cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurosurgical Skills Assessment: Measuring Technical Proficiency in Neurosurgery Residents Through Intraoperative Video Evaluations

Objectives Although technical skills are fundamental in neurosurgery, there is little agreement on how to describe, measure, or compare skills among surgeons. The primary goal of this study was to develop a quantitative grading scale for technical surgical performance that distinguishes operator skill when graded by domain experts (residents, attendings, and nonsurgeons). Scores provided by raters should be highly reliable with respect to scores from other observers. Methods Neurosurgery residents were fitted with a head-mounted video camera while performing craniotomies under attending supervision. Seven videos, 1 from each postgraduate year (PGY) level (1–7), were anonymized and scored by 16 attendings, 8 residents, and 7 nonsurgeons using a grading scale. Seven skills were graded: incision, efficiency of instrument use, cauterization, tissue handling, drilling/craniotomy, confidence, and training level. Results A strong correlation was found between skills score and PGY year ( P P t test). Significant variation among junior residents was observed, and senior residents' scores were not significantly different from one another. Interrater reliability, measured against other observers, was high ( r = 0.581 ± 0.245, Spearman), as was assessment of resident training level ( r = 0.583 ± 0.278, Spearman). Both variables were strongly correlated ( r = 0.90, Pearson). Attendings, residents, and nonsurgeons did not score differently ( P = 0.46, analysis of variance). Conclusions Technical skills of neurosurgery residents recorded during craniotomy can be measured with high interrater reliability. Surgeons and nonsurgeons alike readily distinguish different skill levels. This type of assessment could be used to coach residents, to track performance over time, and potentially to compare skill levels. Developing an objective tool to evaluate surgical performance would be useful in several areas of neurosurgery education.
DASH: Deadline-Aware High-Performance Memory Scheduler for Heterogeneous Systems with Hardware Accelerators

Modern SoCs integrate multiple CPU cores and hardware accelerators (HWAs) that share the same main memory system, causing interference among memory requests from different agents. The result of this interference, if it is not controlled well, is missed deadlines for HWAs and low CPU performance. Few previous works have tackled this problem. State-of-the-art mechanisms designed for CPU-GPU systems strive to meet a target frame rate for GPUs by prioritizing the GPU close to the time when it has to complete a frame. We observe two major problems when such an approach is adapted to a heterogeneous CPU-HWA system. First, HWAs miss deadlines because they are prioritized only when close to their deadlines. Second, such an approach does not consider the diverse memory access characteristics of different applications running on CPUs and HWAs, leading to low performance for latency-sensitive CPU applications and deadline misses for some HWAs, including GPUs.In this article, we propose a Deadline-Aware memory Scheduler for Heterogeneous systems (DASH), which overcomes these problems using three key ideas, with the goal of meeting HWAs’ deadlines while providing high CPU performance. First, DASH prioritizes an HWA when it is not on track to meet its deadline any time during a deadline period, instead of prioritizing it only when close to a deadline. Second, DASH prioritizes HWAs over memory-intensive CPU applications based on the observation that memory-intensive applications’ performance is not sensitive to memory latency. Third, DASH treats short-deadline HWAs differently as they are more likely to miss their deadlines and schedules their requests based on worst-case memory access time estimates.Extensive evaluations across a wide variety of different workloads and systems show that DASH achieves significantly better CPU performance than the best previous scheduler while always meeting the deadlines for all HWAs, including GPUs, thereby largely improving frame rates.
Content Management and Web 2.0 with Drupal

SUMMARY The University of Minnesota Health Sciences Libraries undertook several major Web-related projects in 2006, including a complete overhaul of those systems supporting Web content publishing at the libraries. Based upon identified user needs and internal technology support considerations, the Health Sciences Libraries chose a popular open source content management tool known as “Drupal.” This paper discusses content management system components and how they are manifested in the Drupal framework. The Health Sciences Libraries' local installation is then considered in more detail.
Posterior Instability and Labral Pathology

Posterior labral lesions result from posterior instability and are relatively less common compared to anterior labral tears. Subluxations are more frequent, with dislocations secondary to trauma being less than half the cases. Subluxations can result from repetitive microtrauma to the posterior capsule. Traumatic posterior dislocations typically occur after a direct blow to the anterior shoulder or a fall on a forward flexed shoulder. Posterior labral and capsular tears have a lower and more variable prevalence in patients with posterior instability and often present clinically as poorly localized shoulder pain with fatigue of the static and dynamic stabilizers. In this chapter, the most common MRI findings—such as reverse Bankart lesions and posterior labrocapsular sleeve avulsion—are described and classified, and four clinical cases with intraoperative pictures are presented.
Response of White Leghorn Hens to Various Dietary Levels of Cassia obtusifolia and Nutrient Fortification as a Means of Alleviating Depressed Performance

Abstract Two 28-day experiments with White Leghorn hens were conducted to determine the adverse effect level of ground Cassia obtusifolia seed (coffeeweed) in the diet and to examine the nutrient fortification required to improve depressed performance due to the presence of the seed. In both experiments, five individually caged hens were used for each of the four treatment replications. Treatments for Experiment 1 consisted of a control and six diets with ground C. obtusifolia seed substituted for a filler at levels of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7%. In Experiment 2, a series of nutritionally fortified (15 to 20% higher nutrient levels) and unfortified diets coupled with seed levels of 0, 4, 6, and 8% for a total of eight treatments was used. Average daily feed intake, hen-day egg production, egg weight, egg specific gravity, and body weight change were determined during each experiment. For Experiment 1, average daily feed consumption was measured every 24 h for the first 3 days. Egg production and feed consumption were significantly reduced by 2% seed in Experiment 1. Within the first 24 h, feed intake was decreased to 37% below that of controls by increasing to the highest seed level. Egg specific gravity dropped significantly below that of controls when hens were fed 5% seed. In Experiment 2, fortification improved feed consumption, hen-day egg production, body weight change, and egg specific gravity over that of birds fed unfortified diets with the same seed level. Finished diets contaminated with 2%, or more, C. obtusifolia seed can cause reduced performance in laying hens, but nutritionally fortifying these diets can help to alleviate depressed performance.
Myrmecophiles from the Western United States and Lower California

In February, 1923, the writer made a short trip into Lower California, from Loreto to Comondu. The season was extremely dry and little insect life was seen, but beneath stones in canyons, especially toward evening, a few ants were active and among them were found two undescribed species of beetles, one of them an anomalous, blind Aleocharine that can be assigned to no known genus, the other a third species of the Histerid genus Echinodes .
Characterization of milled wood lignin (MWL) in Loblolly pine stem wood, residue, and bark.

Milled wood lignin samples from Loblolly pine stem wood, forest residue, and bark were isolated and characterized by quantitative 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for molecular weight determination. Results from 13C NMR show the stem wood and forest residue samples have similar functional group contents. However, the bark has fewer methoxyl groups, β-O-4 structures, dibenzodioxocin, and side chains than the other two lignins. The bark lignin has the highest amounts of p-hydroxyphenyl (h) and C-5 condensed lignin, stem wood has the lowest, and the residue lies between. 31P NMR analysis indicates that bark lignin contains more C-5 substituted phenolics and fewer aliphatic hydroxyl groups than the lignin isolated from stem wood or residue. The molecular weight distribution analysis indicates the bark lignin has higher weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity index than the lignin recovered fro...
Erratum: sensitivity of the magnetorotational instability to the shear parameter in stratified simulations

The magnetorotational instability (MRI) is a shear instability and thus its sensitivity to the shear parameter $q = - d\ln\Omega/d\ln r $ is of interest to investigate. Motivated by astrophysical disks, most (but not all) previous MRI studies have focused on the Keplerian value of $ q=1.5$. Using simulation with 8 vertical density scale heights, we contribute to the subset of studies addressing the the effect of varying $q$ in stratified numerical simulations. We discuss why shearing boxes cannot easily be used to study $q>2$ and thus focus on $q<2$. As per previous simulations, which were either unstratified or stratified with a smaller vertical domain, we find that the $q$ dependence of stress for the stratified case is not linear, contrary to the Shakura-Sunyaev model. We find that the scaling agrees with \cite{1996MNRAS.281L..21A} who found it to be proportional to the shear to vorticity ratio $q/(2-q)$. We also find however, that the shape of the magnetic and kinetic energy spectra are relatively insensitive to $q$ and that the ratio of Maxwell stress to magnetic energy ratio also remains nearly independent of $q$. This is consistent with a theoretical argument in which the rate of amplification of the azimuthal field depends linearly on $q$ and the turbulent correlation time $\tau$ depends inversely on $q$. As such, we measure the correlation time of the turbulence and find that indeed it is inversely proportional to $q$.
A Vasopressin-Like Neurohemal System in Lymantria Dispar and Manduca Sexta

Using an antiserum to lys-vasopressin (Incstar), a small population of cells is stained which is different from that reported previously in insects. This study was done using an indirect immunofluorescent method (Davis, 1987) applied to the CNS of Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) and Man-duca sexta. The antiserum was used at working dilutions 1:2000. Preabsorbtion of the working solution with synthetic arg- and lys-vasopressin (1 uM/ml) completely abolished the staining. The vasopressin-like immunoreceptive (VLI) cells were not stained by an antiserum specific to arg-vasopressin (Peninsula Laboratories) nor by an antiserum to oxytocin (Chemicon). These results suggest that the VLI material has epitopes common to lys- and arg-vasopressin.
Clinial efficacy of facial corticosteroid addictive dermatitis with traditional chinese combined western medicine

Objective To treat the clinical efficacy of treatment for patients with facial corticosteroid addictive dermatitis by using traditional Chinese combined western medicine. Methods 98 patients with facial corticosteroid addictive dermatitis were randomly divided into study group(49 cases) and control group(49 cases). Patients in study group were treated with Xiatare tablets through the mouth three times a day, and topically added mixture of tacrolimus ointment and moist exposed burn ointiment twice a day. While patients in control group were only topically added tacrolimus ointment twice a day. Results The healing rate(68.89%) and efficiency rate(93.88%) in study group were significantly higher than that in control group(12.24%, 40.81%), there was significant difference between two groups(all P 0.05). Conclusion The treatment for patients with facial corticosteroid addictive dermatitis by using traditional Chinese combined western medicine is better than only western medicine treatment.
Identification of microvascular transport pathways in skeletal muscle.

The solvent-drag reflection coefficient (sigma f) was measured from plasma disappearance (integral-mass balance method) for native albumin and four fluorescent solutes of radii from 2 to 16 nm in the isolated, plasma-perfused cat hindlimb preparation. The data for the smallest solutes were measured > 2 h after tracer addition and at high filtration rates to avoid underestimation of sigma f due to tracer diffusion. A two-pore model was fit (small-pore and large-pore radii, approximately 3.5 and 23 nm, respectively, 84% of hydraulic capacity in small pores) to these data using an objective computer-based estimation procedure. In the model, membrane sigma f was determined by flow weighting the sigma f values for the two pathways. Also, the phenomenon of volume circulation among the pathways was included. In different limbs, the permeability-surface area (PS) product was measured for the smallest solute, alpha-lactalbumin, from its perfusate-disappearance transient and a linear diffusion model. The PS value estimated was 0.11 +/- 0.026 (95% confidence limits) ml.min-1 times 100 g muscle-1. These PS values were found to be coincident with those predicted using parameter sets derived from the multiparameter 95% confidence space consistent with the two-pore model fits. The two-pore model also closely predicted PS data for small solutes from other studies in skeletal muscle; however, it failed to adequately describe small-molecule transport data from osmotic transient studies. It was necessary to add a water-exclusive pathway (40% of total hydraulic capacity) to account for these latter data; however, the predictions with this addition were still consistent with the data measured in the present study. We conclude that pore models can describe both macromolecular and small solute reflection coefficient and PS data in skeletal muscle.
Abstract 4439: Relationship between DNA methylation of TET genes and levels of 5-methyl-cytosine and 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine in hepatocellular carcinoma

Long-term survival after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis has clearly improved as a result of treatment by means of a liver transplant. However, a large number of cases do not meet the transplant criteria and undergo resection. In these patients, loss of global DNA hydroxymethylation has been linked to worse prognosis, but no association has been found in transplant patients. Differential epigenetic processing is a possible reason for this, and has not been previously explored. The process of DNA demethylation is mediated by the family of ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, that catalyze the conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). There are three different TET protein variants: TET1, TET2 and TET3. Studies have shown that expression of at least TET1 is epigenetically regulated. In this study we investigated the association between DNA methylation of TET genes and global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in 66 tumor (T) and non-tumor (NT) paired samples of individuals treated at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York. Levels of 5mC and 5hmC were determined by UPLC/MS/MS, and DNA methylation of the TET promoters was obtained from Illumina Infinium 450k CpG array data. Mean levels of 5mC (T = 3.15±0.49% vs. NT = 3.80±0.12% (p Citation Format: Lissette Delgado-Cruzata, Hui-Chen Wu, Jin Shen, Tiffany Thomas, Abby B. Siegel, Yu-Jing Zhang, Abhishek Goyal, Christine C. Hsu, Helen E. Remotti, Regina M. Santella. Relationship between DNA methylation of TET genes and levels of 5-methyl-cytosine and 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine in hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4439.
The effects of long-term estradiol treatment on social behavior and gene expression in adult female rats.

Abstract This study tested the effects of long-term estradiol (E 2 ) replacement on social behavior and gene expression in brain nuclei involved in the regulation of these social behaviors in adult female rats. We developed an ultrasonic vocalization (USV) test and a sociability test to examine communications, social interactions, and social preference, using young adult female cagemates. All rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and implanted with a Silastic capsule containing E 2 or vehicle, and housed in same-treatment pairs for a 3-month period. Then, rats were behaviorally tested, euthanized, and 5 nuclei in the brain's social decision-making circuit were selected for neuromolecular profiling by a multiplex qPCR method. Our novel USV test proved to be a robust tool to measure numbers and types of calls emitted by cagemates that had been reintroduced after a 1-week separation. Results also showed that E 2 -treated OVX rats had profoundly decreased numbers of USV calls compared to vehicle-treated OVX rats. In a test of sociability, in which a female was allowed to choose between her cagemate or a same-treatment novel rat, we found few effects of E 2 compared to vehicle, although interestingly, rats chose the cagemate over an unfamiliar conspecific. Gene expression results revealed that the supraoptic nucleus had the greatest number of gene changes caused by E 2 : Oxt , Oxtr and Avp were increased, and Drd2 , Htr1a , Grin2b , and Gabbr1 were decreased, by E 2 . No genes were affected in the prefrontal cortex, and 1–4 genes were changed in paraventricular nucleus ( Pgr ), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis ( Oxtr , Esr2 , Dnmt3a ), and medial amygdala ( Oxtr , Ar , Foxp1 , Tac3 ). Thus, E 2 changes communicative interactions between adult female rats, together with selected expression of genes in the brain, especially in the supraoptic nucleus.
Hondscioh and Æschere in Beowulf

This essay has two parts. The first argues that the Beowulf-poet contrasts what we learn about the deaths of Hondscioh and AEschere in order to distinguish within his fiction between the importance of kin loyalties to their people: Hondscioh's death appears not to matter to the Geats while AEschere's does to the Danes. In this distinction the poet recognizes the strengths of kin ties. The second examines how both characters focus attention on the problems, caused by failed kin relationships, looming in the Danish court, Ingeld's burning of Heorot and Hrothulf's seizing of the throne following Hrothgar's death. These overlapping and sometimes conflicting concerns reveal a poet reshaping the Scandinavian past through fiction to explore a theme central to understanding a significant issue of his own day, the role of kin structure in succession.
Market Structure and Innovation Policies in Portugal

Similar to what is happening in other European countries, the level of concentration is high in all news media markets in Portugal. Only a few diversified media companies are dominating the markets. These companies follow a strategy of consolidation in the domestic markets and an international strategy to grow in overseas markets. This chapter shows that news media companies did not have direct access to economic support programs, unlike other industries. However, the financial supports for these programs have been progressively reduced and rethought in recent years, not only because their impact was limited, but also due to the economic pressures brought by the adverse situation that the country has gone through since 2010. Despite that innovation policy for the news media industry in Portugal does not reflect an explicit and proactive attitude from the State, the State presence can be indirectly seen.
The Physics of Nonlinear Absorption and Ultrafast Carrier Relaxation in Semiconductors

The absorption of light quanta of energy greater than the band gap in a semiconductor induces an electron to make a transition from the valence band to a state high in the conduction band, leaving behind a hole in the valence band (Fig. 1). After such an absorption process, the photoexcited electron is left with an excess energy ΔEe that is given by $${E_e} = (h\nu -{E_g}){(1 + {m_e}/{m_h})^{ -1}},$$ (1) where me is the electron effective mass and mh is the hole effective mass. The excess energy of the photogenerated hole is $${E_h} = (h\nu -{{\rm E}_g}) -{E_e}.$$ (2) These energetic electrons (holes) will quickly relax through various collisional processes to the bottom (top) of the conduction (valence) band, where eventually they will recombine. It is well established that if the photoexcitation is sufficiently intense this relaxation process results in the generation of hot electron and phonon distributions.
A biomarker of anxiety in children and adolescents: A review focusing on the error-related negativity (ERN) and anxiety across development.

Abstract Background Anxiety disorders are the most common form of psychopathology and often begin early in development. Therefore, there is interest in identifying neural biomarkers that characterize pathways leading to anxiety disorders early in the course of development. A substantial amount of work focuses on the error-related negativity (ERN) as a biomarker of anxiety. While two previous reviews have focused on the relationship of the ERN and anxiety in adults, no previous review has focused on this issue in children and adolescents. Results and conclusions Overall, 22 studies were included in the current review. A number of patterns emerged, including: 1.) The ERN is enhanced in clinically anxious children at all ages (6–18 years old), regardless of the task used to measure the ERN. 2.) Studies focusing on anxiety symptoms and temperamental fear suggest that the relationship between the ERN and normative anxiety may change across development. 3.) The ERN can predict the onset of anxiety disorders across different developmental periods. 4.) The ERN relates to other markers of risk for anxiety (e.g., aversive startle potentiation) in children and adolescents.
High-frequency electrochemical capacitors based on plasma pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose aerogel for current ripple filtering and pulse energy storage

Abstract There are great needs in developing compact-size kilohertz (kHz) high-frequency (HF) electrochemical capacitors (ECs) for ripple current filtering and environmental vibration energy harvesting. However, the previously demonstrated electrodes are generally limited to a very small areal capacitance density at 120 Hz due to sub-μm thick electrode used for meeting frequency requirement, which renders them unsuitable for practical ECs. Here, using crosslinked carbon nanofiber aerogel, derived from rapid microwave plasma pyrolysis of bacterial cellulose that was synthesized in a fermentation process, we demonstrated kHz HF-ECs with areal capacitance density as high as 4.5 mF cm −2 at 120 Hz in an aqueous electrolyte. The cruciality of plasma pyrolysis on high frequency response of the derived carbon nanofiber aerogel was discussed. The electrode performance in an organic electrolyte was further studied for operation in a large potential window of more than 3 V. Using such kHz HF-ECs, we further demonstrated their applications in rapid pulse energy storage for vibrational energy harvesting, as well as in ripple current filtering for AC/DC conversion. The promising results suggest this technology has great potential for developing practical compact HF-ECs in substitution of electrolytic capacitors for several crucial applications.
Development of a New Method to Investigate the Dynamic Friction Behavior of Interfaces Using a Kolsky Tension Bar

To understand interfacial interaction of a bi-material during an impact loading event, the dynamic friction coefficient is one of the key parameters that must be characterized and quantified. In this study, a new experimental method to determine the dynamic friction coefficient between two metals was developed by using a Kolsky tension bar and a custom-designed friction fixture. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) force sensors were used to measure the normal force applied to the friction tribo pairs and the friction force was measured with conventional Kolsky tension bar method. To evaluate the technique, the dynamic friction coefficient between 4340 steel and 7075-T6 aluminum was investigated at an impact speed of approximately 8 m/s. In addition, the dynamic friction coefficient of the tribo pairs with varied surface roughness was also investigated. The data suggest that higher surface roughness leads to higher friction coefficients at the same speed of 8 m/s.
A comparison of overall survival and perioperative outcomes between partial and radical nephrectomy for cT1b and cT2 renal cell carcinoma-Analysis of a national cancer registry.

Abstract Objectives Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the standard management of cT1a renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and there is a basis for expanding its indications to larger tumors (cT1b and cT2). We analyzed a large population-based cancer registry to compare the overall survival (OS) and perioperative outcomes in patients with cT1b and cT2 RCC undergoing PN with those undergoing radical nephrectomy (RN). Materials and methods Patients with cT1bN0M0 and cT2N0M0 RCC were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004–2013). Patients were classified by the surgery performed and 1:1 propensity matched based on the likelihood of receiving PN. They were then compared for OS, 30-day readmission rates and 30- and 90-day mortality. Results A total of 6,072 patients underwent PN. PN was associated with better OS in cT1b tumors on multivariate analyses (OR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.72–0.89; P P = 0.092). Unplanned readmission at 30 days was significantly more common in patients undergoing PN (4.2%) vs. RN (2.9%) but there was no difference in 30- and 90-day mortality between the 2 groups. Conclusions PN was associated with a significantly better OS than RN for cT1b but not cT2 RCC. PN had a higher 30-day readmission rate than RN in these tumors and appropriate patient selection is crucial. These results require further validation, ideally via randomized trials.
The Daughters of Hypatia: Dancing the Stories of Women in Mathematics

The Daughters of Hypatia: Circles of Mathematical Women is a 90-minute contemporary dance performance, featuring four women dancers, that recounts intriguing stories from the lives of women mathematicians throughout history, representing an attempt to bring mathematical women into popular culture. Daughters of Hypatia integrates theatrical storytelling, multimedia displays, engaging audience interactions, and choreographic patterns suggestive of the women’s mathematical work. The show includes autobiographical statements and dances by the performers themselves and the concert is now presented in a variety of formats, including school performances of 40 to 60 minutes, sensory-friendly performances, and full-length public performances up to an hour and a half. In this chapter, we summarize the experiences of the author’s dance company, beginning in 2011, in developing and performing this as a touring concert. In addition, we analyze audience responses, describe issues confronted during development of the work, and consider plans for future performances.
Bayesian analysis of multimethod ego-depletion studies favours the null hypothesis.

Ego-depletion refers to the purported decrease in performance on a task requiring self-control after engaging in a previous task involving self-control, with self-control proposed to be a limited resource. Despite many published studies consistent with this hypothesis, recurrent null findings within our laboratory and indications of publication bias have called into question the validity of the depletion effect. This project used three depletion protocols involved three different depleting initial tasks followed by three different self-control tasks as dependent measures (total n = 840). For each method, effect sizes were not significantly different from zero When data were aggregated across the three different methods and examined meta-analytically, the pooled effect size was not significantly different from zero (for all priors evaluated, Hedges' g = 0.10 with 95% credibility interval of [-0.05, 0.24]) and Bayes factors reflected strong support for the null hypothesis (Bayes factor > 25 for all priors evaluated).
Antipsychotic Prescriptions Among Adults With Major Depressive Disorder in Office-Based Outpatient Settings: National Trends From 2006 to 2015

Objective A recent moderately long-term study found an antipsychotic to be more effective than an antidepressant as the next-step treatment of unresponsive major depressive disorder (MDD). It is thus timely to examine recent trends in the pharmacoepidemiology of antipsychotic treatment of MDD. Methods Data from the 2006-2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, nationally representative samples of office-based outpatient visits in adults with MDD (ICD-9-CM codes 296.20-296.26 and 296.30-296.36) (n = 4,044 unweighted), were used to estimate rates of antipsychotic prescribing over these 10 years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified demographic and clinical factors independently associated with antipsychotic use in MDD. Results Antipsychotic prescribing for MDD increased from 18.5% in 2006-2007 to 24.9% in 2008-2009 and then declined to 18.9% in 2014-2015. Visits with adults 75 years or older showed the greatest decline from 27.0% in 2006-2007 to 10.7% in 2014-2015 (OR for overall trend = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.95). The most commonly prescribed antipsychotic agents were aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone. Antipsychotic prescription was associated with being black or Hispanic, having Medicare among adults under 65 years or Medicaid as a primary source of payment, and receiving mental health counseling, 3 or more concomitant medications, and diagnosis of cannabis use disorder (P Conclusions Antipsychotics, prescribed for about one-fifth of adults with MDD, increased and then declined from 2006 to 2015, reflecting, first, FDA approval and then concern about adverse effects in the elderly. Future research should track evolving trends following the publication of evidence of greater long-term effectiveness of antipsychotic than antidepressant next-step therapy in adults with MDD.
Impact of Graphene on the Efficacy of Neuron Culture Substrates

How graphene influences the behavior of living cells or tissues remains a critical issue for its application in biomedical studies, despite the general acceptance that graphene is biocompatible. While direct contact between cells and graphene is not a requirement for all biomedical applications, it is often mandatory for biosensing. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether graphene impedes the ability of cells to interact with biological elements in their environment. Here, a systematic study is reported to determine whether applying graphene on top of matrix substrates masks interactions between these substrates and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Six different platforms are tested for primary RGC cultures with three platforms comprised of matrix substrates compatible with these neurons, and another three having a layer of graphene placed on top of the matrix substrates. The results demonstrate that graphene does not impede interactions between RGCs and underlying substrate matrix, such that their positive or negative effects on neuron viability and vitality are retained. However, direct contact between RGCs and graphene reduces the number, but increases basal activity, of functional cation channels. The data indicate that, when proper baselines are established, graphene is a promising biosensing material for in vitro applications in neuroscience.
Dietary treatment of hyperlipidemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate dietary therapy in the treatment of hyperlipidemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines, we screened 89 patients with SLE for hyperlipidemia. Step 1 dietary therapy was instituted in 28 patients as recommended by the NCEP. Twenty-six patients failed Step 1 intervention and received Step 2 dietary therapy for an additional 3 months. Twenty-nine control patients with SLE were tested for hyperlipidemia. RESULTS: The 89 patients with SLE (94% women, 77% black) had a mean age of 37.2 years. Fasting values were total cholesterol (TC) 6.22 +/- 0.16 mmol/l (240.9 +/- 6.0 mg/dl), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 4.08 +/- 0.14 mmol/l, (157.6 +/- 5.3 mg/dl), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) 1.37 +/- 0.08 mmol/l (53.0 +/- 3.1 mg/dl), and triglyceride (TG) 1.71 +/- 0.12 mmol/l, (151.9 +/- 10.6 mg/dl). The mean dose of prednisone was 14.2 +/- 1.6 mg/day. Prednisone dose correlated with levels of TC (p < 0.01) by linear regression. The 28 patients receiving Step 1 dietary intervention had TC 6.11 +/- 0.19 mmol/l (236.4 +/- 7.3 mg/dl), LDL-C 4.05 +/- 0.19 mmol/l (156.6 +/- 7.5 mg/dl), HDL-C 1.31 +/- 0.08 mmol/l (50.7 +/- 3.0 mg/dl), and TG 1.64 +/- 0.12 mmol/l (145.4 +/- 10.3 mg/dl). The 26 patients receiving Step 2 dietary intervention had TC 5.84 +/- 0.17 mmol/l (226.0 +/- 6.6 mg/dl), LDL-C 3.83 +/- 0.19 mmol/l (148.0 +/- 7.2 mg/dl), HDL-C 1.25 +/- 0.08 mmol/l (48.5 +/- 3.2 mg/dl), and TG 1.66 +/- 0.15 mmol/l (147.1 +/- 13.4 mg/dl). The mean prednisone dose was 14.8 +/- 3.0 mg/day for both study groups. There was no significance between prednisone doses in all groups studied (p = 0.08). After 6 months of dietary therapy, there was a significant decrease in only the TC (p = 0.158). CONCLUSION: TC correlated directly with the prednisone dose. Six months of dietary intervention was required to significantly decrease the TC. Further management of hyperlipidemia will probably require drug intervention.
The Structure and Maturation Pathway of Microcin B17

The DNA replication inhibitor microcin B 17 (MccB 17) is a forty-three amino acid peptide antibiotic produced by diverse strains of Escherichia coli (Baquero & Moreno, 1984; Davagnino et al., 1986; Herrero & Moreno, 1986; Vizan et al., 1991). Seven genes, designated mcbABCDEFG, responsible for MccB 17 production and immunity have been found in several large, single-copy plasmids, the most well studied of these being pMccB 17 (San-Millan et al, 1985;Garrido et al., 1988; Genilloud et al., 1989). Four of these genes, mcbABCD, are essential for the production of MccB 17. Initially, we began studying MccB 17 as a small protein amenable to structure/function analysis by using extensive mutagenesis followed by characterization of the mutant proteins. But as we began to characterize MccB 17, we became more and more interested in its unique structure and in the pathway of its synthesis. In this paper we present what we know about the structure of MccB 17. We also present a working model of the maturation pathway of MccB17 and our evidence which supports this model. Lastly, we briefly discuss some interesting observations we have made concerning the regulation of MccB 17 maturation.
Is Shunt Evaluation Useful in Children With Intraventricular Shunts With Seizures

Abstract Background Seizures are a common presenting symptom to the emergency department (ED) in children with intraventricular shunts (IVS). The incidence of shunt malfunction and the yield of imaging studies in children with IVS presenting with seizures is unknown. Objectives We assessed the utility and diagnostic yield of evaluation for shunt malfunction in patients with IVS with seizure and identified clinical predictors for shunt malfunction in these children. Methods We performed a retrospective review of children aged zero to 21 years of age with IVS who presented to the ED with seizure between 2011 and 2015. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were collected. Shunt malfunction was diagnosed based on whether a shunt revision was performed during the hospitalization. Results We evaluated 408 ED visits (median age: six years [IQR: 3, 11], males 61.5%) for IVS with seizures. Few visits were for first seizure (37; 9.1%) or for status epilepticus (46 visits; 11.3%). Computerized tomography head was performed in 318 patients (95.2%), of which 32 scans (10.6%) were suggestive of shunt malfunction. A shunt series was performed in 302 (90.4%) and was suggestive of shunt malfunction in eight (2.6%) patients. Shunt malfunction was diagnosed in 40 of 408 visits (9.8%). Only a history of multiple (≥3) shunt revisions was significantly associated with shunt malfunction. There was no association between number, type, or prior history of seizures and shunt malfunction. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a low yield of imaging studies for the evaluation of shunt malfunction in children with IVS with seizures, and shunt malfunction is an uncommon cause of seizures in these children.
Next-generation sequencing ordering trends in the cancer trajectory.

10104Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) molecular tumor profiling is increasingly being ordered for advanced cancer patients to evaluate non-traditional therapeutic options. The timing of...
Upscaling of Geological Models of Oil Reservoirs with Unstructured Grids Using Lifting-Based Graph Wavelet Transforms

Wavelet transforms (WTs) constitute a class of powerful tools for spectral and local analysis of data, such as time series, geophysical data, and well logs, as well as modeling of various problems in oil reservoirs, and in particular upscaling their geological models. The application to upscaling has, however, been limited to the reservoir models that are represented by regular computational grids with blocks or cells with regular shapes, such as squares and cubes. The most natural structure of the computational grid is, however, one with irregular and unequal cells, distributed spatially with stochastic orientations. Such a grid is also the ideal computational model for, for example, fractured reservoirs as it allows inclusion of fractures with spatially distributed orientations. In this paper, we propose a generalization of the WT approach to upscaling by developing a new model of a reservoir based on irregular graphs that make it possible to use the WTs for upscaling the geological model highly efficiently. To do so, we first define a computational grid representing a reservoir as a graph and its adjacency matrix and, then, introduce graph WTs using the concept of lifting, utilized in classical signal processing and its extension to graphs. The application of the lifting-based graph WT to upscaling is then developed. The result is an algorithm that may be applied to upscaling of any unstructured geological model represented by a computational grid in which the multiresolution graph WT is applied directly to the spatial distribution of the permeabilities (or other suitable properties). Examples in which the geological model is represented by the Voronoi tessellations are described, and simulation of waterflooding with such graph networks is carried out in order to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new method.
Cellular signaling pathways modulated by low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy

Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) is a form of energy transfer that is of lower intensity (<0.2mJ/mm2) relative to traditional Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) used for management of urinary stones. At this intensity and at appropriate dosing energy transfer is thought to induce beneficial effects in human tissues. The proposed therapeutic mechanisms of action for Li-ESWT include neovascularization, tissue regeneration, and reduction of inflammation. These effects are thought to be mediated by enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Upregulation of chemoattractant factors and recruitment/activation of stem/progenitor cells may also play a role. Li-ESWT has been studied for management of musculoskeletal disease, ischemic cardiovascular disorders, Peyronie’s Disease, and more recently erectile dysfunction (ED). The underlying mechanism of Li-ESWT for treatment of ED is incompletely understood. We summarize the current evidence basis by which Li-ESWT is thought to enhance penile hemodynamics with an intention of outlining the fundamental mechanisms by which this therapy may help manage ED.
Clinical comorbidity predictive measures in ex vivo T-cell-depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Clinical comorbidity predictive measures in ex vivo T-cell-depleted allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Determining the best combination of ground reaction force parameters for maximising power during the power snatch

The purpose of this study was to determine the best combination of ground reaction force (GRF) parameters for maximising power during the power snatch. Ten skilled weightlifters (five males and fiv...
Co-occurring Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are Associated With Taste Changes in Oncology Patients Receiving Chemotherapy

Abstract Context Over 80% of patients with cancer report taste changes. Despite the high prevalence of this symptom and its negative effects on health, few studies have assessed its association with other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Objectives Determine the occurrence, frequency, severity, and distress of patient-reported “change in the way food tastes” (CFT) and identify phenotypic and GI symptoms characteristics associated with its occurrence. Methods Patients receiving chemotherapy for breast, GI, gynecological, or lung cancer completed demographic and symptom questionnaires prior to their second or third cycle of chemotherapy. CFT was assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale. Differences in demographic, clinical, and GI symptom characteristics were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric tests. Results Of the 1329 patients, 49.4% reported experiencing CFT in the week prior to their second or third cycle of chemotherapy. In the univariate analysis, patients who reported CFT had fewer years of education; were more likely to be black or Hispanic, mixed race, or other; and had a lower annual household income. A higher percentage of patients with CFT reported the occurrence of 13 GI symptoms (e.g., constipation, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, feeling bloated). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, compared with patients with breast cancer, patients with lung cancer (odds ratio = 0.55; P = 0.004) had a decrease in the odds of being in the CFT group. Patients who received a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist and two other antiemetics were at an increased odds of being in the CFT group (odds ratio = 2.51; P = 0.001). Eight of the 13 GI symptoms evaluated were associated with an increased odds of being in the CFT group. Conclusions This study provides new evidence on the frequency, severity, and distress of CFT in oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy. These findings suggest that CFT is an important problem that warrants ongoing assessments and nutritional interventions.
Lessons Learned in Creating a College Consortium

This paper offers lessons learned in evaluating the reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act (2013) requirement that colleges receiving Title IX funds provide bystander programming to reduce sexual violence. To conduct this evaluation a national college consortium was created [multi college bystander efficacy evaluation (mcBEE)]. Through this consortium 24 public colleges were recruited and their choices regarding bystander programming options were queried. Concurrently, rates of violence perpetration and victimization were measured over 4 years among undergraduate students at each college. Description and details of experiences in recruiting colleges into a college consortium, addressing regulatory compliance, approaches to selecting and launching college-wide surveys to undergraduate students across several large campuses, and strategies to communicate findings and data back to each recruited campus are presented. Suggestions for future consortium building include budgeting sufficient time to recruit colleges, manage regulatory processes, and ensure adequate response rates through short surveys and enticing incentives. In building a national consortium, lessons such as flexibility, networking, and communication contributed to mcBEE’s success.
Qualitative research methods for institutional analysis

How can economists use qualitative evidence – such as archival materials, interviews, and ethnography – to study institutions? While applied economists typically rely on quantitative evidence and statistical estimation, many important aspects of institutions and institutional change appear in the form of qualitative evidence. This raises the question if, and how, social scientists trained in quantitative methods can exploit and analyze this evidence. This paper discusses two qualitative research methods that are both commonly used outside of economics: comparative case studies and process tracing. Drawing on existing research about crime and political revolutions, it discusses these two methods and how to implement them to improve institutional analysis.
Atrial arrhythmias in patients with left ventricular assist devices.

Purpose of review Atrial arrhythmias commonly occur in patients with advanced heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who require left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) implantation. This review summarizes the current literature regarding the incidence, prevalence, and predictors of atrial arrhythmias in LVAD patients and its impact on the clinical outcomes. Moreover, we review the mechanisms and management strategies of atrial arrhythmias in this population. Recent findings Atrial arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and atrial tachycardia are highly prevalent in patients with advanced HFrEF before or after the LVAD implantation. Atrial arrhythmias have a significant impact on overall clinical outcome including survival, heart failure hospitalization, quality of life, thromboembolic events and resource utilization. Atrial fibrillation and other atrial arrhythmias frequently coexist in this population. In patients with atrial arrhythmias and LVAD, anticoagulation and cardiovascular implantable electronic devices should be closely monitored and managed to prevent thromboembolic events or inappropriate shocks. Rhythm and rate control strategies are comparable regarding overall clinical outcomes in this population. LVADs induce favorable atrial remodeling in patients with HFrEF. Summary Atrial arrhythmias are highly common in LVAD patients and have significant impact on overall clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to determine optimal management and prevention of atrial arrhythmias in LVAD population.
The impact of executives’ IT expertise on reported data security breaches

Data security breaches (DSBs) are increasing investor and regulator pressure on firms to improve their IT governance (ITG) in an effort to mitigate the related risk. We argue that DSB risk cannot b...