cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Lipid Peroxidation in the Pathogenesis of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury

The effect of carbon tetrachloride on lipid peroxidation and protein synthesis has been studied in rat liver. In liver microsomes, no correlation could be found in vitro between the degree of lipid peroxidation and protein synthesis. Stimulation of peroxidation by CCl 4 , ultraviolet irradiation, or ascorbic acid, or inhibition of peroxidation by vitamin K, did not affect the rate of protein synthesis. Despite large changes in the degree of lipid peroxidation in vitro , ribosomes remained bound to microsomal membranes. The administration of antioxidant in vivo , such as N,N ’-diphenyl- p -phenylenediamine or α-tocopherol, prevented the fatty liver and necrosis produced by CCl 4 , but did not reverse the inhibition of protein synthesis in liver slices or isolated polyribosomes derived from such animals. Since the formation and release of hepatic hipoproteins involve many steps, including triglyceride synthesis, interaction with apoprotein, and release or secretion of lipoprotein from the liver, it is possible that antioxidants act at some stage other than apoprotein synthesis per se. It is concluded that the demonstration of lipid peroxidation in vitro may not always imply functional damage to the subcellular component so oxidized. In particular, while CCl 4 administered in vivo clearly decreases protein synthesis, there may not be a direct relationship between this effect and the degree of lipid peroxidation.
Legislative and Administrative Proposals Re Inversions - Letter to the Honorable Jacob J. Lew, Mark Mazur, Danielle Rolfes, William Wilkins and Robert Stack

In this letter I set out several proposals the Treasury should undertake in dealing with inversion transactions.
PAT and the Future of Biotechnology.

One of the important outcomes of CDER's 21st Century GMP initiative was the 2004 PAT guidance: “PAT—A Framework for Innovative Pharmaceutical Development, Manufacturing, and Quality Assurance.” Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is a system for designing, analyzing, and controlling
Physiological mechanisms integrating metabolism and reproduction

This chapter provides an overview of the physiological mechanisms integrating metabolism and reproduction. The reproductive system of some mammals is more sensitive than others to reductions in energy availability. Of the various factors that dictate an animal's sensitivity to energetic challenges, three are significant—sex, body size, and domestication. The reproductive function is influenced by short-term alterations in metabolic status. The rapidity with which the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis responds to an improved metabolic state is illustrated by multiple observations that pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion commences or resumes within minutes to hours after food-restricted prepubertal or adult animals are given unlimited access to food. In addition to the metabolic factors, a variety of other hormones has been implicated in relaying metabolic cues to the neuroendocrine reproductive axis, including growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, and glucocorticoids. Based on their anatomical distribution pattern, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons appear to be ideally situated to directly detect metabolic fuels and hormones that enter the brain from the systemic circulation.
Cognitive Assessment System (CAS)

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the use and interpretation of the Cognitive Assessment System. In writing this chapter I will encourage practitioners to take a technological step from traditional IQ tests to a modern approach to ability and its measurement. I view the CAS as a new technology that reflects advances made in psychology during the past 50 years and a tool that propels the field into the twenty-first century. The CAS is based on a strong theory and at the same time incorporates what has been learned in applied psychology and especially psychometrics. Most importantly, research presented in this chapter will show that the CAS is highly related to achievement, yields PASS profiles that are diagnostically important, and is relevant to intervention.
Model-based design for rapid controller prototyping of Furuta pendulum: A case study using low-cost hardware

The Furuta pendulum (rotary pendulum) is an example of a complex nonlinear oscillator. In this paper, we demonstrate how MATLAB and Simulink can be used for rapid prototyping of control strategies. A mathematical model of the system is derived using Euler-Lagrange equations. The benefits and drawbacks of using physical modeling and traditional mathematical analysis techniques are discussed. A model of the pendulum with LEGO MINDSTORMS hardware is used to validate the mathematically derived control strategies and the simulation models.
Motives to drink alcohol among individuals with body dysmorphic disorder

Abstract Lifetime prevalence rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are high. However, no studies have examined drinking motives using a standardized measure. This study examined drinking motives and clinical correlates in 101 adults with lifetime BDD who completed the Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Scores for drinking to cope with negative affect were 1.6 SD units higher than published community sample scores, followed by enhancement (1.1 SD units higher) and social motives (0.5 SD units higher). Participants reported drinking sometimes, often, or almost always/always because body image concerns were upsetting (49.5%), to forget about body image concerns (52.5%), or to feel more comfortable about their appearance around others (59.4%). Both coping and enhancement motives were strongly associated with drinking because body image concerns were upsetting. Coping motives were also positively associated with lifetime BDD severity and attempted suicide. These findings suggest that drinkingin BDD is often used to cope with distress over body image concerns.
Human innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in filarial infections

Filarial infections are characteristically chronic and can cause debilitating diseases governed by parasite-induced innate and adaptive immune responses. Filarial parasites traverse or establish niches in the skin (migrating infective larvae), in nonmucosal tissues (adult parasite niche) and in the blood or skin (circulating microfilariae) where they intersect with the host immune response. While several studies have demonstrated that filarial parasites and their antigens can modulate myeloid cells (monocyte, macrophage and dendritic cell subsets), T- and B-lymphocytes and skin resident cell populations, the role of innate lymphoid cells during filarial infections has only recently emerged. Despite the identification and characterization of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in murine helminth infections, little is actually known about the role of human ILCs during parasitic infections. The focus of this review will be to highlight the composition of ILCs in the skin, lymphatics and blood; where the host-parasite interaction is well-defined and to examine the role of ILCs during filarial infections.
Jean-Luc Marion: the reinscription of heteronormativity into postmodern theology

ABSTRACTSince the “theological turn” in continental philosophy, theologians have regularly turned to phenomenology as an authentic opening to a new mode of theological discourse. Yet, when these theo-phenomenological discourses turn to the questions of sexuality, gender, and love they often fail to live up to the radical opening promised by this turn. Taken as a case study, the work of Jean-Luc Marion is emblematic of this failure. While many of his insights might offer new openings for theological thought, his phenomenological speculations nonetheless often merely serve to re-inscribe a traditional, even reactionary heteronormativity into the heart of postmodern theological thought. In fact, it is not uncommon to catch his work offering a denigration of the body, presupposing a determinately male subject, and foreclosing the very possibility of non-heterosexual love. This critical examination of Marion’s account of sexuality shows that even the most radical phenomenological theology needs the ideological...
CERENKOV: Computational Elucidation of the Regulatory Noncoding Variome

We describe a novel computational approach, CERENKOV (Computational Elucidation of the REgulatory NonKOding Variome), for discriminating regulatory single nucleotide polymorphisms (rSNPs) from non-regulatory SNPs within noncoding genetic loci. CERENKOV is specifically designed for recognizing rSNPs in the context of a post-analysis of a genome-wide association study (GWAS); it includes a novel accuracy scoring metric (which we call average rank, or AVGRANK) and a novel cross-validation strategy (locus-based sampling) that both correctly account for the "sparse positive bag" nature of the GWAS post-analysis rSNP recognition problem. We trained and validated CERENKOV using a reference set of 15,331 SNPs (the OSU17 SNP set) whose composition is based on selection criteria (linkage disequilibrium and minor allele frequency) that we designed to ensure relevance to GWAS post-analysis. CERENKOV is based on a machine-learning algorithm (gradient boosted decision trees) incorporating 246 SNP annotation features that we extracted from genomic, epigenomic, phylogenetic, and chromatin datasets. CERENKOV includes novel features based on replication timing and DNA shape. We found that tuning a classifier for AUPVR performance does not guarantee optimality for AVGRANK. We compared the validation performance of CERENKOV to nine other methods for rSNP recognition (including GWAVA, RSVP, DeltaSVM, DeepSEA, Eigen, and DANQ), and found that CERENKOV's validation performance is the strongest out of all of the classifiers that we tested, by both traditional global rank-based measures (〈AUPVR〉 = 0.506; 〈AUROC〉 = 0.855) and AVGRANK (〈AVGRANK〉 = 3.877). The source code for CERENKOV is available on GitHub and the SNP feature data files are available for download via the CERENKOV website.
An Analytical Approximation for a Common Ultrasonic Grain Noise Diffraction Integral

The scattering of sound from small inhomogeneities in a medium often plays an important role in ultrasonic inspection. For example, backscattered grain noise in metals can be a useful tool for characterizing the metal microstructure: the noise can be analyzed to deduce a backscatter coefficient, η, which carries information about the distribution of grain sizes and orientations [1]. On the other hand, backscattered grain noise can limit the detect- ability of small or subtle defects in metals. However, if η is known, one can estimate the level of noise likely to be present in a given inspection, and subsequently estimate the probability of detecting a given defect in the presence of noise [2].
The Changing Effectiveness of Local Civic Action: The Critical Nexus of Community and Organization:

We examine changes in the effectiveness of local civic action in relation to changes over time in racial diversity and income inequality. Local civic action comprises situations in which community members come together—typically with support from local organizations—to address common issues. The collective orientation of local civic action makes it sensitive to changes in local social conditions. As these changes unfold, local organizations become differentially able to support civic action. Here, our core argument features the process through which community members associate with different local organizations and how mandated versus voluntary association results in distinct responses to increased social and economic heterogeneity. We test this argument using three decades of data describing local campaigns of the annual Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF program. A baseline model shows that within-county increases in racial diversity and income inequality are associated with diminished campaign effectiveness. Su...
Impact of high intensity interval exercise on executive function and brain derived neurotrophic factor in healthy college aged males.

Abstract Background Prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent executive function is enhanced immediately following high intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is considered a biomarker associated with enhanced execute functioning capacity at rest and in response to exercise. However, the mechanisms responsible for the acute exercise-induced BDNF response in plasma and serum differ, and it is likely that the utilization of BDNF in plasma and/or serum as a biomarker of improved executive function following HIIE may be limited. Therefore, this study examined the impact of HIIE on the plasma and serum BDNF response to understand the efficaciousness of BDNF as a peripheral biomarker associated with improvements in PFC-dependent executive function. Thirteen healthy males (age: 23.62 ± 1.06 years) participated in a randomized, counterbalanced study, performing the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) immediately following a 5-minute seated rest (control) and participation in a HIIE protocol administered two weeks apart. HIIE consisted of ten maximal bouts of all out pedaling on a cycle ergometer for 20 s (separated by 10 s of active recovery) against 5.5% of the subject's body weight. Whole blood was collected for the assessment of BDNF in both plasma and serum. Compared to the control session, HIIE elicited significant improvements in WCST performance, yet improvements in PFC-dependent executive function were independent of BDNF concentrations in plasma and serum. Results from this investigation demonstrate that a single session of low-volume, supramaximal HIIE significantly increases PFC-dependent executive function, thereby providing additional evidence to support the powerful benefits on HIIE on cognitive functioning.
Measuring Reuse of Digital Objects: Preliminary Findings from the IMLS-funded Project

The first step of the Developing a Framework for Measuring Reuse of Digital Objects project involved a survey identifying how cultural heritage organizations currently assess digital library reuse, barriers to assessing reuse, and community priorities for potential solutions and next steps. This poster offers initial analysis of the survey results.
Wo soll es lang gehen? Beispiele!

Eine Familie mochte von Rosenheim/Erlenau nach Kumhausen sudlich von Landshut fahren. Eine schnelle und bequeme Fahrt ist erwunscht. Wie sieht die beste Fahrtroute aus?
The dangerous patient exception to the psychotherapist-patient privilege: the Tarasoff duty and the Jaffee footnote.

With the U.S. Supreme Court's 1996 decision in Jaffee v. Redmond, all U.S. jurisdictions have now adopted some form of evidentiary privilege for confidential statements by patients to psychotherapists for the purpose of seeking treatment. The majority of states, following the decision of the Supreme Court of California in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, have also adopted some form of duty by psychotherapists to breach confidentiality and warn potential victims against foreseeable violence by their patients. Largely unresolved is whether there should be a dangerous patient exception to the evidentiary privilege parallel to the Tarasoff exception to confidentiality. This Article argues that exception to the evidentiary privilege should be evaluated separately from the exception to confidentiality. Whether or not a Tarasoff duty to warn existed at an earlier time, exception to the evidentiary privilege should be made only where psychotherapists' testimony is necessary to prevent future harm to patients or identified potential victims. Applying this standard, the dangerous patient exception generally would not apply in criminal actions against patients, but would apply only in proceedings for the purpose of protecting patients or third parties, such as restraining order hearings or proceedings to hospitalize patients. Language: en
Courts and the Tort-Contract Boundary in Product Liability

In this Article I address the appropriate source of liability in cases of injury between parties with a pre-injury contractual relationship. This applies to product liability (for direct purchasers, not for injured third parties) and also to medical malpractice. Since the parties do have a pre-injury relationship, they could contract ex ante for damages and liability standards through warranties and disclaimers; if they did so, then they would probably choose standards so that many fewer cases would be filed. The current legal system, behaving consistently with arguments made by Atiyah and Gilmore, instead treats these injuries as torts and handles them through product liability, leading to many additional cases. This means that consumers and producers are forced to accept the terms imposed by the courts, and there is no room for variation. The literature arguing for contractual treatments of such injuries is voluminous as is the literature arguing for the now traditional treatment as a tort, a very small sample of which is discussed below.
Medical Mistrust Influences Black Women’s Level of Engagement in BRCA1/2 Genetic Counseling and Testing

Clinical evidence supports the value of BRCA1/2 genetic counseling and testing for managing hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risk; however, BRCA1/2 genetic counseling and testing are underutilized among black women, and reasons for low use remain elusive. We examined the potential influence of sociocultural factors (medical mistrust, concerns about genetic discrimination) on genetic counseling and testing engagement in a sample of 100 black women at increased risk for carrying a BRCA1/2 mutation. Eligible participants fell into 1 of 3 groups: (1) healthy women with at least 1 first-degree relative affected by breast and/or ovarian cancer, (2) women diagnosed with breast cancer at age less than or equal to 50 years, and (3) women diagnosed with breast and/or ovarian cancer at age greater than or equal to 50 years with either 1 first-degree relative or 2 second-degree relatives with breast and/or ovarian cancer. Participants were recruited from clinical and community settings and completed a semistructured interview. Study variable relationships were examined using bivariate tests and multivariate regression analysis. As expected, genetic counseling and testing engagement among this sample was low (28%). After accounting for sociodemographic factors and self-efficacy (β = 0.37, p < .001), women with higher medical mistrust had lower genetic counseling and testing engagement (β = -0.26, p < .01). Community-level and individual interventions are needed to improve utilization of genetic counseling and testing among underserved women. Along with trust building between patients and providers, strategies should enhance women’s personal confidence. The impact of medical mistrust on the realization of the benefits of personalized medicine in minority populations should be further examined in future studies.
Maintenance of Gastrointestinal Integrity After Burn Injury with Specific Dietary Supplementation and Epidermal Growth Factor

One of the primary functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract mucosa after digestion and absorption of nutrients is to exclude endotoxin and bacteria from reaching the systemic circulation and distal organs, thus creating the possibility of sepsis. However, this property may be altered by certain conditions such as the presence or absence of intraluminal nutrients [1], hormones, and various types of injury [2–5]. Alterations in GI mucosal structure and function may lead to bacterial translocation (BT), which may increase infectious morbidity and mortality in this group of patients [6].
Does chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy increase the risk of multiple cancers? A pilot study at University of Florida, Jacksonville—2011-2016.

e13559Background: We observe the occurrence of multiple cancers in patients diagnosed with one cancer. Individuals with cancer are at increased risk for subsequent tumours. This risk is multi-facto...
Constructing Multi-Religious Identity: A Narrative Self Approach

In recent years, a number of pastoral theologians have explored the common reality of “multi-religious belongings.” Among those doing these studies are Duane Bidwell (2008, 2015), Emmanuel Lartey (...
Emerging approaches in pediatric mechanical ventilation.

Introduction: The use of mechanical ventilation is an invaluable tool in caring for critically ill patients. Enhancing our capabilities in mechanical ventilation has been instrumental in the abilit...
Mental Illness, Not Obesity Status, is Associated with Food Insecurity Among the Elderly in the Health and Retirement Study.

Objectives: Food insecurity, limited or uncertain access to adequate nutrition, is an increasingly recognized determinant of health outcomes and is often associated with having obesity. It is uncle...
Optimization of the Channels Selection and Classification Accuracy Based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy in BCI System

In electroencephalogram (EEG) brain-computer interfaces (BCI), multichannel EEG is generally used to improve the classification accuracy. However, the performance of systems degrades when the number of channels is large. Therefore, how to select the suitable channels for classification of different motor imagery tasks by removing irrelevant or noisy channels becomes important. The optimal combination of channels selection method is presented in this paper. Based on the bias of the value of maximum mean discrepancy (MMD), every channel’s contribution score is obtained under right hand and right foot motor imagery tasks from BCI competition III. Then, a small number of channels are selected by the larger MMD scores. At last, the optimal combination of channels is resorted from them by looking for a threshold p, which is calculated by the highest classification accuracy rate based on the support vector machines (SVM). The results show that this method can not only reduce the number of channels with the classification accuracy in an acceptable range, and increase the rate of convergence with very few leads. The proposed p -SVM-MMD algorithm has a better performance in classification accuracy compared to the use of the fixed channels (C3, C4, and Cz) and multichannel.
Preliminaries to the study of single motor unit activity in speech musculature

Abstract: Study of single motor units in speech musculature appears to be the most direct approach to the understanding of neurophysiological processes underlying speech production. A number of hypotheses as to the processes controlling single motor unit activity are discussed, including the following. Motor units possess thresholds for recruitment into a muscle contraction that are directly related to motoneuron (and motor unit) size. Motor units in different muscles and in the same muscle possess characteristic firing frequencies which are inversely related to the duration of afterhyperpolarization of their motoneurons. Characteristic firing frequencies increase in the order: limb and trunk musculature, speech (or cranial) musculature, extraocular musculature. Higher firing frequencies appear to be associated with a greater number of possible states of contraction and an ability to change states more rapidly. Many motor units possess wide ranges of frequency of firing divided into two sub-ranges: the primary range of relatively low frequency firing, and the secondary range in which firing increases more for a given increase in input current. It seems unlikely that the tonic-phasic distinction is reflected in a dichotomy of patterns of firing frequency in units within the same muscle. Some initial studies of single motor unit activity in speech musculature are reported and discussed in terms of these hypotheses and a number of questions for further study are presented.
Characterizing the Physical Properties and Cell Compatibility of Phytoglycogen Extracted from Different Sweet Corn Varieties.

Owing to its unique structure and properties, the glucose dendrimer phytoglycogen is gaining interest for medical and biotechnology applications. Although many maize variants are available from commercial and academic breeding programs, most applications rely on phytoglycogen extracted from the common maize variant, sugary1. Here we characterized the solubility, hydrodynamic diameter, water-binding properties, protein contaminant concentration, and cytotoxicity of phytoglycogens from different maize sources, A632su1, A619su1, Wesu7, and Ia453su1, harboring various sugary1 mutants. A619su1-SW phytoglycogen was cytotoxic while A632su1-SW phytoglycogen was not. A632su1-Pu phytoglycogen promoted cell growth, whereas extracts from A632su1-NE, A632su1-NC, and A632su1-CM were cytotoxic. Phytoglycogen extracted from Wesu7su1-NE using ethanol precipitation was cytotoxic. Acid-treatment improved Wesu7 phytoglycogen cytocompatibility. Protease-treated Wesu7 extracts promoted cell growth. Phytoglycogen extracted from Ia453su1 21 days after pollination (“Ia435su1 21DAP”) was cytotoxic, whereas phytoglycogen extracted at 40 days (“Ia435su1 40DAP”) was not. In general, size and solubility had no correlation with cytocompatibility, whereas protein contaminant concentration and water-binding properties did. A632su1-CM had the highest protein contamination among A632 mutants, consistent with its higher cytotoxicity. Likewise, Ia435su1 21DAP phytoglycogen had higher protein contamination than Ia435su1 40DAP. Conversely, protease-treated Wesu7 extracts had lower protein contamination than the other Wesu7 extracts. A632su1-NE, A632su1-NC, and A632su1-CM had similar water-binding properties which differed from those of A632su1-Pu and A632su1-SW. Likewise, water binding differed between Ia435su1 21DAP and Ia435su1 40DAP. Collectively, these data demonstrate that maize phytoglycogen extracts are not uniformly cytocompatible. Rather, maize variant, plant genotype, protein contaminants, and water-binding properties are determinants of phytoglycogen cytotoxicity.
Drug Eluting Stents versus Bare Metal Stents for Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is one of the leading causes of late mortality among heart transplant recipients. Retransplantation, although considered the only definitive therapy, is not a feasible option for most patients. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug eluting stents (DES) or bare metal stents (BMS) has become a palliative, more accessible therapy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate clinical outcomes of DES vs BMS. Methods We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies evaluating therapeutic options for CAV, in particular publications comparing DES vs BMS. We identified 3112 potential eligible publications. Outcomes were compared using the random-effects model and heterogenicity examined via X2 ανδ I2 statistics. Results Eight retrospective studies were included in our analysis for a total of 469 patients who underwent PCI with stenting for CAV, resulting in treatment of 735 lesions. DES was associated with less in-stent restenosis (ISR) at 1-year (OR 0.37 95% CI 0.21-0.64, p = 0.0004) and less need for revascularization after initial intervention (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.12-0.47, p Conclusion Compared to PCI with BMS for cardiac allograft vasculopathy, the use of DES offers superior angiographic outcomes at follow-up. The use of DES is associated with sustained reductions in the incidence of in-stent restenosis and revascularization.
Mitochondria focused neurotherapeutics for spinal cord injury

The mitochondrion is a double membrane structured organelle involved in a variety of regulatory functions such as calcium signaling, production of adenosine triphosphate, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation, cell growth, and cell cycling. Impaired mitochondrial function is evident in various neurological disorders stemming from both acute and chronic neural injury. Herein, we review the role of mitochondrial regulation in maintaining cellular homeostasis, the consequences of their dysfunction in relation to pathophysiology after neurotrauma, approaches being used to promote their bioenergetic integrity for neuroprotection, and multifaceted methods being used to preserve/rescue their function following both traumatic brain and spinal cord injury.
Chapter 2 – Juvenile/Family Forensics

Publisher Summary The domain of juvenile forensic psychology examines the conduct of children and explains the reason for their deviant and law breaking acts. Juvenile offenders who appear before a judge in juvenile court are not seen or treated as immature children who deserve protection from the juvenile justice system. Instead juveniles accused of serious crimes are held accountable and punished. This has led to treating juvenile offenders the same as adult offenders, especially those charged with violent crimes. A major reason for the courts granting juveniles more rights is the belief that because of their age and inexperience they lack the ability and/or capacity to protect their own best interests. Psychologists maintain that a person can learn from his or her mistakes and succeed in life if placed in the right environment. It would be ideal for the courts, when holding a juvenile offender accountable, to consider if the juvenile had both a cognitive meaning and a behavioral meaning for his or her conduct. As more juveniles are waived to adult courts, forensic psychologists play an increasingly important role in educating the court about a juvenile's competency or capacity to function adequately in an adult system.
Chapter 37 – Ganymede and Callisto

Ganymede and Callisto are planet-sized moons of Jupiter, with surfaces composed of a mixture of dark dust and bright ice. Similar in size, they both have interiors of half ice and half rock/metal, but Ganymede's interior appears to be segregated by density, while Callisto's interior is mostly mixed. Both moons appear to have subsurface liquid water oceans sandwiched between low-pressure surface ice and high-pressure ice phases deep in their interiors. Ganymede has an intrinsic magnetic field, probably generated by dynamo action in a molten iron core. The surface of Callisto and part of the surface of Ganymede appear to be ancient, dominated by impact cratering and the slow decay of ice sublimating into the surrounding vacuum, leaving behind dark dust. Two-thirds of Ganymede's surface was rejuvenated during a dramatic event at some point in the middle of solar system history, by intense extensional tectonism and possibly cryovolcanism.
British Romanticism and the Resurgence of the History of Ideas

The publication of Timothy Michael’s British Romanticism and the Critique of Political Reason represents a landmark in the study of British Romantic literature. In 1953, M. H. Abrams published his ...
Neksus: An Interconnect for Heterogeneous System-In-Package Architectures

In the embedded systems industry today, skyrocketing design and manufacturing costs of Systems-on-Chip (SoCs) are key limiting factors for growth. Emerging 2.5D-based System-In-Package (SiP) architectures show potential to lower these costs by enabling the reuse of hard core units and providing higher manufacturing yields due to small chiplet sizes.In this paper, we present Neksus, a novel architecture designed to lower SiP manufacturing costs, support modular "plug-and-play" chiplet integration, and leverage the unique properties of interposers. Key to Neksus is a new dedicated interconnect chiplet that addresses the limitations of SiP packaging technology by leveraging direct communication over a mini-chain IP-connection topology. In addition to satisfying SiP technology constraints, because our mini-chain design provides high-bandwidth IP-to-IP communication, it is particularly well-suited for bandwidth-intensive mobile applications. Our evaluation shows Neksus provides up to 28% performance improvement and 31% energy savings over recent SiP architecture.
Expression of a quail bHLH transcription factor is associated with adrenergic development in trunk neural crest cultures.

1. Expression of the chick type 1 basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor GbHLH1.4 persists in several embryonic regions, including some where neural crest cells differentiate (Helms, J. A., et al., Mech. Dev.48:93–108, 1994.) We have cloned portions of the quail homologue (designated QbHLH) in order to investigate its expression and possible function in quail neural crest cultures. Three sets of polymerase chain reaction primers were used to amplify cDNA sequences encompassing much of the coding region outside the bHLH domain. Two of the primer sets amplified a single band from all quail and chick tissues tested. The third set of primers produced two bands, differing by a 72-base pair insertion, both of which which were present in all tissues assayed.
Experimental Demonstration of Higher-Order Topological States in Photonic Metasurfaces

We demonstrate and visualize the emergence of a topological transition and opening of a Dirac cone by directly exciting the bulk modes of the higher-order topological metasurface via solid-state immersion spectroscopy. The open nature of the metasurface is then utilized to directly image topological boundary states. We show that, while the topological domain walls host 1D edge states, their bending induces 0D higher-order topological modes confined to the corners.
Technical specifications of urban forests for air purification: A case study in Tokyo, Japan

Abstract Air pollutants removed by urban forests were calculated for 53 municipalities in Tokyo, Japan based on remotely sensed imagery of urban forest within each municipality as well as local air quality and weather data in 2016. Annual air pollutant removal for Tokyo was 961 tons/year (ranging from 408 to 1,786 tons/year), of which 52.9% was contributed by the urban area (special wards), while 47.1% was by the suburban/rural area (Tama municipalities). Spatial tendencies of the air pollutant removal were analyzed based on the comparisons between the annual results for the special wards and the Tama area. Temporal tendencies were also analyzed based on the comparisons among the monthly results. Based on the results, technical specifications of urban forests in terms of removing air pollutants were quantified annually and monthly in the municipalities. They are represented as pollutants’ mass removed per unit tree cover area (i.e., g/m2) per year or month. These technical specifications enable to provide quick and easy quantitative evaluations of urban forests of any size anywhere in Tokyo. They in turn allows the municipalities' green master plans to better address the functions and values of urban forests in more objective and quantitative ways, which may lead to a mutual understanding of its values between government officials and citizens.
Health Care Worker Violent Deaths in the Workplace: A Summary of Cases From the National Violent Death Reporting System.

Background:Violent workplace deaths among health care workers (HCWs) remain understudied in the extant literature despite the potential for serious long-term implications for staff and patient safe...
Successful Transcatheter Closure of a Rare Malaligned Atrial Septal Defect With a Membranous Chord.

Abstract Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital defect that leads to various hemodynamic complications if untreated. Transcatheter closure (TCC) of isolated secundum ASD is the preferred...
Current indications for the surgical treatment of prolactinomas

The purpose of this study was to examine the current indications for transsphenoidal surgery in the prolactinoma patient population, and to determine the outcomes of patients who undergo such operations. Transsphenoidal surgery may be indicated in prolactinoma patients who are resistant and/or intolerant to dopamine agonist (DA) therapy. We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of prolactinoma patients over a 6 year period (April 2008 to April 2014) at a large volume academic center. The median follow-up time was 12.0 months (range: 3-69). All patients who were included in the study (n=66) were treated with DA therapy and subsequently underwent an endonasal transsphenoidal operation. Of the 66 patients, 44 were women (mean age 34.2 years) and 22 were men (mean 41.7 years). There were 29 (43.9%) intolerant patients and 29 (43.9%) resistant patients. Postoperatively, 18 intolerant patients (66.7%) had normalized prolactin levels without the need for DA therapy, and five (17.2%) required DA to normalize their prolactin levels (p=0.02). Six patients (20.6%) had persistently elevated prolactin levels but were no longer receiving DA treatment (p<0.001). Postoperatively, 10 resistant patients (35.7%) had normal prolactin levels without DA therapy, and seven patients (25%) were treated with DA therapy to normalize their prolactin levels (p=0.22). Eight patients (28.6%) had supraphysiologic prolactin levels but were no longer taking a DA (p<0.001). Three patients (10.7%) were hyperprolactinemic, despite postoperative treatment with DA (p<0.001). After an appropriate treatment interval with multiple DA, radiographic follow-up, and careful clinical evaluation, prolactinoma patients can be offered surgery as an effective therapeutic option.
Performance of routing protocols in HF wireless networks

In this paper we compare the performance of the wireless address resolution and routing protocol (WARRP) and the Internet standard optimized link state rotating (OLSR) protocol (RFC-3626) over various topologies of the HF wide area network (HFWAN). WARRP was designed specifically for HF networks, in which network diameter seldom exceeds two hops, while OLSR is a general-purpose wireless routing protocol. We explore the effects of channel Impairments and node mobility on routing overhead and network performance
Trade Disclosure, Information Learning and Securities Market Performance

In this paper we examine the effect of information disclosure on securities market performance when liquidity traders are able to acquire information about inside trading. We show that the bid-ask spread increases with the liquidity trader's learning efficiency, which is greater when trade information is disclosed. The bid-ask spread is always higher when trade information is not disclosed. However, the discrepancy between the bid-ask spreads with and without information disclosure narrows when the learning efficiency increases. We also show that the gains of the informed traders in a market without trade information disclosure are reduced in the presence of the liquidity trader's learning. Nevertheless, liquidity traders do not necessarily benefit from increased transparency. In particular, liquidity traders may face higher trading costs.
A low pressure study of the reaction CH3/+/ + HCN yields CH3.HCN/+/ A case for radiative association

Abstract An ion cyclotron resonance investigation of the association reaction between CH + 3 and HCN from 1 × 10 −6 to 2 × 10 −2 Torr is reported. Results are interpreted in terms of an unstable excited intermediate (CH 3 · HCN + ) ∗ for which there are two stabilization channels Rate coefficients at 300 K for low pressure (radiative) and high pressure (collisional) association rates are 2 × 10 −10 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 and ≈ 5 × 10 −25 cm 6 molecule −2 s −1 , respectively
The Long and Short of the Vol Anomaly

On average, stocks with high prior-period volatility underperform those with low prior-period volatility, but that simple comparison paints an incomplete, and potentially misleading, picture. As we show, high volatility is an indicator of both positive and negative future abnormal performance. Among high volatility stocks, those with low short interest experience extraordinary positive returns, while those with high short interest experience equally extraordinary negative returns. Our results show that there is a surprisingly strong connection between the volatility and short interest puzzles and that studying the two together yields new and sharper insights into both.
Task planning and control synthesis for flexible assembly systems

The development of planning tools which facilitate computer-aided design of assembly systems is important to making the systems implementation process more efficient and cost-effective. Design of flexible assembly systems requires a representation of the assembly task, a planning strategy to select feasible assembly sequences, and a control synthesis procedure to schedule operations and resources. This paper describes a nonlinear planning approach which proposes feasible assembly sequences based on a relational model of part contacts and attachments. The resulting plans are consolidated into an AND/OR graph representation which provides a basis for efficient scheduling of operations. Scheduling efficiency using this representation is compared to fixed sequence and precedence graph representations for a simple example.
"The War is Going to Ignite": On the Anticipation of Violence in Lebanon

In this article, I elaborate on the constant anticipation of violence that runs deep within society in Lebanon. My objective is to think of the mundane locations of violence, and how we come to live the violence in and through ordinary times; my motivation here is to inquire into the different ways people experience war and its aftermath. I also explore the ways that violence is present and implicated in the ordinary rather than the two being mutually exclusive. The anticipation of violence becomes a way to think through regular mundane encounters of everyday life in states with protracted conflict. I analyze this anticipation of violence by looking at select ethnographic encounters from my fieldwork, and specifically during a time of sporadic bombings over several months in 2007.
Internet Gaming Regulation: The Kahnawake Experience

In late winter 1999, shortly after my resignation as Director of the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement (NJDGE), the Mohawks of the Kahnawake Territory approached me to assist them with the development of regulations for Internet gaming. The idea of regulated Internet gaming from a location in North America intrigued me, as most discussion regarding Internet gaming regulation was taking place in Australia and various nations throughout the Caribbean.
Branch Yield Components Controlling Soybean Yield Stability across Plant Populations

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] optimizes yield over a broad range of plant populations, but mechanisms responsible for compensation have not been fully elucidated. Identification of these factors would help in selecting cultivars-genotypes having low optimal plant populations (minimal plant population required for best yield) and provide agronomists and farmers with indicators of optimal plant population. Our objective was to determine the mechanism for plant yield compensation across a range of plant populations. Soybean cultivar DeltaPine 415 (Maturity Group V) was planted at an optimal date at low (70 000 plants ha⁻ˡ), medium (164 000 plants ha⁻ˡ), medium-high (189 000 plants ha⁻ˡ), and high (234 000 plants ha⁻ˡ) plant populations on a Commerce silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, thermic Aeric, Fluvaquent Haplaquepts) near Baton Rouge, LA(30°N Lat.). A 58% population decrease from 164 000 plants ha⁻ˡ resulted in a yield decrease of only 12%, while a 43% increase resulted in no significant yield change. Yield per plant was primarily regulated by changes in branch dry matter per plant, which averaged 14.0, 5.3, and 3.6 g per plant for the low, medium, and high populations, respectively. Greater branch dry matter per plant created more branch nodes, branch reproductive nodes, and branch pods. Pod per reproductive branch node also affected yield in some cases. High correlation between branch dry matter per plant and yield (r² = 0.95; P ≤ 0.001) demonstrated the usefullness of this yield component for identifying cultivars or genotypes with low optimal plant populations. Approved for publication by the Director of the Louisiana Agric. Exp. Stn. as manuscript no. 96-09-0137.
The blood histamine level in asthma and in eosinophilia

Abstract 1.1. Blood histamine determinations using Code's modification of Barsoum and Gaddum's method were made on twenty normal patients having normal white blood cell and eosinophile counts. The values averaged 0.045 and ranged from 0.019 to 0.071 gamma (micrograms) histamine base per cubic centimeter of whole blood. 2.2. Simultaneous blood histamine and eosinophile determinations were made in nine patients with bronchial asthma. There was a suggestive increase above normal in the blood histamine equivalent during paroxysms of asthma compared with the interval between attacks. 3.3. Normal blood histamine equivalents were found in six patients having high degrees of blood eosinophilia. Slightly elevated blood histamine values were observed in two additional cases of eosinophilia; both patients were having mild asthma at the time the blood samples were taken. 4.4. There appeared to be no constant relationship between the number of eosinophiles in the peripheral blood and the level of the blood histamine equivalents.
Reducing the weak lensing noise for the gravitational wave Hubble diagram using the non-Gaussianity of the magnification distribution

Gravitational wave sources are a promising cosmological standard candle because their intrinsic luminosities are determined by fundamental physics (and are insensitive to dust extinction). They are, however, affected by weak lensing magnification due to the gravitational lensing from structures along the line of sight. This lensing is a source of uncertainty in the distance determination, even in the limit of perfect standard candle measurements. It is commonly believed that the uncertainty in the distance to an ensemble of gravitational wave sources is limited by the standard deviation of the lensing magnification distribution divided by the square root of the number of sources. Here we show that by exploiting the non-Gaussian nature of the lensing magnification distribution, we can improve this distance determination, typically by a factor of 2-3; we provide a fitting formula for the effective distance accuracy as a function of redshift for sources where the lensing noise dominates.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced production of interleukin-10 is promoted by the serine/threonine kinase Akt.

The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is a potent inducer of the inflammatory response. Previous studies demonstrated that LPS-induced toxicity is reversed upon FcγR clustering by IgG immune complexes (IC) through upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The PI3K-Akt pathway is also reported to reverse LPS-induced inflammation. In this study, we have examined the role of Akt in LPS-induced IL-10 production. First, we compared Akt activation in macrophages stimulated with either LPS alone, or with a combination of LPS and ICs. Our experiments revealed that while Akt was activated under both conditions, the level of activation was significantly higher in cells stimulated with LPS and ICs, suggesting that Akt may be involved in IC-induced upregulation of IL-10 production. Using several independent models we have then tested the notion that enhanced Akt activation may lead to enhanced LPS-induced IL-10 production. Over-expression of constitutively active Myr-Akt in the mouse macrophage cell line Raw 264.7 led to significant increase in IL-10 production in response to LPS. In addition, down-regulation of Akt by siRNA resulted in a decrease in LPS-induced IL-10 production. Peritoneal macrophages from transgenic mice with macrophage-specific expression of Myr-Akt produced significantly higher levels of IL-10 when stimulated with LPS, compared to their wild-type counterparts. Consistent with this observation, serum levels of IL-10, post-LPS challenge, was higher in the Myr-Akt transgenic mice compared to the wild-type mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Akt plays a critical role in LPS-induced production of IL-10.