cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of [MoH(η-C5Me5)(CO)3] at 163 K

The structure of [MoH([eta]-C[sub 5]Me[sub 5])(CO)[sub 3]] (1) has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 163(3) K [a = 6.969(2) [angstrom], b = 12.651(2) [angstrom], c = 7.954(2) [angstrom], [beta] = 103.36(2)[degrees], monoclinic, P2[sub 1]/m (No. 11), Z = 2] and neutron diffraction at 163.0(5) K [a = 6.968(2) [angstrom], b = 12.658(3) [angstrom], c = 7.953(2) [angstrom], [beta] = 103.34(2)[degrees]]. Refinements in space group P2[sub 1]/m against both data sets improved the description of the structure obtained by refinements in P2[sub 1] in this and an earlier study. The structure exhibits orientational disorder in the C[sub 5]Me[sub 5] group, yet relatively accurate geometric parameters have been obtained, with esd's from the neutron diffraction study of 0.007 [angstrom] for Mo-H, 0.010 [angstrom] (average) for C-H, and 0.003 [angstrom] (average) for all other bond lengths. The molecule adopts a [open quotes]four-legged piano stool[close quotes] geometry with the hydride ligand approximately trans to one of the Cp* ring carbons [Mo-H(1) = 1.789(7) [angstrom]]. Comparison of the title complex with related d[sup 4] CpMo(CO)[sub 3]L complexes (L = formally anionic, monodentate, [eta][sup 1] ligand) suggests that the conformation of these complexes is determined primarily b steric interactions between the ligand, L, and themore » Cp or Cp* ring, rather than by electronic effects of either Cp/Cp* or L.« less
An overview of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph.

BACKGROUND The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is a new ophthalmic diagnostic instrument which uses confocal laser scanning microscopy to quantify precisely, in vivo, the topography of the posterior fundus. HRT technology permits accurate, highly reproducible documentation of the posterior fundus, along with software designed for longitudinal study of the optic nerve in glaucoma. This technology provides the practitioner with a new dimension for examination of the posterior fundus. METHODS & RESULTS The current literature is reviewed to gather information about the HRT technology and its clinical applications. HRT's technology is highly reproducible and accurate, offering many advantages over other imaging techniques for optic nerve head analysis. The ability of the HRT to provide a precise change analysis over time may allow for early detection of subtle alterations in the topography of the optic nerve head before visual field loss occurs. The HRT may also be applied to the topographical analysis of other posterior fundus conditions, such as papilledema, macular edema, macular holes, and tumors. CONCLUSIONS As with any new instrument, there are many questions regarding confocal laser scanning technology that remain unanswered. Key questions regarding the specific stereometric parameters that are most important for detecting glaucoma and their progression (before conventional photography or visual field testing) remain to be answered. HRT is still a relatively new area of research, and more studies are required.
Large scale training of oncology providers and staff to improve care delivery.

e18282Background: UT MD Anderson Cancer Center began participating in the Press Ganey survey in 2014, and the initial feedback was disappointing. Imaging outpatient services scores were lower than ...
Publicity and Transparency

Publicity and transparency are two foundational ideas about the proper structure of democratic communication. In a context of utterly transformed public discourse, it is time to rethink the value o...
Benchtop Assembly for Measuring Acoustic-Radar Responses of Electronic Targets

A unique apparatus is constructed for generating and capturing acoustic-radar responses from electronic targets. The concept of acoustic radar is reviewed, assembly of the apparatus is described in detail, and pictures of the apparatus are provided. The assembly is used to measure the acoustic-radar responses of two handheld radios to demonstrate detection as well as distinction between particular electronic devices.
Optimal alarms for vehicular collision detection

An important application of intelligent vehicles is advance detection of dangerous events such as collisions. This problem is framed as a problem of optimal alarm choice given predictive models for vehicle location and motion. Techniques for real-time collision detection are surveyed and grouped into three classes: random Monte Carlo sampling, faster deterministic approximations, and machine learning models trained by simulation. Theoretical guarantees on the performance of these collision detection techniques are provided where possible, and empirical analysis is provided for two example scenarios. Results validate Monte Carlo sampling as a robust solution despite its simplicity.
Design of Integrated Photonic Devices on SiC-on-Insulator (SiCOI) Platform for Quantum Applications

Integrated photonic devices, including grating coupler, ridge waveguide, and microring resonator, are numerically investigated on a SiCOI platform. This work will provide valuable guidelines for realizing SiCOI integrated quantum photonic circuitry.
Increased incidence of acute patellar dislocations and patellar instability surgical procedures across the United States in paediatric and adolescent patients.

Abstract Purpose Patellofemoral instability is a common cause of knee pain and dysfunction in paediatric and adolescent patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of patellar ...
Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients With and Without Sarcomere Gene Mutations.

BACKGROUND Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and an identified sarcomere mutation have worse outcomes than those without though the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. The presence of replacement fibrosis measured by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and diffuse fibrosis measured by extracellular volume (ECV) using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are associated with ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac mortality. We aimed to associate these two forms of fibrosis with identified sarcomere mutations. METHODS AND RESULTS Three hundred and thirty-six (336) patients with HCM underwent CMR at a single quaternary referral centre between January 2012 and February 2017. Genetic testing was performed in 73 of these patients, yielding an identified sarcomeric mutation in 29 (G+), no mutation in 39 (G-), and a variant of unknown significance (VUS) in five. LGE was more prevalent in G+ compared to G- patients (86 vs. 56%, OR 4.3, p=0.01) and was more extensive (7.5±5.5% of left ventricular [LV] mass vs. 3.0±3.0%, p<0.001). Global ECV from myocardial segments excluding LGE was similar among both groups (26.9±2.9 vs. 25.6±2.8%, p=0.46). However, in G+ patients ECV was greater in the hypertrophied regions of the basal anteroseptum (30.2±7.0 vs. 26.8±3.6%, p=0.004) and basal inferoseptum (28.1±4.3 vs. 26.2±2.9%, p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Genotyped HCM patients with an identified sarcomere mutation have greater LGE and greater regional, but not global, ECV than HCM patients without an identified mutation. This difference in fibrosis may contribute to worse outcomes in patients with an identified HCM mutation.
Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur by Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Oxidation of elemental sulfur by Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, an autotroph which grows at high temperatures and low pH, was examined by use of (35)S-labeled elemental sulfur. When cultured at pH 3.2 and 70 C, S. acidocaldarius oxidized elemental sulfur essentially quantitatively to sulfuric acid. Oxidation rate paralleled growth rate and decrease in pH of the culture medium. Elemental sulfur was not oxidized under these conditions if the culture was poisoned with formaldehyde. During the growth phase, the proportion of cells attached to the sulfur crystals increased progressively, and in the later phases of growth over 10 times more cells were attached to sulfur than were free. Doubling times for eight strains growing on elemental sulfur varied from 37 to 55 h. The organism grows much more rapidly on yeast extract than on sulfur. In a medium containing both sulfur and yeast extract, sulfur oxidation was partially inhibited, although growth was excellent.
The application of EZ-Gram sonar display aids to the Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Undersea Ranges (M3R) system

In order to understand and address the environmental impact of sonar and acoustic systems testing, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) and its partners are developing new techniques and applications for the passive classification and tracking of marine mammals in designated Navy acoustic sensor testing areas. The combined transient and broadband nature of the whale clicks contains a richly unique structure that can be exploited for completely non-evasive tracking and localization. NUWC has developed unique harmonic classification tools and other advanced visual tactical decision aids for the US Navy's latest sonar systems, designed to maximize operator performance and awareness of the undersea environment. In this paper, we explore the use of harmonic frequency and temporal-patterned structures in the detection and tracking of whales on the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) acoustic range. We demonstrate and report the results of the analysis of actual at-sea recorded blue whale vocalizations utilizing advanced sonar visualization and classification tools, and new tracking applications being developed.
Grease, anthraxgate, and kennel cough: a revisionist history of early veterinary vaccines.

In conclusion, it is remarkable just how farsighted many of the early vaccine investigators were. Jenner was apparently very comfortable with contagion and even recognized that infectious agents could gradually change and adapt to a new species. Pasteur, long before his fowl cholera experiment, dreamed that attenuation could yield safe vaccines and it took him no time at all therefore to recognize the significance of that serendipitous experiment. The fact that two other investigators were also developing anthrax vaccines simultaneously is yet another example of how the times favor certain discoveries. Finally Ferry, while constrained by the fact that he had no idea that distemper was caused by a virus, recognized well the concept of secondary infection and rationalized, not unreasonably, that his vaccine might assist in controlling this. It is also clear that we must look skeptically at the accepted historical record. Thus, it is clear that Jenner used horse-derived material as a source of vaccine material and that vaccinia may in fact be the long-lost agent of horsepox. Certainly this would not be news to many nineteenth-century investigators and veterinarians. Individuals planning to use live vaccinia in recombinant vaccines may wish to keep this in mind. Who discovered anthrax vaccine? Burdon-Sanderson clearly recognized that he could attenuate the organism. Greenfield showed that this could protect against disease although he was far from developing an effective vaccine. Poor Henri Toussaint was probably the first to develop an effective product but did not publicize his results widely. It was left to Louis Pasteur to take the risks inherent in a high-profile public experiment and win. I believe that he richly deserves the prize. Finally, who deserves the credit for distemper vaccine? First, Carre deserves much more credit than hitherto for discovering that distemper was caused by a virus. Second, Ferry, although misled by his identification of B. bronchiseptica deserves credit for realizing that his vaccine could play a role in controlling secondary infections. The true discoverer of an effective distemper vaccine was the Italian, Puntoni, but once again the publicity went to others, Laidlaw and Dunkin. Thus a pattern emerges that prior discovery matters little in the face of aggressive publicity. If nobody knows you did the experiment you might as well have never done it in the first place. Publish or perish is by no means a new phenomenon.
Labeling of mitochondrial phosphatidyl inositol phosphate by Pi32 and by γP32ATP

Garbus et al., 1963 reported labeling of mitochondrial phospholipid following short incubations with Pi32. The rapidly labeled lipid has been identified by means of alkaline hydrolysis as phosphatidyl inositol phosphate (Garbus et al., 1963; Gaillard and Hawthorne, 1963; Morgan, 1964). Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation blocked incorporation of Pi32 into lipid, although the reported effects of oligomycin were variable (Garbus et al., 1963; Michell et al., 1964). While such studies suggest that a high energy intermediate is required for the phosphorylation of phosphatidyl inositol, no evidence for its nature has been presented. This communication shows that the fraction of radioactivity in γP32ATP incorporated into lipid is greater than that incorporated from Pi32 and further that inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, particularly atractyloside, can inhibit the labeling of lipid from Pi32 but have no effect on labeling from γP32ATP.
Algebraic and transcendental formulas for the smallest parts function

Abstract Building on work of Hardy and Ramanujan, Rademacher proved a well-known formula for the values of the ordinary partition function p ( n ) . More recently, Bruinier and Ono obtained an algebraic formula for these values. Here we study the smallest parts function introduced by Andrews; spt ( n ) counts the number of smallest parts in the partitions of n. The generating function for spt ( n ) forms a component of a natural mock modular form of weight 3/2 whose shadow is the Dedekind eta function. Using automorphic methods (in particular the theta lift of Bruinier and Funke), we obtain an exact formula and an algebraic formula for its values. In contrast with the case of p ( n ) , the convergence of our expression is non-trivial, and requires power savings estimates for weighted sums of Kloosterman sums for a multiplier in weight 1/2. These are proved with spectral methods (following an argument of Goldfeld and Sarnak).
Synthesis of large-pore face-centered-cubic periodic mesoporous organosilicas with unsaturated bridging groups

Abstract Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with ethenylene (–CH CH–) bridging groups in the framework and large spherical mesopores of tunable size arranged in face-centered-cubic structures (Fm3m symmetry) were synthesized using Pluronic F127 (EO 106 PO 70 EO 106 ) as a surfactant and xylene (isomer mixture) as a swelling agent at low temperature (7 °C) under moderately acidic conditions (0.1 M HCl). The resulting PMOs were characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering, nitrogen adsorption, transmission electron microscopy and solid-state 29 Si NMR. The unit-cell parameters were enlarged from 31 to 42 nm and the pore diameters increased from 14 nm to as much as 22 nm while increasing the amount of the swelling agent in the reaction mixture, until these two structural parameters reached a plateau. The enlargement was not accompanied by a loss of structural ordering, which is exceptional for not only PMOs, but also other surfactant-templated materials. While the extraction of the surfactant was ineffective in generating readily accessible mesopores for samples prepared with low relative quantities of the swelling agent, extracted samples prepared with higher proportions of the swelling agent exhibited good mesopore accessibility. On the other hand, the calcination under argon at 350 °C afforded well accessible mesopores in all cases, even though the unit-cell shrinkage was significant and a substantial fraction of Si–C bonds was cleaved.
Trends in Wireless Indoor Networks

This chapter provides an overview of the trends in wireless indoor networks. Since the late 1970's when the concept of wireless LAN was first introduced, this area has gone through significant ups and downs. After a very exciting development period in the late 1980's, market revenues still remained far below predictions in the mid 1990's. However, during the late 1990's with the introduction of wireless personal area networking, Bluetooth technology, and home networking, a new surge of excitement has emerged in the wireless indoor communication industry, resulting in a number of new start up projects. Furthermore in the past few years, the emergence of wireless indoor positioning systems to augment wireless indoor telecommunication services, has attracted tremendous attention to wireless indoor networks. Keywords: wireless indoor networks; wireless LAN (WLAN); personal area networks (PAN); home area networks (HAN); bluetooth; HomeRF; wireless access; short-range positioning; indoor geolocation
Validating an ASIC standard cell library

The accurate validation of the CHMOS III and CHMOS IV cell-based libraries is discussed. The validation methodology consists of library test chips which isolate each cell in a measurable and meaningful circuit. These chips use the customer design, layout, and simulation environment, incorporating all library cells. Manufacturing the test chip wafers across the worst-case process corners further guarantees that customer simulation bounds silicon performance. The characterization process encompasses process, temperature, and voltage extremes. For customer-specific operating conditions, K-factors for temperature and voltage are generated. >
Menopause and breast cancer risk.

Age at menopause and type of menopause from hospital records of breast cancer patients were compared with similar information reported by a national probability sample of women. The national sample comprised 3581 women who responded to the 1960-1962 National Health Examination Survey. The cancer series consisted of 3887 patients selected from those reported to the Connecticut Cancer Registry between 1950 and 1959. No substantial bias was identified when the validity of the comparison and the effect of the relatively large number of breast cancer patients whose menopause histories were deficient were evaluated. Overall surgically induced menopause was associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk to about 60% of that experienced by women having natural menopause induced before age 35 but induction up to age 50 was protective. There was little effect in the 10 years following the surgical procedure but substantial reduction occurred in all subsequent periods. Among women with menopause induced before age 35 breast cancer risk stayed as low as 1/3 that expected 30 and more years later. Relative risk of breast cancer increased with age at natural menopause. Women with natural menopause at age 55 or older had twice the breast cancer risk experienced by those whose menopause occurred before age 45. The relative risk of breast cancer associated with late natural menopause was greatest after age 70.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)
The Index of Cognitive Activity: measuring cognitive workload

The Index of Cognitive Activity is an innovative technique that provides an objective psychophysiological measurement of cognitive workload. As users operate in increasingly complex environments, it is essential that the designers of these environments understand the cognitive demands placed on the users. The Index of Cognitive Activity (ICA) provides an important estimate of the levels of cognitive effort of the user. The ICA is based on changes in pupil dilation that occur as a user interacts with a visual display. The Index is described, and several applications are presented.
High-resolution spectrograms of ion acoustic waves in the solar wind

High-resolution, frequency-time spectrograms of ion acoustic waves in the solar wind obtained by the Voyager spacecraft at distances of up to 1.7 AU are examined. The plasma wave instrument on board the Voyager spacecraft used to acquire the spectra employs an electric dipole antenna with a 16-channel step frequency receiver and a high-bit-rate waveform receiver to detect and measure the electric field of plasma waves. Voyager spectrograms show that the ion acoustic waves consist of narrowband, rapidly varying bursts, lasting a few seconds or less, usually in the range between the plasma ion and electron frequencies. Spectrograms taken at 1.7 AU are shown to be essentially identical to similar measurements taken upstream of the earth's magnetosphere, which are produced by suprathermal protons streaming into the solar wind from the bow shock, and to those taken upstream of interplanetary shocks.
CUBIC, BUTTERFLY, AND OXYGEN-CAPPED CLUSTERS OF n-BUTYLOXOTIN PHOSPHINATES. A NEW CLASS OF ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS

Abstract Reaction of n-butylstannoic acid with the phosphinic acids, R2PO2H, where R = tert-butyl, benzyl, and cyclohexyl, has led to new types of structural forms for hexacoordinated tin: two cubic clusters; [n-BuSn(O)O2P(t-Bu)2]4 (1) and [n-BuSn(O)O2,P(CH2Ph)2]4 (2), respectively, and a “butterfly” cluster, [n-BuSn(OH)(O2P(C6H11)2]2 (3). Interesting transformations of cubes and the butterfly derivative yield oxygen-capped cluster formulations, [(R'Sn(OH)O2PR2)3O][R2PO2], where R = n-Bu and R = C6H11 or CH2Ph. 119Sn and 31P NMR show these structural characteristics in solution. The 119Sn chemical shift correlates with increasing cluster complexity, i.e., with an increasing ligand to tin component in the various formulations discovered so far. 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 13.616 (4) A, b = 13.857 (3) A, c = 20.544 (4) A, α = 79.95 (2)°, β = 69.16 (2)°, γ = 71.15 (2)°, and Z = 2. 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P421 c with a = 17.630 (4) A, c = 11.825 (3) A, and Z = ...
Importance of reactant mass transfer in the reproducible preparation of self-assembled monolayers

This paper examines the role of reactant mass transfer in the preparation of monolayers derived by the chemisorption of thiols on gold and related systems. As a starting point, equations are derived that relate the total impingement of thiol molecules, specifically n-hexanethiol, onto a gold surface for two substrate/deposition vessel geometries. The first model is based on a construct that delivers the reactant to the surface by linear diffusion. The second geometry mimics the case in which hemispherical mass transport is a critical component in the diffusional delivery of reactants. The relationships describe the effects of thiol concentration and immersion time solely on the impingement of the reactant on the gold surface with respect to both deposition geometries. With these predictive equations as guides, adlayer formation is followed by using infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, and assessments of heterogeneous electron-transfer kinetics. This work demonstrates that, in addition to pretreatment protocols of the substrate surface, the mode of reactant mass transport must be carefully considered and controlled in order to repetitively yield adlayers with comparable structures and, therefore, interfacial properties. Both the total impingement and the rate of impingement of the reactant are found to be major contributors, which implicates the role of nucleation and growth in ultimately dictating subtle, but important differences in the interfacial properties of the adlayer.
Providing critical laboratory results on time, every time to help reduce emergency department length of stay: how our laboratory achieved a Six Sigma level of performance.

Objectives: To develop a fully automated core laboratory, handling samples on a “first in, first out” real-time basis with Lean/Six Sigma management tools. Methods: Our primary goal was to provide services to critical care areas, eliminating turnaround time outlier percentage (TAT-OP) as a factor in patient length of stay (LOS). A secondary goal was to achieve a better laboratory return on investment. Results: In 2011, we reached our primary goal when we calculated the TAT-OP distribution and found we had achieved a Six Sigma level of performance, ensuring that our laboratory service can be essentially eliminated as a factor in emergency department patient LOS. We also measured return on investment, showing a productivity improvement of 35%, keeping pace with our increased testing volume. Conclusions: As a result of our Lean process improvements and Six Sigma initiatives, in part through (1) strategic deployment of point-of-care testing and (2) core laboratory total automation with robotics, middleware, and expert system technology, physicians and nurses at the Oklahoma University Medical Center can more effectively deliver lifesaving health care using evidence-based protocols that depend heavily on “on time, every time” laboratory services.
The solubility of hydrogen in nickel and cobalt

Abstract The solubility of hydrogen in nickel and cobalt at atmospheric pressure has been measured over large temperature ranges. Large departures from Arrhenius behavior have been found for polycrystalline nickel and cobalt, but equilibrations using a nickel single crystal did not show curvature in the Arrhenius plot. The measured solubility data have been interpreted using a solid solution model involving sites of differing energy at which solute atoms can be located.
Control of rightward transcription in coliphage lambda by the regulatory functions of phage genes N and cro

Abstract Controls of rightward transcription, initiated at the pR and the p′R promoters of induced λ lysogen, were studied by employing RNA-DNA hybridization techniques. Transcription initiated at the pR promoter is partially turned off by the cro gene product shortly after induction. However, this turn-off appears to depend on certain functions specified by the gene N product, since no such turnoff is observed in λN−cro+ lysogens. Furthermore, the product of gene N, in addition to its known antitermination effect at tR1, is found to stimulate pR-promoted transcription in the pR-cro region that is located upstream from both the N utilization site, nutR, and terminator tR1. Thus, the regulation of pR-promoted transcription by the N and cro products is analogous to that of PL-promoted transcription; we propose that similar mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of these transcripts. This study also indicates that the regulatory effect of the cro product is required for normal transcription from the p′R(pQ) promoter, since a reduced rate of transcription in the p′R-S-J region is observed in λcro− lysogens. This late regulatory effect of the cro product must be mediated through the phage DNA replication functions, because when λ replication is blocked by a P mutation, the cro product no longer stimulates p′R-promoted transcription. These results indicate that complex interactions between the transcriptional functions, including the regulatory products of N and cro, and the components of the replication machinery are involved in the control of the orderly development of phage λ.
Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Myoglobin Release After Reperfusion of Injured Myocardium in Dogs With Systemic Hypotension

Background Myoglobin (Mb) is an intramyocardial protein that is released into the systemic circulation and rapidly cleared via the kidneys after myocardial injury. Arterial Mb concentration–time cu...
Promoter scanning of the human COX-2 gene with 8-ring polyamides: unexpected weakening of polyamide-DNA binding and selectivity by replacing an internal N-Me-pyrrole with β-alanine.

Abstract Rules for polyamide–DNA recognition have proved invaluable for the design of sequence-selective DNA binding agents in cell-free systems. However, these rules are not fully transferrable to predicting activity in cells, tissues or animals, and additional refinements to our understanding of DNA recognition would help biomedical studies. Similar complexities are encountered when using internal β-alanines as polyamide building blocks in place of N-methylpyrrole; β-alanines were introduced in polyamide designs to maintain good hydrogen bonding registry with the target DNA, especially for long polyamides or those with several GC bp (P.B. Dervan, A.R. Urbach, Essays Contemp. Chem. (2001) 327–339). Thus, to clarify important subtleties of molecular recognition, we studied the effects of replacing a single pyrrole with β-alanine in 8-ring polyamides designed against the Ets-1 transcription factor. Replacement of a single internal N-methylpyrrole with β-alanine to generate a β/Im pairing in two 8-ring polyamides causes a decrease in DNA binding affinity by two orders of magnitude and decreases DNA binding selectivity, contrary to expectations based on the literature. Measurements were made by fluorescence spectroscopy, quantitative DNA footprinting and surface plasmon resonance, with these vastly different techniques showing excellent agreement. Furthermore, results were validated for a range of DNA substrates from small hairpins to long dsDNA sequences. Docking studies helped show that β-alanine does not make efficient hydrophobic contacts with the rest of the polyamide or nearby DNA, in contrast to pyrrole. These results help refine design principles and expectations for polyamide–DNA recognition.
Stereotaxic placement of cannulae in cerebral ventricles of the pig

We have developed and employed a stereotaxic coordinate sys- tem for the pig brain based on external skull landmarks. Sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes were defined. Based on histological maps and ventricular casts, the coordinates for locating the lateral ventricles were described. Guide tubes leading to the lateral ventricles have been chronically implanted. This access route to the ventricular system has been used for stimulation of the dipsogenic response with angiotensin and for withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid. Solved and unsolved problems arising with these procedures have been defined. Knowledge of the positions of the cerebral ventricles facilitates study of the role of the adjacent nuclei and of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in physiological, pathological, and be- havioral processes. Using sterotaxic informa- tion available in the literature, electrodes and cannulae can be positioned accurately in or near the ventricles of the cat, monkey, dog, and other species (Gergen and MacLean, '62; Horsley and Clarke, '08; DeGroot, '59; Lim et al., '60; Knigge and Joseph, '63). However, de- tailed sterotaxic information for the pig does not exist. Fitzgerald ('61) has demonstrated the shape and size of the ventricular system of the pig, but the latex models he produced were without reference to external skull markings. Similarly, Yoshikawa's atlas ('68) of the pig brain does not provide stereotaxic reference. Dellmann and McClure ('65) studied the pig skull and determined preliminary stereotaxic planes, although they did not describe an im- plementation of their system. Studies in our laboratory (Miller et al., '79) have established that the pig serves as a very satisfactory model for the study of mineralo- corticoid hypertension. Brody et al., ('78) have demonstrated the importance of the region of the anteroventral third ventricle in the devel- opment of this type of hypertension. In order to evaluate the role of the central nervous sys- tem in this model of hypertension in the pig, we have developed an access to the lateral cer- ebral ventricles to be described in this study. We have established and employed a ster- eotaxic coordinate system for the pig brain based on external skull landmarks. The ster- eotaxic system to be described is easily repro- duced, and is suitable for placement of can- nulae or electrodes into and about the cerebral ventricular system of the young pig. We have also attempted
Design and development of batch fabricatable metal–insulator–metal diode and microstrip slot antenna as rectenna elements

Abstract Thin-film Ni-NiO-Cr metal–insulator–metal (MIM) tunnel diodes with 1 μm 2 contact area and 1–3 nm insulator layer (NiO) are fabricated for high sensitive far-infrared (IR) detection. Also, a 2.5 GHz microstrip slot antenna is fabricated on a FR-4 substrate and integrated with a commercially available surface mount zero bias Schotky diode. Asymmetric current–voltage ( I–V ) characteristics of the MIM tunnel diode is observed with a significant degree of non-linearity. Additionally, the sensitivity of the MIM diode is determined to be 5 V −1 at V bias of 0.1 V. For the antenna coupled detector circuit, the radiation patterns, scattering parameters, output voltage and sensitivity are determined experimentally. Further, when the slot antenna is coupled with the schottky diode detector, a rectified output voltage of 56 mV is obtained by radiating the device with a low frequency tube antenna.
SNF-6 is an acetylcholine transporter interacting with the dystrophin complex in Caenorhabditis elegans

Muscular dystrophies are among the most common human genetic diseases and are characterized by progressive muscle degeneration. Muscular dystrophies result from genetic defects in components of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex (DGC), a multimeric complex found in the muscle cell plasma membrane1. The DGC links the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and is thought to be important for maintaining the mechanical integrity of muscles2 and organizing signalling molecules3. The exact role of the DGC in the pathogenesis of disease has, however, remained uncertain4. Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans DGC genes lead to specific defects in coordinated movement and can also cause muscle degeneration5,6,7. Here we show that mutations in the gene snf-6 result in phenotypes indistinguishable from those of the DGC mutants, and that snf-6 encodes a novel acetylcholine/choline transporter. SNF-6 mediates the uptake of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions during periods of increased synaptic activity. SNF-6 also interacts with the DGC, and mutations in DGC genes cause a loss of SNF-6 at neuromuscular junctions. Improper clearing of acetylcholine and prolonged excitation of muscles might contribute to the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies.
Trace and contextual fear conditioning are impaired following unilateral microinjection of muscimol in the ventral hippocampus or amygdala, but not the medial prefrontal cortex.

Trace fear conditioning, in which a brief empty “trace interval” occurs between presentation of the CS and UCS, differs from standard delay conditioning in that contributions from both the hippocampus and prelimbic medial prefrontal cortex (PL mPFC) are required to form a normal long term memory. Little is currently known about how the PL interacts with various temporal lobe structures to support learning across this temporal gap between stimuli. We temporarily inactivated PL along with either ventral hippocampus or amygdala in a disconnection design to determine if these structures functionally interact to acquire trace fear conditioning. Disconnection (contralateral injections) of the PL with either the ventral hippocampus or amygdala impaired trace fear conditioning; however, ipsilateral control rats were also impaired. Follow-up experiments examined the effects of unilateral inactivation of the PL, ventral hippocampus, or amygdala during conditioning. The results of this study demonstrate that unilateral inactivation of the ventral hippocampus or amygdala impairs memory, while bilateral inactivation of the PL is required to produce a deficit. Memory deficits after unilateral inactivation of the ventral hippocampus or amygdala prevent us from determining whether the mPFC functionally interacts with the medial temporal lobe using a disconnection approach. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that the trace fear network is more integrated than previously thought.
Orthopaedic metal devices coated with a novel antiseptic dye for the prevention of bacterial infections

Gendine is a novel antiseptic dye with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that may be used to coat plastics and metal devices. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of gendine-coated orthopaedic metal devices in preventing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation. Stainless steel and titanium Schanz rods were coated with gendine. The zone of inhibition (ZoI) around the rods with and without gamma-irradiation was determined by a modified Kirby-Bauer method. A previously published bioprosthetic biofilm colonisation model, modified Kuhn's method, was used to determine the adherence of MRSA to coated and uncoated rods, with and without irradiation, after insertion into bovine bone and after 3 months shelf life followed by 2 weeks of immersion in serum. The gendine-coated Schanz metal rods showed a net ZoI of 16 mm against MRSA before and after irradiation. Gendine-coated rods showed no biofilm formation (0 colony-forming units (CFU)), which was a significant reduction (P 5000 CFU). Coated rods exposed to high-dose gamma-irradiation and coated rods drilled into bone also showed significant efficacy (P<0.001) in preventing biofilm adherence. After 2 weeks, gendine-coated rods maintained significant durability (P<0.01), resulting in 90% reduction in MRSA biofilm adherence compared with uncoated control rods. Results indicate that gendine-coated metal rods are highly efficacious in the prevention of MRSA biofilm.
Radiation pattern synthesis using impedance surfaces supporting leaky waves

We report impedance surfaces that offer subwavelength control of the leakage constant a x and propagation constant s x . This enhanced control allows tailoring of the aperture field at the impedance surface and therefore the synthesis of arbitrary far-field patterns. The transverse resonance technique is used to analytically relate the complex wavenumber k x to the electrical parameters of the proposed impedance surface. Two design examples are reported: a constant amplitude aperture distribution for increased directivity, and a Hamming window amplitude distribution for reduced sidelobe levels.
Coagulation Inhibitor Elicited by Thrombin

A protein fraction present in bovine prothrombin complex, or in prothrombin-free preparations obtained from serum, is converted by thrombin into an anticoagulant that strongly interferes with the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation and with thrombin formation, initiated also by the extrinsic mechanism. If one assumes that a similar phenomenon takes place in vivo, the association between thrombosis and hemorrhage may be better understood.
Persistence of the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga and its impact on native Lymantriidae

The entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga has been reported infecting gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, larvae in the United States since 1989. Laboratory bioassays demonstrated that larvae of numerous species of native tussock moths (Lymantriidae) are susceptible to E. maimaiga. From 1997 to 2001, larvae of gypsy moth and native lymantriids were collected in long-term plots in national forests in Virginia and West Virginia to evaluate infection levels. Throughout this time, gypsy moth populations were low although increasing the last 2 years, whereas native lymantriids remained uncommon throughout. Among gypsy moth larvae, infection by E. maimaiga first occurred during 2000 and increased in both areas during 2001 as gypsy moth populations increased. Seven species of native lymantriids were collected but only three were infected: Dasychira obliquata, Dasychira vagans, and Orgyia leucostigma. Infection of these native lymantriid species did not occur in 1997–1999 and was always <50% per species during 2000 and 2001. Ecological studies were conducted to evaluate when and where native lymantriids could be exposed to E. maimaiga inoculum. Field bioassays demonstrated that E. maimaiga resting spores were active in soil at bases of trees beginning in April, especially when soil was moist, but few gypsy moth larvae were infected by airborne conidia from resting spores early in the season. In 2000 and 2001, cadavers that produced conidia were collected throughout the season and conidia were the predominant spore form produced for at least the first month of the field season. Resting spore densities in soil were high during 1997 but titers declined through the study, with the exception of an increase following E. maimaiga infections in increasing gypsy moth populations in West Virginia during 2000.
Approximate quantum trajectory dynamics for reactive processes in condensed phase

A method of molecular dynamics with quantum corrections, practical for studies of large molecular systems, is reviewed. The approach is based on the Bohmian formulation of the time-dependent Schrod...
Comparison of segregated phosphorus and sulfur effects on the fracture mode and ductility of iron tested at catholic potentials

Specimens of Fe, Fe+1000 appm P and Fe+1000 appm P+800 appm Mn were evaluated. A grain boundary phosphorus concentration of 0.2 monolayers was insufficient to promote intergranular fracture. This is in contrast to the effect of sulfur where grain boundary concentraions exceeding 0.13 monolayers caused 100% fracture. Phosphorus competes with and reduces grain boundary sulfur segregation and has a beneficial effect on ductility. 10 refs.
Exchange interaction and stability diagram of coupled quantum dots in magnetic fields

The charge stability diagram for two coupled quantum dots containing up to two electrons is computed in magnetic fields. One- and two-particle Schroedinger equations are solved by exact diagonalization to obtain the chemical potentials and exchange energy in these systems. By analyzing the chemical potentials variation with external biases and magnetic fields, it is possible to distinguish between the weak and strong inter-dot couplings. The variation of the chemical potential curvatures and the double-triple point separations in the stability diagrams confirms the inter-dot coupling decrease with increasing magnetic fields. The computed exchange energies are also found to be significantly smaller than the values estimated from the stability diagram.
Phosphorylation of Human Fascin Inhibits Its Actin Binding and Bundling Activities

Human fascin is an actin-bundling protein that is thought to be involved in the assembly of actin filament bundles present in microspikes as well as in membrane ruffles and stress fibers. We have found that human fascin is phosphorylated in vivo upon treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, a tumor promoter. The in vivo phosphorylation is gradually increased from 0.13 to 0.30 mol/mol during 2 h of treatment, concomitant with the disappearance of human fascin from stress fibers, membrane ruffles, and microspikes. Human fascin can also be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C at the same sites as observed in vivo as judged by phosphopeptide mapping. The extent of phosphorylation depends on pH: the stoichiometries are 0.05, 0.38, and 0.6 mol of phosphate/mol of protein at pH 7.0, 6.0, and 5.0, respectively. Phosphorylation greatly reduces actin binding of human fascin, while lowering the pH to 6.0 alone does not affect fascin-actin binding. With the incorporation of 0.25 mol of phosphate/mol of protein, the actin binding affinity is reduced from 6.7 × 106 to 1.5 × 106M-1. The actin bundling activity is also decreased. These results suggest that phosphorylation of fascin plays a role in actin reorganization after treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
What Is Valued in Gay and Lesbian Specific Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment

Little is known about what gay and lesbian clients value about culturally specific alcohol and other drug treatment programs. This study involves a sample of clinical staff and former clients (N = 40) of four culturally specific alcohol and other drug treatment programs to clarify what is addressed and deemed valuable for the specific needs of gay and lesbian clients. Through the lens of the recovery capital conceptual framework, this qualitative research emphasizes resiliency and the supports necessary for long-term recovery. Results indicate three major themes that make this type of treatment valuable: (1) a separate treatment unit or facility, (2) a safe and supportive therapeutic milieu, and (3) specific tailored treatment approaches. Findings are discussed to include implications for ways to improve services for this all too often understudied population of potentially vulnerable individuals who can benefit from culturally sensitive care.
Recurrent acute necrotizing hemorrhagic incephalopathy.

A case of acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy which surviced one year following cerebral decompression was studied. This patient was found to have cell mediated hypersensitivity to an encephalitogenic myelin basic protein. The unusual clinical features suggested a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The pathological findings revealed that the disease had occurred in bouts and suggested that this illness may have a polyphasic rather than a monophasic course, if the patient survives.
A comparative study of the reactivity of Zr(IV), Hf(IV) and Th(IV) metallocene complexes: Thorium is not a Group IV metal after all

Abstract Thorium(IV) is often considered to show similar chemistry to Group IV transition metals. However, studies in our laboratory have shown that this generalization is incorrect. This report presents direct comparisons where the Th(IV) metallocene complexes (C5Me5)2ThR2 (R = CH3, Ph, CH2Ph) undergo unique chemical reactivity with pyridine, 2-picoline, pyridine N-oxide, 2-picoline N-oxide, and benzonitrile, while the Group IV metal analogues (C5R5)2M(CH3)2 (R = H, CH3; M = Zr, Hf) do not. We also report revised high-yield syntheses for the zirconium and hafnium starting materials, (C5H5)2MR2 (M = Zr, Hf; R = CH3, Ph, CH2Ph), using Grignard reagents for alkylation in addition to the X-ray crystal structures of (C5H5)2Hf(Ph)2 and (C5H5)2Hf(CH2Ph)2.
Dual-enzyme assay of glutamate in single cells based on capillary electrophoresis

Abstract A new dual-enzyme on-column reaction method combined with capillary electrophoresis has been developed for determining the glutamate content in single cells. Glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were used to catalyze the glutamate reaction. Detection was based on monitoring the laser-induced fluorescence of the reaction product NADH, and the measured fluorescence intensity was related to the concentration of glutamate in each cell. Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzed the formation of NADH, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase drives the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction by removing a reaction product and regenerating glutamate. The detection limit of glutamate is down to the 10−8 M level, which is 1 order of magnitude lower than previously reported detection limits based on similar detection methods. The mass detection limit of a few attomoles is far superior to that of any other reports. Selectivity for glutamate is excellent over most amino acids. The glutamate content in single human erythrocytes and baby rat brain neurons were determined with this method and the results agreed well with literature values.
Progenitor masses of Type Ib/c supernovae

Recent models for the origins of Type Ib/c supernovae have proposed that the progenitors consist of relatively low-mass (M ∼ 12-18 M ⊙ ) stars in binary systems that have lost their hydrogen envelope. On the basis of the nickel mass, light curve and the amount of mixing, these models identify the low-mass end with Ic's and the higher mass end with Ib's. It is shown that the dependence of the nickel mass on the progenitor mass is highly uncertain and suggested that the helium lines in Type Ib's and the lack thereof in Type Ic's could be more naturally explained by identifying the low-mass end with Ib's and the high-mass end with Ic's
Excitons in Degenerate Semiconductors

The band-to-band optical absorption is calculated for a direct-band-gap semiconductor that has one band degenerate $n$ or $p$ type. The degenerate band is treated as a high-density Fermi gas. It is shown that exciton states, arising from the electron-hole Coulomb attraction, still affect the optical absorption. The calculations show that exciton states cause a logarithmic singularity in the absorption at the Burstein edge. This singularity is present at a moderate density of electrons or holes in the degenerate band, but it gradually disappears in the high-density limit. Lifetime broadening could make the logarithmic singularity difficult to observe at higher densities.