings to cantatas, to small oratorios, and often involved purportedly composed Hebrew poetry of considerable literary merit. By reconstructing the commissioning, performance, and audience reception of some of these works, this essay explores the ways in which devotional confraternities and akin groups used dramatic and music poetry to promote confraternal rituals and gain new visibility, thus also contributing to reshape the public sphere inside the ghetto. Keywords: Early Modern Italy; Jewish devotional confraternities; Hebrew poetry for music; Hebrew dramatic poetry; Immanuel Frances; Moses Zacuto
Stealing and sharing memories: Source monitoring biases following collaborative remembering

Abstract People experience difficulties tracking the source of their memories following collaborative remembering. This results in a variety of source monitoring errors. Researchers have typically focused on one of these errors - instances of adopting information from external sources as one's own memories. They have failed to investigate the frequency of other possible source monitoring errors. Because of this, it is impossible to say whether observed instances of mistakenly adopting external information represent a true bias in remembering or whether these errors simply reflect one of many memory errors that have an equal likelihood of occurring. In two studies, we teased apart these two possibilities. Members of dyads individually studied pictures with some items appearing in both participants' pictures and some unique to each one's pictures. Participants then collaboratively recalled what items were present. After the collaborative recall, participants completed individual source monitoring tests. We found that participants displayed biases in their source monitoring errors for information discussed during collaborative remembering. They were more likely to adopt information from partners as their own memories than attribute their contributions to their partners. They also more often believed their memories (rather than their partner's) were shared, representing a false consensus. Importantly, these biases only occurred following collaborative remembering and not when individuals received comparable information in a non-social setting. These results illuminate the importance of investigating the relative, and not just absolute, frequency of source monitoring errors and provide insight into how collaborative remembering changes individual memories over time.
Engaging Potential Donors

Each prospective donor is unique and the process of major gift solicitation must be undertaken in this context. Using information from the research on donor motivations and best practices, this chapter provides a framework to apply in developing donor engagement plans that are individualized and strategic. This chapter illustrates the stages of major donor engagement and provides a model for the process of gift solicitation. It reminds academic leaders of the importance of self-awareness in forming communication approaches for development. Successful fundraising efforts require realistic expectations and patience, in an era when time can be a leader’s most precious and sought after commodity.
On-Chip Multi-Layer THz Power Generation with Beamforming Capability

In this article, we propose a novel on-chip multi-layer coupled oscillator scheme to generate THz power using industry standard 65-nm CMOS process. The scalable architecture enables to generate 14 dBm effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) in a lensless setup with beamforming capability of ±30 degrees in both E and H planes at 416 GHz. The generated coherent power is radiated through on-chip 4×4 array of patch antennas.
Facial Masculinization from Procedures to Payment: A Review

As the demand for gender-affirming procedures continues to increase, patients and providers have a greater imperative to understand the current state of facial masculinization. Facial reconstruction for transgender women has been shown to treat gender dysphoria effectively and reduce rates of discrimination and victimization. Although facial masculinization surgery for transgender men is less common, there are multiple surgical and nonsurgical options to supplement the effect of hormone therapy on facial appearance, including but not limited to: receding the hair line, flattening the forehead, expanding the supraorbital ridge, increasing the dorsal nasal projection, squaring the jaw, and augmenting the chin. This review aims to summarize these techniques for providers who wish to inform transgender male patients about their options and discuss them in the context of patient satisfaction and availability of insurance coverage.
Examining the impact of racial/ethnic threat on juvenile court outcomes: a multi-level approach

The current study examines whether racial/ethnic threat theory can explain juvenile court outcomes. Specifically, we look at Black population threat and Latino population threat. We also introduce ...
Approaches to Prioritizing the Lab-to-Lab Program

The U.S. and Russian weapons dismantlement process is producing hundreds of tons of excess plutonium (Pu) and highly enriched uranium (HEU) fissile materials. The nuclear operations associated with the final disposition of these materials will be occurring in both countries for decades. A significant accident during these operations could delay the disposition process. Russia-U.S. collaborative efforts to address safety issues associated with disposition processes have been ongoing since 1993. The experience of these collaborative efforts have demonstrated the need for a systematic and formalized approach to identifying and prioritizing collaborative projects. A systematic approach to the successful implementation of a formal program will require the definition of year-by-year program objectives, specific technical program areas, a process for the prioritization and selection of projects, and identification of performance measures to evaluate the success of projects. Specialized working groups established for each technical area are needed to define research priorities, review research proposals, and recommend proposals for funding. A systematic approach to the establishment of a formal U.S.-Russia cooperative program will serve to ensure the safety and continuity of disposition processes and reduce the nuclear proliferation risks presented by this material.
The metabolism of glyceride glycolipids. IV. Enzymatic hydrolysis of monogalactosyl and digalactosyl diglycerides in rat brain.

Abstract Particulate fractions of rat brain catalyze the hydrolysis of radiochemically pure monogalactosyl and digalactosyl diglycerides, which had been synthesized in vitro by enzymes derived from rat brain or spinach chloroplasts. Monogalactosyl-U-14C diglyceride (the galactose being uniformly labeled) yields 14C-galactose when incubated with the mitochondrial fraction of brain at the optimum pH of 4.4 (galactosidase conditions) and monogalactosyl-U-14C glycerol when incubated with the microsomal fraction of brain at the optimum pH of 7.2 (galactolipase conditions). Biosynthesized digalactosyl-U-14C diglyceride is degraded in a similar way. There is no cross-contamination of the two degradative enzyme systems. Studies of activity plotted against age reveal that the galactolipase activity with either monogalactosyl or digalactosyl diglyceride as substrate increases with age (up to at least 40 days) except during the period of most active myelination (approximately 10 to 20 days of age), at which time the galactolipase activity is notably depressed.
Media Access Protocols for use with Smart Array Antennas to Enable Wireless Multimedia Applications

Support of multimedia connectivity, packet access and bandwidth upon demand are essential features of future global communication networks. The core wireline network has evolved towards providing these broadband services. The increasing demand for mobile information access as well as the opportunity to deliver residential broadband service via wireless local loop necessitate the extension of these services to the wireless domain. Combating the time-varying impairments typical of a wireless channel is essential for extending the broadband wireline capability to wireless access systems. Usage of an adaptive array of spatially diverse antenna elements at each base station of a wireless network provides immunity to the effects of multipath fading and co-channel interference, thereby enabling high speed radio access. In this paper we describe three media access control (MAC) protocols which enable the deployment of such an array at the base station. These MAC protocols, by using polling, invoke a pilot tone from each remote user as needed, to allow the base station to continuously adjust the weighting co-efficients of its array antenna, thereby ensuring reliable communication. The advantages/limitations of each of the protocols are examined under various conditions. While the first media access protocol works efficiently in pedestrian oriented systems, it is unsuitable for providing service to vehicular remote users. The latter two MAC protocols facilitate the effective sharing of the high speed radio channel among a plurality of fixed point, pedestrian and remote users in fast moving vehicles, and achieve utilization efficiencies of over 90% for typical system parameters.
Modeling and verifying agent-based communities of web services

Communities of web services are virtual spaces that can dynamically gather different web services having complementary functionalities in order to provide composite services. In the last two years, some approaches have been proposed using multi-agent systems to organize communities of web services. This trend has increased the flexibility but also the system complexity. The system becomes hard to check by simply inspecting its model. Therefore, model checking, which is a wellestablished formal technique for verifying communication and cooperation in multi-agent systems, is used in this paper to verify the system correctness in terms of satisfying desirable properties. The approach presented in the paper is used to verify communities of web services modeled in UML activity diagram. We first translate the activity diagram into an interpreted system model using predefined transformation rules. Specifications are expressed as formulae in a logic extending the Computation Tree Logic CTL* with agent commitments needed for their communication. Then, both the model and formulae are used as inputs for the multi-agent symbolic model checker MCMAS.We illustrate our approach with a short case study, in which we show how communication properties of simulated communities are verified.
Vector meson contributions do not explain the rate and spectrum in K(L) ---> pi0 gamma gamma

We analyze the recent NA48 data for the reaction ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ with and without the assumption of vector meson dominance (VMD). We find that the data are well described by a three-parameter expression inspired by $\mathcal{O}{(p}^{6})$ chiral perturbation theory. We also find that it is impossible to fit the shape of the decay distribution and the overall rate simultaneously if one imposes the VMD constraints on the three parameters. We comment on the different fits and their implications for the $\mathrm{CP}$-conserving component of the decay ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}.$
Evaluation of a three-dimensional MR acoustic radiation force imaging pulse sequence using a novel unbalanced bipolar motion encoding gradient.

Purpose MR guided focused ultrasound procedures require accurate focal spot localization in three dimensions. This study presents a three-dimensional (3D) pulse sequence for acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI) that efficiently localizes the focal spot by means of ultrasound induced tissue displacement over a large field-of-view. Methods A novel unbalanced bipolar motion encoding gradient was implemented to maximize time available for motion encoding, reduce echo times, and allow for longer echo train lengths. Two advanced features, kz reduction factor (KZRF) and kz-level interleaving, were implemented to reduce tissue heating. Studies in gelatin phantoms compared the location of peak displacement and temperature measured by 3D MR thermometry. MR-ARFI induced tissue heating was evaluated through a parametric study of sequence parameters and MR thermometry measurements during repeated application of ARFI sonication patterns. Sequence performance was characterized in the presence of respiration and tissue inhomogeneity. Results The location of peak displacement and temperature rise agreed within 0.2 ± 0.1 mm and 0.5 ± 0.3 mm in the transverse and longitudinal direction, respectively. The 3D displacement maps were acquired safely, and the KZRF and kz-level interleaving features reduced tissue heating by 51%. High quality displacement maps were obtained despite respiration and tissue inhomogeneities. Conclusion This sequence provides a safe, accurate, and simple approach to localizing the focal spot in three dimensions with a single scan. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Down-regulation of the chemokine receptor CCR5 by activation of chemotactic formyl peptide receptor in human monocytes

Interactions between cell surface receptors are important regulatory elements in the complex host responses to infections. In this study, it is shown that a classic chemotactic factor, the bacterial chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenyl-alanine (fMLF), rapidly induced a protein-kinase-C-mediated serine phosphorylation and down-regulation of the chemokine receptor CCR5, which serves as a major human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 coreceptor. The fMLF binding to its receptor, formyl peptide receptor (FPR), resulted in significant attenuation of cell responses to CCR5 ligands and in inhibition of HIV-1-envelope-glycoprotein-mediated fusion and infection of cells expressing CD4, CCR5, and FPR. The finding that the expression and function of CCR5 can be regulated by peptides that use an unrelated receptor may provide a novel approach to the design of anti-inflamatory and antiretroviral agents. (Blood. 2000;96:2887-2894)
Surface Modeling and Display from Range and Color Data

Two approaches for modeling surfaces from a collection of range maps and associated color images are covered. The first approach presents a method that robustly obtains a closed mesh that approximates the object geometry. The mesh can then be simplified and texture mapped for display. The second approach does not attempt to create a single object model. Instead, a set of models is constructed, one model for each view of the object. several of the view-based models are rendered separately, and their information is combined in a view-dependent manner for display.
Exclusion of elective nodal irradiation is associated with minimal elective nodal failure in non-small cell lung cancer

Controversy still exists regarding the long-term outcome of patients whose uninvolved lymph node stations are not prophylactically irradiated for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive radiotherapy. To determine the frequency of elective nodal failure (ENF) and in-field failure (IFF), we examined a large cohort of patients with NSCLC staged with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) and treated with 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) that excluded uninvolved lymph node stations. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 115 patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated at our institution with definitive radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy (CHT). All patients were treated with 3D-CRT, including nodal regions determined by CT or PET to be disease involved. Concurrent platinum-based CHT was administered for locally advanced disease. Patients were analyzed in follow-up for survival, local regional recurrence, and distant metastases (DM). The median follow-up time was 18 months (3 to 44 months) among all patients and 27 months (6 to 44 months) among survivors. The median overall survival, 2-year actuarial overall survival and disease-free survival were 19 months, 38%, and 28%, respectively. The majority of patients died from DM, the overall rate of which was 36%. Of the 31 patients with local regional failure, 26 (22.6%) had IFF, 5 (4.3%) had ENF and 2 (1.7%) had isolated ENF. For 88 patients with stage IIIA/B, the frequencies of IFF, any ENF, isolated ENF, and DM were 23 (26%), 3 (9%), 1 (1.1%) and 36 (40.9%), respectively. The comparable rates for the 22 patients with early stage node-negative disease (stage IA/IB) were 3 (13.6%), 1(4.5%), 0 (0%), and 5 (22.7%), respectively. We observed only a 4.3% recurrence of any ENF and a 1.7% recurrence of isolated ENF in patients with NSCLC treated with definitive 3D-CRT without prophylactic irradiation of uninvolved lymph node stations. Thus, distant metastasis and IFF remain the primary causes of treatment failure and cancer death in such patients, suggesting little value of ENI in this cohort.
EFFECT OF FIVE ACARICIDES ON TETRANYCHUS URTICAE (KOCH) AND ITS PREDATORS, STETHORUS SPP (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) IN AN APPLE ORCHARD

Five acaricides chlordimeform, binapacryl, phenisobromolate, cyclosulfyne and tricyclohexyltin-hydroxide were screened against Tetranychus urticae (Koch), two spotted mite, and its coccinellid predators, Stethorus spp. Tricyclohexyltin-hydroxide and cyclosulfyne were the most effective chemicals against T. urticae. Cyclosuffyne, phenisobromolate and chlordimeform were the least toxic acaricides to Stethorus spp for use in an integrated control program.
Immature Ixodes dammini (acari: Ixodidae) on small animals in Connecticut, USA.

More than 10,000 Ixodes dammini ticks, a species associated with human babesiosis and Lyme disease, were collected from 1800 birds (6 species) and mammals (22 species) in 4 plant communities at the Burnham Brook Preserve, East Haddam, Connecticut, USA, during 1979 and 1980. Peromyscus leucopus, Clethrionomys gapperi, Blarina brevicauda, Sciurus carolinensis, Procyon lotor, Tamias striatus , and Napaeozapus insignis were the most commonly collected species and constituted 95% of the small mammals, with P. leucopus accounting for nearly ½ of the captures. Larval I. dammini ticks were most abundant on S. carolinensis and P. leucopus , while C. gapperi harbored the fewest. S. carolinensis, T. striatus , and P. lotor were most heavily infested with nymphs, and B. brevicauda, C. gapperi , and N. insignis carried the fewest. Both larvae and nymphs were taken in approximately equal numbers on P. leucopus and B. brevicauda in each of the 4 plant communities sampled. Larvae were most abundant from April dirough October, with peaks in June and again in August through October; nymphs were encountered from April through October, with a larger peak in June and a smaller one in September. Both larvae and nymphs were taken in approximately equal numbers on juvenile and adult P. leucopus ; males were more heavily infested than were females. A total of 1440 ticks of 6 additional species were also collected from the mammals. Dermacentor variabilis was the most abundant of these species, followed by I. texanus, I. cookei, I. dentatus, I. marxi , and Haemaphysalis leporispalustris . Arboviruses were not recovered from 7902 I. dammini ticks tested in suckling mice, nor were rickettsiae isolated from 1246 nymphs and adults tested in guinea pigs
SOME EFFECTS OF MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC BLOCKING DRUGS ON BEHAVIOR AND THE ELECTROCORTICOGRAM.

Results are presented for the effects of drugs with muscarinic cholinergic blocking actions, both central and peripheral (scopolamine and 1-hyoscyamine) and primarily peripheral (methyl atropine and methyl scopolamine), on conditioned avoidance behavior, spontaneous motor activity, and the ECG in the rat.