cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global Ocean Integrals and Means, with Trend Implications

Understanding the ocean requires determining and explaining global integrals and equivalent average values of temperature (heat), salinity (freshwater and salt content), sea level, energy, and other properties. Attempts to determine means, integrals, and climatologies have been hindered by thinly and poorly distributed historical observations in a system in which both signals and background noise are spatially very inhomogeneous, leading to potentially large temporal bias errors that must be corrected at the 1% level or better. With the exception of the upper ocean in the current altimetric-Argo era, no clear documentation exists on the best methods for estimating means and their changes for quantities such as heat and freshwater at the levels required for anthropogenic signals. Underestimates of trends are as likely as overestimates; for example, recent inferences that multidecadal oceanic heat uptake has been greatly underestimated are plausible. For new or augmented observing systems, calculating the accuracies and precisions of global, multidecadal sampling densities for the full water column is necessary to avoid the irrecoverable loss of scientifically essential information.
The Erv41–Erv46 complex serves as a retrograde receptor to retrieve escaped ER proteins

Signal-dependent sorting of proteins in the early secretory pathway is required for dynamic retention of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi components. In this study, we identify the Erv41–Erv46 complex as a new retrograde receptor for retrieval of non–HDEL-bearing ER resident proteins. In cells lacking Erv41–Erv46 function, the ER enzyme glucosidase I (Gls1) was mislocalized and degraded in the vacuole. Biochemical experiments demonstrated that the luminal domain of Gls1 bound to the Erv41–Erv46 complex in a pH-dependent manner. Moreover, in vivo disturbance of the pH gradient across membranes by bafilomycin A1 treatment caused Gls1 mislocalization. Whole cell proteomic analyses of deletion strains using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in culture identified other ER resident proteins that depended on the Erv41–Erv46 complex for efficient localization. Our results support a model in which pH-dependent receptor binding of specific cargo by the Erv41–Erv46 complex in Golgi compartments identifies escaped ER resident proteins for retrieval to the ER in coat protein complex I–formed transport carriers.
Addition reactions of methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2,3-dideoxy-α-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside

Abstract The title alkene (1) reacts with bromine in methanol, in the presence of silver acetate, to give a high yield of a crystalline 2,3-dibromide (2) having the D -altro configuration. Removal of the O-benzylidene group from 2 followed by acetylation gave the corresponding 4,6-diacetate 5, and treatment of 2 with N-bromosuccinimide gave methyl 4-O-benzoyl-2,3,6-tribromo-2,3,6-trideoxy-α- D -altropyranoside (6). Strong base converts the dibromide 2 into methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-bromo-2,3-dideoxy-α- D -threo-hex-3-enopyranoside (3); the bromine atom at C-2 is not removed. Acetyl hypobromite reacts with the alkene 1 to give a mixture of two adducts, namely, methyl 2-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-bromo-3-deoxy-α- D -altropyranoside (7) and methyl 3-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-bromo-2-deoxy-α- D -glucopyranoside (8), with the former preponderating; treatment of either 7 or 8 with base gives methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-α- D -mannopyranoside (10). N-Bromosuccinimide converts 7 into the 6-bromo 4-benzoate analog 9. Treatment of alkene 1 with diiodomethane and zinc-copper couple gives the cyclopropyl derivative 4, but 1 is quite inert toward “dichlorocarbene”, “ethoxycarbonylcarbene”, and “ethoxycarbonylnitrene”. The structures assigned to the products 2–10 were confirmed by 100-MHz n.m.r. spectral studies and by spin-decoupling experiments.
A conceptually simple method for incorporating periodic boundary conditions into the FDTD method

A straightforward, conceptually simple technique is presented for incorporating periodic boundary conditions into the FDTD method. The method is valid over a wide range of angles of incidence (for the scattering case) or angles of scan (for the antenna case). The method is verified through comparison with results calculated using a frequency-domain, mode-matching method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 472–476, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20856
Public access defibrillation: a review

Sudden cardiac death remains a worldwide health problem. More than 1000 such deaths occur daily in the United States1; most are secondary to ventricular fibrillation (VF).2Unfortunately, only about 5% of victims survive.3-5Sudden cardiac death is the most common “accidental” death in the US. A combined total of all airline, automobile, and drowning deaths would not equal the number of accidental or unexpected sudden cardiac deaths. The key issue in successfully treating sudden cardiac death is early defibrillation. “The sooner the better” is never more true than with defibrillation of VF. In various settings, if defibrillation is applied immediately or very early, such as in the cardiac catheterisation laboratory or at cardiac rehabilitation centres, a survival rate of 90% is possible and should be expected.6-8 For every minute of delay, however, the survival rate appears to decrease by approximately 10%.9 The importance of early defibrillation for successful resuscitation has prompted important statements on both sides of the Atlantic supporting first responder defibrillator use. The American Heart Association has stated, “it is essential to integrate the concept of early defibrillation into an effective emergency cardiac care system”.10 To achieve this goal, the AHA endorses the position that “all emergency personnel should be trained and permitted to operate an appropriately maintained defibrillator, if their professional activities require that they respond to persons experiencing cardiac arrest”.10 The UK Department of Health Steering Group on ambulance performance standards has likewise proposed that: Emergency medical system response should occur within eight minutes of cardiac arrest through the use of rapid response vehicles, including motor bikes, and through first responder automated external defibrillation schemes. The first responders are anyone who has been selected and trained by an ambulance service to provide basic support and, in the event …
Transcatheter Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Mesenteric and Portal Vein Thrombosis

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of transcatheter thrombolytic therapy in 20 patients with acute or subacute (symptoms MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study examined 12 male patients and eight female patients seen over a period of 11 years. The average age was 37.6 years. Four of the patients had previously undergone liver transplantation. An anatomic classification system was established to describe the extent of thrombus at the time of diagnosis. Patients were treated with thrombolytic therapy via the transhepatic route, common femoral vein route, and/or superior mesenteric artery route. Improvement in symptoms, avoidance of bowel resection, complications, and radiographic evidence of clot resolution were the main clinical outcomes. RESULTS Fifteen of the 20 patients exhibited some degree of lysis of the thrombus. Three patients had complete resolution, 12 had partial resolution, and five had no resolution. Eighty-five percent of patients ( n = 17) had resolution of symptoms. Sixty percent of patients ( n = 12) developed a major complication. No patients required bowel resection after thrombolytic therapy. One patient died with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and septic shock 2 weeks after thrombolytic therapy. Other major complications included bleeding and conditions requiring transfusion. No patients developed new portal or mesenteric thromboses. Two of the patients who received transplants eventually required repeat transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Transcatheter thrombolysis was beneficial in avoiding patient death, resolving thrombus, improving symptoms, and avoiding bowel resection. However, there was a high complication rate, indicating that this therapy should be reserved for patients with severe disease. Further evaluation of these techniques and outcomes should continue to be pursued.
RNA Polymerase II Pausing as a Context-Dependent Reader of the Genome

The RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcribes all mRNA genes in eukaryotes and is among the most highly regulated enzymes in the cell. The classic model of mRNA gene regulation involves recruitment of the RNA polymerase to gene promoters in response to environmental signals. Higher eukaryotes have an additional ability to generate multiple cell types. This extra level of regulation enables each cell to interpret the same genome by committing to one of the many possible transcription programs and executing it in a precise and robust manner. Whereas multiple mechanisms are implicated in cell type-specific transcriptional regulation, how one genome can give rise to distinct transcriptional programs and what mechanisms activate and maintain the appropriate program in each cell remains unclear. This review focuses on the process of promoter-proximal Pol II pausing during early transcription elongation as a key step in context-dependent interpretation of the metazoan genome. We highlight aspects of promoter-proximal Pol II pausing, including its interplay with epigenetic mechanisms, that may enable cell type-specific regulation, and emphasize some of the pertinent questions that remain unanswered and open for investigation.
Effects of Layer Nesting on Compression-Loaded 2-D Woven Textile Composites

Layer nesting refers to the interaction between neighboring fabric layers of a textile composite laminate. Idealized layer nesting configurations were investigated in five-harness satin weave carbon/epoxy laminates under static compression loading. A methodology was developed to fabricate three idealized nesting cases: stacked, split-span, and diagonal. All three idealized nesting cases produced reductions in compressive strength and ultimate strain when compared to the conventional randomly-nested laminates. The diagonal nesting geometry produced the largest strength reductions. Finite element results showed consistent strength reduction trends for the idealized nesting cases; however, the magnitudes of compressive strengths were overpredicted. These results suggest that regions of idealized nesting in conventional woven composites, particularly diagonal nesting, may be sites of failure initiation. Additionally, differences in compressive strength associated with idealized nesting configurations may expl...
Spatial Patterns in Sort Wafer Maps and Identifying Fab Tool Commonalities

Methodologies for detecting non random spatial patterns on Sort bin wafer maps and discovering their fab tool commonalities are presented. The challenges encountered in implementing modern statistical learning algorithms for this task are discussed as well as their advantages over traditional methods. The methods are then demonstrated on production data.
Perioperative blood transfusions and survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study

Background Perioperative blood transfusions have been associated with poor clinical outcomes in the context of oncological surgery. Current literature is inconclusive whether blood transfusions are linked to shorter recurrence free and overall survival after lung cancer surgery. We hypothesize that blood transfusions in patients undergoing surgery for non-small cell lung cancer are associated with poor oncological survival.
Practical tantalum coating of microspheres for experimental visualization under fluoroscopy and CT

The present report describes a simple technique for tantalum coating of microspheres for visualization by fluoroscopy and computed tomography (CT). Spherical microspheres were soaked with Ta powder under different conditions and microscopically evaluated for Ta-coating quality by assessing bound and unbound Ta. For 100-300-µm Embosphere particles, soaking with 0.05 mL Ta powder for 30 minutes and centrifugation at 500 rpm produced optimal coating. Optimized microspheres were injected in swine renal arteries and assessed by fluoroscopy and micro-CT for the opacification of segmental, arcuate, and interlobular arteries. This practical method can be used for experimental studies with commonly available microspheres.
Maternal Versus Infant Vitamin D Supplementation During Lactation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE:Compare effectiveness of maternal vitamin D3 supplementation with 6400 IU per day alone to maternal and infant supplementation with 400 IU per day. METHODS:Exclusively lactating women living in Charleston, SC, or Rochester, NY, at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum were randomized to either 400, 2400, or 6400 IU vitamin D3/day for 6 months. Breastfeeding infants in 400 IU group received oral 400 IU vitamin D3/day; infants in 2400 and 6400 IU groups received 0 IU/day (placebo). Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) ,50 nmol/L. 2400 IU group ended in 2009 as greater infant deficiency occurred. Maternal serum vitamin D, 25(OH)D, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations and urinary calcium/creatinine ratios were measured at baseline then monthly, and infant blood parameters were measured at baseline and months 4 and 7. RESULTS: Of the 334 mother-infant pairs in 400 IU and 6400 IU groups at enrollment, 216 (64.7%) were still breastfeeding at visit 1; 148 (44.3%) continued full breastfeeding to 4 months and 95 (28.4%) to 7 months. Vitamin D deficiency in breastfeeding infants was greatly affected by race. Compared with 400 IU vitamin D3 per day, 6400 IU/day safely and significantly increased maternal vitamin D and 25(OH)D from baseline (P , .0001). Compared with breastfeeding infant 25(OH)D in the 400 IU group receiving supplement, infants in the 6400 IU group whose mothers only received supplement did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal vitamin D supplementation with 6400 IU/day safely supplies breast milk with adequate vitamin D to satisfy her nursing infant's requirement and offers an alternate strategy to direct infant supplementation.
Fiscal disparity and equalisation in the Russian Federation

AbstractThe regions of the Russian Federation are economically disparate. Differential endowment with energy resources drives much of this disparity and this translates into highly diverse fiscal capacities. Although regions do have some independent revenue-raising authority, all taxes are administered by the national Ministry of Taxation and a sizable share (roughly 45%) of total national revenue is transferred to regional and local government. The transfers, however, are not of equal importance to all regions. This article focuses on vertical and horizontal balance in the country. It examines differential revenue capacity and the extent to which national transfer programmes mitigate fiscal disparity.
Impact of Erynia phytonomi (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales), a Fungal Pathogen, on Alfalfa Weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Populations in Missouri

Alfalfa and alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), populations were treated with the fungicide chlorthalonil to eliminate the fungal pathogen, Erynia phytonomi , of the alfalfa weevil for comparison with untreated populations infected with the pathogen. Population curves for both populations were quite similar; however, the populations with a high incidence of the pathogen exhibited a more dramatic decline. The pathogen did not prevent weevil populations from attaining peak numbers and therefore provided little protection from crop damage.
A Wavelet Analysis Approach for Categorizing Air Traffic Behavior

In this paper two frequency domain techniques are applied to air traffic analysis. The Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), like the Fourier Transform, is shown to identify changes in historical traffic patterns caused by Traffic Management Initiatives (TMIs) and weather with the added benefit of detecting when in time those changes take place. Next, with the expectation that it could detect anomalies in the network and indicate the extent to which they affect traffic flows, the Spectral Graph Wavelet Transform (SGWT) is applied to a center based graph model of air traffic. When applied to simulations based on historical flight plans, it identified the traffic flows between centers that have the greatest impact on either neighboring flows, or flows between centers many centers away. Like the CWT, however, it can be difficult to interpret SGWT results and relate them to simulations where major TMIs are implemented, and more research may be warranted in this area. These frequency analysis techniques can detect off-nominal air traffic behavior, but due to the nature of air traffic time series data, so far they prove difficult to apply in a way that provides significant insight or specific identification of traffic patterns.
Effect of pressure and dwell time on efficiency of a high-pressure washer for postharvest removal of California red scale (Homoptera : Diaspididae) from citrus fruit

The most common economic injury caused by California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), to citrus is downgrading of fruit caused by the presence of scale on the fruit. In the packinghouse, scale can be removed from fruit by subjecting the fruit to high-pressure water sprays that physically dislodge the scale. In this study, we evaluated a FMC Freshgard 4000 washer at several pressures and dwell times (the time from when a fruit enters the high-pressure washer to when it exits) for scale removal. Removal of total scale (live and dead) at 22.1, 13.6, and 10.2 atmospheres was 97-99.9, 95-98, and 97%, respectively. Live scale (which comprised 13-21% of scale on fruit before treatment) were more difficult to remove by high-pressure washing than dead scale. Removal of live scale at 22.1, 13.6, and 10.2 atmospheres was 93-99.7, 88-97, and 92% of live scale, respectively. The previously recommended pressure was 22.1 atmospheres, but results of this study support changing the recommended pressure to 10.2-13.6 atmospheres because the washer is almost as effective at these pressures as it is at 22.1 atmospheres. The advantage of slightly greater scale removal at 22.1 atmospheres compared with 13.6 and 10.2 atmospheres is offset by greater probability of causing economically significant injury to the fruit at higher pressures. Dwell time also affected scale removal. As dwell time increased 2.3-fold from 10-23 s, the number of scale remaining decreased by 6.1-fold.
Health care factors related to stage at diagnosis and survival among Medicare patients with colorectal cancer.

Background. With the growth in enrollment of Medicare patients in HMOs the effectiveness of care received by Medicare/HMO patients continues to be of concern. By considering the relationship of insurance to stage at diagnosis, this study inquires whether HMOs emphasize early diagnosis of colorectal
Improved Methods for Mass Rearing Plum Curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar

The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), has been laboratory reared in large numbers at Clemson university over a period of about 10 years. During this time the plum curculios were reared using the techniques described by Smith (1957a, 1957b), Smith and Fiori (1959), and Hays and Cochran (1963, 1964). Recently new techniques and methods for rearing were investigated and found to be better than those previously used. The following is a discussion of the changes which resulted in increased efficiency in rearing large numbers of plum curculios.
Acoustic Emission: Establishing the Fundamentals.

In the mid-1970's a program of fundamental research was initiated at NBS to improve the scientific understanding of acoustic emission. Many individual results of this research have been reported in the literature and are beginning to be incorporated in a new generation of acoustic emission instrumentation, in improved test methodologies, and in the analysis of data. Here, we summarize the problems faced by acoustic emission <{llidway through the last decade, review the accomplishments of the NBS program and related research programs, and outline the research that will be required in future years.
Treatment of Systolic Hypertension

The practice of evidence-based medicine bring new ideas and evidence to systolic hypertension(SH) in recent years.The blood pressure goal of systolic blood pressure is usually set at 140mm Hg.There is not a definite about the blood pressure goal in the elderly patients with coronary disease,diabetes or nephropathy.J-curve exists in SH patients,which we should be wary of.Capacity hypertention is common in the elderly patients.Thiazide diuretics and dihydropyridine calcium antagonists are the appropriate treatment options.Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and the angiotensin receptor blockers can be taken as the initiation and maintenance of medication for the SH patients.Combination medication has become the most important treatment strategy for achieving blood pressure goal.
Tryptophan Derivatives as Inhibitors of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Vivo and in Vitro

Certain typtophan analogs were found to be potent inhibitors of tyrosine hydroxylase and to act by a mechanism that is not competitive with substrate. The most active compounds in these studies were those with a hydroxyl group at the 5 position on the indole ring. The most potent inhibitor was α-methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan. Amines or acids resulting from metabolism of the parent compounds were found to be inactive. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity was inhibited in vivo after a 50 mg/kg dose of α-methyl-5-hydroxytryptophan; a single dose of 200 mg/kg inhibited the enzyme up to 48 hr. Administration of this compound resulted in depletion of tissue stores of catecholamines as well as in sedation.
The Sociopolitical Implications of Firm Reputation: Firm Financial Reputation × Social Reputation Interaction on Firm Financial Performance

The purpose of this investigation is to examine how different dimensions of firm reputation interact to predict firm financial performance. Specifically, we draw on the tenets of stakeholder theory...
Bond behavior of GFRP bar-concrete interface: Damage evolution assessment and FE simulation implementations

Abstract This study presents a bond damage assessment approach for the glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bar-concrete interface. The damage evolution equations are proposed based on the strain equivalence principle of damage mechanics, where the variations of the secant modulus of the bond-slip curve are utilized to evaluate the interface deterioration against slip. Numerical analyses are conducted with the ANSYS finite element (FE) program to simulate the bond behavior of pullout test. Nonlinear material behaviors of the GFRP composite and concrete matrix with respect to plain concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) are implemented using appropriate constitutive models. The interfacial bond-slip behavior is implemented using nonlinear spring elements. Numerical predictions are validated by the experimental results and compared with the widely used analytical models accounting for the FRP-concrete bond. Upon this, the bond damage evolution curves are derived thereafter, which are found to strictly follow the lognormal distribution or Weibull distribution. Further comparisons of different specimens are performed to investigate the critical factors and their impacts on the damage evolution, as well as those on the critical bond damage corresponding to the bond strength.
Chapter 5 – Methods to determine extent of oxidation

It has been presented that lipids oxidized into complex mixtures of primary and secondary products that decompose into a multitude of low and high molecular weight compounds. These mixtures vary in nature and composition according to the conditions and extent of oxidation. The quality of food lipids is greatly influenced by the nature of these complex oxidation products and the levels and significance of their concentrations as they relate to the acceptability of the food. A large repertoire of methods is available to determine oxidative deterioration of food lipids. The usefulness of the results can be evaluated according to the chemical and physical properties measured, the specificity and precision of the analyses, and how they relate to real life storage of food products. For routine analyses, many methods have been developed to appraise the extent and nature of oxidative deterioration. This chapter discusses the most commonly used methods according to the usefulness of the results in determining how closely they relate to flavor deterioration under ambient storage and processing conditions. Advanced methods based on Gas Chromatography [“GC”], Solid Phase Microextraction [“SPME”]-GC, GC-Olfactometry [“GC-O”] and GC-Mass Spectrometry [“MS”] have also been discussed in the chapter.
Techniques Analyzing Chromatin Modifications at Specific Single Loci

In a multicellular organism such as Homo sapiens, gene expression is precisely regulated at multiple levels. Besides the information stored in DNA, that information in DNA/histone modifications, which function through epigenetic inheritance, has been heavily discussed in the last few decades. To read the information stored in DNA/histone modifications during transcription, complex machineries are required for correct interpretation. Up to now, scientists have discovered “modifiers” that modify a specific locus on chromatin, for example, methyltransferase G9a methylates histone H3 at lysine 9. We also know DNA/histone modifications have their specific reader proteins – for example, chromodomain-containing protein recognizes methylated lysine. Furthermore, during the process of transcription initiation, the chromatin-remodeling complex unwraps the chromatin for binding of regulatory factors. All these findings are based on breakthroughs on techniques to dissect and image the chromatin structure at multiple dimensions, ranging from detection of a population of cells, a single cell, to a single locus observation. With the recently emerged CRISPR technique, it is possible to engineer the mammalian cell genome as we have done in yeast cells. That will broaden our vision by deciphering the deep secrets of the “Life Code” in multicellular organisms. In this chapter, we will look into how new techniques lead us on to the discoveries concerning chromatin organization and gene expression.
The Drosophila melanogaster homolog of UBE3A is not imprinted in neurons

In mammals, expression of UBE3A is epigenetically regulated in neurons and expression is restricted to the maternal copy of UBE3A. A recent report claimed that Drosophila melanogaster UBE3A homolog (Dube3a) is preferentially expressed from the maternal allele in fly brain, inferring an imprinting mechanism. However, complex epigenetic regulatory features of the mammalian imprinting center are not present in Drosophila, and allele specific expression of Dube3a has not been documented. We used behavioral and electrophysiological analysis of the Dube3a loss-of-function allele (Dube3a15b) to investigate Dube3a imprinting in fly neurons. We found that motor impairment (climbing ability) and a newly-characterized defect in synaptic transmission are independent of parental inheritance of the Dube3a15b allele. Furthermore, expression analysis of coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Dube3a did not reveal allele specific expression differences among reciprocal crosses. These data indicate that Dube3a is neither imprinted nor preferentially expressed from the maternal allele in fly neurons.
RadioHound: A pervasive sensing platform for sub-6 GHz dynamic spectrum monitoring

We propose to demonstrate and obtain community feedback on the RadioHound system, a custom spectrum sensing network capable of tuning from 25 MHz to 6 GHz, which covers nearly all widely-deployed wireless activity. We describe the system hardware and network infrastructure in detail with a view towards driving the cost, size, and power usage of the sensors as low as possible.
Electrical characterization of USB2 multiplexers/BC1.2 power switches/charging modules for accurate channel simulation

This paper presents a new methodology of modeling multiplexers (MUXs), power switches and charging modules used in the USB2 interfaces. The proposed method yields a quick and accurate representation in both the time and frequency domains which closely matches the results obtained in both simulation and post-silicon measurement. This will be proven in 2 characterization methods; a time-domain channel response and a frequency domain s-parameter response. The proposed method also produces accurate correlation results across varying topologies, process corners and voltage levels. Subsequently, the method seeks to allow the flexibility of modeling these discrete devices to be used in a Design-of-Experiment (DOE) environment. Ultimately, this translates into a time saving benefit as shorter design cycle times are enabled due to the increased correlation and confidence between pre-silicon simulation and post-silicon validation data.
Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are essential for purinergic receptor-mediated angiogenic responses in vasa vasorum endothelial cells.

Angiogenesis is an energy-demanding process; however, the role of cellular energy pathways and their regulation by extracellular stimuli, especially extracellular nucleotides, remain largely unexpl...
Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Contributes to β-Carotene Uptake in the Maternal Liver

Vitamin A regulates many essential mammalian biological processes, including embryonic development. β-carotene is the main source of vitamin A in the human diet. Once ingested, it is packaged into lipoproteins, predominantly low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and transported to different sites within the body, including the liver and developing tissues, where it can either be stored or metabolized to retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives). The molecular mechanisms of β-carotene uptake by the liver or developing tissues remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of the LDL receptor (LDLr) in β-carotene uptake by maternal liver, placenta and embryo. We administered a single dose of β-carotene to Ldlr+/− and Ldlr−/− pregnant mice via intraperitoneal injection at mid-gestation and monitored the changes in β-carotene content among maternal lipoproteins and the liver, as well as the accumulation of β-carotene in the placental–fetal unit. We showed an abnormal β-carotene distribution among serum lipoproteins and reduced hepatic β-carotene uptake in Ldlr−/− dams. These data strongly imply that LDLr significantly contributes to β-carotene uptake in the adult mouse liver. In contrast, LDLr does not seem to mediate acquisition of β-carotene by the placental–fetal unit.
Path-planning for an unmanned aerial vehicle with energy constraint in a search and coverage mission

This paper describes the path planning algorithm for a search and coverage mission using a small UAV that optimizes the trajectory based on energy and maneuverability constraints. The proposed formulation has a high level of autonomy, without relying on the user to make the appropriate choice of optimization parameters. The computed trajectory maximizes spatial coverage while satisfying constraints such as the original flight plan of reaching a desired end state from the initial state for the initial available energy and the maneuverability limitations of the vehicle. Comparisons of this formulation to a path planning algorithm based on time constraint optimization show equivalent coverage performance but improvement in prediction of overall mission duration and terminal position of the vehicle.
One novice teacher and her decisions to address or avoid controversial issues

Abstract Building upon Thornton׳s (1991) work on teachers as “curricular-instructional gatekeepers,” the author explores what guided the curricular decision-making for one novice teacher concerning controversial issues that center on race, social class, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) issues. Qualitative case study revealed context, student demographics, and teacher positionality as influencing this teacher׳s choices regarding these themes in her curriculum. Findings indicated that this teacher was willing and able to challenge racist views in her classroom when she was a student teacher and her students more closely mirrored her own race and social class. When she was a full-time teacher of students who were of a different racial and class background, she was unable to similarly challenge their homophobic beliefs. Implications for teacher education are discussed.
The Emergence and Collapse of Knowledge Boundaries

The dynamics of knowledge transfer is an important topic for engineering managers. In this paper, we study knowledge boundaries—barriers to knowledge transfer—in groups of experts, using topic modeling, a natural language processing technique, applied to transcript data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Circulatory Systems Advisory Panel. As predicted by prior theory, we find that knowledge boundaries emerge as the group faces increasingly challenging problems. Beyond this theory, we find that knowledge boundaries cease to structure communications between communities of practice when the group's expert ability is insufficient to solve its task, such as in the presence of high novelty. We conjecture that the amount of expert knowledge that the group can collectively bring to bear is a determining factor in boundary formation. This implies that some of the factors underlying knowledge boundary formation may aid—rather than hinder—knowledge aggregation. We briefly explore this conjecture using qualitative exploration of several relevant meetings. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for organizations attempting to leverage their expertise given the state of their collective knowledge.
Laparoscopic ischemic conditioning of the stomach increases neovascularization of the gastric conduit in patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer

Background and Objectives Gastric ischemic preconditioning has been proposed to improve blood flow and reduce the incidence of anastomotic complications following esophagectomy with gastric pull-up. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of prolonged ischemic preconditioning on the degree of neovascularization in the distal gastric conduit at the time of esophagectomy. Methods A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified 30 patients who underwent esophagectomy. The patients were divided into three groups: control (no preconditioning, n = 9), partial (short gastric vessel ligation only, n = 8), and complete ischemic preconditioning (left and short gastric vessel ligation, n = 13). Microvessel counts were assessed, using immunohistologic analysis to determine the degree of neovascularization at the distal gastric margin. Results The groups did not differ in age, gender, BMI, pathologic stage, or cancer subtype. Ischemic preconditioning durations were 163 ± 156 days for partial ischemic preconditioning, compared to 95 ± 50 days for complete ischemic preconditioning (P = 0.2). Immunohistologic analysis demonstrated an increase in microvessel counts of 29% following partial ischemic preconditioning (P = 0.3) and 67% after complete ischemic preconditioning (P < 0.0001), compared to controls. Conclusions Our study indicates that prolonged ischemic preconditioning is safe and does not interfere with subsequent esophagectomy. Complete ischemic preconditioning increased neovascularization in the distal gastric conduit.
Immunohistochemical expression of MYB in salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma and basal cell adenoma

Background Basal cell predominant salivary gland neoplasms can be difficult to separate histologically. One of the most aggressive of basaloid salivary gland neoplasms is adenoid cystic carcinoma. MYB expression by immunohistochemistry has been documented in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Some investigators have suggested that using this expression can help in the establishing the diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Utilizing tissue microarrays, we studied a group of basal cell adenocarcinomas and basal cell adenomas to determine: 1) if either tumor expressed MYB, and 2) the frequency of any expression in either. Methods Seventeen salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinomas and 30 salivary gland basal cell adenomas were used to construct microarrays. These tissue microarrays were used to assess for immunohistochemical MYB expression. Results Fifty-three percent (9/17) of salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinomas and 57% (17/30) of salivary gland basal cell adenomas showed MYB over-expression. For comparison we studied 11 adenoid cystic carcinomas for MYB expression and found that 64% (7/11) over-expressed MYB. We found no relation to clinical course for basal adenomas or basal cell adenocarcinomas that overexpressed MYB versus those that did not. Conclusions MYB expression does not help separate basal cell adenocarcinomas from basal cell adenomas and our data suggest it does not differentiate between either of these neoplasms and adenoid cystic carcinoma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Pollution of Streams By Pulp-Mill Wastes

The manufacture of wood pulp is a hydro-chemical process; consequently, pulp mills are always located on streams or canals. Large volumes of water are required and the waste waters which contain th...
Truby King, Infant Welfare and the Boundaries of Eugenics

Sir Frederic Truby King (1858–1938) looms large in the history of New Zealand. Founder of the ‘Plunket Society’ devoted to infant and maternal welfare, prolific author of books and manuals, medical superintendent of the Seacliff Lunatic Asylum, and Director of Child Welfare, King was the first private citizen to be given a state funeral. Today, he figures prominently in the literature on eugenics in New Zealand, where he is often portrayed as a passionate eugenist and advocate of selective breeding. In this chapter, Diane Paul aims to make intelligible both King’s own views and their contemporary interpretation in the popular and scholarly literature, and also to use the King story to reflect on the porous, constantly shifting, and contested boundaries of eugenics.
Seeing Visions: The Persuasive Power of Sight in the Acts of the Apostles1:

Visions play a central role in Acts, as evidenced in the Joel quotation in Peter’s Pentecost speech (Acts 2.17). Although the speeches have received more scholarly attention, the many vision accoun...
Comorbidity and continuity of depression and conduct problems from elementary school to adolescence

Poster Division: Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences: 3rd Place (The Ohio State University Edward F. Hayes Graduate Research Forum)
A Computational Model of Cyber Situational Awareness

A computational model of cyber situational awareness is built using the Cyber-FIT agent-based modeling and simulation framework. This work expands the framework by adding a computational cognitive model of the agents’ perception of cyber situational awareness. Virtual experiments are conducted to test the model, and determine how long it may take for a military cyber team to gain cyber situational awareness.
Nutritional evaluation of Glutenol: a co-product of ethanol production

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of Glutenol, a new coproduct of the ethanol industry. Glutenol was produced by Quality Technology International, Elgin, IL, in a modified wet-milling plant using a hybrid process, NextGenFrac, which fractionates the corn kernel components prior to fermentation without the use of sulfur dioxide. Glutenol was analyzed to contain 52.3% CP, 1.7% Met + Cys, 1.32% Lys, 1.69% Thr, and 2.23% Val on a DM basis. Two precision-fed rooster assays with conventional and cecectomized roosters were conducted to determine TMEn and standardized digestibility of amino acids (AA), respectively. The TMEn of Glutenol was determined to be 3,256 kcal/kg DM. Standardized digestibility values for Lys, Met, Cys, Thr, and Val were 80.1%, 90.4%, 80.1%, 74.1%, 81.1%, and 84.9%, respectively. In addition, a 3-wk broiler chick assay was conducted with increasing levels of dietary Glutenol. Diet 1 was a standard corn/soybean meal diet with 0% Glutenol. Diets 2, 3, and 4 had increasing levels of Glutenol at 4%, 8%, and 12%, respectively. Diets were fed from 3 to 22 d post-hatch and all diets were formulated to be equal in TMEn and digestible AA. Weight gain, feed intake, and gain/feed ratio were measured. No differences in growth performance were observed among dietary treatments. In conclusion, Glutenol can be fed up to at least 12% in the diet of broiler chickens if diets are formulated to be equal in ME and digestible AA.
The Inheritance of Wealth in America

A central fact of social life is that when people die, whatever personal property they have managed to accumulate over their lifetimes is left behind. Since death is inevitable and since “you can’t take it with you,” societies establish rules for the disposition of property at death. This book is about how such property transfers occur in American society.
SOLUTION OF MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS FOR IDEALIZED SINUSOIDAL STRUCTURES

This chapter presents an exact solution of Maxwell's equations. It discusses the aspects of slightly curved wires, extremely curved wires, peculiarity of the field in the stop band, and the effects of oblique excitation. The essential difference between normal and oblique excitation is analogous to the difference between the coaxial and biaxial modes. The chapter presents some of the theoretical aspects of this essential difference but for large S , that is, the wires are extremely curved, the transition from normal to oblique incidence is continuous. The chapter also discusses extrapolation of the solution to a log-periodic case. The current is always attenuated where the radial phase velocity is faster than c , the velocity of light. This is a familiar result that could have been anticipated. However, what might not have been expected is that such an open structure gives a highly effective stop band; that is, the current is attenuated at the rate of hundreds of decibels per wavelength when the wires are extremely curved, the radial phase velocity is slower than c , and the circumferential phase velocity faster than c .
Inorganic nanoporous membranes for immunoisolated cell-based drug delivery.

Materials advances enabled by nanotechnology have brought about promising approaches to improve the encapsulation mechanism for immunoisolated cell-based drug delivery. Cell-based drug delivery is a promising treatment for many diseases but has thus far achieved only limited clinical success. Treatment of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) by transplantation of pancreatic β-cells represents the most anticipated application of cell-based drug delivery technology. This review outlines the challenges involved with maintaining transplanted cell viability and discusses how inorganic nanoporous membranes may be useful in achieving clinical success.
Extensive splicing across the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome

Abstract Pre-mRNA splicing is vital for the proper function and regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a model organism for studies of RNA splicing because of the striking conservation of the spliceosome components and its catalytic activity. Nonetheless, there are relatively few annotated alternative splice forms, particularly when compared to higher eukaryotes. Here, we describe a method to combine large scale RNA sequencing data to accurately discover novel splice isoforms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using our method, we find extensive evidence for novel splicing of annotated intron-containing genes as well as genes without previously annotated introns and splicing of transcripts that are antisense to annotated genes. By incorporating several mutant strains at varied temperatures, we find conditions which lead to differences in alternative splice form usage. Despite this, every class and category of alternative splicing we find in our datasets is found, often at lower frequency, in wildtype cells under normal growth conditions. Together, these findings show that there is widespread splicing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thus expanding our view of the regulatory potential of RNA splicing in yeast. Author Summary Pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental step in eukaryotic gene expression. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as brewer’s yeast, is a model organism for the study of pre-mRNA splicing in eukaryotes. Through the process of pre-mRNA splicing, a single gene is capable of encoding multiple mature mRNA products, but it is often difficult to identify the splice events that lead to these mRNA products. Here, we describe a method to accurately discover novel splice events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and find evidence for extensive splicing in Saccharomyces. By utilizing a variety of strains and growth conditions, we are able to characterize many splice forms and correlate cellular conditions with prevalence of novel splice events.
Degradedness and Secrecy in Memoryless Queues

We study exponential-server timing channels, in which the transmitter encodes a message using a sequence of packet inter-arrival times and the receiver observes the corresponding inter-departure times from an exponential-server queue. We show that if the service rate of one such queue is faster than that of another, then the latter channel is stochastically degraded with respect to the former. This combined with Burke’s theorem implies that the slower queue is more entropy increasing than the first. These facts put together provide a converse for the secrecy capacity of the wiretapped version of the channel, matching an earlier achievability result in the literature.
Archaeological Perspectives on Warfare on the Great Plains: Edited by Andrew J. Clark and Douglas B. Bamforth. 448 pp. Louisville: University Press of Colorado. 2018. US$99.00 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-1-60732-669-4. Ebook, EISBN: 978-1-60732-670-0

Thirty years ago I boarded a plane bound for New Zealand in pursuit of a dissertation focused on warfare and economic power through an analysis of pre-European Maori fortifications. At that time th...
A Nonparametric Control Chart for Dynamic Disease Risk Monitoring

Some deadly diseases can be treated or even prevented if they or some of their symptoms are detected early. Disease early detection and prevention is thus important for our health improvement. In this paper, we suggest a novel and effective new method for disease early detection. By this method, a patient’s risk to the disease is first quantified at each time point by survival data analysis of a training dataset that contains patients’ survival information and longitudinally observed disease predictors (e.g., disease risk factors and other covariates). To improve the effectiveness of the proposed method, variable selection is used in the survival analysis to keep only important disease predictors in disease risk quantification. Then, the longitudinal pattern of the quantified risk is monitored sequentially over time by a nonparametric control chart. A signal will be given by the chart once the cumulative difference between the risk pattern of the patient under monitoring and the risk pattern of a typical person without the disease in concern exceeds a control limit.