cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Previously Identified Genetic Variants in ADGRL3 Are not Associated with Risk for Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy across Breeds

Equine neuroaxonal dystrophy/equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy (eNAD/EDM) is a neurologic disease that has been reported in young horses from a wide range of breeds. The disease is inherited and associated with vitamin E deficiency during the first two years of life, resulting in bilateral symmetric ataxia. A missense mutation (chr3:71,917,591 C > T) within adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3) was recently associated with risk for EDM in the Caspian breed. In order to confirm these findings, genotyping of this missense mutation, along with the three other associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genomic region, was carried out on 31 postmortem-confirmed eNAD/EDM cases and 43 clinically phenotyped controls from various breeds. No significant association was found between eNAD/EDM confirmed cases and genotype at any of the four identified SNPs (P > 0.05), including the nonsynonymous variant (EquCab2.0 chr3:71,917,591; allelic P = 0.85). These findings suggest that the four SNPs, including the missense variant in the ADGRL3 region, are not associated with risk for eNAD/EDM across multiple breeds of horses.
Discovery Goals and Opportunities: A Defense of BSM-Oriented Exploration over Signalism

Discoveries come through exclusions, confirmations or revolutionary findings with respect to a theory canon populated by the Standard Model (SM) and beyond the SM (BSM) theories. Guaranteed discoveries are accomplished only through pursuit of BSM exclusion/confirmation, and thus require investment in the continual formation and analysis of a vibrant theory canon combined with investment in experiment with demonstrated capacity to make BSM exclusions or confirmations. Risks develop when steering away from BSM-oriented work toward its methodological rival, “signalism,” which seeks to realize SM falsification or revolutionary discoveries outside the context of any BSM rationale. It is argued that such an approach leads to inscrutable exertions that reduce prospects for all discovery. The concepts are applied to the European Strategy Update, which seeks to identify future investments in forefront experiment that bring a balance of guaranteed and prospective value.
Targeting of fusion proteins to organelles in yeast and tobacco: investigation of the molecular basis of toxin susceptibility in mitochondria of maize (Zea mays L.) with the Texas male-sterile cytoplasm

The mitochondrial gene T-urfl3 from maize fZea mavs L.) with Texas male-sterile (T) cytoplasm codes for a unique 13kilodalton polypeptide, T-URF13, which is implicated in the causation of cytoplasmic male sterility and sensitivity to the insecticide methomyl and to host-specific fungal toxins produced by Helminthosporium mavdis race T (HmT toxin) and Phvllosticta mavdis (Pm toxin). A chimeric gene coding for TURF13 fused to the mitochondrial targeting peptide from the Neurospora crassa ATP synthase subunit 9 precursor was constructed. Expression of this gene in the yeast Saccharomvces cerevisiae yielded a polypeptide that was translocated into the membrane fraction of mitochondria and processed to give a protein the same size as maize T-URF13. Methomyl, HmT toxin, and Pm toxin inhibited growth of yeast cells expressing the gene fusion on medium containing glycerol as sole carbon source and stimulated respiration with NADH as substrate by isolated mitochondria from these cells. These effects were not observed in yeast cells expressing T-URF13 without a targeting peptide. The results show that T-URF13 is sufficient to confer sensitivity to methomyl and the fungal toxins in a heterologous eukaryotic system, and suggest that
Calculation of quantum discord in higher dimensions for X - and other specialized states

Quantum discord, a kind of quantum correlation based on entropic measures, is defined as the difference between quantum mutual information and classical correlation in a bipartite system. Procedures are available for analytical calculation of discord when one of the parties is a qubit with dimension two and measurements made on it to get that one-way discord. We extend now to systems when both parties are of larger dimension and of interest to qudit–quDit with $$d, D \ge 3$$ or spin chains of spins $$\ge 1$$ . While recognizing that no universal scheme is feasible, applicable to all density matrices, nevertheless, a procedure similar to that for $$d=2$$ that works for many mixed-state density matrices remains of interest as shown by recent such applications. We focus on this method that uses unitary operations to describe measurements, reducing them to a compact form so as to minimize the number of variables needed for extremizing the classical correlation, often the most difficult part of the discord calculation. Results are boiled down to a simple recipe for that extremization; for some classes of density matrices, the procedure even gives trivially the final value of the classical correlation without that extremization. A qutrit–qutrit ( $$d=D=3$$ ) system is discussed in detail with specific applications to density matrices for whom other calculations involved difficult numerics. Special attention is given to the so-called X-states and Werner and isotropic states when the calculations become particularly simple. An appendix discusses an independent but related question of the systematics of X-states of arbitrary dimension. It forms a second, separate, part of this paper, extending our previous group-theoretic considerations of systematics for qubits now to higher d.
Triton X-100-resistant membrane complexes from cultured kidney epithelial cells contain the Src family protein tyrosine kinase p62yes

We have previously isolated detergent-resistant membrane complexes from lysates of cultured kidney epithelial cells. These structures are enriched in proteins anchored by glycosylphosphatidylinositol, which are localized to the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells, and have a distinctive lipid composition. We now report that the membranes contain p62yes, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase of the Src family. p62yes is the only major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in the membrane complexes when they are isolated. Several proteins in the complexes can serve as substrates for phosphorylation by p62yes in vitro. The kinase is enriched at least 10-fold in the insoluble membranes compared to cellular membranes. p60c-src and p60v-src, which are highly homologous to p62yes, are not present in the complexes, even when the membranes are isolated from cells that overexpress the proteins. As p62yes is located near the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells in several tissues in vivo, interaction of the kinase with other components of a detergent-resistant membrane microdomain may play an important role in transmembrane signal transduction.
TRANS-THORACIC SOUND SPEED IN VENTILATOR DEPENDENT INFANTS: A PILOT STUDY

The sound speed through the lungs is influenced by the lungs' material properties and density. Probing the lungs of intubated infants with sound may provide a means to identify changes in lung structure and composition that occur as a result of prolonged ventilation therapy. To examine the feasibility of this approach we measured the sound transit times in 6 ventilator dependent infants (birth weight 640-4960g, age 12-81 days, study weight 990-5140g) suffering from early or advanced chronic lung disease. A piezoelectric ceramic disc mounted at the entrance of the endotracheal tube was used to produce brief 3 KHz pulses that propagate into the lungs via the tube. The onset, duration, and intensity of the pulse was registered with an electret microphone at the tube entrance. A lightweight quartz accelerometer secured on the chest at the mid-thoracic level registered sound transmission across the lungs and chest wall. Transit times for the pulse to propagate from the tube entrance to the chest surface was estimated with spectral averaging and cross-correlation. The estimated transit times varied between 1.47 and 2.27 ms with an average of 1.72 ms (0.28 SD). These times correspond roughly to sound speeds of 28 (9) meters/s. The transit times correlated poorly with the body weight or chest circumference but correlated well (r= +0.90) with patient age. These results suggest that changes in the lungs material properties that occur with prolonged ventilation therapy may be a predominant factor determining parenchymal sound speed in infants with chronic lung disease.
Teaching Food and Qualitative Inquiry

AbstractThe rise in obesity and diet-related chronic disease in many parts of the world has led to an increased concern about healthful eating, and a consequential rise in the focus on specific, quantifiable nutrients that may help in reversing obesogenic trends. However, because of the complexity of the relationship between foods, nutrients and chronic disease, the assumed clarity and quantifiability of dietary choices can be called into question. This paper focuses on an interpretivist approach to teaching about food, aimed at uncovering the diverse and uniquely individual nature of our relationship with food. For all involved in the project, a deeper level of self-examination with respect to food, higherlevel cognitive learning about food and its socio-cultural context, and a sense of community were among the key outcomes.
Mucosal Surfaces: Immunological Protection

The mucosal immune system serves to protect its host from a variety of pathogens while simultaneously allowing for tolerance under normal circumstances to prevent inflammatory disease. Keywords: mucosal immunology; common mucosal immune system; tolerance; regulatory T cells; TH1/TH2
Physiological Regulation and Fearfulness as Predictors of Young Children's Empathy-related Reactions

Indices of physiological regulation (i.e., resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA] and RSA suppression) and observed fearfulness were tested as predictors of empathy-related reactions to an unfamiliar person's simulated distress within and across 18 (T1, N = 247) and 30 (T2, N = 216) months of age. Controlling for T1 helping, high RSA suppression and low fearfulness at T1 predicted T2 helping. In a structural model, empathic concern was marginally positively related to resting RSA at both assessments whereas personal distress was related to RSA suppression within time (marginally positively at T1 and significantly negatively at T2). Fearfulness was associated with self-oriented, distress-related reactions within time. Comfort seeking (an index of personal distress) declined in mean level with age whereas helping increased, and both behaviors exhibited differential continuity (as did resting RSA). Individual, as well as developmental, differences in the types of reactions that young children exhibit when witnessing others' suffering and distress were discussed.
Binational utilization and barriers to care among Mexican American border residents with diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether U.S.-Mexico border residents with diabetes 1) experience greater barriers to medical care in the United States of America versus Mexico and 2) are more likely to seek care and medication in Mexico compared to border residents without diabetes. METHODS: A stratified two-stage randomized cross-sectional health survey was conducted in 2009 - 2010 among 1 002 Mexican American households. RESULTS: Diabetes rates were high (15.4%). Of those that had diabetes, most (86%) reported comorbidities. Compared to participants without diabetes, participants with diabetes had slightly greater difficulty paying US$ 25 (P = 0.002) or US$ 100 (P = 0.016) for medical care, and experienced greater transportation and language barriers (P = 0.011 and 0.014 respectively) to care in the United States, but were more likely to have a person/place to go for medical care and receive screenings. About one quarter of participants sought care or medications in Mexico. Younger age and having lived in Mexico were associated with seeking care in Mexico, but having diabetes was not. Multiple financial barriers were independently associated with approximately threefold-increased odds of going to Mexico for medical care or medication. Language barriers were associated with seeking care in Mexico. Being confused about arrangements for medical care and the perception of not always being treated with respect by medical care providers in the United States were both associated with seeking care and medication in Mexico (odds ratios ranging from 1.70 - 2.76). CONCLUSIONS: Reporting modifiable barriers to medical care was common among all participants and slightly more common among 1) those with diabetes and 2) those who sought care in Mexico. However, these are statistically independent phenomena; persons with diabetes were not more likely to use services in Mexico. Each set of issues (barriers facing those with diabetes, barriers related to use of services in Mexico) may occur side by side, and both present opportunities for improving access to care and disease management.
Drug-abuse and control populations differentiated by a laboratory profile.

By multivariate analysis of nine laboratory variables, a discriminant function value has been derived that differentiated between a group of 106 drug abusers and a group of 100 normal controls. The variables were serum phosphorus, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and hematocrit, total leukocyte count, polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, and monocyte count. The data demonstrate that the two populations can be distinguished with 4% error in the control group and 14% error in the drug-abuse group. In addition, the individual variables for each group were compared by the t -test. The following were significantly different: serum calcium, phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, albumin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte count, polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, stab cell count, and eosinophil count.
A rapid procedure for small intestinal biopsy in infants and children

Abstract A steerable small bowel biopsy apparatus was evaluated in 56 infants and children over a 15-mo period. A mean time of only 6 min was required to obtain small bowel biopsies. Biopsies were successfully obtained in 92% of patients on the first attempt; repeat attempts were successful in all cases. No complications were encountered. The steerable biopsy tube appears to be a safe and effective means of obtaining small bowel biopsies rapidly in infants and children.
Fast Synaptic Signaling by Nicotinic Acetylcholine and Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptors in Developing Visual Cortex

Cholinergic and serotonergic fiber systems invade the developing visual cortex several weeks before eye opening; both transmitters have been implicated in plasticity of neocortical circuits. These transmitters have been presumed to act predominantly through second messenger-coupled receptors, because fast cholinergic or serotonergic neurotransmission has never been observed in neocortex. However, acetylcholine and serotonin also act on ligand-gated ion channels; the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and the serotonin 5-HT3receptor, respectively. Here, using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques in developing ferret visual cortex, we pharmacologically isolated fast, spontaneous, and evoked cholinergic and serotonergic synaptic events in pyramidal cells and interneurons of all cortical layers. The number of cells receiving such inputs increased with the ingrowth of thalamic afferents, and the frequencies of the spontaneous events increased at eye opening. Thus, both acetylcholine and serotonin can mediate fast synaptic transmission in the visual cortex; the early onset of these mechanisms suggests a role during initial stages of circuit formation and during subsequent experience-dependent remodeling of cortical connections.
Precursory inflation of shallow magma reservoirs at west Sunda volcanoes detected by InSAR

[1] We use 2006–2009 ALOS Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data over the entire west Sunda arc, Indonesia, home of 13% of the world's active volcanoes, to derive arc-wide time-dependent ground deformation data. We present unambiguous evidence of inflation at six volcanoes, three of which erupted after the observation period. We show that these volcanoes have shallow magma reservoirs at ∼1–3 km depth below the average regional elevation. A global comparison of reservoir depths at arc volcanoes suggests that volcanoes in extensional and strike-slip settings (west Sunda) can develop shallow reservoirs whereas volcanoes in compressional settings may lack them. Thus, magma ascend through the upper crust could be influenced by intra-arc tectonic settings.
Protocol Proof Checking Simplified with SMT

We believe that recent advances in formal verification are on the verge of making formal verification a viable option for any protocol designer, assuming the designer understands the protocol well enough to explain why it works. We demonstrate this with an SMT-based proof checker developed at Intel called the Deductive Verification Framework (DVF). We show how DVF can be used to prove correct a classical, fault-tolerant, distributed protocol for consensus, and describe how a protocol expert starting from scratch, with little-to-no prior familiarity with SMT or DVF, was able to model the protocol and prove it correct in six days and nine pages.
Microstructure analysis of Ni-SiC mixed layers

Abstract The techniques of high-resolution and microanalytical electron microscopy and RBS have been applied to the study of the composition and structural variation of mixed regions obtained by pulsed-laser or ion-beam irradiation of Ni on single crystals of β-SiC. The results indicate that mixing takes place with a distribution depending on the ion dose or pulsed-laser energy used.
Image-based motion stabilization for maritime surveillance

Robust image-based motion stabilization is developed to enable visual surveillance in the maritime domain. The algorithm developed is neither a dense registration method nor a traditional feature-based method, but rather it captures the best aspects of each of these approaches. It avoids feature tracking and so can handle large intra-frame motions, and at the same time it is robust to large lighting variations and moving clutter. It is thus well-suited for challenges in the maritime domain. Advantage is taken of the maritime environment including use of the horizon and shoreline, and fused data from an inexpensive inertial measurement unit. Results of real-time operation on an in-water buoy are presented.
Effect of insulin replacement on streptozotocin-induced effects in the rat heart.

Abstract Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Isolated cardiac tissue exhibited a systematic depression in atrial pacemaker function and an enhancement in ventricular function accompanied by a supersensitivity to calcium relative to control animals. β-Adrenoceptor density was found to be significantly lowered in the treated animals. However, no change in responsiveness of the tissues to isoproterenol was observed. The systematic changes in atria and ventricle were found to be completely and partially reversed respectively, by daily administration of 4–5 units of Ultralente (U-100) insulin, whereas the decrease in β-adrenoceptor number and supersensitivity to calcium were completely reversed. These results suggest that STZ by itself might not have toxic effects in the heart and that its effects may be overcome by chronic insulin-replacement.
Performance of long-term, field-scale bioremediation processes

Abstract The behavior of chemicals over long periods of time must be investigated to assess the effectiveness of bioremediation. Three long-term, field-scale studies are presented and demonstrate the effectiveness of bioremediation at reducing chemical concentrations, mobility, and toxicity in soils and sludges over long time-periods. Two case studies described the land-treatment of wood-treatment site soils and sludges while the third case study described the land-treatment of oily wastes from petroleum industry operations. These long-term studies confirmed that chemicals in bioremediation residues are contained in treated soils, that chemical concentrations continue to decline after active remediation stops, and that toxicity is reduced. Even though significant concentrations of chemicals were present in the residuals, the toxicity and mobility of the residual chemicals and, therefore, the risk associated with them, had been substantially reduced.
Disseminated Kaposi's Sarcoma—A Missed Diagnosis

Abstract Background Kaposi's sarcoma is significantly prevalent among men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, accounting for >90% of all cases. The early presentation of KS typically involves mucocutaneous lesions and lymphadenopathy, and more advanced disease can affect the lungs and other organs. Objective Our aim was to remind emergency physicians to remain suspicious of clinical presentations despite previous diagnoses or patient statements, particularly in patients with risk factors. Case Report We present a case of a young man having skin lesions and respiratory problems remaining undiagnosed, despite, and possibly due to, multiple recent physician contacts. Conclusions Respiratory illnesses are common presentations in the emergency department and are typically benign and attributed to viral causes. However, the emergency physician must always be on the look out for more dangerous causes of respiratory complaints, especially in patients with risk factors and in those found to be refractory to recent treatment for more common illnesses.
ON THE FALSIFIABILITY OF MATCHING THEORY

Herrnstein's matching theory requires the parameter, k, which appears in the single-alternative form of the matching equation, to remain invariant with respect to changes in reinforcement parameters like magnitude or immediacy. Recent experiments have disconfirmed matching theory by showing that the invariant-k requirement does not hold. However, the theory can be asserted in a purely algebraic form that does not require an invariant k and that is not disconfirmed by the recent findings. In addition, both the original and the purely algebraic versions of matching theory can be asserted in forms that allow for commonly observed deviations from matching (bias, undermatching, and overmatching). The recent finding of a variable k does not disconfirm these versions of matching theory either. As a consequence, matching remains a viable theory of behavior, the strength of which lies in its general conceptualization of all behavior as choice, and in its unified mathematical treatment of single- and multialternative environments.
Growth response of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) to climate in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA

Growth response of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) to climate was studied across its local geographical and elevation range in the Olympic Mountains, Washington. A dendroecological analysis of subalpine fir across a range of elevations (1350-1850 m) and annual precipitation (125-350 cm y−1), was used to compare environmental factors affecting growth. Climate-growth relationships were explored using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients; partial correlation analysis was used to assess relationships among site chronologies and climatic variables. Radial growth is negatively correlated with winter precipitation at high elevation and wet sites, but not at low and middle elevation dry sites. Growth is positively correlated with current growing season temperature at all sites; however, growth is negatively correlated with previous year August temperature, indicating that climate affects growth in subsequent years. Positive correlations between growth and summer precipitation during the growing season at low and middle elevation dry sites suggest that soil moisture is partially limiting to growth on these sites. If the climate of the Pacific Northwest becomes warmer and drier, then subalpine fir growth may increase at high elevation and wet sites, but may decrease at lower elevation dry sites in the Olympic Mountains. However, the growth response of subalpine fir to potentially rapid climate change will not be uniform because subalpine fir grows over a wide range of topographic features, habitats, and local climates at different geographical scales. A comparison of growth response to current growing season temperature suggests that the temperature-related growth response of subalpine fir is not adequately described by the parabolic curve used in JABOWA-based models.
Myocyte electrophysiological properties following the development of supraventricular tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy

Chronic supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) causes left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction, diminished myocyte contractile function, and abnormalities in sarcolemmal receptor systems. We hypothesized that changes in myocyte action potential characteristics and l -type Ca 2+ channel (Ca 2+ channel) function, which are major determinants of myocyte contractile processes, would occur with SVT cardiomyopathy. LV function and isolated myocyte contractile function were examined in 11 pigs with SVT cardiomyopathy (pace 240 bpm; 3 weeks) and 11 control pigs. With chronic SVT. LV fractional shortening fell and myocyte shortening velocity was reduced compared to controls (11 ± 2 v 37 ± 2%. P v 55.7 ± 1.6 μ m/s. P v 129.5 ± 3.1 V/s, P v 110.3 ± 1.3 mV, P v 169.1 ± 6.8 ms, P =0.002). These specific abnormalities in the indices of myocyte contractile function and action potential characteristics which occurred with SVT cardiomyopathy were not normalized following β -adrenergic receptor stimulation. In order to determine a potential mechanism for the changes in myocyte contractile function and action potential characteristics with SVT cardiomyopathy, Ca 2+ channel function was examined in control and SVT myocytes. In SVT myocytes, peak l -type Ca 2+ current (I Ca ) normalized to membrane capacitance and the Ca 2+ channel inactivation time constant were reduced compared to controls (−2.30 ± 0.24 v −3.79 ± 0.28 pA/pF, P = 0.0001; and 104.0 ± 10.8 v 199.9 ± 27.4 ms, P = 0.005, respectively). The abnormalities in Ca 2+ channel function with SVT cardiomyopathy persisted in myocytes with equivalent membrane capacitances and were not normalized with β -adrenergic receptor stimulation. In conclusion, findings from the present study suggest that fundamental abnormalities in myocyte electrical events (action potential) and ionic flux (Ca 2+ channel function) are contributory mechanisms for the depressed myocyte contractile function with SVT cardiomyopathy.
The Newest Inductee in the Number Hall of Fame

"Rational and irrational, algebraic and transcendental, whole, natural, positive, negative, even, odd, prime, cardinal, ordinal, yes even p-adic numbers: It gives me great pleasure to welcome you all to these induction ceremonies at the Number Hall of Fame here in Canton, Ohio. It's truly gratifying to see such a tremendous and diverse turnout for this event. How wonderful it is that we can forget our differences, put aside our animosities, and come together to honor those amongst us who have truly achieved a purpose in life above and beyond our appearance on ledgers, computer screens, and cash registers around the globe. The vast throng of numbers here today must reflect, at least in part, the rarity of these occasions. We are not that type of Hall of Fame where any number eventually makes the cut. Not like the Hall of Fame of Physical Constants, where a number is embarrassed not to eventually appear in their list. No, as you can see by the small set of numbers sitting up on the dais, including most of the past recipients of the award, this honor is bequeathed on only a select few. Let me quickly introduce you to our past recipients. On the far left we have the first inductee into the Number Hall of Fame, someone I need say little about, as eveiyone knows her well. Yes, it's the delightful number One. How could anyone be less than charmed by her ability to multiply a number without altering it? Sitting to the left of One is the incomparable e, that paradoxical sorcerer who when put to the power x becomes his own derivative. What a pleasure it is to have you here today, sir. Just to the left of e, we have that mandarin enigma, the Buddha of math, Mr. Zero. Please, don't get up. It's not a good idea after your triple bypass. Next to Mr. Zero, we have the ebullient Two. As he is all too fond of saying, "You need Two to tango." Seated next to Two is his son, V2, who with his simple and forthright manner, hardly deserves to be called irrational. Seated in the empty chair to the left of V? is his imaginary friend i. Please, no snickering from you Bernoulli numbers in the back. Having an imaginary friend doesn't necessarily mean you're a couple million digits past rational, even if in this particular case, it happens to be true. I1+ V/U And at the end sits 2 , that icon of Greek aesthetics, known affectionately as the Golden Ratio. Her attendance at any event brings an elegance and refinement to the proceedings. Several of our inductees could not be with us today, including Euler's constant, N
Magnetoquantum oscillations, magnetic breakdown, and Fermi-surface modifications in NbSe 3

The magnetoquantum oscillations in ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ show frequency shifts and beat structures due to interaction between the pinned charge-density-wave (CDW) configuration and the normal Fermi surface (FS). Spatial variations in the phase deformation of the CDW pinned at impurities can result in changes in the local Fermi level and CDW gap, giving rise to a distribution of extremal FS areas. Magnetic breakdown (MB) between these small FS sections and the open nested sheets of FS can have striking effects on the amplitude and frequency of the quantum oscillations due to modulation of the transmission and reflection coefficients at the MB junctions. A model using a one-dimensional open-orbit network and a rectangular distribution of FS areas has been used to fit the data in the range 0--225 kG. Good fits to the beat periods and frequency shifts are obtained and provide an accurate measure of the width of the frequency distribution for different CDW configurations. The existence of these MB mechanisms also provides an explanation for hysteresis and asymmetry observed in the magnetoresistance as the CDW configuration is manipulated in electric and magnetic fields.
Knowledge Economies: Clusters, Learning, and Cooperative Advantage

Philip Cooke. New York: Routledge. 2002. xii and 218 pp., tables, figs., and index. $100.00 cloth (ISBN 0-415-16409-5). The idea of replicating Silicon Valley in other places began over twenty year...
MICROSTRUCTURE VS MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF SILICA GLASS FROM SILICON ALKOXIDE

Using simple physical measurements, a picture was constructed of the microstructure of a dried monolithic silica gel prepared from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The density and dimensions were measured. Weight loss was monitored during heating of the gel to a fully dense glass, and gases escaping during heating were analyzed. The results were interpreted for the dried gel and compared to published studies of its molecular structure.
American reform Judaism and Zionism: Early efforts at ideological rapprochement

(1983). American reform Judaism and Zionism: Early efforts at ideological rapprochement. Studies in Zionism: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 49-64.
Human lactoferrin stimulates thymidine incorporation into DNA of rat crypt cells.

Abstract: In a search for dietary factors that might stimulate enterocyte proliferation, we developed an assay for thymidine incorporation into DNA using harvested crypt cells from mature rat small intestine. Human colostrum stimulated a significant increase in thymidine incorporation into rat crypt cell DNA during a 60-min period of incubation. When the protein with biological activity was purified to a single peak by sequential ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography, it was found to have the characteristics of lactoferrin. The protein was identical to lactoferrin standards by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and doublediffusion immunologic precipitation. All available human lactoferrins stimulated thymidine uptake and all reacted with a lactoferrin polyclonal antibody. Human lactoferrin appears to be a potent activator of thymidine incorporation into DNA in incubated rat crypt cells, a nutritional function not previously reported.
Neurite Differentiation Is Modulated in Neuroblastoma Cells Engineered for Altered Acetylcholinesterase Expression

Previous observations from several groups suggest that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) may have a role in neural morphogenesis, but not solely by virtue of its ability to hydrolyze acetylcholine. We tested the possibility that AChE influences neurite outgrowth in nonenzymatic ways. With this aim, antisense oligonucleotides were used to decrease AChE levels transiently, and N1E.115 cell lines were engineered for permanently altered AChE protein expression. Cells stably transfected with a sense AChE cDNA construct increased their AChE expression 2.5-fold over the wild type and displayed significantly increased neurite outgrowth. Levels of the differentiation marker, tau, also rose. In contrast, AChE expression in cell lines containing an antisense construct was half of that observed in the wild type. Significant reductions in neurite outgrowth and tau protein accompanied this effect. Overall, these measures correlated statistically with the AChE level (p < 0.01). Furthermore, treatment of AChE-overexpressing cells with a polyclonal antibody against AChE decreased neurite outgrowth by 43%. We conclude that AChE may have a novel, noncholinergic role in neuronal differentiation.
Urinary Angiotensinogen as an Indicator of Intrarenal Angiotensin Status in Hypertension

Angiotensin II (AngII) infusions augment renal angiotensinogen mRNA and protein and urinary angiotensinogen excretion (U(AGT)). Further experiments were performed in 4 groups of rats: normal salt diet with sham operation, NS+Sham, n=6; NS with AngII infusion at 40 ng/min via osmotic minipump, NS+AngII(40), n=9; NS with AngII infusion at 80 ng/min, NS+AngII(80), n=9; high-salt diet with deoxycorticosterone acetate salt pellet (100 mg), HS+DOCA, n=4. These experiments sought to determine whether enhanced U(AGT) is specifically associated with increased kidney AngII levels or is a nonspecific consequence of the hypertension. Systolic BP (SBP) was significantly increased to 131+/-2 and 162+/-2 mm Hg at day 11 in NS+AngII(40) and NS+AngII(80), respectively, compared with NS+Sham (110+/-1). Regression analysis demonstrated a positive relationship (R=0.49) between SBP and U(AGT) for NS+Sham (1.1+/-0.3 nmol AngI/d), NS+AngII(40) (2.5+/-0.9), and NS+AngII(80) (5.5+/-1.5). U(AGT) was also highly correlated (R=0.70) with kidney AngII content for NS+Sham (49+/-6 fmol/g), NS+AngII(40) (215+/-49), and NS+AngII(80) (347+/-47); but not with plasma AngII (R=0.12). HS+DOCA rats also exhibited increased SBP to 134+/-1 mm Hg, but U(AGT) (1.4+/-0.4 nmol AngI/d) and intrarenal AngII content (13+/-2 fmol/g) were not increased despite the hypertension. Infused human angiotensinogen could not be detected in urine of sham-operated or AngII-infused rats (n=4 each). These data demonstrate that U(AGT) increases in AngII-dependent hypertension in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but not in hypertension elicited by HS+DOCA. The results support the hypothesis that AngII-dependent hypertension results in elevated intrarenal AngII and angiotensinogen levels, reflected by increased U(AGT), which does not occur in an AngII-independent hypertensive model.
Transport behavior of carbon disulfide into poly aryl ether ether ketone

The sorption/desorption of carbon disulfide into/from PEEK as a function of crystallinity and temperature was investigated. The sorption curves of carbon disulfide into PEEK show only two major regions : (a) an increase of penetrant weight with time, and (b) a limiting equilibrium value (solubility). This is in contrast to the sorption of toluene into PEEK which shows three regions. The solubility of carbon disulfide decreases with increasing crystallinity, but temperature has little effect on the solubility in the temperature range of 25-40°C. An acceleration in penetration rate at the later stage of diffusion is observed for PEEK films whose crystallinity is greater than 13.4%, suggesting Supercase II diffusion. Carbon disulfide can be desorbed completely from PEEK in contrast to other fluids, such as toluene or methylene chloride, which are difficult to desorb. The normalized weight loss of carbon disulfide during desorption is an exponential function of square-root time. Solvent-induced crystallization was observed. Crystallinity was estimated from both the measured density and microhardness of the desorbed polymer and polymer which had undergone a sorption/desorption/resorption/desorption cycle.
Man-computer problem solving with multilist

The paper reports on augmenting human problem solving capability in the day-to-day work in management or science through provision of information in a large integrated file with split second response to demands for data or program execution. A number of such systems have been developed. However, the description is in terms of the latest system developed at the University of Pennsylvania. In the first part, the paper deals with tbe Multilist technique for mass storage embedded in a system for remote consoles. Console services, a high level query language and interpreter for the query language, and a highly structured file organization are among the special subsystems described. The second part is devoted to illustrations of usages describing a number of the applications which can be concurrently serviced within the system. These include: an automatic library catalog, to illustrate storage and retrieval functions, and inventory management, to illustrate large scale management functions.
Spatial and Spectral Resolution Limits of Hyperspectral Imagers Using Computed Tomography: A Comparison

Recently, a new type of hyperspectral imaging sensor has been proposed which simultaneously records both spectral data and multiple spatial dimensions. Dispersive imaging spectrometers typically measure multiple wavelengths and a single spatial dimension. Unlike dispersive imaging spectrometers, chromo-tomographic hyperspectral imaging sensors (CTHIS) record 2 spatial dimensions as well as a spectral dimension using computed tomography (CT) techniques with only a few spatially-spectrally diverse images. Different CTHIS designs have been proposed using different chromatic dispersion elements (such as prisms or diffraction gratings [2][4] [3]), but to date no comparison has been performed. In this paper, we examine the two design proposals for CTHIS and use the Cramer-Rao theorem to determine the lower bound of the variance of an unbiased object estimator of two point sources at different wavelengths. This lower bound will be useful to determine which sensor has the best spatial and spectral resolution in the presence of Poisson noise.
Aluminum minichannel solar water heater performance under year-round weather conditions

Abstract In the United States, water heaters are the second highest source of energy usage in households. A wide variety of water heater configurations are available in the market, some of which have higher operating costs than other configurations. Although the most common systems utilize natural gas or electricity to heat water, the use of solar water heaters is becoming more widespread mainly due to the low operating costs associated with this technology. Common designs of solar water heaters include flat-plate collectors and evacuated tubes with a heatpipe attached to an absorber fin. In general, copper is used for the fabrication of these collectors due to its excellent heat transfer properties. However, other thermal designs allow the use of alternative materials without loss of performance. This paper discusses the performance of an aluminum-based minichannel solar water heater under several weather conditions throughout a year.
Clinical comparison of CR and screen film for imaging the critically ill neonate

A clinical comparison of computed radiography (CR) versus screen-film for imaging the critically-ill neonate is performed, utilizing a modified (hybrid) film cassette containing a CR (standard ST-V) imaging plate, a conventional screen and film, allowing simultaneous acquisition of perfectly matched CR and plain film images. For 100 portable neonatal chest and abdominal projection radiographs, plain film was subjectively compared to CR hardcopy. Three pediatric radiologists graded overall image quality on a scale of one (poor) to five (excellent), as well as visualization of various anatomic structures (i.e., lung parenchyma, pulmonary vasculature, tubes/lines) and pathological findings (i.e., pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pleural effusion, pneumothorax). Results analyzed using a combined kappa statistic of the differences between scores from each matched set, combined over the three readers showed no statistically significant difference in overall image quality between screen- film and CR (p equals 0.19). Similarly, no statistically significant difference was seen between screen-film and CR for anatomic structure visualization and for visualization of pathological findings. These results indicate that the image quality of CR is comparable to plain film, and that CR may be a suitable alternative to screen-film imaging for portable neonatal chest and abdominal examinations.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Initial and long-term effects of prazosin on sympathetic vasopressor responses in essential hypertension

In 10 untreated hypertensive patients who received an initial dose of 3 to 5 mg prazosin, supine blood pressure (BP) decreased significantly, from an average of 171 +/- 24/96 +/- 10 to 157 +/- 22/90 +/- 10 mm Hg (p less than 0.025). The Valsalva overshoot, response to cold pressor test and digital vasoconstrictor response to a deep breath were not inhibited. However, during 55 degrees passive headup tilt there was a significant decrease in BP. Seven patients received prazosin for a period of 3 months. After long-term therapy BP returned to baseline levels and a dose of prazosin similar to that given initially produced an average decrease in BP from 174 +/- 20/101 +/- 8 to 167 +/- 23/99 +/- 7 mm Hg. Upright tilting no longer resulted in a decrease in BP. The Valsalva overshoot, cold pressor test and digital vasoconstrictor responses remained unchanged. Orthostatic hypotension after the first dose of prazosin without blockade of the other sympathetic reflex responses suggests that the drug has a greater blocking effect on capacitance vessels than on resistance vessels. Prazosin showed a loss of antihypertensive effectiveness during long-term treatment.
Emotion enhances the subjective feeling of remembering, despite lower accuracy for contextual details.

Emotion strengthens the subjective experience of recollection. However, these vivid and confidently remembered emotional memories may not necessarily be more accurate. We investigated whether the subjective sense of recollection for negative stimuli is coupled with enhanced memory accuracy for contextual details using the remember/know paradigm. Our results indicate a double-dissociation between the subjective feeling of remembering, and the objective memory accuracy for details of negative and neutral scenes. “Remember” judgments were boosted for negative relative to neutral scenes. In contrast, memory for contextual details and associative binding was worse for negative compared to neutral scenes given a “remember” response. These findings show that the enhanced subjective recollective experience for negative stimuli does not reliably indicate greater objective recollection, at least of the details tested, and thus may be driven by a different mechanism than the subjective recollective experience for neutral stimuli.
Evolution of the sequence composition of Flaviviruses

The adaption of pathogens to their host(s) is a major factor in the emergence of infectious disease and the persistent survival of many of the infectious diseases within the population. Since many of the smaller viral pathogens are entirely dependent upon host machinery, it has been postulated that they are under selection for a composition similar to that of their host. Analyses of sequence composition have been conducted for numerous small viral species including the Flavivirus genus. Examination of the species within this particular genus that infect vertebrate hosts revealed that sequence composition proclivities do not correspond with vector transmission as the evolutionary history of this species suggests. Recent sequencing efforts have generated complete genomes for many viral species including members of the Flavivirus genus. A thorough comparison of the sequence composition was conducted for all of the available Flaviviruses for which the complete genome is publicly available. This effort expands the work of previous studies to include new vector-borne species as well as members of the insect-specific group which previously have not been explored. Metrics, including mono-, di-, and tri-nucleotide abundances as well as N(C) values and codon usage preferences, were explored both for the entire polyprotein sequence as well as for each individual coding region. Preferences for compositions correspond to host-range rather than evolutionary history; species which infect vertebrate hosts exhibited particular preferences similar to each other as well as in correspondence with their host's preferences. Flaviviruses which do not infect vertebrate hosts, however, did not show these proclivities, with the exception of the Kamiti River virus suggesting its recent (either past or present) infectivity of an unknown vertebrate host.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat demonstrates marked synergy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in human ovarian cancer cell lines

Although platinum based therapy has improved short term survival of patients with metastatic ovarian cancer, the majority of patients continue to relapse and eventually die of their disease. Currently, a plethora of agents are in development, but how to combine them to enhance efficacy remains largely empiric. We have used short in vitro culture of defined cell lines with application of promising agents and analysis for cell death using a MTT assay to identify potentially useful combinations. Using median effect analysis, curve shift analysis and apoptosis assays, we can identify when agents are synergistic or antagonistic when applied together. Up to three agents can be studied in combination. Using three cell lines: SK-OV3, CaOV-3, and ES-2 (a clear cell tumor), we have identified that panobinostat (LBH-589), a broad histone deacetylase inhibitor in clinical trials, demonstrates global synergy with gemcitabine, with paclitaxel, and additive to synergistic effects with 5'DFUR. The triplet of panobinostat, doxorubicin, and carboplatin is especially synergistic in these cell lines. These effects are cytotoxic and not cytostatic. As all these agents are used clinically, we have identified combinations which warrant further investigation.