cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global evolution of Birkeland currents on 10 min timescales: MHD simulations and observations

[1] In this paper we compare time-dependent global ionospheric field-aligned current (FAC) patterns on 10 min timescales inferred from the Active Magnetosphere and Polar Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) with the high-resolution Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model. The improved LFM model yields temporally varying FAC patterns with a fine structure on the sub-100 km scale. The goal of the study is to explore the responses of observed and simulated FAC patterns and underlying magnetic perturbations to a succession of rapid transitions in the solar wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) parameters. To drive the simulations, we use the upstream Wind and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft measurements recorded on 3 August 2010. For the time interval of interest (� 40 min following the impact of an interplanetary shock), the IMF is characterized by a BZ rotation from southward to northward direction under negative BY conditions. Through this case study analysis, it is found that the simulations have generally reproduced the salient characteristics of both the morphology and dynamics of the AMPERE FAC patterns. Due to the high resolution of the global model, the peak current densities are found to significantly (by a factor of 2–4) exceed those obtained from AMPERE. As a further quantitative analysis, the low-altitude magnetic perturbations measured by Iridium spacecraft and used to derive the AMPERE 2-D FAC patterns are also compared with the magnetic field variations calculated from the simulations. It is found that outside of localized regions of peak current densities, which mainly occur on the dayside and can fall between the Iridium tracks, the simulated magnetic perturbations closely follow the Iridium measurements. This demonstrates, in particular, that there is no systematic bias in the simulations to overestimate the magnetic perturbations and corresponding FAC densities. Overall, our results demonstrate that given sufficient resolution, contemporary global MHD models are capable of reproducing observed features of global ionospheric FAC distributions. This, in particular, suggests the feasibility of potential efforts to assimilate AMPERE observations in global magnetospheric models.
Measuring Acceptance of Computer-Mediated Communication Systems

L'estimation du succes de l'acceptation d'un systeme d'information ou de nouvelles technologies peut assez facilement etre faite apres leur implantation, mais la prevoir avant celle-ci est beaucoup plus problematique. Pour cela les chercheurs en science de l'information doivent concevoir un schema conceptuel commun afin de reunir des donnees qui puissent etre cumulees sur l'utilisation, la satisfaction subjective et les benefices. Cet article rapporte les resultats d'une etude faite dans ce sens pour un type particulier de systeme d'information automatise: ceux concernant la communication. L'analyse des criteres de mesure de la satisfaction subjective identifie quatre facteurs: interface satisfaisant, performances du systeme estimees productives et stimulantes, communications interpersonnelles gardant une valeur de contact humain mode de communication et d'echange d'information. A travers les resultats obtenus, il apparait bien que l'utilisation ou la satisfaction subjective et les benefices percus peuvent varier de facon independante.
Epigenetic Control of a Transposon-Inactivated Gene in Neurospora Is Dependent on DNA Methylation

An unstable allele of the Neurospora am (GDH) gene resulting from integration of the retrotransposon Tad3-2 into 5' noncoding sequences was found in previous work. We report that reversion to Am+ depends on DNA methylation within and upstream of Tad. Levels of methylation were correlated with the proportion of Am+ conidia, whether the cultures were derived from Am- or Am+ isolates. Reversion to Am+ did not occur when conidia were plated on 5-azacytidine, which reduces DNA methylation. The mutation dim-2, which appears to abolish DNA methylation, also prevented reversion to Am+. The native am allele, in a strain that lacked Tad elements, was replaced with am::Tad3-2 or with a deletion derivative that prevents transposition of Tad. Transformants of both classes showed instability comparable with that of the original isolates, which contain multiple Tad elements. Deletion of the upstream enhancer-like sequences, URSam alpha and beta, did not prevent the instability of am::Tad3-2. The results suggest that am expression is dependent on DNA methylation but not on proliferation or transposition of the Tad element and that the instability does not require the upstream sequences of am.
Functional Analysis of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Pho81 Identifies a Novel Inhibitory Domain

In response to phosphate limitation, Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces transcription of a set of genes important for survival. A phosphate-responsive signal transduction pathway mediates this response by controlling the activity of the transcription factor Pho4. Three components of this signal transduction pathway resemble those used to regulate the eukaryotic cell cycle: a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), Pho85; a cyclin, Pho80; and a CDK inhibitor (CKI), Pho81. Pho81 forms a stable complex with Pho80-Pho85 under both high- and low-phosphate conditions, but it only inhibits the kinase when cells are starved for phosphate. Pho81 contains six tandem repeats of the ankyrin consensus domain homologous to the INK4 family of mammalian CKIs. INK4 proteins inhibit kinase activity through an interaction of the ankyrin repeats and the CDK subunits. Surprisingly, we find that a region of Pho81 containing 80 amino acids C terminal to the ankyrin repeats is necessary and sufficient for Pho81's CKI function. The ankyrin repeats of Pho81 appear to have no significant role in Pho81 inhibition. Our results suggest that Pho81 inhibits Pho80-Pho85 with a novel motif.
Direct simulations of turbulent unstratified natural convection in a vertical slot for Pr = 0.71

Turbulent unstratified natural convection in a vertical slot geometry is computed by integrating the unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. In the simulations no turbulence model is required and all the essential scales of turbulent motion are resolved. A large multiprocessor distributed memory computer is used, with satisfactory parallel efficiency, to simulate problems with up to 5 million grid points. Steady statistics are computed for Grashof numbers of 64 800 and 180 000. The corresponding Nusselt numbers computed for the two cases are 2.22 and 3.36. Turbulence statistics are computed for each case.
Effects of Frequency of Semen Collection on Reproductive Performance of Male Turkeys Fed Low Protein Diets During the Breeder Period

Eight-week-old Large White male turkeys were fed ad libitum a 17% protein corn-soybean meal diet until 28 weeks old. At 28 weeks the average body weight was 14.2 kg and 75% of the males were producing semen. The turkeys were fed diets containing 8, 11, 13, or 17% protein from 28 to 53 weeks. At 53 weeks the average body weights were 17.6, 18.9, 19.0, and 19.2 kg for birds fed 8, 11, 13 and 17% protein, respectively. The turkeys consumed less of the 8 and 11% protein diets: .88 and .92 of the amount of the 17% protein diet consumed during weeks 28 to 53. Semen was collected one time (1x) (Tuesday) and 3x (Monday-Wednesday-Friday) per week from 20 turkeys in each dietary treatment. Semen volume averaged .29 and .21 ml per ejaculate for the 1x/week and 3x/week semen collections, respectively, with no effect of dietary treatment. Sperm concentration (8.28 x 10(9) sperm/ml) was consistent in all groups throughout the experiment. Fertility of eggs set and hatchability of fertile eggs was high (+91%) for hens inseminated with semen collected 1x/week from males fed 8, 11, 13, and 17% protein diets, respectively. However, fertility of semen from the 3x/week semen collection was 79% after the 1st insemination and increased to 92% after the 2nd weekly insemination. Overall fertility for the 10 weeks was 94 and 92% for the 1x/week and 3x/week semen collections, respectively.
Role of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 and its ligands during neuroinflammation

For decades, chemokines and their receptors have received a great deal of attention for their multiple roles in controlling leukocyte functions during inflammation and immunity. The ability of chemokines to convey remarkably versatile but context-specific signals identifies them as powerful modulators of immune responses generated in response to diverse pathogenic or non-infectious insults. A number of recent studies have speculated that the C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), plays important roles in immune-cell trafficking in various tissue compartments during inflammation and in immune surveillance. Using computational modeling and microfluidics-based approaches, recent studies have explored leukocyte migration behavior in response to CCR7 ligands in a complex chemokine environment existing with other coexisting chemokine fields. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the effects of soluble versus immobilized ligands and of the downstream signaling pathways of CCR7 that control leukocyte motility, directionality, and speed. This review also integrates the current knowledge about the role of CCR7 in coordinating immune responses between secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral tissue microenvironments during primary or secondary antigen encounters. CCR7 seems to influence distinct immunological events during inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS) including immune-cell entry and migration, and neuroglial interactions. The clinical and pathological outcome may vary depending on its contribution in the inflamed CNS microenvironment. Understanding these mechanisms has direct implications for therapeutic developments favoring more protective and efficient immune responses.
A Use of Space: The Unintended Messages of Academic Library Web Sites

Academic library home pages are not only access points to the resources and services of a library, they are virtual representations of the library itself. The content placed on the page, where it is placed, and the amount of space allotted are all choices that send a message about the character of the library, the resources a user should start with, and the library's attitude toward its users. This study explores the messages being sent by the content selection and design of the home pages of 49 of the 50 largest academic libraries in the United States. By looking at the area allocated to different content types and the number and location of different content types, the researchers discovered that design elements and promotion/public relations receive a large amount of page space. The researchers also identified the prominently positioned multi-search box as the apparent de facto standard access point to library resources. Many sites are clearly designed to direct users to specific, presumably important ...
Effectiveness of Various Omission Training Procedures as a Function of Reinforcement History

This experiment analyzed the relative effectiveness of three different omission-training conditions (OT 5 sec., OT 20 sec., and gradual OT with a time-dependent criterion) in reducing a lever-press response following three different histories of reinforcement. 36 children between the ages of 4½ and 11 yr. were initially trained to press a lever according to a VR 35 schedule of reinforcement for 10 min. (Period I). Following acquisition, subjects were exposed to one of three conditions: DRL 10 sec. followed by OT, maintenance of VR followed by OT, or OT alone (Periods II and III). Over-all results indicated a significant reduction in response rate with the introduction or continuation of the various OT schedules. The DRL-OT treatment combination was significantly more effective in reducing response rate than the introduction of the same OT schedules following the lengthened VR history, but the use of the DRL-OT treatment combination was not significantly better than the OT condition of the same duration. O...
Nanocrystalline Aluminum Nitride: II, Sintering and Properties

Nanocrystalline aluminum nitride powders obtained from gas condensation and in situ nitridation in a forced-flow reactor have been sintered successfully without pressure or additives. The resulting densified pellets showed good thermal conductivity and low oxygen content. A comparison of the improvement in densification with micrometer-size and nanocrystalline yttria additives was undertaken and it was found that the nanocrystalline yttria decreased the sintering temperature significantly. Besides spherical nanoparticles, needle-shaped nanocrystalline aluminum nitride particles that resulted in highly textured compacts when hot pressed could also be produced.
IGO membership, network convergence, and credible signaling in militarized disputes

Existing studies of intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and militarized conflict focus on dyadic counts of shared IGO membership. However, dyadic approaches are inconsistent with the basic properties of IGOs. Because IGOs are multilateral organizations, shared membership necessarily involves ties to third parties. This article employs network analytics to develop a novel explanation of how third-party IGO ties reduce militarized conflict. The analysis first examines the ‘structural similarity’ of states, defined by the extent to which states share similar patterns of IGO membership with relevant third parties. High levels of structural similarity indicate that states interact with a common set of IGO collaborators. The analysis then shows that micro-level changes in IGO membership effect changes in structural similarity, leading to the macro-level phenomenon of ‘network convergence,’ wherein states increasingly collaborate with the same third parties over time. Substantively, convergence results in inc...
On rate limitations of electron transfer in the photosynthetic cytochrome b6f complex

Considering information in the crystal structures of the cytochrome b6f complex relevant to the rate-limiting step in oxygenic photosynthesis, it is enigmatic that electron transport in the complex is not limited by the large distance, approximately 26 A, between the iron–sulfur cluster (ISP) and its electron acceptor, cytochrome f. This enigma has been explained for the respiratory bc1 complex by a crystal structure with a greatly shortened cluster–heme c1 distance, leading to a concept of ISP dynamics in which the ISP soluble domain undergoes a translation–rotation conformation change and oscillates between positions relatively close to the cyt c1 heme and a membrane–proximal position close to the ubiquinol electron–proton donor. Comparison of cytochrome b6f structures shows a variation in cytochrome f heme position that suggests the possibility of flexibility and motion of the extended cytochrome f structure that could entail a transient decrease in cluster–heme f distance. The dependence of cyt f turnover on lumen viscosity is consistent with a role of ISP – cyt f dynamics in determination of the rate-limiting step under conditions of low light intensity. Under conditions of low light intensity and proton electrochemical gradient present, for example, under a leaf canopy, it is proposed that a rate limitation of electron transport in the b6f complex may also arise from steric constraints in the entry/exit portal for passage of the plastoquinol and -quinone to/from its oxidation site proximal to the iron–sulfur cluster.
Chronically III children in self-care: Issues for pediatric nurses*

The self-care (or latchkey) arrangement for children with a chronic illness is an important topic for pediatric nurses. This article reviews the impact of self-care for children's development, examines the effectiveness of teaching self-care skills to latchkey children, and provides assessment and intervention information to help pediatric nurses who are working with parents and children with chronic illness who are in self-care.
Efficient Conservative Global Transport Schemes for Climate and Atmospheric Chemistry Models

A computationally efficient mass-conservative transport scheme over the sphere is proposed and tested. The scheme combines a conservative finite-volume method with an efficient semi-Lagrangian scheme based on the dimension splitting ‘‘cascade’’ method. In the regions near the poles where the conservative cascade procedure breaks down, a globally conservative, but locally approximate scheme is used. This procedure is currently restricted to polar meridional Courant numbers less than one. The resulting conservative cascade scheme is evaluated using a solid-body rotation test and deformational flow test, and found to be both accurate and efficient. Compared to the traditional semi-Lagrangian scheme employing a bicubic-Lagrange interpolator, the proposed scheme is considerably more accurate and almost twice as fast while conserving mass exactly.
Conjugated linoleic acid

Summary Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for metabolic by-products resulting from the conversion of linoleic acid to oleic acid by rumen bacteria. Consequently CLA is found in foods and fats of animal origin. There is a growing body of information regarding effects of dietary CLA in health and disease, but not yet any definitive mechanisms relating to its mode(s) of action. The review paper by Professor Kritchevsky and accompanying commentary by Professor Williams summarise the recent evidence from animal studies for anti-tumourigenic, anti-lipogenic and anti-atherogenic effects of CLA. These findings may open new avenues of research in several normal and disease states. Furthermore, if the health benefits suggested by animal studies can be shown to apply in human populations, the consequence of advice to reduce fat intakes, may prove to have important public health implications.
Short course radiotherapy is an appropriate option for most malignant glioma patients

Purpose: To determine whether a shortened course of radiotherapy (RT) is an appropriate treatment option for malignant glioma patients. Methods and Materials: Prognostic groups published by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) are used to compare results for a short radiotherapy regimen with results of aggressive protocol treatment. The study group includes 219 patients treated during 1975-1993 with 51 Gy in 17 fractions. Patients were retrospectively assigned to six prognostic groups previously identified in a recursive partitioning analysis of the RTOG. The prognostic groups are based on age, histology, performance status, mental status, neurologic function, resection extent, length of symptoms, and RT dose. Results: The six RTOG prognostic groupings were significantly predictive of outcome for patients treated with this shortened regimen (log-rank, p < 0.001). The median survival for our patients by RTOG groups 1-6 were 68, 57, 22, 13, 8, and 5 months, respectively. Two-year survival results were 64, 67, 45, 8, 3, and 3%. The median and two-year survival results for each prognostic grouping were similar to the results achieved by aggressive treatment on RTOG malignant glioma trials for selected patients. Treatment toxicity was uncommon. Conclusion: This shortened regimen is an appropriate treatment option for most malignant glioma patients (RTOG groups 4-6), resulting in similar survival as standard regimens with reduced patient effort and cost. Although acute side effects are acceptable and the risk of brain necrosis is low, we do not recommend this treatment to the minority of patients who have a substantial long term survival probability (RTOG groups 1-3) because long term neurocognitive assessment is lacking.
Estimation of a Geoid Section across the Kuroshio

Abstract An estimate of the geoid across the Kuroshio Extension at its separation point from Japan is calculated through an analysis of coincident sea surface measurements from inverted echo sounders (IESs) and Topex/Poseidon (T/P). The IESs were positioned along a T/P descending ground track in the vicinity of 35°N, 143°E. This geoid section can be used in conjunction with altimeter data to estimate total sea surface height. Thus, Kuroshio position, surface geostrophic velocity, and transport along the section can be continuously monitored.
Developmental changes in renin gene expression in ovine kidney cortex

The ontogeny of renin mRNA and renin content from renal cortical slices was studied in two groups of ovine fetuses at 92-94 days (0.64 gestation) and at 138-142 days (0.96 gestation), newborn lambs (0.4-2 days old), and adult sheep. Renal renin mRNA was identified by hybridization with a 32P-labeled full length rat renin cDNA. Renal renin content was measured as nanograms of angiotensin I generated per hour (active renin). There was a significant age effect on renin mRNA levels (F = 10.0, P < 0.001); values increase significantly between 0.64 and 0.95 g (P < 0.005), remain elevated in the newborns (P < 0.05), and subsequently decline in adulthood (P < 0.005). Likewise, renal renin content was significantly higher in late gestation fetuses and newborn lambs than in early gestation and adults (F = 8.3, P < 0.003). The renal renin content was strongly correlated with renin mRNA levels (R = 0.88, P < 0.0001). These results suggest that 1) the renin gene is developmentally regulated in the ovine kidney and 2) the renal content of active renin in basal conditions is regulated, at least in part, by events at the transcriptional level.
An analysis of friend circles of Facebook users

The Internet has spawned many different information exchange systems ranging from file sharing to online social networking. Online social networks (OSNs) have gained significant popularity and are considered to be some the most visited sites. OSN users can interact with friends through various features such as connecting with friends, establishing new friendships, sharing photos and videos, and commenting on each others posts. As digital interactions supersede over physical interactions, it is important to understand how users interact over such digital platforms. Moreover, understanding OSN traffic patterns is valuable when designing new OSN platforms and managing content distribution networks. In this study, we provide analysis of online activities that happen around a user, i.e. circles. To better understand activities in a user's friend circle, we developed a Facebook application that monitored the walls of several Facebook users. In particular, we obtained statistics of every post shared with the user by their friends, circles, for 16 volunteers that provided continuous measurements for 15 days.
Measuring the customers’ perception of tangible service quality in the restaurant industry: An emphasis on the upscale dining segment

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relative importance of tangible service attributes toward diners’ satisfaction within the upscale dining segment. Based on previous studies on tangible service quality, a total of 29 tangible service attributes were identified. Through the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), five underlying dimensions of tangible service attributes were first delineated: presentation value, table aesthetics, sensory perceptions, hygiene purity, and vehicle convenience. The results of multiple regression analyses indicate that statistically significant causal relationship between tangible service factors and the diners’ satisfaction exist within the upscale dining segment. Detailed empirical findings and implications are discussed.
A preliminary earthquake location method based on a hyperbolic approximation to travel times

We present a fast, two-step method for preliminary earthquake location using the direct arrivals recorded by a local network by assuming that travel times follow a hyperbolic relationship. For a layered medium, hypocentral coordinates ( xe , ye , h ), arrival times ( ), origin time ( To ), travel times of either P or S waves (τ), and station coordinates ( x, y ) are approximately related by an equation describing a hyperbolic surface: τ = t − T o = ( x − x e ) 2 + ( y − y e ) 2 + h 2 / v ( 1 ) , where v is the rms velocity between the surface and depth h . This equation is a good approximation when the angle between the vertical and the ray path is small. In the first step To and the coefficients of the hyperboloid that best fit the observed arrival times are determined by nonlinear inversion. The coordinates of the minimum of the hyperboloid give the event epicenter. In the second step all the unknown parameters are computed simultaneously by nonlinear inversion of equation (1). Testing with synthetic data shows that the method performs better than might have been expected given the approximations involved. The determination of epicentral locations is very robust even in the presence of noise. When the events are under or near the network and only P arrivals are used, the epicenters are mislocated by a few kilometers at most. When S arrivals are included, depths and origin times are also reliably estimated. This method can be applied when approximate, but expeditious, earthquake locations are required. It can be used, for example, as part of an automatic event location program, first to produce a set of P and S arrival times uncontaminated by gross errors, and then to generate initial estimates of hypocentral location and origin time to be used by standard, and more time-consuming, locating programs. Furthermore, in optimal cases, it is possible to obtain reliable and independent estimates of rms velocities.
Persuasion Through Organization: The Final Installment - Transitions

The article examines how transitions work to connect ideas and enhance the persuasive power of legal writing.
Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches to the prevention and management of delirium

Delirium is a syndrome of neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms that can accompany virtually any serious medical condition. Delirium is characterized by a disturbance of attention and awareness, as well as variety of other aspects of cognition that develops over a short period of time in response to another medical condition. It is an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality and is associated with increased lengths of stay and costs of care. Despite this, it frequently goes unrecognized, and debate continues about the best prevention and treatment strategies. This article will review the current best practices for the prevention and treatment of delirium and how collaborative care can aid in improving outcomes and minimizing adverse events for patients suffering from delirium.
Disparities in long-term radiographic follow-up after cystectomy for bladder cancer: Analysis of the SEER-Medicare database

Introduction: It is uncertain whether there are disparities related to receiving long-term radiographic follow-up after cystectomy performed for bladder cancer, and whether intensive follow-up influences survival. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 2080 patients treated with cystectomy between 1992 and 2004 isolated from the SEER-Medicare database. The number of abdominal computerized tomography scans performed in patients surviving 2 years after surgery was used as an indicator of long-term radiographic follow-up to exclude patients with early failures. Results: Patients were mainly males (83.18%), had a mean age at diagnosis of 73.4 ± 6.6 (standard deviation) years, and mean survival of 4.6 ± 3.2 years. Multivariate analysis showed age >70 (odds ratio [OR]: 0.796, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.651–0.974), African American race (OR: 0.180, 95% CI: 0.081–0.279), and Charlson comorbidity score >2 (OR: 0.694, 95% CI: 0.505–0.954) to be associated with lower odds of long-term radiographic follow-up. Higher disease stage (Stage T4N1) (OR: 1.873, 95% CI: 1.491–2.353), higher quartile for education (OR: 5.203, 95% CI: 1.072–9.350) and higher quartile for income (OR: 6.940, 95% CI: 1.444–12.436) were associated with increased odds of long-term radiographic follow-up. Interestingly, more follow-up with imaging after cystectomy did not improve cancer-specific or overall survival in these patients. Conclusion: There are significant age, race, and socioeconomic disparities in long-term radiographic follow-up after radical cystectomy. However, more radiographic follow-up may not be associated with better survival.
Police Bias in the Enforcement of Drug Crimes: Evidence from Low Priority Laws

We consider the impact of adoption of a low priority initiative in some jurisdictions within Los Angeles County on police behavior. Low priority initiatives instruct police to make the enforcement of low level marijuana possession offenses their â€œlowest priority.â€ Using detailed data from the Los Angeles County Sheriffâ€™s Department and a difference-indifferences strategy, we show that the mandate resulted in a lower arrest rate for misdemeanor marijuana possession in adopting areas. However, the lower relative arrest rate is driven by a spike in the arrest rate in areas not affected by the mandate rather than a reduction in adopting areas.
215 ASSESSING AND IMPROVING THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF PEDIATRICIANS IN TRAINING REGARDING CHILD DEVELOPMENT.

Background The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that developmental screening includes a valid, standardized assessment tool. Barriers to regular use of such tools may include poor knowledge and attitudes of medical providers about child development and interventions. Our survey assessed the knowledge and attitudes of pediatric resident physicians about children9s development prior to and following the introduction of newer developmental assessment tools. Methods Residents in the UAMS Pediatric Program were asked at 2 separate housestaff meetings to complete an assessment survey entitled "Survey of Primary Care Providers-Developmental Screening and Referral for Early Intervention Services. " Portions of the survey, developed as part of the Commonwealth Fund9s Assuring Better Child Development project in North Carolina, focused on knowledge and attitudes regarding developmental assessment and early intervention strategies. A third section added to the survey assessed residents9 education and comfort level in using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Protocols for referral for developmental services were also reviewed with the residents between surveys. Twenty-one residents completed the survey pre- and post-interventions and their answers comprise the data analysis. The knowledge and attitude questions used a 5-point Likert scale while the comfort level questions used a 4-point Likert scale. Statistics were calculated for the knowledge, attitudes, education and comfort items, and for overall scores. Pre-intervention to post-intervention change was determined using the Wilcoxon signed rank test or McNemar test, as appropriate. Results Post-intervention, residents showed a collective increase in knowledge and comfort level for scoring and interpreting the ASQ. Pre-intervention, 52% were comfortable scoring and interpreting the ASQ. Post-intervention, 77% felt comfortable scoring and interpreting the ASQ. However, the time involved to administer screening proved a larger concern and was the only attitude variable that did not improve post-intervention. Conclusions Residents9 knowledge and attitudes regarding child development improved after intervention. Residents acknowledged that training to use the ASQ and about the developmental referral process subsequently raised their comfort levels in scoring and interpreting the ASQ, in assessing child development, and in discussing development with parents. The improved knowledge and attitude scores and residents9 concern about time challenges to systematic use of a developmental screening tool in practice suggest implications for pediatric resident training.
The Disruptor: The Millimeter Wave Spectrum

The fast development of smart and connected products, including consumer electronics, means that for the best user experience, wireless networks need to operate in frequency bands both below and above 6 GHz. The millimeter wave spectrum, as noted in previous chapters, is mainly driven by the ever-increasing number of extreme broadband applications and services. First there are many opportunities, since spectrum allocations have been and will be offered for millimeter wavelengths (10 mm to 1 mm) and frequencies (30 to 300 GHz) for wireless mobile communication. Second, important development tools have now been prepared for the millimeter wave spectrum, including channel models, link level and system level simulation (LLS and SLS), antenna and baseband, and radio front-end design. The third source of this growth is that applications are now being planned or developed for these frequencies that go far beyond those already in the market, like automotive radar, wireless broadband fixed access, and satellite communications. Finally there is the unbelievable development and progress of semiconductor technology that will make the implementation of millimeter wave communication feasible for 5G.
LTE1 promotes exit from mitosis by multiple mechanisms

In budding yeast, alignment of the anaphase spindle along the mother-bud axis is crucial for maintaining genome integrity. If the anaphase spindle becomes misaligned in the mother cell compartment, cells arrest in anaphase because the mitotic exit network (MEN), an essential Ras-like GTPase signaling cascade, is inhibited by the spindle position checkpoint (SPoC). Distinct localization patterns of MEN and SPoC components mediate MEN inhibition. Most components of the MEN localize to spindle pole bodies. If the spindle becomes mispositioned in the mother cell compartment, cells arrest in anaphase due to inhibition of the MEN by the mother cell-restricted SPoC kinase Kin4. Here we show that a bud-localized activating signal is necessary for full MEN activation. We identify Lte1 as this signal and show that Lte1 activates the MEN in at least two ways. It inhibits small amounts of Kin4 that are present in the bud via its central domain. An additional MEN-activating function of Lte1 is mediated by its N- and C-terminal GEF domains, which, we propose, directly activate the MEN GTPase Tem1. We conclude that control of the MEN by spindle position is exerted by both negative and positive regulatory elements that control the pathway's GTPase activity.
Some problems on induced subgraphs

Abstract We discuss some problems related to induced subgraphs. (1) A good upper bound for the chromatic number in terms of the clique number for graphs in which every induced cycle has length 3 or 4. (2) The perfect chromatic number of a graph, which is the smallest number of perfect sets into which the vertex set of a graph can be partitioned. (A set of vertices is said to be perfect if it induces a perfect graph.) (3) Graphs in which the difference between the chromatic number and the clique number is at most one for every induced subgraph of the graph. (4) A weakening of the notorious Erdős–Hajnal conjecture. (5) A conjecture of Gyarfas about the χ -boundedness of a particular class of graphs.
The Family, Sex, and Scandal: Catherine Jemmat’s Memoirs

In the latter half of the eighteenth century, “scandalous memoirists” begin to focus more intently on family dynamics, arraigning disloyal relations as well as cruel husbands and lovers. This change reflects a transition in the concept of the family, with kinship priorities gradually shifting from consanguineal to conjugal families. The corresponding change in the female appeal memoir begins with The Memoirs of Mrs. Catherine Jemmat, Daughter of the late Admiral Yeo, of Plymouth (1762). Jemmat frames her tale as a doomed quest for domestic happiness: the scandal of her text is not her sexual fall, which she never narrates, but her abuse and abandonment by relations. In making these arguments, Jemmat modifies the structure of the “scandalous memoir” and provides a model for later memoirists.
Reconfigurable opto-thermoelectric printing of colloidal particles

We have developed a new optical technique - opto-thermoelectric printing - to print colloidal particles with reconfigurable patterns on substrates via light-controlled thermoelectric fields.
Enhanced anti-counterfeiting measures for additive manufacturing: coupling lanthanide nanomaterial chemical signatures with blockchain technology

The significant rise of additive manufacturing (AM) in recent years is in part due to the open sourced nature of the printing processes and reduced cost and capital barriers relative to traditional manufacturing. However, this democratization of manufacturing spurs an increased demand for producers and end-users to verify the authenticity and quality of individual parts. To this end, we introduce an anti-counterfeiting method composed of first embedding engineered nanomaterials into features of a 3D-printed part followed by non-destructive interrogation of these features to quantify a chemical signature profile. The part specific chemical signature data is then linked to a securitized, distributed, and time-stamped blockchain ledger entry. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, lanthanide-aspartic acid nanoscale coordination polymers (Ln3+-Asp NCs)/poly(lactic) acid (PLA) composites were formulated and transformed into a filament feedstock for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. In the present case, a quick-response (QR) code containing the doped Ln3+-Asp NCs was printed using a dual-extruder FDM printer into pure PLA parts. The QR code provides a searchable reference to an Ethereum-based blockchain entry. The QR code physical features also serve as defined areas to probe the signatures arising from the embedded Ln3+-Asp NCs. Visible fluorescence emission with UV-excitation was quantified in terms of color using a smartphone camera and incorporated into blockchain entries. Ultimately, linking unique chemical signature data to blockchain databases is anticipated to make the costs of counterfeiting AM materials significantly more prohibitive and transactions between those in the supply chain more trustworthy.
Genome Sequence of Listeria monocytogenes Strain F4244, a 4b Serotype.

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic invasive foodborne pathogen. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing of L. monocytogenes strain F4244 (serotype 4b) using Illumina sequencing. The sequence showed 94.5% identity with strain F2365, serotype 4b, and 90.6% with EGD-e, serotype 1/2a.
Depression and Antidepressant-Associated Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent disorder in aging men, with multiple associated risk factors and comorbidities (1, 2, 3, 4).
Factors affecting adherence to a quality improvement checklist on an inpatient hepatology service

Given the increasing emphasis on measuring quality indicators such as adherence to practice guidelines, we sought to determine the factors and address the barriers affecting guideline adherence on an academic inpatient hepatology service. We performed a single-center, prospective observational study. Physicians were given a handheld checklist to complete daily. We first measured the adherence rate and studied factors affecting adherence by performing surveys. We then modified the program to address the factors affecting adherence and reassessed the adherence rate. There was a baseline 46% checklist adherence rate. Reasons given for nonadherence fell into two categories: ease of task and physician commitment from both attending physicians and housestaff. Specific reasons given were that the attending did not prompt (39%), the adherence sheet was not in the chart (35%), the individual forgot (12%), as well as lack of time, unclear protocol, “too difficult,” and “didn—t pay attention” (4% each). Each of these factors was addressed with a multimodal approach. Thereafter, the adherence rate rose from 46% to 83% (P < 0.001). Maintaining checklist adherence is time intensive and requires commitment from the whole medical team.
Absenteeism in Appalachian preschool classrooms and children's academic achievement

Abstract This study examined preschool absenteeism for children (N = 451) in classrooms in rural areas of Appalachia. A substantial portion of children (47.5%) were chronically absent (missing 10% of more of the school year). The current study focuses on preschool children's developing language and literacy skills that are foundational for future reading and school success. Findings revealed that children who were frequently absent, particularly those who were chronically absent, exhibited fewer gains in literacy over the academic year. No effect of absenteeism was uncovered for language growth. Instructional quality was examined as a moderator of absenteeism and achievement. The effects of absenteeism on children's language and literacy outcomes did not vary as a function of instructional quality. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Management Systems and Leadership Models in 21st Century Educational Organizations

The objective of this study was to build upon the management theory that individual employee ownership of work tasks and a decentralized management structure can increase performance in educational organizations. A convergent mixed methods study gathered qualitative data from an educational organization director through a series of interviews. Data collected and analyzed from these interviews indicated that the participant organization implements a process-based management system with an emphasis on a stewardship model of leadership. In the organization’s process-based management system, employees hold themselves accountable for process outputs established by the customer or the student in education. Simultaneously, quantitative data was collected and analyzed. The analysis indicated significantly high levels of employee job satisfaction. Quantitative data also showed a significant increase in student course completion rates, in addition to a measurable increase in program enrollment totals following the implementation of the organization’s process-based management system and stewardship model of leadership.
Single-cell multi-omic profiling of chromatin conformation and DNA methylation

Abstract Recent advances in the development of single cell epigenomic assays have facilitated the analysis of gene regulatory landscapes in complex biological systems. Methods for detection of single-cell epigenomic variation such as DNA methylation sequencing and ATAC-seq hold tremendous promise for delineating distinct cell types and identifying their critical cis-regulatory sequences. Emerging evidence has shown that in addition to cis-regulatory sequences, dynamic regulation of 3D chromatin conformation is a critical mechanism for the modulation of gene expression during development and disease. It remains unclear whether single-cell Chromatin Conformation Capture (3C) or Hi-C profiles are suitable for cell type identification and allow the reconstruction of cell-type specific chromatin conformation maps. To address these challenges, we have developed a multi-omic method single-nucleus methyl-3C sequencing (sn-m3C-seq) to profile chromatin conformation and DNA methylation from the same cell. We have shown that bulk m3C-seq and sn-m3C-seq accurately capture chromatin organization information and robustly separate mouse cell types. We have developed a fluorescent-activated nuclei sorting strategy based on DNA content that eliminates nuclei multiplets caused by crosslinking. The sn-m3C-seq method allows high-resolution cell-type classification using two orthogonal types of epigenomic information and the reconstruction of cell-type specific chromatin conformation maps.
Pathway logic

Pathway Logic (PL) is an approach to modeling and analysis of biological processes based on rewriting logic. This tutorial describes the use of PL to model signal transduction processes. It begins with a general discussion of Symbolic Systems Biology, followed by some background on rewriting logic and signal transduction. The representation and analysis of a small model Ras and Raf activation is presented in some detail. This is followed by discussion of a curated model of early signaling events in response to Epidermal Growth Factor stimulation.
In Situ Ring Contraction and Transformation of the Rhizoxin Macrocycle through an Abiotic Pathway.

A Rhizopus sp. culture containing an endosymbiont partner (Burkholderia sp.) was obtained through a citizen-science-based soil-collection program. An extract prepared from the pair of organisms exhibited strong inhibition of Ewing sarcoma cells and was selected for bioassay-guided fractionation. This led to the purification of rhizoxin (1), a potent antimitotic agent that inhibited microtubule polymerization, along with several new (2–5) and known (6) analogues of 1. The structures of 2–6 were established using a combination of NMR data analysis, while the configurations of the new stereocenters were determined using ROESY spectroscopy and comparison of GIAO-derived and experimental data for NMR chemical shift and 3JHH coupling values. Whereas compound 1 showed modest selectivity for Ewing sarcoma cell lines carrying the EWSR1/FLI1 fusion gene, the other compounds were determined to be inactive. Chemically, compound 2 stands out from other rhizoxin analogues because it is the first member of this class th...
Sex differences in the prevalence of vascular disease and risk factors in young hospitalized patients with psoriasis.

Abstract Background Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors and vascular disease. The relative impact of psoriasis on vascular disease is the strongest in young patients with psoriasis, yet data are lacking on how sex differences influence cardiovascular risk factors and vascular disease in these patients. Objective This observational study aimed to identify the burden of cardiovascular risk factors and vascular disease in patients with psoriasis and to explore whether this burden is different between men and women age Methods Young (age ≥ 20 and Results Overall, patients with psoriasis (n = 18,353) were more often obese (16% vs. 6%); smokers (31% vs. 17%); and diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (10% vs. 6%), hypertension (16% vs. 8%), hyperlipidemia (6% vs. 2%), ASCVD (2.2% vs. 1.6%), and deep vein thrombosis (6% vs. 4%; all p Conclusion Psoriasis was associated with cardiovascular disease and risk factors in young hospitalized patients, with stronger associations among women than among men.
dEFEND: Explainable Fake News Detection

In recent years, to mitigate the problem of fake news, computational detection of fake news has been studied, producing some promising early results. While important, however, we argue that a critical missing piece of the study be the explainability of such detection, i.e., why a particular piece of news is detected as fake. In this paper, therefore, we study the explainable detection of fake news. We develop a sentence-comment co-attention sub-network to exploit both news contents and user comments to jointly capture explainable top-k check-worthy sentences and user comments for fake news detection. We conduct extensive experiments on real-world datasets and demonstrate that the proposed method not only significantly outperforms 7 state-of-the-art fake news detection methods by at least 5.33% in F1-score, but also (concurrently) identifies top-k user comments that explain why a news piece is fake, better than baselines by 28.2% in NDCG and 30.7% in Precision.
Development and Application of Carbonyl Sulfide-Based Donors for H2S Delivery.

ConspectusIn addition to nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recently recognized as an important biological signaling molecule with implications in a wide variety of p...