cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Faculty Exchange Profile: The Magellan Faculty Exchange Experience at the University of Monterey, Mexico

I worked with faculty at the University of Monterrey in Monterrey, Mexico in Spring 2009 through Eastern Kentucky’s participation in the Magellan Project. Experiencing a new culture provides a lens through which to approach challenges in our own culture in new ways. Citizens in the metropolitan areas of Kentucky have the opportunity to experience a variety of different cultures in their everyday lives. However, many rural communities of Kentucky have, in the past, had almost exclusively Caucasian populations. Today, Kentucky communities, like many in other states, are experiencing a shift to a more diverse group of citizens. In the 1990’s Kentucky’s Hispanic population had the eighth highest growth rate in the country. Faculty and students in Kentucky universities will benefit from having opportunities to experience diverse cultures. They, in turn, can help their communities be prepared for a more richly diverse citizenry. This article begins with a description of the Magellan Project followed by my experience with faculty at the University of Monterrey and within the city of Monterrey. Next, immigration of Mexican American families beyond gateway states such as Texas, into Kentucky will be discussed along with the challenges of closing the achievement gap of Mexican American children in Kentucky schools. This article will conclude with recommendations for EKU and for Kentucky schools providing education and community for Mexican American families and their children.
Use of Denver Developmental Screening Test

To the Editor.— Allan et al1 presented the developmental outcome of children with periventricular and intraventricular hemorrhage. They defined developmental delay as a "delay of 6 months or greater" as noted on the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST). The DDST is a screening test, not a diagnostic instrument, and as such, it is capable of determining children who are at increased risk of developmental delay. It does not indicate that a child is functioning at a particular age level.
Flavor-nonuniversal dark gauge bosons and the muon g−2

Abstract The possibility of explaining the current value of the muon anomalous magnetic moment in models with an additional U(1) gauge symmetry that has kinetic mixing with hypercharge are increasingly constrained by dark photon searches at electron accelerators. Here we present a scenario in which the couplings of new, light gauge bosons to standard model leptons are naturally weak and flavor nonuniversal. A vector-like state that mixes with standard model leptons serves as a portal between the dark and standard model sectors. The flavor symmetry of the model assures that the induced couplings of the new gauge sector to leptons of the first generation are very small and lepton-flavor-violating processes are adequately suppressed. The model provides a framework for constructing ultraviolet complete theories in which new, light gauge fields couple weakly and dominantly to leptons of the second or third generations.
Almost zero-dimensional quantum field theories.

A new approach is proposed for obtaining nonperturbative information from a quantum field theory using an analytic (non-numerical) procedure. The idea is to expand the Green's functions of the quantum field theory as series in powers of D, the space-time dimension. The leading term in such an expansion is easy to calculate because it requires that we solve the corresponding zero-dimensional field theory. In this paper we develop a strategy for computing the coefficients of higher powers of D. The D expansion appears to have a finite radius of convergence. Initial numerical studies suggest that only a small number of terms in the D expansion are required to obtain accurate results.
Pattern alternation: Effects of spatial frequency and orientation

Campbell and Howell (1972) reported an effect called “monocular pattern alternation.” They found that a pattern composed of two orthogonal sinusoidal gratings, one horizontal and the other vertical, underwent rivalry when viewed monocularly for a period of time. In the present study, it has been shown that monocular pattern alternation depends upon the orientation of the pattern and the spatial frequency of its components. Fewer reversals were found for an obliquely oriented pattern than for a pattern with components in the horizontal and vertical meridians. Alternation rate was higher when the gratings were similar in frequency but differed in orientation than when the components of the pattern differed in both dimensions. It was concluded that pattern alternation reflects an antagonistic interaction between interdependent channels in the human visual system that respond to orientation and spatial frequency.
Ukrainian in the Language Map of Central Europe: Questions of Areal-Typological Profiling

The paper deals with the areal-typological profiling of Ukrainian among languages of Europe, constituting Standard Average European (SAE) and especially Central European (CE). Placed recently in the context of the ‘areal typology’ and the ‘dynamic taxonomy’, Ukrainian together with Russian and Belarusian appear to be mere replica languages. Such languages are capable of only borrowing surface structures migrating all over the Europe unie or imitating deep structures on the model of SAE or CE. In order to elaborate on an alternative profiling of Ukrainian among languages of (Central) Europe, the author concentrates on both phonological and morphosyntactic features treated commonly as CE Sprachbund-forming (the spirantization of *g, the dispalatalization of the palatalized consonants, the existence of medial l, the umlauting, the three-tense system, including a simple preterit from the perfect, and the periphrastic ‘ingressive’ future). As a result, the author advances another vector of areal classification, thus positioning Russian in the core of ‘Standard Average Indo-European’ and (Southwest) Ukrainian as an intermediate language between Russian and the rest of (Central) European languages.
Three-dimensional simulation of large-scale structure in the Universe

Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the nonlinear growth of adiabatic perturbations in collisionless matter demonstrate that a cellular structure develops in the Universe. This dark matter collapses into interconnecting dense regions surrounding large voids, or low density regions. The models presented here were done with a cloud-in-cell (CIC) code using a very large number, nearly 9 × 105, of clouds. Such a large number of clouds provides adequate coverage of the voids, eliminates spurious clumping in both the high- and low-density regions, and is a significant improvement over earlier three-dimensional simulations of the cellular structure. We consider here both high (Ω0 = 1.07) and low (Ω0 = 0.1) density models. Our simulations clearly show that the interconnecting dense regions contain both filamentary and flat, pancake-shaped structures. Furthermore, the interactions among neighbouring structures are important and produce matter flows towards the dense intersections. The low-density voids which develop are approximately spherically symmetric in shape. As the voids expand, they collide and intersect. The covariance function ξ(R) has a power law form at small radii, with anticorrelation found just beyond the break and no sizeable features at larger radii.
Clinical Update on Diagnosis and Management of Disorders of the Digestive System of Reptiles

Abstract The diagnosis and treatment of digestive system disorders in reptile species continues to provide challenges owing to the differences in anatomy and physiology in this diverse group of animals. Continued research efforts into diagnostic techniques, in particular imaging (e.g., contrast radiography and ultrasonography), of gastrointestinal tract have resulted in clinical advancements for practicing veterinarians. The aim of this article is to provide veterinarians up-to-date and clinically relevant summaries on the diagnosis and therapy of digestive system disorders of reptiles commonly maintained as companion animals.
Experimental production of oral ulcerations in the rat.

Abstract 1. 1. Twice weekly the lower incisors of 125 gram female albino rats were shortened to the gingival margins with nail clippers. One-half of these animals received daily injections of cortisone. Cortisone-injected and untreated animals with intact incisors served as controls. All animals were sacrified after one month. 2. 2. Localized oral ulcerations of the labial mucosa, gingiva, and tongue were found exclusively in both groups of animals with cut-down incisors, regardless of systemic cortisone therapy. No “nomalike” lesions were observed. Neither the injection of a penicillin-streptomycin solution nor an extension of the experimental period to two months affected the incidence or extent of the lesions. 3. 3. Histologic sections of the lesions showed a chronic, nonspecific ulceration with granulation tissue, lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells covered by a surface layer of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, fibrin, and necrotic debris.
Laser-driven target of high-density nuclear-polarized hydrogen gas

We report the best figure-of-merit achieved for an internal nuclear polarized hydrogen gas target and a Monte Carlo simulation of spin-exchange optical pumping. The dimensions of the apparatus were optimized using the simulation, and the experimental results were in good agreement with the simulation. The best result achieved for this target was 50.5% polarization with 58.2% degree of dissociation of the sample beam exiting the storage cell at a hydrogen flow rate of $1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{atoms}∕\mathrm{s}$.
A Critique of Embodied Simulation

Social cognition is the capacity to understand and interact with others. The mainstream account of social cognition is mindreading, the view that we humans understanding others by interpreting their behavior in terms of mental states. Recently theorists from philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience have challenged the mindreading account, arguing for a more deflationary account of social cognition. In this paper I examine a deflationary account of social cognition, embodied simulation, which is inspired by recent neuroscientific findings. I argue that embodied simulation fails to present an adequate alternative to mindreading accounts of social cognition. I defend a philosophically and empirically plausible two-systems account of social cognition, which holds that even very young children are capable of mindreading.
Global Supply of Health Professionals

The world's need for and supply of health professionals are in flux. This article reviews the supply in relation to the demand for physicians and nurses around the world.
Granular cell myoblastoma arising from the thoracic sympathetic nerve chain

Abstract Granular cell myoblastoma has been of interest both to the clinician and the pathologist for many years. This uncommon tumor presents the usual diagnostic problem of a mass, but the actual diagnosis of granular cell myoblastoma is rarely made prior to biospy. The origin of the tumor from either myoblastic or neural tissue remains controversial. Light and electron microscopic studies of a granular cell myoblastoma uniquely located in the posterior mediastinum and associated with the sympathetic chain support the neural origin of this tumor.
Effect of Salt Spray on the Rate of Water Vapor Transmission in Microporous Fabrics

Two microporous fabrics, one formed by lamination and the second by coating, along with a nylon woven fabric, were subjected to a simulated sea spray environment. The water vapor transmission rates of the treated fabrics and of treated controls were determined using the desiccant method. As expected, in all cases, the rate of moisture vapor transmission for the treated samples was significantly lower than that for the untreated. The majority of the blockage was inherent in the base fabric, with smaller amounts attributable to the microporous substrates.
Renormalization Techniques For Inverse Scattering

Renormalization techniques are applied to obtain solutions for inverse scattering problem that are equivalent to the second-order regular perturbation approximations for the exact (Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko) theory. We have developed an inversion method for reconstructing the permittivity profiles of inhomogeneous dielectric layers from reflection coefficient data. Solutions with increased radii of convergence are obtained. Numerical examples are demonstrated for simulated scattering data from Gaussian, parabolic and triangular dielectric profiles and homogeneous slabs.© (1985) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
ICAM-1-dependent fibroblast-lymphocyte adhesion: discordance between surface expression and function of ICAM-1.

Abstract We have previously reported that stimulation of human fibroblasts (FB) with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) leads to their increased adhesiveness for resting peripheral blood T lymphocytes. With the use of blocking monoclonal antibodies, we determined that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its T cell ligand, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) are the major, if not only ligands involved in this system. Using an ELISA, we have confirmed earlier reported observations that IFN-γ induces an increase of ICAM-1 expression on the surface of FB suggesting that this increase mediates lymphocyte adhesion. However, we show that treatment of FB with IL-1, while leading to comparable increases in ICAM-1 synthesis and expression, failed to induce increased adhesion. In contrast, treatment of fibroblasts with the phorbol ester, TPA, stimulated ICAM-1-dependent adhesion without an increase in ICAM-1 surface expression. This suggested that the detection of ICAM-1 by monoclonal antibody techniques may not always correlate with its functional capabilities. The contrasting effects of IFN-γ and IL-1 on ICAM-1-dependent FB adhesion suggest that qualitative as well as quantitative alterations of the ICAM-1 molecule may regulate ligand interaction.
The Mechanism of Boron Immobility in Plants

A mechanism is postulated to explain the immobility of boron in plants, i.e., the absence of any significant retranslocation of this element from one leaf to another. It is shown that boron readily enters the bark and is translocated within the bark. Since it has also been shown that boron remains water-soluble in plants, the immobility cannot be explained through a chemical fixation, lack of entry into phloem, or absence of phloem transport. Rather, boron enters the phloem in leaf margins where concentrations are high, is transported in these conduits, is lost therefrom where the xylem concentration is low, i.e. in basal areas of the leaf and in petiole, is transported back in the xylem and accumulates in terminal place of the transpiration stream. A high local mobility of boron, together with the essentially unidirectional flow of the transpiration stream, thus cause a cyclic movement of B and prevent the efflux of this nutrient; this explains the immobility over long distances.
SU(3) lattice gauge theory in 4 dimensions with a modified Wilson action

Abstract The Wilson action for the 4-d gauge theory involves the trace in the fundamental representation of the product of link variables on lattice plaquettes. By computer simulation, we study an extension of this action with an additional term involving the plaquette trace in the adjoint representation. The gauge group is SU(3). We find a phase structure similar to that found recently for SU(2) with such an action. In particular, we find a first order transition in the SU(3)/Z(3) gauge theory and a critical endpoint close to the so-called crossover region for the Wilson action. We also study a 648 element subgroup of SU(3) to see whether it might be sufficient to simulate the continuum limit of the SU(3) theory. We find that, even with the extended action, the freezing transition from the discreteness of this subgroup precludes this possibility. Using an abalogy with the Potts model, we approximate the phase diagram for an even bigger subgroup of SU(3), one with 1080 elements. We find that this group is also not dense enough to describe the SU(3) continuum limit with the extended action.
The magnitude of the frustration effect as a function of the number of previously reinforced trials

Responding in a double runway following the cessation of reinforcement in the first goalbox was studied as a function of either 35 or 75 prior reinforcements in the first goalbox. Second runway speeds showed a greater increase for the 75-rein forcement group. Results were discussed in terms of frustration theory.
Variability of intracellular pH within individual populations of SS and AA erythrocytes.

Summary. Individual populations of AA and SS erythrocytes were fractionated according to cell density by centrifugation, and the fractions analysed for intracellular pH (pHi), the mole ratio of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate to haemoglobin (DPG:Hb), and cell concentration of haemoglobin (MCHC). The pHi of SS erythrocytes was consistently lower than that of AA erythrocytes throughout the density range, and the lowest pHi of both cell types (AA and SS) was found in cells with the highest density. As the highest density AA and SS erythrocytes are characterized by the lowest DPG:Hb values, their relatively low pHi cannot be ascribed to intracellular organic phosphate. Instead we propose that a redistribution of hydrogen ions across the membranes of both AA and SS erythrocytes is the ultimate result of progressive alterations in these membranes in vivo.
Engineering ECM signals into biomaterials

Historically, tissue engineering focused primarily on the delivery of soluble factors within relatively static scaffolds; yet, increasing evidence indicates that the native, dynamic three-dimensional microenvironment is important in guiding cellular behavior. Consequently, there has been a recent emphasis on increasing the biocomplexity of scaffolds to better mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), including the incorporation of adhesion, degradation, and three-dimensional structures. This review aims to describe important features of the natural ECM and highlight how these features are now being incorporated into synthetic materials to control cellular behavior and tissue evolution towards the development of next generation tissue engineering strategies.
Litigant participation and success in water rights cases in the Western States

Abstract Over the years, many decisions concerning the rights to water resources have been addressed in state legislatures and federal courts; however, the majority of decisions concerning the conflicting demands over water have been addressed in state courts. This study examines the body of water rights cases heard in state supreme courts of the eleven Western states and focus on litigant participation and success. The data set includes all the water rights cases decided between 1972 and 2008 in the eleven western state high courts (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming). The study explores the propensity of different types of litigants to initiate water rights cases at the state supreme court level, and also examines litigation patterns to determine which litigants are the targets of these appeals. Galanter's (1974) party capability theory is used to help explain patterns of litigant success.
Tissue engineered cartilage "bioshell" protective layer for subcutaneous implants.

Summary Objective One current technique to reconstruct an ear for microtia involves the use of a high density polyethylene auricular implant; however, the implant can extrude if not covered in a temporoparietal fascia flap. Theoretically, an autologous tissue engineered cartilage “bioshell” protective coating around a permanent biocompatible implant might reduce potential extrusion to avoid the flap requirement. We hypothesized that if subjected to intentional exposure, a bioshell coating over an implant would provide enhanced wound healing. Methods Six sheets of high density polyethylene and six sheets of 24 carat pure gold wire-mesh measuring 19 mm × 25 mm were implanted subcutaneously in an immunocompetent swine model. Half of each implant group were coated with chondrocytes (50–70 million cells/cm 3 ) which were suspended in Pluronic F-127 30% hydrogel; the remaining implants without chondrocytes were used as controls. At 10 weeks post-implantation, partial implant exposure via excision of overlying skin was performed to simulate extrusion and the sites were allowed to heal secondarily. Results All (6/6) of bioshell implants achieved wound closure after exposure by the seventh post-operative day; controls achieved closure at approximately 10 days. Bioshell neocartilage was evaluated and confirmed histologically using hematoxylin and eosin and safranin O stains. Histochemically, neocartilage approximated native cartilage with 60% glycosaminoglycans content. Conclusion A ‘proof-of-principle’ tissue engineered bioshell around subcutaneous high density polyethylene and gold implants generated an elastic neocartilage coating, elicited a low inflammatory reaction, and was associated with 30% faster wound healing.
Management of catheter-related infections

DERITONEAL dialysis catheter infections 1 are generally categorized as infections of the exit site and the subcutaneous pathway. Tunnel infections are defined as erythema or edema or tenderness (or any combination of these features) over the subcutaneous portion of the catheter. The majority of tunnel infections are associated with a concomitant exit site infection, but occasionally a tunnel infection occurs in the presence of a normal exit site.’ The definition of exit site infection is considerably more varied than that for tunnel infection, resulting in widely differing rates reported from one center to another.’ Purulent drainage from the exit site with or without erythema of the exit site is universally accepted as representing infection.‘94 However, erythema alone or with serous drainage is not always included in the definition.5 Twardowski considers pericatheter erythema of 13 mm or greater (including the width of the catheter) to represent infection, while less than this is equivocal for infection.6 The exit site infection rate is generally 0.6 to O.S/yr if infection is defined as either erythema, purulence, or both.7 If a center excludes exit sites with only erythema, then the rate is generally half of this figure.’ Exit site and tunnel infections are important because they can result in peritonitis and catheter 10~s.~ The appearance of the exit site is predictive of outcome (Fig 1).‘,4,9 Patients with purulent exit sites are much more likely to have a recurrence of the exit site infection, to develop peritonitis with the same organism, and to lose their catheter due to infection, in contrast to the outcome of patients with nonpurulent exit site infections.
Preliminary studies on rat olfactory tissue: effects of odorants on NA+-K+ atpase activity.

Abstract Nerve ending particle (B) fractions were prepared from three different rat olfactory endoturbinals. This fraction was tested for Na+K+ ATPase activity and its response in vitro to low levels of odorants. Quite different differential responses of the enzyme activity were noted between the three tissue preparations for a given odorant and between the three odorants for a given tissue. A possible relationship between enzyme perturbation and initiation of odor sensing mechanism is discussed.
Effect of development and nutritional state on the uptake, metabolism and release of free and acetyl-l-carnitine by the rodent small intestine

Intestinal carnitine levels and the incorporation and release of exogenous, [14C]carnitine were compared in intestine from adult rat and guinea pig. Total carnitine levels were 4-fold higher in rat as compared to guinea pig intestine. Retention of label was also 4-fold greater, 4 h after placing carnitine (7 nmol) in the lumen. Carnitine was detected in rat chow (64 nmol/g) but not in guinea pig chow. Intestinal carnitine was reduced 2-fold in rats fed a carnitine-free diet for 2 weeks, suggesting the importance of dietary carnitine in determining intestinal carnitine levels. Two conditions where fatty acid oxidation is increased (fasting and suckling) resulted in elevated carnitine levels and retention. In the 3-day fasted guinea pig, intestinal carnitine increased by 40% and retention of a lumenal dose of [14C]carnitine increased about 7-fold after 4 h. During suckling, carnitine levels peaked after 3 days (792 nmol/g) and decreased to near adult levels after 7 days (108 nmol/g). Retention of a lumenal dose of carnitine was greater after 4 h in 1-day old neonatal, than in adult intestine (82% vs. 7% of a 7 nmol dose, respectively). This reflects, in part, the larger intestinal carnitine pool on day 1 (352 nmol/g) than on day 29 (91 nmol/g). The calculated efflux of total intestinal carnitine after 4 h was similar for adults and neonates (72 vs. 58 nmol/g) suggesting that efflux relative to pool size was greater in the adult than in the neonate. Uptake of [14C]acetylcarnitine was similar to [14C]carnitine in 1-day old animals, but was retained to a lesser extent (36% vs. 82%, respectively) after 4 h. The calculated efflux of total intestinal carnitine when acetylcarnitine was the substrate was about 4-fold that when carnitine was the substrate. Incorporation of [14C]carnitine into enterocytes isolated from 3-day old animals was 4-fold greater than into enterocytes isolated from adults (152 vs. 36 pmol/mg protein after 60 min). Active transport of carnitine into enterocytes from neonates, but not from adults is suggested, since labeled free intracellular carnitine reached 4-fold the calculated equilibrium value in neonatal enterocytes, but did not exceed the equilibrium value in adult enterocytes.
Sexual orientation as a factor in risk for binge eating and bulimia nervosa: A review

Research on binge eating and bulimia nervosa among lesbians and gay men is reviewed. The thesis that the different value put on physical appearance in these groups may function as a mediator of risk for eating problems is considered. Studies indicate that gay men focus on their appearance more than heterosexual men and may be at higher risk. Lesbians, who are arguably less invested in societal norms of attractiveness, may be at lower risk than heterosexual women, but the findings are mixed. Implications for conceptual models of risk for bulimia nervosa, and for awareness of lesbian and gay experiences by therapists, are discussed. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Conformational Switch Regulates Receptor-G Protein Interaction

Abstract A peptide specific to a G protein γ subunit C terminus undergoes a conformational shift concordant with receptor activation, providing direct support for a long-standing proposal that a conformational switch in the γ subunit tail mediates G protein activation by a receptor.
Evaluation of biotite-garnet geothermometers: application to the English River subprovince, Ontario

In recent years, there have been numerous calibrations of the biotite-garnet Fe-Mg exchange geothermometer. The Eastern Lac Seul region of the English River subprovince, Ontario, provides an excellent field area in which to compare these calibrations.
Continued evaluation of the clinical solubility of luting cements

0 ver 35 years ago, Henschel’ reported that zinc phosphate cement mixed on a cold slab provided increased working time. He determined that the laboratory solubility of cements mixed on cold slabs was reduced, provided that the incorporation of moisture, which may precipitate on the slab, is prevented. Recently, a number of studies have reported on the mixing of zinc phosphate cement on glass slabs cooled to below the dew point.“-” In these studies, the precipitated moisture was incorporated into the mix; the solubility evaluations, which were made according to American Dental Association, (ADA) Specification No. 8 using distilled water, showed results within the limits of that specification. The influence of this water contamination on in vivo solubility and disintegration remains unanswered. The recent marketing of the glass ionomer cements has prompted a need to evaluate their clinical solubility. In so doing, the inclusion of cements that have been in use for some time provided a means for comparison. Laboratory studies of solubility have been questioned as to their ability to predict clinical behavior of luting cements. This is especially true when cements of different chemical nature are compared. A recent report described a method for measuring solubility of cement in vivo.’ This article reports on the continuation of this work.
Bank lending channel in India: evidence from state-level analysis

This paper seeks to answer two questions: first, do monetary policy shocks affect the size of bank loans, and second, do bank loans affect real economic activity? Using annual panel data on the Indian states from 1996 to 2008, we find that money demand shocks have large and statistically significant impact on bank loans. Furthermore, using money demand shocks as instruments for bank lending a la Driscoll (J Monet Econ 51:451–471, 2004), we find an economically large and statistically significant effect of bank loans on output. Our findings, to some extent, reflect the dominant role played by banks in the India’s overall financial system.
High momentum nucleons from relativistic nuclear collisions

Abstract A hard-scattering mechanism is proposed to describe proton and pion spectra from high-energy nuclear collisions. Results of a parameter-free model using free nucleon-nucleon cross sections and the empirical momentum distribution for nucleons within the nuclei are compared with data from C + C, Ne + NaF, and C + Pb collisions at 800 MeV/nucleon.
Consumer Materialism: An Ideological Critique and a Dialogic Response

By constructively critiquing consumer materialism as a fantastic ideological form (Zizek, 1997), this article answered Rogers's (1998) call to develop communication theories that resurrect a place for the natural, affirm that humans are embedded in a nonhuman world, listen to nonhuman agents, and deconstruct binaries like subject/object, social/natural, and ideational/material. Through the lens of Zizek's (1989, 1997) interpretation of Lacanian fantasy, it was revealed that consumer materialism reproduces itself in consumer advertising (intersubjectivity), planned obsolescence (problematic of the fall), popular film (empty gesture), the Gross Domestic Product (symptom), and efforts to resist materialism manifested in presidential Earth Day commemorations (problematic of the fall and empty gesture). This essay concluded by articulating a transhuman, material, dialogic (Rogers, 1998) concept of productive-consumption as a means of transcending the signified Desire of the Other at consumer materialism's ideo...
Evaluation of three calcium extractants for coastal plain soils

Abstract Mehlich 1‐Ca is used as an index to predict the Ca requirement for peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fruit development in major peanut growing states. Recently, some concern has been raised about the inadequacy of Mehlich 1 extractable Ca for that purpose. Possible use of alternative extractants for soil Ca has been suggested. In this study, relationships among Mehlich 1, 0.2 M NH4Cl and 0.01 M NaNO3 extractable Ca were examined in several Coastal Plain soils to which gypsum or lime had been applied. Variability in extractable Ca was much greater following lime treatment than following gypsum treatment. In Bonifay soil, the quantity of Ca extractable by the three extractants was similar in a gypsum treatment, but in a lime treatment (at an application rate equivalent to the gypsum treatment) Mehlich 1‐Ca was 2 and 5‐fold greater than NH4Cl‐ and NaNO3‐Ca, respectively. In Greenville soil, Mehlich 1‐Ca was 3 to 4‐fold greater than NaNO3‐Ca regardless of gypsum or lime amendment. For soil samples from a ...
Increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules by alveolar macrophages of human lung allograft recipients with acute rejection: decline with resolution of rejection.

Abstract Background: Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the major population in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells; we assessed their role in human lung allograft recipients by correlating the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines with clinical outcome of allograft. Methods We obtained BAL samples from patients and enriched them for AM in plastic petri dish for 2 hours at 37°C in 5% CO 2 . Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1, CD31), and CD11c was assessed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. We assessed cytokine profile using Multi-Probe RNase protection assay. Results Alveolar macrophages that express CD11c, CD31 and CD54 were increased in patients with either rejection or infection compared with those without rejection and infection. The difference in the percentage of AM expressing CD11c and CD31 between the rejection group and patients without rejection and infection group was statistically significant (CD11c, p p Conclusion This study demonstrates that lung allograft rejection is associated with increased expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines by AM, which could facilitate mononuclear cell adhesion and extravasation contributing to the allograft injury in lung transplant recipients.
On local approximation of minimum-latency broadcast scheduling in 3D MANETs

Minimum-latency broadcast scheduling problem has been a long-studied problem on the basis of conflict avoidance. However, no algorithms with theoretical performance guarantees have been proposed for this problem in 3D mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), due to the significant hardness brought by various node mobilities in 3D space. As the first attempt in the literature to study this problem in 3D MANETs, we provide a localized approximation algorithm (LBS) with both theoretical and experimental guarantees with respect to time latency and message complexity.
An Edge-Preserving Filter Modeled After Structures In The Visual Cortex

A novel filter was designed that preserves signal edges better than a linear or a median filter when matched to attain the same amount of noise smoothing. This filter was modeled after well-known properties of neurons in the visual cortex that are only sensitive to visual stimuli of lines tilted in specific directions. Using a similar directional sensitivity, the presence of signal edges in the filter window can be detected and the smoothing applied only in directions that do not cross edges. In the presence of white, Gaussian noise, the minimum SNR must be at least 1/2 to attain superiority in terms of edge preservation of this new directional filter, for lower SNR values its performance may deteriorate ungracefully and a linear filter is the clear choice.
Physiological and Pathological Roles of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in the Heart

Prolonged mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening results in mitochondrial energetic dysfunction, organelle swelling, rupture, and typically a type of necrotic cell death. However, acute opening of the MPTP has a critical physiologic role in regulating mitochondrial Ca 2+ handling and metabolism. Despite the physiological and pathological roles that the MPTP orchestrates, the proteins that comprise the pore itself remain an area of ongoing investigation. Here, we will discuss the molecular composition of the MPTP and its role in regulating cardiac physiology and disease. A better understanding of MPTP structure and function will likely suggest novel cardioprotective therapeutic approaches.
An Overview of Research on Cardiothoracic MR Imaging with Gadodiamide Injection

Perspective. Gadodiamide injection has been used in studies in animals and humans to provide differential enhancement between infarcted and normal myocardium. It also has been used with inversion-recovery-prepared fast-gradient echo images with and without dipyridamole to demonstrate myocardial perfusion defects. These contrast-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies have demonstrated myocardium jeopardized by nonocclusive coronary stenosis in a canine experimental model. Gadodiamide injection also has been shown to be effective for increasing signal intensity and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of thoracic masses.
Predictors of mortality and recurrence after hospitalized cerebral infarction in an urban community The Northern Manhattan Stroke Study

Objective: To identify determinants of recurrence and mortality after ischemic stroke in a mixed-ethnic region. Background: The determinants of ischemic stroke outcome are not uniformly characterized and will be of increasing importance as the frequency of ischemic stroke survivors increases in our aging population. Methods: A cohort of 323 patients (40% black, 34% Hispanic, 26% white) with cerebral infarction from northern Manhattan over age 39 were followed for a mean of 3.3 years, with only 6% lost to follow-up. Cumulative life table risk of mortality and recurrence was calculated. Risk factors classified at the time of index ischemic stroke were selected based on univariate analyses and then entered into a Cox proportional hazards model for mortality and for recurrence. Results: The life table cumulative risk of mortality was 8% at 30 days, 22% at 1 year, and 45% at 5 years after ischemic stroke. The immediate cause of death was related to vascular disease in 60%. After age adjustment, the significant predictors of mortality were congestive heart failure (risk ratio [RR] = 2.6), admission glucose >140 mg/dl (RR = 1.7), and presentation with either a large dominant, nondominant, or major basilar syndrome (RR = 2.0). Patients with a lacunar syndrome had a better survival (RR = 0.6). Recurrent strokes occurred in 72 patients. The life table cumulative risk of recurrence was 6% at 30 days, 12% at 1 year, and 25% at 5 years after ischemic stroke. Ethanol abuse (RR = 2.5), hypertension requiring discharge medications (RR = 1.6), and elevated blood glucose within 48 hours of index ischemic stroke (RR = 1.2 per 50 mg/dl) were the independent predictors of recurrence. Among 30-day survivors, the effect of ethanol abuse was greater (RR = 3.5), indicating its impact on late recurrence. Conclusions: After accounting for age and presenting syndrome, initial glucose predicts stroke mortality and recurrence after ischemic stroke. This association may reflect uncontrolled and undiagnosed diabetes in our urban population. Furthermore, ethanol abuse may be a determinant of ischemic stroke recurrence. Reduction of the stroke public health burden will require targeted modification of such conditions and behaviors.
Breast Conservation in Women with Multifocal-Multicentric Breast Cancer: Is It Feasible?

Background The incidence of preoperatively identified multifocal and multicentric breast cancer is rising with improved sensitivity of imaging modalities. Based on retrospective, historic data, breast conservation in women with multiple tumors has been discouraged because of high rates of local regional recurrence (LRR). These studies, however, do not extrapolate to contemporary practice as they do not incorporate the use of modern therapies and surgical techniques. This study is designed to evaluate the feasibility of breast conservation in women with multiple breast primaries.
SEM characterization of CdTe growth on CdTe(111) by close-spaced sublimation

A close-spaced sublimation (CSS) reactor is used to explore the growth of CdTe thin films on CdTe(111) substrates in order to determine the parameters required for high quality smooth film growth. Growth rates below 1 μm/h were targeted based on a preliminary sublimation study of the substrate material. The CSS technique is of interest due to its low cost and the potential for producing high quality films at higher growth rates compared to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Films were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the film thickness was determined using an alpha-step IQ profilometer. The initial quality of the films was determined by the electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) technique.
Changes in Cancer Volume in Serial Biopsies of Men on Active Surveillance for Early Stage Prostate Cancer

Purpose: We described changes in tumor volume on serial biopsies during an extended period in men on active surveillance.Materials and Methods: The study cohort included men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1998 and 2010 enrolled in active surveillance with 6 or more months of followup. Change in volume over time was assessed as change in percent cores positive, percent cancer in 1 biopsy core and the doubling of total cancer volume (mm). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between grade and volume progression.Results: A total of 399 men met the study inclusion criteria. Mean patient age was 61.8 years old and 313 (78%) had low risk disease. Overall 231 (58%) men had stable disease on repeat biopsies. There were 39 (10%) men with a volume increase, defined by an increase to more than 33% cores involved or an increase in maximum single core positive to more than 50%, and there were 44 (11%) with an increase in volume and grade. Approximately 10% of men experienced a decrease in ...
Textures of alumina scales on FeCrAl alloys

Abstract The textures of alumina scales grown on FeCrAl and FeCrAlY alloys were measured. They both show no significant preferred orientation. The scale on FeCrAl is equiaxed while that on FeCrAlY is columnar. This combination of columnar morphology with no preferred orientation for the scale on FeCrAlY is explained by the role of yttrium during the growth of α-alumina scales.
User interface toolkit mechanisms for securing interface elements

User interface toolkit research has traditionally assumed that developers have full control of an interface. This assumption is challenged by the mashup nature of many modern interfaces, in which different portions of a single interface are implemented by multiple, potentially mutually distrusting developers (e.g., an Android application embedding a third-party advertisement). We propose considering security as a primary goal for user interface toolkits. We motivate the need for security at this level by examining today's mashup scenarios, in which security and interface flexibility are not simultaneously achieved. We describe a security-aware user interface toolkit architecture that secures interface elements while providing developers with the flexibility and expressivity traditionally desired in a user interface toolkit. By challenging trust assumptions inherent in existing approaches, this architecture effectively addresses important interface-level security concerns.
Test of the Regge Dip Mechanism

The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the importance of the backward reaction ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}$ as a test of the wrong-signature nonsense Regge dip mechanism. If the observed dip in backward ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ is due to a wrong-signature nonsense zero, then a dip is also predicted to occur in ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{+}$. This prediction does not involve any arbitrary assumptions about fixed poles, exchange degeneracies, or absorptive Regge cuts.
Measurement of Femoral Angles in Four Dog Breeds

Objective To develop a standard method of measurement for femoral angles and report values for normal Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers. Study design Retrospective evaluation of canine pelvis and femoral radiographs. Sample population Radiographs of Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers (n=100 for each breed). Methods Anatomic lateral distal and proximal femoral angle, mechanical lateral distal and proximal femoral angle, and femoral angle of inclination were measured from radiographs. Results For the 4 breeds (Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers, respectively) anatomic lateral distal femoral angles were 97 degrees , 97 degrees , 94 degrees , and 98 degrees ; mechanical lateral distal femoral angles were 100 degrees , 100 degrees , 97 degrees , and 100 degrees ; anatomic lateral proximal femoral angles were 103 degrees , 98 degrees , 101 degrees , and 96 degrees ; mechanical lateral proximal femoral angles were 100 degrees , 95 degrees , 97 degrees , and 93 degrees ; and inclination angles were 134 degrees , 134 degrees , 132 degrees , and 137 degrees . Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, and Rottweilers had significantly higher values for both anatomic and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle than German Shepherds. Anatomic and mechanical lateral proximal angles were greatest for Labrador Retrievers and lowest for Rottweilers. Conclusion Anatomic and mechanical femoral joint angles vary between breeds of dogs. Clinical relevance Values for femoral joint angles may be clinically useful for angular limb deformity diagnosis, treatment, and assessment.
Grassroots Bureaucracy: Intergovernmental Relations and Popular Mobilization in Brazil's AIDS Policy Sector

How does the state ensure the implementation of national policies in a context of decentralized political authority? This article identifies a new strategy utilized by national bureaucrats to regulate the behavior of subnational politicians: mobilizing civil society as government watchdog and political advocate. In the context of decentralized governance in which local politicians administer most social sector programs reform-minded bureaucrats often find that they have little control over the implementation of their progressive policies. In Brazils AIDS policy sector however bureaucrats have ensured the successful implementation of their policies by developing allies outside government. These state actors-here called activist bureaucrats-have been largely overlooked in the English-language literature yet they form a new layer of politics in Latin America.
Parametric Ideal Scramjet Cycle Analysis

Parametric cycle analyses for the ideal ramjet, ideal turbojet, and ideal turbofan engines are well known and documented. The parametric mathematical descriptions of these ideal propulsion systems are useful for understanding the advantages and useful operation conditions when comparing these engines with one another and with mission requirements. It is also known that the scramjet engine is superior in producing specific thrust over these other engineswhen operating at hypersonicMachnumbers. The purpose of this work is to present a parametric cycle analysis for the ideal scramjet. This permits the description of the ideal scramjet via simple algebraic equations similar to that for the ideal ramjet, ideal turbojet, and ideal turbofan engines.
Junk ain't what junk does: neutral alleles in a selected context

A simulation study of the effects of linked selection on a neutral locus is described. Of six models of selection examined, four could be called variation-reducing as they lower the level of molecular variation at the neutral locus. Unfortunately, all four distort the neutral frequency spectrum in similar ways, making the problem of inferring the appropriate model quite difficult. Similarly, an examination of the effects of linked selection on the non-random association of mutations at two linked neutral loci did not suggest that this property would be useful for inferring the nature of linked selection either. Linked selection may have a profound effect on the ‘effective population size’ of the neutral locus. For two of the variation-reducing models, the effective size at the neutral locus is almost independent of the actual population size.