cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relation between insecurity and type A behavior

This article presents a new Type A Videotaped Clinical Examination scale that measures insecurity. This scale was validated against an existing insecurity measure in a sample of 204 individuals. The results indicated that this new scale is a valid measure of insecurity. The relation between insecurity and type A behavior was examined in a sample of 3013 people. In this large population insecurity showed a strong positive correlation to type A behavior and to each of the two overt behavioral components, time urgency and free-floating hostility.
Encouraging Translational Research Through Harmonization of FDA and Common Rule Informed Consent Requirements for Research with Banked Specimens

This article examines informed consent requirements for use of stored human biological materials (“banked specimens” or “previously collected specimens”) in biomedical research that is regulated by...
Sexual selection is stabilizing selection in pupfish (Cyprinodon pecosensis)

One of the predictions of the ‘good genes’ model of sexual selection is that reproductively successful males with well-developed indicator traits should show smaller variances for non-indicator traits, that are not directly associated with mating success, when compared to non-breeding males and females. Thus sexual selection should reinforce stabilizing natural selection in reducing the variance in quantitative traits. This prediction is tested by analysing variation in eight morphological traits of breeding males, non-breeding males, and females of pupfish (Cyprinodon pecosensis). Breeding males tended to be less variable than non-breeding males for all principal component factors, and for all morphological traits except for depth, although these differences were statistically significant only for PC2, and PC5 and for pelvic fin length, number of pelvic fin rays and number of preopercular and preorbital pores. Similarly, breeding males tended to be less variable than females for all principal component factors and for all morphological traits except for number of preopercular pores. These differences were statistically significant for PC2, and for depth, pelvic fin length, number of preorbital pores and pectoral fin rays. The overall pattern of reduced variability in independent traits of breeding males revealed by principal component analysis is very consistent and highly significant (P<105). These results support the prediction of the ‘good genes’ model and show that reproductively active males are subject to more severe stabilizing selection for several quantitative traits than non-breeding males and females. Thus sexual selection, through male-male competition, female choice, or an interaction of both selective processes, results in stabilizing selection on quantitative morphological traits.
A Deletion Mutation in the SH2-N Domain of Shp-2 Severely Suppresses Hematopoietic Cell Development

Shp-1 and Shp-2 are cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatases that contain two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. A negative regulatory role of Shp-1 in hematopoiesis has been strongly implicated by the phenotype of motheaten mice with a mutation in the Shp-1 locus, which is characterized by leukocyte hypersensitivity, deregulated mast cell function, and excessive erythropoiesis. A targeted deletion of 65 amino acids in the N-terminal SH2 (SH2-N) domain of Shp-2 leads to an embryonic lethality at midgestation in homozygous mutant mice. To further dissect the Shp-2 function in hematopoietic development, we have isolated homozygous Shp-2 mutant embryonic stem (ES) cells. Significantly reduced hematopoietic activity was observed when the mutant ES cells were allowed to differentiate into embryoid bodies (EBs), compared to the wild-type and heterozygous ES cells. Further analysis of ES cell differentiation in vitro showed that mutation in the Shp-2 locus severely suppressed the development of primitive and definitive erythroid progenitors and completely blocked the production of progenitor cells for granulocytes-macrophages and mast cells. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis of the mutant EBs revealed reduced expression of several specific marker genes that are induced during blood cell differentiation. Stem cell factor induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity was also blocked in Shp-2 mutant cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Shp-2 is an essential component and primarily plays a positive role in signaling pathways that mediate hematopoiesis in mammals. Furthermore, stimulation of its catalytic activity is not sufficient, while interaction via the SH2 domains with the targets or regulators is necessary for its biological functions in cells. The in vitro ES cell differentiation assay can be used as a biological tool in dissecting cytoplasmic signaling pathways.
Intracellular proteins produced by mammalian cells in response to environmental stress

The nature of the response of mammalian cells to environmental stress is examined by reviewing results of studies where cultured mouse L cells and baby hamster kidney cells were exposed to heat shock and the synthesis of heat-shock proteins and stress-response proteins (including HSP70, HSC70, HSP90, ubiquitin, and GRP70) in stressed and unstressed cells was evaluated using 2D-PAGE. The intracellular roles of the individual stress response proteins are discussed together with the regulation of the stress response system.
Opioid detoxification in pregnancy.

Abstract Objective: Opioid withdrawal has been associated with poor fetal growth, preterm delivery, and fetal death. We sought to evaluate the safety of antepartum opioid detoxification in selected gravidas. Methods: Between 1990 and 1996, women with singleton gestations who reported opioid use were offered inpatient detoxification. Predetoxification sonography was performed to confirm gestational age and to exclude fetuses with growth restriction and oligohydramnios. Women with mild withdrawal symptoms were given clonidine initially, and methadone was substituted if symptoms persisted. Objective signs of withdrawal were treated with methadone from the outset. Antenatal testing was performed once gestations reached 24 weeks. Newborns were observed for signs of neonatal abstinence syndrome and were treated as necessary. Obstetric and neonatal outcome data were collected. Results: Thirty-four gravidas elected to undergo opioid detoxification at a mean gestational age of 24 weeks. The median maximum dose of methadone was 20 mg per day (range 10–85 mg), and the median time to detoxification was 12 days (range 3–39 days). Overall, 20 women (59%) successfully underwent detoxification and did not relapse, ten (29%) resumed antenatal opioid use, and four (12%) did not complete detoxification and opted for methadone maintenance. There was no evidence of fetal distress during detoxification, no fetal death, and no delivery before 36 weeks. Fifteen percent of neonates were treated for narcotic withdrawal. Conclusion: In selected patients, opioid detoxification can be accomplished safely during pregnancy.
The Adrenergic Nervous System Conversing With the Adrenal Cortex. New Implications for Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

Aldosterone signals the distal nephron to reabsorb sodium and secrete potassium. The regulation of aldosterone secretion is driven by the need to defend against sodium deficiency or an elevated potassium. With a high-salt diet, the one typically consumed today, the rigorous relationship of aldosterone to sodium balance begins to break down with the result that more aldosterone is produced than is needed, driving the distal nephron, the guardian of overall sodium homeostasis, to a state of overactivity. Why is aldosterone secretion not more contained under conditions of high salt intake? One explanation is that there were no teleologic pressures applied to the renin–angiotensin system to appropriately dampen stimulation of aldosterone secretion: early ancestral survival depended on there being only sufficiently high levels of aldosterone.1 In the current issue of Hypertension , Pojoga et al2 provide evidence for a new mechanism whereby secretion of aldosterone is sustained …
Individual Skill Differences and Large-Scale Environmental Learning

Spatial skills are known to vary widely among normal individuals. This project was designed to address whether these individual differences are differentially related to large-scale environmental learning from route (ground-level) and survey (aerial) perspectives. Participants learned two virtual environments (route and survey) with limited exposure and tested on judgments about relative locations of objects. They also performed a series of spatial and nonspatial component skill tests. With limited learning, performance after route encoding was worse than performance after survey encoding. Furthermore, performance after route and survey encoding appeared to be preferentially linked to perspective and object-based transformations, respectively. Together, the results provide clues to how different skills might be engaged by different individuals for the same goal of learning a large-scale environment.
A performance optimization framework for compilation of tensor contraction expressions into parallel

This paper discusses a program synthesis system to facilitate the generation of high-performance parallel programs for a class of computations encountered in quantum chemistry and physics. These computations are expressible as a set of tensor contractions and arise in electronic structure modeling. An overview is provided of the synthesis system under development, that will take as input a high-level specification of the computation and generate high-performance parallel code for a number of target architectures. Several components of the synthesis system are described, focusing on compile-time optimization issues that they address.
Erco award 1975: Basic research in particle technology and some novel applications

Particle technology is concerned with the problems of dealing with matter in a finely-divided state. Its importance cannot be over emphasized today in view of its relevance, for example, to waste treatment, environmental problems and the efficient recovery and beneficiation of ores and fossil fuels. This paper discusses the author's involvement in particle technology research relating to fluid-particle systems and size enlargement processes. The innovative solution of practical problems through development of a background of knowledge from continuing basic studies is emphasized. Specific examples are cited in the areas of separation by particulate gas fluidization, dence phase conveying, upgrading of waste particulate material, balling circuit design and operation, and the beneficiation of coal fines with tailings recovery. La technologie des particules a trait aux problemes sur la matiere a l'etat finement divise on ne peut trop insister sur son importance actuelle, vu qu'elle a rapport, par exemple, au traitement des dechets, aux problemes de l'environnement ainsi qu'a la recuperation et a l'enrichissement efficaces des minerais et des combustibles fossiles. On discute, dans le present travail, l'implication de son auteur dans la recherche sur la technologie des particules, en ce qui a trait aux systemes des particules fluides et aux procedes pour accroǐtre leurs dimensions. On souligne la solution innovatrice des problemes d'ordre pratique au moyen de la formation d'une banque de connaissances qui proviennent des etudes fondamentales et continues. On donne des exemples specifiques, dans les secteurs de la separation, lesquels impliquent la fluidisation particulate des gaz, le transport en phase dense, l'amelioration de la qualite des matieres particulaires des dechets, la conception et le fonctionnement de circuits d'agglomeres et l'enrichissement des matieres fines du charbon avec la recuperation des schlamns (tailings).
Assessing telomeric DNA content in pediatric cancers using whole-genome sequencing data

Telomeres are the protective arrays of tandem TTAGGG sequence and associated proteins at the termini of chromosomes. Telomeres shorten at each cell division due to the end-replication problem and are maintained above a critical threshold in malignant cancer cells to prevent cellular senescence or apoptosis. With the recent advances in massive parallel sequencing, assessing telomere content in the context of other cancer genomic aberrations becomes an attractive possibility. We present the first comprehensive analysis of telomeric DNA content change in tumors using whole-genome sequencing data from 235 pediatric cancers. To measure telomeric DNA content, we counted telomeric reads containing TTAGGGx4 or CCCTAAx4 and normalized to the average genomic coverage. Changes in telomeric DNA content in tumor genomes were clustered using a Bayesian Information Criterion to determine loss, no change, or gain. Using this approach, we found that the pattern of telomeric DNA alteration varies dramatically across the landscape of pediatric malignancies: telomere gain was found in 32% of solid tumors, 4% of brain tumors and 0% of hematopoietic malignancies. The results were validated by three independent experimental approaches and reveal significant association of telomere gain with the frequency of somatic sequence mutations and structural variations. Telomere DNA content measurement using whole-genome sequencing data is a reliable approach that can generate useful insights into the landscape of the cancer genome. Measuring the change in telomeric DNA during malignant progression is likely to be a useful metric when considering telomeres in the context of the whole genome.
The Effects of Mercury Ingestion on Hepatic Mitochondrial Membranes of Chicks

Cytochrome c oxidase activity was measured in livers of chicks receiving 0, 200,250 or 300 p.p.m. mercury (as HgC12) in the drinking water beginning at one week of age. In the first experiment treatment with 200 p.p.m. mercury for up to 4 weeks tended to increase the activity of cytochrome c oxidase and decrease the proportion of free (measured in untreated liver preparations) to total (measured in Triton X-100 treated liver preparations) enzyme activity as compared with controls. However, the differences, which appeared after 1 week of treatment were not always statistically significant. The fatty acid composition of mitochondrial lipids was not affected by treatment with 200 p.p.m. mercury for 4 weeks. In the second experiment, treatment with 300 p.p.m. mercury for 4 weeks resulted in significantly higher total cytochrome c oxidase specific activity and a significantly lower proportion of free to total enzyme activity as compared with controls. However, mitochondrial susceptibility to rupture by freezing and thawing was not affected. In the third experiment chicks were given 250 p.p.m. mercury in the drinking water from 1 through 9 weeks of age. The mercury-treated chicks exhibited severe tremors at 9 weeks while the controls were unaffected. Cytochome c oxidase total specific activity was significantly reduced in trembling chicks, and the proportion of free to total enzyme activity was significantly increased as was the susceptibility of isolated mitochondria to rupture by freezing and thawing. The data suggest that moderate levels of mercury administered over an 8 week period can affect adversely the integrity of mitochondrial membranes.
Induction of autoimmunity to brain antigens by developmental mercury exposure.

A.SW mice, which are known to be prone to mercury (Hg)induced immune nephritis, were assessed for their ability to develop autoimmunity to brain antigens after developmental exposure to Hg. Maternal drinking water containing subclinical doses of 1.25mM methyl Hg (MeHg) or 50mM Hg chloride (HgCl2) were used to evaluate developmental (exposure from gestational day 8 to postnatal day 21) induction of immune responses to brain antigens. Only HgCl2 induced autoantibody production; the HgCl2-exposed offspring showed an increased number of CD4 1 splenic T cells expressing CD25 and Vb 8.3 chains, and the brainreactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were predominantly against nuclear proteins (30 and 34 kD). The antibodies were deposited in all brain regions. Although male and female A.SW mice exposed to HgCl2 showed deposition of IgG in multiple brain regions, inflammation responses were observed only in the cerebellum (CB) of female A.SW mice; these responses were associated with increased levels of exploratory behavior. The developmental exposure to MeHg also induced inflammation in the CB and increased exploratory behavior of the female A.SW mice, but the change did not correlate with increased IgG in the brain. Interestingly, the non‐Hg-exposed female A.SW mice habituated (adapted to the information and/or stimuli of a new environment) more than the male A.SW mice during exploratory behavior assessment, and the Hg exposure eliminated the habituation (i.e., no changes in behavior with subsequent trials), making the female behaviors more like those of the male A.SW mice. Additionally, gender differences in A.SW brain cytokine expressions prior to Hg exposure were eliminated by the Hg exposure.
Mixed‐enhanced formulation for finite deformation axisymmetric‐torsion

The development and implementation of a four-noded quadrilateral element for the analysis of the axisymmetric-torsion problem is presented in the context of the mixed-enhanced method. The deformation gradient is developed from two sets of element interpolants, of which one may be explicitly obtained resulting in only two undetermined enhanced parameters needed for the satisfaction of the near incompressible limit. The resulting element arrays yield proper rank with standard 2×2 quadrature. The introduction of a three-field variation statement for the problem along with the interpolations for the stress and deformation gradient render a variational stress recovery permissible. Several numerical examples are explored in the setting of finite kinematics with physically non-linear material properties to further induce coupling between the radial and axial displacement and the longitudinal rotation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non-invasive laser microsurgery selectively damages populations of labeled mouse neurons: dependence on incident laser dose and absorption

Selective photothermolysis (SP) is a novel technique by which brief, unfocused laser pulses are selectively absorbed by, and cause selective thermal damage to, endogenously pigmented structures. This report describes the use of an exogenous non-fluorescent chromophore (Procion blue) to effect cellular damage by SP. Cultured dorsal root ganglia neurons were selectively labeled with Procion blue and subjected to varying doses of laser illumination. Progressive cellular damage was assessed by leakage of propidium iodide through damaged membranes. The neurons targeted via an exogenous chromophore sustained damage which was proportionate to laser dose and chromophore concentration. The results of these experiments demonstrated that the rate and extent of neuronal damage can be controlled by adjusting either the incident dose of laser energy or the amount of target chromophore within cells. Selective photothermolysis will provide an experimental tool for neurobiologists in particular and will find general use within the biomedical field.
The Effect of Perceived Racial Discrimination on Bodily Pain among Older African American Men

Objectives. We examined the extent to which experiences of racial discrimination are associated with bodily pain reported by African American men. Methods. The study sample consisted of 393 African American male veterans who responded to a national survey of patients aged 50–75 who received care from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Veterans were surveyed by mail, with a telephone follow-up. The response rate for African Americans in the sample was 60.5%. Pain (assessed using the bodily pain subscale of the 36-item short-form health survey), experiences of discrimination, employment, education, and income were obtained through the survey. Age, race, and mental health comorbidities were obtained from VA administrative data. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for item non-response (via imputation) and unit non-response (via propensity scores and weighting) was used to assess the association between racial discrimination and likelihood of experiencing moderate or severe pain over the past 4 weeks. Results. Experiences of racial discrimination were associated with greater bodily pain (β = −0.25, P < 0.0001), even after controlling for socioeconomic and health-related characteristics. Conclusion. Perceived racial discrimination was associated with greater pain among a sample of older African American male patients in the VA. Additional research is needed to replicate this finding among other populations of African Americans.
Universal relations for coupling of optical power between microresonators and dielectric waveguides

The most basic and generic configuration, which consists of a unidirectional coupling between a ring resonator and a waveguide, is considered. The fundamental working equations required to describe the associated power transfer are derived and the application of this geometry to a variety of optical phenomena is discussed. These phenomena include 'add/dropping' of optical beams, add/drop filtering and optical power switching.
Disjunctive programming: properties of the convex hull of feasible points

In this paper we characterize the convex hull of feasible points for a disjunctive program, a class of problems which subsumes pure and mixed integer programs and many other nonconvex programming problems. Two representations are given for the convex hull of feasible points, each of which provides linear programming equivalents of the disjunctive program. The first one involves a number of new variables proportional to the number of terms in the disjunctive normal form of the logical constraints; the second one involves only the original variables and the facets of the convex hull. Among other results, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for an inequality to define a facet of the convex hull of feasible points. For the class of disjunctive programs that we call facial, we establish a property which makes it possible to obtain the convex hull of points satisfying n disjunctions, in a sequence of n steps, where each step generates the convex hull of points satisfying one disjunction only.
Cation Distributions in Rapidly Solidified Cobalt Ferrite

The cation distributions in two rapidly solidified cobalt ferrites have been determined using Moessbauer spectroscopy at 4.2 K in an 8-T magnetic field. The samples were obtained by gas atomization of a Co0-Fe2O3-P2O5 melt. The degree of cation disorder in both cases was greater than is obtainable by cooling unmelted cobalt ferrite. The more rapidly cooled sample exhibited a smaller departure from the equilibrium cation distribution than did the more slowly cooled sample. This result is explained on the basis of two competing effects of rapid solidification: high cooling rate of the solid, and large undercooling.
Identity Formation, Identity Strength, and Self-Categorization as Predictors of Affective and Psychological Outcomes A Model Reflecting Sport Team Fans’ Responses to Highlights and Lowlights of a College Football Season

This study is interested in what sources of team identity formation are related to self-categorization as a sport team fan and the strength of that team identification, and what affective and psych...
On the influence of scale in a distributed system

Scale should be recognized as a primary factor influencing the architecture and implementation of distributed systems. This paper uses Andrew, a distributed environment at Carnegie Mellon University, to validate this proposition. The design of Andrew is dominated by considerations of performance, operability and security. Caching of information and placing trust in as few machines as possible emerge as two general principles that enhance scalability. The separation of concerns made possible by specialized mechanisms is also valuable. Heterogeneity is a natural consequence of growth and anticipating it in the initial stages of system design is important. A location transparent shared file system considerably enhances the usability of a distributed environment.
Fracture of tendon collagen

A study of rat-tail tendon fibers, about 200 μ in diameter, by scanning electron microscopy of fractured specimens reveals that these crimped fibers are largely made up of cylindrical units, about 10 μ in diameter. These, in turn, are made up of the well-known collagen fibrils, ca. 0.1 μ in diameter, which have been observed previously by transmission electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray diffraction. Both the 10-μ and 0.1-μ cylindrical units were found to be arranged parallel to the macroscopic fiber axis rather than helically about it, as has been often proposed in the past. Significant improvement in resolution of the fracture surfaces was obtained by dehydration of the tendon. Microscopy of undehydrated tendon fibers undergoing solubilization by dilute aqueous acetic acid confirmed the results obtained by fractography.
Peasant Patriarchy and the Subversion of the Collective in Vietnam

The Vietnamese peasant family economy operated according to its own dynamic, which sustained itself and undercut the collective economy. Although the Workers' Party was successful in some early aspects of collectivization, peasant patriarchs ultimately challenged collective institutions, forcing a return to family farming. The mechanism of this success was their careful control of the labor of women and children in small plot, kitchen garden and handicraft activities that, because of socialist pricing policies, were more profitable than the collective production of staples.
Resource note on photofission of nuclei for 235U and 239Pu detection

Open-source data exist, in widely scattered places, on photofission of the important nuclear isotopes 235U and 239Pu. These data are useful for studies aimed at detecting these materials at ports o...
Growing Pains: Collaborative Law and the Challenge of Legal Ethics

Growing Pains: Collaborative Law and the Challenge of Legal Ethics, explores the continuing challenge to collaborative law presented by ongoing questions of compatibility with legal ethics. After describing the current landscape of collaborative law, Growing Pains concentrates on three major developments in 2007 concerning the ethics of this interest-based, settlement-oriented dispute resolution process. In February 2007, the Colorado Bar Association Ethics Committee issued the first opinion in the country declaring collaborative law per se unethical. This article examines Colorado Opinion 115 and the reaction to it and ultimately concludes that it is unlikely to have much direct effect on collaborative law. Nonetheless, Growing Pains voices concern that Opinion 115's approval of an offshoot of collaborative law called cooperative law risks creation of an ADR turf war. Next, the article highlights the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) effort to create a Uniform Collaborative Law Act. A NCCUSL Drafting Committee has already produced a working draft of a model act. Growing Pains describes the current drafting effort and its core feature being provisions to answer ethical concerns about confidentiality and privilege. The third ethical milestone explored in Growing Pains is the latest formal ethics opinion by the ABA Standing Committee on Ethics and Professional Responsibility. Released in October 2007, ABA Opinion 07-447 squarely addresses the compatibility of collaborative law with the Model Rules limitation on the scope of representation and concludes there is no violation. Characterizing these events as growing pains for collaborative law, Fairman concludes that unanswered ethical questions and challenges from an increasingly nuanced model of collaborative practice continue to provide challenges for this ADR process. Nonetheless, while ethical concerns are real and potentially limiting to the growth of the collaborative practice, our existing ethics regimes, along with proposed modifications, can respond to these challenges.
On the Meaning of “God”: Transcendence without Mythology

Many have observed that modern man, more than the man of any other age, lives in a world from which God is absent, a genuinely secular world. Our forefathers had a sense of God's continuous providential guidance of history as a whole and of their individual destinies in particular; they found their lives meaningful because they were lived within the context of God's purposes, each man having his own unique place and task. But such meaning as most men of our time find is the this-worldly humanly-created meaning emergent from ordinary social intercourse and/or cultural activity. For some this loss of a transcendent source and purpose has reduced human life to meaning-lessness and absurdity, a pointless and empty burden simply to be endured (Beckett); others react with bitterness and revulsion (Sartre); still others seem to find sufficient satisfaction in their daily round of activities, punctuated occasionally by aesthetic experience or unusual excitement, not to miss or lament the dimensions of depth and transcendence and mystery in which previous generations found their lives ensconced. But in any case the radical “eclipse of God” (Buber) or even the final irretrievable “death of God” (Nietzsche) appears to be the most momentous theological fact of our age. Given this cultural context, it is little wonder that linguistic analysts find it dubious whether the word “God” has any genuinely specifiable meaning, and theological writers, in a desperate attempt to rescue the Christian faith from what appears to be its certain demise, seek wholly “secular” interpretations which go so far as to dispense with the word and idea of “God” entirely.
Anticellular and immunosuppressive activities of foodborne phenolic compounds.

AbstractSeveral phenolic compounds were examined for their ability to inhibit in vitro antibody production and human and mouse cell clone formation. Those compounds (gallic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, methylparaben, and propyl gallate) which inhibited antibody production also suppressed clone formation. These effects occurred well below toxic concentrations. Other closely related compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, shikimic acid, and vanillic acid) were without either effect. The data suggest that certain phenolic compounds, present either as normal constituents of food or as additives, may alter various cellular functions at or below concentrations found in the gut.
TRENDS IN PULMONARY ARTERY CATHETER USE IN THE UNITED STATES, 1999-2013

The benefit of pulmonary artery catheters (PACs) has been questioned by multiple randomized trials. The current trends in utilization, length of stay (LOS), cost, and mortality associated with PAC use remain unknown. Medicare Inpatient files were used to identify 100% of Fee-For-Service patients
Visible and far-infrared spectral studies of tetrahedral and octahedral complexes in non-aqueous solvent systems—IV. . Visible and far-infrared spectra of some tetrahedral and octahedral vanadium-chloro complexes

Abstract Tetrahedral and octahedral chloro complexes of vanadium(III) were prepared in benzene solution, using long chain quaternary ammonium cations to solubilize the inorganic anions by ion pair formation. The ligand field and far-i.r. spectra (400-33 cm −1 ) of the complexes are reported. Spectral evidence of the distortion from regular symmetry of the complexes is discussed.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MR CONTRAST AGENTS

Although familiar for CNS enhancement, contrast agents for body MR applications are both similar and different. This short summary emphasizes the basics of tissue relaxation and the added influences of paramagnetic or superparamagnetic pharmaceuticals. An overview of safety and cost considerations is included.
The Case Study of Jacob: Childhood Sexual Abuse and the Limitations of the Holding Environment

ABSTRACTChildhood sexual abuse and trauma influence relational development in significant ways. Notable among them are the development of a patient's internal object world, fantasies, and sense of self. Dynamic formulations and holding techniques are used to identify, process, and alter fractured relational dynamics. However, the use of such techniques may also influence a patient's narrative process, pulling them away from the realities of their life as lived. Using the case study method, focusing specifically on the patient's narrative development, this article examines the impact of analytic framing on a patient's experience of child sexual abuse and trauma.
COULD MORALITY HAVE A SOURCE

It is a common idea that morality, or moral truths, if there are any, must have some sort of source, or grounding. It has also been claimed that constructivist theories in metaethics have an advantage over realist theories in that the former but not the latter can provide such a grounding. This paper has two goals. First, it attempts to show that constructivism does not in fact provide a complete grounding for morality, and so is on a par with realism in this respect. Second, it explains why it seems that morality in fact couldn’t have a source.
Reducing heart failure exacerbation through self-management

I 2014, the United States spent three trillion dollars in health care, an increase of 5% from 2013. 50% of the total expenditures are concentrated among just 5% of the population. This highly concentrated spending is centered on patients >65 years of age with at least one chronic disease, heart disease being the most common. Preventable 30 days readmission for the diagnosis of heart failure is a significant burden on the nation’s healthcare system. Many initiatives have focused on the acute hospital side, but there continues to be a gap of care from hospital to home. Across the nation the rate of 30 days hospital readmission is 24.5%. So the questions remains that what can we do as nurses to improve the outpatient care for our heart failure patients? I have been a nurse for 18 years and much of that time has been focused on managing patients with chronic disease. In 2006, I launched an innovative emergency room case management program that focused on redirecting patient that needed symptom management and not the resources used in the acute care setting. In an effort to use what I have learned in the acute care setting and transfer it to the outpatient setting, I returned to school for a nurse practitioner license. After I graduated, I started to work at a large multi-clinic practice. Shortly after, I took on the challenge of converting the clinic into a medical home. However, the success of the medical home did not improve patient satisfaction and reduce the number of readmissions that the clinic had initially hoped for. Despite the transformation, there continued to be a gap in the delivery of care from hospital to the primary care providers. In efforts to close the gap, I developed a nurse-practitioner heart failure program within the clinic. The program focuses on self-management, medication reconciliation, early follow-up and education for the patients. The program is constantly evolving and we have found patient’s satisfaction has increased, and the 30 days hospital readmissions are decreasing.
Cold War Cognition

The twentieth century witnessed an increasing suppression of the left wing in American politics that began in the early part of the century and culminated in the oppression and persecution of leftism after WWII. The Democratic and Republican Parties collaborated in the marginalization of the left wing and recentered the political spectrum onto the conservative right. The real target of these purges was not Soviet communism, but instead organized labor and the movements toward the social democratic welfare state that existed in Western Europe. Ethnocentric and anti-immigration elements were also marshalled into the anticommunist and antisocialist movements. Psychoanalytic techniques can illuminate fears of contamination by association, the representation of the welfare system as a “nanny state,” the emergence of a masculinist individualism that rejects images of maternal dependency, and oedipal factors in the ideologies surrounding Ronald Reagan . Anticommunism also succeeded in removing the politics of class and labor from the civil rights and women’s movements.
Magnesium hydroxide as a thin-layer chromatographic adsorbent : A new system for the separation of polynuclear hydrocarbons

Abstract We have found that magnesium hydroxide can be used successfully as a thin-layer chromatographic adsorbent in the separation of mixtures of polynuclear hydrocarbons. The characteristics of this system include high capacity, experimental simplicity, and the ability to effect a wide variety of specific separations, and it is suggested that this technique might be used to advantage in several of the applications for which alumina is presently employed.
Base flow recession from unsaturated-saturated porous media considering lateral unsaturated discharge and aquifer compressibility

Unsaturated flow is an important process in baseflow recessions and its effect is rarely investigated. A mathematical model for a coupled unsaturated-saturated flow in a horizontally unconfined aquifer with time-dependent infiltrations is presented. The effects of the lateral discharge of the unsaturated zone and aquifer compressibility are specifically taken into consideration. Semi-analytical solutions for hydraulic heads and discharges are derived using Laplace transform and Cosine transform. The solutions are compared with solutions of the linearized Boussinesq equation (LB solution) and the linearized Laplace equation (LL solution), respectively. A larger dimensionless constitutive exponent κD (a smaller retention capacity) of the unsaturated zone leads to a smaller discharge during the infiltration period and a larger discharge after the infiltration. The lateral discharge of the unsaturated zone is significant when κD ≤1, and becomes negligible when κD κD≥100. The compressibility of the aquifer has a non-negligible impact on the discharge at early times. For late times, the power index b of the recession curve -dQ/dt∼ aQb, is 1 and independent of κD, where Q is the baseflow and a is a constant lumped aquifer parameter. For early times, b is approximately equal to 3 but it approaches infinity when t→0. The present solution is applied to synthetic and field cases. The present solution matched the synthetic data better than both the LL and LB solutions, with a minimum relative error of 16% for estimate of hydraulic conductivity. The present solution was applied to the observed streamflow discharge in Iowa, and the estimated values of the aquifer parameters were reasonable.
Modeling a 6.78 MHz synchronous WPT rectifier with reduced THD

With the growth of magnetic resonance wireless power transfer (WPT), the WPT field sees a push toward higher operating frequencies. New challenges arise as the fundamental frequency increases, namely the relevance of circuit parasitics and the difficulty in preventing harmonic distortion. A 6.78 MHz synchronous rectifier is shown to address the issues of total harmonic distortion (THD) and dynamic loading. This work focuses on further modeling the proposed rectifier, accounting for parasitic conduction losses, THD, input phase control, and characterization of design trade offs. The updated model includes both an exact solution for the complete dynamics of the dead time resonance which, by design, has significant impact on converter harmonics, impedance, and power delivery. The model is compared to the simpler model from previous work and is verified via experimental results.
Computer-aided stability analysis renders Papov criterion obsolete

A class of multipliers that can be used for producing alternative stability tests for systems having a single incrementally conic non-linearity f(x) has been neatly parameterized by Zames and Falb [1]. The present paper demonstrates how linear programming can be used to compute optimal multipliers leading to a frequency domain stability criterion that is less conservative than the standard graphical criteria.
Advances in Diagnostic Methods for Invasive Candida and Aspergillus Infections

There is a growing incidence of human disease due to opportunistic fungal infections. The population of immunocompromised, neutropenic, or critically ill patients at risk for invasive mycoses is a consequence of increasingly successful, but complex therapies employed by modern medicine. The major opportunistic fungal pathogens responsible for these infections include Candida species, Aspergillus species and other opportunistic molds, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Standard clinical examination, diagnostic imaging methods, and conventional microbiological methods are of limited utility in timely diagnosis of invasive mycoses. For cryptococcosis, sensitive and specific antigen detection tests are routinely used to diagnose this infection. In contrast, the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis and aspergillosis remains problematic. Consequently, substantial efforts have been undertaken to investigate novel methods for the diagnosis of these opportunistic mycoses.
Asymmetry cointegration and the J-curve: new evidence from Korean bilateral trade balance models with her 14 partners

Introduction of new econometric methods raises interest in assessing the old theories and the J-curve phenomenon is no exception. Like previous research we first use the linear ARDL approach of Pesaran et al. (2001) to investigate the phenomenon between Korea and each of her 14 trading partners. We then employ recent nonlinear ARDL approach of Shin et al. (2014) to show that in most cases, exchange rate changes have short-run and long-run asymmetric effects on the bilateral trade balances. Separating depreciations from appreciations which is the main feature of the nonlinear model relies upon nonlinear adjustment of the exchange rate and provides relatively more support for the J-curve effect.
O IMPACTO DAS CONDICIONALIDADES DO PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA NA SAÚDE INFANTIL: O CASO DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO PLANALTO NORTE CATARINENSE/BRASIL

O Programa Bolsa Familia e uma estrategia do Governo Federal de assegurar por meio de incentivo financeiro que os pais ou responsaveis das criancas e adolescentes de baixa renda, mantenham os mesmos na escola e para interesse da saude, tambem com peso e vacinacao em dia. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto do Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) na saude infantil. Foi obtida uma amostra de 308 criancas de um municipio do Planalto Norte Catarinense. Os dados apontam que nesta amostra nao foi encontrada significância entre recebimento da Bolsa Familia e melhora dos indicadores propostos.
Maximum-entropy sampling and the Boolean quadric polytope

We consider a bound for the maximum-entropy sampling problem (MESP) that is based on solving a max-det problem over a relaxation of the Boolean quadric polytope (BQP). This approach to MESP was first suggested by Christoph Helmberg over 15 years ago, but has apparently never been further elaborated or computationally investigated. We find that the use of a relaxation of BQP that imposes semidefiniteness and a small number of equality constraints gives excellent bounds on many benchmark instances. These bounds can be further tightened by imposing additional inequality constraints that are valid for the BQP. Duality information associated with the BQP-based bounds can be used to fix variables to 0/1 values, and also as the basis for the implementation of a “strong branching” strategy. A branch-and-bound algorithm using the BQP-based bounds solves some benchmark instances of MESP to optimality for the first time.
On Factorization of Holomorphic Mappings

Let X, Y be reduced complex spaces, τ: X → Y a holomorphic mapping, denote by R the equivalence relation in X defined by the level sets (i. e. the connected components of the fibres) of τ. If the level sets are compact then by a theorem of H. Cartan [1] the quotient space X/R carries naturally the structure of a complex space and the natural projection e: X → X/R is a proper holomorphic mapping; thus τ admits a factorization τ = τ* o e where τ*: X/R → Y is a nowhere degenerate holomorphic mapping.
Depression in a depressed area: Deservingness, mental illness, and treatment in the contemporary rural U.S.

Abstract People with mental illness face public scrutiny that provokes questions about their ability to cope, membership in society, and entitlement to state support. Less attention has been focused on how such scrutiny occurs at the community level, particularly when shared economic distress has generated a high burden of poor mental health. We employ theorizations of health-related deservingness to examine the local moral economies through which residents of an economically depressed area question who deserves to be depressed, how those with depression should cope, and what forms of treatment are sincere. Drawing on a multi-phase study (2014–2016) in Appalachian Kentucky, we analyze interviews conducted with women with depression and the health practitioners who work with them. In the rural U.S., the dim economy and scarce healthcare resources are attributed to exclusion from broader society. Naturalized as a moral response for enduring dead-end jobs and poverty, participants described how depression coping can positively demonstrate individuals’ commitment to providing for their families and mobility. However, when individuals are perceived to use depression diagnoses to access state entitlements or obtain medication as a “quick fix” that facilitates substance use, area residents question the veracity of symptoms and argue that treatment-seeking is insincere. In this way, rural moral concepts about work, entitlement, and self-sufficiency become embedded in contemporary ideas about mental health and its treatment. The tempered normalization of depression may offer possibilities for decreasing stigma and engendering conversations about patterned exclusions of rural Americans from broader U.S. prosperity. However, tense moral meanings about depression coping reveal both deepening and emergent social inequalities within rural communities. Attending to local moral economies that shape mental health deservingness is critical to understanding the complex overlaps and intersections between state, community, and family discourses.
A Downlink Multiuser MIMO OFDM Decomposition Method in Frequency Selective Fading Channels

A MU MIMO OFDM decomposition method for frequency selective fading channels is investigated in this paper. In the method, multipath is first decomposed into parallel single paths through OFDM, and then the multi-user signal is decomposed into parallel single users using the pre-coding method for a flat fading MIMO channel. We also prove both in theory and simulations that the MU MIMO OFDM channel after the decomposition has the same distribution as that of a regular SU MIMO OFDM channel with the same size. Simulation results match the theoretical analysis.