cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Profit-Maximized Collaborative Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation in Distributed Cloud and Edge Computing Systems

Edge computing is a new architecture to provide computing, storage, and networking resources for achieving the Internet of Things. It brings computation to the network edge in close proximity to users. However, nodes in the edge have limited energy and resources. Completely running tasks in the edge may cause poor performance. Cloud data centers (CDCs) have rich resources for executing tasks, but they are located in places far away from users. CDCs lead to long transmission delays and large financial costs for utilizing resources. Therefore, it is essential to smartly offload users’ tasks between a CDC layer and an edge computing layer. This work proposes a cloud and edge computing system, which has a terminal layer, edge computing layer, and CDC layer. Based on it, this work designs a profit-maximized collaborative computation offloading and resource allocation algorithm to maximize the profit of systems and guarantee that response time limits of tasks are strictly met. In each time slot, this work jointly considers CPU, memory, and bandwidth resources, load balance of all heterogeneous nodes in the edge layer, maximum amount of energy, maximum number of servers, and task queue stability in the CDC layer. Considering the abovementioned factors, a single-objective constrained optimization problem is formulated and solved by a proposed simulated-annealing-based migrating birds optimization procedure to obtain a close-to-optimal solution. The proposed method achieves joint optimization of computation offloading between CDC and edge, and resource allocation in CDC. Realistic data-based simulation results demonstrate that it realizes higher profit than its peers. Note to Practitioners —This work considers the joint optimization of computation offloading between Cloud data center (CDC) and edge computing layers, and resource allocation in CDC. It is important to maximize the profit of distributed cloud and edge computing systems by optimally scheduling all tasks between them given user-specific response time limits of tasks. It is challenging to execute them in nodes in the edge computing layer because their computation resources and battery capacities are often constrained and heterogeneous. Current offloading methods fail to jointly optimize computation offloading and resource allocation for nodes in the edge and servers in CDC. They are insufficient and coarse-grained to schedule arriving tasks. In this work, a novel algorithm is proposed to maximize the profit of distributed cloud and edge computing systems while meeting response time limits of tasks. It explicitly specifies the task service rate and the selected node for each task in each time slot by considering resource limits, load balance requirement, and processing capacities of nodes in the edge, and server and energy constraints in CDC. Real-life data-driven simulations show that the proposed method realizes a larger profit than several typical offloading strategies. It can be readily implemented and incorporated into large-scale industrial computing systems.
Rapid detection of color-treated pearls and separation of pearl types using fluorescence analysis

Artificial color treatment techniques have been applied to pearls of less appealing colors to improve their appearances and to increase their commercial values. In addition, separation of various types of pearls could be challenging due to similar characteristics among several closely related mollusk species. Currently gemological laboratories use various spectroscopic and imaging techniques in tandem, including x-ray imaging, microscopic observation, ultra-violet to visible reflectance spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy for various identification purposes. Due to the complexity of the protocol, there is a strong demand for a fast and simple identification method designed for gemological laboratories or users without advanced equipment or expertise, such as pearl dealers and jewelry manufacturers. We demonstrate a fluorescence detection system for pearl’s color treatment identification and species classification. A photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy was used to select the proper excitation wavelengths. Multiple light emitting diodes were selected as the sources; and spectrometers were used to monitor ultra-violet to visible fluorescence. The system can noninvasively analyze both loose pearls and mounted pearl jewelries under normal office lighting condition. Spectral analysis protocols were used to localize the trace of treatments and classify fluorescence features between different pearl types. The primary purpose of this device is to detect commonly used color treatments. Additionally, it may also classify pearls between the most common types in seconds, as suggested by preliminary study.
9. MOVING FROM, AND BEYOND, INVENTED CATEGORIES: AFTERWORDS

The decentering of narratives is no longer sufficient for bringing the past into sharper focus. As a discipline, we must contend with the continued power imbalance in the production and circulation of histories. It is necessary to give equal valence to histories produced by embracing a range of historical methods, many of which the essays in this forum explore. Doing so expands understandings of what counts as theory in our histories and their obligations in society.
PedsQL Score Post Encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis Procedure for Moyamoya Disease: A Single Center Experience.

Background Moyamoya disease is a progressive, occlusive arteriopathy of the intracranial vessels causing an increased risk of stroke. It often results in functional impairment and decrease in quality of life, both in the presence and absence of stroke. Revascularization is the accepted treatment for patients with symptomatic moyamoya disease, preventing further stroke. At Leeds Children’s Hospital we use the encephalo-duro-arterio-myo-synangiosis (EDAMS) technique to facilitate revascularization. We aim to assess the quality of life outcomes of patients who have undergone operative intervention at our unit for moyamoya disease. Methods Pediatric patients with operated moyamoya disease from Leeds Children Hospital between February 2009 and January 2019 were included. Patients awaiting primary surgery were excluded. Patients were contacted via telephone and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) questionnaire administered via parent proxy. Quality of life outcomes were assessed using the PedsQL questionnaire score, which measures physical, emotional social and school functioning domains. This score was then converted to a health-related quality of life score. Scores in each domain and mean scores were compared with normative data. Results This study included 11 children (5 boys), median age 6.8 years (range: 22 months to 15.5 years), and 9 children underwent bilateral operations. Mean parent proxy PedsQL score was 66 (range: 12.5–98.4), with a mean score of 61.9 in physical function, 88.9 in emotional function, 70.9 in social function, and 58.7 in school function. This was lower than healthy controls overall and in each individual domain except emotional function, which was similar to normative data. Conclusions Children with moyamoya disease have a lower quality of life than healthy controls within this series. This suggests that children with moyamoya should be offered additional psychosocial support within the community.
A comparison of the four healthy days measures (HRQOL-4) with a single measure of self-rated general health in a population-based health survey in New York City

Data on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) can be used to track health disparities, assess the impact of chronic diseases, and predict mortality. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s “Healthy Days Measures” (HRQOL-4) assesses four key domains: self-rated general health, physical health, mental health, and activity limitations. The domains are not easily combined to summarize overall HRQOL, and some evidence suggests that self-rated general health may be an adequate proxy indicator for overall HRQOL. This study compares self-rated general health as a solitary measure of HRQOL with two summary indices of the HRQOL-4 as a predictor of adverse health conditions in a representative sample of adult New York City residents. The 2017 NYC Social Determinants of Health survey implemented by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene collected data from a representative sample of New Yorkers (n = 2335) via phone, mail, and web. We compared the information criteria and predictive power of self-rated general health with two alternative summary indices of the HRQOL-4 in predicting self-reported health conditions (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, non-specific psychological distress, and a summary indicator for at least one those four morbidities). Overall, 19.1% (95% CI: 16.9, 21.5) of respondents reported that they had fair or poor general health. Self-rated general health was significantly associated with days of poor physical health, poor mental health, and activity limitations (p < 0.001 for each). While the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria suggested that the summary indices of the HRQOL-4 produced marginally better models for predicting adverse health conditions, self-rated general health had slightly higher predictive power than did the summary indices in all models of physical health outcomes as measured by Tjur’s pseudo-R2 and the area under the curve. We found very small differences between self-rated general health and the summary indices of the HRQOL-4 in predicting health conditions, suggesting self-rated general health is an appropriate proxy measure of overall HRQOL. Because it can be measured with a single question rather than four, it might be the most simple, efficient, and cost-effective method of summarizing HRQOL in large population-based surveys.
Neo-Fashion: A Data-Driven Fashion Trend Forecasting System using Machine Learning through Catwalk Analysis

Trend forecasting is crucially important and challenging in the fashion industry (Bikhchandani, S., Hirshleifer, D., & Welch,1992),and recently has been an emerging research area in computer vision and machine learning (Vittayakorn et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016; Han et al., 2017). In the fashion world, trend forecasting is defined as the search for a means to predict mood, behavior, and buying habits of the consumer through identifying trends (Halland & Jones, 2017). With the advent of computational approach, it’s possible to translate the creativity and inspiration of practitioners into a data-driven structure, especially for short-term forecasting which is the main focus of this study.
Predicting emergency medical service call demand: A modern spatiotemporal machine learning approach

Abstract The primary goal of emergency medical service (EMS) agencies is to effectively allocate the ambulances and personnel required to provide sufficient geographic coverage of a service area while minimizing response times to high-priority call requests. Given that the demand for ambulances is known to fluctuate spatially and temporally based on the time of day and day of the week, EMS practitioners depend on call volume forecasts to develop staffing and dynamic redeployment plans. In this study, a series of daily, hourly, and spatially distributed hourly call volume predictions are generated using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network model following feature selection using an ensemble-based decision tree model. For spatially distributed predictions, K-Means clustering is applied to produce heterogeneous spatial clusters based on call location and associated call volume densities. The predictive performance of the MLP model is benchmarked against both a selection of traditional time-series forecasting techniques and a common industry method. Results show that MLP models outperform time-series and industry forecasting methods, specifically at finer levels of spatial granularity where the need for more accurate call volumes forecasts is more essential.
Factors Influencing Infusion-Related Reactions Following Dosing of Reference Rituximab and PF-05280586, a Rituximab Biosimilar.

Infusion-related reactions (IRRs) are the most common adverse event (AE) associated with infusion of rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of dosing/infusion patterns and certain baseline characteristics on IRR occurrence during the first rituximab infusion administered as the biosimilar PF-05280586 (RTX-PF) or reference rituximab sourced from the EU (RTX-EU, MabThera®) in patients with CD20+ low-tumor-burden follicular lymphoma. Rituximab (RTX-PF, n=196; RTX-EU, n=198) was administered (375 mg/m2) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 (one cycle), with a follow-up period through 52 weeks. The relationships between infusion rate, drug exposure, and IRR incidence were assessed by logistic regression analysis and pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation. Baseline CD20 level, antidrug antibody (ADA) status, and tumor burden according to IRR occurrence (yes/no) were compared descriptively. Median rituximab infusion duration on day 1 was 3.50 h for each of the two groups. There was a positive correlation between infusion rate and all-grade IRRs occurring within 24 h after infusion (p < 0.0001). Patients who developed IRRs had a higher median baseline CD20+ level. IRR incidence was unaffected by baseline ADA status. Drug exposure did not predict IRR incidence. Baseline tumor burden was similar between patients with and without IRRs. Results of this analysis provide a better understanding of IRRs after the first rituximab (RTX-PF or RTX-EU) infusion and demonstrate a potential correlation of infusion rate and other factors with IRR at the individual and population levels. Infusion-rate escalation steps continue to be needed to manage IRRs. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02213263 (11 August 2014); and EudraCT: 2014-000132-41 (10 October 2014).
Maximum surface settlement based classification of shallow tunnels in soft ground

Abstract Prediction of the maximum surface settlement due to shallow tunnelling in soft grounds is a valuable metrics in ensuring safe operations, particularly in urban areas. Although numerous researches have been devoted to this issue, due to the complexity and a large number of the effective parameters, no comprehensive solution to the problem is available. In this study, a shallow tunnel classification system (STCS), based on maximum settlement, is proposed. The STCS holds on the results of several tunnelling projects around the world. The classifier categorises a tunnel based on geometry, ground, and performance characteristics. A decision tree classification method, after training with 20 cases, was successful to predict the maximum settlement for 14 tunnelling projects. The maximum surface settlement predictions were in the form of assigning a class label to each tunnel. Four tunnel classes were defined as follow: (i) class A (maximum settlement
In situ ion irradiation of zirconium carbide

Abstract Zirconium carbide (ZrC) is a candidate material for use in one of the layers of TRISO coated fuel particles to be used in the Generation IV high-temperature, gas-cooled reactor, and thus it is necessary to study the effects of radiation damage on its structure. The microstructural evolution of ZrCx under irradiation was studied in situ using the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope (IVEM) at Argonne National Laboratory. Samples of nominal stoichiometries ZrC0.8 and ZrC0.9 were irradiated in situ using 1 MeV Kr2+ ions at various irradiation temperatures (T = 20 K–1073 K). In situ experiments made it possible to continuously follow the evolution of the microstructure during irradiation using diffraction contrast imaging. Images and diffraction patterns were systematically recorded at selected dose points. After a threshold dose during irradiations conducted at room temperature and below, black-dot defects were observed which accumulated until saturation. Once created, the defect clusters did not move or get destroyed during irradiation so that at the final dose the low temperature microstructure consisted only of a saturation density of small defect clusters. No long-range migration of the visible defects or dynamic defect creation and elimination were observed during irradiation, but some coarsening of the microstructure with the formation of dislocation loops was observed at higher temperatures. The irradiated microstructure was found to be only weakly dependent on the stoichiometry.
The Challenges and Fruits of Globalization in the Developing World

Harnessing Globalization: The Promotion of Nontraditional Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America. By Roy C. Nelson University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 2009. 280 pp., $65.00 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0-271-03513-0). Since the 1980s, foreign direct investment (FDI) has expanded greatly and is currently the largest source of foreign capital in developing countries. The inward FDI stock of developing countries ($2.3 trillion) rose from about 13% of their GDP in 1980 to nearly a third of their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2002, almost twice the 19% for developed countries (UNCTAD 2003). Despite the recent global economic and financial crisis that has reduced overall FDI flows, developing countries still experienced a surge in foreign capital, increasing their share of global FDI to 43% in 2008 (UNCTAD 2009:17). In Latin America and the Caribbean, FDI inflows increased by 13% to $144 billion in 2008 (UNCTAD 2009:24). An important reason for the growth in FDI is the potential benefits it brings to host nations, including jobs, training, economic diversification, technology transfer, exports, productivity improvements, and economic growth (Markusen and Venables 1999). Given the large expansion in FDI inflows in the developing world, an ample literature has set out to explain the determinants of foreign investment flows. Much of the political economic research uses aggregate or sectoral data that empirically test the effects of regimes type, political institutions, and economic conditions for understanding foreign capital flows (Biglaiser and DeRouen 2006; Busse 2004; Garland and Biglaiser 2009; Jensen 2003, 2006, 2008; Li 2006, 2009; Li and Resnick 2003; Montero 2008; …
Lightweight and Generative Components I: Source-Level Components

Current definitions of "software component" are based on abstract data types -- collections of functions together with local data. This paper addresses two ways in which this definition is inadequate: it fails to allow for lightweight components -- those for which a function call is too ineffcient or semantically inappropriate -- and it fails to allow for generative components -- those in which the component embodies a method of constructing code rather than actual code. We argue that both can be solved by proper use of existing language technologies, by using a higher-order meta-language to compositionally manipulate values of type Code, syntactic fragments of some object language. By defining' a client as a function from a component to Code, components can be defined at a very general level without much notational overhead. In this paper, we illustrate this idea entirely at the source-code level, taking Code to be string. Operating at this level is particularly simple, and is useful when the source code is not proprietary. In a companion paper, we define Code as a set of values containing machine-language code (as well as some additional structure), allowing components to be delivered in binary form.
Multiple output channel high repetition rate femtosecond direct space-to-time pulse shaping in an integrated optic configuration

Direct space-to-time pulse shaping in which there is a direct scaling between spatial mask and output temporal profile is demonstrated in an integrated-optic device. Multiple output channels with identical temporal intensity profiles are demonstrated.
Some physicochemical Relations between thin films and solid surfaces: II. Kinetics of Desorption of Thin Films

Abstract The kinetics of the removal of thin films of pure radioactive tristearin from a stainless steel surface has been followed by means of the decrease in radioactivity. The kinetic data obtained in this system are consistent with the existence of three species of tristearin. Species 0 is cohesively bound to other tristearin molecules and is not influenced by the stainless steel surface. Species 1 and species 2 tristearin interact with the surface and are removed simultaneously by first-order processes behaving independently of each other. The rate constants for the removal of the two interacting species are given under various experimental conditions.
Field-induced non-Fermi-liquid behavior in Ce 2 IrIn 8

In zero field, ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrIn}}_{8}$ obeys Landau's Fermi-liquid model, with a constant $C/T$ of about 700 mJ/Ce mol ${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$ below 0.7 K and a susceptibility that is constant to \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4% below 4 K. In applied magnetic field, however, ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrIn}}_{8}$ shows definite non-Fermi-liquid (nFl) behavior at \ensuremath{\sim}13 T, with $C/T\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{ln}T$ between 0.3 and 6 K, $\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{ln}T,$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}={\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}{+AT}^{1}.$ At fields of 17 T and higher there is a strong divergent upturn in $C/T$ below 0.7 K that is approximately field independent and the susceptibility becomes again constant (Fermi-liquid like) below 6 K and decreases in magnitude at low temperature compared to \ensuremath{\chi} (13 T). These results imply that a quantum critical point may exist in ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrIn}}_{8}$ at \ensuremath{\sim}13 T. The magnetization at low temperature as a function of field of ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrIn}}_{8}$ between 0.1 and 30 T shows no sign of an increase, or jump, near 13 T, but rather a change from $M\ensuremath{\sim}H$ at lower fields to a more saturated behavior above 13 T. Thus, unlike previous field-induced nFl behavior, where the magnetic interactions responsible for the nFl behavior either came (i) at the field, ${H}_{\mathrm{metamag}},$ where the magnetization showed a step at a metamagnetic transition (e.g., in ${\mathrm{UPt}}_{3}$ or in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}),$ or (ii) at the field where ${T}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{\'e}\mathrm{el}}$ in an antiferromagnet was suppressed to $T=0$ by the field (e.g., in ${\mathrm{CeCu}}_{6\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Ag}}_{x}),$ the present measurements point to a different kind of behavior. Thus the nFl behavior in ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrIn}}_{8}$ may be describable as due to quantum criticality at the point in the phase diagram where field induces magnetism. Comparisons to other nFl systems, both field-induced and those which display an anomalous upturn in $C/T$ at low temperatures, are made.
A Novel Collagen Matricryptin Reduces Left Ventricular Dilation Post-Myocardial Infarction by Promoting Scar Formation and Angiogenesis.

Abstract Background Proteolytically released extracellular matrix (ECM) fragments, matricryptins, are biologically active and play important roles in wound healing. Following myocardial infarction (MI), collagen I, a major component of cardiac ECM, is cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Objectives This study identified novel collagen-derived matricryptins generated post-MI that mediate remodeling of the left ventricle (LV). Methods Recombinant collagen Ia1 was used in MMPs cleavage assays, the products were analyzed by mass spectrometry for identification of cleavage sites. C57BL6/J mice were given MI and animals were treated either with vehicle control or p1158/59 matricryptin. Seven days post-MI, LV function and parameters of LV remodeling were measured. Levels of p1158/59 were also measured in plasma of MI patients and healthy controls. Results In situ, MMP-2 and -9 generate a collagen Iα1 C-1158/59 fragment, and MMP-9 can further degrade it. The C-1158/59 fragment was identified post-MI, both in human plasma and mouse LV, at levels that inversely correlated to MMP-9 levels. We synthesized a peptide beginning at the cleavage site (p1158/59, amino acids 1159 to 1173) to investigate its biological functions. In vitro, p1158/59 stimulated fibroblast wound healing and robustly promoted angiogenesis. In vivo, early post-MI treatment with p1158/59 reduced LV dilation at day 7 post-MI by preserving LV structure (p Conclusions Collagen Iα1 matricryptin p1158/59 facilitates LV remodeling post-MI by regulating scar formation through targeted ECM generation and stimulation of angiogenesis.
Lymph node tumor volumes in patients undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy for cutaneous melanoma.

Background: Regional lymph node tumor volumes in patients undergoing sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy (SNB) for treatment of cutaneous melanoma have not been described. The objectives of this study were to describe the lymph node tumor volumes typically seen in this population and to correlate tumor volumes with tumor thickness and positive SN characteristics.
Genotypic influences on striatal dopaminergic regulation in mice

Summary Genotypic influences on dopaminergic-induced behaviors and striatal dopaminergic receptors were evaluated in CBA/J, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ male mice. CBA/J mice were less behaviorally sensitive to apomorphine (stereotypic behavior), but more sensitive to haloperidol (catalepsy) than C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice. Striatal dopaminergic receptors, assayed by binding of [ 3 H]spiroperidol (antagonist) and [ 3 H]ADTN (agonist), were 50% fewer in CBA/J compared to BALB/cJ mice; C57BL/6J mice had low to intermediate numbers of receptors. Striatal dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations were similar in all strains. However, a 20% higher DOPAC/dopamine ratio in CBA/J mice suggests greater dopamine turnover. Median eminence dopamine was similar in all strains, but norepinephrine was 30% higher in BALB/cJ mice. CBA/J mice failed to show antagonist-induced supersensitivity-type responses to chronic haloperidol treatment: enhanced stereotypic response to apomorphine and a 30% increase of dopaminergic receptors occurred in C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice, but not in CBA/J mice. These data suggest that CBA/J mice either cannot respond to chronic haloperidol treatment or have an elevated threshold for induction of supersensitivity response. Chronic treatment with the dopamine agonist bromocriptine (7d) depressed apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior in C57BL/6J mice and eliminated stereotypy in BALB/cJ mice, but caused no change in stereotypic behavior in CBA/J mice. Dopaminergic receptors were 15% lower after bromocriptine treatment in all strains. These results suggest that some striatal dopaminergic functions are impaired in CBA/J mice relative to BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice. The impaired haloperidol-induced supersensitivity responses in the CBA/J mouse may be a useful model for analyzing similar impairments of supersensitivity responses in old rodents.
Living without Freedom Cosmopolitanism at Home and the Rule of Law

For Kant and many modern cosmopolitans, establishing the rule of law provides the chief mechanism for achieving a just global order. Yet, as Hart and Rawls have argued, the rule of law, as it is co...
CONTROL OF TRITIUM HEALTH HAZARDS AT THE SAVANNAH RIVER PLANT

Abstract The control of hazards resulting from tritium production at the Savannah River Plant are described. Controls in use include radiological engineering techniques followed by training of operating personnel, use of protective clothing, control of surface and air contamination, bioassay, and environmental monitoring. Details indicating the effectiveness of these control measures are given.
Evolutionary behavior of induced discontinuities behind one dimensional shock waves in non-linear elastic materials

The governing differential equation of induced discontinuities behind one dimensinal shock waves in non-linear elastic materials has been derived. This equation depends, in particular, on the shock amplitude itself. Therefore, its solution depends on the solution of the governing equation of the shock amplitudes which, in turn, depend on the induced discontinuities. It is shown in the special case pertaining to a first-order approximation that there exists a critical shock amplitude Sc such that the evolutionary behavior of the induced discontinuities depends on the relative magnitudes of the shock amplitudes and Sc. However, in the special case pertaining to a second-order approximation the evolutionary behavior of the induced discontinuities is monotone.
The X-ray spectrum following 163Ho M electron capture☆

Abstract The low Q -value for electron capture makes 163 Ho particularly attractive for observing effects of a non-zero neutrino mass. We report the spectrum of X-rays following M-capture and describe its relevance to neutrino mass experiments. The measured spectrum is consistent with M 1 electron capture. The first observation of M 1 lines sets a lower limit on the Q -value of 2.1 keV.
Automation of residential load in power distribution systems with focus on demand response

This paper examines the automation of residential loads for participation in demand response (DR) within electric power distribution networks. The authors present a simple yet effective automation solution. It is custom hardware designed to observe the environment of as well as power utilisation within a residence, analyse the optimality of its load configuration, and physically activate or deactivate devices to achieve user-defined objectives. Their prototype is constructed with commercially available technologies such as the digital microconrtoller, radio frequency wireless transceiver and solid-state relay. It provides the utility customer an opportunity to reap the financial benefits associated with DR by allowing an independent system operator, or similar body, to exercise limited control over home appliances, heating and cooling units, as well as personal electronics. In this work, the authors emphasise the importance of solution effectiveness, as well as simplicity. The study focuses on research related to load automation and DR, not development of a commercial product.
Gene expression on acute myocardial stress. Induction by hypoxia, ischemia, reperfusion, hyperthermia and oxidative stress

It is apparent from the above discussion that acute stress, such as ischemia and reperfusion, hypoxia and reoxygenation, hyperthermia and oxidative stress, can rapidly potentiate the induction of genes for certain members of the HSP families and for antioxidants/antioxidant enzymes. Whether the stress response and induction of these genes have a direct role in myocardial protection is not known, but the induction of the expression of these genes are mostly associated with the preservation of myocardial cells from subsequent injury resulting from ischemia, hypoxia and reperfusion. The ubiquitous presence of some of these stress genes, such as for HSP 70 and catalase, in normal unstressed myocardium further suggests a role of these genes in many basic and essential biochemical and metabolic pathways. It is reasonable to speculate that the cells respond to the stress as a consequence of perturbations of one or more of the metabolic pathways by stimulating the induction of the stress genes of that particular pathway in which they participate. Thus, these genes are likely to be involved both in the protection and recovery/repair mechanisms. The precise mechanism by which myocardial cell recognizes and responds to a particular stress agent such as ischemia, hypoxia, hyperthermia or oxidative stress is not clear. While it is tempting to speculate that a generalized mechanism exists, applying to all different modes of stress response and gene induction, whether these agents induce the response via independent pathways or converge within a single point is entirely unclear. However, from the striking resemblance between the pattern of gene expression, especially with regard to HSP and antioxidant genes, it is reasonable to hypothesize the existence of a common and essential pathway of molecular signaling that leads to the expression of these stress genes (Fig. 2). The identification and characterization of the transcription factors that regulate the expression of the genes induced by these forms of stress should greatly facilitate our future understanding of the mechanism of stress response.
A Co-Evolutionary Model for Supporting the Emergence of Authenticity.

The purpose of this study was to share our experiences using emerging technologies to create an authentic learning context where preservice teachers at a university and practicing K-12 teachers collaborate in the conduct of real-world (as opposed to “textbook”) tasks. In this paper, we demonstrate and evaluate the design of professional development that involved a partnership between two universities and eight surrounding K-12 schools. This partnership provides the foundation for supporting a learning community of preservice and practicing teachers that situates in collaborative practices that are both authentic and valuable to all involved. Specifically, we studied how issues of ownership, power, authenticity, and collaboration contribute to students' successes and the success of the program through four case studies. We also explored how asynchronous conferencing tools might be used to facilitate communication across geographic and chronological boundaries, breaking down traditional barriers to distributed communities of practice and making possible the creation of a co-evolutionary model for supporting the emergence of a context that was authentic to both preservice and in-service teachers. In contrast to claims that suggest authenticity for an individual can be prescribed to a learner by the instructor, we deny the legitimacy of preauthentication. Instead, an assumption underlying this research is that authenticity is an emergent process that is actualized through individuals' participation in tasks and practices of value to themselves and to a community of practice. The co-evolutionary model for supporting the emergence of authenticity described in this study provides a means of overcoming some of the challenges associated with simulation and participation models for establishing authentic learning experiences.
Role of conventional chest radiography in diagnosis and exclusion of emphysema

Although recognizing that the subject is controversial, most authors of textbooks about diagnostic radiology conclude that chest radiography is of little value for either confirmation or exclusion of the diagnosis of emphysema. Yet several reports in the literature show a high degree of accuracy in the interpretation of films for presence of this disease. Some of the controversy results from continuing confusion over the current definition of emphysema in terms of lung structure rather than symptoms or physiologic evidence relating to impaired ventilation. Many autopsy studies have shown that emphysema is often present at postmortem examination and can involve as much as 30 percent of the lung tissue, even in subjects with no respiratory symptoms or impairment during life. Since radiographs deal with structure rather than function, interpreters of chest films should have the intention to recognize the presence of structural emphysema. The correct recognition of emphysema is useful even in a patient without symptoms, and the ability to exclude this diagnosis in symptomatic patients is of equal, if not greater value. The degree of success reported in various studies depends upon the criteria used and the strictness applied by the authors in matching their interpretations to the presence or absence of structural emphysema. This review of existing literature deals solely with papers in which radiographic observations have been related to morphologic evidence of emphysema in inflation-fixed autopsy lung specimens. It identifies reasons for discrepancies among reports and emphasizes the very high predictive value of validated radiographic criteria. Applications of radiographic interpretation both for diagnosis and for exclusion of emphysema in clinical situations are described.
Pulsed energy conversion with a dc superconducting magnet

Abstract A generator system for pulsed power is described which employs a dc superconducting magnet in a magnetic flux compression scheme. Experience with a small-scale generator together with projections of numerical models indicate potential applications to fusion research and commercial power generation. When the system is large enough pulse energy can exceed that stored in the magnet and pulse rise time can range from several microseconds to tens of milliseconds.
WPI iCREATE: Graduate Training in Innovative Translation

Traditional doctoral degree programs in engineering are generally good at teaching “Linear Thinking,” that is the ability to apply existing knowledge to achieve important, but predictable, outcomes (as defined by Stauffer (2005)). However, with few exceptions, the US engineering educational system falls short in enabling the vital attributes of innovation: adaptability, inventiveness, and the confidence to propose new paradigms.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Penn State Imaging X-Ray Spectrometer

The design and performance of a CCD X-ray camera developed at Penn State are described. The camera uses a frame-store CCD as the detector element. A laboratory version using a PC-based CCD controller and data-acquisition system and a thermoelectric cooler is being used for laboratory testing. This camera has been used to measure read noise of less than 1.5 e(-) with the serial clocks running backwards to suppress dark current. The energy resolution at 5.9 keV with the CCD running in its normal configuration is 120 eV. A flight version of this camera is being built to make spectrally resolved images of the Pup A SNR.
Coprescription of Tamoxifen and Medications That Inhibit CYP2D6

Evidence has emerged that the clinical benefit of tamoxifen is related to the functional status of the hepatic metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). CYP2D6 is the key enzyme responsible for the generation of the potent tamoxifen metabolite, endoxifen. Multiple studies have examined the relationship of CYP2D6 status to breast cancer outcomes in tamoxifen-treated women; the majority of studies demonstrated that women with impaired CYP2D6 metabolism have lower endoxifen concentrations and a greater risk of breast cancer recurrence. As a result, practitioners must be aware that some of the most commonly prescribed medications coadministered with tamoxifen interfere with CYP2D6 function, thereby reducing endoxifen concentrations and potentially increasing the risk of breast cancer recurrence. After reviewing the published data regarding tamoxifen metabolism and the evidence relating CYP2D6 status to breast cancer outcomes in tamoxifen-treated patients, we are providing a guide for the use of medications that inhibit CYP2D6 in patients administered tamoxifen.
Jet–Environment Interactions as Diagnostics of Jet Physics

In this chapter, we will explore the interaction of jets with their environments. Jets can transport a sizable fraction of accretion energy away from black holes and neutron stars. Because they are collimated, they can travel to distances far beyond the gravitational sphere of influence of the black hole. Yet, their interaction with the interstellar and intergalactic medium must eventually halt their advance and dissipate the energy they carry. The termination of the jet, and the inflation of large scale cavities of relativistic plasma offers one of the most powerful ways to constrain the physics of jets. In this chapter, we will review the inflation of radio lobes, the propagation of hot spots, the creation of shells and cavities, and the bending of jet by proper motion through their environment, both in the context of AGN jets and microquasars.
Multi-attribute mate choice decisions and uncertainty in the decision process: a generalized sequential search strategy

The behavior of females in search of a mate determines the likelihood that high quality males are encountered and adaptive search strategies rely on the effective use of available information on the quality of prospective mates. The sequential search strategy was formulated, like most models of search behavior, on the assumption that females obtain perfect information on the quality of encountered males. In this paper, we modify the strategy to allow for uncertainty of male quality and we determine how the magnitude of this uncertainty and the ability of females to inspect multiple male attributes to reduce uncertainty influence mate choice decisions. In general, searchers are sensitive to search costs and higher costs lower acceptance criteria under all versions of the model. The choosiness of searchers increases with the variability of the quality of prospective mates under conditions of the original model, but under conditions of uncertainty the choosiness of searchers may increase or decrease with the variability of inspected male attributes. The behavioral response depends on the functional relationship between observed male attributes and the fitness return to searchers and on costs associated with the search process. Higher uncertainty often induces searchers to pay more for information and under conditions of uncertainty the fitness return to searchers is never higher than under conditions of the original model. Further studies of the performance of alternative search strategies under conditions of uncertainty may consequently be necessary to identify search strategies likely to be used under natural conditions.
The Puck Stops here: a brief report on National Hockey League fans' reactions to the 2004-2005 lockout

A great loss for sport fans was the cancellation of the National Hockey League (NHL) 2004-2005 season because of a lockout. We examined the coping strategies of 62 NHL fans who completed the Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS), identified coping strategies and responded to items assessing positive and negative effects of the lockout. Highly identified fans in the sample, more so than low identified fans, experienced greater emotional reactions to the lockout and required more coping strategies to successfully deal with the lockout. Both high and low identified fans in the sample reported their coping strategies were successful. Highly identified fans in the sample reported coping by using other hockey-related activities more than low identified fans. There were no differences in the reported success of the hockey-related versus the non-hockey related coping strategies. If the results are applicable, sport marketers can utilise these concepts in their promotional campaigns, especially when league interruptions are a possibility in today's professional sport landscape.
Limonene reductase system in the orange

Abstract (+)-Limonene was reduced to Δ 1 p -menthene by an extract from neutralized orange juice vesicles with either NADPH or NADH. This limonene reductase system was partially purified from the soluble fraction of the extract. Activity was specific for the (+)-form; (−)-limonene was inactive. The enzyme system reduced Δ 8(9) p -menthene more rapidly than (+)-limonene.
Real exchange rate volatility and exchange rate regimes: Evidence from long-term data

Abstract Using over one hundred years of historical data for the UK, Canadian, Japanese, and French-US real exchange rates, we find that real exchange rate volatility is greater for flexible exchange rate periods than for fixed-rate periods.
Algal bioaccumulation of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyl-triclosan in a North Texas wastewater treatment plant receiving stream

Algae comprise the greatest abundance of plant biomass in aquatic environments and are a logical choice for aquatic toxicological studies, yet have been underutilized in this capacity. The lipid content of many algal species provides a point of entry for trophic transfer of lipophilic organic contaminants. Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC), widely used antimicrobial agents found in numerous consumer products, are incompletely removed by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processing. Methyl-triclosan (M-TCS) is a metabolite of TCS more lipophilic than the parent compound. The focus of this study was to quantify algal bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for TCS, M-TCS, and TCC in Pecan Creek, the receiving stream for the City of Denton, Texas WWTP. The complex algal compartment was field identified for collection and verified by laboratory microscopic description as being comprised of mostly filamentous algae (Cladophora spp.) and varying inconsequential levels of epiphytic diatoms and biofilm. Algae and water column samples were collected from the WWTP outfall, an upstream site, and two downstream sites and analysed by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for TCS and M-TCS and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for TCC. TCS, M-TCS, and TCC in Pecan Creek water samples taken at and downstream from the WWTP were at low ppt concentrations of 50-200 ng l(-1) and were elevated to low ppb concentrations of 50-400 ng g(-1) fresh weight in algae collected from these stations. The resulting BAFs were approximately three orders of magnitude. TCS, M-TCS and TCC appear to be good candidate marker compounds for evaluation of environmental distribution of trace WWTP contaminants. Residue analysis of filamentous algal species typically occurring in receiving streams below WWTP discharges is a readily obtained indicator of the relative bioaccumulative potential of these trace contaminants.
A NOTE ON THE INDETERMINACY OF MARKET EQUILIBRIA FOLLOWING SIMULTANEOUS CHANGES IN DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Simultaneous changes in demand and supply produce indeterminate results on equilibrium price or quantity. This paper provides a rigorous analysis of the factors responsible for indeterminacy and applies these findings to problems of tax and subsidy incidence and situations involving simultaneous shifts in money and goods markets in the IS‐LM model.
Interaction of leucine enkephalin with (3H)naloxone binding in rat brain: evidence for an opioid receptor complex.

We recently presented evidence that distinct morphine and enkephalin receptors coexist in an opioid receptor complex (Mol. Pharmacol. 21:548–557, 1982). In this paper, we present data which demonstrate that in the presence of sodium leucine enkephalin noncompetitively inhibits the binding of [3H]naloxone to a crude particulate fraction of rat brain. Since the binding site labeled by [3H]naloxone in the presence of sodium may be an alternate conformation of the morphine receptor, these data provide further evidence that morphine and enkephalin receptors are allosterically coupled.