cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clearance of fungal burden during treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis with liposomal amphotericin B versus itraconazole

Animal studies have shown that fungal burden correlates with survival during treatment with new antifungal therapies for histoplasmosis. The purpose of this report is to compare the clearance of fungal burden in patients with histoplasmosis treated with liposomal amphotericin B versus itraconazole. In two separate closed clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B and itraconazole treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS, blood was cultured for fungus and blood and urine were tested for Histoplasma antigen. The clinical response rates were similar; 86% with liposomal amphotericin B (n = 51) versus 85% with itraconazole (n = 59). Of the patients with positive blood cultures at enrollment, after 2 weeks of therapy cultures were negative in over 85% of the liposomal amphotericin B group versus 53% of the itraconazole group (P = 0.0008). Furthermore, after 2 weeks, median antigen levels in serum fell by 1.6 U in the liposomal amphotericin B group versus 0.1 U in the itraconazole group (P = 0.02), and those in urine fell by 2.1 U in the liposomal amphotericin B group and 0.2 U in the itraconazole group (P = 0.0005). The more rapid clearance of fungemia supports the use of liposomal amphotericin B rather than itraconazole for initial treatment of moderately severe or severe histoplasmosis.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms in Relation to Psychopathic Traits and Aggression Among Psychiatrically Hospitalized Children: ADHD Symptoms as a Potential Moderator

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is associated with elevated rates of psychopathic traits and aggression. However, it remains unclear if attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms exacerbate these relations, particularly in samples of children who are severely clinically distressed. The purpose of the present study was to test ADHD symptoms as a potential moderator of the relations of ODD symptoms to psychopathic traits (i.e., callous-unemotional [CU] traits, narcissism) and to aggressive subtypes (i.e., proactive, reactive aggression) in a large sample of children in an acute psychiatric inpatient facility (n = 699; ages 6-12). Multiple regression analyses indicated that, after controlling for child demographic variables, ADHD symptoms marginally exacerbated the relation between ODD symptoms and CU traits. Both ODD and ADHD symptoms had an additive, but not a multiplicative effect, in predicting narcissism. In addition, for a subset of the full sample for whom data were available (n =351), ADHD symptoms exacerbated the relation between ODD symptoms and both reactive and proactive aggression. These results suggest that ADHD symptoms tend to have a negative effect on the relation between ODD symptoms and markers of antisociality among children receiving acute psychiatric care.
Square or sine: finding a waveform with high success rate of eliciting SSVEP

Steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is the brain's natural electrical potential response for visual stimuli at specific frequencies. Using a visual stimulus flashing at some given frequency will entrain the SSVEP at the same frequency, thereby allowing determination of the subject's visual focus. The faster an SSVEP is identified, the higher information transmission rate the system achieves. Thus, an effective stimulus, defined as one with high success rate of eliciting SSVEP and high signal-noise ratio, is desired. Also, researchers observed that harmonic frequencies often appear in the SSVEP at a reduced magnitude. Are the harmonics in the SSVEP elicited by the fundamental stimulating frequency or by the artifacts of the stimuli? In this paper, we compare the SSVEP responses of three periodic stimuli: square wave (with different duty cycles), triangle wave, and sine wave to find an effective stimulus. We also demonstrate the connection between the strength of the harmonics in SSVEP and the type of stimulus.
RT-WLAN: a soft real-time extension to ORiNOCO Linux device driver

The current IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN) systems are unable to support real-time applications because the underlying contention-based MAC (medium access control) protocol causes unpredictable delays. In this paper, we present the implementation details of a new RT-WLAN device driver module, which extends the original Linux device driver for the popular Agere ORiNOCO cards to support soft real-time communications. To our best knowledge, this is the first effort in providing real-time support in the WLAN environment at the device driver level. By shifting the design focus from the MAC layer, which is normally hard-coded in the NIC (network interface card), to the device driver level, which is between the system kernel and the MAC layer, our scheme has a clear advantage. Users can simply replace the original ORiNOCO driver with RT-WLAN, and then enjoy the benefits of real-time communications without having to change the NIC firmware or re-compile the Linux kernel. RT-WLAN uses two separate queues for real-time and non-real-time traffic. The real-time queue is served according to the EDF (earliest-deadline-first) policy, while the non-real-time queue is served in a FIFO (first-in-first-out) manner. Besides, an adaptive traffic smoother is implemented in RT-WLAN to regulate bursty non-real-time traffic before they are injected into the network, thus giving higher priority to in-progress real-time transmissions. Experimental results show that the desired real-time support and service differentiation among multiple real-time sessions are achieved by using RT-WLAN.
Microarray Analysis of the Nitrate Response in Arabidopsis Roots and Shoots Reveals over 1,000 Rapidly Responding Genes and New Linkages to Glucose, Trehalose-6-Phosphate, Iron, and Sulfate Metabolism

The genomic response to low levels of nitrate was studied in Arabidopsis using the Affymetrix ATH1 chip containing more than 22,500 probe sets. Arabidopsis plants were grown hydroponically in sterile liquid culture on ammonium as the sole source of nitrogen for 10 d, then treated with 250 μm nitrate for 20 min. The response to nitrate was much stronger in roots (1,176 genes showing increased or decreased mRNA levels) than in shoots (183 responding genes). In addition to known nitrate-responsive genes (e.g. those encoding nitrate transporters, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, ferredoxin reductase, and enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway), genes encoding novel metabolic and potential regulatory proteins were found. These genes encode enzymes in glycolysis (glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and phosphoglycerate mutase), in trehalose-6-P metabolism (trehalose-6-P synthase and trehalose-6-P phosphatase), in iron transport/metabolism (nicotianamine synthase), and in sulfate uptake/reduction. In many cases, only a few select genes out of several in small gene families were induced by nitrate. These results show that the effect of nitrate on gene expression is substantial (affecting almost 10% of the genes with detectable mRNA levels) yet selective and affects many genes involved in carbon and nutrient metabolism.
On the other hand: Overflow movements of infants' hands and legs during unimanual object exploration†

Motor overflow is extraneous movement in a limb not involved in a motor action. Typically, overflow is observed in people with neurological impairments and in healthy children and adults during strenuous and attention-demanding tasks. In the current study, we found that young infants produce vast amounts of motor overflow, corroborating claims of symmetry being the default state of the motor system. While manipulating an object with one hand, all 27 of the typically-developing 4.5- to 7.5-month-old infants who we observed displayed overflow movements of the free hand (on 4/5 of unimanual actions). Mirror-image movements of the hands occurred on 1/8 of unimanual actions, and the hands and legs moved in synchrony on 1/3 of unimanual acts. Motor overflow was less frequent when infants were in a sitting posture and when infants watched their acting hand, suggesting that upright posture and visual examination may help to alleviate overflow and break obligatory symmetry in healthy infants.
Design of a Portable Cluster Supercomputer for Particle Image Velocimetry Data Processing

Inthispaper,wepresentthedesignofaportableclustersupercomputercreatedspecifically forprocessingparticleimagevelocimetryimagedata.Tomakethiscomputersystemportable for a laboratory environment, it is designed to run on minimal power, to be lightweight, and portable. The hardware configuration consists of 12 processing nodes with a total of 48 processor cores, one master node with five terabytes of disk storage, and a gigabit ethernet interconnect.The total configuration along with a rugged transportation case has an approximate gross weight of 390lb and works on one standard 120V, 20A electric circuit. With this cluster computer, a speedup of 28 relative to standard serial processing of a large particle image velocimetry data set was achieved.
Mitochondrial and plasma membrane lactate transporter and lactate dehydrogenase isoform expression in breast cancer cell lines

We hypothesized that dysregulation of lactate/pyruvate (monocarboxylate) transporters (MCT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoforms contribute to the Warburg effect in cancer. Therefore, we assaye...
Antimicrobial Activity of Some Yemeni Medicinal Plants

ABSTRACT Extracts from tissues of Acacia harala, Acalypha fruticosa, Capparis cartilaginea, Euphorbia fruticosa, Indigofera sedge-wickiana, Ftemingia grahamiana, and Plectranthus cf barbatus were tested for antimicrobial activity against two gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 13433), two gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coll (ATCC 25322) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and yeast, Candida albicans (ATCC 14053), using a qualitative agar diffusion test. All tested plants showed various antimicrobial activity against at least one microorganism. Extracts from Acalypha fruticosa, Indigofera sedgewickiana, and Acacia harala were the most active.
Effect of alterations in systemic pressure upon oxygen saturation in patients with congenital heart disease.

The effect of alteration of systemic pressure upon peripheral arterial oxygen saturation was studied in patients with congenital heart disease. Vasodepression produced by amyl nitrite caused a fall in systemic oxygen saturation in five patients with tetralogy of Fallot, two with patent ductus arteriosus and severe pulmonary hypertension, and one with Eisenmenger's complex. These changes did not occur in normals or in those with isolated puhmonic stenosis, trilogy of Fallot, or uncomplicated interatrial septal defect or patent duetus. Levarterenol on the other hand produced a rise in systemic oxygen content in one patient with tetralogy of Fallot. The use of these technics is suggested as a diagnostic aid and for the study of venoarterial shunts.
Survivable multi-level ad-hoc group operations

In this paper we investigate the survivability of multi-level ad-hoc groups for critical operations through a case study. We aim to provide a formal trust framework for establishing security policies. We identify various issues in group formation and evolution. We define components and rules of direct trust and trust recommendation. We then apply them in constructing functioning groups. We also propose some policy guidelines for addressing these issues.
ON THE USE OF MOBILE APPS FOR IMPROVED MARITIME SAFETY

In the summer of 2011, a simple, efficient, and low development cost Small Craft Motion Program (SCraMP) was released for iOS devices, with successive updates and enhancements in the time since. The purpose of this effort was to empower low budget operators with critical information pertaining to the state of their vessel. Capitalizing upon internal device hardware that would have cost thousands of dollars only a few years ago, the iOS application provides acceleration and rotation data, an index measure of severity of motions, statistics related to motions, and location information in a simple and interactive graphical user interface. This paper will discuss the use of smartphone applications like SCraMP as occupational safety intervention tools specific to maritime operations. Included in the paper will be an overview of SCraMP along with user feedback as to how such an app can inform operational decisions for safety. The author will also discuss a second maritime safety app recently developed and released in partnership with the Alaska Marine Safety and Education Association (AMSEA) entitled FVdrills which delivers previously published drill checklists (Jensen and Dzugan, 2009) into a smartphone app format. Therefore, the focus of the paper will be upon improving maritime safety via comparably low-cost, portable, smartphones to deliver data to operators and the ensuing user feedback.
Time Out-of-Home and Cognitive, Physical, and Emotional Wellbeing of Older Adults: A Longitudinal Mixed Effects Model

Background Time out-of-home has been linked with numerous health outcomes, including cognitive decline, poor physical ability and low emotional state. Comprehensive characterization of this important health metric would potentially enable objective monitoring of key health outcomes. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between time out-of-home and cognitive status, physical ability and emotional state. Methods and Findings Participants included 85 independent older adults, age 65–96 years (M = 86.36; SD = 6.79) who lived alone, from the Intelligent Systems for Assessing Aging Changes (ISAAC) and the ORCATECH Life Laboratory cohorts. Factors hypothesized to affect time out-of-home were assessed on three different temporal levels: yearly (cognitive status, loneliness, clinical walking speed), weekly (pain and mood) or daily (time out-of-home, in-home walking speed, weather, and season). Subject characteristics including age, race, and gender were assessed at baseline. Total daily time out-of-home in hours was assessed objectively and unobtrusively for up to one year using an in-home activity sensor platform. A longitudinal tobit mixed effects regression model was used to relate daily time out-of-home to cognitive status, physical ability and emotional state. More hours spend outside the home was associated with better cognitive function as assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) Scale, where higher scores indicate lower cognitive function (βCDR = -1.69, p<0.001). More hours outside the home was also associated with superior physical ability (βPain = -0.123, p<0.001) and improved emotional state (βLonely = -0.046, p<0.001; βLow mood = -0.520, p<0.001). Weather, season, and weekday also affected the daily time out-of-home. Conclusions These results suggest that objective longitudinal monitoring of time out-of-home may enable unobtrusive assessment of cognitive, physical and emotional state. In addition, these results indicate that the factors affecting out-of-home behavior are complex, with factors such as living environment, weather and season significantly affecting time out-of-home. Studies investigating the relationship between time out-of-home and health outcomes may be optimized by taking into account the environment and life factors presented here.
REVIEW OF METAL, CARBON AND POLYMER NANOPARTICLES FOR INFRARED PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY

The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of nanoparticles developed for use as photothermal therapy agents (PTT) over the past five years. The main emphasis is on nanoparticles that absorb near infrared (NIR) light for PTT of cancer. Mild hyperthermia, including drug delivery, versus thermal ablation is also discussed. Recent advances in the synthesis of highly anisotropic novel metal nanoparticles for PTT are described. New metals and metal oxide complexes, as well as the use of quantum dots for PTT and as imaging agents are newer areas of development that are explained. This review also highlights current progress in the development of carbon nanoparticles, including reduced graphene oxide for both thermal ablation as well as drug delivery. The review culminates in the recent use electrically conductive polymer nanoparticles for hyperthermia. The advantages and unique features of these contemporary nanoparticles being used for PTT are highlighted. The goal of the present work is to describe the recent evolution of nanoparticles for NIR stimulated PTT, and highlight the innovations and future directions.
Humoral Immune Response Associated with Lyme Borreliosis in Nonhuman Primates: Analysis by Immunoblotting and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay with Sonicates or Recombinant Proteins

The immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is complex. We studied the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody response to N40Br, a sensu stricto strain, in the rhesus macaque(nonhuman primate [NHP]) model of infection to identify the spirochetal protein targets of specific antibody. Antigens used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were whole-cell sonicates of the spirochete and recombinant proteins of B. burgdorferi. Immunoblotting with a commercially available strip and subsequent quantitative densitometry of the bands were also used. Sera from four different groups of NHPs were used: immunocompetent, transiently immunosuppressed, extended immunosuppressed, and uninfected. In immunocompetent and transiently immunosuppressed NHPs, there was a strong IgM and IgG response. Major proteins for the early IgM response were P39 and P41 and recombinant BmpA and OspC. Major proteins for the later IgG response were P39, P41, P18, P60, P66, and recombinant BmpA and DbpA. There was no significant response in the NHPs to recombinant OspA or to Arp, a 37-kDa protein that elicits an antibody response during infection in mice. Most antibody responses, except for that to DbpA, were markedly diminished by prolonged dexamethasone treatment. This study supports the hypothesis that recombinant proteins may provide a useful adjunct to current diagnostic testing for Lyme borreliosis.
Play's the Thing: A Framework to Study Videogames as Performance

Performance studies deals with human action in context, as well as the process of making meaning between the performers and the audience. This paper presents a framework to study videogames as a performative medium, applying terms from performance studies to videogames both as software and as games. This performance framework for videogames allows us to understand how videogames relate to other performance activities, as well as understand how they are a structured experience that can be designed. Theatrical performance is the basis of the framework, because it is the activity that has the most in common with games. Rather than explaining games in terms of ‘interactive drama,’ the parallels with theatre help us understand the role of players both as performers and as audience, as well as how the game design shapes the experience. The theatrical model also accounts for how videogames can have a spectatorship, and how the audience may have an effect on gameplay. Author Keywords performance, rules, framework, software, theatre,
Subacute Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis

A 72-year-old smoker with a history of ankylosing spondylitis, who was not receiving immunosuppressants, was hospitalized for severe influenza pneumonia in January. He was treated with oseltamivir and antibiotics and enrolled in a clinical trial that evaluated steroids for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. It is unknown whether he was in the placebo or treatment group; however, treatment involved an initial methylprednisolone 40mgbolus, followed by 40mg/d for 5 days, and then a rapid taper over 1week. He then presented in March with worsening dyspnea, productive cough, weight loss, lethargy, and an overall decline in clinical status. Imaging during this admission revealed bilateral upper lobe cavitary lesions with fungus balls and associated infiltrates. Multiple sputum cultures were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus antibodies were detected by immunodiffusion and complement fixation (1:64). He was diagnosed presumptively with subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and began treatment with voriconazole. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis can develop pulmonary manifestations of their disease, including apical fibrobullous disease (1). They are more likely to develop apical superinfections with mycobacterial or fungal infections as well, the most common of which is Aspergillus (2, 3). Influenza is associated with increased risk for invasive aspergillosis; this is believed to be because of the disruption of the bronchial mucosa, which leads to an impaired immune response (4). This, possibly coupled with the use of steroids, could have promoted further immune dysregulation and facilitated an environment for Aspergillus to grow. n
Efficient concurrency control in multidimensional access methods

The importance of multidimensional index structures to numerous emerging database applications is well established. However, before these index structures can be supported as access methods (AMs) in a “commercial-strength” database management system (DBMS), efficient techniques to provide transactional access to data via the index structure must be developed. Concurrent accesses to data via index structures introduce the problem of protecting ranges specified in the retrieval from phantom insertions and deletions (the phantom problem). This paper presents a dynamic granular locking approach to phantom protection in Generalized Search Trees(GiSTs), an index structure supporting an extensible set of queries and data types. The granular locking technique offers a high degree of concurrency and has a low lock overhead. Our experiments show that the granular locking technique (1) scales well under various system loads and (2) similar to the B-tree case, provides a significantly more efficient implementation compared to predicate locking for multidimensional AMs as well. Since a wide variety of multidimensional index structures can be implemented using GiST, the developed algorithms provide a general solution to concurrency control in multidimensional AMs. To the best of our knowledge, this paper provides the first such solution based on granular locking.
Left ventricular free wall rupture contained by an apical pseudo-aneurysm

A 76-year-old male patient was admitted for exertional shortness of breath for the last month. Physical examination showed bipulmonary hypoventilation and fine crackles. The electrocardiogram was compatible with sequelae of anterior myocardial infarction, with borderline troponin-T levels, and no elevation of creatinine-kinase. Transthoracic echocardiography confirmed a large anterior myocardial …
Positive Law and Policy

This is an entry from a forthcoming book, The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology, edited by Shane J. Lopez (forthcoming). This volume has as its target audience high school and college library users in addition to consumers, primarily corporate and government professionals, who are educated but desire more information concerning the many topics that are covered. The encyclopedia is also intended as a resource for budding positive psychologists. This encyclopedia will contain more than 250 separate entries from all areas related to positive psychology. This entry provides an overview of the area of positive law & policy.
Abstract PR-11: HPV vaccine adherence in urban youth

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease among adolescent females in the United States, with 29.5% of sexually active 14-19 year olds infected at any given time. Persistent infection with cancer causing types of HPV is also a necessary step in the cervical cancer carcinogenesis process. HPV vaccines have been licensed in the United States since 2006; however, relatively modest proportions of the vaccine-eligible population have elected to receive the HPV vaccine. Further, among those who initiate HPV vaccination, a majority fail to complete the three-dose regimen needed for maximum protection. Methods: Data from the clinical data repository at the University of Maryland Medical Center was queried to identify women that initiated HPV vaccination between August 2006 (when UMMC began offering the HPV vaccine) and August 2010. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess vaccine adherence in the study population. The association of age and race with vaccination adherence was also assessed. Results: During the time period of interest, 9,658 women potentially eligible women between 9-26 years were seen at the UMMC outpatient practices. Of those, 2,641 women (27.3% of the target group) initiated HPV vaccination. African-American women comprised 2/3 of those who initiated vaccination. Among those women that initiated vaccination, 39.1% completed a single dose, 30.1% completed 2 doses, and 30.78 completed the recommended 3-dose regimen. Age was related to vaccine adherence, with women 18 and older being least likely to complete more than a single dose (p=0.001). African-American women were less likely than Caucasian women to complete the three-dose regimen (p Conclusions: Despite strong efficacy data for the HPV vaccines, relatively small proportions of eligible women have elected to uptake the vaccine as primary prevention for cervical cancer. Further, of those who initiate vaccination, significant proportions fail to complete the recommended three-dose regimen. Young adult women are the least likely to complete the three-dose regimen as are women in minority groups. The public health consequence of this is that significant numbers of women remain unprotected or underprotected. Evidence-based interventions are needed to foster both vaccine uptake and adherence for optimal prevention cervical cancer. Interventions that address barriers for minority women and young adult women are needed. Technological innovations such as text messaging may offer an effective method to address these issues. This talk is also presented as Poster B103. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):PR-11.
Capillary Nonperfusion by Novel Technology of OCT Angiography in a Patient with Sickle Cell Disease with Normal Fluorescein Angiogram

PurposeRetinal ischemia is a pathophysiologic feature of sickle cell retinopathy. Inner retinal thinning of retina temporal to the fovea has been reported on spectral-domain optical coherence tomog...
Estrogen receptor determination by monoclonal antibody in fine needle aspiration breast cancer cytologies: A marker of hormone response

A monoclonal antibody (H222) prepared against purified estrogen receptor has been demonstrated to be highly specific and sensitive in an immunohistochemical assay for the detection and quantification of estrogen receptor in human breast carcinoma biopsy specimens. To evaluate the clinical applicability of this assay in cytologic specimens, response to therapy in 12 patients with recurrent breast cancer was correlated with H222 antibody localization in specimens obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy. All 7 patients with positive H222 responded to hormone therapy (1 complete and 3 partial remissions and 3 stable disease), while 1 of 5 patients with negative H222 responded (1 stable disease). This experience suggests a role for immunohistochemical estrogen receptor determinations in prediction of response to hormonal therapy in patients whose tumor is accessible only to aspiration biopsy. Special care in the handling and interpretation of specimens is essential to optimal application of this method.
Determination of acesulfame potassium,saccharin sodium and aspartame in drinks by HPLC

Objective:To establish a method for detecting acesulfame potassium,saccharin sodium and aspartame in drinks by HPLC.Methods: After pretreatment,the separation was performed on VP-ODS C18 column with 0.02 mol/L(NH4)2SO4/CH3OH/CH3CN/10%H2SO4(800∶ 150∶ 49∶ 1,v/v) as the mobile phase and detected at the wavelength of 214 nm.Results: The linear range was 0.004 mg/ml~0.020 mg/ml for acesulfame potassium and adsaccharin sodium,respectively(r0.999),while aspartame was 0.004 mg/ml~0.025 mg/ml(r0.999).The detection limits of acesulfame potassium,saccharin sodium and aspartame were 0.4 mg/kg,0.6 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg,respectively.The recoveries of acesulfame potassium,saccharin sodium and aspartame were 98.0%~101.7%,99.7%~100.8%and 100.1%~102.8%,respectively,and the RSD of the method was less than 1.0%.Conclusion: The proposed method was simple,reliable and sensitive for the determination of acesulfame potassium,saccharin sodium and aspartame in drinks.
Effects of Legume Seed Flours on the Formation of Acrylamide and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) in a Model Reaction System

Seven legumes(black soybean, chickpea, green pea, lentil, mung bean, yellow pea, and soybean) were used to test their effect on the formation of acrylamide and HMF in an asparagines/glucose model reaction system. Five varieties inhibited the formation of acrylamide(from 10.3% to 55%) but all varieties improved the formation of HMF. Defatting legumes flour showed improved inhibition capacity for acrylamide formation, and a dose-effect relationship was observed for all the tested materials when 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g of the defatted flours were added. When the defatted-dehulled flours were added, acrylamide production was further inhibited in some treatments along with an increase in the HMF content. However, the addition of 0.2 g of hull flour from four varieties also decreased the acrylamide content and significantly increased browning. Defatted legume flours from five legumes eliminated the formed acrylamide, ranging from 28.5% of soybean to 5.9% of mung bean. Addition of the defatted-dehulled flours from four varieties also resulted in pH decrease and glucose depletion. Most of the 39 treatments studied in this research showed a negative relationship between the contents of acrylamide and HMF.
Role of the Microbiota in Immune Development

A well-functioning immune system is required for proper protection from infections and diseases. Vertebrates have coevolved a comprehensive immune network with the numerous microbes colonizing every surface of their body, particularly in the digestive tract. As such, the immune system has to be trained to discriminate pathogens from symbiotic microbes as well as self from nonself. Commensal microbiota in the gut plays a critical role in this development. Investigations have found correlations of gut microbiota with the development and maturation of a number of components of innate and adaptive immunity. Disruption of this microbiota-host dialog may lead to immune disorders such as allergy and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Evidence of a defect in insulin-receptor recycling in adipocytes from older rats

Although insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is known to be decreased in adipocytes isolated from old obese rats, the cause of this defect is not totally understood. In the present study, we examined the possibility that insulin resistance is associated with defects in the intracellular processing of the insulin-receptor complex. Adipocytes were isolated from control (2-mo-old rats) and obese, insulin-resistant rats (12-mo-old rats), and the following measurements were made: 1) insulin-stimulated glucose uptake; 2) insulin binding; 3) insulin-receptor internalization and recycling; 4) accumulation of insulin within the cell; and 5) rate of loss of insulin from the cell. The results indicated that maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was significantly reduced in adipocytes from obese, insulin-resistant rats (increase over basal value was 500 +/- 53% in obese rats and 1,200 +/- 96 in control rats, P less than 0.01). 125I-insulin (A14) binding (cell-associated radioactivity) and the internalization of the hormone-receptor complex were not different in the two groups of animals studied. In contrast, insulin-receptor recycling was significantly decreased in adipocytes from obese rats (72.0 +/- 6.1 vs. 93.6 +/- 2.6%, P less than 0.01). In addition, loss of intracellular radioactivity was significantly prolonged in insulin-resistant rats (t1/2 = 12.05 +/- 0.9 vs. 9.4 +/- 0.3 min, P less than 0.05). Thus adipocytes isolated from the older rats were resistant to the insulin effect on glucose uptake, and this defect was not associated with a reduction in insulin binding. However, there was a decrease in insulin receptor recycling, and this phenomenon may be related to the insulin resistance present in these cells.
SU-F-T-216: Evaluating Dosimetry Accuracy of a Treatment Planning System On Small Proton Fields

Purpose: This study is aiming to identify the smallest field size for which a treatment planning system (TPS) can accurately calculate the relative dose distribution. The finding would be used as a guideline to choose the smallest proton field for clinical treatment. Methods: Mevion S250™ double scattering proton delivery system and Eclipse™ TPS (Varian) with pencil beam convolution (PBC) dose algorithm were used in this study. Square sized fields of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm were planned on a cubical water phantom with iso-center placed at 10 cm depth. All beams used the same proton beam option: range 15 cm and modulation 10 cm. Dose in water was calculated without any compensator. Gafchromic™ EBT3 film and diode detectors were used to measure the central axis dose distribution and lateral dose profiles at 5 cm, 10 cm, and 14 cm depth. Results: The preliminary film measurement shows good agreement between Eclipse calculated lateral dose profiles for all tested field sizes. The differences on full width half maximum were ≤ 1 mm while the differences on the penumbras were between 1 mm and 2 mm between Eclipse and film. For the depth dose, Eclipse results matched well with film measurements for field sizes down to 2 cm2. With smaller field size of 1 cm2, Eclipse was able to predict the decreasing of SOBP due to the lack of lateral charged particle equilibrium in depth. However, it did not match the film measurement. Diode measurement results will be available at the time of presentation. Conclusion: The PBC dose algorithm in Eclipse can accurately calculate relative dose distribution in double scattered proton system for field size down to 2 cm2.
Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Identify Common Smoking Situations Among Korean American Emerging Adults.

The present study provides detailed contextual information about smoking habits among young Korean American smokers with the goal of characterizing situations where they are most at risk for smoking. Relevant situational factors included location, social context, concurrent activities, time of day, affective states, and food and beverage consumption. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over 7 days, participants (N = 78) were instructed to respond to smoking prompts (n = 2614) and non-smoking prompts (n = 2136) randomly scheduled throughout the day. At each prompt, participants completed a short survey about immediate contextual factors. We used multilevel models to evaluate the association between contextual factors and smoking and further explored the distribution of smoking locations and concurrent activities across each social context and reason for smoking. Compared to non-smoking events, smoking events were associated with being outside, the presence of Korean friends, socializing, consuming alcohol, and experiencing more stress relative to one's average stress level (all ps < .01). Further analyses involving only smoking events showed that when participants smoked alone, they were most commonly at home (50 %) and most often studying/working (28 %). When smoking with Korean friends, participants were most often outside (38 %) and socializing (54 %). When smoking to reduce craving, participants were most often at home (39 %) and studying/working (25 %). To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide detailed descriptions of real-time smoking contexts among young Korean American smokers. Information with this level of granularity is needed to develop effective just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) for smoking cessation.
Improving assessment of Pandalus stocks using a seasonal, size-structured assessment model with environmental variables: Part I: Model description and application

Pandalus species display the following features that make it difficult to apply traditional age-based stock assessment models: (i) difficulty of determining age in the absence of hard parts retained through the molt; (ii) sex change in which individuals mature first as males and then transform to females; and (iii) potentially strong influence of environmental conditions on recruitment population dynamics. In this context, we propose a seasonal, size-structured assessment model dedicated to stock assessment of hermaphroditic Pandalidae. The modeling framework incorporates a submodel for changes of length at sex transformation and functions to incorporate environmental effects on recruitment dynamics. The model can be directly fitted to length-structured data, overcoming the length to age conversion problem. The model has a seasonal time step that allows it to account for seasonal variations in biological processes and fishing patterns. The model provides stock assessment outputs, such as fishing mortality...
Aportes del pensamiento de Bernard Lonergan a la fundamentación de los derechos humanos

In this article Louis Roy tries a fundamentation of human rights from the perspective of B. Lonergan. The universality of these is laid on the human nature, as dynamical, operating and historical. The human intentionality looks for the objectivity, unfolding its power in four levels: experience, understanding, judgment and action. From this dynamism there come out four rules: be kind, be intelligent,be reasonable and be responsible. The discovery of the value of these considerations bases and safeguards the human rights. Its ignorance generates the distortion of the human being. In order to correct the deviations, intellectual, moral and religious conversions are due to be given, which suppose faith, since it allows to recognize values more clearly. Key words: Human rights, human nature, intentionality, values, conversion, faith.
Dynamic CT Scanning for Visualization of the Parasellar Carotid Arteries

Evaluation of patients before transsphenoidal hypophysectomy for large intrasellar mass lesions has required bilateral internal carotid artery angiography. Using intravenous injection of contrast medium, a method has been developed to visualize the parasellar carotid arteries with rapid sequence sequential computed tomographic scanning. In 18 patients, the cavernous segments of the internal carotid arteries were well seen in 27 of 28 instances with technically complete examinations. The vascularity of the mass lesions and vascular encasement was also demonstrated.
Menstrual Cycle: Phases and Reaction to Frustration

Females in various phases of their menstrual cycle were tested for aggressive behavior in a controlled double-blind training task involving an element of frustration. Specifically, using shock administration, 45 subjects attempted to train a learner remotely, via closed circuit television. Females in the premenstrual phase utilized the highest levels of shock while those in the intermenstrual phase showed a significant tendency to use higher shock levels as the training progressed. The findings support earlier studies that suggested the premenstrual female is more aggressive during this point in her cycle than at any other time.
Same-day dual radial artery puncture examination in patients requiring percutaneous coronary intervention and the incidence of radial artery occlusion.

BACKGROUND We sought to investigate the rate of radial artery occlusion (RAO) after same-day dual radial artery puncture. The trans-radial arterial approach (TRA) for diagnostic and interventional procedures has risen significantly in the United States. Although becoming more commonly performed, TRA is not without risk, and a potential complication is RAO. The rate of RAO after same-day dual artery puncture is unknown. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 27 patients who underwent same-day dual radial artery puncture for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at our institution (Providence Heart Institute in Southfield, MI, USA) from November 2011 to December 2013 were included after initially presenting for cardiac catheterization at a non-PCI-capable facility. The study patients were asked to follow up for evaluation of the radial artery, including obtaining a duplex ultrasound evaluation. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 65 years old with 66% of the patients being male. Of the 27 study participants, there were no symptoms reported that were related to RAO. Overall, one (3.7%) patient had an absent radial pulse. The modified Allen's test was normal in all of the patients with a mean return of palmar flush time of 4 seconds. Duplex ultrasound revealed subtotal RAO in four (14.8%) patients and no patients experienced total occlusion following the intervention. CONCLUSION Dual radial artery puncture appears to be a well-tolerated and viable strategy in patients that are transferred to a PCI-capable hospital for coronary interventions.
Transformaciones en los patrones de movilidad cotidiana en nuevas geografías de la urbanización: El caso de la macrorregión central de Chile

Recent urbanization processes of regional scope in the central macro-region of Chile have put a strain on both theoric debates and operational scales where said processes around the «urban» can be understood. In an effort to contribute to this discussion, a diachronic debate on daily mobility metropolitan patterns of economically active population is proposed. The aim of this exercise is to understand the relation among metropolitan subsystems, from a functional urban proposal and from the special processing of the two last population census. Results will evidence a low functional intgration of the systems in the central region, where two simultaneous processes would be taking place: on the one hand, an increase in the centripetal influence of the metropolis of Santiago on the macro-region; and on the other hand, the consolidation of two independent subsystems related to the interrelation and dynamism of the functional areas of Los Andes-San Felipe and Valparaiso-Quillota-Calera. These findings will contribute both to the conceptual and operational debate around urbanization processes of regional scope in the central macro-region of Chile.
The Infectiousness of Crowds: Crowding Experiences Are Amplified by Pathogen Threats

People sometimes perceive social environments as unpleasantly crowded. Previous work has linked these experiences to incidental factors such as being hungry or hot and to the relevance of the social environment for an individual's current goals. Here, we demonstrate that crowding perceptions and evaluations also depend on specific, active threats for perceivers. Eight studies test whether infectious disease threats, which are associated with crowded conditions, increase such reactions. Across studies, pathogen threat made dense social environments seem more crowded and generated more negative affect toward these environments. These perceptions and negative feelings were more influenced by pathogen threat relative to other threats of physical danger. Finally, reactions to pathogen threat affected people's choice of crowded versus uncrowded environments to inhabit. This research suggests that interpretations of social environments depend on the unique threats and opportunities those environments afford to individuals.
The kallikrein-kinin system in ischemic and traumatic brain injury

The surgeon Emil Karl Frey and the physiologist Heinrich Kraut, both working at the Ludwig-Maximilians University in Munich at that time, were first to describe the existence of the kallikrein-kinin system in 1928 [1]. The initial observation was that injection of urine into the circulation of anesthetized dogs had a marked hypotensive effect. The hypotension caused by peripheral vasodilation turned out to be induced by a family of proteins later named kinins [2]. Today we know that the most abundant kinins are the nonapeptide bradykinin (Argl-Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-PhesSer6-Pro7-Phe8-Arg9), its degradation product des-Arg9-bradykinin, and the dekapeptide kallidin (Lys°-bradykinin) [3]. Bradykinin is mainly found in plasma where it is cleaved from its pre-cursor high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen (MW 120 kDa) by the plasma protease kallikrein (90 kDa) (Fig. 1). Kallidin is predominantly found in tissue and is cleaved from low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen (68 kDa) by a low molecular weight kallikrein (30 kDa) only found in tissue. Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system occurs by conversion of the inactive pre-kallikrein to active kallikrein by several proteins acting as kallikreinases, e.g., Hagman factor (blood clotting factor XII), trypsine, thrombin, plasmine, or C1-esterase, which accumulate at the site of endothelial and tissue injury. Interestingly, kinin production can also occur independently of kallikrein activation by cellular proteases released from mast cells or granulocytes [4].
Experimental Study of Cable Vibration Damping

Measuring and understanding the damping characteristics of cables is particularly significant for structures deployed in space using cables where vibration damping is critical for structural stability. This paper describes an experimental set-up, and provides results from several tests on steel and carbon fiber cables under varying tensile forces. The natural frequencies and the modal damping ratios under different tensile forces are experimental determined; the Rayleigh damping constants are calculated. The difference of the natural frequency between test results and analytical formula are discussed. It is shown that the damping of the cable decreases as the tension force increases. For the case of the carbon fiber cables, the damping decreases as the number of turns of the carbon fiber tows use to make the cable increases.
Trauma Epidemiology, Mechanisms of Injury, and Prehospital Care

Trauma epidemiology Trauma is defined as physical damage to the body as a result of mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical, or other energy that exceeds the tolerance of the body. Although trauma is often thought of as a series of unavoidable accidents, in reality it is a disease with known risk factors. Like other diseases such as cancer and heart disease, trauma risk factors are modifiable and injuries can be avoided before their occurrence. There are three phases of injury: 1. Pre-injury 2. Injury 3. Post-injury