cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The articulations of Adam's rib with the lower urinary tract.

Patient 1. A 23-year-old, mentally retarded woman was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of a pelvic mass. Noted to have ambiguous genitalia at birth, the patient was raised as a boy until age 4. At that time, she was hospitalized because of difficulty in urinating. The phallus was intermediate in size; also present were a common urethral-vaginal opening, nearly fused labioscrotal folds, and an inguinal hernia. Laparotomy disclosed a normal-appearing gonad on the left (thought to be an ovary), no gonad on the right, and no uterus, but a white, string-like, apparently solid structure that connected the broad ligaments and was closely applied to a large, hypotonic bladder. The patient had a clitorectomy and enlargement of the urethral orifice and was thereafter raised as a girl. At age 12, she developed marked hirsutism and acne. At age 20, chronic pyelonephritis was diagnosed, and an intravenous pyelogram showed a double collecting system bilaterally, with left hydronephrosis and hydroureters. At that time a firm, movable, midline pelvic mass was noted during two physical examinations, but not on a third, nor was the mass visible on the IVP. The patient was a short, hirsute woman with low-set ears, a low hairline, a broad chest with no breast development, and marked cubitus valgus. Vital signs were normal. There were a male degree and distribution of body hair, some temporal recession, and some mustache hair. A complete blood count and other routine laboratory evaluations were normal, including a serum creatinine level of 0.8 mg/dl and a creatinine clearance of 130 liter/24 hr. Adrenal steroids were normal at
Inflammatory/Antiinflammatory Properties of High-Density Lipoprotein Distinguish Patients From Control Subjects Better Than High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Are Favorably Affected by Simvastatin Treatment

Background— The inflammatory/antiinflammatory properties of HDL were compared with HDL cholesterol in 2 groups of patients and in age- and sex-matched control subjects. Methods and Results— Group 1 consisted of 26 patients not yet taking a statin who presented with coronary heart disease (CHD) or CHD equivalents by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria studied before and 6 weeks after 40 mg/d of simvastatin. Group 2 consisted of 20 patients with documented CHD and HDL cholesterol ≥84 mg/dL. The inflammatory/antiinflammatory properties of HDL were determined by the ability of the subject’s HDL to alter LDL-induced monocyte chemotactic activity (MCA) in a human artery wall coculture. Induction of MCA by a control LDL was determined in the absence or presence of the subject’s HDL. Values in the absence of HDL were normalized to 1.0. Values >1.0 after the addition of HDL indicated proinflammatory HDL; values <1.0 indicated antiinflammatory HDL. Group 1 values before simvast...
Novel optical biosensors using a gold colloid monolayer substrate

ABSTRACT A novel optical biosensor matrix has been developed to exploit the native fluorescence of certain proteins. Thismatrix uses a gold colloid monolayer attached to an end of a fiber as a substrate for protein attachment. The effect of the goldmonolayer size has been investigated through the techniques of fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and transmissionelectron microscopy. It has been shown that the size ofthe gold colloid does produce a marked difference in the fluorescenceintesity measured. It is surmised through the use of microscopy techniques that the intensity changes seen in the fluorescenceemission are not a result of surface coverage, or availability of sites for protein adsorption, but instead of quenching orenhancement by the gold itself.Keywords: optodes, gold colloids, biosensor, sensor 1. INTRODUCTION Sensors developed to measure concentrations of ions and small molecules are of interest for direct analysis outsideand inside single cells. Optical sensors have proven invaluable for making these measurements, since it is easy to producefiber optic tips small enough to be relatively non-invasive even in a cell. Many of these optical sensors make use of an ion-selective molecule trapped inside a polymer matrix. Even though there are many proteins which are also sensitive to ions orsmall molecules, it is difficult to immobilize them in the same manner as molecular probes. In order to exploit the nativefluorescence of certain proteins, gold colloid based fiber optic biosensors have been developed as novel sensor substrates.Sensors of this type have many advantages over previous methods of protein immobilization. For instance, acrylamide
Fundamental tribological properties of ion-beam-deposited boron nitride films

The adhesion, friction, and micromechanical properties of ion-beam-deposited boron nitride (BN) films are reviewed. The BN films are examined in contact with BN metals and other harder materials. For simplicity of discussion, the tribological properties of concern in the processes are separated into two parts. First, the pull-off force (adhesion) and the shear force required to break the interfacial junctions between contacting surfaces are discussed. The effects of surface films, hardness of metals, and temperature on tribological response with respect to adhesion and friction are considered. The second part deals with the abrasion of the BN films. Elastic, plastic, and fracture behavior of the BN films in solid-state contact are discussed. The scratch technique of determining the critical load needed to fracture interfacial adhesive bonds of BN films deposited on substrates is also addressed.
Evaluating the effectiveness of process improvements on software development cycle time via system dynamics modelling

Reducing software development cycle time without sacrificing quality is crucial to the continued success of most software development organizations. Software companies are investing time and money in reengineering processes incorporating improvements aimed at reducing their cycle time. Unfortunately, the impact of process improvements on the cycle time of complex software processes is not well understood. The objective of our research has been to provide decision makers with a model that will enable the prediction of the impact a set of process improvements will have on their software development cycle time. This paper describes our initial results of developing such a model and applying it to assess the impact of software inspections. The model enables decision makers to gain insight and perform controlled experiments to answer "What if?" type questions, such as, "What kind of cycle time reduction can I expect to see if I implement inspections?" or "How much time should I spend on inspections?".
Haematopoeitic cell transplantation for Fanconi anaemia – when and how?

Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) remains the only treatment that can correct the haematological manifestations in patients with Fanconi anaemia. Over the last two decades, sequential changes to the approach to HCT have resulted in reduced regimen-related toxicity, superior engraftment and less graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), resulting in improved survival. The two pivotal changes that most influenced these improvements were the addition of fludarabine to the preparative regimen to augment engraftment, and the use of T cell depletion to reduce GVHD. With these improved HCT outcomes, indications for HCT are quite consistent regardless of donor source. Emphasis is now being placed on developing HCT regimens that will improve quality of life by reducing late effects, particularly the risk of malignancy, sterility and endocrinopathies. This paper will review the unique challenges of HCT in FA patients, with particular emphasis on the timing and approach to HCT.
Equilibrium Liquidity Premia

This paper studies in a general framework the relative prices of perpetuities with identical dividends and different bid-ask spreads. It establishes four sets of conditions under which the liquidity premium is always positive (i.e., an asset with smaller spread always commands a higher price). To show that the liquidity premium is not necessarily positive, the paper presents two examples of general equilibrium in which the liquidity premium is sometimes negative. The paper also establishes four sets of conditions under which the price-spread relation is convex and uses results on asset price bubbles to establish liquidity premium bounds.
Surface science of complex environmental interfaces: Oxide and carbonate surfaces in dynamic equilibrium with water vapor

Surface scientists are dealing more and more with complex systems that are challenging to investigate from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. The surface science of complex interfaces, such as environmental interfaces under ambient conditions of temperature and relative humidity, requires both advances in experimental and theoretical methods in order for conceptual insights to emerge. In this prospective, several aspects of environmental interfaces and the field of environmental surface science are discussed. These include: (i) adsorbed water on oxide and carbonate interfaces; (ii) surface chemistry of oxide and carbonate interfaces in the presence of co-adsorbed water; (iii) solvation of ions by co-adsorbed water on environmental interfaces; and (iv) research needs and challenges in environmental surface science.
Tone probe event-related potential differences during a face recognition task in prepubertal children and Turner Syndrome girls

Hormones have been shown to play a role in both cerebral development and neurocognitive function. Turner Syndrome (TS) provides the opportunity to study the effect of the lack of estrogen on neurocognitive development. In this study, event-related potential (ERP) differences were examined among 12 TS girls, 20 prepubertal control girls, and 20 prepubertal control boys during a face recognition memory task. Stage of puberty was determined by Tanner Scale rating and hormonal assay. ERPs to pairs of auditory probe stimuli were recorded from eight scalp sites while participants performed a faced recognition memory (FRM) task. For the N2 component of the ERP (which has previously been associated with evaluation of stimulus information, categorization difficulty, and attention), control boys displayed greater right versus left hemisphere amplitude, control girls displayed greater left versus right hemisphere amplitude, and there was no amplitude asymmetry for TS girls. Further, control girls had greater left hemisphere N2 amplitude than control boys and TS girls, and greater right hemisphere N2 amplitude than TS girls. The results suggest more right hemisphere activation during face recognition in boys, while the opposite pattern was present in control girls. In contrast, TS girls displayed no asymmetry, indicative of more uniform involvement of the left and right hemispheres during face recognition. These findings are consistent with differences in cortical organization related to face recognition memory processing among prepubertal control boys, girls, and TS girls. They also support the notion that sex differences in cognitive function are present prior to pubertal onset, and that lack of endogenous sex hormones (e.g., estrogen) during prenatal/perinatal development (i.e., for TS girls) may influence brain organization and, in turn, neurocognitive processes that relate to face recognition.
Regulation of Peripheral Catecholamine Responses to Acute Stress in Young Adult and Aged F-344 Rats.

Young adult (3-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) Fischer-344 male rats received i.v. infusions of 3H-labeled norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) to examine the effects of aging on the neuronal uptake of NE and sympathoadrenal release of NE and EPI. Spillovers of NE and EPI into plasma and their clearance from the circulation were estimated from plasma concentrations of endogenous and 3H-labeled NE and EPI. The efficiency of neuronal uptake was assessed from changes in plasma clearance of NE and concentrations of its intraneuronal metabolite, dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), during immobilization stress or neuronal uptake blockade with desipramine. Stress-induced increases in plasma NE and higher plasma NE concentrations in aged compared to young adult rats were due to both decreases in NE clearance and increases in NE spillover. EPI spillover and clearance were reduced in aged compared to young adult rats, so that plasma EPI levels did not differ between groups. Young adult and aged rats had similar d...
The contribution of the augmented unipolar extremity leads to the pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy in the horizontal or semihorizontal electrocardiographic position

Abstract 1.1. The unipolar precordial and augmented unipolar extremity leads were studied for the values of R, S, and T waves in 30 normal subjects presenting the horizontal and semihorizontal electrocardiographic positions and in 65 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy with a similar electrocardiographic position. 2.2. The instances where the measurements in the left ventricular hypertrophy group fell outside the range of measurements in the normal group were tabulated for the most useful leads, V 5 , V 6 , and aV L . A particularly valuable measurement was the ratio of the amplitude of the T wave to the amplitude of its associated R wave in a given lead, expressed in percentage and called the TR ratio. 3.3. Of the 65 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy 83 per cent were characterized in Lead aV L either by an R wave greater than 11 mm. with or without a TR ratio less than 10 per cent, or by an R wave greater than 10 mm. always with a TR ratio less than 10 per cent. 4.4. These findings emphasize the value of Lead aV L in establishing the pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy in a tracing with the horizontal or semihorizontal electrocardiographic position.
Medical missions: A therapeutic primer

Trips abroad to underdeveloped countries for the purpose of providing dermatologic care (medical missions), while both exciting and gratifying, require planning and forethought. What do I bring? What conditions will I encounter? What medications will be available? This paper outlines my experiences on such trips over the past 15 years, providing an approach and formulary which facilitates the performance of daily medical dermatology clinics.
Circadian effects of light no brighter than moonlight.

In mammals, light entrains endogenous circadian pacemakers by inducing daily phase shifts via a photoreceptor mechanism recently discovered in retinal ganglion cells. Light that is comparable in intensity to moonlight is generally ineffective at inducing phase shifts or suppressing melatonin secretion, which has prompted the view that circadian photic sensitivity has been titrated so that the central pacemaker is unaffected by natural nighttime illumination. However, the authors have shown in several different entrainment paradigms that completely dark nights are not functionally equivalent to dimly lit nights, even when nighttime illumination is below putative thresholds for the circadian visual system. The present studies extend these findings. Dim illumination is shown here to be neither a strong zeitgeber, consistent with published fluence response curves, nor a potentiator of other zeitgebers. Nevertheless, dim light markedly alters the behavior of the free-running circadian pacemaker. Syrian hamster...
Bone Tumor Imaging, Then and Now: Review Article

Background Musculoskeletal tumor imaging is a focused subspecialty of musculoskeletal radiology. The goals of imaging and techniques employed are continually evolving and often slightly different from those used in other musculoskeletal diseases. As these techniques change, it is occasionally useful to review what is new.
Quantization of Vibratory Motion

When submicroscopic entities are examined sufficiently closely, many are found to be composite. Often the unit consists of relatively massive particles held together by oppositely charged, much less massive, light particles. Free movement of the center of mass of the unit is called ‘translation’, while free movement around the center is called ‘rotation’. We have already considered such motions.
The Social Challenge to Business

This article presents a review of the book “The Social Challenge to Business,” by Robert W. Ackerman.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and natural microbiota on spinach leaves using gaseous ozone during vacuum cooling and simulated transportation.

The aim of this study was to integrate an ozone-based sanitization step into existing processing practices for fresh produce and to evaluate the efficacy of this step against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Baby spinach inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (∼107 CFU/g) was treated in a pilot-scale system with combinations of vacuum cooling and sanitizing levels of ozone gas (SanVac). The contribution of process variables (ozone concentration, pressure, and treatment time) to lethality was investigated using response-surface methodology. SanVac processes decreased E. coli O157:H7 populations by up to 2.4 log CFU/g. An optimized SanVac process that inactivated 1.8 log CFU/g with no apparent damage to the quality of the spinach had the following parameters: O3 at 1.5 g/kg gas-mix (935 ppm, vol/vol), 10 psig of holding pressure, and 30 min of holding time. In a separate set of experiments, refrigerated spinach was treated with low ozone levels (8 to 16 mg/kg; 5 to 10 ppm, vol/vol) for up to 3 days in a system that simul...
Husserl and Rickert on the Nature of Judgment

In this paper I present and assess a controversy between Edmund Husserl and Heinrich Rickert on the nature of judgment, in order to bring to light the originality of Husserl's proposal concerning this important issue. In the first section I provide some context for Rickert's theory of judgment by sketching a reconstruction of nineteenth century logical theory and then proceed to introduce Rickert's view. I suggest that nineteenth century logic is characterized by a criticism of the traditional view that sees categorial judgment (S is P) as the essential form of judgment and the uniting and separating of ideas as sufficient for the constitution of a judgment. Hume inaugurates this criticism, but it finds its most mature expression in the work of Lotze, Brentano, and Rickert. Rickert, in particular, sees simple affirmation and negation of the transcendent value of truth as the essence of judgment. In the second section I present Husserl's criticism of Rickert. Husserl's criticism revolves around the distinction between simple judgments and the higher-order affirmative or negative stance we can adopt with respect to previously articulated simple judgments. Simple judgments register the mereological relation holding among something and one of its properties, and they do not entail an affirmative or negative stance. Their function is to constitute states of affairs drawing on concrete perceptual situations. Higher-order affirmation or negation occurs when we set out to revisit a foregoing simple judgment in order to confirm or disconfirm the veridicality of its proposed state of affairs. In the third part I suggest a diagnosis of the origin of the mistake in earlier theories. Simple judgments are easy to conflate with non-simple, higher-order judgmental stances because (1) they have the same logical value and (2) they cannot be seen without the aid of genuinely phenomenological (as opposed to retrospective) reflection. In conclusion, I suggest that Husserl's analysis amounts to a vindication of categorial judgment in its traditional form ‘S is P’, which continues to maintain a phenomenological legitimacy even in the wake of Frege's canonical dismissal of subject and predicate.
John Donne's SWEETEST LOVE, I DO NOT GOE: An Ode to Promiscuity

Critical commentary on this rarely studied poem, although sparse, is nearly unanimous in declaring its speaker to be sincere. Wilbur Sanders explains that the speaker “faces the woman's grief at pa...
Clara Cell Secretory Protein Limits Small Airway Inflammation and Fibrosis Induced by De Novo Donor Specific Antibodies

s S37 results were seen in 158 (83%) samples and positive results in 5 (3%) samples. The xTAG ASR assay displayed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 15.6%, 100%, 100%, and 85.4% when compared to GM ELISA. Conclusion: These results provide proof-of-concept that detection of fungal DNA is feasible in EBC. Further evaluation to determine its role in prophylaxis and treatment is warranted.
Perfect plans immunity,Raise the Coverage for school-age children

There are plans to use the vaccine for school-age children vaccinated in order to improve population immunity levels,corresponding to control and ultimately eradicate infectious diseases.Good public educations.standard operating procedures,according to scientific vaccination immunization program,improve the quality of vaccination.Improved measures to increase vaccination rates.
Haploinsufficiency of the 22q11.2 microdeletion gene Mrpl40 disrupts short-term synaptic plasticity and working memory through dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium

Hemizygous deletion of a 1.5- to 3-megabase region on chromosome 22 causes 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), which constitutes one of the strongest genetic risks for schizophrenia. Mouse models of 22q11DS have abnormal short-term synaptic plasticity that contributes to working-memory deficiencies similar to those in schizophrenia. We screened mutant mice carrying hemizygous deletions of 22q11DS genes and identified haploinsufficiency of Mrpl40 (mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit protein 40) as a contributor to abnormal short-term potentiation (STP), a major form of short-term synaptic plasticity. Two-photon imaging of the genetically encoded fluorescent calcium indicator GCaMP6, expressed in presynaptic cytosol or mitochondria, showed that Mrpl40 haploinsufficiency deregulates STP via impaired calcium extrusion from the mitochondrial matrix through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This led to abnormally high cytosolic calcium transients in presynaptic terminals and deficient working memory but did not affect long-term spatial memory. Thus, we propose that mitochondrial calcium deregulation is a novel pathogenic mechanism of cognitive deficiencies in schizophrenia.
Recurrence Metrics for Assessing Eye Movements in Perceptual Experiments

In a recent study evaluating the impact of image content on the consistency of eye movements in perceptual experiments (Farnand, 2013) image complexity was inversely related to scanpath consistency. This work involved a qualitative analysis of eye movements along with analysis of the number and duration of fixations. No quantitative analysis of scan path consistency was performed. Recently, Anderson et al. developed a quantitative tool - Recurrence Quantification Analysis - for analyzing eye movement patterns (Anderson et al., 2013). In the present study, the RQA method was applied to the fixation data of Farnand (2013). The results suggest that RQA analysis provides relevant quantitative information regarding the attentional focus of observers viewing pictorial images and, as such, a potentially powerfully tool for eye-tracking studies.
The role of specialty pharmacy drugs in the management of inflammatory diseases

Purpose Specialty drugs used in patients with inflammatory disease states are reviewed, with a focus on the pharmacist’s roles in facilitating medication procurement and in the clinical management of affected patients. Summary Pharmacists in the ambulatory care and community settings are strategically placed to be actively involved in specialty drug procurement and clinical management of patients with inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. Specialty medications used in the treatment of these diseases include anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), non-TNF DMARDs, and interleukin inhibitors. Pharmacist involvement in drug procurement in this area includes navigating insurance barriers and helping patients address high out-of-pocket costs; clinical management activities can include ensuring appropriate baseline screening and vaccine administration, providing drug-specific patient education, and performing routine follow-up and assessment. Patient education is the single biggest area where pharmacists can have a direct impact on overall clinical management of patients receiving specialty drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. These patients need to be educated about dosing, administration, storage and disposal, common and rare adverse effects, adverse-effect management strategies, expectations of drug effect, and considerations for unique circumstances such as illness and planned surgery. Conclusion Specialty drugs represent one of the fastest-growing sectors of pharmacy spending, with inflammatory disease therapies at the forefront. As pharmacists are accessible healthcare practitioners, their responsibilities should include financial and clinical management of patients with inflammatory diseases who are receiving specialty drugs.
Assessing Ballot Structure and Split Ticket Voting: Evidence from a Quasi-Experiment

Although a growing number of countries have implemented electronic voting, few scholars have considered the unintended consequences of such reforms. We argue that changes in ballot structure imposed by electronic voting, implemented under the exact same electoral rules, can facilitate ballot splitting. Exploiting data from three elections and a novel ballot reform in Salta, Argentina—electronic voting was incrementally introduced over multiple elections—we provide an empirical analysis of how ballot structure influences ballot splitting. We use the Geographic Information System to reconstruct precinct demographics and matching to address threats to random assignment. This empirical strategy allows us to treat our data as a quasi-experiment. We find that precincts casting electronic ballots under an Australian ballot, rather than the ballot-and-envelope system, have significantly higher rates of ballot splitting. Our findings imply that less complicated voting procedures can affect the composition of legis...
Fillet Weight and Fillet Yield: New Metrics for the Management of Panfish and Other Consumption-Oriented Recreational Fisheries

AbstractProposals for regulations to improve panfish size structure often lack angler support, in part because of a perceived loss of panfish harvest. We propose that fillet weight and fillet yield, the percentage of the body weight available as fillets, are useful metrics for exploring regulation options and potential outcomes. We determined fillet weight and fillet yield for 321 Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, 139 Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, and 137 Yellow Perch Perca flavescens and developed equations to predict fillet weight from total length. Mean fillet yield was 29.5% for Bluegills, 28.6% for Black Crappies, and 33.1% for Yellow Perch. We used Bluegill size increases associated with a reduction in daily bag limits from 25 fish to 10 fish in seven Wisconsin lakes and then estimated fillet weights to compare the potential total weight of Bluegill fillets available to anglers under both a 10- and a 25-fish daily bag limit. We projected that many anglers might obtain a greater weight of Bluegil...
Sex-specific differences in the modulation of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) by hyperoxia in vivo and in vitro: Role of Hif-1α

Male premature neonates are more susceptible than females to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The reasons underlying sexually dimorphic outcomes in premature neonates are not known. GDF15 (Growth and differentiation factor 15) is a secreted cytokine and plays a role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. In this study, we sought to elucidate the sex-specific expression of Gdf15 in the lung in vivo in neonatal hyperoxic lung injury and its regulation by Hif-1α, and to delineate the differences in GDF15 expression in male and female human umbilical venous endothelial cells in an in vitro model of oxygen toxicity. Following hyperoxia exposure (95% FiO2, PND (postnatal day 1-5: saccular stage of lung development), neonatal male mice (C57BL/6) show increased GDF15 and decreased HIF-1α expression compared to female mice. For the in vitro experiments, male and female HUVECs were exposed to room air condition (21% O2, 5% CO2) or in hyperoxia condition (95% O2, 5% CO2) for up to 72h. Male HUVECs had greater expression of GDF15 mRNA and protein. To study the inter-relationship between GDF15 and HIF-1α, we measured the expression of GDF15 in H441 cells after HIF-1α knockdown using promoter dual luciferase reporter assay, which showed that HIF-1α and GDF15 expression are inversely related under normoxia and hyperoxia. The results indicate that sex differences exist in the expression and modulation of GDF15 by HIF-1α in neonatal hyperoxic injury both in vivo and in vitro. These differences could explain in part the mechanisms behind sex-specific differences in BPD.
Development of form-wound air-core armature windings for high-frequency electric machines

Advanced high speed permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) have been the subject of recent research for electrified transportation. Specific power of electric machines must increase in order to make hybrid-electric passenger aircraft feasible. Raising operating frequency improves specific power and requires robust windings. This paper will present electrical loss, dielectric, thermal, and mechanical design considerations of the form-wound air-core armature windings for a high-speed PMSM. The winding manufacturing and qualifying processes will be presented along with bench test results.
A Review of Environmental Epidemiology Studies in Southwestern and Mountain West Rural Minority Populations.

This review summarizes the recent epidemiologic literature examining environmental exposures and health outcomes in rural, minority populations in the southwestern and mountain west region of the USA identifying areas requiring further data and research. Recent studies (2012–2017) in this region have primarily focused on arsenic exposure (n = 10 studies) with similar results reported across populations in this region. Associations between arsenic and cadmium were reported for cardiovascular and kidney disease, type II diabetes, cognitive function, hypothyroidism, and increased prevalence and mortality for lung and other cancers. Also, in this review are studies of exposure to particulate matter, environmental tobacco smoke, pesticides and fungicides, heat, and ozone. Although small, the current literature identified in this review reports consistent adverse health outcomes associated with particulate matter, arsenic, cadmium, and other exposures among rural, minority populations in the southwest/mountain west region of the USA. This literature provides important insight into the environmental exposures and health effects experienced by the rural populations in these regions. Additional studies that identify sources of environmental exposure are needed. Greater representation of the rural and minority populations from this region into large health studies also remains a need.
gamma gamma -> gamma gamma as a Test of Weak Scale Quantum Gravity at the NLC

Recently, it has been proposed that the fundamental scale of quantum gravity can be close to the weak scale if there are large extra dimensions. This proposal has important phenomenological implications for processes at the TeV scale. We study the process {gamma}{gamma}{r_arrow}{gamma}{gamma}, assuming an ultraviolet cutoff M{sub S}{approximately}1 TeV for the effective gravity theory. We find that, at the center of mass energies {radical} (s) {approximately}1 TeV, the contribution of gravitationally mediated scattering to the cross section is comparable to that coming from the one-loop Feynman diagrams of the standard model. We thus conclude that the effects of weak scale quantum gravity can be studied at the Next Linear Collider (NLC), in the photon collider mode. Our results suggest that, for typical proposed NLC energies and luminosities, the range 1 TeV{approx_lt}M{sub S}{approx_lt}10 TeV can be probed. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Caffeine in the treatment of apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and infants.

Background The xanthines have been shown to be effective in the treatment of apnea of prematurity. Limited reports are available in the literature concerning the use of these agents with apnea related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Methods A retrospective review was done to identify infants who received caffeine therapy for RSV-associated apnea. The number of apneic episodes during the 2 hours before the use of caffeine and the number of apneic episodes after the administration of caffeine were compared using a Wilcoxon nonparametric test. Results The 7 infants ranged in age from 14 to 64 days and in weight from 2.8 to 4.4 kg. The number of apneic episodes per hour for the 2 to 3 hours before the administration of caffeine ranged from 7 to 12, and the number of episodes during the 3 hours after the administration of the first dose of caffeine ranged from 0 to 2. The apneic episodes after caffeine responded to external stimulation. Apnea recurred in 3 infants, 18 to 24 hours after the first dose of caffeine. These infants received a second dose of caffeine (5 mg/kg). Conclusions Caffeine should be considered in the treatment of apnea related to RSV infections in neonates and infants.
FL/GCSF/AMD3100-mobilized Hematopoietic Stem Cells Induce Mixed Chimerism With Nonmyeloablative Conditioning and Transplantation Tolerance.

Background Mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has become the preferred approach for HSC transplantation. AMD3100, a competitive inhibitor of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4, has been found to be a rapid mobilizing agent. The present study evaluated approaches to optimize the product collected. Methods Mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mPBMCs) from B6 mice were transplanted to recipient BALB/c mice conditioned with ablative or nonmyeloablative approaches. Results The optimal dose of AMD3100 was found to be 5.0 mg/kg. Optimal HSC mobilization was observed when AMD3100 (day 10) was coadministered with Flt3 ligand (FL) (days 1-10) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) (days 4-10). There was a 228.8-fold increase of HSC with FL/GCSF/AMD3100 compared with AMD3100 treatment alone. When unmodified mPBMCs were transplanted into ablated allogeneic recipients, all recipients expired by day 40 from severe acute graft versus host disease (GVHD). When T cells were depleted from mPBMC, long-term survival and engraftment were achieved in majority of the recipients. When PBMC mobilized by FL/GCSF/AMD3100 were transplanted into recipients conditioned nonmyeloablatively with anti-CD154/rapamycin plus 100, 200, and 300 cGy of total body irradiation, 42.9%, 85.7%, and 100% of mice engrafted, respectively. Donor chimerism was durable, multilineage, and stable. Lymphocytes from mixed chimeras showed no response to host or donor antigens, suggesting functional bidirection T-cell tolerance in vitro. Most importantly, none of the engrafted mice exhibited clinical features of GVHD. Conclusions FL/GCSF/AMD3100 is an efficient treatment to maximally mobilize HSC. Durable engraftment and donor-specific tolerance can be achieved with mPBMC in nonmyeloablative conditioning without GVHD.
Postoperative opioid-prescribing practices in otolaryngology: A multiphasic study.

Objectives In otolaryngology, postoperative pain management lacks evidence-based guidelines. We designed a prospective, multiphasic study aimed to develop evidence-based guidelines for postoperative pain management within our institution. In this first phase of our project, we investigated opioid prescription and consumption as well as pain trends for common otolaryngologic procedures. Methods Patients (n = 161) who underwent procedures between July 2018 and February 2019 were surveyed on their postoperative opioid usage and pain from day of discharge to first clinic visit. Opioid prescriptions were converted to standardized units of morphine milligram equivalents (MME). The procedures selected for analysis were parathyroidectomy/thyroidectomy, parotidectomy, sialendoscopy, and transoral robotic surgery resection (TORS). Results In total, 19,748 MME were prescribed: 8,588 MME (43.5%) were used, leaving 11,159 MME (56.5%) unused. TORS average MME used: 221 ± 227; total MME unused: 38%. Sialendoscopy average MME used: 31 ± 46; total MME unused: 67%. Parathyroidectomy/thyroidectomy average MME used: 30 ± 37; total MME unused: 66%. Parotidectomy average MME used: 43 ± 53; total MME unused: 65%. Male gender, smoking (current and former), and psychiatric medication use were positive predictors of opioid consumption in postoperative patients (P Conclusion At our institution, over 50% of prescribed postoperative opioids went unused. This was most pronounced for nonmucosal surgeries. Postoperative pain management should account for this to minimize unnecessary opioid prescriptions. Based on our findings and review of current literature, we are in the process of developing prescribing recommendations to be implemented within our institution. Level of evidence 2 Laryngoscope, 130:659-665, 2020.
Hb Gibbon [β124(H2)Pro→Thr (HBB: c.373C>A, p.P125T)], an Asymptomatic Novel Hemoglobin Variant Detected by Newborn Screening.

We describe here a previously unreported hemoglobin (Hb) variant, Hb Gibbon [β124(H2)Pro→Thr (HBB: c.373C>A, p.P125T)] detected by newborn Hb screening in a term male with no family history for hem...
A GENERALIZATION OF THE PROBLEM OF LURIE TO FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS

This chapter presents a generalization of the problem of Lurie to functional equations. In the problem of Lurie x ˙ = Ax + bφ (σ), σ = c′x − pφ(σ) where A is a n × n matrix; x, b, c are n-vectors; and σ,φ,ρ are scalars, it can be assumed that the trivial solution of the plant equation x ˙ = Ax is exponentially stable. This ensures the existence of a Liapunov function, which is then used to study the stability of the trivial solution of the controlled system. If plant equations of a more general type are considered, say nonlinear functional equations, under the condition that the trivial solution is exponentially stable, then inverse theorems can be used, ensuring the existence of Liapunov functionals, for the plant equation to obtain conditions for the absolute stability of the feedback system.
Is level of intuitive eating associated with plate size effects

Abstract Objective Intuitive eating is an eating approach that emphasizes increased focus on internal hunger and fullness cues to regulate eating behavior; thus, successful intuitive eating should curb the influence of environmental factors such as plate and portion size on consumption. The current study examined whether self-reported levels of intuitive eating moderated the influence of portion size on college students' food consumption during an afternoon meal of pasta and tomato sauce. Method Participants (N = 137, 63.5% female) were randomly assigned to either a large plate (12-inch) or small plate (8-inch) external cue condition. All participants fasted for four daytime hours, completed the Intuitive Eating Scale, and then were asked to rate a meal of pasta and tomato sauce on different dimensions of taste. Participants were told that they could eat as much pasta as they would like. Results Higher levels of intuitive eating were associated with greater food consumption. At the mean level of intuitive eating, participants ate more pasta in the large plate condition. Furthermore, the influence of plate size on food consumption increased as levels of intuitive eating increased. Discussion Individuals who report high levels of intuitive eating may be more likely to eat an objectively larger amount of food in a permissive food environment, and may have implications for eating approaches that promote eating in response to internal hunger and fullness cues.
Uncrowned Queen: The Life of Margaret Beaufort, Mother of the Tudors: Tallis, Nicola, New York: Basic Books, 391 pp., $32.00, ISBN 978-1-5416-1787-2, Publication Date: June 2000

By all accounts, Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby and mother of Henry Tudor (later Henry VII), had an eventful life, with many twists and turns during the tumultuous Wars of t...
Listening for horses.

Right before graduating college, I began experiencing ascending paresthesias in the distal extremities after recovering from a cold. My medical student friend thought it seemed consistent with Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), so I went to a clinic. They seemed especially interested in the fact that I was stressed over not being accepted to medical school. They said to go to the emergency department (ED) if it got worse. It did. In the ED I was diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder from my stress over medical school. After following up with the clinic for a benzodiazepine prescription, I went home questioning my sanity. Was I even mentally stable enough to pursue medicine if my stress was causing me to go paralyzed?
Visual Representations on High School Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, and Physics Assessments

The pervasive use of visual representations in textbooks, curricula, and assessments underscores their importance in K-12 science education. For example, visual representations figure prominently in the recent publication of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS Lead States in Next generation science standards: for states, by states. Achieve, Inc. on behalf of the twenty-six states and partners that collaborated on the NGSS, 2013). Although assessments of the NGSS have yet to be developed, most students are currently evaluated on their ability to interpret science visuals. While numerous studies exist on particular visuals, it is unclear whether the same types of visuals are emphasized in all science disciplines. The present study is an evaluation of the similarities and differences of visuals used to assess students’ knowledge of chemistry, earth science, living environment (biology), and physics on the New York State Regents examination. Analysis of 266 distinct visual representations categorized across the four content examinations reveals that the frequency and type of visuals vary greatly between disciplines. Diagrams, Graphs, Tables, and Maps are the most prevalent across all science disciplines. Maps, Cartograms, and Time Charts are unique to the Earth Science examination, and Network Diagrams are unique to the living environment (biology) examination. This study identifies which representations are most critical for training students across the science disciplines in anticipation of the implementation and eventual assessment of the NGSS.
The concepts and methods of federal civil procedure

Like most civil procedure books, Concepts and Methods of Federal Civil Procedure is modeled on the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Concepts and Methods of Federal Civil Procedure, however, explains the special constitutional scope of federal judicial power and details the constraints on any court’s jurisdiction over defending parties before describing the application of various Rules. David Dittfurth stresses the interplay of procedural and substantive law, discussing procedural rules in a substantive context in order to make sense of the material. Easily accessible to individuals with no background in procedure, Concepts and Methods of Federal Civil Procedure introduces law students to the complexities of federal jurisdiction and procedure by including summaries as hypothetical problems designed to demonstrate the uses of the book’s rules and case decisions.
Regulation of Membrane Functions

DR. L. GLASER: For many years scientists have been interested in the investigation of specific cell adhesion, namely the ability of cells to specifically recognize the presence of other cells and most developmental embryologists believe that such recognition is one of the factors involved in the generation of an orderly arrangement of cells during development (Frazier and Glaser, 1979; Glaser, 1980). Cells contain on their surface a number of ligands which allow these cells to bind to molecules present on the surface of adjacent cells. For example, a number of cells have been shown to contain carbohydrate binding proteins (lectins) which will allow the cell to bind to any other cell which expresses these specific carbohydrates on the cell surface. These cells could also bind to any solid matrix synthesized in the laboratory which contains such ligandson its surface (Schnarr et al., 1978).
Case Study of a Marine Discharge: Comparison of Effluent and Receiving Water Toxicity

An on-site investigation was conducted in northeast Florida to evaluate the toxicity ofa pulp and paper mill discharge and to determine whether there was any receiving water toxicity associated with that discharge. The species tested included the macroalga Champia parvula, the mysid Mysidopsis bahia, and two fish species, Cyprinodon variegatus and Menidia beryllina. All methods evaluated the critical, sensitive life stages and estimated chronic toxicity. Test results indicated that effluent effect concentrations were approximately 1% for the two most sensitive species (mysids and the macroalga) and 32% for the least sensitive (C. variegatus). Receiving waters adjacent to the discharge were sampled and tested daily over a seven-day period. Water samples collected at stations closest to the discharge were toxic to the macroalga, and the effect concentrations (estimated by a previous dye study) were consistent with those determined in the effluent tests. In addition, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Duluth Laboratory conducted on-site chemical fractionation studies using the freshwater crustacean, Ceriodaphnia reticulata. Results of these studies indicated that unionized ammonia was the primary toxic component of the effluent. Data in this case study, from the suite of methods developed (or modified) at EPA's Narragansett Laboratory, appear suitable for the derivation of toxicity-based National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits for the marine environment.
Performance of Aluminum Automotive Radiators

This paper discusses the field performance of flux brazed aluminum automobile radiators removed from cars after service periods as long as ten years. The data, representing service experience dating back to the early 1950's, show aluminum to be a viable material of construction. With attention to design, adequate flux removal treatments and routine maintenance of coolants extended satisfactory service can be expected.
A low-blank photochemical extraction system for concentration and isotopic analyses of marine dissolved organic carbon

Author(s): Beaupre, SR; Druffel, ERM; Griffin, S | Abstract: We report the development of a modified, low blank, ultraviolet oxidation and vacuum line system to convert marine dissolved organic carbon into carbon dioxide for concentration, Δ14C, and δ13C analyses. The system performs quantitatively and precisely with preservation of isotopic signatures (± 3%o) based on additions of pure International Atomic Energy Agency standards. Analytical blank reduction from l 1.5 μM to 0.2 μM enabled a decreased detection limit from a sample size of ∼650 mL to 30 mL using a simple dilution technique. Combined with advances in analyses of ultra-small (2 μgC) samples using accelerator mass spectrometry, the technique provides a means for measuring Δ14C values in samples that were previously not analyzable. © 2007, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc.