cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Convergence of Expectations: Literacy Studies and the Student Perspective in Community Partnerships

Why, if service learning has “come a long way,” has it not had the impact on the university or on the community that proponents expected? This article details interviews with eight teachers at Virginia Tech who use service learning in their classrooms, with particular attention to the convergence of literacies that occurs when teachers, communities, and students all attempt to work together. While these eight teachers seemed to have a good grasp of the expectations faculty and communities bring to this three-way relationship, they seemed unable to define the expectations students bring to the experience. This mirrors the current scholarship on service learning, which highlights faculty and communities but downplays the role of students. As we continue to work toward sustainable, reflective community partnerships, literacy studies like Barton and Hamilton’s Local Literacies can help us further examine the expectations students bring to service learning projects.
A technique using a stellar spectrographic plate to measure terrestrial ozone column depth

This thesis examines the feasibility of a technique to extract ozone column depths from photographic stellar spectra in the 5000--7000 Angstrom spectral region. A stellar spectrographic plate is measured to yield the relative intensity distribution of a star`s radiation after transmission through the earth`s atmosphere. The amount of stellar radiation absorbed by the ozone Chappuis band is proportional to the ozone column depth. The measured column depth is within 10% the mean monthly value for latitude 36{degree}N, however the uncertainty is too large to make the measurement useful. This thesis shows that a 10% improvement to the photographic sensitivity uncertainty can decrease the column depth uncertainty to a level acceptable for climatic study use. This technique offers the possibility of measuring past ozone column depths.
Images with Uncertainty: Efficient Algorithms for Shift, Rotation, Scaling, and Registration, and their Applications to Geosciences

• different images bring different information; so, to get a better understanding, we must fuse the corresponding data; e.g., we must combine a satellite images with a radar image; • comparison of two images – e.g., images made at different moments of time – can also give us information about the changes: e.g., by comparing preand post-earthquake images, we can determine the effect of the earthquake.
Nucleation and growth of gold films on graphite: II. The effect of substrate temperature

Abstract To determine the effect of substrate temperature on the nucleation and growth of gold films vapor deposited on single crystal graphite, films deposited at ≈ 1A˚/s in a vacuum of ≈ 10 -9 Torr on air-cleaved substrates held at temperature ranging from room temperature to 450°C and on vacuum-cleaved substrates held at temperatures ranging from — 152 to 450°C were studied using transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. As the substrate temperature is increased from room temperature to 450°C, the particle density on air-cleaved surfaces approaches that on vacuum-cleaved substrates, the dendritic morphology characteristic of vacuum-cleaved substrates is lost, coalescence events become much more prominent, and the metal islands are more three-dimensional and geometrical. At or above a 200°C substrate temperature the particle morphology consists of a few large (500 to 1000A˚) triangular and hexagonal platelets and numerous small (200 to 500A˚) octahedral and multiply-twinned particles regardless if the substrate is air- or vacuum-cleaved. In general, the films have a [111] fiber texture with some directional alignment in the substrate surface. For films on vacuum-cleaved graphite as the temperature is decreased below room temperature, the dendrites become more clearly defined down to -52°C, but below this temperature the branches are shorter and narrower than at room temperature and the directional alignment in the substrate plane progressively deteriorates. The morphological changes occuring as the temperature increases can be explained by the more pronounced coalescence and grain growth, the greater kinetic-controlled island growth, and the lower particle densities that result. The major differences between films on air-and vacuum-cleaved substrates can be correlated with the effects of substrate temperature and cleanliness (i.e., either air- or vacuum-cleaved).
Where Elder Abuse and the Justice System Collide: Police Power, Parens Patriae, and 12 Recommendations

This article discusses the intersection of the justice system and elder abuse, arguing for a multidisciplinary framework for approaching the problem. It concludes with 12 recommendations for enhancing the justice system's response to elder abuse.
Small Scale Anisotropy Measurements

The horizon size θ * at the redshift of last scattering z * is given by $$\begin{gathered} {{\theta }_{*}} \approx {{\left( {\frac{{{{\Omega }_{0}}}}{{{{z}_{*}}}}} \right)}^{{1/2}}} \hfill \\ {\text{ }} \geqslant {{\left( {\frac{{0.1}}{{1000}}} \right)}^{{1/2}}} \approx \frac{{{{1}^{^\circ }}}}{2} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ .
DEEPER PROBLEMS FOR NOONAN'S PROBABILITY ARGUMENT AGAINST ABORTION: ON A CHARITABLE READING OF NOONAN'S CONCEPTION CRITERION OF HUMANITY

In 'An Almost Absolute Value in History' John T. Noonan criticizes several attempts to provide a criterion for when an entity deserves rights. These criteria, he argues are either arbitrary or lead to absurd consequence. Noonan proposes human conception as the criterion of rights, and justifies it by appeal to the sharp shift in probability, at conception, of becoming a being possessed of human reason. Conception, then, is when abortion becomes immoral. The article has an historical and a philosophical goal. The historical goal is to carefully present the probability argument in a charitable manner. The philosophical goal is to offer a unique criticism of Noonan's probability argument against abortion. I argue that, even on a very charitable reading of Noonan's argument for the conception criterion, this criterion is also susceptible to charges of arbitrariness and absurdity. Noonan's claim that probability shifts have anything to do with the moral rights of fetuses cannot be made coherent. I also show that there are problems with Noonan's assumptions about moral rights and the potential to become a being possessed of human reason.
Targeting epidermal fatty acid binding protein for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which dysregulated immune cells attack myelin in the central nervous system (CNS), leading to irreversible neuronal degeneration. Our previous studies have demonstrated that epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP), widely expressed in immune cells, in particular in dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes, fuels the overactive immune responses in the mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
A New Way To Create Winning Product Ideas

This article proposes a new approach to needs definition and product concept development. It identifies a language of design for product development which includes descriptions of the product itself, product features, benefits and themes. Christian Wagner and Albert Hayashi feel that the goal of this language is not only to increase the detail of requirements definitions, but also to stimulate the generation of new product ideas through forced associations among language elements. Empirical tests show significantly higher idea generation yields when the language is used. The article also outlines a software implementation of the language. Preliminary evidence suggests that the use of software can increase the idea yield above that of free-form, in-depth interviews.
Ultrasensitive flow cytometric analyses

New techniques and approaches to cellular analysis being developed at the Los Alamos National Flow Cytometry Resource can be divided into those that improve sensitivity and those that move the technology into new areas by refining existing approaches. An example of the first category is a flow cytometric system capable of measuring the phase shift of fluorescence emitted by fluorophors bound to cells is being assembled. This phase sensitive cytometer is be capable of quantifying fluorescence life time on a cell-by-cell basis as well as using the phase sensitive detection to separate fluorescence emissions that overlap spectrally but have different lifetimes. A Fourier transform flow cytometer capable of measuring the fluorescence emission spectrum of individual labeled cells at rates approaching several hundred per second is also in the new technology category. The current implementation is capable of resolving the visible region of the spectrum into 8 bands. With this instrument, it is possible to resolve the contributions of fluorophors with overlapping emission spectra and to determine the emission spectra of dyes such as calcium concentration indicators that are sensitive to the physiological environment. Flow cytometric techniques have been refined to the point that it is possible to detect individual fluorescentmore » molecules in solution as they flow past a laser beam. This capability has lead to a rapid DNA sequencing project. The goal of the project is to develop a technique that is capable of sequencing long strands of DNA (40,000 kb) at a rate of between 100 and 1,000 bases per second.« less
Civic and Ethnic Conceptions of Nationhood on the Peruvian–Chilean Frontier, 1880–1930*

Using Hans Kohn's classic distinction between the Western, political, or civic model of nationalism, and the Eastern, genealogical, or ethnic model, this article analyses the process of nationalism during perhaps the most contentious border dispute in South American history: the Peruvian–Chilean frontier after the War of the Pacific (1879–1883). This article argues that while Kohn's modular dichotomy remains analytically useful in isolating the principles arbitrarily used by Chilean and Peruvian political elites in their official national projects, it underestimates the ways in which various sectors of local society responded to, rejected, or renegotiated these projects.
A national critical loads framework for atmospheric deposition effects assessment: III. Deposition characterization

Methods are discussed for describing patterns of current wet and dry deposition under various scenarios. It is proposed that total deposition data across an area of interest are the most relevant in the context of critical loads of acidic deposition, and that the total (i.e., wet plus dry) deposition will vary greatly with the location, the season, and the characteristics of individual subregions. Wet and dry deposition are proposed to differ in such fundamental ways that they must be considered separately. Both wet and dry deposition rates are controlled by the presence of the chemical species in question in the air (at altitudes of typically several kilometers in the case of wet deposition, and in air near the surface for dry). The great differences in the processes involved lead to the conclusion that it is better to measure wet and dry deposition separately and combine these quantifications to produce “total deposition” estimates than to attempt to derive total deposition directly. A number of options for making estimates of total deposition to be used in critical loads assessment scenarios are discussed for wet deposition (buckets and source receptor models) and for dry deposition (throughfall, micrometeorology, surrogate surfaces and collection vessels, inference from concentrations, dry-wet ratios, and source-receptor models).
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in the intensive care unit

The catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) defines a subgroup of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome who develop a fulminant clinical course with widespread microvascular thrombosis associated with elevated levels of anticardiolipin, or a positive lupus anticoagulant. The pathophysiology of CAPS appears to cause a clinical picture similar to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and the resulting tissue ischemia and necrosis have been associated with rapid demise and significant mortality. Precipitating factors include infections, surgical procedures, trauma, pregnancy/fetal demise, reduction/withdrawal of anticoagulation, and lupus flares. Organ involvement and manifestations include acute respiratory distress syndrome, congestive heart failure, malignant hypertension, acute renal failure, adrenal failure, coma or seizures, bowel or splenic infractions, livedo reticularis, and digital ischemia causing ulcerations or extremity gangrene. The differential diagnosis of CAPS includes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and hereditary thrombophilia. Several treatment modalities have been used, but anticoagulation and immunosuppressive therapy with steroids appear to be associated with decreased mortality.
Interactions between kappa opioid agonists and cocaine. Preclinical studies.

Kappa opioid agonists inhibit dopamine release from mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons and attenuate some behavioral effects of cocaine in rodents. Evidence that kappa opioid agonists may act as functional antagonists of cocaine led us to examine their interactions with cocaine's abuse-related effects in rhesus monkeys. In cocaine self-administration studies, four arylacetamides (U50,488, enadoline, (-) spiradoline and PD117302) and four benzomorphans (ethylketocyclazocine [EKC], bremazocine, Mr2033 and cyclazozine) each were administered as continuous infusions over 10 days. EKC, Mr2033, bremazocine, U50,488 and enadoline produced significant dose-dependent and sustained decreases in cocaine self-administration and also decreased food-maintained responding at some doses. Emesis and sedation were occasionally observed during the first two days of kappa agonist treatment, but tolerance developed rapidly to these effects. Cyclazocine, PD117302 and spiradoline did not significantly alter cocaine self-administration. The behavioral effects of EKC and U50,488 were antagonized by both the kappa opioid antagonist nor-binaltorphimine and the non-selective opioid antagonist naloxone. In general, compounds with mixed activity at both kappa and mu opioid receptors (e.g. EKC, Mr2033) decreased cocaine self-administration more consistently and with fewer or less severe undesirable side effects than more selective kappa agonists (e.g. U50,488, spiradoline). Although several kappa agonists decreased cocaine self-administration, EKC and U50,488 did not consistently block the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in monkeys trained to discriminate cocaine from saline. The extent to which kappa agonist-induced decreases in cocaine self-administration reflect an antagonism of cocaine's abuse-related effect remains to be determined.
Probing the Circulation of Ring-shaped Bose-Einstein Condensates

This paper reports the results of a theoretical and experimental study of how the initial circulation of ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) can be probed by time-of-flight (TOF) images. We have studied the dynamics of a BEC after release from a toroidal trap potential by solving the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation. The trap and condensate characteristics matched those of a recent experiment. The circulation, experimentally imparted to the condensate by stirring, was simulated by imprinting a linear azimuthal phase on the initial condensate wave function. The simulated TOF images were in good agreement with the experimental data. We find that upon release the dynamics of the ring-shaped condensate proceeds in two distinct phases. First, the condensate expands rapidly inward, filling in the initial hole until it reaches a minimum radius that depends on the initial circulation. In the second phase, the density at the inner radius increases to a maximum after which the hole radius begins slowly to expand. During this second phase a series of concentric rings appears due to the interference of ingoing and outgoing matter waves from the inner radius. The results of the GP equation predict that the hole area is a quadratic function of the initial circulation when the condensate is released directly from the trap in which it was stirred and is a linear function of the circulation if the trap is relaxed before release. These scalings matched the data. Thus hole size after TOF can be used as a reliable probe of initial condensate circulation. This connection between circulation and hole size after TOF will facilitate future studies of atomtronic systems that are implemented in ultracold quantum gases.
A dynamic bead-based microarray for parallel DNA detection

A microfluidic system has been designed and constructed by means of micromachining processes to integrate both microfluidic mixing of mobile microbeads and hydrodynamic microbead arraying capabilities on a single chip to simultaneously detect multiple bio-molecules. The prototype system has four parallel reaction chambers, which include microchannels of 18 × 50 μm 2 cross-sectional area and a microfluidic mixing section of 22 cm length. Parallel detection of multiple DNA oligonucleotide sequences was achieved via molecular beacon probes immobilized on polystyrene microbeads of 16 μm diameter. Experimental results show quantitative detection of three distinct DNA oligonucleotide sequences from the Hepatitis C viral (HCV) genome with single base-pair mismatch specificity. Our dynamic bead-based microarray offers an effective microfluidic platform to increase parallelization of reactions and improve microbead handling for various biological applications, including bio-molecule detection, medical diagnostics and drug screening.
SU-E-I-182: Slit-Slat Collimators in a Staggered Array for Dedicated Breast SPECT

Purpose: To compare slit‐slat collimators in single‐layer and staggered arrays with standard parallel‐beam collimators in a dedicated breast SPECT system. Methods: A ring of slit‐slat collimators surrounds a cylindrical region of 20 cm diameter for SPECTimaging of a pendant breast. A second ring of cameras, viewing between cameras in the first ring, may be added to give a staggered array of cameras. Such arrays could be static or rotating; for now, we assume a rotating array, for a radially symmetric ray pattern. Slit width and slat design are specified to match the spatial resolution of a low‐energy all‐purpose parallel‐hole (LEAP) collimator at the axis of rotation. Sensitivity is calculated for arrays of slit‐slat and parallel‐hole collimated cameras, using the maximum number of cameras possible for each. Results: With focal length of 5.7 cm, detector width of 6.5 cm, and 15 cm radius of rotation (ROR), the slit‐slat array could contain twenty cameras for one ring, and forty cameras for two rings. A LEAP‐collimated system with 10 cm ROR could contain four cameras and would have a spatial resolution of 8.0 mm at the axis of rotation. To match this, the slit‐slat collimators would have slit widths of 2.2mm/1.8mm for first and second rows respectively, and slats designed for similar axial resolution. A single row of twenty slit‐slat collimated cameras would have a sensitivity of 8.66×10, −4photons transmitted per photon emitted, while a staggered array would have a sensitivity of 1.28×10, −3. The array of four LEAP‐collimated cameras would have a sensitivity of 6.48 ×10, −4. Conclusions: The single‐ ring configuration of cameras gives sensitivity 34% greater than the LEAP‐ collimated system, while the staggered array gives a 98% sensitivity increase. This doubling in sensitivity comes with a large increase in complexity. Further optimizations for the slit‐slat system are possible in both areas.
Targets of glass regulation in the Drosophila eye disc

The Drosophila glass gene is required for the differentiation and survival of photoreceptors in the compound eye, ocelli and larval photoreceptor organ, glass encodes a zinc finger protein which can activate transcription in cell culture and is likely to act by regulating the expression of other genes. We have shown that it directly or indirectly controls the expression of approximately 25% of all enhancer trap lines expressed in the eye disc. glass gene activity is required to activate 19% of the lines, some of which express beta-galactosidase in photoreceptor subtype-specific patterns, and to repress 6%. The phenotype of eye discs doubly mutant for glass and the homeobox gene rough suggests that glass is required for subtype specification and for recruitment of cells to the ommatidial cluster.
Does a visual-orthographic deficit contribute to reading disability?

In this study, visual-orthographic skills were defined as the ability to recognize whether letters and numerals are correctly oriented. Aims were to investigate whether visual-orthographic skills would contribute independent variance to reading, and whether children with a visual-orthographic deficit would be more impaired readers than similar children without this deficit. Participants were 207 children, aged 8 to 10 years, who attended school in a small suburban community. Because of the evidence that phonological awareness and naming speed are strongly related to reading, visual-orthographic skills were entered into hierarchical regression analyses following these variables. With age, verbal IQ, and verbal short-term memory also controlled, visual-orthographic skills accounted for significant independent variance in all reading measures. When children with a visual—orthographic deficit (29% of the sample) were compared with those without this deficit, they were significantly lower on all reading variables. At 8 to 10 years of age, reading progress of some children continues to be hampered by a problem in orthographic memory for the orientation of letters and numerals. Such children will require special attention, but their problems may be overlooked. As recommended by Willows and Terepocki (1993), there is need for further research on the phenomenon of letter reversals when they occur among children beyond first grade.
Notes on the taxonomy and distribution of oribatid mites (Acari : Oribatei) from Ghana

Distribution patterns and taxonomic relationships of twelve species of oribatid mites collected in Ghana, West Africa, are discussed. The species belong to the following genera : Eohypochthonius, M...
Application of Alford rotation to ground-penetrating radar data

We investigate the application of Alford rotation to ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. By recording the reflected field amplitudes using four different configurations, we extract information about the orientation of buried objects that have angle-dependent reflectivity. In theory this method can be successfully applied to find the orientation of dipping layers, cylinders, and vertical fractures. Modeling results show angle-dependent reflections in all three cases; as a result, we can exactly determine the orientation of these targets. Analysis of a field survey at a controlled GPR test site in which reflections were collected from an elongate cylinder buried in a homogeneous soil show good prediction of the angle of orientation of the cylinder and confirm the expected theoretical and modeling results. The Alford rotation method requires accurate data acquisition for effective practical implementation. Improved results will require exact knowledge of the radiation pattern of the GPR antennas under different circumstances.
Critique on the solar rehabilitation procedures used in SOLMET-2

Abstract A critique of the NOAA procedure for rehabilitation of solar data is given by comparing recent data on clear solar noon atmospheric transmission with the calculated transmissions used in the rehabilitation process. It is found that the standard year irradiance (SYI) method used by NOAA is generally within about 3% of the data except for sites at high latitude in winter. The SYI values are too low at such sites, the worst case being Seattle where winter insolation is underestimated by over 20%. The overall assessment of the NOAA rehabilitation procedures at most sites is that the final result: standard year corrected data provide a reasonable set of consistent values. However, the data at northerly sites are too low.
Determinants of Productivity Differences in International Manufacturing

To access the influence of various factors on labor productivity, a production function model of a plant in a labor-intensive consumer goods industry is developed and estimated econometrically. The model is derived from a production function specified in three functional forms which is expanded to include management and quality-adjustment factors for the capital and labor inputs. The management variable is a performance ranking of the plants in terms of meeting output, quality, and cost goals. Data on approximately 30 plants from a dozen countries over the period 1975 through 1982 was used for the analysis. All of the plants are of a single multinational firm and produce similar products.
Oscillatory Phosphorylation of Yeast Fus3 MAP Kinase Controls Periodic Gene Expression and Morphogenesis

Signal-transduction networks can display complex dynamic behavior such as oscillations in the activity of key components [1-6], but it is often unclear whether such dynamic complexity is actually important for the network's regulatory functions [7, 8]. Here, we found that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Fus3, a key regulator of the yeast mating-pheromone response, undergoes sustained oscillations in its phosphorylation and activation state during continuous pheromone exposure. These MAPK activity oscillations led to corresponding oscillations in mating-gene expression. Oscillations in MAPK activity and gene expression required the negative regulator of G protein signaling Sst2 and partially required the MAPK phosphatase Msg5. Peaks in Fus3 activation correlated with periodic rounds of cell morphogenesis, with each peak preceding the formation of an additional mating projection. Preventing projection formation did not eliminate MAPK oscillation, but preventing MAPK oscillation blocked the formation of additional projections. A mathematical model was developed that reproduced several features of the observed oscillatory dynamics. These observations demonstrate a role for MAPK activity oscillation in driving a periodic downstream response and explain how the pheromone signaling pathway, previously thought to desensitize after 1-3 hr, controls morphology changes that continue for a much longer time.
Study on Electromagnetic Vibration Casting (EVC) of Magnesium Alloys

Electromagnetic Vibration Casting (EVC) is a new effective technical processing for optimizing solidification microstructures of light alloys. In this paper, this technology was induced into magnesium alloy DC casting for providing high-quality large diameter billets. The effects of vibration frequency and current intensities on the microstructures of large diameter billets were investigated. The results indicate that electromagnetic vibration would refine grains and the reduce macrosegregation effectively.
Differences in judgments of persuasive argument quality by three population groups in Iowa.

Objectives: This study describes a method for studying the perceived persuasiveness of rationales for adopting preventive health behaviors. Methods: Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model, we surveyed 156 individuals as to the level of persuasiveness that each of several categories of reason presented in adopting target “prevention” behaviors such as eliminating the use of smokeless tobacco or seeking regular dental care. Results: Significant differences between what the public reported as persuasive reasons and those selected by future dental practitioners were found. Patients saw potential cost savings, elimination of future pain, and being told by an authority person to adopt a behavior as highly persuasive reasons to adopt a target behavior. Nonwhite patients gave significantly higher scores than did white patients to arguments centering on social/aesthetic appeal. On the negative side, episodic care seekers felt significantly more strongly than regular care seekers that their practicing dental prevention activities (e.g., regular checkups, brushing, and flossing) benefited someone other than themselves (dental profession and dental manufacturers). Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that one way to improve persuasive public health preventive messages is to consider whether the fundamental arguments on which preventive health campaigns are built have broad patient appeal.
Prediction based task scheduling in distributed computing

The effectiveness of task scheduling in a distributed environment is critically dependent on the timely identification of the least loaded nodes. Whether the issue of interest is load-sharing or distributed parallel computation, overall system performance is determined in large part by the characteristics of the nodes participating in a particular computation. The diversity of node characteristics across the network frequently results in a spectrum of available compute powers on different nodes. Due to the high cost of task migration, effective evaluation of the relative available compute powers of the nodes in the network and the use of that information in task distribution are essential components of successful task scheduling in a distributed environment.
Moving Towards Green and Sustainable Manufacturing

The pressing needs of energy, water and other resource conservation worldwide is a major engineering challenge. In manufacturing, developing green technologies (from process and tooling to the entire enterprise) is one way to insure that future manufacturing systems are sustainable. To do this, innovation in advanced manufacturing is needed. The basic requirements of green technology are discussed along with methods and tools to insure they are effectively applied and their impacts measured. For situations in which the manufacturing environmental burden is less than the burden for the use of the product leveraging is proposed to insure a total life cycle impact reduction. Examples of several green technologies are presented.
An Array of Parallel Edge Cracks with Alternating Lengths in a Strip Subjected to a Thermal Shock

Ceramics and other brittle materials suffer multiple surface cracking when subjected to quenching. These surface cracks greatly influence the thermal fracture behavior of brittle materials. This paper considers an array of parallel edge cracks with alternating lengths in an elastic plate subjected to a thermal shock. A Fourier transform/superposition method is used to derive the coupled integral equations that govern the displacement discontinuity gradients along the surfaces of the long and short cracks. Thermal stress intensity factors at the tips of the long and short cracks are calculated from the numerical solutions of the integral equations. The numerical results indicate that the crack length ratio and crack spacing have profound effects on the thermal stress intensity factors.
Suspended in Self-Spun Webs of Significance: A Rhetorical Model of Institutionalization and Institutionally Embedded Agency

This article employs rhetorical theory to reconceptualize institutionalization as change in argument structure. As a state, institutionalization is embodied in the structure of argument used to jus...
Cyclic fluvial sedimentation in a rapidly subsiding basin, northwest Washington

Abstract The Eocene Chuckanut Formation of northwest Washington comprises as much as 6000 m of alluvial strata and is one of the thickest nonmarine sequences in North America. The Bellingham Bay Member forms approximately the lower half of the Chuckanut Formation; it is characterized by repetitive fining-upward cycles consisting of a lower coarse-grained and an upper fine-grained member. Two types of cycle have similar vertical profiles but can be distinguished by the nature of their coarse member. Coarse members of the first type are thick (> 2–3 m), are commonly multi-storey, have apparent sheet geometry and are interpreted as the deposits of meandering-river channels and point bars. Coarse members of the second type are thinner ( Down-basin changes in the Bellingham Bay Member include a major decrease in grain size and an increase in fine-member thickness and cycle-recurrence interval. These changes reflect decreased flow competence and increased stability of channel banks. Similar trends might be found in other ancient alluvial sequences and could be useful in studies of both basin geometry and coal exploration. Sediment-accumulation rates are a minimum of 50 cm 1000 yrs −1 , implying rapid subsidence. This subsidence probably had a major control on the sedimentation style of the Bellingham Bay Member, which resembles computer-generated models of alluvial stratigraphy at high subsidence rates (Allen, 1978).
Novel Funding for a Novel Nonprofit Sector: Latin America's Private Research Centers

Latin America's nonprofit research centers have a major impact on politics and society as well as on academia. Crucial to this impact is the central nonprofit challenge of attracting sufficient, stable income. The centers have done a remarkable job of building a novel and increasingly diversified income profile. This profile ruptures the region's statist tradition as it rests on voluntary giving, markets, an evolving private-public mix, and pluralism.
Redshifting of a bound-to-continuum GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetector response via laser annealing

The effect of laser annealing on important detector characteristics such as dark current, spectral response, and absolute responsivity is investigated for bound-to-continuum GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) operating in the 8–12 μm wavelength regime. A set of experiments was conducted on QWIPs fabricated from both as-grown and laser-annealed multiple-quantum-well structures. Compared to the as-grown structure, the peak spectral response of the laser-annealed structure was shifted to longer wavelengths, though absolute responsivity was decreased by about a factor of two. In addition, over a wide range of bias levels, the laser-annealed QWIPs exhibited a slightly lower dark current compared to the as-grown QWIPs. Thus, the postgrowth control of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum-well composition profiles by laser annealing offers unique opportunities to fine tune various aspects of a QWIP’s response.
Historical lessons in purchasing and supplier relationship management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the key recommendations of early practitioners of purchasing management regarding supplier relationships and how policies and practices for obtaining lower unit prices affect buyer‐seller relationships.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the seven earliest books published on purchasing in the period 1915‐1940, and contrasts with common purchasing practices currently used by large corporations.Findings – The logical, practical recommendations made by purchasing managers in the early 1900s differ markedly from the imprudent practices used by the managers of most large corporations today.Research limitations/implications – Research is limited by the inability to speak to deceased authors/purchasing practitioners cited to gain their venerable insights on the longevity of value‐destroying dysfunctional purchasing practices.Practical implications – This paper shows how the common purchasing performance metric and the zero‐sum policies and practices u...
Island arc processes relevant to crustal and mantle evolution

Abstract Recycling of continental crust occurs at convergent plate margins. Recycling must be investigated at several structural levels and time scales: shallow, intermediate, and deep. Surface recycling: sedimentary, igneous, and structural redistribution of crustal mass, is not included in this hierarchy, although it controls the composition of the recycled crust. Crustal growth, structural and geochemical evolution is directly tied to the larger, less complex mantle. Crustal recycling at the deepest structural level must be understood better in order to choose between alternative interpretations of the isotopic evolution of the mantle. Crustal recycling at intermediate structural levels by subduction of crust and its subsequent reappearance as a component of volcanic arc magmas has important implications for the question of long-term crustal growth. Crustal recycling at shallow structural levels is important in understanding the development of forearc regions. The mass flux at present day convergent plate margins has been diagramed in order to systematize future investigations and to clarify the distinction between the recycling at different levels, and the observable quantities in the present day earth that are relevant to recycling disputes.
Equilibrium thermodynamics of multiply substituted isotopologues of molecular gases

Isotopologues of molecular gases containing more than one rare isotope (multiply substituted isotopologues) can be analyzed with high precision (1σ <0.1‰), despite their low natural abundances (∼ ppm to ppt in air), and can constrain geochemical budgets of natural systems. We derive a method for calculating abundances of all such species in a thermodynamically equilibrated population of isotopologues, and present results of these calculations for O_2, CO, N_2, NO, CO_2, and N_2O between 1000 and 193 to 77 K. In most cases, multiply substituted isotopologues are predicted to be enriched relative to stochastic (random) distributions by ca. 1 to 2‰ at earth-surface temperatures. This deviation, defined as Δ_i for isotopologue i, generally increases linearly with 1/T at temperatures ≤ 500 K. An exception is N_2O, which shows complex temperature dependences and 10’s of per-mill enrichments or depletions of abundances for some isotopologues. These calculations provide a basis for discriminating between fractionations controlled by equilibrium thermodynamics and other sorts of isotopic fractionations in the budgets of atmospheric gases. Moreover, because abundances of multiply substituted isotopologues in thermodynamically equilibrated populations of molecules vary systematically with temperature, they can be used as geothermometers. Such thermometers are unusual in that they involve homogeneous rather than heterogeneous equilibria (e.g., isotopic distribution in gaseous CO_2 alone, rather than difference in isotopic composition between CO_2 and coexisting water). Also, multiple independent thermometers exist for all molecules having more than one multiply substituted isotopologue (e.g., thermometers based on abundances of ^(18)O^(13)C^(16)O and ^(18)O^(12)C^(18)O are independent); thus, temperatures estimated by this method can be tested for internal consistency.
Physical interaction and association by contiguity in memory for the words and melodies of songs

Three experiments were designed to investigate two explanations for the integration effect in memory for songs (Serafine, Crowder, & Repp, 1984; Serafine, Davidson, Crowder, & Repp, 1986). The integration effect is the finding that recognition of the melody (or text) of a song is better in the presence of the text (or melody) with which it had been heard originally than in the presence of a different text (or melody). One explanation for this finding is the physical interaction hypothesis, which holds that one component of a song exerts subtle but memorable physical changes on the other component, making the latter different from what it would be with a different companion. In Experiments 1 and 2, we investigated the influence that words could exert on the subtle musical character of a melody. A second explanation for the integration effect is the association by-contiguity hypothesis, which holds that any two events experienced in close temporal proximity may become connected in memory such that each acts as a recall cue for the other. In Experiment 3, we investigated the degree to which simultaneous presentation of spoken text with a hummed melody would induce an association between the two components. The results gave encouragement for both explanations and are discussed in terms of the distinction between encoding specificity and independent associative bonding.
Effects of early cold adaptation on food efficiency and dietary-induced thermogenesis in the adult rat.

Abstract The food intakes of male and female rats (Harvard strain) adapted to cold (5°C) starting at weaning were studied in the cold and during reacclimation to 25°C. Following 24 hr food deprivation, the male rats regained the weight they had lost without making up for the food they had missed (increased food efficiency), while the female rats ate 75% more food than they had missed in regaining their body weights (decreased food efficiency), independent of the temperature at which the animals were housed. On a high fat diet, both cold groups gained less weight than did the two control groups. However, each female group gained significantly less weight than its same temperature male group. Dietary-induced thermogenesis was significantly enhanced in male cold adapted rats 3 months after reacclimation to the zone of thermal neutrality but not in cold adapted female rats. Sex and strain differences are discussed. These data indicate that early chronic cold exposure results in both immediate and long-term changes in food efficiency and metabolism in adult rats, but the effects vary with the sex of the animal.
Upper critical field of D-wave superconductors

Abstract Within the weak-coupling model we study the upper critical field of a dx2−y2 superconductor in a magnetic field lying in the a−b plane and tilted by an angle θ from the a−an. We find that the upper critical field exhibits four-fold symmetry and takes the maximum value when H ‖ a . The anisotropy is about 10% at T = 0 K and decreases with increasing temperature and it vanishes completely at T = Tc. We also study the effect of impurity scattering on upper critical field. We find a quasi-scaling law as found for the upper critical field in heavy fermion superconductors.
Profile minimization on triangulated triangles

Given graph G=(V,E) on n vertices, the profile minimization problem is to find a one-to-one function f: V → {1,2,.....,n} such that Σv ∈ V(G){f(v)-minx ∈ N[v] f(x)} is as small as possible, where N[v] = {v} ∪ {x:x is adjacent to v} is the closed neighborhood of v in G. The trangulated triangle Tl is the graph whose vertices are the triples of non-negative integers summing to l, with an edge connecting two triples if they agree in one coordinate and differ by 1 in the other two coordinates. This paper provides a polynomial time algorithm to solve the profile minimization problem for trangulated triangles Tl with side-length l.
Three-dimensional fractal structure of a blood clot using quantitative phase imaging

We demonstrate a quantitative phase imaging technique to measure the three-dimensional structure of a blood clot. The technique offers a non-invasive, speckle-free and label-free approach for exploring the fractal characteristics of fibrin network.
FCC Diathermy Design for Low Harmonic Radiation and Good Frequency Stability

This paper has set forth the principles which pertain to the elimination of frequency instability and harmonic radiation from diathermy equipment, illustrating the application of the principles with an actual model. In this way it is hoped that emphasis will have been placed on the manner of obtaining the results as well as on the principles. The problem of high frequency harmonics requires facility with high frequency techniques.
Signal frequency channelizer/ synthesizer

A transparent digital bent pipe payload provides a solution to the gap that exists between fully regenerative processors and analog bent pipe payloads. This paper presents a computationally efficient, flexible, frequency demultiplexer (channelizer), a frequency multiplexer (synthesizer), and a router implementation that maximizes the spectral use efficiency in a multi-beam system environment.
Antioxidant properties of flavonol glycosides from green beans

AbstractWe have examined the antioxidant activity of one class of polyphenolic compounds in green beans: two novel flavonol glycosides (quercetin 3-O-[xylosyl(1→ 2)]-rhamnosyl (1→6)-glucoside and the corresponding kaempferol analogue), quercetin 3-O-glucuronide, kaempferol 3-O-glucuronide, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and inhibition of iron/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation of phosphatidyl choline vesicles were measured. In the aqueous phase TEAC assay, the glucuronide and rutinoside of quercetin were good antioxidants, but not as effective as the quercetin aglycone. TEAC values for the glucuronide and other glycosides of kaempferol were much lower than the corresponding quercetin species but similar to that of the kaempferol aglycone. Quercetin 3-O-glucuronide and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside were both potent inhibitors of lipid peroxidation, in contrast to the those of kaempferol. The compounds described herein demonstrate the a...
Tracing one teacher candidate's discursive identity work

Abstract Drawing on the work of one teacher candidate, I demonstrate what can be learnt about the process of discursively constructing a teacher identity through the close study of written plans and portfolios. This teacher candidate positioned herself differently over time in relation to discourses from her teacher education programme about the importance of using detailed knowledge of students to guide planning and instruction. In the end, she downplayed specific information about students, arguing students' interests were “worthless.” The findings have implications for the ways teacher educators work with teacher candidates around artefacts of practice.
Implications of fast food restaurant concentration for preschool-aged childhood obesity

Abstract In this research, the authors examine the effects on preschool-aged childhood obesity rates associated with the direct and moderating influence of fast food restaurant density levels, consumer poverty, and urbanization. Results show that higher levels of fast food restaurant saturation are associated with increased levels of childhood obesity in both urban and poor areas, with the largest negative effect of fast food availability on obesity occurring in more economically disadvantaged, urban areas. Findings highlight why the societal impacts of targeting vulnerable populations through corporate location selection strategies should be fully considered in social marketing initiatives, especially given that unhealthy products with long term health risks are increasingly accessible.
A Branch Search Algorithm for the Knapsack Problem

This paper presents an algorithm for the solution of the knapsack problem. The method involves searching the nodes of a tree along a single branch at a time. The algorithm eliminates the computational drawbacks inherent in the usual branch and bound schemes.