cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of copper complexation in seawater using flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection

Abstract Flow injection analysis with chemiluminescence detection (FIA–CL) via the reaction of copper with 1,10-phenanthroline was used for the determination of copper complexation in seawater. A detection limit of 0.1 nM Cu in undiluted seawater without sample preconcentration was obtained. Copper speciation was assessed by titrating natural seawater ligands with added copper. This method was used to measure copper complexation throughout the water column in Monterey Bay, California. Two ligand classes were identified: a strong ligand (L1), ranging in concentration from 1.3 to 3.1 nM, and a weaker ligand (L2), ranging from 9.4 to 25.6 nM. The average conditional stability constant for the strong ligand was log K 1 ′ 13.1±0.4 and for the weaker ligand log K 2 ′ 9.4±0.6. These measurements are in good agreement with complexation studies previously performed using established methods. This technique may eventually be adapted for in situ complexation measurements that can be used to monitor natural spatial and temporal variations in copper complexation, as well as coastal ecosystem responses to urban and industrial change.
Ephraim McDowell: the qualities of a good surgeon.

Objective: To identify those personal qualities which enabled Dr. Ephraim McDowell to be successful as the first surgeon in the world to remove a large ovarian tumor. Background Data: Dr. McDowell, in 1809 and before anesthesia or antisepsis, removed a large ovarian tumor from his patient, Jane Todd Crawford, who then survived 33 years. Methods: Existing histories and accounts of Ephraim McDowell's life and operations were sifted for his personal qualities. A visit to the McDowell House and family 200 th reunion in Danville, Kentucky, added details. Results: Qualities of confidence, compassion, courage, commitment, communication, courtesy, and especially cleanliness have been identified. Conclusions: Those qualities attributed to Ephraim McDowell perhaps were instrumental in his successes. Those basic qualities are still important for surgeons today.
LiBH4 in Carbon Aerogel Nanoscaffolds: An NMR Study of Atomic Motions

Hydrogen NMR of LiBH4 in the pores of carbon aerogel nanoscaffolds shows the coexistence of motionally narrowed and broad components. The fraction of mobile, diffusing hydrogen, already evident at room temperature, increases continuously with temperature. Thus, a broad distribution of environments is present, as in some ball-milled hydrides. With decreasing pore size from 25 to 13 nm, the narrowed fraction increases, suggesting that the narrow resonance is from the most defective regions, the grain boundaries. The broad component eventually exhibits narrowing in the same temperature window as for bulk material, confirming the bulk-like structure of those regions. Hole-burning measurements reveal magnetization exchange between the broad and narrow resonance lines, confirming the close spatial proximity of the atoms in each line. The solid−solid transition is clearly evident in 7Li line shapes, with a 10−15 °C depression from the bulk. More rapid decay of the quadrupolar satellite signals in spin echoes, co...
Temporal Codes for Memories: Issues and Problems

Abstract : This report addresses the question of the mechanisms by which order information is attached to memories. The results of sixteen experiments indicate the role of some independent variables on temporal coding in relatively short-term memory and in long-term memory. Several experiments, in which changes in proactive inhibition are used as an index of temporal differentiation show that the nature of the words making up the lists is involved fundamentally in temporal coding. Other experiments demonstrate that, in relatively short-term memory, a subject cannot learn to improve his performance in estimating how far apart in time two events occurred. Still other experiments show that recency judgments for two events improve with practice, but the improvement is minimally influenced by the temporal separation of the events. The context in which memories are established is shown to influence temporal codes only if an ordering metric is a part of the context. Several theoretical propositions are advanced to account for the findings.
Learner-Centered SEM and Competency-Based Education: Exploring the Learning Frontier of Graduate Enrollment Futures

In March 2013, the US Department of Education issued guidance to institutions on how to attain approval for competency-based programs under the current title IV, Higher Education Act (HEA) regulations on direct assessment programs. This article considers the graduate enrollment futures of colleges and universities that have chosen and will elect to adopt and deliver competency-based programs, and the potential role that strategic enrollment management (SEM) will play in advancing program enrollment and enhancing learner success. This SEM exploration originates at the founding institution, and subsequently emerges in the “academic context” before coming to rest at a liminal zone in the competency-based learning frontier. Between the borders of student and academic SEM orientations, competency-based learning figures and grounds the development of a learner-centered SEM orientation and approach that is aligned with extant initiatives to advance graduate enrollments.
Computerized X-Ray Reconstruction Tomography In Stereometric Analysis Of Cardiovascular Dynamics

A computerized technique is proposed for obtaining cross-sectional images of the dynamic spatial distribution of X-ray attenuation covering the entire anatomic extent of the thorax and its contents in living dogs with a resolution of 1 mm and at time intervals of 1/60 sec. Use is made of an X-ray imaging chain which is a new high-performance video-fluoroscopic system, unique in its design and construction and called SSDSR for single source dynamic spatial reconstructor. This dynamic spatial reconstruction system is shown to provide the temporally and spatially coherent multiple cross sections required to obtain the full three-dimensional anatomic and simultaneous hemodynamic information necessary for detailed quantitative analyses of regional cardiopulmonary and vascular functions in both basic investigations of animals and clinical diagnostic applications to patients. Numerous photographs supplement the text.
I Said, You Said: A Communication Exercise for Couples

The “I Said, You Said” technique leads the couple through a series of communication exercises that emphasizes the power of verbal and non-verbal cues. Initially, non-verbal cues that a couple uses to interpret each other’s spoken words are decreased to reduce the outside influences of attributed meaning. This allows the couple to focus on the clarity of the spoken message. Additional steps in this technique include restructuring speaker and listener roles, education about communication patterns, and learning how to communicate with more clarity and effectiveness, even when topics are emotionally laden. A brief vignette using the intervention follows this discussion.
The sensitivity of modeled sulfate wet deposition to the meteorological values used as input

Abstract Variations in the wet deposition of sulfate, resulting from uncertainties in key meteorological variables, have been calculated using a scavenging model with a steady-state meteorology and a time-dependent, non-linear chemical mechanism. Input data to initialize this model are representative of data measured during an actual storm event. The results are presented in terms of the deposition uncertainty that would result if the maximum prescribed uncertainty occurred simultaneously in all input meteorological variables. For stratiform clouds, sulfate deposition uncertainties of up to 33% of the computed value were calculated. For convective clouds, the sulfate deposition uncertainties ranged from near 30% at low grid-averaged precipitation rates to near 60% at higher precipitation rates. The largest contributor to deposition uncertainty was the area of convective cloud coverage. For a mixed convective-stratiform cloud system, uncertainties in deposition remained below 40% as long as the convective contribution to total precipitation was less than 75% of the total rainfall amount. In the mixed convective-stratiform system, the uncertainties in deposition were associated principally with uncertain areas of cloud coverage and uncertain precipitation contributions by each cloud type. Uncertainties in precipitation rate, cloud top height, and cloud base height were of secondary importance for the mixed cloud system and contributed roughly equally to the remaining deposition uncertainty. In all simulations, uncertainties calculated as the standard deviation from the known value are about half of the maximum value.
Insect Chemosterilants with Low Toxicity for Mammals

Hexamethylphosphoramide and hexamethylmelamine are effective as male house fly chemosterilants. Both compounds are structurally similar to the two highly active sterilants tepa and tretamine, but they differ from the aziridinyl compounds in their low toxicity for mammals and in their lack of alkylating properties. This discovery of nonalkylating male sterilants of low toxicity should substantially increase the scope and practicality of the sterilemale control method.
Time-resolved measurements of solidification and undercooling in metals and alloys

We have performed nanosecond-resolution measurements of the lateral electrical resistivity of thin metal films on insulating substrates. Comparison of transient resistivity measurements with optical reflectivity measurements and heat-flow calculations permits the determination of the position and velocity of a planar crystal/melt interface, and an estimate of undercooling during pulsed laser melting of metals. We report detailed results for rapid solidification of Ni, including the observation of hypercooling of .liquid Ni.
The preparation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine employing UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase

Abstract A rapid, simple, and inexpensive method has been developed for preparing UDP- N -acetylgalactosamine in amounts sufficient for several thousand assays of enzymes that employ this nucleotide sugar as substrate. The UDP- N -acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase in extracts of porcine submaxillary glands was used to convert UDP- N -acetylglucosamine to an equilibrium mixture of UDP- N -acetylglucosamine and UDP- N -acetylgalactosamine (molar ratio, 77:23). The two nucleotide sugars were separated from components in the extract by ion-exchange chromatography and then separated from one another by affinity chromatography on a column of Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I bound to agarose. The UDP- N -acetylgalactosamine was obtained in pure form by ion-exchange chromatography in an overall yield of 91% from the equilibrium mixture. The separation of the two nucleotide sugars by affinity chromatography also provides a rapid assay for the UDPGlcNAc-4-epimerase, which is more accurate and less time consuming than earlier published assays.
An antitrust analysis of non-profit hospital mergers

This paper considers such issues involved in non-profit hospital mergers as relevant product and geographic markets and the impacts of mergers on competition. The roles of non-price competition, entry barriers, and merger-generated efficiencies are considered. Close attention is given to the relevance of the Justice Department Merger guideline to the hospital industry. Through detailed examination of four litigated or challenged cases, the geographic market is shown to depend upon particular medical services. Outpatient services are found to comprise a separate market from inpatient hospital services, and non-profit status is determined to warrant the usual antitrust merger treatment.
Leucine and isoleucine as in vitro precursors for lipid synthesis by rat aorta

The in vitro conversion of14C-labeled leucine, isoleucine, and pyruvate to specific lipids was compared in rat aorta, diaphragm, and fat pad. Total lipid specific radioactivity from all precursors was greatest in aorta. The ratio of label incorporated into polar lipids vs. neutral lipids by aorta was generally several-fold that incorporated by muscle and fat pad. The labeling of sterols in the aorta from14C-leucine and pyruvate was equivalent. It is concluded that leucine may be a substantial precursor to polar lipids and to sterols in rat aorta.
Measuring intraocular pressure-adjustments for corneal thickness and new technologies.

AbstractPurpose of reviewCentral corneal thickness has become an important biometric factor and is an essential part of the evaluation of glaucoma. Goldmann applanation tonometry is the most widely used method of measuring intraocular pressure, but it is well known that corneal parameters affect the
Physical activity and sedentary behavior: a review of longitudinal studies of weight and adiposity in youth.

To review the published prospective observational studies of the relationship of physical activity and sedentary behavior with the development of overweight and adiposity, with an emphasis on methodologic issues. Sample size, population studied, length of follow-up, assessment of exposure (physical activity, inactivity, or sedentary behavior), assessment of outcome (relative weight, overweight, % body fatness, adiposity), statistical approach, and main findings were extracted, summarized, and key methodological issues highlighted. In total, 17 studies of physical activity and 15 studies of inactivity/sedentary behavior were identified; as these were not mutually exclusive, 20 unique studies were reviewed. Results were mixed, with most studies showing an inverse association of physical activity with weight or fatness outcomes and/or a direct association of inactivity/sedentary behavior with weight or fatness outcomes. The effects identified were generally of small magnitude. Imprecise measurement of activity exposures likely weakens the observed relationships. Most studies used a pre–post design and had limited duration of follow-up (≤2 y). Studies with longer and more frequent follow-up did not always use the most advantageous statistical approach. On balance, the available evidence from prospective observational studies suggests that increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behavior are protective against relative weight and fatness gains over childhood and adolescence. In addition to improved measurement methods, longer and more frequent follow-up as well as truly longitudinal analysis methods would help establish these important prevention and intervention targets, and identify subgroups or development periods where interventions would likely be effective.
Costs of End-of-Life Care: Findings from the Province of Saskatchewan

As part of the Health Care Use at the End-of-Life in Western Canada Study, the Western Office of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) collaborated with the ministries or departments of health in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba to characterize selected aspects of healthcare at the end of life. In-depth supplementary studies were also conducted for each of the four western provinces. Saskatchewan focused its analysis on healthcare costs in the two years before death. This paper provides a summary of data on healthcare costs for persons who died in Saskatchewan in the 2003-2004 fiscal year. It is based on a more in-depth report prepared for CIHI and Saskatchewan Health titled "Final Report of the Saskatchewan End-of-Life Care Project."
Excision repair in Drosophila. Analysis of strand breaks appearing in DNA of mei-9 mutants following mutagen treatment.

Abstract Excision repair of DNA damage has been analyzed in primary and established cell cultures of Drosophila melanogaster. Chemical and enzymatic assays for pyrimidine dimers reveal a strong deficiency in dimer excision from cells which are mutant at the mei-9 locus. Single-strand interruptions, which appear in high molecular weight DNA after ultraviolet irradiation of control cells, have been monitored by alkaline elution. The appearance of such breaks is greatly enhanced by inhibitors of DNA synthesis. In mutant mei-9D2 cells, on the other hand, the level of ultraviolet-induced breaks is much reduced and inhibitors fail to potentiate the response. These results imply that the inhibitors cause an accumulation of the transient strand interruptions that normally occur in excision repair by reducing the rate of the resynthesis step. Failure of the mei-9D2 cells to accumulate such intermediates strongly suggests that the initial nicking never occurs in these cells. Confirmatory experiments have also been performed with the alternate mutagen N- acetoxy -N- acetyl -2- aminofluorene .
Cell, symmetry and basic structure of a new ferrimagnet, Ba5Zn2Ti3Fe12O31

Abstract A new ferrimagnetic species, 18H, has been characterized: hexagonal, a = 5.844 A , c = 43.020 A , P 63/ mmc, Z = 2, Ba5Zn2Ti3Fe12O31, Dx = 5.55 g/cm3, Dm = 5.56 g/cm3. The nine-anion-layer primitive repeat group along c features five contiguous Ba-containing layers. Basically the structure consists of a six-anion-layer Y block alternating with a three-anion-layer barium titanate block. Such features are new to the extensive hexagonal ferrite group of ferrimagnetic materials.
Depositional Patterns of a Silurian Shelf Sand in Central Appalachians: ABSTRACT

The Keefer Sandstone in the subsurface of West Virginia and Kentucky, where it produces small volumes of natural gas, was deposited on the western shelf of the Appalachian basin. The formation is a dolomitic quartzarenite and quartzwacke and ranges from 13 to 50 ft (4 to 15 m) thick. As interpreted from four cores and isopach and lithofacies maps, the sand was transported by longshore currents from a southeastern source area and laid down in a variety of environments. In Kentucky, Keefer deposition was on a wave-dominated coast. The rocks are characterized by physical sedimentary structures and textures which developed under high-energy conditions, and the formation is divided into shoreface and foreshore facies. In adjacent West Virginia, however, Keefer deposition occur ed offshore in water near the depth of wave base, swept out onto the shelf by storm-generated currents. Sedimentary structures and textures indicate a lower energy environment, bioturbation is more common, and the formation contains a greater amount of shale. The isopach map shows two linear tracts of thick sand in this offshore facies that may represent a coalescence of subtidal bars on the shelf. Between major sand bodies, the Keefer becomes appreciably thinner and is interbedded with fossiliferous dolomite. In the basin center of West Virginia, sandstone is replaced by shale. Thus, the geographical distribution of lithofacies shows a transition of shelf environments within a blanket sandstone. In all cores, regardless of depositional facies, the sandstone displays evidence of aggradin sedimentation; sedimentation exceeded subsidence, and the sand body built upward into shallower water. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1175------------
Modeling psycho-social attributes in conflict, extended

Geo-political decisions can be critical determinants of success in war and peace. These decisions are based on assumed psychological and sociological responses to the decisions by the various individuals and groups in the decision environment. For example, mental models are used in deciding whether to display our naval "presence" in a foreign port or whether a discussion on the golf course would be more effective. However, in constructing consistent policies over long periods of time that involve the conflicting interests of many countries, the complexities often overwhelm simple models. A computer implementation, combining and extending the simple models, might be useful; but its design is a hard problem. This paper presents a philosophical framework for modeling psycho-social attributes at the theater level and develops some of the necessary structure.
Sediment resuspension by coastal waters: a potential mechanism for nutrient re-cycling on the ocean's margins

Abstract Nutrient profiles from the continental shelf of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico indicated considerable near-bottom enrichment in silica and nitrate above coarse sediments east of the Mississippi delta. In contrast, near-bottom water of the carbonate-rich West Florida Shelf showed no such enrichmmets. Storm-related suspension apparently produced the enrichments because, in near-bottom waters south of Mobile Bay, silica, nitrate plus nitrite, and suspended load increased subbtantially as a winter storm front passed. Also, laboratory simulation of resuspension by stirring the supernatant seawater over a clay-rich core produced similar increase in silica and nitrate plus nitrite, with ammonia being the apparent precursor to the nitrate and nitrite. Most of the nutrient increase appeared to come from previously deposited sediments in the early stages of resuspension. Using the ratios of nutrients released to sediments resuspended, calculations indicate that resuspension of as little as 1 mm of shelf sediment could intermittenly augment overlying productivity by as much as 100 to 200%. Thus, resuspension may accelerate nutrient recycling on continental margins.
Chinua Achebe and the Post-colonial Esthetic: Writing, Identity, and National Formation

La quete esthetique d'A. repose sur une alternative a l'imperialisme occidental, favorisee par l'evolution post/coloniale des discours sur la representation et l'identite nationale
Protein Kinase C activation in the heart: Effects on calcium and contractile proteins

Background Cardiac contractile function is dependent on the energetic state of the heart, intracellular calcium levels, and the interaction of the contractile proteins with both adenosine triphosphate and calcium. Protein kinase C (PKC) is a ubiquitous intracellular mediator that has been found in the heart and has been shown to phosphorylate proteins that regulate calcium homeostasis (calcium channels) and the contractile proteins themselves (troponin I and troponin T). Methods To determine the role of PKC activation on cardiac contractile function, direct activation of PKC was achieved by the infusion of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, an activating phorbol ester. The effects of PKC activation were evaluated in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. Contractile function, high-energy phosphate content (phosphorous-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), oxygen consumption, and intracellular calcium levels (calcium fluorescent dye Rhod-2) were determined. Results Activation of PKC in the heart by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic function while oxygen consumption and adenosine triphosphate production remained unchanged. Both baseline and peak intracellular calcium levels decreased, which may contribute to the impaired systolic function. Conclusions Activation of PKC in the heart leads to significant loss of contractile function without affecting energetics. The effect is most likely due to alteration in cytosolic calcium regulation and altered contractile sensitivity to calcium.
Recent developments in rf superconductivity for high-brightness and high-gradient ion beam accelerators

Recent progress in on-going development program leading to the design of superconducting continuous-wave (cw) linear accelerators for high-brightness ion beams is reviewed. A new spoke-resonator geometry incorporating a half-wavelength resonant line was fabricated and tested. This geometry serves as the basis for the constituent cavities of a superconducting section being designed for high-current testing with a deuterium beam. Considerable progress has been made in the design of this section. A multi-phased program leading to the development of a superconducting radio-frequency quadrupole (SCRFQ) has been initiated. Design considerations and test results from the various activities are presented.
Getting an Early Start: Communication about Sexuality among Mothers and Children 6-10 Years Old.

Abstract Little information exists on communication about sexuality between parents and preadolescent children. This study collected qualitative data on family sexuality communication from 3 focus groups conducted with African American mothers of 6-10 year old children. Two broad themes emerged from the data: “Beyond the Birds and the Bees” and “Let's Talk about Sex. But How?” These themes are discussed in terms of previous literature and implications for sexuality education and research.
Functional and Anatomical Aspects of Prefrontal Pathology in Schizophrenia

Clinical and experimental research have provided anatomical, pharmacological, and behavioral evidence for a prominent prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia. Negative symptoms and behavioral disorganization in the disorder can be understood as a failure in the working memory functions of the prefrontal cortex by which information is updated on a moment-to-moment basis or retrieved from long-term stores, held in mind, and used to guide behavior by ideas, concepts, and stored knowledge. This article recounts efforts to dissect the cellular and circuit basis of working memory with the goal of extending the insights gained from the study of normal brain organization in animal models to an understanding of the clinical disorder; it includes recent neuropathological findings that indicate that neural dystrophy rather than cell loss predominates in schizophrenia. Evidence from a variety of studies is accumulating to indicate that dopamine has a major role in regulating the excitability of the cortical neurons upon which the working memory function of the prefrontal cortex depends. Interactions between monoamines and a compromised cortical circuitry may hold the key to the salience of frontal lobe symptoms in schizophrenia, in spite of widespread pathological changes. We outline several direct and indirect intercellular mechanisms for modulating working memory function in the prefrontal cortex based on the localization of dopamine receptors on the distal dendrites and spines of glutamatergic pyramidal cells and on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex. Understanding the interactions between the major cellular constituents of cortical circuits-pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells-is a necessary step in unraveling the receptor mechanisms, which could lead to an effective pharmacological treatment of negative and cognitive symptoms, as well as improved insight into the pathophysiological basis of the disorder.
In Vitro Exposure to Highly Cytopathic HIV-1 X4 Strains Increases Expression of Mucosa-Associated Integrins on CD4+ T Cells

To determine whether infection with HIV-1 strains of different tropisms would influence expression of the mucosa-associated integrins α4β7 and αEβ7 or the lymph node homing receptor L-selectin on peripheral T lymphocytes, cells were infected with the CXCR4-tropic (X4)/syncytium-inducing (SI) HIV-1IIIB strain or with X4/SI or CCR5-tropic (R5)/non-SI (NSI) primary human isolates. Flow cytometric analyses of CD4+ T cells from cultures infected with HIV-1IIIB and one X4/SI primary HIV-1 isolate revealed a significant increase in surface expression of α4β7 and αEβ7 12 days after infection. L-selectin expression was not significantly affected on CD4+ T cells. However, infection with another X4/SI and two R5/NSI primary HIV-1 isolates did not significantly alter homing receptor expression on CD4+ T cells. Since a higher degree of CD4 cytopathicity occurred in those cultures having increased integrin expression, these data suggest that significantly altered mucosal homing receptor expression on CD4+ T cells may result as a “bystander” effect after infection with some cytopathic isolates of HIV-1.
Autoreactive murine Th1 and Th2 cells kill syngeneic macrophages and induce autoantibodies.

D10 cells, a cloned Th2 line, become autoreactive following treatment with DNA methylation inhibitors like 5-azacytidine (5-azaC), and induce anti-DNA antibodies if injected into unirradiated syngenic mice. The mechanism by which the autoreactive cells break tolerance is unknown. To further define effector functions required, we asked if 5-azaC-treated Th1 cells could also induce autoimmunity. AE7 cells, a cloned Th1 line, were treated with 5-azaC and shown to become autoreactive and induce anti-DNA antibodies in vivo. Comparison of effector mechanisms demonstrated that the two cell lines secreted a distinct repertoire of cytokines, and that only killing of syngeneic Mo was common to both AE7 and D10 cells. This suggests that Mo killing may be an early step in the induction of anti-DNA antibodies, providing antigenic nucleosomes and decreasing clearance of apoptotic material. Secretion of cytokines promoting B cell differentiation may play a role, but no one cytokine is required.
Stratus and Fog Products Using GOES-8–9 3.9-μm Data

Abstract Using data from the GOES-8–9 imager, this paper discusses the potential for consistent, around-the-clock image products that can trace the movement and evolution of low, stratiform clouds. In particular, the paper discusses how bispectral image sequences based on the shortwave (3.9 μm) and longwave (10.7 μm) infrared channels can be developed for this purpose. These sequences can be animated to produce useful loops. The techniques address several problems faced by operational forecasters in the tracking of low clouds. Low clouds are often difficult or impossible to detect at night because of the poor thermal contrast with the background on infrared images. During the day, although solar reflection makes low, stratiform clouds bright on GOES visible images, it is difficult to distinguish low clouds from adjacent ground snowcover or dense cirrus overcasts. The shortwave infrared channel often gives a superior delineation of low clouds on images because water droplets produce much higher reflectance...
Overlapping modal and geometric symmetries for computing jet-engine inlet scattering

By examining the scattering from a cylindrical inlet terminated by a fan-like structure possessing discrete angular symmetry, it is found that only very limited intermodal coupling is possible. This fact is exploited in a hybrid finite element/modal scheme to develop a very efficient solution where only one slice of the geometry need be modeled. It is shown that a phase boundary condition at the interior walls of the mesh is sufficient for the complete solution of the problem. The implementation of the phase boundary condition is detailed for the full three-dimensional case, including special considerations for enforcing the boundary conditions along the axis. A simple example is shown for the sliced, hybrid finite element/modal scheme to validate the method. >
Practical motion control modeling and PI design

Using a typical motion control system consisting of a motor and a load as a vehicle, certain practical issues on the modeling, control design, and uncertainty compensation for this kind of systems are discussed and some of the well known facts/rules-of-thumb in practice are revisited.
Concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in transplacental ultrafiltrate in sheep.

1. Maternal blood was made transiently hypertonic by rapid I.V. infusion of a concentrated mannitol solution into pregnant ewes bearing lambs with an indwelling flow sensor and vascular catheters. 2. The transplacental flows of water and of Na+ and Cl- were calculated from the umbilical arteriovenous differences in the concentrations of 125I-labelled albumin and electrolytes, and the fetal placental blood flow. 3. The reflection coefficients of Na+ and Cl- were calculated by means of the Patlak equation and found to be 0.85 +/- 0.04 and 0.68 +/- 0.04 (means +/- S.E.M.). The filtration coefficient was 1.02 x 10(-7) +/- 0.12 x 10(-7) cm5 dyne-1 s-1. 4. The results fitted best to an equivalent pore radius in the placental barrier smaller than the currently accepted 0.44 nm but not less than 0.35 nm.
Optimal and predicted anxiety in 9-12-year-old track and field athletes

In an effort to determine the applicability of individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF) theory in young athletes, state anxiety was assessed in 40 track and field athletes (20 male and 20 female) from 9 to 12 years of age. Optimal anxiety was determined by having participants complete the state-trait anxiety scale for children (STAIC) with instructions to recall how anxious they felt prior to their best performance of the season. Twenty-four hours prior to three 'more important' and three 'less important' track meets, participants completed the STAIC under instructions to predict how anxious they would feel 1 h prior to the upcoming track meet. Actual precompetition anxiety was assessed 1 h prior to each meet. Self-ratings of performance were collected following each meet in which the athletes competed. Athletes were grouped by age (younger, 9-10 years old); (older, 11-12 years old) and by gender for analysis. Analysis by independent t-tests indicated that predicted and actual precompetition anxiety values did not differ for either age or gender for the more important meets. However, the 11-12-year-old girls had higher (P 0.05). Of all the participants, 26% reported performing best when anxiety values were in the high range. Self-ratings of performance were not lower (P>0.05) in cases in which the athlete experienced high levels of precompetition anxiety. In summary, the present findings indicate that several aspects of IZOF theory apply to preadolescent athletes.
The pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) method: a new algorithm for solutions of Maxwell's equations

We have developed a pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) algorithm to simulate electromagnetic waves in inhomogeneous, conductive media. It requires only two grids per wavelength because the Fourier transform (through an FFT algorithm) is used to represent spatial derivatives. The wrap-around effect caused by the use of FFT is eliminated by using Berenger's perfectly matched layers (PML). Numerical experiments show that for the same accuracy in the PSTD method with two grids per wavelength, Yee's FDTD algorithm requires 8-16 grids per wavelength. Hence, the PSTD method is 4/sup D/-8/sup D/ times more efficient than FDTD methods (D is the dimensionality of the problem). The PSTD method is ideal for parallel computation of large-scale problems since both the FFT and the PML are well-suited for parallelization.
Nonlinear interactions and energy exchange between liquid sloshing modes

Abstract Non-stationary effects of the resonance energy exchange between liquid sloshing modes for square-base tanks are analyzed in terms of new descriptive variables namely energy partition and coherency (phase shift) indexes. In particular, it is shown that such a couple represents conjugate variables of an effective Hamiltonian system whose phase plane captures all possible effects of the modal interaction. Furthermore, the presence of damping affects only the temporal scale of the dynamics but still preserves the Hamiltonian structure of equations that provides the existence of first integral. As a result, analytical solution for the nonlinear interaction of predominant modes is obtained in quadratures. The dynamic properties of the modal interaction are controlled by a single parameter which depends upon the fluid depth. Transitions of the phase plane diagram reveal that, above some critical depth, the diagonal in-phase and out-of-phase sloshing modes disappear while only clockwise and counterclockwise swirling, and running phase modes are possible. Whereas the quadratures are invertible within the class of elliptic functions, an explicit solution for the important critical case is obtained in terms of elementary functions. The approach is illustrated on the sloshing model for a square-base tank suggested by Ikeda et al. (T. Ikeda, R.A. Ibrahim, Y. Harata, T. Kuriyama, Nonlinear liquid sloshing in a square tank subjected to obliquely horizontal excitation, J. Fluid Mech., 700 (2012) 304–328.) However, formulated in general terms of coupled oscillators, the approach seems to have a wider area of applicability dealing with non-stationary effects of resonance interactions with nonlinear beating effects in physics and classical mechanics.
Age and Correlation of the Eocene Ulatisian and Narizian Stages, California: Discussion

The review of the Narizian and Ulatisian benthonic foraminiferal Stages of California by Steineck and Gibson (1971) contains undocumented assumptions concerning the correlation of the Stages. Published data are misquoted or misinterpreted. Conclusions are drawn which do not follow from the data presented. The planktonic faunules reported by Steineck and Gibson are compatible with the foraminiferal Stages of Mallory (1959); no time transgression of either benthonic or planktonic foraminiferal zonations is indicated from the data they present. The Narizian plus the lower Refugian Stages are equivalent to upper Eocene in California usage. The very precise assignments of Steineck and Gibson such as “late early Eocene to early middle Eocene” for the Ulatisian Stage are without basis in either fact or principle.
Single‐Cell‐Level Microplasma Cancer Therapy

A flexible microplasma endoscope based on a 15 μm hollow-core glass optical fiber is fabricated, and tumor cell apoptotic analysis supports its potential use in targeted cancer therapies. The optical-fiber microplasma jet reveals antitumor activity at a certain plasma dose in animal studies.
Remarks on the Psychology of Clothes.

(1906). Remarks on the Psychology of Clothes. The Pedagogical Seminary: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 61-83.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of Ethyl Acetate to Produce Ethanol

The hydrogenation of ethyl acetate to produce ethanol has been studied, first in scoping runs with a commercial catalyst and then with a Degussa H10167 copper chromite catalyst. Both catalysts exhibit good stability with the Degussa catalyst maintaining constant conversion levels for over 3,000 h; however, some as yet unidentified factor impacts the aging character of the catalyst. Acetic acid is a catalyst poison so that each 1 % vol. of acid in the liquid feed decreased the conversion of ethyl acetate by 8 %. This decrease appears to be due to the acid being hydrogenated more slowly than the ester since, at lower concentrations, the acid is completely converted. Even at high (90 %) total conversion, the selectivity for ethanol is 93 % or higher.
Developing a "High-Impact" Industry Advisory Board

Virtually all academic programs in any accredited discipline are required to have an Industry Advisory Board (IAB). It must be noted that the term “IAB” is generic in nature and refers to any Industry Advisory Board, Committee, Council, or otherwise named advisory group. The sole purpose of any IAB is to add value to their associated academic program. An IAB has no legislative, administrative, or programmatic authority. The role of an IAB is advisory, exclusively. IAB members are volunteers who work cooperatively with the academic program and administration in an effort to share their expert knowledge of career-related tasks and professional competency requirements within the academic discipline. However, not all IAB’s operates at a high-level of effectiveness or efficiency. In general, a “High-Impact” IAB has the required organizational structure to effectively develop and deliver their “best practices” with associated quality systems for the benefit of the academic program and the IAB. In order to clearly define and quantify IAB organizational structure and operating procedures, the IAB Growth Management Model (GMM) has been developed which is based on fundamental management and organizational theories and leadership/management models (1) (7) (8). The basic hypotheses of the IAB GMM state that: 1.) IAB Outcomes are a function of IAB Managerial Proficiency, 2.) IAB Outcomes are defined as the number and quality of “best practices” conducted by an IAB (2), 3.) Managerial Proficiency represents the IAB Organizational Structure and Staffing, the IAB Planning Systems, and the IAB Quality Systems; and 4.) an increase in IAB Outcomes or quality of IAB Outcomes necessitates an increase in IAB Managerial Proficiency. The primary goal of this paper is to enhance the Managerial Proficiency of an IAB which is attempting to increase or improve IAB Outcomes (best practices). Purpose of an IAB The sole purpose of any IAB is to add value to their associated academic program. An IAB has no legislative, administrative, or programmatic authority (3). The role of an IAB is advisory, exclusively. IAB members are volunteers who work cooperatively with the academic program and administration in an effort to share their expert knowledge of career-related tasks and professional competency requirements within the academic discipline. An IAB exists to advise, assist, and support & advocate for their associated academic program and the constituents of that program, as outlined below.  Advise – IAB’s assess specific areas of the academic program. Suggestions designed to improve specific content areas could include: reviewing program goals and objectives, incorporating industry standards into the course material, and suggesting materials and equipment needed to update the laboratories. Suggestions should be presented in writing to the academic administrators of the program and the college.
Protective role of testosterone in ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury

Men are at greater risk for renal injury and dysfunction after acute ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) than are women. Studies in animals suggest that the reason for the sex difference in renal injury and dysfunction after I/R is the protective effect of estrogens in females. However, a reduction in testosterone in men is thought to play an important role in mediating cardiovascular and renal disease, in general. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that I/R of the kidney reduces serum testosterone, and that contributes to renal dysfunction and injury. Male rats that were subjected to renal ischemia of 40 min followed by reperfusion had a 90% reduction in serum testosterone by 3 h after reperfusion that remained at 24 h. Acute infusion of testosterone 3 h after reperfusion attenuated the increase in plasma creatinine and urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) at 24 h, prevented the reduction in outer medullary blood flow, and attenuated the increase in intrarenal TNF-α and the decrease in intrarenal VEGF at 48 h. Castration of males caused greater increases in plasma creatinine and KIM-1 at 24 h than in intact males with renal I/R, and treatment with anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, plus testosterone almost normalized plasma creatinine and KIM-1 in rats with renal I/R. These data show that renal I/R is associated with sustained reductions in testosterone, that testosterone repletion protects the kidney, whereas castration promotes renal dysfunction and injury, and that the testosterone-mediated protection is not conferred by conversion to estradiol.
Teacher and peer responsivity to pro‐social behaviour of high aggressors in preschool

Naturally occurring aggressive and pro‐social behaviour among 12 preschool children was examined in relation to teacher and peer responsiveness. A standardized real‐time direct observational protocol was used in the context of a repeated measures design to measure the frequency and sequences of aggressive and pro‐social behaviour of target children. Teacher and peer responses to target children's pro‐social and aggressive behaviour were also measured. Based on the summary‐level analysis of the frequency data, children were categorized as high and low aggressors. Based on the sequential‐level analysis, teachers were more likely to respond to the pro‐social behaviour of low rather than high aggressors. Peers were equally likely to respond to pro‐social behaviour from target children in either category. These results indicate that early aggressive behaviour in a preschool context may negatively influence the likelihood of positive social exchanges with teachers and suggest the importance teacher response may...
Roles of the C Terminus of Armadillo in Wingless Signaling in Drosophila

Drosophila melanogaster Armadillo and its vertebrate homolog beta-catenin play multiple roles during development. Both are components of cell-cell adherens junctions and both transduce Wingless (Wg)/Wnt intercellular signals. The current model for Wingless signaling proposes that Armadillo binds the DNA-binding protein dTCF, forming a bipartite transcription factor that activates Wingless-responsive genes. In this model, Armadillo's C-terminal domain is proposed to serve an essential role as a transcriptional activation domain. In Xenopus, however, overexpression of C-terminally truncated beta-catenin activates Wnt signaling, suggesting that the C-terminal domain might not be essential. We reexamined the function of Armadillo's C terminus in Wingless signaling. We found that C-terminally truncated mutant Armadillo has a deficit in Wg-signaling activity, even when corrected for reduced protein levels. However, we also found that Armadillo proteins lacking all or part of the C terminus retain some signaling ability if overexpressed, and that mutants lacking different portions of the C-terminal domain differ in their level of signaling ability. Finally, we found that the C terminus plays a role in Armadillo protein stability in response to Wingless signal and that the C-terminal domain can physically interact with the Arm repeat region. These data suggest that the C-terminal domain plays a complex role in Wingless signaling and that Armadillo recruits the transcriptional machinery via multiple contact sites, which act in an additive fashion.
Estrogen Signaling via a Linear Pathway Involving Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor to Activate Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

We present an integrated model of an extranuclear, estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha)-mediated, rapid MAPK activation pathway in breast cancer cells. In noncancer cells, IGF-I initiates a linear process involving activation of the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), release of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), and activation of EGF receptor (EGFR)-dependent MAPK. 17beta-Estradiol (E2) rapidly activates IGF-IR in breast cancer cells. We hypothesize that E2 induces a similar linear pathway involving IGF-IR, MMP, HB-EGF, EGFR, and MAPK. Using MCF-7 breast cancer cells, we for the first time demonstrated that a sequential activation of IGF-IR, MMP, and EGFR existed in E2 and IGF-I actions, which was supported by evidence that the selective inhibitors of IGF-IR and MMP or knockdown of IGF-IR all inhibited E2- or IGF-I-induced EGFR phosphorylation. Using the inhibitors and small inhibitory RNA strategies, we also demonstrated that the same sequential activation of the receptors occurred in E2-, IGF-I-, but not EGF-induced MAPK phosphorylation. Additionally, a HB-EGF neutralizing antibody significantly blocked E2-induced MAPK activation, further supporting our hypothesis. The biological effects of sequential activation of IGF-IR and EGFR on E2 stimulation of cell proliferation were also investigated. Knockdown or blockade of IGF-IR significantly inhibited E2- or IGF-I-stimulated but not EGF-induced cell growth. Knockdown or blockade of EGFR abrogated cell growth induced by E2, IGF-I, and EGF, indicating that EGFR is a downstream molecule of IGF-IR in E2 and IGF-I action. Together, our data support the novel view that E2 can activate a linear pathway involving the sequential activation of IGF-IR, MMP, HB-EGF, EGFR, and MAPK.