cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Temporomandibular Joints of Children.

Purpose To identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) in healthy children. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of children younger than 18 years undergoing MRI of the head for non-autoimmune indications at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (Atlanta, GA). Patients with congenital or acquired conditions associated with potential TMJ pathology were excluded. Medical records and MRIs were reviewed to document demographic data. Three neuroradiologists independently recorded specific predetermined MRI findings of the TMJ. The outcome variable was the presence or absence of TMJ findings at MRI. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used to identify associations (significant at P ≤ .05). Results Eighty-seven patients (54 boys, 33 girls; mean age, 11.2 yr) met the inclusion criteria. Seventy percent of TMJs had condylar enhancement, 64% of joints had glenoid marginal synovial enhancement, 56% had condylar margin synovial enhancement, and 19% had condylar T1 hyperintense signal. There were no joints with condylar erosion, condylar volume loss, or effusion. Findings of normal marrow development were decreased condylar enhancement and greater condylar T1 signal with increased age. Conclusion This study found a greater than 60% prevalence of synovial enhancement in healthy children. In a healthy child, MRI findings of TMJ synovial enhancement should be carefully correlated with a clinical evaluation.
Low-Power, 8-Channel EEG Recorder and Seizure Detector ASIC for a Subdermal Implantable System

EEG remains the mainstay test for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy. Unfortunately, ambulatory EEG systems are far from ideal for patients who have infrequent seizures. These systems only last up to 3 days and if a seizure is not captured during the recordings, a definite diagnosis of the patient’s condition cannot be given. This work aims to address this need by proposing a subdermal implantable, eight-channel EEG recorder and seizure detector that has two modes of operation: diagnosis and seizure counting. In the diagnosis mode, EEG is continuously recorded until a number of seizures are recorded. In the seizure counting mode, the system uses a low-power algorithm to track the number of seizures a patient has, providing doctors with a reliable count to help determine medication efficacy or other clinical endpoint. An ASIC that implements the EEG recording and seizure detection algorithm was designed and fabricated in a 0.18 $\mu{\rm m}$ CMOS process. The ASIC includes eight EEG channels and is designed to minimize the system’s power and size. The result is a power-efficient analog front end that requires 2.75 $\mu{\rm W}$ per channel in diagnosis mode and 0.84 $\mu{\rm W}$ per channel in seizure counting mode. Both modes have an input referred noise of approximately 1.1 $\mu{\rm Vrms}$ .
The Current Therapeutic Status of Renal Artery Stenosis

Renal artery stenosis is associated with morbidity and mortality consequent to progressive ischemic renal failure and the cardiovascular consequences of hypertension. There is considerable uncertainty concerning the optimal management of affected patients. This review compares the results of clinical studies. Medical therapy is the main method used. Comparing medical and surgical therapies, current data shows that there is certain predominance given to interventional therapy. Surgery is still seen as a good option. Although still the subject of research, some new techniques and instruments for interventional therapy, such as a distal protection device and drug-eluting stent, have already been used in clinic, although. The results of larger, multicentre, randomised, controlled trials are required to clarify and support interventional therapy in renal artery stenosis patients.
Effect of exercise training on ET-1, NO and CGRP blood concentration in patients with CAD after CABC/PICA/

Objective: To investigate the effect of exercise training on endothelins (ET-1), nitrogen monoxide (NO) and calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) blood concentration in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after CABG/PTCA, and explore the relationship between cardiac rehabilitation exercise training and cardiovascular endothelial function. Methods: A total of 66 patients with CAD after PTCA/CABG were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into rehabilitation exercise training group and conventional care group. The patients of exercise training group got 12 weeks of exercise training and conventional care. The exercise program provided supervised conditioning for patients in rehabilitation department. The conventional group only had conventional care. The Plasm ET-1, CGRP and NO concentrations were examined at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment from all patients. Results: After exercise training the ET-1 level decreased, NO and CGRP level increased (P0. 05 all) in exercise training group. There were significantly differences (P0. 05) in ET-1 ,NO and CGRP level between exercise training group and conventional care group after 12 weeks. The ET-1, NO and CGRP levels were no significantly differences (P0. 05) after 12 weeks care in conventional care group. Conclusion: The rehabilitation exercise training can improve endothelium function in patient with CAD.
Neurologic Development of the High-Risk Infant

Four methods of neurologie assessment that have been used in a study of at least 500 infants are reviewed. This is followed by a clinical description of early abnormality, a review of the types of abnormality, an analysis of the correlation of early neurologic abnormalities with later abnormalities, and a discussion of parent concerns.
CARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE CERVIX AND RELATED LESIONS. AN 11 YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY.

Abstract A clinical and cytopathologic 11 year prospective study of 379 patients with cervical lesions is presented. The incidence of carcinoma in situ in our asymptomatic group, with 50 per cent Jewish and 2 per cent Negro patients, was 0.26 per cent; the average age of patients was 42.3 years. There were 180 patients with carcinoma in situ; 142 were treated after periods of follow-up ranging from 1 month to 10 years. Eighty-eight had definitive treatment (cervix completely removed), and 54 had diagnostic treatment (cervix remains). Methods of treatment, particularly cylinderization of the cervix, have been discussed. Thirty-eight untreated patients were under observation for periods ranging from 3 months to 11 years. No patient in this study died of cancer of the cervix. Of the 379 patients in the study group, 376 are living and well, although 3 of them have been lost to clinical and cytologic follow-up. Three patients died—2 of heart disease and 1 of a second primary cancer, carcinoma of the cecum. Carcinoma in situ can be a slowly progressing lesion that requires 15 months to 5 years to progress to invasion. In 3 patients in situ lesions progressed to invasion. The lesion may remain static or stationary for as long as 11 years. It may regress as a result of extrinsic factors, but not, in our opinion, spontaneously. This regression appears to be limited to the early stage of the lesion when it involves only the surface epithelium, not the gland ducts. The presence of chronic infection may speed up the development of in situ carcinoma. Carcinoma in situ does have a pattern of development represented by an ascending curve—major atypia to borderline lesion to in situ carcinoma to advanced carcinoma in situ (sometimes accompanied by gland duct extension) to early invasive cancer. Major atypias progressed to in situ carcinoma in 8 patients. Minor atypias have shown no tendency to progress. We firmly believe that in situ carcinoma is the forerunner of all invasive cancer of the cervix.
Self-monitoring and self-management of anticoagulation therapy.

Self-monitoring and self-management of long-term oral anticoagulation therapy reduce the risks of thromboembolism, all-cause mortality, and minor hemorrhage for appropriately selected patients.
Förster resonance energy transfer to impart signal-on and -off capabilities in a single microRNA biosensor.

Many studies have found that over- or under-expression of biomolecules called microRNAs (miRNA) regulates several diseases. Biosensors are in need to visually identify the relative expression level of miRNA to determine the direction these miRNA change in cells and tissues. Our established reporter+probe miRNA biosensor design requires that miRNA outcompete and displace the reporter from the probe. Once displaced, the reporter folds into a hairpin structure to force together a pair of Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) dyes. The donor and acceptor signal changes can be used to indicate the over-/under-expression of miRNA. The bright signal from the donor will indicate miRNA under-expression; the bright acceptor signal will indicate miRNA over-expression. Since close proximity of the dyes to each other and nucleic acids often quench fluorescence, polyethylene glycol spacers were added in-between the dyes and nucleic acids. We compared reporter designs with and without spacers to investigate the effects on the following analytical metrics: (1) extent of signal change, (2) limits of detection and quantitation, and (3) sensitivity. Systematic errors and amount of reporter+probe biosensor formed were evaluated for one of the biosensors. Cy3|Cy5 and 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM)|ATTO 633 dye pairs on reporters containing spacers showed an increase in the acceptor signal change by ∼190 and ∼484%, respectively, compared to no spacers. Transduction mechanisms that enhance and quench the signal both showed LODs that ranged from 3–17 nanomolar (nM) with 100 nM of the biosensor.
Imatinib Mesylate and Hyper-CVAD (IM-HCVAD) for Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ ALL).

Abstract 4103 Introduction The addition of IM to hyper-CVAD led to higher rates and longer duration of complete remissions in Ph+ ALL. The purpose of this study is to report single institution experience with IM-HCVAD followed by maintenance IM or allogeneic transplantation in newly diagnosed adult Ph+ ALL treated between 10/02 and 08/08. Methods IRB-approved retrospective analysis of the institutional hematological database. Results Thirty-three patients, median age 51 (22-72), with 8 (24%) older than 60, presented with a median WBC of 24,000/mm3 (range, 2-200) and LDH of 2.6 ULN (1.3-11). Four (12%) had extra-medullary/CSF leukemia. Patients received a median of 7 (range, 1-8) cycles of IM-HCVAD followed by maintenance IM +/- POMP as tolerated (Blood 2004;103:4396-4407). After 2 cycles, 1 patient had primary refractory disease and expired, and 32 (97%) achieved complete hematological and cytogenetic remission. Twenty-four of 32 (75%) subsequently achieved complete molecular remission (CMR). Among those who achieved CMR, 6/24 relapsed with preceding loss of CMR in 4. Four of 8 who did not achieve CMR relapsed. One patient in CR was lost to follow-up after induction. Thirteen (39%) were allografted in CR1 using TBI-based myeloablative (9) or non-myeloablative (4) conditioning and 18 received maintenance IM-based therapy. With a median follow-up of 18.3 months (range, 4.4-76), 10 patients (32%) relapsed (1 post-transplant and 9 during IM maintenance) and received salvage therapy leading to CR2 in 4, of which 1 was successfully allografted, and 3 remain in CR2 with a follow-up of 20, 36, and 60 months. Eleven patients died (6 from GVHD/infection, and 5 from relapsed refractory leukemia). For the 13 allograft recipients in CR1 disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 15, and 18 months; and 15 months and 20 months for the 18 IM maintenance patients, respectively (Figure). WBC > 30,000/mm3 and residual disease detected by flow cytometry after 2 cycles were associated with decreased OS (p Conclusion The addition of IM to hyper-CVAD is associated with high rates of CR (97%) in newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL. In this relatively small cohort with a short follow-up, peripheral blood PCR did not predict outcomes. Ph+ALL patients are candidates for novel maintenance regimens. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Imatinib combined with the hyper-CVAD chemotherapy. Khoury:Novartis Oncology: Honoraria.
Comprehending Comprehension: Selected Possibilities for Clinical Practice Within a Multidimensional Model.

Purpose In this discussion as part of a response to Catts and Kamhi's “Prologue: Reading Comprehension Is Not a Single Activity” (2017), the authors provide selected examples from 4th-, 5th-, and 6...
R. Buckminster Fuller, the Expo '67 Pavilion and the Atoms for Peace Program

Since the end of World War II, the U.S. government has embraced the rhetoric of the peaceful use of the atom. Following the government’s lead, architect-designer-philosopher Richard Buckminster Fuller espoused similar ideas. Like U.S. President Lyndon Johnson and other “atoms for peace” enthusiasts, Fuller thought that the revolution then occurring in architecture was an outgrowth of the peaceful atom. And, like Johnson, Fuller believed that technology based on the atom did not just favor Americans but could be applied for the benefit of all humanity. Fuller thought atomic technology could help extend humankind’s knowledge base and thus be applied to develop better architecture. This article explains how Fuller, like politicians of the time, believed that the potential for fearful products of destruction—of war and its weaponry—could be applied for peacetime applications, particularly when designing his geodesic dome, including his Expo ’67 pavilion.
Juvenile body mass estimation: A methodological evaluation.

Abstract Two attempts have been made to develop body mass prediction formulae specifically for immature remains: Ruff (Ruff, C.C., 2007, Body size prediction from juvenile skeletal remains. American Journal Physical Anthropology 133, 698–716) and Robbins et al. (Robbins, G., Sciulli, P.W., Blatt, S.H., 2010. Estimating body mass in subadult human skeletons. American Journal Physical Anthropology 143, 146–150). While both were developed from the same reference population, they differ in their independent variable selection: Ruff (2008) used measures of metaphyseal and articular surface size to predict body mass in immature remains, whereas Robbins et al. (2010) relied on cross-sectional properties. Both methods perform well on independent testing samples; however, differences between the two methods exist in the predicted values. This research evaluates the differences in the body mass estimates from these two methods in seven geographically diverse skeletal samples under the age of 18 ( n = 461). The purpose of this analysis is not to assess which method performs with greater accuracy or precision; instead, differences between the two methods are used as a heuristic device to focus attention on the unique challenges affecting the prediction of immature body mass estimates in particular. The two methods differ by population only in some cases, which may be a reflection of activity variation or nutritional status. In addition, cross-sectional properties almost always produce higher estimates than metaphyseal surface size across all age categories. This highlights the difficulty in teasing apart information related to body mass from that relevant to loading, particularly when the original reference population is urban/industrial.
miniRadar: A Low Power IEEE 802.15.4 Transceiver Based Implementation of Bistatic Radar

We present a proof-of-concept low-power IEEE 802.15.4 standard based bistatic radar system for localizing unknown radio-wave reflecting objects in an unknown environment. Unlike prior multi-antenna based approaches, we employ a single standard low power omnidirectional transmitter with known transmission parameters and a single rotating directional receiver antenna to collect a set of directional RSSI samples and, thereafter, exploit the directionality information of the samples to determine the locations of the reflecting objects. To this end, we employ the well-known Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) to extract required information from the collected RSSI samples. To test the concept, we have developed a real hardware prototype of the system. Through a set of simulation and real experiments, we demonstrate the potential of the proposed concept. To our knowledge this is the first bistatic radar system demonstrated with low cost low power off-the-shelf 802.15.4 radios.
Leading with Support: The Role of Social Support for Positive and Negative Events in Leader Development

Major areas of focus within past work on leader development center on aspects of one’s own identity and self-awareness, one’s ability to grow, change, and adapt to new situations, and development of the necessary skills and competencies needed to lead. There has been some discussion of the importance of social networks or relationships, but an understanding of the unique ways in which various types of social support received (and provided) within those relationships may contribute to leader development has not been fully examined. Here, I explore past work on social support to illustrate the unique ways in which support given and received for both positive and negative events may help develop leaders, as support communicates acceptance and affirmation and provides important outside perspectives.
The Evolution of Digital Moda as an Institutional Entrepreneur

This chapter examines the evolution of one of the largest e-commerce entrepreneurs in fashion in the world—anonymously titled Digital Moda in the book—as a key institutional player in the field of digital fashion. Of significance here is the evolution of narratives for legitimization put forth by the founders of the company within the first two years of its founding, and the expanding of an array of legitimizing challenges, shared by other e-commerce and social commerce peers. The narrative introduces the reader to specific approaches by Digital Moda to product acquisition and curation that proved to be key in building trust with merchandising executives at fashion brands.
VA National Drug File Reference Terminology: a cross-institutional content coverage study.

Background: Content coverage studies provide valuable information to potential users of terminologies. We detail the VA National Drug File Reference Terminology’s (NDF-RT) ability to represent dictated medication list phrases from the Mayo Clinic. NDF-RT is a description logic-based resource created to support clinical operations at one of the largest healthcare providers in the US. Methods: Medication list phrases were extracted from dictated patient notes from the Mayo Clinic. Algorithmic mappings to NDF-RT using the SmartAccess Vocabulary Server (SAVS) were presented to two non-VA physicians. The physicians used a terminology browser to determine the accuracy of the algorithmic mapping and the content coverage of NDF-RT Results: The 509 extracted documents on 300 patients contained 847 medication concepts in medication lists. NDF-RT covered 97.8% of concepts. Of the 18 phrases that NDF-RT did not represent, 10 were for OTC’s and food supplements, 5 were for prescription medications, and 3 were missing synonyms. The SAVS engine properly mapped 773 of 810 phrases with an overall sensitivity (precision) was 95.4% and positive predictive value (recall) of 99.9%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that NDF-RT has more general utility than its initial design parameters dictated
Outline of the Ethical Implications of Earth's Limits for Health Care

In addition to good medical services, all aspects of an economy must work together to ensure a high level of public health. However, the abundant economies of the North are contributing heavily to global environmental disaster, with increasing concomitant damage to human health. Environmental health problems result from toxicity (i.e., pollution), scarcity (i.e., poverty), and energy degradation (i.e., entropy). Common to these three factors in environmental demise are the limits of the Earth. Production has evolved to a point where the Earth is no longer safe from radical depletion. Therefore, simple living is a necessary feature of global public health. Rarely do readers of this journal see these limits first hand, but they are real. Our limited perceptions and efforts hinder our ability to understand how to reduce the impact of production on natural ecosystems. Contrary to standard media portrayals, growth and technology cannot solve our public health problems, because they are unequally distributed across the world and neither can they solve the problem of limits. The need for modest consumption in developed nations is an essential and almost completely ignored element of the answer to environmental and associated health problems. A radical and rapid change to public health is needed in order to avoid abysmal global health consequences during the next century. These changes involve a restructuring of our economy, including the health care industry. In the short run, this is an ethical demand. In the long run, this is an inevitability. The actual and appropriate role of bioethicists in championing these changes is unclear. (Abstract by Bruce R. Smith)
Demand for Applications Requiring Hardware Security

Application developers are an important driver of sales for the entire smartphone industry since compelling mobile applications and services are at the forefront of a user’s smartphone experience. Handset manufacturers and mobile OS designers have undertaken many initiatives to encourage application developers to create apps for their platforms. For example, OEMs have provided development environments, technical support, and publishing and sales infrastructures.
A Counting Problem in Linear Programming

Using a popular setup, in solving a linear programming problem one looks for a tableau of the problem that has no negative elements in the last column and no positive elements in the last row. We study a matrix whose (i, j)-th entry counts the tableaux for such a problem (here taken to be totally nondegenerate) having i negative elements in the last column and j positive elements in the last row. It is shown that this matrix possesses a certain symmetry, which is described.
Anemia and Chronic Heart Failure: Implications and Treatment Options

Anemia is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure and is associated with worse long-term outcomes. Although the cause of anemia in heart failure is unclear, the weight of evidence suggests that renal dysfunction, along with neurohormonal and proinflammatory cytokine activation in heart failure, favors the development of anemia of chronic disease, with defective iron utilization, inappropriate erythropoietin production, and depressed bone marrow function. Similarly, the mechanisms by which anemia worsens heart failure outcomes are unknown but may be related to increased myocardial workload. If anemia is a mediator and not just a marker of poor outcomes, correcting anemia could become an important and novel therapeutic target to improve long-term outcomes in such patients. Indeed, several small-sized studies have shown the beneficial effects of empirically treating anemia in heart failure patients with recombinant erythropoietin and intravenous iron. However, the ideal threshold at which therapy should be initiated and the extent of correction considered safe and desirable in the individual patient with heart failure need to be known. These issues become more important because of increasing safety concerns that recombinant erythropoietin therapy for treating anemia may be associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease and may worsen cancer in patients receiving chemotherapy to treat various types of cancer. Therefore, further prospectively designed studies are required to address some of these questions. Fortunately, 2 large mortality morbidity trials, TREAT (Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events with Aranesp Therapy) in patients with chronic kidney disease and RED-HF (Reduction of Events with Darbepoetin alfa in Heart Failure) in heart failure patients, are in progress and are likely to provide definitive answers.
Jejunal lymphangioma causing intussusception in an adult: An unusual case with review of the literature

Abstract Introduction Adult intussusception is rare, and 90% are due to a lead point secondary to a pathologic condition. Lymphangioma is an uncommon tumor of the lymphatic system and is rarely found within the small bowel. Small bowel lymphangioma causing intussuception in an adult is a rare occurrence, with three very distinct rare pathologies occurring simultaneously Case description A 70-year-old male patient with multiple pre-existing pathologies such as advanced ADPKD, multiple persistent tubulovillous colon polyps and colon cancer in situ, was hospitalized due to rapid weight loss of 20 lbs, hematemesis, and abdominal pain. He was subsequently found to have jejunal intussusception caused by two lymphangiomas of the small bowel. The portion of intussuscepted jejunum was resected and final diagnosis on pathology was two jejunal lymphangiomas. Discussion Lymphangiomas of the small bowel are rare, but increasing in incidence due to the accessibility of endoscopic evaluations. A hypothetical connection between lymphangioma and ADPKD is unknown, but both diseases are built on a foundation of cystogenesis. There is little known about the effect ADPKD on cystogenesis and tumor formation extra-renally, and there is a possible correlation between genetic mutations in polycystin and cystic tumors such as lymphangiomas. Conclusion Lymphangioma, although rare in the small bowel, is a possible cause of intussusception and should be considered on the differential of abdominal pain in adults. The pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease has implications that could predispose to cystic development beyond the kidney, and more research into the genetic mechanism behind the disease is necessary to support or deny this claim.
Early Literacy Predictors and Second-Grade Outcomes in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

This study contrasted the early literacy outcomes of children who are hard of hearing (CHH) with children with normal hearing (CNH). At age 5, prereading skills of oral language, phonological processing, and print knowledge were examined in CHH (N = 180) and CNH (N = 80). The CHH had poorer oral language and phonological processing abilities than the CNH but comparable knowledge of print. At age 8, measures of word reading, and reading comprehension yielded no differences between CHH (N = 108) and CNH (N = 62) except for reading comprehension for the moderately severe CHH. Reading achievement in CHH was found to exceed predictions based on prereading performance. This resilience was associated with gains in oral language during the early school years.
Several inequalities for the Schwarzian derivative of a bounded analytic function

If f is an analytic self-map of the open unit disc D, then its hyperbolic derivative Df and the Schwarzian derivative Sf satisfy the inequality |Sf(z)|≤6(1−|Df(z)|2)/(1−|z|2)2|Df(z)|2 for all z∈D. ...
Design and Testing of 1 kV H-bridge Power Electronics Building Block Based on 1.7 kV SiC MOSFET Module

This paper presents a part of the design for a power electronics building block (PEBB) based on 10 kV SiC MOSFET power module. A H-bridge PEBB system architecture is introduced at the beginning, followed by the design details of a smart gate driver. Strong noise-immunity, high driving current and effective protection circuitry have been accomplished. The design of power supply that feeds the gate drivers while providing 10 kV galvanic isolation is also shown. A resonant current bus (RCB)-based topology is proposed to supply the gate drivers, achieving both high density and low input-output capacitance of the isolation. Finally, a 10 kV laminated DC bus-bar with new layer-stacking structure is presented. Experimental results are embedded in each section to validate the PEBB performance.
Educational intervention can improve appropriateness of acid suppression therapy in hospitalized geriatric patients.

Background: Inappropriate use of acid suppression (AST) therapy may lead to unnecessary harms, especially in the geriatric population. Despite this, AST remains one of the most commonly prescribed ...
Idealness and 2-resistant sets

Abstract A subset of the unit hypercube { 0 , 1 } n is cube-ideal if its convex hull is described by hypercube and generalized set covering inequalities. In this note, we study sets S ⊆ { 0 , 1 } n such that, for any subset X ⊆ { 0 , 1 } n of cardinality at most 2, S ∪ X is cube-ideal.
Multimodality imaging and genomics of granulosa cell tumors

The purpose of this article is to review the imaging findings and genomics of granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) in order to aid in diagnosis and management of GCTs. GCTs are the most common type of sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary. They are usually diagnosed initially with ultrasound and are subsequently further characterized with CT and MRI. PET/CT is often ordered as well to measure the extent of disease and for follow-up, but its usefulness is in question as some GCTs lack FDG avidity. There is significant variability in imaging phenotypes of GCTs, ranging from mostly cystic to almost solid. More resources have recently been dedicated to understanding the genetics and molecular mechanisms of GCT development. Current research shows that the main cause of GCT carcinogenesis is the FOXL2 mutation, but there are several other noteworthy mutations that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. Certain mutations, like GATA4, are known to be associated with more aggressive disease and higher rates of recurrence. Using this information, imaging protocols can be altered depending on the genotype of the tumor. Further understanding of the genetic alterations that underpin the development of GCTs is indicated as genotypic knowledge could be used to guide optimal imaging and management strategies.
Multiculturalism And The Bretton Woods Institutions

Multiculturalism has many aspects and broad ramifications. The implications of multiculturalism for the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the so-called Bretton Woods institutions, are of particular interest. This chapter argues that, despite their deficiencies, the Bretton Woods institutions can play an essential role in promoting multiculturalism, human rights and the rule of law, but will be most effective only if they learn to practice and respect these same principles in their own decision-making and other internal practices. It first examines the concepts of diversity and of multiculturalism. Then, the chapter introduces the Bretton Woods Institutions and the related issues of multiculturalism. It also discusses the interplay of law, politics and multiculturalism at the World Bank and IMF. The IMF and World Bank have not always advanced multicultural identities, interests and values, but those institutions can still provide a way forward consistent with multiculturalism. Keywords: Bretton Woods institutions; cultural diversity; human rights; International Monetary Fund (IMF); multiculturalism; social diversity; World Bank
Endoscopic Best Practices

Endoscopy has utility before, during, and after bariatric surgery and may present opportunity for primary obesity treatment. Some patients and procedures necessitate preoperative endoscopic evaluation, while its routine screening may not be necessary. Intraoperative endoscopy can be performed to evaluate the new surgical anatomy, but there is evidence provocative leak testing is not justified. A variety of complications, such as bleeding and stricture, can be successfully diagnosed and often treated endoscopically in the postoperative period.
Theatre and Performance in Alternative Histories of Steve Biko's Death in Detention

I still thought [Biko] was shamming. I had had experience before with this tendency.—Colonel Goosen, 1977 inquestThere was also a BBC reconstruction of the inquest with a well-known actor who played Sydney Kentridge—which I said that he wasn't as good as Sydney Kentridge, they should have had Sydney play himself.—George Bizos, 13 May 2008
A Toxic Blend: Assessing the Effects of Cross-Source Media Coverage of Flavored E-Cigarettes on Youth and Young Adult Perceptions

Flavored e-cigarettes have received high attention across social and news media. How does exposure to e-cigarette flavors across multiple sources in the media environment influence youth e-cigarett...
Screening for Health-Related Social Needs of Emergency Department Patients.

Study objective There has been increasing attention to screening for health-related social needs. However, little is known about the screening practices of emergency departments (EDs). Within New England, we seek to identify the prevalence of ED screening for health-related social needs, understand the factors associated with screening, and understand how screening patterns for health-related social needs differ from those for violence, substance use, and mental health needs. Methods We analyzed data from the 2018 National Emergency Department Inventory–New England survey, which was administered to all 194 New England EDs during 2019. We used descriptive statistics to compare ED characteristics by screening practices, and multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors associated with screening. Results Among the 166 (86%) responding EDs, 64 (39%) reported screening for at least one health-related social need, 160 (96%) for violence (including intimate partner violence or other violent exposures), 148 (89%) for substance use disorder, and 159 (96%) for mental health needs. EDs reported a wide range of social work resources to address identified needs, with 155 (93%) reporting any social worker availability and 41 (27%) reporting continuous availability. Conclusion New England EDs are screening for health-related social needs at a markedly lower rate than for violence, substance use, and mental health needs. EDs have relatively limited resources available to address health-related social needs. We encourage research on the development of scalable solutions for identifying and addressing health-related social needs in the ED.
Dietary phosphorus as related to clinical and reporductive performance in cattle

During a 10-year period, 96 Hereford females were individually fed diets in which dietary phosphorus (P) ranged from 10 to 35g P/day, 9 to 13g P/day, 6g P/day or less. Symptoms of P deficiency developed within 12 months in animals fed 6g P/day or less. The clinical changes were body weight loss, reduced feed intake, decreased blood and urine P levels, bone depletion, reproductive failure and finally death. Cows showed evidence of recovery within 2 months after receiving 12g or 19g P/day. Thirty-four Holstein cows in their second lactation were individually fed P levels for one year that were 60, 80, or 105R of NRC requirements. Feed intake, body weight, milk production, % protein in milk, and blood and urine P levels were reduced in cows receiving diets containing 60% of NRC requirements. Reproduction was not affected by P levels. Results indicate that 12g of P/day for a 450 kg beef cow, or P equal to 80% of NRC requirements for a 592 kg high-producing dairy cow, are adequate. Phosphorus deficiency seldom occurs in a simple uncomplicated form.
Ultra-low noise dynamic Brillouin strain sensing using combined Stokes and anti-Stokes measurements

We present a novel Brillouin based dynamic strain sensor that is immune to most of the technical and environmental noise sources that limit existing Brillouin sensors. In particular, we introduce a modified slope-assisted Brillouin optical time domain analysis (SA-BOTDA) system that combines information from the complex Stokes and anti-Stokes interactions to extract the Brillouin frequency shift while suppressing noise and cross-talk due to fluctuations in the power, frequency, or polarization state of the pump and probe beams. This approach enables a strain noise of 15.6 ne/Hz1/2 in ~1 km of fiber with 4 m resolution and 25 kHz bandwidth.
Temperature effects on gated silicon field emission array performance

Silicon field emitter arrays (Si FEAs) are being explored as an electron source for vacuum channel transistors for high temperature electronics. Arrays of 1000 × 1000 silicon tip based gated field emitters were studied by measuring their electrical characteristics up to 40 V of DC gate bias with a 1.3 mA emission current at different temperatures from 25 to 400 °C. At ∼350 °C, residual gas analyzer measurements show that water desorption and carbon dioxide partial pressures increase significantly, the gate to emitter leakage current decreases by more than ten times, and the collector current increases by more than ten times. These improvements remained after heat-treatment but were then lost once the device was exposed to the atmosphere for several days. The improvements could be recovered upon additional baking suggesting that adsorbates (primarily water) on the surface affected field emission and surface leakage. It was also found that after heat-treatment, the electrical characteristics of the devices exhibited <3% variation in collector current at 40 V, which (without exposure to the atmosphere) can be termed as a weak temperature dependence. These results suggest that Si FEAs could be viable as a high temperature transistor.
Kinetic Studies Comparing Nuclear Methods With Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography

Renal and CSF kinetics were examined in adult male rhesus monkeys by both computer-based nuclear medicine techniques and serial, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Typical time-activity and time-density curves are obtained. Each method has its own advantages, problems, and potential clinical uses.
An Unintended Journey: A Caregiver’s Guide to Dementia, by Janet Yagoda Shagam

Janet Yagoda Shagam’s An Unintended Journey: A Caregiver’s Guide to Dementia is a welcome addition to books intended for informal caregivers of persons with dementia. Like the widely utilized guide...
Bridge Capacity Assessment and Control of Posting, Permit and Legal Vehicle Loads

Several recent projects conducted by the author have concerned new methods for bridge evaluation, including strength capacity and safe life assessment. These projects have led to new AASHTO proposals for capacity evaluation and flexible methods for regulating safe loads on bridges. Economic pressure to revise truck weight regulations have also been considered. Proposals for evaluating permit trucks for different highway classifications have been reported. A comprehensive study of optimal truck weight regulations to balance vehicle productivity with increased costs for bridge repairs and replacement have been studied. These projects have been supported by the US Transportation Research Board and various state agencies.
Elastic cross sections for e + /sup 40/Ca at 757. 5 MeV

We give the experimental elastic cross sections for $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ at 757.5 MeV.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE Electron scattering.
Decolonial Designs José Martí, Hồ Chí Minh, and Global Entanglements

Drawing on the writings of two prominent political thinkers and activists, Jose Marti and Hồ Chi Minh, our article foregrounds the imaginative crossings, ethical–political inspirations, and mutual ...
Sea level and heat content changes in the western North Pacific

[1] Altimetry-observed sea level rise (SLR) over the western North Pacific (WNP), including the South China Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and East/Japan Sea, has a rate of ~5 mm/year over 1993–2010, which is about 1.5 times the rate of the global mean. Here we have examined sea level changes and related ocean heat content (OHC) in the WNP by comparing results from a non-Boussinesq ocean general circulation model (mass-conserved) with data sets from altimeters, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and in situ profiles. Our model reproduces the altimetry regional trends as well as their seasonal/interannual variations. Adding a GRACE-estimated mass to the model result further explains the altimetry SLR in a way that mass-induced effect contributes more in the midlatitudes than in the tropical WNP over the GRACE period. In addition, interannual variability and linear trend of regional sea levels are explained mainly by changes in the OHC due to heat convergence and divergence by ocean circulations, while seasonal variability is caused mainly by surface air-sea fluxes. To understand the underline physics, a comparative experiment was carried out, showing that the recent strengthening trends of SLR and OHC in the tropical regions are significantly attributed to the heat and water mass redistribution in the upper ocean caused by the intensified easterly trade wind over the past two decades.
The Business Case for Tele-emergency.

Abstract Background: Tele-emergency is an expanding telehealth service that provides real-time audio/visual consultation delivered by an emergency medicine team to a remote, often rural, emergency department (ED). Financial analyses of tele-emergency in the literature are limited. This article expands the tele-emergency literature to describe the business case for tele-emergency. “Business case” is defined as a reasoned argument, supported by objective data and/or qualitative judgment, to implement or continue a service or product. Materials and Methods: To evaluate tele-emergency financing from the perspective of a critical access hospital (CAH), 10 financial analysis categories were defined. Telephone interviews, site visits, and financial data from the eEmergency program of Avera Health (Sioux Falls, SD) were used to populate the categories. Avera Health information was augmented with national data where available. Three financial scenarios were then analyzed for CAH profit/loss associated with tele-em...
Whole‐Genome Sequencing of a Single Viral Species from a Highly Heterogeneous Sample

Metagenomic studies suggest that only a small fraction of the viruses that exist in nature have been identified and studied. Characterization of unknown viral genomes is hindered by the many genomes populating any virus sample. A new method is reported that integrates drop-based microfluidics and computational analysis to enable the purification of any single viral species from a complex mixed virus sample and the retrieval of complete genome sequences. By using this platform, the genome sequence of a 5243 bp dsDNA virus that was spiked into wastewater was retrieved with greater than 96% sequence coverage and more than 99.8% sequence identity. This method holds great potential for virus discovery since it allows enrichment and sequencing of previously undescribed viruses as well as known viruses.
Dehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exercise

Gonzalez-Alonso, Jose, Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez, Paul R. Below, and Edward F. Coyle.Dehydration markedly impairs cardiovascular function in hyperthermic endurance athletes during exercise. J. Appl. ...
Translation in Practice.

A book review of the collection of ideas discussed at the British Council offices in London in March 2008 which dealt with how to translate through practice without being a seasoned professional. The book, edited by Gill Paul, is a product of this debate, and raises issues about translation that include, the goal of a good translation, choosing translators and creating contracts, boundaries, problems and solutions in translation, and the actual editing process.
Tannase activity associated with growth of Cryphonectria parasitica on American and Chinese chestnut extracts and properties of the enzyme

Cryphonectria parasitica grew on American and Chinese chestnut total aqueous and tannin extracts from winter and summer bark. Differences in the amount of conidial germination and growth on extracts of the two species were small. C. parasitica tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase) was found to be more abundant intracellularly, had a pH optimum of 5.5, and a temperature optimum for activity of 30°C. Total tannase activities on American chestnut total aqueous and tannin extracts were higher than on the respective Chinese extracts.
Hb Mobile [alpha2beta2 73(E17)Asp replaced by Val]: a new variant.

A new hemoglobin variant found in a mother and her child was characterized by column chromatography of the tryptic hydrolysate of the aminoethylated, glycinamidated β-chain, followed by chymotryptic digestion of the abnormal β T-9 peptide and amino acid analyses. It was shown to be α 2 β 2 73(E17) Asp → Val and named Hb Mobile.
Internet-based EDI strategy

Abstract The Internet appears to be a cheap, efficient, and ubiquitous channel for transmitting Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) transactions. This paper contrasts two strategies for implementing Internet-EDI systems. McKesson treated its Internet-EDI system as a traditional information systems development project while Bank of America built its Internet-EDI system with a prototyping approach. The paper discusses the conditions in which either approach may be appropriate in terms of project goals, time constraints, environmental uncertainty; and organizational structures employed. It also suggests that emerging Internet-EDI applications could transform trading partners relationships by reducing the import of EDI-capability as a competitive asset.
Geometry of silicic dikes beneath the Inyo Domes, California

Structural geologic evidence in the vicinity of the Inyo Domes indicates that the youngest extrusive products were erupted from a silicic dike that divided into at least three segments which underwent up to 30° of clockwise rotation as they neared the surface. The geometry of ground cracks, explosion craters, and surface structures on the domes suggest that the dike may have propagated laterally from a source beneath Mammoth Mountain, with both the overall dike and the individual segments rising as they moved northward. Structural evidence and tephrochronology also imply that the actual vents may have migrated northward along individual dike segments as the activity evolved from explosive eruptions to the more quiet emplacement of lavas. Monitoring of changing patterns of ground cracks and faults may assist in predicting the sites and timing of future eruptions.
Response of psoriasis to red laser light (630 nm) following systemic injection of hematoporphyrin derivative

Systemically injected hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) in combination with red laser light (630 nm) was used to treat a patient with intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva. Since the patient had psoriasis in the mons pubis area this region also was exposed to the red light. The psoriasis treatment area was divided into two regions receiving 40 and 20 J/cm2. Both psoriatic zones responded vigorously to the HPD + light treatment, forming eschars by 1 week postirradiation. All there treatment zones (the neoplastic area and the two psoriatic areas) underwent normal reepithelialization by 17 days.
Modulation of Vascular Cell Function by Bim Expression

Apoptosis of vascular cells, including pericytes and endothelial cells, contributes to disease pathogenesis in which vascular rarefaction plays a central role. Bim is a proapoptotic protein that modulates not only apoptosis but also cellular functions such as migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression. Endothelial cells and pericytes each make a unique contribution to vascular formation and function although the details require further delineation. Here we set out to determine the cell autonomous impact of Bim expression on retinal endothelial cell and pericyte function using cells prepared from Bim deficient (Bim−/−) mice. Bim−/− endothelial cells displayed an increased production of ECM proteins, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and VEGF expression but, a decreased eNOS expression and nitric oxide production. In contrast, pericyte proliferation decreased in the absence of Bim while migration, adhesion, and VEGF expression were increased. In addition, we demonstrated that the coculturing of either wild-type or Bim−/− endothelial cells with Bim−/− pericytes diminished their capillary morphogenesis. Thus, our data further emphasizes the importance of vascular cell autonomous regulatory mechanisms in modulation of vascular function.