cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Provocation of nonepileptic seizures by suggestion in a general seizure population.

Summary: Nonepileptic seizures (NES) are common and are often diagnosed at epilepsy centers by video-EEG recording of both spontaneous and suggestion-induced episodes, but no study has evaluated provocative testing in a general seizure population. We studied consecutive patients with a tentative diagnosis of epilepsy using saline provocation during video–EEG recording, suggesting that this could produce a typical seizure. Of 52 patients, 40% had no response, 23% had responses unlike their seizures, and 37% had typical episodes (positive test). Patients whose usual episodes resembled complex partial seizures (CPS) were more likely to have NES than were patients with a history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTC). Of patients with positive provocations, the primary physician predicted NES in 68% of cases. This preliminary study suggests that NES are frequent in a general neurology setting, and that saline provocation is a sensitive method of identifying NES.
Moving from the Inside Out: Hammond's Radiant Affection

ABSTRACT Harmony Hammond, known both nationally and internationally, is a contemporary lesbian artist from New Mexico who has lectured and published extensively on feminist art, lesbian art, and the cultural representation of “difference.” Radiant Affection is representative of Hammond's organic work from the early 1980s that makes present the gendered body. Despite a demanding schedule, Hammond continues to be involved and supportive of the lesbian and gay communities and has curated several art exhibitions of contemporary works by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and two-spirited people.
Rapid purification of lactate dehydrogenase from rat liver and hepatoma: a new approach.

A new affinity column has been developed for the isolation of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27; M 4 -LDH) from rat liver and from two Morris hepatomas (Nos. 7777 and 7793). LDH of maximum specific catalytic activity and single-component behavior during polyacrylamide electrophoresis can be obtained in high yield within a period of several hours, depending on the scale of the preparation. Blue Dextran has been coupled covalently to Sepharose-4B by the cyanogen bromide procedure. Application of a crude liver or hepatoma extract in dilute buffer pH 8.6, to a column of Blue Dextran-Sepharose-4B results in quantitive binding of the LDH. After washing with the extracting buffer to remove ultraviolet-absorbing materials, additional contaminating proteins are removed by treatment with NAD + -lactate. Elution of LDH is accomplished with NADH. Residual contaminants are removed on a column of DEAE-Sephadex, and the apparently homogeneous LDH is obtained in 60% yield after ultrafiltration.
Combining Temporal-Envelope Cues Across Channels: Effects of Age and Hearing Loss

The goal of this study was to examine the ability to combine temporal-envelope information across frequency channels. Three areas were addressed: (a) the effects of hearing loss, (b) the effects of...
Carbon-13 NMR studies of exchange in R3SnER′n derivatives

Abstract Carbon-13 NMR data are reported for trimethyltin derivatives containing ER n groups where E  C, Si, Ge, Sn, N, O and S including a series of cyclic amines with ring sizes from three to seven. Coupling constant values for the homologous series of fourth group derivatives give goood correlations with the electronegativity of E. The observation of the two-bond, ¦ 2 J ( 119 SnE 13 C) ¦ couplings only in the derivatives containing bulky R groups is rationalized by a bimolecular exchange of ER n groups in the concentrated solutions studied.
Abstract 3795: STAT-3: A Novel Target of Diindolylmethane in Ovarian Cancer

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Signal transducers and activation of transcription (STATs) are the important for growth and development. However defects in STAT's may lead to malignant transformation. STAT-3 is an oncogene which is over expressed in several cancers including ovarian cancer. We have previously demonstrated that Diindolylmethane (DIM), an active metabolite of Indole-3-Carbinol present in cruciferous vegetables, is effective in suppressing the proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells, however, the mechanism through which DIM reduces the growth of cancer cells was not clear. We hypothesized that DIM inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting STAT-3 activation. Our present studies demonstrate that DIM treatment inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT-3 at Tyr-705 and Ser-727 in a concentration-dependent manner in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. Interestingly, DIM treatment also reduced the constitutive protein expression of STAT-3 in both the cell lines. In a time dependent study, we observed that STAT-3 inhibition was as early as 1h after DIM treatment. Next, we wanted to see whether DIM can block IL-6 mediated activation of STAT-3. Treatment of SKOV-3 or OVCAR-3 cells with 5ng/ml IL-6 for 15min increase the activation of STAT-3 by phosphorylation at Tyr705 by almost twenty fold. Our results reveal that DIM treatment almost completely blocked IL-6 induced phosphorylation of STAT-3 at Tyr705 in both SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells and completely in TOV-21G cells. STAT-3 after activation translocate to nucleus, bind to DNA and is involved in the transcription of responsive genes such as Mcl-1, survivin and Bcl-2. Our results demonstrate that DIM inhibits the DNA binding activity of STAT-3 resulting in the reduced expression of Mcl-1, survivin and Bcl-2. Overexpression of STAT-3 by gene transfection abrogates the cell growth inhibitory effects of DIM. Taken together, our cellular results establish STAT-3 as a therapeutic target of DIM in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, our just completed in vivo studies indicate that oral administration of 2mg DIM per day for 6 weeks significantly suppressed the growth of SKOV-3 tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. Whether SKOV-3 ovarian tumor growth suppression is through inhibition of STAT-3 in vivo is currently under investigation. [Supported in part by RO1 CA 106953 and CA 129038 awarded to S.K.S by NIH] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3795.
Gasoline demand in Europe: New insights

Abstract This study utilizes a panel data set from 14 European countries over the period 1990–2004 to estimate a dynamic model specification for gasoline demand. Previous studies estimating gasoline consumption per total passenger cars ignore the recent increase in the number of diesel cars in most European countries leading to biased elasticity estimates. We apply several common dynamic panel estimators to our small sample. Results show that specifications neglecting the share of diesel cars overestimate short-run income, price and car ownership elasticities. It appears that the results of standard pooled estimators are more reliable than common IV/GMM estimators applied to our small data set.
The Role of Smoking in Crohn’s Disease as Defined by Clinical Variables

The development of Crohn’s disease (CD) is related to an interaction of genetic and environmental factors, with tobacco smoking being one of the most commonly studied environmental factors. In 1998, the Vienna classification was created to define CD by using three accepted clinical variables: age at diagnosis, disease behavior, and disease location. In this qualitative systematic review, articles examining the relationship between smoking and CD, using variables outlined in the Vienna classification, were identified utilizing multiple health databases. Current smoking was found to be associated with late-onset CD (≥40 years old) and current smokers were more likely to progress to stricturing or penetrating type CD than were nonsmoking patients. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the relationship between smoking with respect to CD disease location. The Vienna classification is an important tool in permitting comparisons and predicting clinical course among CD cases, especially when smoking status is taken into account.
Bedside Ultrasound in Pediatric Practice

July 1, 2002. Overnight shift in the pediatric emergency department. In 1 room, the fellow is attempting to place a central venous catheter in a 5-year-old boy with presumed septic shock but has been unable to locate the femoral vein with her finder needle. In the next room lies a 7-year-old trauma patient. He is tachycardic with poor perfusion and abrasions on his chest. The team calls for a portable chest radiograph and begins a secondary survey. The resident taps your shoulder. “Can I present a patient?” He describes a 15-year-old girl with lupus complaining of chest pain who is ill appearing, tachycardic, and short of breath. “I ordered labs and chest radiograph.” July 1, 2012. Overnight shift in the pediatric emergency department. In 1 room, the fellow is attempting to place a central venous catheter in a 5-year-old boy with presumed septic shock. Using bedside ultrasound, she makes adjustments with her finder needle until she sees it enter the femoral vein. In the next room lies a 7-year-old trauma patient. He is tachycardic with poor perfusion and abrasions on his chest. The team performs an extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma examination, which reveals free fluid in Morison’s pouch and no pneumothorax. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen is prioritized, and type O negative blood is ordered. The resident taps your shoulder. “Can I present a patient?” He describes a 15-year-old girl with lupus complaining of chest pain who is ill appearing, tachycardic, and short of breath. “I did a bedside ultrasound, and she has a pericardial effusion.” In 2002, many … Address correspondence to Rebecca Vieira, MD, RDMS, Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail: rebecca.vieira{at}childrens.harvard.edu
P-n junction from solution: Cuprous oxide p-n homojunction by electrodeposition

Inorganic solar cells are traditionally fabricated by vacuum-based semiconductor processing. Although cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) can be synthesized by wet-chemical methods, its natural p-type conductivity has prevented an efficient p-n homojunction solar cell. In this paper we report the effect of solution pH on the conduction type (n- or p-type) of Cu 2 O in electrodeposition. It is found that Cu 2 O electrodeposited at bath pH below 7.5 is n-type, while Cu 2 O deposited at bath pH above 9 is p-type. This is likely because bath pH controls the amount of oxygen incorporated into the growing Cu 2 O film and thus the nature of native point defects. Capacitance-voltage and photocurrent measurements confirm that the conduction type of Cu 2 O can be controlled by bath pH. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy reveal that while n-type Cu 2 O deposited on Cu substrate appears amorphous, n-type Cu 2 O deposited on p-type polycrystalline Cu 2 O is polycrystalline. Current-voltage measurements indicate that Al makes ohmic contacts to n-type Cu 2 O and Cu to p-type Cu 2 O. Furthermore, a two-step process is adopted to deposit p-type and n-type Cu 2 O in sequence for the formation of a p-n homojunction in Cu 2 O. Photocurrent and current-voltage characterization confirm that a p-n homojunction of Cu 2 O is achieved.
Effect of fluid shear and irradiance on population growth and cellular toxin content of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense

The potential for in situ turbulence to inhibit dinoflagellate population growth has been demonstrated by experimentally exposing dinoflagellate cultures to quantified shear flow. However, despite interest in understanding environmental factors that affect the growth of toxic dinoflagellates, little is known of the effect of shear on the growth of toxin-producing dinoflagellate species. Cultures of the dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense,a producer of toxins responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning, were exposed to quantified laminar shear generated in Couette flow for 1‐24 h d 21
Combined surgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of cerebral metastases.

Abstract Background Patients with limited intracranial metastatic disease traditionally have been treated with surgery followed by WBRT. However, there is growing concern for the debilitating cognitive effects after WBRT in long-term survivors. We present a series of patients treated with surgery followed by SRS, while reserving WBRT as a salvage therapy for disease progression. Methods Medical records from 15 patients with 1 to 2 cerebral metastases who underwent both resection and SRS were reviewed. Outcome measures included overall survival, survival by RPA class, EOR, local tumor control, progression of intracranial disease, need for WBRT salvage therapy, and COD. Results Fifteen patients with cerebral metastases were treated with the combined surgery-SRS paradigm. Eight of the 15 patients (53.3%) were designated RPA class 1, with 6 of 15 (40.0%) in class 2 and 1 of 15 (6.7%) in class 3. Gross total resection was achieved in 12 cases (80.0%). Overall median survival was 20.0 months, with values of 22.0 and 13.0 months for RPA classes 1 and 2, respectively. Local recurrence occurred in 16.7% of those patients with GTR. Six patients (40.0%) went on to receive WBRT at a median of 8.0 months from initial presentation. Twelve patients (80.0%) had died at the completion of the study, and the COD was CNS progression in 33.3%. Conclusions Surgical resection combined with SRS is an effective treatment for selected patients with limited cerebral metastatic disease. Survival using this combined treatment was equivalent to or greater than that reported by other studies using surgery + WBRT or SRS + WBRT.
Urban tree influences on ultraviolet irradiance

Many of the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on people and their environment--damage to various materials, survival of insects and microbial pathogens, growth of vegetation, and adverse or beneficial effects on human health-are modified by the pxesence of trees. Human epidemiological investigations generally consider exposure as given by indices of WR irradiance on horizontal surfaces in the open. Though many people are exposed to UVR while reclining at a beach or swimming pool, thus experiencing irradiance on essentially horizontal surfaces in the open, exposure to UVR during daily routines in urban arras may also be important in affecting human health. Tree influences on UVR irradiance, particularly in the UVB, can differ substantially from influences on the visible portion of the solar spectrum. Trees greatly reduce UVB Mane in theii shade whcn they obscure both the sun and sky. Where trees obscure the sun but leave much of the sky in view, UVB irradiance will be greater than suggested by the visible shadow. In small sunny areas near trees that block much of the slq hm view, UVB irradiance is roduced substantially, whereas visible imdiance may be nearly as great or slightly greater than in the open.
Radical reactivity of the Fe(III)/(II) tetramesitylporphyrin couple: hydrogen atom transfer, oxyl radical dissociation, and catalytic disproportionation of a hydroxylamine

The chemistry of low-valent iron porphyrin complexes with oxyl radical reagents has been explored. (meso-Tetramesityl porphyrinato) iron(III) hydroxide, (TMP)FeIII(OH) reacts with the hydroxylamine TEMPO–H (1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine) to yield the ferrous porphyrin, (TMP)FeII, together with H2O and TEMPO. This reaction has a second order rate constant k1 = 76 ± 5 M−1 s−1 and likely occurs by concerted e−/H+ transfer. Hydrazines PhNHNHPh and PhNHNH2 similarly yield (TMP)FeII. A subsequent reaction between TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdinyl radical) and (TMP)FeII is observed to reversibly form the TEMPO-ligated ferric porphyrin, (TMP)FeIII(TEMPO). A combination of 1H NMR and optical spectroscopies were used to determine the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for TEMPO binding: K4 (25 °C) = 535 ± 20 M−1, ΔH°4 = −7.0 ± 1.5 kcal mol−1, ΔS°4 = −11 ± 5 cal mol−1 K−1, ΔG‡4(235 K) = 21.3 ± 0.5 kcal mol−1, ΔG‡−4(235 K) = 16.9 ± 0.5 kcal mol−1. The Fe–O bond is remarkably weak. The stable phenoxyl radical 2,4,6-tBu3C6H2O˙ (ArO˙) forms a stronger bond to (TMP)FeII to irreversibly make a similar FeIII(OR) complex. Both (TMP)FeII and (TMP)FeIII(OH) are catalysts for the disproportionation of excess TEMPO–H to TEMPO and TEMP–H (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine). The lack of reactivity between (TMP)FeII and the alkylated TEMPO–H analogue, TEMPO–CH3, suggests that the disproportionation involves a hydrogen atom transfer step. These results highlight the importance and versatility of the heme FeIII/II couple that is often overshadowed by its higher-valent counterparts.
Some results of finite element applications in finite elasticity

Abstract This paper examines a number of problems connected with the finite element analysis of finite elastic deformations. A brief review of formulation of equations governing finite deformations of highly elastic elements is given. The convergence of finite element approximations for static problems in elasticity is studied. Incremental stiffness equations are derived in general form and various types of incremental loading techniques are examined. A number of representative solved problems in finite elasticity are given.
A conceptual model of consumers’ online tourism confusion

Purpose – This study aims to develop a conceptual model demonstrating the antecedents and outcomes of consumers’ online tourism information confusion. Design/methodology/approach – A deductive approach was utilized to propose eight variables as antecedents of online confusion and five confusion reduction strategies as outcomes of consumers’ online tourism confusion. The underlying mechanisms in which these variables might lead to consumers’ online tourism information confusion are elaborated using elaboration likelihood model (ELM) (Petty and Cacioppo, 1986) as the major theoretical underpinning. Findings – The model indicates that consumers could experience overload, similarity and ambiguity confusion when the information acquired is too much, too similar and/or too vague. In addition, as suggested by the ELM (Petty and Cacioppo, 1986), online users who are low in learning orientation, price consciousness, cognition need and Internet experience and high in ambiguity tolerance are more likely to experienc...
Tissue-specific gene expression in maize seeds during colonization by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides.

Summary Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides are fungal pathogens that colonize maize kernels and produce the harmful mycotoxins aflatoxin and fumonisin, respectively. Management practice based on potential host resistance to reduce contamination by these mycotoxins has proven difficult, resulting in the need for a better understanding of the infection process by these fungi and the response of maize seeds to infection. In this study, we followed the colonization of seeds by histological methods and the transcriptional changes of two maize defence-related genes in specific seed tissues by RNA in situ hybridization. Maize kernels were inoculated with either A. flavus or F. verticillioides 21–22 days after pollination, and harvested at 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h post-inoculation. The fungi colonized all tissues of maize seed, but differed in their interactions with aleurone and germ tissues. RNA in situ hybridization showed the induction of the maize pathogenesis-related protein, maize seed (PRms) gene in the aleurone and scutellum on infection by either fungus. Transcripts of the maize sucrose synthase-encoding gene, shrunken-1 (Sh1), were observed in the embryo of non-infected kernels, but were induced on infection by each fungus in the aleurone and scutellum. By comparing histological and RNA in situ hybridization results from adjacent serial sections, we found that the transcripts of these two genes accumulated in tissue prior to the arrival of the advancing pathogens in the seeds. A knowledge of the patterns of colonization and tissue-specific gene expression in response to these fungi will be helpful in the development of resistance.
Oxidative Stress Inhibits Apoptosis in Human Lymphoma Cells

Abstract Apoptosis and necrosis are two forms of cell death that are induced under different conditions and that differ in morphological and biochemical features. In this report, we show that, in the presence of oxidative stress, human B lymphoma cells are unable to undergo apoptosis and die instead by a form of necrosis. This was established using the chemotherapy drug VP-16 or the calcium ionophore A23187 to induce apoptosis in Burkitt’s lymphoma cell lines and by measuring classical markers of apoptotic death, including cell morphology, annexin V binding, DNA ladder formation, and caspase activation. In the presence of relatively low levels of H2O2 (75–100 μm), VP-16 and A23187 were unable to induce apoptosis in these cells. Instead, the cells underwent non-apoptotic cell death with mild cytoplasmic swelling and nuclear shrinkage, similar to the death observed when they were treated with H2O2 alone. We found that H2O2 inhibits apoptosis by depleting the cells of ATP. The effects of H2O2 can be overcome by inhibitors of poly(ADP)-ribosylation, which also preserve cellular ATP levels, and can be mimicked by agents such as oligomycin, which inhibit ATP synthesis. The results show that oxidants can manipulate cell death pathways, diverting the cell away from apoptosis. The potential physiological ramifications of this finding will be discussed.
The Non-Actualistic Early Triassic Gastropod Fauna:A Case Study of the Lower Triassic SinbadLimestone Member

Abstract Through a detailed regional study of the Lower Triassic (Nammalian) Sinbad Limestone Member of the Moenkopi Formation in southeastern Utah, previously qualitative paleoecological observations on Early Triassic gastropods have been quantified. Paleocommunities of the Lower Triassic Sinbad Limestone Member are dominated by gastropod juveniles and small-size adult gastropods (99% of the gastropods are smaller than 1 cm) that form numerous microgastropod packstones and grainstones that were deposited subtidally. The results from this case study of the Sinbad Limestone Member reflect a global Early Triassic phenomenon of microgastropod-dominated open-shelf environments. These characteristics of the paleoecology of Early Triassic gastropod faunas are non-actualistic since, during Ecological Evolutionary Units (EEUs), larger gastropods and normal-marine communities are invariably common somewhere contemporaneous with the occurrence of microgastropod-dominated faunas. Early Triassic microgastropods behav...
Disclosure Level and the Cost of Capital

The effect of disclosure level on the cost of equity capital is a matter of considerable interest and importance to the financial reporting community. However, the association between disclosure level and cost of equity capital is not well established and has been difficult to quantify. In this paper I examine the association between disclosure level and the cost of equity capital by regressing firm-specific estimates of cost of equity capital on market beta, firm size and a self-constructed measure of disclosure level. My measure of disclosure level is based on the amount of voluntary disclosure provided in the 1990 annual reports of a sample of 122 manufacturing firms. For firms that attract a low analyst following, the results indicate that greater disclosure is associated with a lower cost of equity capital. The magnitude of the effect is such that a one unit difference in the disclosure measure is associated with a difference of approximately twenty-eight basis points in the cost of equity capital, after controlling for market beta and firm size. For firms with a high analyst following, however, I find no evidence of an association between my measure of disclosure level and cost of equity capital perhaps because the disclosure measure is limited to the annual report and accordingly may not provide a powerful proxy for overall disclosure level when analysts play a significant role in the communication process.
Social Work as Symbolic Interaction

SUMMARY Symbolic interaction theory is examined in terms of its implications for social work practice. The underlying premises and major concepts of the symbolic interactionist perspective are reviewed to set the stage for a discussion of the theory as it could be applied to various levels of social work intervention. It is concluded that this orientation offers considerable possibilities for the further development of social work theory.
Magainin 2 effects on the ultrastructure of five plant pathogens

Magainin 2 from the African clawed frog is a member of a host defense peptide family with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity related to its ef- fects on membrane integrity. This bioactive peptide was examined for its effects on the ultrastructure of the plant pathogens Thielaviopsis basicola, Rhizocton- ia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, and Pythium ultimum. Magainin 2 at 0.05 jig/jiL in potato dextrose broth in microtiter plate wells com- pletely inhibited all hyphal growth observable with a dissecting scope at 40 X, except for P. ultimum. These organisms were subsequently grown on potato dex- trose agar and the leading edge of each colony treat- ed with 1 pxg of magainin 2 in 10uL. Hyphal plugs from the treated area were taken at 12 and 24 h after treatment for transmission electron microscopic ex- amination. Observations on the ultrastructure of ma- gainin 2-treated hyphae revealed changes in the size and shape of the mitochondria, degradation of the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic matrices, reduction in the number of ribosomes and vacuolization of cy- toplasm after 12 h of treatment. The structural deg- radation of the cells was more severe after 24 h treat- ment. Magainin 2 at the concentration tested had no significant effect on the growth of P ultimum, per- haps due to the disparate metabolic chemistry of the Oomycetes compared to the other organisms. The low molecular weight and bioactivity of magainin 2 makes it a candidate for additional investigation into its use in bioengineered host resistance.
Kcnj10 is a major type of K channel in mouse corneal epithelial cells and plays a role in initiating EGFR signaling

We used primary mouse corneal epithelial cells (pMCE) to examine the role of Kcnj10 in determining membrane K+ conductance and cell membrane potential and in regulating EGF/TGFA release. Western bl...
Connecting performance to social structure and pedagogy as a pathway to scaling learning analytics in MOOCs: an exploratory study

This exploratory study focuses on the design and evaluation of teaching analytics that relate social learning structure with performance measures in a massive open online course MOOC prototype environment. Using reflexive analysis of online learning trace data and qualitative performance measures we present an exploratory empirical study that: a rigorously evaluates a novel, multi-dimensional performance construct; b describes differences in small group dynamics and structure; and c draws a connection between learning performance and group structure. Performance is operationalized using a combination of knowledge construction measurement from discussion boards, rigorous analysis of student work products and several indicators of small group identity in the course examined. Interview and observational data are used to develop an approach for deriving and validating a model of the social structure of students in the course using traces of interaction data. The connection between performance and structure is developed at the small group unit of analysis. Implications for MOOC design, scaling MOOC analytics and a vision for developing social sensors in MOOC environments are presented in the discussion and conclusion.
Analysis on the Content of Trace Elements in Serum of Children in Suzhou City

To know the content of trace elements in serum of children is Suzhou city,the content of Ca,P,Mg,Cu,Fe and Zn in serum of 350 children was detected with Olympus Au-400(Japan).The results show that the content of Ca,P,Mg,Cu,Fe,and Zn in serum is(2.34±0.14)mmol/L,(1.58±0.23)mmol/L,(0.89±0.11)mmol/L,(24.62±5.05)μmol/L,(15.02±5.63)μmol/L and(20.86±5.74)μmol/L.The content of these elements in serum between boys and girls is no different( P 0.10).Among the different ages,the content of Mg and Zn is no different( P 0.10),but the content of Ca,P,Cu and Fe is different( P 0.01).By the increase of ages,the content of Fe increases step by step,and the content of Ca reduces step by step.
Making a silk purse out of a sow's ear.

(1990). Making a Silk Purse Out of a Sow's Ear. Hospital Practice: Vol. 25, No. 12, pp. 24-32.
Cytofluorometric analysis of tumours in nude mice

Since the original demonstration by Rygaard and Povlsen (1969) that human tumours could be grown in nude mice, the use of the nude mouse bearing human tumour models to test for anticancer activity of various drugs, surgery and radiation has been attempted in some laboratories (Povlsen, 1978; Helson et al., 1978). Although early studies have been very promising, there are certain difficulties associated with this model. Age (Sordat et al., 1977), natural killer cell activity (Holden et al., 1978), site of tumour (Auerbach et al., 1978), and inoculum size (Helson et al., 1977) in the animal host may influence heterotransplanted tumour growth. Information concerning the growth patterns of untreated heterotransplanted tumours is thus required for a better understanding of how we can use this model.
HPV Vaccination Status and Mandate Support for School-Aged Adolescents among College Females: A Descriptive Study.

The purpose of this study was to describe college-aged females' human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and beliefs, perceptions and perceived benefits of the HPV vaccine, and identify characteristics associated with vaccination status and support for HPV vaccine mandates. Data were collected from 1,105 females by an Internet-delivered questionnaire during February to March 2011. This descriptive study utilizes χ2 tests and t-tests to compare participant responses. HPV-related knowledge scores were 8.08 out of 11 points. Those who initiated HPV vaccination were significantly younger, single, engaged in sex, were sexually active, and had a Pap test. Participants who had more friends receiving the vaccine were significantly more likely to support mandates for 9-11 and 12-17 years and were more likely to complete the HPV vaccination cycle. Findings suggest the importance of educational programs adopted and delivered by school nurses, which aim to improve student knowledge and reduce misconceptions related to the HPV vaccine and vaccination mandates.
Enzymatically-Active ADAMTS13 Variants Are Not Inhibited by Anti-ADAMTS13 Autoantibodies - A Potential Novel Therapeutic Strategy.

ADAMTS13, a reprolysin-type zinc metalloprotease consisting of a metalloprotease (MP), a disintegrin, a thrombospondin-1 (TSP), a cysteine-rich region (Cys), a spacer, seven additional TSP, and two CUB domains, is critical for preventing unwarranted VWF-platelet interaction in the circulation. Profound deficiency of ADAMTS13, due to genetic mutations of the ADAMTS13 gene or autoimmune inhibitors of the protease, causes microvascular thrombosis characteristic of TTP. Plasma exchange is a conventional but complex therapy of TTP that may be ineffective for patients with high inhibitor titers. In this study we produce recombinant ADAMTS13 variant proteins and analyze their binding with and suppression by TTP inhibitors. TTP IgG binds the ADAMTS13 variants ending downstream of the spacer domain but not those truncated upstream, consistent with recent reports that the spacer domain is essential for interaction between TTP IgG and ADAMTS13. Nevertheless, the spacer domain sequence alone may be insufficient since TTP IgG does not bind a fragment consisting solely of the spacer domain sequence but binds a fragment encompassing the sequence between the distal 2/3 of the MP and the spacer. ADAMTS13 ending at the TSP#1 or downstream are proteolytically active in cleaving either VWF multimers or a 73-amino acid fragment of the VWF A2 domain. Mixing studies show that each of ten TTP plasma samples tested suppresses the protease activity of ADAMTS13 ending downstream of the spacer domain, but not the activity of the variants truncated at the TSP#1 or Cys domain. The variant proteins truncated at TSP#1, when added to a series of plasma samples from a TTP patient with rising inhibitor titers, consistently yield the expected protease activity levels, even in those samples whose high inhibitor titers abolish the activity of the full-length ADAMTS13 at 15x of its concentration. These findings indiate that it is feasible to design ADAMTS13 variant proteins that are proteolytically active yet refractory to suppression by inhibitors of TTP. Such ADAMTS13 variants may be exploited to circumvent the inhibitors of TTP, potentially eliminating the need of performing plasma exchanges in the future.
Symmetric Monotone Embedding of Traffic Flow Networks with First-In-First-Out Dynamics

Abstract: We study a flow network model for vehicular traffic that captures congestion effects at diverging junctions. Standard approaches which rely on monotonicity of the flow dynamics do not immediately apply to such first-in-first-out models. The network model nonetheless exhibits a mixed monotonicity property. Mixed monotonicity enables the original system to be embedded in a system of twice the dimension that is monotone and symmetric. The dynamics of the original system are recovered on a subspace of the embedding system, and we prove global asymptotic stability for a class of networks by considering convergence properties of the embedding system.
The Divine Liturgy as Mystical Experience

Most characterizations of mystical experience emphasize its private, esoteric, and non-sensory nature. Such an understanding is far removed from the original meaning of the term mystikos. For the ancient Greeks, the ‘mystical’ was that which led participants into the awareness of a higher reality, as in the initiatory rites of the ancient mystery cults. This usage was taken over by the early Church, which similarly designated the Christian sacraments and their rites as ‘mystical’ because they draw participants into a higher level of reality. I argue that the Divine Liturgy is a form of ‘mystical experience’ in this sense, and that philosophers have missed a great deal by excluding such communal acts from the scope of mystical experience.
Geographic variation within the military health system

This study seeks to quantify variation in healthcare utilization and per capita costs using system-defined geographic regions based on enrollee residence within the Military Health System (MHS). Data for fiscal years 2007 – 2010 were obtained from the Military Health System under a data sharing agreement with the Defense Health Agency (DHA). DHA manages all aspects of the Department of Defense Military Health System, including TRICARE. Adjusted rates were calculated for per capita costs and for two procedures with high interest to the MHS- back surgery and Cesarean sections for TRICARE Prime and Plus enrollees. Coefficients of variation (CoV) and interquartile ranges (IQR) were calculated and analyzed using residence catchment area as the geographic unit. Catchment areas anchored by a Military Treatment Facility (MTF) were compared to catchment areas not anchored by a MTF. Variation, as measured by CoV, was 0.37 for back surgery and 0.13 for C-sections in FY 2010- comparable to rates documented in other healthcare systems. The 2010 CoV (and average cost) for per capita costs was 0.26 ($3,479.51). Procedure rates were generally lower and CoVs higher in regions anchored by a MTF compared with regions not anchored by a MTF, based on both system-wide comparisons and comparisons of neighboring areas. In spite of its centrally managed system and relatively healthy beneficiaries with very robust health benefits, the MHS is not immune to unexplained variation in utilization and cost of healthcare.
White Corporate Feminine Spirituality: The Rise of Global Professional Women’s Conferences in the New Millennium

This chapter is about the rise of transnational white corporate spiritual feminism in the new millennium. Drawing on several decades of fieldwork in global women’s networks, particularly participant-observation at meetings, Fisher argues that this new focus on spiritual wellbeing is one of a series of disparate projects that make up contemporary neoliberal feminism. Women’s meetings in the new millennium produce feminine, feeling and soulful corporate subjects. Such subjects are purportedly able to successfully navigate an increasing inter-cultural business world composed of powerful actors who traverse traditional distinctions between the global north and south. Women’s conferences are thus training grounds for the making of a new female global elite of cultural polyglots, able to master dominant and alternative forms of gender, racial and emotional capital.
The effect of visual and musical suspense on brain activation and memory during naturalistic viewing

We tested the hypothesis that, during naturalistic viewing, moments of increasing narrative suspense narrow the scope of attentional focus. We also tested how changes in the emotional congruency of the music would affect brain responses to suspense, as well as subsequent memory for narrative events. In our study, participants viewed suspenseful film excerpts while brain activation was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results indicated that suspense produced a pattern of activation consistent with the attention-narrowing hypothesis. For example, we observed decreased activation in the anterior calcarine sulcus, which processes the visual periphery, and increased activity in nodes of the ventral attention network and decreased activity in nodes of the default mode network. Memory recall was more accurate for high suspense than low suspense moments, but did not differ by soundtrack congruency. These findings provide neural evidence that perceptual, attentional, and memory processes respond to suspense on a moment-by-moment basis.
On real-space Density Functional Theory for non-orthogonal crystal systems: Kronecker product formulation of the kinetic energy operator

Abstract We present an accurate and efficient real-space Density Functional Theory (DFT) framework for the ab initio study of non-orthogonal crystal systems. Specifically, employing a local reformulation of the electrostatics, we develop a novel Kronecker product formulation of the real-space kinetic energy operator that significantly reduces the number of operations associated with the Laplacian-vector multiplication, the dominant cost in practical computations. In particular, we reduce the scaling with respect to finite-difference order from quadratic to linear, thereby significantly bridging the gap in computational cost between non-orthogonal and orthogonal systems. We verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology through selected examples.
INDIVIDUALIZING HEART FAILURE CORE MEASURES AND USE OF BETA BLOCKERS IN SEVERE PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: A LEARNING MOMENT

Beta-blockers are considered standard of care treatment in heart failure. Yet, in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, beta-blockers have the potential to be fatal. A 73-year-old woman with a history of diastolic heart failure and liver cirrhosis presented with a one-week history of
Learning racquetball by constrained example generation

A model of learning in a highly active and competitive environment is presented here. This paper posits that learning, under these conditions, can be characterized as accommodating examples produced by the Constrained Example Generation (CEG) process. The role of the "CEG process in the LRCEG system is demonstrated by a typical learning scenario.
Critical Cellular Events During Cortical Evolution: Radial Unit Hypothesis

The question of cerebral evolution is among the oldest and most difficult, perhaps because one cannot expect that a single and simple answer can explain complex cellular changes. Furthermore, the genetic, molecular and cell biological mechanisms by which the brain evolves to match an ever changing environment are still largely unexplored. There is, however, little disagreement among contemporary neuroscientists that emergence of distinctly human mental capacities reflect the expansion of the cerebral neocortex (Rakic and Singer, 1988). The present article is concerned with the cellular mechanisms that may underlay the evolution of this remarkable structure and formation of cytoarchitectonic maps in primates.
Particle Deposition in the Human Respiratory Tract

Ambient airborne particles are now strongly linked with adverse health effects with stringent standards being set to protect public health particularly for smaller sized particles (particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm, PM2.5). However, as noted elsewhere in this volume, there are a variety of medicines and therapeutic agents that can be effectively delivered through aerosolization and deposition in the lungs. Thus, the details of particle deposition in the human respiratory tract are important to human health for both good or ill. Airborne particles can penetrate into various portions of the respiratory tract during inhalation with a small fraction depositing on the airway surfaces. In this way, various hazardous or beneficial materials can be introduced into the body. Particle deposition in human airways takes exposure to particles to deposited dose in specific locations in the body. It is vital to the effective administration of pharmaceutical aerosols by inhalation to be able to deliver the particles to targeted regions of the respiratory tract.
Chemicals as Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens

There has been a constant and dramatic increase in the number of chemicals synthesized and encountered in the environment. However, in spite of new chemicals accruing at the rate of 6000 per week, the number of chemicals in “common use” is estimated to be about 65,000 (of the greater than 4,000,000 known) and the number of chemicals for which there is evidence of carcinogenicity is remarkably small.
Analysis of self-report and biochemically verified tobacco abstinence outcomes with missing data: a sensitivity analysis using two-stage imputation

Missing data are common in tobacco studies. It is well known that from the observed data alone, it is impossible to distinguish between missing mechanisms such as missing at random (MAR) and missing not at random (MNAR). In this paper, we propose a sensitivity analysis method to accommodate different missing mechanisms in cessation outcomes determined by self-report and urine validation results. We propose a two-stage imputation procedure, allowing survey and urine data to be missing under different mechanisms. The motivating data were from a tobacco cessation trial examining the effects of the extended vs. standard Quit and Win contests and counseling vs. no counseling under a 2-by-2 factorial design. The primary outcome was 6-month biochemically verified tobacco abstinence. Our proposed method covers a wide spectrum of missing scenarios, including the widely adopted “missing = smoking” imputation by assuming a perfect smoking-missing correlation (an extreme case of MNAR), the MAR case by assuming a zero smoking-missing correlation, and many more in between. The analysis of the data example shows that the estimated effects of the studied interventions are sensitive to the different missing assumptions on the survey and urine data. Sensitivity analysis has played a crucial role in assessing the robustness of the findings in clinical trials with missing data. The proposed method provides an effective tool for analyzing missing data introduced at two different stages of outcome assessment, the self-report and validation time. Our methods are applicable to trials studying biochemically verified abstinence from alcohol and other substances.
Assessing the variation of measurement of family structure in studies of adolescent risk behaviors: a systematic review

Family structure is associated with many youth risk behaviors, such as sexual risk taking, substance abuse, and delinquency. These risk behaviors may result in increased negative health outcomes th...
The Origins of Information Processing Preferences in Politics: Examining Parental Influence

Cognitive motivations (e.g., need for cognition and need to evaluate) and decision strategies (e.g., rational choice vs. heuristic-based) importantly shape political understanding, evaluations, and vote choice. Despite the importance of these cognitive factors, few studies have examined their origins. Adopting an exploratory framework with a primary focus on parental influence, we uniquely address this research gap by identifying potential pathways through which parents can affect this development. Using a convenience sample of college students who participated in a 10-week panel study with their parents, we reveal that, unlike many other political characteristics, there is little parent-child similarity in cognitive motivations and decision strategies. We, however, find some similarity in the information search behaviors parents and children exhibit during the mock election campaign. The findings highlight the need to further investigate not only additional parenting behaviors, but also the socializing role of the information environment itself.
Can Exercise Relieve Dysmenorrhea

Editor's note: The mission of Cochrane Nursing is to provide an international evidence base for nurses involved in delivering, leading, or researching nursing care. Cochrane Corner provides summaries of recent systematic reviews from the Cochrane Library. For more information, see https://nursing.cochrane.org.
Feasibility of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway for major head and neck oncologic surgery

Abstract Objectives Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are gaining traction in the field of head and neck surgery following success in other specialties. Various institutions have reported on the feasibility of implementation and early outcomes in their centers. We report our experience of setting up an ERAS program in a high-volume tertiary cancer care center, including the challenges faced and overcome. Methods With multidisciplinary input, an ERAS protocol was developed consisting of pre-, intra-, and post-operative interventions based on current evidence. We then assessed an initial series of 104 patients on the ERAS protocol and tracked the compliance rates for various interventions. Results Compliance rates to interventions including pre-operative medication (84.6%), multimodal analgesia (84.6%95.1%), early removal of urinary catheters (76.0%) and early mobilization (56.7%) show a wide variation. However, response rates in the assessment of patient-reported outcomes are low. We discuss factors surrounding the feasibility of implementing an ERAS protocol and tracking outcomes in a diverse, high volume center. Discussion While there are challenges in implementation, results indicate that a successful ERAS pathway in major head and neck oncologic surgery is feasible. Engaging shareholders and making full use of technology in the form of electronic medical systems are essential to this success. Implications for practice: ERAS pathways should be encouraged in head and neck surgery, given their proven feasibility in a range of institutions. Further study is needed to confirm this program's impact on outcomes.
Neurovascular arterial anatomy: Brain, head, and neck

An understanding of neurovascular anatomy is essential to endovascular diagnosis and therapy. This chapter provides an overview of the arterial anatomy from the aortic arch to the vertex.
Assessing the usability of complex psychosocial interventions: The Intervention Usability Scale:

Background:Usability—the extent to which an intervention can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction—may be a key determinant of imple...