cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regular Expressions for Program Computations

In the brief history of computer science, no single article has attracted more attention nor stirred more controversy than a seemingly innocuous 1968 letter to the editor (of the Communications of the ACM) by Edsger Dijkstra [3], titled "Goto Statement Considered Harmful." We were just emerging from the Fortran era, when programming had not yet been thought of as an art or even a craft. A diagram of program flowlines, what came to be called a flowchart, would very nearly resemble a plate of spaghetti go to here and do this, then go to there and do that. Programs were "held together with baling wire," little thought being given to their organizational structure. Dijkstra argued that an "unbridled use of the goto statement" was the heart of the problem. In his opening sentence, he asserts that "the quality of programmers is a decreasing function of the density of goto statements in the programs they produce." He would later argue for the elimination of the goto statement altogether. At the time, nothing could have been more controversial. Many programmers argued that some algorithms were impossible (or at the very least, unnatural) to implement without the use of the goto. But new programming languages were on the horizon (e.g., Pascal particularly), offering such structural constituents as the while do, repeat until, if then else, and case statements, whereby one could organize a program into successive levels of refinement, giving some credence to the Dijkstra claim. Proponents of the Dijkstra discipline of programming began to use a cryptic (at the time) and somewhat obscure result of Corrado I3ohm and Giuseppe Jacopini [1] as justification for their optimism and enthusiasm. In effect, their work seemed to indicate that any algorithm could be written as a structuredprogram [2], i.e., as a program involving only repetition (whether of the "while do" or the "repeat until" variety), selection (typically characterized by the "if then else" construct) and sequence of (possibly compound) statements, these three constructs perhaps being nested one within the other to an arbitrary depth, down to the level of the elementary processes of assignment, input, and output. And most importantly, there was seen to be nb need whatsoever of employing the "harmful" goto statement. But the Bohm-Jacopini result was not all that clearly understood at the time. Even Dijkstra himself stated only that "they seem to have proved the logical superfluousness of the goto statement." For it happens that it is not all that easy to give a totally convincing proof in elementary terms. We take up just such a challenge in this survey. We use the opportunity to introduce the reader to a modern software engineering framework for the investigation, using topics that are important to a contemporary computer science research area known as software metrics, and we further employ an algebra of regular expressions, as most commonly encountered in the theory of automata, all toward offering a modified form of the now-classical Bohm-Jacopini result, and thus achieving a presentation blending the new with the old.
Electronic Resources for Alumni: A Review of ARL Academic Library Websites

ABSTRACTProviding electronic resources for alumni requires careful consideration of a number of legal, technical, financial, and administrative questions by academic libraries. Our review of 115 library websites, including 114 academic library members of the Association of Research Libraries along with Stanford University, reveals in large part what is being made available to alumni and how the information is organized, but also raises more questions for investigation.
Research Actuality of Removing Gaseous Hydrargyrum From Flue Gas With Coal-Sorbent

This paper summarized the basic condition of removing hydrargyrum from flue gas with coal-sorbent nowadays,and emphasized the research actuality of fly ash charcoal and metamorphic active carbon and the character of removing hydrargyrum each.The influence of polar gas on removing hydrargyrum also be mentioned.
Thapsigargin demonstrates calcium-dependent regulation of phosphate uptake in HeLa cells.

We used thapsigargin, a sesquiterpene lactone that mobilizes intracellular Ca without increases in inositol phosphates or major activation of protein kinase C (PKC), to test the specific effects of increasing cytosolic Ca on Na-dependent phosphate uptake in HeLa cells. Thapsigargin increased the Vmax for phosphate uptake from 5.40 +/- 0.26 to 7.86 +/- 0.43 nmol.mg protein-1.3 min-1 (n = 7, P less than 0.001) without change in the apparent Km for phosphate, which averaged 0.15 +/- 0.02 mM. The effect of thapsigargin was dependent on concentration and time. Inactivation of PKC by overnight exposure to 16 microM phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate did not eliminate the effect of thapsigargin, although it completely abolished the effects of phorbol ester on phosphate uptake. Thus thapsigargin are not dependent on PKC. As in other cell systems, thapsigargin increased cytosolic Ca concentration. Removal of extracellular Ca diminished the increase in cytosolic Ca and eliminated the effect of thapsigargin on phosphate uptake. Collectively, our data indicate that Na-dependent phosphate uptake in HeLa cells can be regulated by at least three specific signaling pathways: protein kinase A, PKC, and increased cytosolic Ca.
Animal models in developmental research

The application of animal studies to behavioral problems raises questions about basic differences between animals and humans, but these do not necessarily preclude the possibility of meaningful generalization to human conditions. Problems of definition and cross-species comparison are examined.
Testing the elements of the Big Bang

The nitrogen and oxygen that we breathe, the carbon that makes biochemistry possible, and the calcium in our bones have one striking thing in common: they were all synthesized inside stars. Indeed, the same is true of virtually all the chemical elements that we encounter in everyday life, from the rarest gases to the heaviest metals. One big exception is hydrogen: almost all hydrogen nuclei are protons that emerged from the Big Bang almost 14 billion years ago. Another is light nuclei such as deuterium and lithium, which were produced in a process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis that occurred when the universe was only a few minutes old. The fact that these elements have been around since the beginning of time is surely one of the most fascinating facts in astrophysics.
One-Third of Adults with Diagnosed Asthma Can Be Weaned Off All Asthma Medications.

This study found that current asthma was ruled out after repeated testing in one-third of adults with physician-diagnosed asthma. Patients ruled out for current asthma were less likely to be using asthma medications or daily controlling medications and less likely to have undergone testing for airflow limitation at the time of initial diagnosis.
Occupancy and Detection of Clinch Dace Using Two Gear Types

Abstract The Clinch Dace Chrosomus sp. cf. saylori, discovered in 1999, is an undescribed headwater fish species of global conservation concern with a limited distribution in two counties in southwest Virginia. Highly efficient sampling gears are key to monitoring headwater fish assemblages in Appalachia, including those containing Clinch Dace. Additional information is needed regarding the habitat requirements of the species to understand responses to future mining and logging activities in the region. An occupancy modeling framework is useful to account for incomplete detection, with multiple sampling gears in presence–absence surveys for cryptic or rare species. We detected Clinch Dace at 13 of 70 sites. Occupancy corrected for imperfect detection probability did not differ from naive occupancy estimates and was 0.19. Clinch Dace occurred in streams with higher substrate embeddedness and catchment forest cover. Backpack electrofishing had a 55% higher probability of detecting Clinch Dace in a 50-m subr...
Optimization of Photon and Electron Collection Efficiencies in Silicon Solar Microcells for Use in Concentration‐Based Photovoltaic Systems

Ultrathin silicon solar microcells (μ-cells) afford a means to reduce semiconductor material consumption and can be integrated with concentration optics to improve their power density. A μ-cell design is described that optimizes electron and photon collection with enhanced efficiency for solar concentration applications. An interdigitated back contact (IBC) design improves carrier collection partially due to larger contact coverage while further enabling optimization of the μ-cell front surface. To do so, a silicon nitride antireflection thin film coating is utilized to enhance photon absorption and improve surface passivation. Performance of IBC μ-cells is compared to an optimized top contact design and improves μ-cell conversion efficiencies from 9.9 to 13.7%. Improvements at 1 Sun are amplified under concentration and increase power densities at 20 Suns to 346 from 192 mW cm−2 due to minimized series resistance. Benefits afforded by IBC μ-cells are exemplified following their integration into a dual concentrator system, affording photon collection capacities for direct and diffuse irradiance. A traditional lens concentrates direct light while a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) collects diffuse photons otherwise not utilized by passive optics. Addition of the LSC increases maximum power densities on clear and cloudy days, providing concentration for the latter and further increasing the power density.
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is associated with several risk factors but is most frequently seen as a rare consequence of an acute pulmonary embolism. Surgical pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is potentially curative for CTEPH with the best outcomes seen for the treatment of primarily proximal, accessible lobar or segmental disease. For surgically inoperable patients, percutaneous balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is feasible and has good short- to mid-term efficacy outcomes. This review focuses on the technique and outcomes associated with BPA which has emerged as a new therapeutic option for CTEPH.
Tottering Mouse - a Definition

‘Tottering’ is a naturally occurring mutation in mice of the α1 subunit of a P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav2.1). This results in subtle changes in biophysical properties of the channel and marked effects at the whole animal level. These include episodes of ataxia, dystonia, and absence-like seizures. Regions with high density of P/Q-type channels, such as the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, have more prominent pathophysiology. Dysfunction of these cells is thought to be the likely source of the motor dysfunction. The tg mutation results in a point mutation of the outer vestibule of the pore of the ion channel protein. Several other proteins, including GABAA receptors and tyrosine hydroxylase, are also altered in the tg mice. It is not known whether these are a direct effect, or occur subsequently to the altered function of P/Q-type channels. Because P/Q-type channels play a number of important roles in neurons, their dysfunction leads to disruption of several crucial functions, especially in cerebellum. The most prominent of these is the alteration of neurotransmitter release. Compensatory responses occur through increased contribution of other Cav channel types to functions normally carried out by P/Q-type channels. These compensatory responses vary by the cell type, and are variably successful in sustaining function in tg mice.
Single-sensor acoustic emission source localization in plate-like structures: a deep learning approach

Acoustic emission (AE) source localization in plate-like structures with geometric features, such as stiffeners, usually requires a large number of sensors. Even without any geometric feature, such approaches are usually accurate only within the convex area surrounded by sensors. This paper proposes a deep learning approach that only requires one sensor and can localize acoustic emission sources anywhere within a metallic plate with geometric features. The idea is to leverage the edge reflections of acoustic waves as well as their multimodal and dispersive characteristics. This deep learning approach consists of three autoencoder layers and a regression layer. The input to the first autoencoder layer is the continuous wavelet transform of AE signals and the output of the regression layer is the estimated coordinates of AE sources. To validate the performance of the proposed approach, Hsu-Nielsen pencil lead break tests were performed on an aluminum plate with a stiffener. The results show that the proposed approach has no blind zone and can localize AE sources anywhere on the plate.
Reducing cost and improving operating room efficiency: examination of surgical instrument processing.

Abstract Background Operating room efficiency can be compromised because of surgical instrument processing delays. We observed that many instruments in a standardized tray were not routinely used during thyroid and parathyroid surgery at our institution. Our objective was to create a streamlined instrument tray to optimize operative efficiency and cost. Materials and methods Head and neck surgical instrument trays were evaluated by operating room team leaders. Instruments were identified as either necessary or unnecessary based on use during thyroidectomies and parathyroidectomies. The operating room preparation time, tray weights, number of trays, and number of instruments were recorded for the original and new surgical trays. Cost savings were calculated using estimated reprocessing cost of $0.51 per instrument. Results Three of 13 head and neck trays were converted to thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy trays. The starting head and neck surgical set was reduced from two trays with 98 total instruments to one tray with 36 instruments. Tray weight decreased from 27 pounds to 10 pounds. Tray preparation time decreased from 8 min to 3 min. The new tray saved $31.62 ($49.98 to $18.36) per operation in reprocessing costs. Projected annual savings with hospitalwide implementation is over $28,000.00 for instrument processing alone. Unmeasured hospital savings include decreased instrument wear and replacement frequency, quicker operating room setup, and decreased decontamination costs. Conclusions Optimizing surgical trays can reduce cost, physical strain, preparation time, decontamination time, and processing times, and streamlining trays is an effective strategy for hospitals to reduce costs and increase operating room efficiency.
Daily Temporal Associations Between Physical Activity and Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background Symptom severity is negatively associated with physical activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it is unclear how physical activity and symptoms correlate on a day-to-day basis in persons with MS. Purpose To determine the temporal within-person associations of pain, fatigue, depressed mood, and perceived cognitive function with physical activity in MS. Methods Ambulatory adults with MS (N = 107) completed 7 days of home monitoring. Continuous physical activity data (assessed via wrist-worn accelerometer) and concurrent ecological momentary assessment (5X/day) of pain, fatigue, depressed mood, and perceived cognitive function were collected. Data were analyzed using multilevel mixed modeling. Results Fatigue and depressed mood demonstrated bidirectional associations with physical activity, whereas pain and cognitive function did not. Higher than usual fatigue (B = -5.83, p = .001) and depressed mood (B = -4.12, p = .03) were followed by decreased physical activity. In contrast, higher than usual physical activity was associated with subsequent decline in fatigue (B = -0.001, p = .02) and depressed mood (B = -0.0007, p = .02); however, the association between physical activity and fatigue varied across the day. Conclusions Physical activity is dynamically related to fatigue and mood on a moment-to-moment basis in MS. Efforts to increase physical activity in MS must incorporate a focus on how symptoms affect and are affected by activity.
Elucidating inconsistencies in dysphagia diagnostics: Redefining normal.

AbstractSpeech–language pathologists (SLPs) are the primary healthcare providers responsible for the evaluation and treatment of dysphagia. Fundamental to this role is the ability to make accurate clinical judgements to distinguish between normal versus disordered swallowing for subsequent treatment planning. In this review, we highlight recent data collected from practising clinicians in the USA that reveal low levels of agreement across clinicians and poor to moderate levels of accuracy for making binary diagnostic ratings (normal vs. disordered). We then propose and discuss barriers that may represent challenges to practising SLP’s understanding of normal swallowing physiology. Proposed barriers include: (1) an educational focus on the disordered system; (2) system 1 processing; (3) complexity of the swallowing system; (4) inability to directly visualise the swallowing process; (5) degree of variability of normal swallowing; and (6) high clinical productivity requirements. This article concludes with s...
Group Social Skills Training with Adolescents

Over the past decade, social skills training in groups has become a popular method of therapy for adolescents. This treatment approach has evolved from work in several fields: research in applied behavior analysis focusing on social skills training with court-adjudicated adolescents (e.g., Phillips, Phillips, Fixsen, & Wolf, 1972); research by social psychologists (e.g., Argyle, 1972); work by clinical psychologists (e.g., Goldstein, 1973); and group work with children, adolescents, and adults (e.g., Rose, 1972; 1977). Group therapy programs have most often been implemented with “problem adolescents,” those who are usually labeled as “acting out” and who frequently exhibit severe social skills deficiencies. Because group therapy is often considered an economical form of treatment, particularly when a large number of adolescents need the same type of therapy, it has been conducted in schools, group homes, and institutions.
Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies to Induce and Enhance a Collaborative Set in Distressed Couples

This chapter illustrates the complexity of interpersonal conflict. Relationship dissatisfaction often is a product of both intrapersonal and interpersonal deficiencies. Both cognitive and behavioral interventions, therefore, may be uniquely suited to increase partners’ subjective valuation of their relationship.
A Novel Way of `Understanding' Quantum Mechanics

Written at a level appropriate for an educated lay audience, this paper attempts to give a primarily conceptual overview of a framework recently introduced in reference [3] by this author, which attempts to clarify what quantum mechanics tells us about reality. Physicists may find this paper useful because it focuses on the central ideas of the framework at a conceptual level, thereby lessening their unfamiliarity, an unavoidable feature of truly novel ideas. The author hopes that this article will motivate physicists to seriously evaluate the mathematical details of the framework given in the original reference.
Analysis of the rho mass spectrum in tau decay

The \ensuremath{\rho} mass spectrum in \ensuremath{\tau} decay is calculated from the pion form factor measured in ${e}^{+}$${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ annihilation using the conserved-vector-current hypothesis. The calculation reproduces the mass spectrum observed in the \ensuremath{\tau} data, including the high-mass region near \ensuremath{\rho}(1600).
Mary Elizabeth (Betty) Feeney, 1918–2000

Mary Elizabeth Feeney, better known as Betty, former director of Yale Medical Library (now the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library), died on March 17, 2000; she was eighty-one. Among the other positions she held during her career were director of the New England Regional Medical Library Service (NERMLS) at Harvard University and associate director of the library at the New York Academy of Medicine. Betty Feeney was born in Kansas City, Missouri, on September 15, 1918. She attended the College of St. Elizabeth in Convent Station, New Jersey, and completed her bachelor's degree in English and sociology at the University of Pennsylvania in 1947, following service during World War II as a lieutenant in the U.S. Navy Women's Reserve. She participated in the Professional Training Program in Research Librarianship at the University of Pennsylvania from 1947 to 1949 and then became head of the university library's Reserve Books Department, where she served for two years. Betty entered health sciences librarianship in 1952, as librarian at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital. In 1962, she was appointed assistant librarian at the library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia under Elliott Morse. Two years later, she moved to a similar library, that of the New York Academy of Medicine, where she served as associate director under Gertrude Annan. In 1970, Harold Bloomquist, director of the Countway Library of Medicine at Harvard, named her to succeed the author as director of NERMLS, and she stayed in that post until 1977. Following the departure of Stanley Truelson from Yale Medical Library, she became director of that library until her retirement in 1985. Afterward, she lived in West Hartford, Connecticut. Her closest surviving relative is a cousin. Betty was a long-time member of the Medical Library Association and served on the Committee on Advanced Seminars and on the Committee on Continuing Education. She was also a member of the Special Libraries Association and of the Catholic Library Association. She was the assistant editor of Catholic Library World from 1956 to 1958.
Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Hypertension

Although an association between primary hyperparathyroidism and hypertension has been reported in the literature for decades, the nature of this association has been fraught with controversy. There is wide variability in the reported prevalence of hypertension in primary hyperparathyroidism and conflicting data on whether surgical cure of primary hyperparathyroidism reverses hypertension. This chapter reviews the possible link between these two conditions, explores the potential mechanisms of this association, and evaluates whether hypertension is reversible with surgical cure of primary hyperparathyroidism. We conclude that the link between hypertension and primary hyperparathyroidism remains unclear and the data regarding reversibility with surgical cure unconvincing. Review of available data provides no reason to reconsider the conclusions of the recent International Guidelines for Surgery in Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism, which do not include hypertension as an indication for surgery.
Testing rational choice theories of institutional change

Having empirically identified institutions as critical determinants of socioeconomic outcomes, social scientists are starting to turn their attention to empirically identifying sources of instituti...
Ausblick: Wohin mit all dem Content?

Eine berechtigte Frage, oder? Wir erstellen und erstellen Inhalte, aber werden sie auch jemals gelesen? Werden jemals ALLE Inhalte, die im Web umherschwirren gelesen?
FASTER ART-CNN: AN EXTREMELY FAST STYLE TRANSFER NETWORK

Convolutional neural networks have recently found applications in the artistic realm, where style and content images can be combined to yield a new image. This paper presents a novel architecture for the performance of extremely high speed style transfer in the feed-forward mode, with a minimal qualitative decrease in image quality. This is accomplished by training a deconvolutional neural network to apply a specific style to the provided content image. To make the problem computationally tractable, the content images in this work are restricted to the dataset of Labeled Faces in the Wild. Our faster style transfer results favorably compare to the traditional backpropagation technique and another existing feed-forward technique. The real time performance of our Faster Art-CNN would be suitable for augmented reality, video conferencing and other computationally demanding applications.
Inflation Adjustments Affecting Individual Taxpayers in 2005: Analysis and Commentary

Without inflation adjustments to key portions of the tax system, individuals would be faced with an erosion of their purchasing power. Beginning in 1985, Congress implemented an indexation procedure to adjust various income tax components, including the tax rate schedules, standard deduction, and personal and dependency exemptions. Although suspended by the Tax Reform Act of 1986, indexation resumed in 1989 and now applies to many items in the tax system. In this article, Young discusses 2005 inflation adjustments to specific portions of the individual tax system that are tied to a consumer price index year ending in August. Items adjusted by this indexation procedure include the tax rate schedules, standard deductions, exemptions (and related phaseout), the overall limit on itemized deductions, and certain computational elements related to the unearned income of minor children, child credit, earned income tax credit, adoption expenses, educational savings bonds, education credits, education loan interest, qualified transportation fringe benefits, medical savings accounts, long-term care insurance premiums, and the section 179 expense election.
Test Compaction Under Bounded Transparent-Scan

This paper studies the concept of bounded transparent-scan to take advantage of the test compaction capabilities of transparent-scan at the significantly lower computational cost of conventional multicycle tests. Transparent-scan considers the scan enable input of a standard-scan circuit as a regular primary input. This allows arbitrary sequences of scan shift and functional capture cycles to be used as part of a transparent-scan sequence, contributing to test compaction. However, it also has the computational cost of sequential fault simulation over all the clock cycles of the test application process. With bounded transparent-scan, tests start and end with scan-in and scan-out operations that do not need to be simulated. Between the scan operations, arbitrary sequences of scan shift and functional capture cycles are allowed to support test compaction. The paper develops a test compaction procedure under bounded transparent-scan, and presents experimental results for benchmark circuits to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Power labs: teaching sustainability in a computer organizaton class

With our ever-increasing reliance on information technology, sustainable computing has become a hot topic everywhere, with the possible exception of undergraduate CS education. We are working to change this by providing laboratory exercises that expose undergraduate students to the principles of power management without the complication and cost of specialized equipment.
Engineering the interfacial chemistry and mechanical properties of cellulose-reinforced epoxy composites using atomic layer deposition (ALD)

Automotive and aerospace industries require new lightweight materials that enhance payload and improve efficiency via vehicle weight reduction. Employing composites, such as fiber-reinforced polymers, is a common approach to reducing vehicle component weight. In this work, we examine the use of atomic layer deposition (ALD) to alter the interfacial chemistry in cellulose-reinforced epoxy composites. As produced, most cellulosics are hydrophilic and immiscible in industrially relevant hydrophobic polymers. In this study, a variety of ALD-derived surface modification schemes are explored to improve resin permeation within a fibrous, cellulose-based paper preform and to increase interfacial adhesion between the epoxy and the cellulose preform. Specifically, we consider surface modification of the cellulose paper with the ALD precursors trimethylaluminum (TMA) and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with a water oxidant to form aluminum oxide and titanium oxide-based surface chemistries. Few cycle ALD treatments (2-cycles) combined with an additional post-deposition heating step are found to make the cellulose preforms more hydrophobic. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verifies the presence of the metal oxide surface treatments and points towards high concentration of adsorbed adventitious carbon as the source for surface hydrophobicity. Tensile testing of laminated epoxy composites made from these cellulosic preforms indicates two mechanical property regimes depending on surface treatment: (1) high toughness and high strain for preforms that underwent only an ALD coating and (2) high modulus and high strength for preforms ALD coated and then heated at 120 °C in air. ALD treatments resulted in an 80% increase in toughness and a 47% increase in strain at break. ALD treatments with post-deposition heating resulted in a 16% increase in the elastic modulus and a 27% increase in the ultimate tensile strength. Here we propose a combination of cellulose/epoxy mechanical interlocking and interfacial adhesion as mechanisms to explain the difference in mechanical properties of the explored composites.
A MACHINE ORIENTED HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE FOR MICROPROCESSOR APPLICATIONS

Several problems of software development for microprocessor based computer systems are addressed. The proposed solution is to specify a high level, machine oriented, structured programming language suitable for general microprocessors; and to implement a portable compiler for this language. The aspects of implementation of this language are also discussed. Portability and ease of bootstrapping this language for different processors and/or operating systems are demonstrated utilizing the DEC PDP-11 and Zilog-80 systems. Finally, comparisons are made between this language and INTEL'S PL/M.
Comparison of patient demographics and patient-related risk factors for dislocations following reverse shoulder arthroplasty

Abstract Background Dislocations following primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) are a feared and concerning complication. With the increasing number of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) procedures being performed worldwide e, studies evaluating risk factors for dislocation following this procedure are limited. The purpose of this study was to utilize a large claims database to identify patient-related risk factors associated with dislocations following primary rTSA. Methods A retrospective query of the Part A and Part B 100% Medicare Standard Analytical Files (SAF) claims database was performed identifying patients who underwent primary rTSA for the treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis. The inclusion criteria for the study group consisted of all patients who had a dislocation within 2-years following the index procedure. Patients with a record of other arthroplasty-type procedures were excluded. The query yielded 30,670 patients with (n = 703) and without (n = 29,967) dislocations. Multivariate binomial logistics regression analysis was performed to calculate odds (OR) on the impact of patient-related risk factors for dislocations following primary rTSA. A P value less than .002 was considered statistically significant. Results Study group patients that sustained a dislocation following primary rTSA were generally younger than the age of 65 (16.8 vs. 8.3%) and male (59.6 vs. 38.8%). Study group patients had a higher comorbidity burden, as demonstrated by higher mean Elixhauser-Comorbidity Index (ECI) scores (9 vs. 6, P Conclusion As the number of primary rTSA procedures increase worldwide, identification of patient-related risk factors for dislocations is of great importance. The study showed the greatest risk factors for dislocations included male sex with modifiable risk factors being opioid use disorder, hypertension, and morbid obesity. The study is vital as it can facilitate in guiding orthopedists and altering management for these high-risk patients. Level of evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Sexual violence against women as a weapon of Rohingya genocide in Myanmar

Between 25 August and 13 October 2017, more than half a million Rohingyas of the Rakhine State of Myanmar fled to Bangladesh, as their homes were set ablaze by military and security.1 Countless wom...
Social Support and Work-Family Conflict

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the scientific literature to define social support and the various sources of support. Subsequently, evidence is presented regarding the role that social support plays in the work–family interface and its consequences for the work and nonwork domains of life. Throughout, variances attributed to individual differences are also highlighted. It illustrates the importance of social support in our society is evidenced by the prevalence of research on its nature and its role in people's lives. Busy workers with multiple roles, who are trying to meet numerous expectations, seem to find refuge in one form of support or another through various individuals in their social networks. With the number of dual-career families and single parents increasing, the level of stress in the typical worker's life is also intensified. The better social support is understood, the more guidance and alternatives can be provided to the stressed worker of today. It presents various definitions of social support that is followed by an overview of the sources of support and the types of support provided. The use of support across gender and ethnicity is briefly discussed, particularly as it relates to work–family conflict (WFC). Finally a discussion of the effect of social support on work–family and organizational outcomes follow.
The Entropy Power Inequality and the Brunn-Minkowski Inequality

The Brunn-Minkowski inequality states that the nth root of the volume of the set sum of two sets in Euclidean n-space is greater than or equal to the sum of the nth roots of the volumes of the individual sets. The entropy power inequality states that the effective variance of the sum of two independent random variables with densities in n-space is greater than or equal to the sums of their effective variances. Formally, the inequalities can be seen to be similar. We are interested in determining whether this occurs by chance or whether there is a fundamental idea underlying both inequalities.
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Replication After Transduction of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor–Mobilized CD34+ Cells From HIV-1–Infected Donors Using Retroviral Vectors Containing Anti–HIV-1 Genes

Transfer of “anti-HIV-1 genes” into hematopoietic stem cells of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)–infected individuals may be a potent therapeutic approach to render mature cells arising from transduced stem cells resistant to the destructive events associated with HIV-1 infection. To determine the feasibility of gene therapy for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in individuals already infected with HIV-1, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells were isolated from HIV-1–infected individuals and transduced with retroviral vectors containing three different anti–HIV-1-genes: the Rev binding domain of the Rev Responsive Element (RRE decoy) (L-RRE-neo), a double hammerhead ribozyme vector targeted to cleave the tat and rev transcripts (L-TR/TAT-neo), and the trans -dominant mutant of rev (M10) (L-M10-SN). As a control, a vector mediating only neomycin resistance (LN) was used. After 3 days of transduction on allogeneic stroma in the presence of stem cell factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-3, the cultures were G418-selected, and then challenged with HIV-1JR-FL and a primary HIV-1 isolate. Compared with the control cultures, the L-RRE-neo–, L-TR/TAT-neo–, and L-M10-SN–transduced cultures displayed up to 1,000-fold inhibition of HIV-1 replication after challenge with HIV-1JR-FL and the primary HIV-1 isolate. Growth of the hematopoietic cells in long-term bone marrow culture was not perturbed by the presence of any of the anti–HIV-1 genes. This study shows that anti–HIV-1 genes can be introduced into CD34+ cells from individuals already infected with HIV-1, and strongly inhibit HIV-1 replication in primary monocytes derived from the CD34+ progenitors.
Involvement of PKC‐ι in glioma proliferation

UNLABELLED Atypical protein kinase C-iota (PKC-iota) protects cells against apoptosis and may play a role in cell proliferation. However, in vivo, the status and function of PKC-iota in human normal brain tissue, gliomas, benign and malignant meningiomas as well as its in vitro status in proliferating and confluent glioma cells, remains unknown. OBJECTIVES The objectives of our research were to determine whether expression of PKC-iota is altered either in gliomas or in benign and malignant meningiomas, compared to normal brain. In addition, we wished to establish the expression of PKC-iota in proliferating plus in cell cycle-arrested glioma cell lines, as well as the relationship between PKC-iota siRNA on PKC-iota protein content and cell proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blot analyses for PKC-iota were performed on 12 normal brain biopsies, 15 benign meningiomas, three malignant meningiomas and three gliomas. RESULTS Results demonstrated no (n = 9) or very weak (n = 3) detection of PKC-iota in normal brain tissue. In comparison, PKC-iota was robustly present in the majority of the benign meningiomas. Similarly, PKC-iota was abundant in all malignant meningiomas and gliomas. Western blotting for PKC-iota in confluent or proliferating glioma cell lines depicted substantial quantities of PKC-iota in proliferating T98G and U-138MG glioma cells. In contrast, confluent cells had either 71% (T98G) or 21% (U-138MG) less PKC-iota than proliferating cells. T98 and U-138 MG glioma cells treated with 100 nm PKC-iota siRNA had lower levels of cell proliferation compared to control siRNA-A and complete down-regulation of PKC-iota protein content. CONCLUSION These results support the concept that presence of PKC-iota may be required for cell proliferation to take place.
Biofunctionalizing devitalized bone allografts through polymer-mediated short and long term growth factor delivery.

According to 5- and 10-year clinical follow-up studies large-scale bone allografts have a high failure rate, largely due to poor allograft incorporation with adjacent bone and subsequent poor remodeling. The goal of this study was to develop a methodology to deliver growth factors from large-scale bone allografts in a temporally controlled manner. Intact long bone allografts were coated with a micron-scale thick layer of degradable polymer that maintained inherent pore structures and acted as a delivery vehicle for bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. VEGF was loaded onto the surface of the polymer to produce rapid release, to encourage initial vascularization at the defect site, while BMP-2 was encapsulated within the polymer layer to promote a more sustained release, to encourage bone formation over time. Release kinetics from factor-loaded polymer-coated allografts show an early burst release of VEGF over the first 7 days followed by a more sustained release of BMP-2 over the second and third week. In vitro cell studies using human mesenchymal stem cells confirm the bioactivity of the released BMP-2. In-vivo results show robust bone formation over the first 8 weeks of healing in femoral segmental defects in rats implanted with BMP-2 loaded polymer-coated allografts. A microscale thin coating of degradable polymer on a large-scale bone allograft provides temporal control over the delivery of growth factor loaded onto one allograft, while maintaining its microscale pore structure. Enhancing the incorporation and subsequent remodeling of allografts would reduce the incidence of allograft failure over time, and potentially speed healing at the earliest stages after implantation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2847–2854, 2015.
Lagrangian description of warm plasmas

Efforts are described to extend the averaged Lagrangian method of describing small signal wave propagation and nonlinear wave interaction, developed by earlier workers for cold plasmas, to the more general conditions of warm collisionless plasmas, and to demonstrate particularly the effectiveness of the method in analyzing wave-wave interactions. The theory is developed for both the microscopic description and the hydrodynamic approximation to plasma behavior. First, a microscopic Lagrangian is formulated rigorously, and expanded in terms of perturbations about equilibrium. Two methods are then described for deriving a hydrodynamic Lagrangian. In the first of these, the Lagrangian is obtained by velocity integration of the exact microscopic Lagrangian. In the second, the expanded hydrodynamic Lagrangian is obtained directly from the expanded microscopic Lagrangian. As applications of the microscopic Lagrangian, the small-signal dispersion relations and the coupled mode equations are derived for all possible waves in a warm infinite, weakly inhomogeneous magnetoplasma, and their interactions are examined.
The weak network tracing problem

Computing the topology of a network in the Internet is a problem that has attracted considerable research interest. The usual method is to employ Traceroute, which produces sequences of nodes that occur along the routes from one node (source) to another (destination). In every trace thus produced, a node occurs by either its unique identifier, or by the anonymous identifier "*". We have earlier proved that there exists no algorithm that can take a set of traces produced by running Traceroute on network N and compute one topology which is guaranteed to be the topology of N. This paper proves a much stronger result: no algorithm can produce a small set of topologies that is guaranteed to contain the topology of N, as the size of the solution set is exponentially large. This result holds even when every edge occurs in a trace, all the unique identifiers of all the nodes are known, and the number of nodes that are irregular (anonymous in some traces) is given. On the basis of this strong result, we suggest that efforts to exactly reconstruct network topology should focus on special cases where the solution set is small.
The Role of Galactic Winds in Galaxy Formation

Astrophysical processes such as gas cooling and feedback, i.e. gas reheating from stars and quasars, render galaxy formation quite complicated compared to large-scale structure formation. Empirical calibrations of the star formation rate and supernova-feedback efficiency have proven critical for simulating the formation and evolution of galaxies in cosmological models. The measured properties of galactic winds, relevant to these recipes, are reviewed here. Observations from X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, and infrared observatories yield important information due to the complex, multiphase nature of galactic outflows. This contribution also examines how these measurements constrain dynamical models of outflows. Possible implications of this, still evolving, dynamical understanding of galactic winds are discussed with regard to shaping the galaxy luminosity function and polluting the intergalactic medium with heavy elements.
Nutrition and muscle protein synthesis: a descriptive review

Donnees fondamentales: Les praticiens en chiropratique recommandent souvent a leurs patients des exercices therapeutiques et des conseils sur la nutrition. On sous-estime le role que jouent les muscles squelettiques dans la sante comme dans les maladies. Creer une synergie entre la consommation de proteines et l'exercice favorise la synthese des proteines et peut avoir des repercussions chez le patient. Objectif: Passer en revue la documentation decrivant le metabolisme de la proteine et l'exercice et la facon dont le tout est relie a la pratique des soins de sante en chiropratique. Methode: On a effectue une recherche des bases de donnees du PubMed et du Web of Science en utilisant les mots cles « metabolismes de la proteine », « synthese de la proteine », « exercice », « lactoserum », « soja » et « entrainement contre resistance » ainsi que des variantes de ces derniers. On a exclu les documents ne s'appliquant pas aux etres humains, ceux portant sur des enfants ou des personnes malades, ou qui avaient ete publies avant 1988. Trente documents ont ete finalement inclus dans l'analyse. Discussion: Le volume, le type et le moment de la consommation de proteines jouent tous des roles essentiels dans la promotion de la synthese de la proteine. Le mecanisme intracellulaire a l'origine de la synthese de la proteine a plusieurs composantes interessantes, qui sont interreliees. Conclusion: Une adaptation a l'exercice (synthese de la proteine) peut etre amelioree en limitant le type de proteines, le volume des proteines consommees et le moment de la consommation des proteines. Les chiropraticiens peuvent avoir une incidence sur les resultats pour le patient en utilisant une preuve empirique sur la consommation des proteines et l'exercice pour maximiser la synthese des proteines.
Experimental production of atherosclerosis in mice. 2. Effects of atherogenic and high-fat diets on vascular changes in chronically and acutely irradiated mice.

Summary In the present study gross and microscopic findings due to the effects of various atherogenic and high-fat diets, together with various chronic and acute X-irradiation doses were compared in CFi male mice. The synthetic diets utilized in the present studies, high-fat synthetic control diet (C), Thomas (D), Fillios (E), or Wilgram (F), produced severe pathological disturbances in non-irradiated and irradiated animals. The weight of the liver and spleen in particular was decreased in mice fed atherogenic or synthetic control diets. Chronic radiation exposure either alone or in combination with diet C, F, or B caused marked decrease in the testis weights. Arterial lesions were easily produced in mice which were fed Wilgram diet and were similar to those described by him in rats. This appeared to be the first induction of atherosclerosis in mice using this diet. Comparison of the histopathological findings described in rats by Fillios, Thomas and Hartroft was impossible in mice because of their short survival. Without modification these diets appeared to be unsuitable for mouse experimentation. Lipid deposition within the smooth muscle cells was observed in the aorta, coronary and renal arteries in the mice fed diet F. In the mice fed atherogenic diets (D, F) severe atrophy of smooth muscle cells was seen and calcification of media of the aorta, coronary, renal and pulmonary arteries was frequent and severe. In addition, patchy calcified necrotic areas of myocardium were observed. However, the combination of the chronic irradiation exposure and diet F decreased the degree of lipid deposition and resulted in less calcification of the blood vessels. The same combination increased incidence of thrombosis. In using only chronic X-irradiation, mild hyalinization of collagen fibers in the aorta and calcification of coronary and testicular arteries were observed. Intimai lipid deposition was present in coronary arteries, as well as focal mononuclear infiltration, patchy necrosis and calcification in the myocardium. Acute radiation resulted in loss of smooth muscle cells and calcification of aortic media, calcification and hyalinization of the pulmonary arteries and mononuclear infiltration, necrosis and calcification of the myocardium. The combination of atherogenic diets with acute X-irradiation did not lead to any decrease in sudanophilia or calcification of blood vessels.
Algorithmic improvements in gene mapping

The analysis of human gene mapping data presents daunting computational challenges. Improvements in laboratory technology have motivated the development and refinement of increasingly sophisticated algorithms for the analysis of human pedigrees. We review and summarize some of the more important developments, and present a short history of the software packages that are now in widespread use in human gene mapping studies. Keywords: gene-mapping algorithms; computational methods; human pedigrees; Elston–Stewart; Lander–Green; stochastic methods