cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Virtual orbital transformation prior to configuration interaction with localized orbitals

A virtual orbital transformation is proposed involving pairing of localized occupied orbitals with virtual orbitals. The virtual orbitals are transformed so that each virtual orbital is as “close” as possible to its occupied counterpart, where closeness is the inverse of the particular definition of localization. The appropriate transformation is derived for the special case of Foster–Boys localization, and an illustrative CNDO/2 calculation on HNO is presented. INDO CI results on the series N2, CO, BF indicate that use of this transformation may reduce the number of energetically significant configurations.
The Company Sawmill Town of Norrland, Sweden∗☆

Abstract The morphology of Swedish sawmill settlements points to origins in the manorial factory ( bruk ) traditions associated with late mediaeval iron-making. Subsequent development of a town form reflects an interrelated set of factors including the rise of export trade, shifts in site and location, the decline of patriarchy, adoption of steampower, and independence from subsistence agriculture. Four periods may be recognized in the evolution of the sawmill town: chronologically, the Manorial Factory, Company Town, Twin Town, and Decentralized Industrial Town.
Microsoft Research at TREC 2011 Web Track

This paper describes our entry into the TREC 2011 Web track. We extracted and ranked results from the ClueWeb09 corpus using a parallel processing pipeline that avoids the generation of an inverted file. We describe the components of the parallel architecture and the pipeline, how we ran the TREC experiments, and we present effectiveness results. This paper describes our entry into the TREC 2011 Web track. Our team comprised members from Bing, Microsoft’s search engine, and Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley. We used the DryadLINQ data-parallel processing system [10] on a cluster of about 220 machines to process the half-billion page English-language subset of the ClueWeb09 collection. We also used the Scalable Hyperlink Store [8] running on a cluster of 12 machines to compute SALSA scores for each topic. Our retrieval and ranking pipeline consisted of multiple stages. In the first stage we generated query reformulations, using three different rewriting techniques, all based on the anchor text of co-citing hyperlinks. In the second stage we retrieved results for the original topic, and separately for each reformulation, from the ClueWeb corpus. In the third stage, we computed five features (described below) for each candidate result. In the final stage we used a weighted linear combination to blend these features in each result set followed by a second weighted linear combination to blend the scores of the result sets associated with the original and rewritten topics. We performed four runs, and submitted two of them to both the ad-hoc and the diversity task, and the other two runs to a single task each.
Plant structural complexity and host-finding by a parasitoid.

There are three major components to plant structure relevant to searching parasitoids: 1) plant size or surface area, 2) the variation among plant parts (structural heterogeneity), such as seed heads, flowers and nectaries, and heterogeneous surfaces (e.g. glabrous, hirsute), and 3) the connectivity of parts or plant form (structural complexity). We examined the effect of structural complexity, while controlling for size and structural heterogeneity, on searching behaviors of Trichogramma nubilale in controlled environments. Females were presented with a structurally simple surface and a structurally complex one. Parasitism rates were 2.9 times higher on simple surfaces than on complex ones. Unexpectedly, when no hosts were present, searching time on simple surfaces was 1.2 times higher than on complex surfaces. This implies that structural complexity per se can affect the giving-up-time of a searching parasitoid. Searching efficiency, however, was the dominant process, and females found hosts on simple surfaces 2.4 times faster than on complex surfaces. Structural complexity can have a dramatic effect on the success of parasitoid search.
A self-consistent quantum mechanical simulation of p-channel strained SiGe MOSFETs

In this paper, the authors investigate hole current enhancement in a 25 nm strained SiGe p-channel MOSFET using a fully self-consistent Schrodinger-Monte Carlo-Poisson transport model. The 2D carrier eigenstates are constructed from the solution of the 1D Schrodinger equation along the depth direction, with each slice along the length direction having different set of 1D eigenstates. In most previous approaches, the carriers in the source and drain regions have been treated as 3D particles which requires special treatment of the carriers at the 3D /spl rarr/ 2D interface in order to conserve carrier energy and momentum. In this paper, to avoid this complication and to minimize the errors that are introduced with this approach, the authors extended the quantum simulation domain into the source and drain regions so that no special treatment is needed at the channel boundaries. Furthermore, von Neumann boundary conditions are employed to obtain proper charge density in the ohmic contacts and Dirichlet boundary conditions have been used in the channel region of the device.
Deacylated Pulmonary Surfactant Protein SP-C Transforms From α-Helical to Amyloid Fibril Structure via a pH-Dependent Mechanism: An Infrared Structural Investigation

Bovine pulmonary surfactant protein C (SP-C) is a hydrophobic, α-helical membrane-associated lipoprotein in which cysteines C4 and C5 are acylated with palmitoyl chains. Recently, it has been found that the α-helix form of SP-C is metastable, and under certain circumstances may transform from an α-helix to a β-strand conformation that resembles amyloid fibrils. This transformation is accelerated when the protein is in its deacylated form (dSP-C). We have used infrared spectroscopy to study the structure of dSP-C in solution and at membrane interfaces. Our results show that dSP-C transforms from an α-helical to a β-type amyloid fibril structure via a pH-dependent mechanism. In solution at low pH, dSP-C is α-helical in nature, but converts to an amyloid fibril structure composed of short β-strands or β-hairpins at neutral pH. The α-helix structure of dSP-C is fully recoverable from the amyloid β-structure when the pH is once again lowered. Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy of lipid-protein monomolecular films showed that the fibril β-form of dSP-C is not surface-associated at the air-water interface. In addition, the lipid-associated α-helix form of dSP-C is only retained at the surface at low surface pressures and dissociates from the membrane at higher surface pressures. In situ polarization modulation infrared spectroscopy of protein and lipid-protein monolayers at the air-water interface confirmed that the residual dSP-C helix conformation observed in the attenuated total reflectance infrared spectra of transferred films is randomly or isotropically oriented before exclusion from the membrane interface. This work identifies pH as one of the mechanistic causes of amyloid fibril formation for dSP-C, and a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.
A new species of Lepidodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from Panama with a description of its peptidergic nervous system using CLSM, anti-FMRFamide and anti-SCPB

A new species of Lepidodasys (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida: Lepidodasyidae) is described from sublittoral sediments in the Bocas del Toro archipelago in Panama and represents the first species of Lepidodasyidae described from the Caribbean. The new species possesses keeled scales that form a crossed-helical pattern across its dorsal and lateral surfaces and ventral scales that form a herringbone pattern between and lateral to the ciliary columns. A bilateral pair of three ventral adhesive tubes at the posterior end further differentiates this new species from its seven congeners. A confocal laser scanning microscope examination of the nervous system using antibodies to small cardioactive peptide B (SCPB) and FMRFamides reveals a dumbbell-shape cerebral ganglion, paired pharyngeal neurites and paired posterior nerve cords. Expression patterns of immunoreactivity to both classes of neuropeptides show a high degree of similarity. Only within the lateral somata of the cerebral ganglion and a single median pharyngeal neurite is there a difference in immunoreactivity to FMRFamide (positive) compared to SCPB (negative). Results from this investigation reveal that neuropeptides, among other neuronal markers, might provide phylogenetically informative characters in macrodasyidan gastrotrichs, especially regarding the topology of the cerebral ganglion.
Comparison of vertical sleeve gastrectomy versus biliopancreatic diversion.

Background: Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) was originally performed as the first-stage of biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) for superobesity as a strategy to reduce perioperative complications and morbidity. VSG is now considered a definitive procedure because of its technical simplicity and promising outcomes. Aims: To analyze the outcomes of laparoscopic VSG and to compare them with those of single-stage laparoscopic BPD/DS. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 200 consecutive patients who underwent VSG and BPD/DS between 2008 and 2011. Results: A total of 100 patients underwent laparoscopic VSG and 100 patients underwent laparoscopic BPD/DS. The patients in VSG group were older, but gender distribution and body mass index were comparable. Mean operative time for VSG was significantly shorter compared with that of BPD/DS. A single patient in each groups required open conversion. Staple line leak ( n = 1) and intraluminal hemorrhage into the newly-created sleeve ( n = 1) occurred in the BPD/DS group. Mean length of stay was shorter after VSG (3.1 vs. 3.9 days). At 6 months postoperatively, excess weight loss between the two groups revealed statistically significant difference, favoring BPD/DS. Conclusions: Despite promising outcomes and technical simplicity of VSG, BPD/DS provides significantly superior excess weight loss in morbidly obese patients.
Soil CO2 flux from a norfolk loamy sand after 25 years of conventional and conservation tillage

Tillage affects the ability of coarse-textured soils of the southeastern USA to sequester C. Our objectives were to compare tillage methods for soil CO2 flux, and determine if chemical or physical properties after 25 years of conventional or conservation tillage correlated with flux rates. Data were collected for several weeks during June and July in 2003, October and November in 2003, and April to July in 2004 from a tillage study established in 1978 on a Norfolk loamy sand (fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kandiudults). Conventional tillage consisted of disking to a depth of approximately 15 cm followed by smoothing with an S-tined harrow equipped with rolling baskets. Conservation tillage consisted of direct seeding into surface residues. Flux rates in conservation tillage averaged 0.84 g CO2 m � 2 h � 1 in Summer 2003, 0.36 g CO2 m � 2 h � 1 in Fall 2003, 0.46 g CO2 m � 2 h � 1 in Spring 2004, and 0.86 g CO2 m � 2 h � 1 in Summer 2004. Flux rates from conventional tillage were greater for most measurement times. Conversely, water content of the surface soil layer (6.5 cm) was almost always higher with conservation tillage. Soil CO2 flux was highly correlated with soil water content only in conventional tillage. In conservation tillage, no significant correlations occurred between soil CO2 flux and soil N, C, C:N ratio, pH, bulk density, sand fraction, or clay fraction of the surface 7.5 cm. In conventional tillage, sand fraction was positively correlated, while bulk density and clay fraction were negatively correlated with soil CO2 flux rate, but only when the soil was moist. Long-term conservation tillage management resulted in more uniform withinand across-season soil CO2 flux rates that were less affected by precipitation events. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Programming Bounded Rationality

Research on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics helps to understand problems of rationality. Autonomous robots have to act and react in complex environments under constraints of their bounded resources. Simple daily tasks are much more difficult to implement than playing chess. Soccer playing robots are considered as test field for rational behavior. Our implementations are inspired by the belief-desire-intention model.
Activity and Toxicity of Farnesol towards Candida albicans Are Dependent on Growth Conditions

Farnesol interacts with Candida albicans as both a quorum-sensing molecule and toxic agent, but confusion abounds regarding which conditions promote these distinct responses. Farnesol sensitivity was measured when inoculum cell history and size, temperature, and growth media were altered. Parameters for farnesol tolerance/sensitivity were defined, validating previous studies and identifying new variables, such as energy availability. This study clearly defines what farnesol concentrations are lethal to C. albicans, based on environmental conditions.
Providing Timely Examples Improves the Quantity and Quality of Generated Ideas

Emerging online ideation platforms with thousands of example ideas provide an important resource for creative production. But how can ideators best use these examples to create new innovations? Recent work has suggested that not just the choice of examples, but also the timing of their delivery can impact creative outcomes. Building on existing cognitive theories of creative insight, we hypothesize that people are likely to benefit from examples when they run out of ideas. We explore two example delivery mechanisms that test this hypothesis: 1) a system that proactively provides examples when a user appears to have run out of ideas, and 2) a system that provides examples when a user explicitly requests them. Our online experiment (N=97) compared these two mechanisms against two baselines: providing no examples and automatically showing examples at a regular interval. Participants who requested examples themselves generated ideas that were rated the most novel by external evaluators. Participants who received ideas automatically when they appeared to be stuck produced the most ideas. Importantly, participants who received examples at a regular interval generated fewer ideas than participants who received no examples, suggesting that mere access to examples is not sufficient for creative inspiration. These results emphasize the importance of the timing of example delivery. Insights from this study can inform the design of collective ideation support systems that help people generate many high quality ideas.
Efficient Techniques for Online Record Linkage

The need to consolidate the information contained in heterogeneous data sources has been widely documented in recent years. In order to accomplish this goal, an organization must resolve several types of heterogeneity problems, especially the entity heterogeneity problem that arises when the same real-world entity type is represented using different identifiers in different data sources. Statistical record linkage techniques could be used for resolving this problem. However, the use of such techniques for online record linkage could pose a tremendous communication bottleneck in a distributed environment (where entity heterogeneity problems are often encountered). In order to resolve this issue, we develop a matching tree, similar to a decision tree, and use it to propose techniques that reduce the communication overhead significantly, while providing matching decisions that are guaranteed to be the same as those obtained using the conventional linkage technique. These techniques have been implemented, and experiments with real-world and synthetic databases show significant reduction in communication overhead.
Systematic profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans locomotive behaviors reveals additional components in G-protein Gαq signaling

Genetic screens have been widely applied to uncover genetic mechanisms of movement disorders. However, most screens rely on human observations of qualitative differences. Here we demonstrate the application of an automatic imaging system to conduct a quantitative screen for genes regulating the locomotive behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. Two hundred twenty-seven neuronal signaling genes with viable homozygous mutants were selected for this study. We tracked and recorded each animal for 4 min and analyzed over 4,400 animals of 239 genotypes to obtain a quantitative, 10-parameter behavioral profile for each genotype. We discovered 87 genes whose inactivation causes movement defects, including 50 genes that had never been associated with locomotive defects. Computational analysis of the high-content behavioral profiles predicted 370 genetic interactions among these genes. Network partition revealed several functional modules regulating locomotive behaviors, including sensory genes that detect environmental conditions, genes that function in multiple types of excitable cells, and genes in the signaling pathway of the G protein Gαq, a protein that is essential for animal life and behavior. We developed quantitative epistasis analysis methods to analyze the locomotive profiles and validated the prediction of the γ isoform of phospholipase C as a component in the Gαq pathway. These results provided a system-level understanding of how neuronal signaling genes coordinate locomotive behaviors. This study also demonstrated the power of quantitative approaches in genetic studies.
Comparing Happiness and Hypomania Risk: A Study of Extraversion and Neuroticism Aspects

Positive affect has long been considered a hallmark of subjective happiness. Yet, high levels of positive affect have also been linked with hypomania risk: a set of cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics that constitute a dispositional risk for future episodes of hypomania and mania. At a personality level, two powerful predictors of affective experience are extraversion and neuroticism: extraversion has been linked to positive affect, and neuroticism to negative affect. As such, a single personality trait – extraversion – has been linked to both beneficial and harmful outcomes associated with positivity. It is clear that positive affect, in different forms, has divergent consequences for well-being, but previous research has struggled to articulate the nature of these differences. We suggest that the relationship between affect and well-being needs to be situated within the psychological context of the individual – both in terms of more specific forms of extraversion and neuroticism, but also in terms of interactions among personality aspects. Consistent with this idea, we found that two aspects of extraversion (enthusiasm and assertiveness) differentially predicted subjective happiness from hypomania risk and two aspects of neuroticism (volatility and withdrawal) interacted to predict hypomania risk: the highest levels of hypomania risk were associated with the combination of high volatility and low withdrawal. These findings underscore the importance of examining personality at the right level of resolution to understand well-being and dysfunction.
VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEAWEED SPORES IN A WATER COLUMN OFFSHORE OF NORTH CAROLINA1

Differences in the vertical distribution of seaweed spores in a 20 m water column 30 km off the coast of North Carolina were documented. Spores were collected on plastic, and glass slides that were subsequently transferred to incubator cultures where germlings were grown and counted. Spores of green algae and bangiophycidean red algae were collected throughout the water column, whereas spores of brown algae and florideophycidean red algae occurred almost exclusively near the bottom. The occurrence of some kinds of spores in the upper water levels suggests relatively large dispersal shadows for those species. The taxa recovered in the upper levels were typically opportunistic organisms, many of them epiphytes. The collection of many Enteromorpha individuals in the upper and mid levels was of particular interest since locally this genus only occurs in abundance in shallow water habitats 35 km or more from the study site.
Radiation-induced breast sarcoma

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the presentation, treatment, and prognosis of patients with radiation-induced sarcomas after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. Methods This was a retrospective review from 1975 to 2001 of patients who presented with a sarcoma in an irradiated field after surgical treatment for breast cancer. Results Thirty-four women were included. Six had undergone breast-conserving therapy and 28 had mastectomy for primary breast carcinoma. All patients received postoperative radiation. The mean time to diagnosis of sarcoma was 152 months (range 40 to 372). Twenty-three of 34 patients (68%) had recurrence of the sarcoma after resection, and 22 patients (65%) died of their disease. Patients with no evidence of disease at follow-up had a mean tumor size of 4.2 cm ± 0.7 (n = 6), compared with 8.1 cm ± 1.2 (n = 10) for patients who died of their disease ( P = 0.030). Conclusions Radiation-induced sarcoma is a late complication of definitive treatment for breast carcinoma. The prognosis of such patients is poor, with two thirds dying of their disease. In the present series, improved survival was associated with smaller tumor size at presentation.
The importance of narcissism in predicting proactive and reactive aggression in moderately to highly aggressive children

The present study examined the importance of psychopathy-linked narcissism in predicting proactive and reactive aggression and conduct problems in a group of 160 moderately to highly aggressive children (mean age of 10 years, 9 months). Children's self-report of self-esteem and parent and teacher report of dimensions of psychopathy [narcissism, callous-unemotional (CU) traits, and impulsivity], proactive and reactive aggression, and conduct problems were collected. Composites of parent and teacher ratings of children's behavior were used. Consistent with the study's hypotheses, narcissism predicted unique variance in both proactive and reactive aggression, even when controlling for other dimensions of psychopathy, demographic variables associated with narcissism, and the alternative subtype of aggression. As hypothesized, impulsivity was significantly associated with only reactive aggression. CU traits were not related to proactive or reactive aggression once the control variables were entered. All dimensions of psychopathy predicted unique variance in conduct problems. Consistent with prediction, narcissism was not significantly related to general self-esteem, providing support that narcissism and self-esteem are different constructs. Furthermore, narcissism and self-esteem related differentially to proactive aggression, reactive aggression, and conduct problems. Furthermore, narcissism but not self-esteem accounted for unique variance in aggression and conduct problems. The importance of narcissism in the prediction of aggressive behaviors and clinical implications are discussed.
Liposomal Bupivicaine Reduces Narcotic Use and Time to Flatus in Patients Undergoing Laparotomy

RESULTS: There were 948 OVHRs, 400 LWM, and 548 MWM. The MWM patients tended to be more complex than LWM patients, with longer operative times, larger defects requiring larger meshes and more component separations, more frequent panniculectomy, and longer inpatient stay (Table, p 0.05)(Table).QOLscores were no different at 1, 6, or 12 months (p>0.05).
One-year outcomes of rosuvastatin versus placebo in sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: prospective follow-up of SAILS randomised trial

Background Prior randomised trials have evaluated statins in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but there has been no comprehensive evaluation of long-term effects, despite potential neuromuscular and mental health adverse effects of these drugs. Aim To evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin versus placebo on survival, physical function and performance, and mental health outcomes in patients with sepsis-associated ARDS. Methods Prospective follow-up evaluation of the ARDS Clinical Trials Network Statins for Acutely Injured Lungs from Sepsis trial of rosuvastatin versus placebo in 568 mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis-associated ARDS, with blinded 6-month outcome assessment performed in the 272 eligible survivors for age-adjusted and sex-adjusted 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical function and mental health domains, and in 84 eligible survivors for the 6 min walk test, along with secondary outcomes evaluations of survival, and additional patient-reported and performance-based measures at 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Results Over 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in cumulative survival in the rosuvastatin versus placebo groups (58% vs 61%; p=0.377), with survivors demonstrating substantial impairments in physical function and mental health. Rosuvastatin versus placebo had no effect (mean treatment effect (95% CI)) on SF-36 physical function (0 (−7 to 8), p=0.939) or mental health (−6 (−12 to 1) p=0.085) domains, 6 min walk distance (per cent predicted: 2 (−9 to 14), p=0.679) or the vast majority of secondary outcomes. Conclusions Over 1-year follow-up, patients with sepsis-associated ARDS had high cumulative mortality, with survivors commonly experiencing impairments in physical functioning and performance, and mental health. Randomisation to rosuvastatin had no effect on these outcomes. Trial registration number NCT00979121 and NCT00719446.
Review: The Lacrimal Gland and Its Role in Dry Eye

The human tear film is a 3-layered coating of the surface of the eye and a loss, or reduction, in any layer of this film may result in a syndrome of blurry vision and burning pain of the eyes known as dry eye. The lacrimal gland and accessory glands provide multiple components to the tear film, most notably the aqueous. Dysfunction of these glands results in the loss of aqueous and other products required in ocular surface maintenance and health resulting in dry eye and the potential for significant surface pathology. In this paper, we have reviewed products of the lacrimal gland, diseases known to affect the gland, and historical and emerging dry eye therapies targeting lacrimal gland dysfunction.
Effect of castration upon susceptibility to MEF1 poliomyelitis virus inoculated intraperitoneally in hamsters.

Summary1. A significant proportion of castrated male hamsters inoculated with MEF1 virus intraperitoneally developed paralytic poliomyelitis, whereas non-castrated controls were completely refractory to the virus by this route. 2. Enhancement of susceptibility observed immediately after castration was found to be reversed during the compensatory stage 2 weeks later. 3. The effect of castration upon susceptibility to experimental poliomyelitis was synergistic with cortisone during the initial stage, but antagonistic during the compensatory stage.
The binding of benz [a] anthracene to replicating and nonreplicating DNA in cell culture.

SummaryReplicating and nonreplicating DNA were isolated in an isopycnic density gradient from cultured fetal mouse skin cells after incubation with 5-bromodeoxyuridine for 20 hr. Benz[a]anthracene, when incubated in the cultures simultaneously with bromodeoxyuridine, binds to both replicating and nonreplicating DNA. The binding of benz[a]anthracene to mouse DNA is considerably less than that previously reported for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
The Challenge of Political Right

For politics to measure up to reason, two requirements have long been acknowledged: first, that the ends of political action be universal, and second, that the pursuit of such universal ends consist in political self-determination; that is, in self-government.
The assumed modes method with static constraint modes

Tullahoma, Tennessee 37388 /9049~~/ The continuous and discrete versions of the assumed modes method are presented in terms of static constraint modes. For a linear structure, both versions lead to formally the same mass and stiffness matrices. It is shown that the assumed modes method acts as a unifying framework for several standard structural dynamics techniques. This realization leads to a better understanding of the interrelationships between those methods and provides a basis for possible improvements.
LA ECONOMÍA POLÍTICA DE LA SANIDAD COLONIAL EN GUINEA ECUATORIAL

Las intervenciones medicas desempenaron un papel importante en la colonizacion de Africa. La morbilidad y la enfermedad fueron una preocupacion constante de los medicos, militares, cientificos, politicos, colonos y miembros de las ordenes religiosas. El papel de la medicina y la ciencia en la arquitectura de la administracion colonial esta ligado, por lo tanto, de manera inextricable, a la legitimizacion de la ocupacion y a los proyectos de ‘mision civilizadora’. El desarrollo de un discurso biomedico como parte del proceso colonizador de Espana en los Territorios espanoles del Golfo de Guinea contribuyo desde el primer momento a la construccion de lo que entendemos por “Africa”, y del cuerpo africano como locus de la enfermedad, necesitado de reparacion social y sujeto de conocimiento y observacion por parte del estado colonial represor. Las tecnologias biomedicas sirvieron como instrumentos de consolidacion de las estructuras coloniales, en particular durante la primera mitad del siglo XX. El presente ensayo responde a las siguientes preguntas: ?como se gesto y se aplico, y que especificidades caracterizo, el conocimiento biomedico espanol? ?Como se puso en circulacion en la Guinea colonial y en la Espana metropolitana? ?Hasta que punto contribuyo a solidificar la arquitectura del poder colonial? En los regimenes dictatoriales postcoloniales, la salud y el miedo se fusionan con frecuencia bajo una misma categoria, para actuar como estratagemas de represion socio-politica. La patologia sistemica de las dictaduras incorpora, como parte de su etiologia, manifestaciones clinicas que incluyen la obstruccion de valores democraticos y el fomento de las desigualdades socio-economicas. La reapropiacion de determinados aspectos del aparato biomedico colonial es, por consiguiente, instrumental para problematizar cuestiones de duracion, de reproduccion y de repeticion en los regimenes actuales.
Atoms and nuclei

All material is composed of elements whose chemical interaction depends on the number of electrons. Light is absorbed and emitted in the form of photons when atomic electrons jump between orbits. Isotopes of elements differ according to the number of nucleons. Nuclei are much smaller than atoms and contain most of the mass of the atom. The nucleons are bound together by a net force in which the nuclear attraction forces exceed the electrostatic repulsion forces. Energy must be supplied to dissociate a nucleus into its components. The force of electrostatic repulsion between like charges, which varies inversely as the square of their separation, would be expected to be so large that nuclei could not be formed. The fact that they do exist is evidence that there is an even larger force of attraction. The most elementary concept is that matter is composed of individual particles—atoms—that retain their identity as elements in ordinary physical and chemical interactions. Thus, a collection of helium atoms that forms a gas has a total weight that is the sum of the weights of the individual atoms.
Abstract 944: The effects of GnRH-(1-5) on endometrial cancer cell lines

The Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is a central regulator of reproductive function and behavior. In the periphery, GnRH is secreted by gynecologic tissues to exert local effects. Furthermore, GnRH is processed in the extracellular environment by the metalloendopeptidase EP24.15 to generate the bioactive metabolite, GnRH-(1-5). We have previously demonstrated that GnRH-(1-5) transactivates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway to promote cell migration by binding the orphan receptor GPR101 in the Ishikawa and ECC-1 endometrial cancer cell lines. In this study, we sought to determine whether the effects of GnRH-(1-5) were dependent on the stage of the endometrial cancer. Cell lines ACI-181, ACI-52, and ACI-80 derived from endometrial cancers representative of stages 1, 2, and 3 respectively were tested in their response to GnRH-(1-5) treatment. Furthermore, the expression of GPR101 was confirmed by western blot analysis. Treatment with 100nM GnRH-(1-5) did not have significant changes in phospho-EGFR (pEGFR) levels in all ACI cell lines. However, subsequent measurement of ERK phosphorylation demonstrated that ACI-181 cells treated with GnRH-(1-5) had significantly (p Funding Sources: This research was supported by grants from the John P. Murtha Cancer Center at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center through the Uniformed Services University and the National Science Foundation (IOS-1052288). Citation Format: Darwin O. Larco, Madelaine J. Cho-Clark, Maya Sorini, Cameron Lee, T. John Wu. The effects of GnRH-(1-5) on endometrial cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 944.
Evidence-Based Treatment for Metatarsus Adductus

Metatarsus adductus (MA) is a common congenital foot deformity; often attributed to “packaging disorders”. It is usually an isolated deformity; however it can be part of a more complex foot deformity such as a club foot or skew foot. Natural history of untreated isolated MA appears favourable and treatment is often not required. Conservative treatments such as serial casting, orthosis, modified shoe wears are widely practiced. There is no evidence to show that conservative treatments are superior to no treatment. Surgical treatments should be reserved for metatarsus adductus associated with other congenital deformity such as residual club foot or skew foot.
Limitations of the Current Standards of Care for Treating Gout and Crystal Deposition in the Primary Care Setting: A Review.

Abstract Purpose This article outlines several important issues regarding the management of patients with gout. The topics discussed include best practices for gout based on the most current guidelines, opportunities for improving gout management, and current and emerging therapies for gout. Methods [PubMed and Google Scholar databases] were search for all articles and trials published before 2016, using the key terms [ hyperuricemia, gout, tophi, joint erosion, joint damage, treatment guidelines, American College of Rheumatology (ACR), European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR), flare, comorbidity, epidemiology, adherence, serum uric acid (sUA), monosodium urate (MSU), 6 mg/dL, MSU crystal formation, as well as individual drug names and classes of treatments of interest (allopurinol, febuxostat, colchicine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) ]. Studies were selected that presented data on gout treatment, including drugs under development, and on the management of gout from both the physician and patient perspectives. The reference lists of identified articles were searched manually for additional publications. Findings Gout, a progressive debilitating form of inflammatory arthritis, is caused by factors that elevate serum uric acid (sUA) levels, leading to hyperuricemia. Continued elevated sUA can result in monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints and soft tissues, causing acute and chronic inflammation. Crystal deposition can lead to chronic gout, with an increased number of flares, tophi development, and structural joint damage. The aims of gout treatment are to reduce the sUA level to Implications Patients need to be educated about their diagnosis and management of the disease, such as the importance of compliance with long-term treatment. Gout treatment may also confounded by contraindications to current standards of therapy and the limitations of current treatment paradigms. Recently approved medications, as well as drugs under development, may provide new ways for reaching the sUA target and also "curing" the disease.
The Integration of Technology into Treatment Programs to Aid in the Reduction of Chronic Pain.

In the United States, roughly $600 billion is spent on pain management – usually in the form of addictive opioid drugs. Due to the dangers associated with long-term opiate-based pain medication, the development of additional strategies for chronic pain management is warranted. The advent of smartphones and associated technology has provided healthcare providers with a unique opportunity to provide pain management support. This review summarizes of the use of technology to supplement chronic pain management regimens. Smartphone and internetbased applications that employ online journals facilitate improved communication between patient and clinician and allow for more personalized care and improved pain management. For instance, the e-Ouch application provides a platform for pain logs as well as feedback and coaching to patients via Twitter postings and blogs. Other applications provide online resources and blogs to improve patient education, which has shown to relieve patient symptoms through lifestyle modification. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on the psychological coping mechanisms. The application of technology and smartphone apps toward pain management shows promise toward reducing the use of opioids in pain management, but has yet to be incorporated as a standard practice. More robust studies critically evaluating the efficacy of these technology-based therapies need to be conducted before standardization and insurance coverage can become reality.
Towards More Efficient, Greener Syntheses through Flow Chemistry

Technological advances have an important role in the design of greener synthetic processes. In this Personal Account, we describe a wide range of thermal, photochemical, catalytic, and biphasic chemical transformations examined by our group. Each of these demonstrate how the merits of a continuous flow synthesis platform can align with some of the goals put forth by the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. In particular, we illustrate the potential for improved reaction efficiency in terms of atom economy, product yield and reaction rates, the ability to design synthetic process with chemical and solvent waste reduction in mind as well as highlight the benefits of the real-time monitoring capabilities in flow for highly controlled synthetic output.
Coaching and mentoring in higher education: a step-by-step guide to exemplary practice

Andreanoff’s book, Coaching and mentoring in higher education: A step-by-step guide to exemplary practice offers a well-developed, step-by-step plan to create and support coaching and mentoring pro...
Different properties of the atrial G protein-gated K+ channels activated by extracellular ATP and adenosine

Extracellular ATP (ATPo) and adenosine activate G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ currents in atrial cells. Earlier studies have suggested that the two agonists may use separate pathways to activate the K+ current. Therefore, we examined whether the K+ channels activated by the two agonists have different properties under identical ionic conditions. In cell-attached patches, K+ channels activated by 100 microM ATP in the pipette had a single-channel conductance and mean open time of 32.0 +/- 0.2 pS and 0.5 +/- 0.1 ms, respectively, compared with 31.3 +/- 0.3 pS and 0.9 +/- 0.1 ms for the K+ channels activated by adenosine (140 mM KCl). With ATPo as the agonist, the K+ channel activity in cell-attached patches was approximately threefold lower than that in inside-out patches with 100 microM GTP in the bath. Applying ATP to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane (ATPi) produced a biphasic concentration-dependent effect on channel activity: an increase at low [mean affinity constant (K0.5) = 190 microM] and a decrease at high (K0.5 = 1.3 mM) concentrations. In contrast, with adenosine as the agonist, K+ channel activity in cell-attached patches was approximately fourfold greater than that in inside-out patches with 100 microM GTP in the bath. In inside-out patches, ATPi only augmented the K+ channel activity (K0.5 = 32 microM). These results show that although both ATPo and adenosine activate kinetically similar K+ channels in atrial cells, the channels are regulated differently by intracellular nucleotides.
DIVERSITY AND FAUNAL COMPOSITION IN SHELL FRAGMENTS

Abstract: Quantifying the history of biodiversity requires counts of fossil specimens to estimate the number of individuals per taxon in a sample. Counting fragments of individuals may introduce biases that are not present when examining only whole body fossils or other non-repeating skeletal elements that represent a known fraction of an individual (e.g., one valve of a bivalve representing half an individual). This study reports on biases revealed by quantitative comparisons of counts of non-repeating skeletal elements of Pleistocene bivalves (hinge fragments and whole valves) with counts of other shell fragments (non-hinge fragments). Compared to the hinge fragments and whole valves, non-hinge fragments yielded lower measured diversity with specific biases toward large-sized species and species whose shell microstructure was foliated or nacreous. The faunal composition preserved in non-hinge fragments was distinct from that preserved in whole valves and hinge fragments according to multivariate analysi...
Sikh Mysticism and Sensuous Reproductions

Guru Nanak’s mystical experience of the singular infinite reality is the nub that holds together 25 million Sikh adherents worldwide. His Japji, the inaugural hymn in Sikh scripture, delineates an ever-widening voyage through the five spheres of dharam (morality), gyan (knowledge), saram (aesthetics), and karam (action), culminating in sach (truth). These five have a metaphysical quality, and are regarded as the quintessential illustration of the Sikh mystical journey. However, the penultimate stanza of Nanak’s Japji (#38) morphs these five into a rather practical training manual. This short stanza (studied here in seven lines), which is often neglected in the study of Sikh mysticism, not only renders the mystical experience but also offers an intriguing allegory of a goldsmith working patiently and creatively in the smithy. We get a picture of what Guru Nanak profoundly experienced but could not quite express in his preceding verse. This chapter closely analyses Japji 38 in order to retrieve the fullness of the Sikh mystical experience. How does it synthesize the sonic, semantic, and existential aspects to create a sensuous quartet that is Sikh mysticism?
The Relationship Between Faculty Members’ Passion for Work and Well-Being

The present study considered the dualistic nature of passion to examine whether passion toward work predicted hedonic (life satisfaction and subjective happiness) and eudaimonic (sense of purpose) well-being. Faculty members (N = 177) completed questionnaires assessing harmonious and obsessive passions for work, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, and three constructs related to sense of purpose in life: awakening to purpose, awareness of purpose, and altruistic purpose. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the extent to which passion toward work explained variance in both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Findings indicated that in contrast to obsessive passion, harmonious work passion emerged as a positive predictor of life satisfaction and subjective happiness. Findings also showed that harmonious and obsessive passion toward work positively predicted awareness of life purpose and altruistic purpose. However, awakening to purpose was predicted by obsessive work passion only. Overall, findings highlighted that harmonious passion for work may play a salient role in individuals’ well-being and that faculty with obsessive work passion may feel compelled to search for one’s life purpose.
A Mechanism for Generating Precise Temporal Patterns of Activity Using Prosthetic Stimulation

Retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, two of the leading causes of blindness, result in more than 100,000 cases per year in the United States alone [1–4]. Each disease has many etiologies but they both lead to a degeneration of photoreceptors, resulting in a loss of visual function. Cells in the proximal retina remain morphologically intact [5–7], and electrical stimulation from electrodes placed close to the ganglion cell layer elicits light percepts in human patients [8, 9]. This indicates that the ganglion cells and their pathways to visual cortex remain viable, even in patients who have had no light perception for many years. Several research groups are developing retinal prosthetic devices with the hope of providing meaningful visual information to blind patients [8–11]. To be effective, these prosthetic devices should generate patterns of activity that resemble patterns normally evoked by light. This means that the device should be capable of replicating the temporal properties of light-elicited spike trains from normal retina, while spatially confining the response to a focal region – ideally a single ganglion cell. In addition, there are approximately 12 different types of ganglion cells [12]; each population generates a unique spiking pattern that is carried to a distinct downstream visual site (in both cortical and non-cortical areas). This means that the prosthetic device must be capable of matching the appropriate spiking pattern to the correct cell type. In this study, we focused on the first component of duplicating light responses – replicating the temporal patterns generated by light in normal retina. Maximum spike rates in normal retina can exceed 250Hz [13], but not all cell types respond with an equal number and/or pattern of spikes, so the prosthetic device must be capable of generating a wide range of spike frequencies and patterns. Variations in spike frequency are also important within a single cell
Organ Preservation in Head and Neck Cancer

Publisher Summary Organ-function preservation is applied to those situations in which the alternative treatment strategy is a surgery that results in substantial impairment of speech or swallowing function. Organ preservation, or more precisely, organ function conservation, can be achieved by combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy and reserving surgery to manage the neck, when indicated. The two nonsurgical strategies that have been tested extensively are induction chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in responding patients and concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A combination of chemotherapy with a platinum agent and 5-fluorouracil has been utilized in the majority of clinical trials demonstrating benefits in local control and survival. However, this combination of chemotherapy is frequently associated with significant local-regional toxicity as well as hematologic toxicity. Concomitant, single-agent, low-dose daily cisplatin is an alternative to combination chemotherapy, as this regimen has demonstrated improved local control, progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival in two well-controlled trials when administered with conventional fractionation or hyperfractionated radiotherapy.