cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal adenocarcinoma (serous) of Müllerian type: a subgroup of women presenting with peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Peritoneal adenocarcinoma (serous or other subtype) of Mullerian type (PAMT) is frequently misclassified as another primary tumor. Peritoneal carcinomatosis in women without evidence of a primary site may occur secondary to a number of processes. Confusion regarding the nomenclature has made it difficult to determine the incidence and natural history of this unique malignancy. Other terms used for this tumor include mesothelioma, peritoneal papillary serous carcinoma, extra-ovarian serous carcinoma, and normal-sized ovarian carcinoma syndrome. Thirty-four patients (33 serous and one endometrioid) were identified with PAMT during 1976 through 1988. One hundred and thirty-seven patients underwent primary cytoreductive surgery for a preoperative diagnosis consistent with ovarian cancer. Twenty-nine (21.2%) were classified as PAMT (5 of the 34 had their initial surgery at other institutions). The mean age was 61.4 years. The primary symptoms and signs were abdominal pain (68%) and ascites (52%). Twenty-five (73%) had a preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer while the postoperative diagnosis was unknown (44%), PAMT (29%), and ovarian cancer (27%). Univariate and multivariate survival analysis were performed. Survival was independent of age, residual disease, grade, ascites, type of chemotherapy, and second-look results. In patients with residual disease /=4 courses of chemotherapy after primary surgery. Twelve of 21 patients (57%) who received cisplatin (CDDP) survived between 23 and 92 months, while no patient receiving other chemotherapeutic regimens survived more than 25 months. The 2 and 3 year survival rate for CDDP was 47% and 33% vs. 14% and 0% for other regimens. Optimal cytoreductive surgery was not an independent prognostic factor as found in ovarian cancer, probably secondary to unresectable peritoneal carcinomatosis. PAMT is sensitive to chemotherapy but only the use of CDDP was associated with long term survival. Based on these results, women with peritoneal carcinomatosis consistent with PAMT should receive a CDDP-based regimen after primary surgery.
Evidence for a morphologically distinct subpopulation of striatipetal axons following injections of WGA-HRP into the ventral tegmental area in the rat

Following injections of small volumes (10-30 nl) of WGA-HRP (1-2%) into the ventral tegmental area, axonal transport of the lectin-peroxidase conjugate to ventral striatum was evaluated by light microscopy after TMB histochemistry and by electron microscopy following stabilization of the TMB reaction product with DAB and H2O2. Label was distributed more or less evenly in ventral striatum, with only slight patchiness observable in the boundary zone between the nucleus accumbens and ventromedial caudate-putamen. The electron microscope revealed that labeled axons contained markedly flattened vesicles and dense axoplasm and contacted perikarya, dendrites and dendritic spines of short (0.2-0.3 microns) symmetric appositions. Boutons with a similar triad of morphological features were observed in preparations processed for conventional electron microscopy and for tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry, suggesting that the characteristic morphological features observed are not an epiphenomenon related to histochemical processing.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Reliability of Double-Sided Area Array Assemblies

One of the primary advantages of surface mount technology (SMT) over through-hole technology is that SMT allows the assembly of components on both sides of the printed circuit board (PCB). Currently, area array components such as ball grid array (BGA) and chip-scale package (CSP) assemblies are being used in double-sided configurations for network and memory device applications as they reduce the routing space and improve electrical performance (Shiah, A. C., and Zhou, X., 2002, "A Low Cost Reliability Assessment for Double-Sided Mirror-Imaged Flip Chip BGA Assemblies, Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Pan Pacific Microelectronics Symposium, Maui, Hawaii, pp. 7-15, and Xie, D., and Yi, S., 2001, "Reliability Design and Experimental work for Mirror Image CSP Assembly", Proceedings of the International Symposium on Microelectronics, Baltimore, October, pp. 417-422). These assemblies typically use a "mirror image" configuration wherein the components are placed on either side of the PCB directly over each other; however, other configurations are possible. Double-sided assemblies pose challenges for thermal dissipation, inspection, rework, and thermal cycling reliability. The scope of this paper is the study of the reliability of double-sided assemblies both experimentally and through numerical simulation. The assemblies studied include single-sided, mirror-imaged, 50% offset CSP assemblies, CSPs with capacitors on the backside, single-sided, mirror-imaged plastic ball grid arrays (PBGAs), quad flat pack (QFP)/BGA mixed assemblies. The effect of assembly stiffness on thermal cycling reliability was investigated. To assess the assembly flexural stiffness and its effect on the thermal cycling reliability, a three-point bending measurement was performed. Accelerated thermal cycling cycles to failure were documented for all assemblies and the data were used to calculate the characteristic life. In general, a 2X to 3X decrease in reliability was observed for mirror-image assemblies when compared to single-sided assemblies for both BGAs and CSPs on 62 mil test boards. The reliability of mirror-image assemblies when one component was an area array device and the other was a QFP was comparable to the reliability of the single-sided area array assemblies alone, that is, the QFP had almost no influence on the double-sided reliability when used with an area array component. Moire interferometry was used to study the displacement distribution in the solder joints at specific locations in the packages. Data from the reliability and moire measurements were correlated with predictions generated from three-dimensional finite element models of the assemblies. The models incorporated nonlinear and time-temperature dependent solder material properties and they were used to estimate the fatigue life of the solder joints and to obtain an estimate of the overall package reliability using Darveaux's crack propagation method.
Replacement of the Ascending Aorta and Aortic Valve with a Composite Graft: Results in 25 Patients

Abstract Our experience with combined replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve with a composite prosthetic valve–Dacron tube graft in 25 patients from September, 1974, to December, 1976, is reviewed. The technique involves suture of the composite graft to the aortic annulus, to the aortic tissue surrounding the coronary ostia, and to the distal ascending aorta, closing the aortic wall over the graft before discontinuing cardiopulmonary bypass. Annuloaortic ectasia was the most common indication for operation (15 patients). Perfusion of the coronary arteries was used in the first 5 patients. In the remaining 20, internal and external myocardial cooling with one period of ischemic arrest (average, 67 minutes) was used. There was 1 hospital death (4%), and there have been 3 late deaths (12%) in the 27-month follow-up period. This technique appears to be applicable to most types of aneurysmal disease of the proximal ascending aorta associated with aortic valve incompetence. All aneurysmal tissue from the aortic annulus to the innominate artery is excluded, bleeding through the graft is eliminated, operative time is reduced, and the late results have been satisfactory to date.
Peak Airway Pressure: Why the Fuss?

The preponderance of evidence indicates that high airway pressure is not by itself injurious to the lung. Rather, overdistention of the lung appears to be the fundamental mechanism underlying VALI. The physician must bear in mind the factors (ie, flow-resistive pressure losses, respiratory muscle activity, and abnormalities in rib cage or abdominal compliance) that may alter the relationship between PAP and lung volume. Under some circumstances, high PAP may, in fact, reflect lung overdistention, and maneuvers that minimize overdistention may also reduce PAP. Similarly, the goal of improving oxygenation may sometimes entail strategies (such as prolonging inspiratory time) that lower PAP. In these settings, however, the reduction in PAP should be regarded as a by-product of achieving another therapeutic goal and not an end point in and of itself. In other settings, such as the mechanically ventilated patient with severe airflow obstruction, measures that lower PAP by reducing inspiratory flow rate may worsen pulmonary hyperinflation, and thereby increase the risk of complications.
The HHIRF supersonic gas jet target facility

Abstract We describe a supersonic gas jet target built for studying reactions induced by heavy ions with high energy resolution. The device produces very localized high density gas jets in a near vacuum environment and is presently installed in the scattering chamber of a magnetic spectrograph at the ORNL HHIRF. With a 100 MeV 16 O beam collimated to a size of approximately 1 mm 2 at the target, image sizes of 0.42 mm have been obtained at the focal plane of the spectrograph with a solid angle of 2.4 msr and target densities of 15–30 μg/cm 2 .
Transponder Power Minimization Utilizing Optimum Channelizer Gains

Today, the Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) system employs a new concept of adjusting the transponder power gain of individual links. A simple optimum method is derived for selecting these individual channel gains to minimize the amount of transponder power utilized. This new method directly solves a set of simple nonlinear equations and does not utilize any search algorithms or matrix inversions thus allowing it to be used with any number of links in a transponder.
Regional multiparameter estimation from tomographic diffusible tracer clearance curves: modification of the double-integral method.

Abstract Measurement of regional CBF in transverse section using inert, diffusible tracers can be carried out using a double-integral form of the Kety-Schmidt equation. An implementation of this form proposed by Kanno and Lassen (the K-L estimator) is utilized by the Tomomatic 64, a dynamic single-photon computed tomography system that records washin-washout data during and following inhalation of 133Xe gas. Advantages of the algorithm include noninvasive calibration of the input function and excellent depiction of ischemia: disadvantages are sensitivity to errors in input function delay (delta), the inability to estimate the partition coefficient (lambda) (hence, only the clearance index, k, is estimated), and a noise sensitivity proportional to k. A modification of the method is proposed that not only accounts for delta variations, but also provides an estimate of relative lambda (hence, the perfusion, f, is estimated). The proposed estimator is shown to be robust in the presence of noise with error variances equal to or better than those with the K-L estimator, yet estimates of both relative f and lambda are provided by the modification. New simulation results implicate the Compton scatter fraction as a major contributor in the overestimation of white matter perfusion values using both the K-L and proposed estimators, and illustrate the need for hardware and software scatter fraction reduction and control.
Liver transplantation for malignancies in children

Key Points 1. Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common primary pediatric liver malignancy. The majority of children with HB are resection candidates. Determining which children should undergo resection or primary liver transplantation is essential to the prognosis. 2. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common pediatric primary liver malignancy. Most children with HCC are not resection candidates. Transplantation offers improved survival for appropriate candidates in comparison with nontransplant options. 3. Unlike children with HCC, children with HB and extrahepatic spread to the lungs have acceptable transplant outcomes if the disease has been eradicated by chemotherapy or surgical removal at the time of transplantation. 4. Chemotherapy is an important adjuvant for improving outcomes for children with HB, but its benefits for children with HCC are unproven. 5. Demonstrated extrahepatic spread at the time of transplantation is a contraindication to transplantation for patients with HCC or HB. Macroinvasion at the time of transplantation is a relative contraindication to transplantation. 6. Children with primary hepatic malignancies who are transplant candidates should be prioritized on the deceased donor waiting list. However, the criteria for prioritizing adult HCC patients have not been proven to be relevant for children. Liver Transpl 16:S13-S21, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Visually-induced adaptive plasticity in the human vestibulo-ocular reflex.

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is under adaptive control which corrects VOR performance when visual-vestibular mismatch arises during head movements. However, the dynamic characteristics of VOR adaptive plasticity remain controversial. In this study, eye movements (coil technique) were recorded from normal human subjects during sinusoidal rotations in darkness before and after 8 h. of adaptation to 2X binocular lenses. The VOR was studied at 7 frequencies between 0.025 and 4.0 Hz at 50°/s peak head velocity (less for 2.5–4 Hz). For 0.025 and 0.25 Hz, the VOR was tested at 4 peak head velocities between 50 and 300° /s. Before 2X lens adaptation, VOR gain was around 0.9 at 2.5–4.0 Hz and dropped gradually with decreasing frequency to under 0.6 at 0.025 Hz. Phase showed a small lead at the highest frequencies which declined to 0° as frequency decreased to 0.5–0.25 Hz, but then rose to 14° by 0.025 Hz. VOR gain was independent of head velocity in the range 50–300°/s at both 0.025 and 0.25 Hz. However, Phase lead rose with increasing head velocity, more so at 0.025 than at 0.25 Hz. After 2X lens adaptation, gain rose across the frequency bandwidth. However, the proportional gain enhancement was frequency dependent; it was greatest at 0.025 Hz (44%), and declined with increasing frequency to reach a minimum at 4 Hz (19%). Phase lead increased after 2X lens adaptation at lower frequencies, but decreased at higher frequencies. New velocity-dependent gain nonlinearities also developed which were not present prior to adaptation; gain declined as peak head velocity increased from 50 to 300°/s at both 0.025 (23% drop) and 0.25 Hz (15% drop). This may suggest an amplitude-dependent limitation in VOR adaptive plasticity. Results indicate both frequency and amplitude dependent nonlinearities in human VOR response dynamics before and after adaptive gain recalibration.
Outcome of cytomegalovirus infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections complicating the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: The records and clinical courses were reviewed for all IBD patients who were evaluated at the IBD Center of the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and who developed CMV infection. RESULTS: Ten patients with severe, medically refractory IBD (five ulcerative colitis, three Crohn’s colitis, and two indeterminate colitis) developed CMV infection. All but two were hospitalized with exacerbation of their underlying disease and were receiving immunosuppressive treatment with steroids, thiopurines, and/or cyclosporine at the time CMV infection was recognized. Eight patients had documented colonic CMV (one had concurrent upper GI tract involvement), one developed interstitial CMV and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and one developed primary CMV mononucleosis. Prompt treatment with ganciclovir and withdrawal of immunosuppressive treatment resulted in gradual improvement and induction of remission of the underlying IBD in five patients. The patient with concomitant CMV and P. carinii pneumonitis died. In two patients, treatment with ganciclovir did not alter the clinical course of their IBD, and one of them underwent colectomy. In one patient CMV was found on the resected colonic specimen. One patient with primary CMV infection responded also to ganciclovir treatment. CONCLUSIONS: CMV infection may aggravate the course of seemingly refractory IBD in patients who either fail to respond or experience worsening of symptoms despite immunosuppressive therapy. Expedient evaluation, prompt treatment intervention with ganciclovir, and withdrawal of immunosuppressive treatment may avoid complications and mortality. This regimen leads to improvement of the underlying IBD in most patients.
Metal matrix contact surfaces for high current applications

Summary form only given. Results are reported concerning recent advances in metal matrix-material fabrication showing that wear-resistant materials can be combined with conductive binders to produce current collectors with low-wear and high current-carrying capabilities for use as rotor disks in high-current multimegawatt homopolar machines. The author gives a description of the dynamic wear testing machine used to test various material combinations. The results of the testing showed that an aluminium bronze matrix was superior to a copper matrix due to its intrinsic hardness. Additionally, it is generally concluded that: (1) conductive ceramics can reinforce conductive metals and provide an increase in wear resistance, while sacrificing some conductivity; (2) lubrication reduces wear in materials, specifically adhesive wear, and controls interface temperatures; and (3) systems approach to defining wear pair compatibility is needed to better define the responses of material to high currents and sliding velocities. For the author's purposes the wear tester designed and built best fits this description, but materials compatibility work is still needed to optimize the disk and brush materials. >
Gender and work history in the placement and perceptions of elder community volunteers

This study explored factors that determine the types of volunteer jobs older adults are placed in, as well as factors that define the meaning of their roles. With a sample of 169 elder community volunteers (mean age, 73 years), we investigated the patterns of job perceptions of women and men in two types of volunteer positions: jobs that involved leadership and jobs that did not. A two-way MANOVA with gender and leadership as independent variables revealed that there was a significant interaction effect. When men are leaders, their sense of interpersonal feedback is higher than when they are non-leaders, but their sense of influence and autonomy is lower. Women in leadership jobs feel more influential and autonomous than their peers in non-leadership jobs. Subsequent analyses probing differences in job placement suggested that work history was a significant predictor of leadership jobs for men, but not for women. Correspondingly, men with prestigious preretirement work histories perceived their volunteer roles as less influential than men who had been in lower status jobs before retirement. Work history was not a predictor of job perception for women. These placement and perception issues are discussed within the context of an historical perspective on paid work, with special emphasis on gender.
A model for drug-receptor remote recognition applied to certain hydrogen bonding systems.

Abstract The energies associated with the interaction and conformational change of model compounds simulating drug and receptor features have been predicted using CNDO/2 calculations on a united molecule. In this second study of the hypothesis of remote recognition of preferred conformation we have examined systems involved in hydrogen bonding. We have found that a system containing interacting electron lone pairs behaves at variance with our hypothesis. Other systems in this study support the hypothesis.
Therapy-induced malignant neoplasms in Nf1 mutant mice

Summary Therapy-induced cancers are a severe complication of genotoxic therapies. We used heterozygous Nf1 mutant mice as a sensitized genetic background to investigate tumor induction by radiation (RAD) and cyclophosphamide (CY). Mutagen-exposed Nf1 +/− mice developed secondary cancers that are common in humans, including myeloid malignancies, sarcomas, and breast cancers. RAD cooperated strongly with heterozygous Nf1 inactivation in tumorigenesis. Most of the solid tumors showed loss of the wild-type Nf1 allele but retained two Trp53 alleles. Comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated distinct patterns of copy number aberrations in sarcomas and breast cancers from Nf1 mutant mice, and tumor cell lines showed deregulated Ras signaling. Nf1 +/− mice provide a tractable model for investigating the pathogenesis of common mutagen-induced cancers and for testing preventive strategies.
The Emergence of Nonprofit Self-Regulation in Africa

This article examines the evolution of NGO self-regulation in Africa from 1990 through 2009 using cross-national data on 22 countries and more detailed case studies of 6 initiatives. The article uses collective action theory to characterize self-regulation as a collective endeavor in which organizations must find ways to develop and maintain common standards and mechanisms for monitoring and oversight. The article argues that self-regulation in Africa has unfolded in two generations. The first generation was a response to perceived threats of increased government regulation and resulted in systems of self-regulation that are national in scope and intend to produce a public good: national regulation. Second generation initiatives occurred in more liberal political environments; as a result, these second-generation initiatives often operate as a complement or supplement to government regulation. Second-generation self-regulation programs tend to have stronger standards and enforcement, but more limited orga...
A computation of differential distillations from true boiling data for hydrocarbon mixtures

Abstract A functional equation that relates a true boiling point distillation with a differential distillation, as defined by Rayleigh's Equation, is derived. It is a nonlinear integral equation which is solved by numerical computation. The calculation is applied to data on gasoline and hydrocarbon mixtures.
Peritoneal Fluid Bilirubin to Serum Bilirubin Ratio for the Diagnosis of Bile Leaks in Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipients

A peritoneal fluid-to-serum bilirubin ratio (FSBR) of >5 has been shown to be accurate for the detection of bile leaks in post-cholecystectomy and trauma patients; however, there are no studies evaluating the accuracy of this threshold ratio in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients. We performed a nested case–control analysis to determine the optimal FSBR threshold for diagnosing bile leaks in OLT recipients and the relationship between FSBR and likelihood of bile leak. Adult OLT patients undergoing ERCP for suspected bile leak were divided into 2 groups: those with cholangiographic evidence of a bile leak and those without evidence of leak. Of 57 included patients, 37 were found to have a bile leak on cholangiogram (64.9 %). We found a relationship between higher FSBR and the presence of a bile leak (OR 2.84, 95 % CI 1.37–5.88, p = 0.005). A FSBR of >3.25 produced the optimal sensitivity and specificity for identifying bile leaks in OLT recipients (area under ROC curve 0.8865, sensitivity 72.97 %, specificity 95.00 %). We conclude FSBR is an easily accessible, moderately accurate test to diagnose bile leaks in liver transplant recipients. This test can inform clinical decision-making with regard to the utilization of ERCP in lower suspicion transplant recipients with a suspected bile leak.
Late administration of antenatal vitamin A promotes pulmonary structural maturation and improves ventilation in the lamb model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

The lungs in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are hypoplastic and immature making respiratory support one of the most challenging aspects of caring for these neonates. Vitamin A is essential for normal lung growth and development. It also promotes alveolarization. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of antenatal vitamin A on lung growth and alveolarization and ventilation in the lamb model of CDH. This study was approved by the Animal Care Committee of the State University of New York at Buffalo, and conforms to the National Institute of Health guidelines. Diaphragmatic defects were created at 79–81 days gestation. Group 1 lambs (CDH, n = 5) were untreated. In group 2 (CDH + vitamin A, n = 6) and group 3 lambs (control + vitamin A, n = 3) right jugular venous catheters were inserted at 118–120 days and retinyl palmitate (vitamin A) was administered until 135 days. The control group (n = 5) consisted of twin littermates. Lambs were delivered at 136–139 days and ventilated for 2 h according to a set protocol. The left lungs were harvested and fixed for histology. Lung compliance was significantly higher in CDH + vitamin A (median 0.27, range 0.1–0.48 ml/cmH2O/kg) versus CDH lambs (median 0.07, range 0.07–0.18 ml/cmH2O/kg), P < 0.05. At 1 h CDH + vitamin A lambs experienced significantly lower PaCO2 (median 115, range 35–194 mmHg vs. median 192, range 168–234 mmHg) and higher arterial pH (median 7.0, range 6.74–7.35 vs. median 6.73, range 6.5–6.81) than CDH lambs, P < 0.05. The lung weight to body weight ratio of CDH + vitamin A lambs was significantly less than that of CDH lambs (P < 0.05). Histology showed small thick walled air-spaces and no true alveoli in CDH lambs. In contrast, true alveoli and thinning of the inter-alveolar septums were seen in CDH + vitamin A lambs. This is the first study to demonstrate an improvement in lung function and structural maturation when antenatal vitamin A is given in a surgical model of CDH.
A Framework for Linking Culture and Improvement Initiatives in Organizations

We present a synthesis of the general dimensions of organizational culture used most commonly in extant research and outline how these general dimensions correspond to the specific values and beliefs underlying total quality management (TQM) practice (a comprehensive change initiative). We argue that the relationship between culture and implementation of new behaviors and practices has not been adequately explored because of the lack of a comprehensive framework for defining and measuring organizational cultures. Our framework presents a necessary step in moving toward culture as a useful explanatory concept in organizational research.
The new problem of curriculum

L'A. resume la position de I. Scheffler concernant le choix du contenu du programme scolaire, et souleve l'ambiguite de sa theorie de l'education fondee sur les interets economiques de l'individu
Effect of the ac field on a single-molecule magnet bridged between conducting leads

Abstract We study quantum spin-rotation effects for a single-molecule magnet bridged between two conducting leads in the ac and dc magnetic fields. The Landau–Zener dynamics induced by the magnetic field generates mechanical torque, making the molecule to oscillate. This mechanical motion of the molecule exhibits unique features that can be detected by measuring the electronic tunneling current through the molecule.
Failure of infinite life span human cells from different immortality complementation groups to yield finite life span hybrids.

The observation that fusion of infinite life span cells with finite life span cells produces hybrid cells with finite life spans led to the conclusion that an infinite life span in culture is a recessive trait resulting from loss of the function of a gene or genes that contribute to an active program for cellular senescence. Furthermore, finding that certain pairs of infinite life span cells, when fused to one another, can complement each other to yield finite life span hybrids allowed 30 infinite life span cell lines to be assigned to four immortality complementation groups (Pereira-Smith and Smith, 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 85:6042). In the present study, we fused a chromosomally stable, near diploid, morphologically normal, infinite life span cell strain, designated MSU-1.1, with its normal, finite life span, precursor cell strain and obtained finite life span hybrids, as expected if infinite life span in culture is a recessive trait. However, 14 of the 14 hybrids from our fusions of MSU-1.1 cells with representative cell lines from each of the four immortality complementation groups, and 38 of the 39 hybrids from our fusions of infinite life span cells that have been reported to complement each other, failed to exhibit finite life spans. This result suggests that infinite life span cells cannot complement each other to yield finite life span hybrids. In examining this unexpected result, we obtained evidence that long-term dual drug selection can be deleterious to hybrid cells even though they carry resistance markers for both drugs, indicating that the cell death of such hybrids observed in other studies may have resulted from the cytotoxic effect of long-term drug selection, rather than from senescence.
Structural characterization of muscles and epithelial sheaths of the oviduct of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae).

Fine structure of both muscle and epithelial cells in the oviduct of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) was characterized. Each tubular section of the oviduct consisted of an inner epithelial sheath enveloped by an outer network of muscle fibers that showed noticeable variation in cross-sectional thickness. Some regions consisted of a single cellular layer, whereas others were composed of two or more layers of cells. Moreover, a wide variation in muscle fiber orientation was observed, with some cells appearing circular and others appearing nearly longitudinal. The myofibrils of oviduct muscles were separated into sarcomeres of irregular alignment. The classical A (1 /μm in length) and I bands of myofilaments were evident, but the Z disk consisted of discontinuous rows of dense bodies. In partially contracted muscle cells, some myofilaments of the A band passed between the dense bodies of the Z band. T-system tubules were evident and formed dyads with sarcoplasmic reticulum. The structural integrity of the oviduct was maintained by connective tissue strands between muscles and the epithelial sheath. Many of these strands consisted of basal lamina. Epithelial cells that line the inner sheath of the oviduct were cuboidal. In transection, these cells revealed a prominent apical microvillar region with large numbers of mitochondria and an extensive infolding of the basal plasma membrane.
Isotopic complexities and the age of the Delfonte volcanic rocks, eastern Mescal Range, southeastern California: Stratigraphic and tectonic implications

Combined U-Pb zircon, Rb-Sr, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar laser-fusion, and conventional K-Ar geochronology establish a late Early Cretaceous age for the Delfonte volcanic rocks. U-Pb zircon analyses define a lower intercept age of 100.5 ± 2 Ma that is interpreted as the crystallization age of the Delfonte sequence. Argon studies document both xenocrystic contamination and postemplacement Ar loss. Rb-Sr results from mafic lavas at the base of the sequence demonstrate compositionally correlated variations in initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios (Sr i ) from 0.706 for basalts to 0.716 for andesitic compositions. This covariation indicates substantial mixing of subcontinental lithosphere with Proterozoic upper crust. Correlations between Rb/Sr and Sr i may result not only in pseudoisochrons approaching the age of the crustal component, but also in reasonable but incorrect apparent ages approaching the true age. Ages obtained in this study require that at least some of the thrust faulting in the Mescal Range-Clark Mountain portion of the foreland fold-and-thrust belt occurred later than ca. 100 Ma and was broadly contemporaneous with emplacement of the Keystone thrust plate in the Spring Mountains to the northeast. Comparison of the age and Rb-Sr systematics of ash-flow tuff boulders in the synorogenic Lavinia Wash sequence near Goodsprings, Nevada, with those of the Delfonte volcanic rocks supports a Delfonte source for the boulders. The 99 Ma age of the Lavinia Wash sequence is nearly identical to the Delfonte age, requiring rapid erosion, transport, and deposition following Delfonte volcanism.
The effects of aging after coronary arterial bypass grafting on the regulation of cardiac output during upright exercise

We examined the effects of age on cardiac performance and the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output during upright exercise in patients free of myocardial ischemia after coronary revascularization. There were 90 subjects, aged 36 to 75 years, of whom 27 were greater than or equal to 60 years. There were no age-related changes in resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, stroke volume index, cardiac index and left ventricular ejection fraction. There were, however, age-related changes in exercise capacity (y = 20 - 0.21x, r = -0.52, P less than 0.001); exercise heart rate (y = 185 - 1x, r = -0.42, P less than 0.001); exercise end-systolic volume index (y = 11 + 0.46x, r = 0.28, P less than 0.01) and exercise ejection fraction (y = 81 - 0.31x, r = -0.28, P less than 0.01). In a subgroup of 54 patients with comparable exercise workload (27 aged less than 60 and 27 greater than or equal to 60 years), the age-related differences in exercise end-systolic volume index, exercise ejection fraction and exercise cardiac index were not observed, but the exercise heart rate was still higher in the younger patients (y = 168 - 0.76x, r = -0.34, P less than 0.01). Thus, age modifies the compensatory mechanisms that regulate the cardiac output during exercise. Young and old patients alike show increases in end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction to maintain exercise cardiac output. The higher exercise heart rate in the younger subjects suggests a decrease in cardiac responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation associated with aging.
CaveCAD: Architectural design in the CAVE

CaveCAD is our in-house developed 3D modeling tool, which runs in immersive virtual reality environments, such as CAVEs. We built it from the ground up, in collaboration with architects, to explore how immersive 3D interaction systems can support 3D modeling tasks. CaveCAD offers typical 3D modeling functions, such as geometry creation, modification of existing geometry, assignment of surface materials and textures, the use of libraries of 3D components, geographical placement functions, and shadows. CaveCAD goes beyond traditional 3D modeling tools by utilizing direct 3D interaction methods. We evaluated our modeling system by running a small pilot study with four participants: two novice users and two expert users were tasked to build Disney World's magic castle.
The Structure of the Gene for Murine CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase, Ctpct: RELATIONSHIP OF EXON STRUCTURE TO FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS AND IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSCRIPTIONAL START SITES AND POTENTIAL UPSTREAM REGULATORY ELEMENTS

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the most abundant eukaryotic phospholipid and serves critical structural and cell-signaling functions. CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway of PC biosynthesis, which is utilized by all tissues and is the sole or major PC biosynthetic pathway in all non-hepatic cells. Herein, we present the complete structure of the murine CT (Ctpct) gene. One P1 genomic clone and six subsequent plasmid subclones were isolated and analyzed for the exon-intron organization of the Ctpct gene. The gene spans approximately 26 kilobases and is composed of 9 exons and 8 introns. The exons match the distinct functional domains of the CT enzyme: exon 1 is untranslated; exon 2 codes for the nuclear localization signal domain; exons 4-7 encompass the catalytic domain; exon 8 codes for the alpha-helical membrane-binding domain; and exon 9 includes the C-terminal phosphorylation domain. Two transcriptional initiation sites, spaced 35 nucleotides apart, were identified using 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends polymerase chain reaction. The 5' natural flanking region was found to lack TATA or CAAT boxes and to contain GC-rich regions, which are features typical of promoters of housekeeping genes. Several sites that have the potential to interact with transcription regulatory factors, such as Sp1, AP1, AP2, AP3, Y1, and TFIIIA, were identified in the 5'-region of the gene and found to be distributed in two distinct clusters. These data will provide the basis for future studies on the cis- and trans-acting factors involved in Ctpct gene transcription and for the creation of induced mutant mouse models of altered CT activity.
Interfacial behavior of high performance organic fibers

Abstract The surface and interfacial properties of different high performance fibers of current interest have been analyzed. The pyridobisimidazole fiber M5 shows a markedly higher polar contribution to its surface free energy than the rest of the organic fibers under study. Interfacial shear strength (IFSS) values measured by means of the microdroplet test indicate that M5 fiber has an IFSS that doubles that of the Kevlar fibers, in agreement with the observed results from surface free energy tests. Armos fiber, a para-aramid material that incorporates imidazole functional groups, shows an average IFSS 30–35% higher than the Kevlar fibers. SEM micrographs of failed microdroplet specimens show different failure mechanisms for the Kevlar KM2, Armos and M5 fibers. The KM2 specimens fail due to complete detachment of surface fibrils from the bulk of the fiber, while Armos specimens fail by the combined effect of microfibrillation on the fiber surface coupled with adhesive failure. In contrast, M5 microdroplet specimens exhibit failure surfaces consisting of partial matrix yielding during droplet debonding, indicative of the high level of interfacial bonding to the surface and higher levels of hydrogen bonding within the fiber that suppress microfibrillation. The higher polar character of the M5 surface can lead to the presence of an interphase region with different mechanical properties from the bulk matrix.
Thymic lymphocyte differentiation and thymic leukemogenesis.

Abstract Henry Kaplan helped establish the fields of lymphocyte biology and viral leukemogenesis by his early and continuing studies on radiation leukemogenesis. As one of Henry's students I carried on these dual preoccupations with thymic lymphocytopoiesis and thymic lymphomagenesis. This communication demonstrates that 1) thymic lymphocytes are derived from bone marrow precursors which lack any T cell markers; 2) these bone marrow cells (or their clonogenic subsets) can give rise to either thymic cortical plus medullary progeny, or medullary progeny alone; 3) thymic lymphocytes mature in contact with 3–5 classes of nonlymphoid cells (thymic nurse cells, cortical dendritic epithelial cells, medullary epithelial cells, dendritic reticular cells, and macrophages), and one of these subsets, cortical dendritic epithelial cells, express an unusual distribution of MHC antigen (perhaps utilized in the maturation of T cell MHC restriction); 4) the population of cells which are poised to emigrate from the thymus are a unique subset of cortical cells which possess peripheral lymphoid organ homing receptors; and 5) the thymic target cells for retrovirus lymphomagenesis express highly specific retrovirus receptors that are analogous (and perhaps synonymous) with antigen-specific T cell receptors.
Immediate Postabortion Intrauterine Device Insertion: Continuation and Satisfaction

Abstract Background The provision of intrauterine devices (IUDs) immediately postabortion has the potential to decrease unintended pregnancy in the United States. Studies have demonstrated safety and efficacy; however, there are limited data about continuation, satisfaction, and bleeding patterns among women receiving immediate postabortion IUDs. Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing immediate postabortion IUD insertion. Demographics and clinical data were collected from intake forms and procedure notes. We attempted to contact women by telephone to administer a short questionnaire to assess continuation, satisfaction, and bleeding patterns. Results We were able to contact 77 of 225 (34%). Women lost to follow-up were more likely to have higher parity or a pregnancy of greater gestational age at the time of abortion compared with women who were successfully contacted. Continuation and satisfaction rates were high (80.5% and 80.6%, respectively). Reported bleeding patterns with IUD use were similar to previously reported patterns. Conclusion Follow-up of women undergoing immediate postabortion IUD insertion is challenging. However, we found that women choosing immediate postabortion IUD had high rates of continuation and satisfaction.
HMM-based address parsing: efficiently parsing billions of addresses on MapReduce

Record linkage is the task of identifying which records in one or more data collections refer to the same entity, and address is one of the most commonly used fields in databases. Hence, segmentation of the raw addresses into a set of semantic fields is the primary step in this task. In this paper, we present a probabilistic address parsing system based on the Hidden Markov Model. We also introduce several novel approaches to build models for noisy real-world addresses, obtaining 95.6% F-measure. Furthermore, we demonstrate the viability and efficiency of this system for large-scale data by scaling it up to parse billions of addresses with Hadoop.
Composition of Zelkova seed oil

Seeds of the treeZelkova serrata, familyUlmaceae, were found to contain 21.7% of glyceride oil having icdine value 12.9, saponification value 292, and glycerol yield 13.6%. The oil was converted to methyl esters and examined by gas chromatography, followed by fractional distillation of the esters and identification of the individual acids. The percentage composition of the acids is estimated as follows: caprylic 8, capric 73, lauric 3, myristic 1, palmitic 2, stearic 1, oleic 3, linoleic 3, undetermined 6. The content of capric acid is higher than has been found in any natural oil or fat. Comparing it with other genera ofUlmaceae, the oil ofZelkova is seen to resemble closely that ofUlmus sp. but to be quite different from the oils ofCeltis andTrema.
Age dependent production of a competence factor by human fibroblasts

Several cell types such as Balb/c 3T3 have been shown to require platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF); however, strains of human fibroblasts from fetal donors have been shown to divide in medium containing plasma free of PDGF. Since human fibroblasts have been demonstrated to secrete other peptide growth factors such as somatomedin-C, we have undertaken a study to determine if fibroblasts derived from fetal donors are capable of producing a mitogen(s) which will substitute for PDGF and support growth in plasma alone. Quiescent human fibroblasts from donors ages 12-wk embryo, newborn, and 3-yr-old were exposed to serum-free minimum essential medium (MEM) for 24 hr. The conditioned media collected from embryonic and newborn fibroblast donors were demonstrated to stimulate growth in the 3-yr-old cells with the addition of plasma alone, whereas conditioned medium from the 3-yr-old donor cells was without effect. The increases in growth and DNA synthesis were dependent upon concentration of media used. Conditioned medium derived from newborn fibroblasts also supported 3-yr-old cell growth but embryonic conditioned medium was more potent. The embryonic conditioned medium factor was heat and acid stable but destroyed by trypsin and excluded by a 5,000 (MW) molecular weight filter. The factor(s) had full competence factor activity since transient exposure to fibroblasts (3-yr-old donor) stimulated 78% nuclear labeling vs. 81% with continuous exposure. These results support the concept that there is an age-dependent production of a competence factor by human fibroblasts which may partially account for their capacity to grow in medium devoid of PDGF and supplemented with plasma alone.
Mean signal and response time influences on multivoxel signals of contextual retrieval in the medial temporal lobe.

Introduction The medial temporal lobe supports integrating the “what,” “where,” and “when” of an experience into a unified memory. However, it remains unclear how representations of these contextual features are neurally encoded and distributed across medial temporal lobe subregions. Methods This study conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging of the medial temporal lobe, while participants retrieved pair, spatial, and temporal source memories. Multivoxel classifiers were trained to distinguish between retrieval conditions before and after correction for mean signal and response times, to more thoroughly characterize the multivoxel signal associated with memory context. Results Activity in perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex dissociated between memory for associated items and memory for their spatiotemporal context, and hippocampal activity was linked to memory for spatial context. However, perirhinal and hippocampal classifiers were, respectively, driven by effects of mean signal amplitude and task difficulty, whereas the parahippocampal classifier survived correction for these effects. Conclusion These findings demonstrate dissociable coding mechanisms for episodic memory context across the medial temporal lobe, and further highlight a critical distinction between multivoxel representations driven by spatially distributed activity patterns, and those driven by the regional signal.
Fluxon dissipation in a viscoelastic superconductor

Abstract The dissipation of the dynamic stresses surrounding a fluxon in a viscoelastic superconductor is shown to produce a significant contribution to the viscosity of a fluxon. Disorder-induced relaxation in glassy superconductors is shown to lead to a velocity dependent fluxon viscosity.
Polygalacturonate lyase production by Thermomonospora curvata on protein-extracted lucerne fiber

Protein-extracted lucerne fiber was used as carbon and energy source for production of extracellular polygalacturonate lyase byThermomonospora curvata. The optimal fiber concentration was 1.5% (w/v); peal lyase activity in culture fluid occurred after 3 days growth at 53°C. During that time, lyase biosynthesis was controlled through induction; production was accelerated by adding small amounts of pectin or by grinding the fiber to 40-mesh particle size to release more inducer. After 3 days growth, lyase activity decreased; inactivation of the enzyme was delayed by the presence of 1 mM Ca or by inhibition of serine proteases with 0.05 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. The molecular weight of the lyase produced during growth on the fiber was 35 kDa compared to 56 kDa for the enzyme produced on pure pectin. TheKm of the 35-kDa form was 0.54% pectin compared to 0.06% for the 56-kDa form. The smaller form was rapidly inactivated at 60°C, the optimal temperature for activity of the larger form.
Special issue from the ISPRS 3D-ARCH2011 and 3D-ARCH2013 workshop on “3D virtual reconstruction and visualization of complex architectures”

The bi-annual ISPRS Workshop on “3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures” (http:// www.3d-arch.org) is a series of events focusing on the process of creating virtual environments from multiple data sources. The workshop includes topics like automated 3D modeling algorithms and techniques, procedural methods for architectural modeling, accuracy requirement and assessment for 3D reconstruction, low-cost sensors and open-source algorithms for architecural 3D modeling, algorithms for terrestrial sensors and data integration, automated BIM geometry capture, and so on. The papers presented in this special issue derive papers from the 2011 and 2013 events which took place in Trento (Italy) and three best paper awards. The articles touches research topics on complex architectures and highlights outstanding methodologies developed in this research field. Enjoy the reading, F. Remondino