cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of heat transfer augmentation in a two-pass channel featuring V-shaped ribs and cylindrical dimples

Abstract Higher turbine inlet temperature requirements in modern gas turbine airfoils necessitate the development of high performance internal cooling designs for increasing turbine durability and performance. The internal cooling passages of turbine airfoils feature ribs which promote turbulent mixing, increase in near wall shear and hence lead to heat transfer augmentation. One other method of increasing heat transfer enhancement is by adding depressions (commonly called “dimples”) on the walls of internal cooling passages. Earlier studies have investigated different shapes of rib turbulators and dimples, however, the limitations in manufacturability of dimple in actual turbine airfoils has been a concern in the past. Recent advancements in the field of additive manufacturing, e.g. Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), opens endless possibilities for the development of novel cooling features which can be incorporated in actual engines. The present study investigates the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of a two-pass channel (AR = 1) featuring ribs-alone, dimples-alone and combination of ribs and dimples. The ribs are V-shaped with rib-height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio of 0.125 and rib-pitch-to-rib height ratio of 16. Dimples are cylindrical in shape and have a depth-to-print diameter ratio of 0.3. The heat transfer coefficient was measured using transient Liquid Crystal Thermography and detailed Nusselt numbers have been reported and analyzed. Also, static pressure measurements were carried out at several locations to determine the total pressure drop across the two pass channel and the local variation of pressure coefficient. The experiments were carried out for a wide range of Reynolds number (19,500–69,000) to cover the full spectrum typically found in both land-based and air-breathing engines. It has been observed that the combination of ribs and dimples resulted in higher heat transfer augmentation as well as higher thermal hydraulic performance when compared with ribs alone and dimples alone configurations for the range of Reynolds number studied.
Lucía Orsanic, La mujer-serpiente en los libros de caballerías castellanos. Forma y arquetipo de lo monstruoso femenino, Madrid, La Ergástula, 2014, 174 pp.

Lucia Orsanic, La mujer-serpiente en los libros de caballeriascastellanos. Forma y arquetipo de lo monstruoso femenino,Madrid, La Ergastula, 2014, 174 pp.
A Chip Set for Adaptive Filters

The application of self-timed design to high performance digital signal processing systems is one promising approach to alleviating the difficulty of global clock synchronization. To demonstrate this approach for a typical signal processing task, the system architecture and circuit design of a chip set for implementing high rate adaptive lattice filters is described. The first part of this chapter discusses the performance considerations involved in the design of self-timed circuits through an actual IC implementation of such a chip set [1]. The second part of this chapter demonstrates the ease with which self-timed systems can be designed with a minimum amount of design efforts. The experimental implementation showed that self-timed design simplifies the design process since no effort was devoted to clock distribution, nor were any timing simulations to verify clock skew necessary.
Could seasonally deteriorating environments favour the evolution of autogamous selfing and a drought escape physiology through indirect selection? A test of the time limitation hypothesis using artificial selection in Clarkia

Background and aims The evolution of selfing from outcrossing may be the most common transition in plant reproductive systems and is associated with a variety of ecological circumstances and life history strategies. The most widely discussed explanation for these associations is the reproductive assurance hypothesis - the proposition that selfing is favoured because it increases female fitness when outcross pollen receipt is limited. Here an alternative explanation, the time limitation hypothesis, is addressed, one scenario of which proposes that selfing may evolve as a correlated response to selection for a faster life cycle in seasonally deteriorating environments. Methods Artificial selection for faster maturation (early flowering) or for low herkogamy was performed on Clarkia unguiculata (Onagraceae), a largely outcrossing species whose closest relative, C. exilis, has evolved higher levels of autogamous selfing. Direct responses to selection and correlated evolutionary changes in these traits were measured under greenhouse conditions. Direct responses to selection on early flowering and correlated evolutionary changes in the node of the first flower, herkogamy, dichogamy, gas exchange rates and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured under field conditions. Key results Lines selected for early flowering and for low herkogamy showed consistent, statistically significant responses to direct selection. However, there was little or no evidence of correlated evolutionary changes in flowering date, floral traits, gas exchange rates or WUE. Conclusions These results suggest that the maturation rate and mating system have evolved independently in Clarkia and that the time limitation hypothesis does not explain the repeated evolution of selfing in this genus, at least through its indirect selection scenario. They also suggest that the life history and physiological components of drought escape are not genetically correlated in Clarkia, and that differences in gas exchange physiology between C. unguiculata and C. exilis have evolved independently of differences in mating system and life history.
Post Catheterization Inferior Epigastric Artery to Common Femoral Vein Fistula: Complimentary Role of Duplex Sonography and Computed Tomographic Angiography:

IntroductionIatrogenic arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) are usually formed between the common femoral artery (CFA) and the common femoral vein (CFV). Diagnosis is confirmed with duplex sonography (DS). They are usually treated conservatively or with surgery. AVF arising from the inferior epigastric (IEA) branch of the CFA are rare and present unique challenges, as DS usually cannot differentiate AVF origin from CFA or IEA.Case StudyA 21-year-old woman presented with mild groin discomfort and bruit after an electrophysiological procedure via the right CFV. DS confirmed an AVF, but computed tomography angiography was performed to assess the origin. A small fistula was seen from the proximal right IEA to CFV. This offered an opportunity to percutaneously close the fistula by coiling the IEA if clinically indicated. However, a repeat DS 6 weeks later demonstrated spontaneous AVF closure.ConclusionDS is usually the only diagnostic study performed for evaluation of AVF. Diagnosis is usually made on the basis of rel...
Immunogenomics: A Negative Prostate Cancer Outcome Associated with TcR-γ/δ Recombinations

We developed a scripted algorithm, based on previous, earlier editions of the algorithm, to mine prostate cancer exome files for T-cell receptor (TcR) recombination reads: Reads representing TcR gene recombinations were identified in 497 prostate cancer exome files from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA). As has been reported for melanoma, co-detection of productive TcR-α and TcR-β recombination reads correlated with an RNA expression signature representing T-cell exhaustion, particularly with high RNA levels for PD-1 and PD-L1, in comparison to several different control sets of samples. Co-detection of TcR-α and TcR-β recombination reads also correlated with high level expression of genes representing antigen presenting functions, further supporting the conclusion that co-detection of TcR-α and TcR-β recombination reads represents an immunologically relevant microenvironment. Finally, detection of unproductive TcR-δ recombinations, and unproductive and productive TcR-γ recombinations, strongly correlated with, and may represent a convenient biomarker for a poor clinical outcome. These results underscore the value of the genomics-based assessment of unproductive TcR recombinations and raise questions about the impact of tumor microenvironment lymphocytes in the absence of antigenicity.
Enactivism and teacher instructional game building: an inquiry of theory adoption and design consideration

In this study, teachers are giving an opportunity to design and develop their own educational games. The following three questions guide the research: (1) What are the characteristics of teacher designed and developed games? (2) What theories do teachers use when they make games for educational purposes? (3) What are the design considerations when teachers engage in game authoring experiences? Framed in a qualitative, naturalistic case study perspective, this paper explores 83 teachers’ experience and thinking grounded in enactivism. Participating teachers are enrolled in a graduate course focusing on game based learning. Data sources include: teacher written assignments, teacher created digital artifacts, instructor’s reflective journal, and learner feedback after class. The analysis of the data show that teachers tend to create quiz games using the software they are familiar with, prefer collaborative design process, and math is a popular subject for games. They like to author games that are customized, with detailed storylines, and are appropriate for the local contexts. Implication and recommendations are also discussed.
Query-Dependent Ranking

In this chapter, we introduce query-dependent ranking. Considering the large differences between different queries, it might not be the best choice to use a single ranking function to deal with all kinds of queries. Instead, one may achieve performance gain by leveraging the query differences. To consider the query difference in training, one can use a query-dependent loss function. To further consider the query difference in the test process, a query-dependent ranking function is needed. Several ways of learning a query-dependent ranking function are reviewed in this chapter, including query classification-based approach, query clustering-based approach, nearest neighbor-based approach, and two-layer learning-based approach. Discussions are also made on the future research directions along this line.
Gunther: search-based auto-tuning of mapreduce

MapReduce has emerged as a very popular programming model for large-scale data analytics. Despite its industry-wide acceptance, the open source ApacheTM HadoopTM framework for MapReduce remains difficult to optimize, particularly in large-scale production environments. The vast search space defined by the hundreds of MapReduce configuration parameters and the complex interactions between them makes it time consuming to rely on manual tuning. Hence something more is needed. In this paper we evaluate approaches to the automatic tuning of Hadoop MapReduce including ones based on cost-based and machine learning models. We determine that they are inadequate and instead propose a search-based approach called Gunther for Hadoop MapReduce optimization. Gunther uses a Genetic Algorithm which is specially designed to aggressively identify parameter settings that result in near-optimal job execution time. We evaluate Gunther on two types of clusters with different resource characteristics. Our experiments demonstrate that Gunther can obtain near-optimal performance within a small number of trials (<30), outperforming existing auto-tuning solutions and industry recommended configurations. We also describe a methodology for reducing the dimensionality of the auto-tuning problem, further improving search efficiency without sacrificing performance improvement.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques in the Diagnosis of Pneumonia

A number of PCR assays have been developed for detecting the majority of bacterial pathogens. Only a limited number of these assays have been subject to stringent evaluation for clinical diagnosis. Those that have, such as tests for Mycobacteria and Chlamydia trachomatis, are available commercially and are accepted diagnostic tests (Ieven & Goossens, 1997). The bacteria once referred to as the atypical pathogens of pneumonia are fastidious and difficult to detect. The treatment of pneumonia would greatly benefit from tests that could rapidly detect infection due to these organisms. PCR may represent such a test, but there is an overwhelming lack of data on the efficacy of PCR as a diagnostic tool for infections due to C. pneumoniae, Legionella species, and M. pneumoniae. Limited studies and preliminary data suggest that PCR may add to the diagnostic repertoire, but this procedure may lack the sensitivity and specificity to provide anything other than supplemental data for the clinician. Biologists and statisticians need to work together to develop mathematical procedures that will allow the effective evaluation of promising new molecular techniques that can replace imperfect reference tests. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the applicability of PCR to the diagnosis of pneumonia.
The Future of Asian American Politics

This paper offers an outline of an assessment of the future of Asian American politics. I synthesize both the rapidly expanding scholarship on Asian American politics as well as a broader body of research on Asian American incorporation and assimilation. This paper builds on a range of works that have explored similar questions, such as Gary Okihiro’s Margins and Mainstreams (1991), Claire Jean Kim’s “The Racial Triangulation of Asian Americans” (1999), and David Palumbo-Liu’s Asian/American (1999). I focus on two broad concerns: Asian American relations with other ethnoracial groups, and the prospects for Asian American panethnicity. Both of these have important implications for race in America more broadly, a topic I will explore in an expanded version of this paper. I note an irony of Asian American politics: the worse things are, the better the prospects for organizing — and the more successful that community groups are in battling discrimination and creating equal opportunity, the dimmer are the prospects for their organizations enduring. While some form of Asian American politics seems likely to endure for the foreseeable future, the specific form is hard to forecast at this point. The tension between ethnic-based (e.g., Filipino or Korean) and panethnic-based (Asian American) politics persists. Although we have benefited from a wealth of new data, it continues to be point in different directions regarding the prospects for ethnic or panethnic politics.
Chapter 42 – CR4

CR4 (p150/95, CD11c/CD18, αx/β2, ITGAX/ITGB2) is a member of the β2 integrin family and was first described in the early to mid-1980s. CR4 is primarily expressed on myeloid cells and is commonly used as one of the markers to identify dendritic cells. Similar to CR3, this complement receptor participates in leucocyte adhesion, activation and recruitment; cytokine production; host defence and phagocytosis. Primary ligands for CR4 include iC3b, ICAM-1, fibrinogen and VCAM-1. Expression of CR4 is regulated at the transcriptional level and through activation-induced release from intracellular granules, while its activity is controlled primarily through conformational changes and clustering at the cell surface. Unlike CR3, few functional studies of CR4 have been reported in different in vivo immune and inflammatory model systems. Those published to date suggest that this complement receptor is involved in host defence responses and can promote inflammatory processes in the vasculature, skin and central nervous system.
International Symposium on Magnetic Suspension Technology, Part 2

In order to examine the state of technology of all areas of magnetic suspension and to review related recent developments in sensors and controls approaches, superconducting magnet technology, and design/implementation practices, a symposium was held. The proceedings are presented. The sessions covered the areas of bearings, sensors and controls, microgravity and vibration isolation, superconductivity, manufacturing applications, wind tunnel magnetic suspension systems, magnetically levitated trains (MAGLEV), space applications, and large gap magnetic suspension systems.
Guidelines for Selecting Professional Development for Early Childhood Teachers.

Engaging teachers of young children in effective in-service professional development is a critical component of establishing high quality early childhood education. However, not all professional development offerings are effective in imparting new knowledge, enhancing teacher practice, or improving child outcomes, making it difficult for teachers and directors to select professional development that will benefit their centers. This paper critically reviews the research literature on professional development for early childhood education to identify what features of professional development make a difference for teacher interactions and children’s learning and development. Guidance is provided for selecting professional development opportunities which meet the needs of children and teachers. Recommendations for how to create an ongoing professional development program within an early childhood center by creating a professional learning community are also made. Such an approach supports the center to become a place that values learning and continued education for all professionals.
Grinding the face of the poor

The personal and individualistic bias of contemporary Bible reading can hide the primary message of Scripture. Attention to communal and social contexts of reading, such as economic and political s...
Mean-Square Response of Hysteretic Oscillators Under Nonstationary Random Excitation

A method is introduced for the approximate analysis of the nonstationary random vibration of a broad class of multi-degree-of-freedom nonlinear systems, including (but not limited to) hysteretic systems. The approach uses a two-stage identification procedure to determine equivalent nonlinear memoryless (non-hysteretic) systems. For purposes of calibration with results obtained by other methods, applications in this paper are limited to the transient mean-square response statistics of a class of time-invariant bilinear hysteretic oscillators. However, the method is quite general and easily applied to systems incorporating dead-space, impact, frictional sliding, and general experimentally-determined nonlinearities.
Sex differences in limbic network and risk‐taking propensity in healthy individuals

Little is known about the structural neural substrates that may contribute to sex differences in risk-taking propensity (RTP). A close association between risk-seeking behavior and the emotional-regulation network led us to hypothesize that the sex differences in RTP would be associated with sex differences in brain morphometry of the limbic network (LN). We collected RTP scores using the bubble sheet version of the evaluation of risk (EVAR) scale and neuroanatomical data from 57 healthy individuals (29 males). The EVAR scale included sub-scales measuring recklessness/impulsivity, self-confidence, and need for control (NFC). We observed significant sex differences in NFC showing greater desire for control and dominance in males than females (multivariate analysis of covariance, MANCOVAN: p = .01). Morphometry analysis showed that it was only the right LN, which showed significant sex differences in normalized surface area, normalized cortical volume, and adjusted mean curvature index (females > males) at p < .01 (MANCOVAN, corrected for multiple comparisons). Correlation analysis showed that greater curvature of the right LN was significantly associated with lower desire for control in high-risk events (r = -.31, p = .02 at 95% CI of [-0.53, -0.05]). Our findings suggest that the normalized cortical measures could indicate specific sex differences in brain morphometry, particularly within the LN. The curvature index was the only differentiating factor for greater/lower propensity for risk-taking behavior in overall sample. Therefore, the LN and the curvature measures could be key biomarkers, which play an important role in predicting risk-taking behavior.
A model for visual naming based on spatiotemporal dynamics of ECoG high-gamma modulation.

Abstract Objective We studied spatiotemporal dynamics of electrocorticographic (ECoG) high-gamma modulation (HGM) during visual naming. Methods In 8 patients, aged 4–19 years, with left hemisphere subdural electrodes, propagation of ECoG HGM during overt visual naming was mapped with trial-averaged time-frequency analysis. Group-level synthesis was performed by transforming all electrodes to a standard space and assigning cortical parcels based on a reference atlas. Results After image display following cortical parcels were activated: inferior occipital, caudal angular, fusiform, and middle temporal gyri, and superior temporal sulcus [0–400 ms]; rostral pars triangularis (A45r), inferior frontal sulcus, caudal dorsolateral premotor cortex (A6cdl) [300–600 ms]; caudal ventrolateral premotor cortex (A6cvl), caudal pars triangularis (A45c), pars opercularis (A44) [400–800 ms]; primary sensorimotor cortex [600–1400 ms], with most prominent HGM in glossolaryngeal region (A4tl). Lastly, auditory cortex (A41/A42) and superior temporal gyrus (A22) were activated [900 ms–1.4 s]. After 1.5 s, HGM decreased globally, except in ventrolateral premotor cortex. Conclusions During visual naming, ECoG HGM shows a sequential but overlapping spatiotemporal course through cortical regions. We provide neurophysiologic validation for a model of visual naming incorporating both modular and distributed cortical processing. This may explain cognitive deficits seen in some patients after surgery involving HGM naming sites outside perisylvian language cortex.
Sources of Directional Spatial Biases in Hemi-Image Drawing:

We examined the performance of right- and left-handed brain-intact adult readers of English or Farsi on a hemi-image generation task in which participants were to imagine and then draw halves of ob...
Hospital Length of Stay after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery by Race/Ethnicity and Procedure Type among Florida Patients.

Abstract Objectives Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (MBS) has become increasingly common as a treatment option for severely obese. We examined the association of hospital length of stay (LOS) by race-ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic white [NHW], NH black [NHB]) and MBS-procedure among Florida inpatients. Design Secondary analysis of inpatient records was performed using the 2016 Florida Agency for Health Care Administrative (AHCA) data. Records of Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB), and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) procedures based on ICD 10th edition code were analyzed. Via logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of longer LOS (≥2 versus Results The majority of the sample (N = 10,630, approximately 56% NHW, 21% NHB, 20% Hispanic, 3% Other) underwent SG (71%), followed by RYGB (24%) and LAGB (5%). Hispanic were more likely (aOR 1.27; 95% CI 1.14–1.42) and NHB were less likely (0.68; 0.61–0.75) than NHW to have longer LOS regardless of MBS type. Compared to SG, LAGB patients were more likely (2.09; 1.70–2.55) but RYGB patients were less likely (0.32; 0.29–0.36) to have longer LOS. Conclusions Although LAGB is considered the least invasive MBS, recipients tend to stay longer in hospital after adjustment for health insurance and sociodemographic factors. Medical and socioecological reasons for racial-ethnic variations in LOS relating MBS should be explored further.
Application of Biomarker Tools Using Bivalve Models Toward the Development of Adverse Outcome Pathways for Contaminants of Emerging Concern

As contaminant exposures in aquatic ecosystems continue to increase, the need for streamlining research efforts in environmental toxicology using predictive frameworks also grows. One such framework is the adverse outcome pathway (AOP). An AOP framework organizes and utilizes toxicological information to connect measurable molecular endpoints to an adverse outcome of regulatory relevance via a series of events at different levels of biological organization. Molecular endpoints or biomarkers are essential to develop AOPs and are valuable early warning signs of the toxicity of pollutants, including contaminants of emerging concern. Ecological risk-assessment approaches using tools such as biomarkers and AOPs benefit from identification of molecular targets conserved across species. Bivalve models are useful in such approaches and integral to our understanding of ecological and human health risks associated with contaminant exposures. We discuss the value of using biomarker approaches in bivalve models to meet the demands of twenty-first-century toxicology. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1472-1484. © 2020 SETAC.
Patterns and determinants of chemotherapy-associated Clostridium difficile infection among cancer patients in the United States: A population-based study.

e19111Background: Elderly cancer patients comprise a population that is vulnerable for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). In addition to the frequent hospitalizations, the administration of che...
Soy protein is an efficacious alternative to whey protein in sorghum-soy fortified blended foods in rats

Background: Previously we found that extruded corn-soy blend (CSB) and sorghum-soy blend (SSB) fortified blended foods (FBFs) containing whey protein concentrate (WPC) were equally nutritious food aid products. WPC provides high-quality protein; however, it is the most expensive ingredient in these FBFs. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine if soy protein can serve as an alternative to WPC and the secondary objective was to evaluate different sucrose amounts in the FBFs. Methods: Nine extruded FBFs were formulated: 1 CSB and 1 SSB, both containing 9.5% WPC and 15% sucrose, served as comparison FBFs. Three additional CSB and 4 SSB FBFs were formulated containing no WPC, but with increased soy flour to meet protein requirements and varying sucrose concentrations. The sucrose content ranged from 0% to 10% for the CSBs and 0% to 15% for the SSBs. Male weanling Sprague Dawley rats were individually housed and divided into 10 diet groups (n = 9-10) which consumed either AIN-93G or a dry FBF for 28 d. At study conclusion, blood, livers, and body composition data were collected. Results were analyzed using 1-factor ANOVA with Tukey's test. Results: Outcomes were not significantly different between the SSB groups, with the exception of significantly higher protein efficiency for the WPC-containing group. Among the CSB groups, caloric and protein efficiencies were significantly higher for the WPC-containing CSB group. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin or hepatic iron concentrations between FBF groups, but hepatic iron concentrations were significantly higher in all FBF groups than in the AIN-93G group. Groups consuming diets with ≤10% sucrose had significantly higher bone mineral density than groups consuming diets with 15% sucrose. Conclusions: These results suggest that extruded SSB, but not necessarily CSB, FBFs with soy protein and 5%-10% added sucrose are efficacious and cost-effective alternatives to WPC-containing FBFs.
High Frequency Thin-Film Piezoelectric Resonant Micro-Accelerometers with A Capacitive Mass-Spring Transducer

A novel resonant micro-accelerometer is implemented with an operational frequency of ~27 MHz in which an acceleration-induced change of capacitance is transformed to a frequency shift in a piezoelectric resonator utilizing the piezoelectric stiffening mechanism. In this device the mass-spring system is not embedded within the resonator, enabling a large degree of freedom in choosing the resonance frequency of the resonator. The piezoelectric resonator and the capacitive mass spring (CMS) structure are both fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer covered by a thin film of sputtered aluminum nitride. The feasibility and the efficiency of this novel sensing mechanism has been proven by demonstrating a ~600 Hz shift in the resonance frequency as the sample accelerometer was rotated 1800 yielding a 300Hz.g-1 sensitivity.
Melissa Dell: Winner of the 2020 Clark Medal

The 2020 John Bates Clark Medal of the American Economic Association was awarded to Melissa Dell, Professor of Economics at Harvard University, for her path-breaking contributions in political economy, economic history, and economic development. This article summarizes Melissa Dell's work, places it in the context of the broader literature, and emphasizes how, with its data collection, careful empirical implementation, and audacious ambition, it has revolutionized work in political economy and economic history.
Political Science Scholarship on the Middle East: A View from the Journals

Based on an original dataset of all articles on the Middle East in major political science journals during the past two decades, we assess trends in publishing on the region to explore whether it remains underrepresented in political science and how the field has evolved. We focus on the evolution of the total share of Middle East and North Africa (MENA)-focused articles, research topics, methods employed, and patterns of authorship by gender. The proportion of MENA-focused articles has increased, particularly after the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, but remains strikingly low. With respect to topics and methods, research on the Middle East is increasingly integrated in mainstream political science, with articles addressing core disciplinary debates and relying increasingly more on statistical and experimental methods. Yet, these shifts may come at the expense of predominantly qualitative research, and primary topics may reflect the priorities of Western researchers while underplaying the major concerns of Middle Eastern publics.
Health Literacy During Aging.

T o the Editors: We applaud Kobayashi et al.’s recent publication entitled, BCognitive Function and Health Literacy Decline in a Cohort of Aging English Adults,^ addressing the relationship between age and health literacy, inclusive of cognitive functioning. Given the high prevalence of poor health literacy among older adults, identifying risk factors and potential opportunities for intervention is critical to improving health care in this vulnerable population. We note, however, that poor vision is an additional risk factor that may be critical to developing effective interventions for older patients.While Kobayashi et al. acknowledged Bsight difficulties^ as a reason for non-completion of the health literacy assessment, excluding participants based on sight may have important implications for future study and patient impact. The patient’s degree of vision loss was not documented and neither the vision assessment tool nor the parameters of vision loss were identified. Further, the results of participants with vision loss themselves differed across waves, from 1.5 % (132/8780) in wave 2 to 1.8 % (96/5330) in wave 5. Although the percentages within each group were fairly similar, it is not clear whether these represent the same or different participants, or if the criteria changed over the course of the study. Regardless of the tool used or changes across time, the percentage of poor vision identified in this population may significantly underestimate the actual proportion of older patients with poor vision. In a national survey of American adults aged 65 years and older, 21 % self-identified as having vision impairment. Further, at our institution, we have found that nearly half of hospitalized participants 65 years and older have poor vision (compared to about one-quarter among participants under 65). This is salient, because both the health literacy assessment and the cognitive battery require participants to be able to see text. In prior research, we documented that patients 65 years and older have a dual risk for poor health literacy and poor visionwhen compared to their younger counterparts. Because older adults with poor vision have a higher risk of falls, delirium, and hastened physical and psychological decline, it may be important to determine whether vision mitigates some of the demonstrated association between age, health literacy, and cognitive changes. Therefore, future work should avoid the exclusion of aging adults with poor vision and should attempt to further clarify the interaction of these risk factors in order to tailor appropriate interventions.
Integrated Nutrition and Culinary Education in Response to Food Insecurity in a Public University

Food insecurity is an emerging issue for college students. A nutrition course with an integrated teaching kitchen was developed to address this issue at a large public university. We aimed to determine changes in food insecurity and stress among students who took the course. The course consisted of weekly lectures followed by teaching kitchen lab sessions to teach basic nutrition and culinary concepts and expose students to hands-on skill development cooking experiences. Using a pre-post design, enrolled students completed an anonymous online survey at the beginning and the end of the semester. Food security was assessed with the USDA Six-Item Food Security Module; stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Pre- and post-data were linked for 171 participants. Paired data statistical analysis comparing the post- vs. the pre-test showed an increase in food security and a decrease in very low security rates (from 48% to 70%, and from 23% to 6%, respectively; p < 0.0001), and a decrease on the average PSS score, indicating lower stress (from (Mean ± SD) 19.7 ± 5.9 to 18.1 ± 6.0; p = 0.0001). A nutrition and culinary course may be an effective response to food insecurity and could potentially improve students’ wellbeing.
Association of Genetic Testing Results with Mortality Among Women with Breast Cancer or Ovarian Cancer

Background Breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients increasingly undergo germline genetic testing. However, little is known about cancer-specific mortality among carriers of a pathogenic variant (PV) in BRCA1/2 or other genes in a population-based setting. Methods Georgia and California Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry records were linked to clinical genetic testing results. Women were included who had stages I-IV breast cancer or ovarian cancer diagnosed in 2013-2017; received chemotherapy; and linked to genetic testing results. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of genetic results with cancer-specific mortality. Results 22,495 breast and 4,320 ovarian cancer patients were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 41 months. PVs were present in 12.7% of breast cancer patients with estrogen and/or progesterone receptor-positive, HER2-negative cancer, 9.8% with HER2-positive cancer, 16.8% with triple-negative breast cancer and 17.2% with ovarian cancer. Among triple-negative breast cancer patients, cancer-specific mortality was lower with BRCA1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35-0.69) and BRCA2 PVs (HR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41-0.89), and equivalent with PVs in other genes (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.37-1.13), versus non-carriers. Among ovarian cancer patients, cancer-specific mortality was lower with PVs in BRCA2 (HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.25-0.49) and genes other than BRCA1/2 (HR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.32-0.69). No PV was associated with higher cancer-specific mortality. Conclusions Among breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients treated with chemotherapy in the community, BRCA1/2 and other gene PV carriers had equivalent or lower short-term cancer-specific mortality than non-carriers. These results may reassure newly diagnosed patients and longer follow-up is ongoing.
Transverse Single Spin Asymmetries of Heavy Flavor Electrons and Charged Pions in 200 GeV $p+p^{\uparrow}$ Collisions at Midrapidity

Transverse single spin asymmetries of particles produced in $p+p^{\uparrow}$ collisions provide insight on the partonic spin and momentum structure of hadrons; heavy flavor electrons provide access to initial state spin-momentum correlations of gluons in the proton, while charged pions provide access to initial and final state transverse spin effects. Charged particles are measured at midrapidity at PHENIX using the silicon vertex detector and central arm spectrometer, made of an electromagnetic calorimeter, a ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, and drift and pad chambers. Recent results for both electron and charged pion measurements from the 2015 running period will be presented.
Certain Afferent Cortical Connections of the Rhinencephalon

Publisher Summary Afferent connections from various cortical areas to the hippocampal gyrus and the hippocampus are traced in Marchi preparations following suitable lesions. The projection of the cingulate gyrus to the inferior temporal gyrus and the hippocampal gyrus and, in less amount, directly to the hippocampus and the amygdala are demonstrated. The connections of the orbital surface of the frontal lobe with the hippocampal gyrus and the hippocampus, as well as with the inferior temporal cortex, are described from a clinical case in which there was a lesion in the orbital cortex. The results exhibit that the anterior temporal lobe syndrome (involving the rostral end of the temporal lobe, the rostral end of the hippocampus, and the hippocampal gyrus and the amygdala of the anatomists) may be equally well obtained from irritating lesions in frontal cortex or cingulate cortex without any direct inclusion of the rostral temporal or rhinencephalic fields in the lesion. The typical anterior temporal lobe syndrome includes deja vu phenomena, olfactory aura, micropsia and macropsia, and sometimes auditory hallucinations.
Psychological Hardiness Predicts Adaptability in Military Leaders: A prospective study

To perform effectively in complex mission environments, security personnel and leaders must be flexible and adaptable in responding to rapidly changing conditions. Psychological hardiness marks resilient people who maintain their health and performance despite stressful situations. The present study evaluates psychological hardiness at entry to West Point military academy as a predictor of leader performance and adaptability over time. Predictors also included Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores, and a composite indicator of leader potential (Whole Candidate Score) taken from admissions records. Using the Pulakos adaptability taxonomy as a guide, adaptability performance items were taken from a survey of graduates given 3 years after graduation. Also, military leadership grades as West Point seniors provided an index of traditional military performance. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that Whole Candidate Scores predict military leader performance at West Point, but not leader adaptability after graduation. However, hardiness predicts leader performance at West Point, and also leader adaptability (self- and supervisor ratings) after graduation. SAT scores and the challenge facet of hardiness are negative predictors of leader performance at West Point. Results indicate that while the traditional measures Whole Candidate Score predicts leader performance in the stable, highly regulated environment of West Point, it does not predict leader adaptability and performance in the uncertain environment of real-world operations. In contrast, psychological hardiness (commitment and control facets) measured as academy freshmen predicts leader adaptability in officers measured 7 years later. Psychological hardiness appears to be a promising factor in promoting the development of adaptability.
Intelligent agent enabled genetic ant algorithm for p2p resource discovery

Rapid resource discovery in P2P networks is a challenging problem because users search for different resources at different times, and, nodes and their resources can vary dynamically as nodes join and leave the network. Traditional resource discovery techniques such as flooding generate enormous amounts of traffic, while improved P2P resource discovery mechanisms such as distributed hash tables(DHT) introduce additional overhead for maintaining content hashes on different nodes. In contrast, self-adaptive systems such as ant algorithms provide a suitable paradigm for controlled dissemination of P2P query messages. In this paper, we describe an evolutionary ant algorithm for rapidly discovering resources in a P2P network.
Local Contributions to the 0.6 KEV Diffuse X-Ray Background

The intensity of the X-ray background between 0.5 and 1.0 keV has surprisingly little dependence on galactic latitude. Possible mechanisms for the production of these X-rays include extragalactic emission and emission from dM stars, both of which should be strongly dependent on galatic latitude, and diffuse emission from hot gas (T approx. = 3 x 10 to the 6th power K) surrounding the Sun. These mechanisms can be distinguished by the presence or absence of absorption by gas within a few hundred parsecs of the Sun. X-ray data from the HEAO-1 LED detectors and H1 data from the recent Crawford Hill 21 cm survey are used to place limits on the 0.6 keV intensity originating within 300 pc of the Sun in the general direction of (lambda,b) = (150 deg - 30 deg).
Idle port scanning and non-interference analysis of network protocol stacks using model checking

Idle port scanning uses side-channel attacks to bounce scans off of a "zombie" host to stealthily scan a victim IP address or infer IP-based trust relationships between the zombie and victim. We present results from building a transition system model of a network protocol stack for an attacker, victim, and zombie, and testing this model for non-interference properties using model checking. Two new methods of idle scans resulted from our modeling effort, based on TCP RST rate limiting and SYN caches, respectively. Through experimental verification of these attacks, we show that it is possible to scan victims which the attacker is not able to route packets to, meaning that protected networks or ports closed by firewall rules can be scanned. This is not possible with the one currently known method of idle scan in the literature that is based on non-random IPIDs. For the future design of network protocols, a notion of trusted vs. untrusted networks and hosts (based on existing IP-based trust relationships) will enable shared, limited resources to be divided. For a model complex enough to capture the details of each attack and where a distinction between trusted and untrusted hosts can be made, we modeled RST rate limitations and a split SYN cache structure. Non-interference for these two resources was verified with symbolic model checking and bounded model checking to depth 1000, respectively. Because each transtion is roughly a packet, this demonstrates that the two respective idle scans are ameliorated by separating these resources.
THE DEPOSITION OF SKELETAL STRUCTURES IN THE CRUSTACEA. VI. MICRORADIOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE EXOSKELETON OF THE CRAYFISH ORCONECTES VIRILIS HAGEN.

The progress of mineralization and the relationship of the inorganic to the organic phase of the developing gastrolith has been studied by the application of microradiography with soft and ultrasoft X-rays. Microradiographs with soft X-rays have indicated that mineral in the youngest gastrolith is distributed as loosely packed globular centers of mineralization. These centers of mineralization are distributed along and about the less dense lamellae and the globular centers of one lamella roughly coincide with those of an adjacent one to give a crude semblance of globular prisms. The low degree of ordering in the mineral component is correlated with the low degree of ordering in the matrix. The matrix in this case contains loosely packed nonuniformly spaced lamellae. As the gastrolith matures, microradiographs with soft X-rays show that the mineral becomes more closely packed and more highly ordered into dense mineralized lamellae that alternate with less dense mineralized lamellae. Prisms that cross the lamellae alternate with narrow less dense vertical striac. This progressively higher degree of ordering in the mineral phase of the developing gastrolith is concomitantly reflected in the higher degree of ordering in the organic matrix.
A watershed-scale assessment of a process soil CO2 production and efflux model

[1] Growing season soil CO2 efflux is known to vary laterally by as much as seven fold within small subalpine watersheds (<5 km2), and such degree of variability has been strongly related to the landscape-imposed redistribution of soil water. Current empirical or process models offer low potential to simulate this variability or to simulate watershed-scale dynamics of soil CO2 efflux. We modified an existing process soil CO2 production and efflux model to include spatially variable soil moisture, and applied it to a well-studied and moderately complex watershed of the northern Rocky Mountains. We started at the point scale and progressively modeled processes up to the watershed scale. We corroborated model performance using an independent data set of soil CO2 efflux measurements from 53 sites distributed across the 393 ha watershed. Our approach (1) simulated the seasonality of soil CO2 efflux at riparian sites; (2) reproduced short-term (diel) dynamics of soil CO2 concentration ([CO2]) at riparian sites, particularly observed hysteresis patterns in the soil [CO2]–soil temperature relationship; and (3) simulated growing season estimates of soil CO2 efflux at dry sites across the landscape (98% of area). Model limitations included poor simulation of growing season (cumulative) soil CO2 efflux at sites with a large drainage area, likely as a result of poorly modeled soil water content and challenges in parametrization of root and microbial activities. Our study provides important insight into coupling hydrological and biogeochemical models at landscape scales, and highlights the role of landscape structure and heterogeneity when modeling spatial variability of biogeochemical processes.
Two Topics in Particle-Antiparticle Mixing

This paper summarizes two experimental issues in the study of particle antiparticle mixing. We propose a new method to extract the ratio $|V_{ts}/V_{td}|^2$ from a measurement of $\Delta \Gamma/\Gamma$ for the $B_s$ meson. This method is experimentally more sensitive than the conventional method for large values of $|V_{ts}|$ but depends on the accuracy of parton level calculations. We then briefly discuss the implications of large CP violation and final state interactions (FSI) in the experimental search for $D^0-\bar{D}^0$ mixing. The work described here was carried out in collaboration with S. Pakvasa.
Hazing in the Internet Age

This article addresses legal and policy issues regarding hazing activities that are depicted on the internet. It briefly addresses potential liability for universities, university officials, fraternitys and groups, and individual students. The article also provides guidance for universities about how to send clear anti-hazing messages to students and urges university officials to educate students about the consequences of posting evidence of illegal and inappropriate conduct online.
What’s in a name? Lower extremity fracture eponyms (Part 2)

Eponymous extremity fractures are commonly encountered in the emergency setting. Correct eponym usage allows rapid, succinct communication of complex injuries. We review both common and less frequently encountered extremity fracture eponyms, focusing on imaging features to identify and differentiate these injuries. We focus on plain radiographic findings, with supporting computed tomography (CT) images. For each injury, important radiologic descriptors are discussed which may need to be communicated to clinicians. Aspects of management and follow-up imaging recommendations are included. This is a two-part review: Part 1 focuses on fracture eponyms of the upper extremity, while Part 2 encompasses fracture eponyms of the lower extremity.