cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy, land, and food: Vital connections

Abstract A basic perspective of energy, land, and food reveals vital connections. A rationale for the use of energy is examined as a fundamental premise through identification of the effects of degree of industrialization on a food system. Recognition of the pervasive role of energy as an input to industrialized agriculture and its interactions with land and other inputs are leading to their more efficient use. Conservation is resulting in increasing energy productivity in production (especially with respect to irrigation, fertilization and crop drying), processing, transportation, distribution, and food preparation. Categories of energy conservation and the time scale of conservation practices are examined for their implications. Additional effects of the energy situation are examined, including production shifts, changing patterns of consumption, and the intensiveness of agricultural production. Appropriate technology for the food chain in an energy-short future is examined.
Differential CD30 expression in adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma subtypes

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) is caused by HTLV-I, and is a disease with dismal prognosis urging new therapies. Brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) is an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody conjugated to a potent microtubule poisoning agent monomethyl auristatin E that is effective in the treatment of CD30-expressing lymphomas. There are conflicting reports on the frequency of ATLL tumors expressing CD30. At our institution we encounter a relatively large number of ATLL cases due to our patient demographics. Thirty-nine out of 156 ATLL cases identified so far have been checked for CD30 status. CD30 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed on either tissue sections as part of the routine pathology workup or cytospins prepared from CD4+ lymphocyte-enriched peripheral blood specimens using 20% expression as a cut-off positive value. The proportion of CD30+ ATLLs was 36% (95% CI 11%-61%), including 47% in lymphomatous-type, 28% in acute-type, and 10% in indeterminate cases. Four of 12 (33%) acute-type ATLL cytospin cases were CD30+, however, a high expression of 80% was observed in only one case. One patient with CD30+ acute-type ATLL with diffuse skin involvement treated with brentuximab had an objective transient response. Our preliminary data show that 36% of ATLLs are CD30+ and therefore may be amenable to anti-CD30 therapy. However, the low percentage of CD30+ cells in acute-type ATLL may limit the response to anti-CD30 target therapies for this subtype. We are currently testing a larger number of tissue and leukemic ATLL specimens available for further immunophenotypic characterization and comprehensive analysis of clinical outcome.
The resonance Raman excitation profile of lutein

Abstract The resonance Raman excitation profiles for the ν 1 , ν 2 and ν 3 vibrations of lutein in acetone, toluene and carbon disulfide solvents have been measured. The results are interpreted in terms of a three-mode vibrational theory which includes both homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening effects. Excellent agreement between calculated and observed excitation profiles and visible spectra was found in acetone and toluene, but the results in carbon disulfide indicate a possible breakdown in the three-mode model. The major broadening mechanism is homogeneous, with about a 25% contribution from inhomogeneous broadening.
Development of salt-responsive neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract.

The rodent gustatory system has become a popular and useful model for the study of brain development because of this system's protracted period of postnatal maturation and its sensitivity to subtle changes in the animal's sensory environment. The goal of this investigation was to improve our understanding of dendritic remodeling exhibited by second-order gustatory neurons by presenting a comprehensive and definitive description of the development of the dendritic architecture of taste-sensitive neurons in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract. Extracellular and intracellular recording and intracellular labeling techniques were used to examine the structure and function of individual gustatory neurons in three groups of rats: (1) Postnatal day 13–21 (PND13–21), (2) Postnatal day 22–28 (PND22–28), and (3) Adult (postnatal day 60–90). We found that neurons that responded to all three of the salts in our taste array (“Salt Sensitive”) exhibited a striking increase in the number of dendritic branch points, maximum branch order, swelling density, and spine density between the PND13–21 and PND22–28 periods. These increases were followed by a period of dendritic remodeling during which the values for all measures except spine density decreased significantly. The neurons that did not respond to all three salts exhibited no change in the number of dendritic branches, branch order, or spine density during development, but they did undergo a decrease in swelling density. We also found that there was a significant decrease in the total dendritic length and cell volume of Salt Sensitive neurons between the PND22–28 and Adult periods, whereas the cells that did not respond to all three salts exhibited an increase in dendritic length and cell volume between postnatal day 28 and adulthood. Finally, we found that the dendrites of the Adult Salt Sensitive neurons were more restricted in the rostrocaudal axis than either the PND13–21 or PND22–28 Salt Sensitive cells. In contrast, there were no significant changes in the rostrocaudal extent of the dendritic arbors of cells that did not respond to all three salts. When viewed in the context of the extant literature and our own preliminary studies that used modified salt diets, we propose that these results provide strong support for the hypothesis that there is a relationship between postnatal dendritic development (particularly remodeling) and the animal's sensitivity to salts. J. Comp. Neurol. 425:219–232, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of single-dose Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng on driving performance

Context. Panax ginseng and Gingko biloba are commonly used herbal supplements in the United States that have been reported to increase alertness and cognitive function. Objective. The objective of ...
FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN LARGE SCALE SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an exposition on large-scale scientific computing to help applications programmers improve their capabilities. American scientists are deeply concerned that their leadership role is slipping in large-scale scientific computer hardware and software development. However, they maintained their leadership over the past two decades by developing scientific computer codes. These codes are an indispensable tool in many modern science and engineering projects. Traditionally, they were designed by scientists or engineers in the field that the code was intended to model. By combining expert knowledge in a particular field with intuition and experimental clues, and by incorporating a modest experience in numerical analysis and software design, these programmers often devised ingenious methods and written codes that work well, with varying degrees of accuracy. The capabilities of any scientific computer code limit an understanding of the problem being modeled. More accuracy is needed as the engineering designs become more detailed and operate closer to the thresholds of failure.
Prenatal protease inhibitor use and risk of preterm birth among HIV-infected women initiating antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy.

Background Conflicting results have been reported among studies of protease inhibitor (PI) use during pregnancy and preterm birth. Uncontrolled confounding by indication may explain some of the differences between studies.
An Unexpected Life in Nutrition

In this biographical article, I describe the evolution of my career in nutrition from an early period as an animal nutritionist interested in amino acid metabolism and genetic variation in nutrient requirements to an involvement in human nutrition and international public health. The career changes were in some respects a mirror of the evolution of nutritional science in my lifetime. I spent my entire career at Cornell University in what I think of as three distinct phases. As a researcher and teacher in the Poultry Science Department, I was able to do research in animal nutrition and witness the rapid industrialization of the production of poultry meat and eggs, helped by the findings of the era of nutrient discovery in nutritional science. Later I had the opportunity to lead the reorganization of human nutrition at Cornell during a period when research in nutritional science turned away from identifying new nutrients and became increasingly concerned with the roles of diet and chronic disease. During this period my research focus evolved as I became interested in aspects of international nutrition problems, particularly the influence of parasitic infections on child health and nutrition. I also became involved nationally in nutrition issues through participation in organizations such as the National Nutrition Consortium, the Food and Nutrition Board, and National Institutes of Health study sections at a time of great ferment in nutrition about the relationship of dietary patterns to health. Finally, I became provost of Cornell University and involved in the administration of a major research university. I describe my career in the context of my origins and early education springing from life on a sustainable family farm in rural Illinois.
Clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, and the quality of drug therapy.

Background. Because of concerns about patient safety and the quality of health care in America, in particular about drug therapy, pharmacists have unprecedented opportunities to increase their value and significance. When defining clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care, pharmacists long ago recognized the need to improve the safety and effectiveness of drug therapy. Objective. To describe how clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical care, closely related concepts, can contribute to a strategy for improving the quality of drug therapy. Design. Commentary and review of selected publications. Conclusion. Pharmacists can improve the quality of drug therapy by improving the organizational structures through which drug therapy is provided, specifically by creating medications use systems and by regularly evaluating their performance. As envisaged by the Institute of Medicine, these systems must be patient centered, cooperative, and interprofessional. To maximize pharmacists' participation in such systems, pharmaceutical education should include courses in medications use systems as necessary counterparts to courses in pharmacotherapeutics. Clinical functions must be organized around patient need and directed at outcomes. Clinical practice should constitute the mainstream practice of pharmacy rather than an “optional” specialty. Pharmaceutical care describes the original purpose of clinical pharmacy, when it was understood as a professional practice rather than a health science. It describes a way that clinical pharmacy, especially specialists and subspecialists, could coordinate their work more effectively. The concept of clinical pharmacy adds essential clarity about the process component of pharmacists' participation in, and strengthens the academic basis of, pharmaceutical care. The clinical, humanitarian, and economic case for preventing drug-related morbidity is strong, and pharmacy has much to offer. It is, again, time to work together as a profession to plan our common future.
A high yield microscale enzymatic synthesis and purification Of 14C-Labeled Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP+)

Uniformly labeled (U) 14C nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) was synthesized by phosphorylating [U-14C]nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the presence of immobilized NAD+ kinase. The 15 μCi (600 μL) synthesis consistently achieved yields between 80% and radiochemical purities greater than 95%. The [U-14C]NADP+ was purified by high performance anion-exchange chromatography using a gradient elution of ammonium bicarbonate. This procedure may be applicable to the synthesis of other charged, UV-absorbing products of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Providing Micronutrients through Food-Based Solutions: A Key to Human and National Development

To alleviate poverty in developing countries, economies must grow. Without the necessary investments in human capital, national economic growth may not lead to poverty alleviation and socioeconomic development, nor be sustainable. Economic growth that leads to poverty alleviation is fueled by the creative and physical capacities of people. The impact of micronutrient malnutrition is established early in life, leading to growth stunting, lower cognitive abilities, lethargy and poor attention, and greater severity and rates of infection. These effects limit educational progress, physical work capacity and life expectancy, thereby reducing individual lifetime productivity and the aggregate ability of the population to enhance its well-being and participate in national and global markets. The diets of the poor are largely cereal-based, monotonous and lacking in diversity and micronutrients. Animal source foods (ASF) have been an important factor in human evolution, a component of what was an historically diverse diet and an important source of micronutrients. Poverty and micronutrient malnutrition positively influence each other. This poverty micronutrient malnutrition (PMM) trap requires outside inputs to change the state of development in developing countries. Nutrition interventions have been excellent investments in development. More productive interaction between agricultural scientists and nutritionists, supported by a strong federal agenda for development, is needed to break the PMM trap. In the end, food is the means by which nutrients are delivered. Food-based approaches will require long-term commitments, but are more likely to be sustainable because they are part of a development process that leads to long-term economic growth. J. Nutr. 133: 3879S-3885S, 2003.
Hydride-related degradation of spent-fuel cladding under repository conditions

This report summarizes results of an analysis of hydride-related degradation of commercial spent-nuclear-fuel cladding under repository conditions. Based on applicable laboratory data on critical stress intensity obtained under isothermal conditions, occurrence of delayed hydride cracking from the inner-diameter side of cladding is concluded to be extremely unlikely. The key process for potential initiation of delayed hydride cracking at the outer-diameter side is long-term microstructural evolution near the localized regions of concentrated hydrides, i.e., nucleation, growth, and cracking of hydride blisters. Such locally concentrated hydrides are, however, limited to some high-burnup cladding only, and the potential for crack initiation and propagation at the outer-diameter side is expected to be insignificant for most spent fuels. Some degree of hydride reorientation could occur in high-burnup spent-fuel cladding. However, even if hydride reorientation occurs, accompanying stress-rupture failure in spent-fuel cladding is unlikely to occur.
Chromatic Contrast Discrimination: Data and Prediction for Stimuli Varying in L and M Cone Excitation

Chromatic discrimination data are presented for pulsed and steady stimuli as a function of surround chro- maticity and structure. All stimuli and surrounds were at equiluminance and at a constant level of short-wavelength- sensitive cone excitation. The test stimulus was a square array of four 1° squares. A 0.07° crosshair of the same chromaticity as the surround separated the squares. Both the test stimuli and the surrounds varied in relative excita- tion of the long-wavelength and middle-wavelength sensi- tive cones. When stimuli briefly replaced a portion of a steadily viewed background (the Pulse Paradigm), the dis- criminations were optimal at the background chromaticity and degraded for chromaticities away from the background. The discrimination steps were independent of the back- ground size, which varied from a spatially extensive display to one matching exactly the appearance of the test array. Discrimination was determined only by the spatio-temporal chromatic contrast of the stimulus relative to the back- ground. When the stimuli were presented continuously within a surround (the Pedestal Paradigm), discrimination was still determined by the surround chromaticity, indepen- dent of the surround size. Even a narrow 0.07° crosshair was sufficient to establish optimal discrimination at the crosshair chromaticity. With the surround and crosshair dark, spectral opponent channels maintained an intrinsic normalization near equal energy white. There was little indication of adaptation to the test stimuli. The data were fit by a model of spectral opponency linking detection and discrimination as a function of both retinal illuminance level and chromaticity. The model is explicitly based on observations of the behavior of retinal ganglion cells of the Macaque retina. The model incorporates well-accepted psy- chophysical concepts that adaptation in cone spectral-op- ponent channels occurs at multiple sites both before and after spectral opponency.© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res
Potential Woody Biomass Supply Chain Scenarios: A Conceptual Study

The interconnectivity among various business entities and physical functions of woody biomass supply chains requires a system-wide perspective. Extant studies largely focus on individual business units or sets of activities. This paper takes a supply chain perspective to gain an understanding of potential woody biomass supply chains. The study draws insights from an extensive review of literature to conceptualize potential woody biomass supply chain scenarios. Three woody biomass supply chain scenarios and associated logistics activities were defined from the analysis of literature content. They are woody biomass sourcing from forest product manufacturers, forest landowners, and biomass pre-processers. Findings suggest that woody biomass as a marketable commodity creates business opportunities for loggers and forest product manufacturers. In moving forward, infrastructure and technological development is vital, encompassing logging capability and transportation and industrial infrastructure.
Symmetry of emission spectra of dual convex polyhedra

We consider convex polyhedra which may be symmetrically inscribed in a sphere (‘T-polyhedra’). Incorporating elements of group theory, one of Courant's theorems and Weyl's expansion for the density of states, it is argued that a T-polyhedron quantum billiard and its dual of equal volume have equal emission frequencies. Application is made to the infinite set of convex ‘equilateral zonohedra’ quantum billiards. A thin-film resonant absorption experiment is proposed to verify these findings. It is found that, for dual convex regular polygons in , wave functions of the dual polygon in the related billiard problem maintain their functional form and, for duals of larger area, eigenvalues are lowered by a common scale factor.
Treatment of intrabony defects with bovine-derived xenograft alone and in combination with platelet-rich plasma: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: In the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects, the benefits of adding platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to a bone replacement grafting material have not been tested. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes obtained by the combination of PRP and a bovine derived xenograft (BDX) to those obtained from the use of the bone replacement graft alone. Methods: Thirteen patients were enrolled in a randomized, split mouth, double-masked clinical trial. Bilateral defects were matched according to their intrasurgical measurements. Qualifying defects had loss of attachment of ≥6 mm, a radiographically detectable defect of ≥4 mm, at least two remaining osseous walls, and not primarily related to a furcation involvement. After the hygienic phase, at the baseline examination, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and recession (REC) were measured. During open flap debridement, the defects were randomly assigned to receive either BDX mixed with PRP or BDX alone. Baseline osse...
Salinity Tolerance of 35 Bentgrass Cultivars

Relative salinity tolerance of 33 creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds), one colonial bentgrass (A. capillaris L.), and one velvet bentgrass (A. canina L.) cultivars were determined via hydroponics in a controlled-environment greenhouse. After gradual acclimation, grasses were exposed to moderate salinity stress (8 dS.m -1 ) for 10 weeks to determine tolerance to chronic salinity stress. Relative dry weight of leaf clippings (RLW), percentage of green leaf area (GL), root dry weight (RW), and root length (RL) were all effective parameters for predicting salinity tolerance. Following 10 weeks of salinity stress, RLW was correlated with GL (r = 0.72), with RW (r = 0.71), and with RL (r = 0.66). The range of salinity tolerance among cultivars was substantial. 'Mariner', 'Grand Prix', 'Seaside', and 'Seaside II' were salt-tolerant, L-93', 'Penn G-2', 18 th Green', and 'Syn 96-1' were moderately salt tolerant, and 'Avalon', 'Ambrosia', SR1119', Regent', Putter', Penncross', and 'Penn G-6' were salt sensitive.
Wheeler's dilemma

We identify certain biota as "tropical" and others as "temperate" in the modem world, yet this distinction was not as clear in the early Tertiary. Indeed, many authors have commented upon the well-documented co-occurrence of tropical and temperate biotas in early Tertiary deposits; REID and CHANDLER (1933) called this "one of the most vexed of climatological problems." Almost a century ago, William Morton WHEELER (1 9 10) noted the surprising mix of warm and cool-adapted ant genera found together in Baltic amber. We review some other warm/cool assemblages of insects, plants and vertebrates, which occur at Eocene extra-tropical localities worldwide. Explanations of time averaging, tran- sitional assemblages between climatic regimes and mixing of biocoenoses are unsatisfy- ing. Instead, these seemingly anomalous mixtures are consistent with hypothesized low temperature seasonality in early Tertiary temperate regions. The sorting of biota into tem- perate and tropical-identified may be a later Cenozoic phenomenon that reflects our spe- cific modem climatic regime of high seasonality in extra-tropical regions, rather than an innate and historical biogeographic association of these organisms with their present lati- tudinal ranges. Thus, the presence of clearly thermophilic organisms outside of low lati- tudes in early Tertiary assemblages may indicate milder winters, not necessarily tropical or subtropical climate.
Spin Correlation in $t\bar t$ Production $p\bar p$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s} =1.8\, {\rm TeV}$

The DO collaboration has performed a study of spin correlation in production for the process , where the W bosons decay to e ν or μ ν. A sample of six events was collected by the DO detector from an integrated luminosity of approximately 125 pb-1 of collisions. The degree of spin correlation is characterized by a correlation coefficient κ. We find that κ > -0.25 at the 68% confidence level, in agreement with the SM predicition of κ = 0.88.
Compound x-ray refractive lenses made of polyimide

Theoretical considerations of the parameters that enable the construction of compound refractive lenses are treated in this writing. The best performing compound refractive lenses that have been constructed to date were made by Adelphi Technology Inc. stacking individual paraboloidal lenses made of polyimide (KaptonTM). Polyimide lenses are capable of focusing photon with energies between 4 keV and 60 keV with focal lengths below 60 cm. They are not affected much by small misalignment of the individual lenses. Surface finish is less stringent than for visible light lenses. The increase in intensity in the image plane relative to the intensity that would have been obtained without a lens or gain measured at the experimental station of a bend magnet beam line was found to be 5.5 at 9 keV x-rays with transmission of 10% at that same energy. The measured values were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions at all wavelengths tested.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A single stability parameter for linear 2-port circuits

A new stability parameter, mu (S), is defined for linear 2-port circuits. It is shown that mu >1 alone is necessary and sufficient for the circuit to be unconditionally stable. This single parameter can replace the traditional Rollet condition K>1, which requires that an additional auxiliary condition be met for absolute stability. >
Drop and give us 20, seifried: a practical response to "defending the use of punishment by coaches".

In a recent issue of Quest, Seifried (2008) explicitly depicted his work as an “attempt to present some rationale for supporting the use by coaches of corporal punishment in the sport setting … [and] to develop a defense, not previously offered, for those coaches who thoughtfully employ punishment strategies to manage their players and teams” (p. 372). Throughout the article arguments supporting and defending punishment were artfully woven together by relying on the selective use of theory and conjecture rather than empirical sport research or practical coaching experiences. Not surprisingly, the author arrived at his foregone conclusion that corporal punishment is an appropriate, even desirable, means of controlling athlete behavior. Such an endorsement of punishment is not only misleading but diametrically opposes the well-considered official positions of our professional physical education and sport organizations, which have uniformly condemned the use of corporal punishment as a legitimate strategy to...
Variables Affecting NOx Formation in Lean-Premixed Combustion

The formation of NO x in lean-premixed, high-intensity combustion is examined as a function of several of the relevant variables. The variables are the combustion temperature and pressure, fuel type, combustion zone residence time, mixture inlet temperature, reactor surface-to-volume ratio, and inlet jet size. The effects of these variables are examined by using jet-stirred reactors and chemical reactor modeling. The atmospheric pressure experiments have been completed and are fully reported. The results cover the combustion temperature range (measured) of 1500 to 1850 K, and include the following four fuels: methane, ethylene, propane, and carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixtures. The reactor residence time is varied from 1.7 to 7.4 ms, with most of the work done at 3.5 ms. The mixture inlet temperature is taken as 300 and 600 K, and two inlet jet sizes are used. Elevated pressure experiments are reported for pressures up to 7.1 atm for methane combustion at 4.0 ms with a mixture inlet temperature of 300 K. Experimental results are compared to chemical reactor modeling. This is accomplished by using a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism in a chemical reactor model, consisting of a perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) followed by a plug flow reactor (PFR). The methane results are also compared to several laboratory-scale and industrial-scale burners operated at simulated gas turbine engine conditions.
Reducing Satiation: The Role of Categorization Level

People usually like experiences less as they repeat them: they satiate. This research finds that people satiate less if they categorize the consumption episodes at lower levels. For instance, as people ate more jelly beans, their enjoyment declined less quickly when the candy was categorized specifically (e.g., cherry, orange) rather than generally (e.g., jelly bean). Three studies demonstrate this “specificity effect” for people’s ratings of enjoyment both during and immediately after consumption. Process evidence shows that subcategorization focuses people’s attention on differentiating aspects, making the episodes seem less repetitive and consequently less satiating.
The importance of lipid for the Alzheimer's brain

Brain lipid metabolism is altered in Alzheimer's disease and, Hamilton and colleagues report, also affects the production and maintenance of stem cells in the forebrain. In Alzheimer's patients and in a transgenic mouse model of the disease, these authors found large droplets of oleic acid (OA) within brain ependymal cells, ciliated barrier cells lining the cerebral ventricles that propel the cerebral spinal fluid. Buildup of neutral lipids was associated with the quiescence of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone. Blockade of oleic acid synthesis reactivated the stem cells. Oleic acid (OA)—highly enriched in olive oil—is produced in the body from stearic acid by stearoyl-CoA desaturase, an enzyme known to be overactive in the frontal and temporal cortex of Alzheimer's patients. Although OA can act as a neuronal growth– promoting factor in the subventricular zone, Hamilton et al. now report that at higher doses, it inhibits in vitro neurosphere formation and in vivo stem cell proliferation. To test the origin of the ependymal lipid inclusions, Hamilton et al. injected 13C labeled oleic acid into the ventricles of normal mice over a week and found that triglyceride deposits similar to the ones in Alzheimer's patients built up in the same region of the subventricular zone. Microarray analysis of the subventricular zone in Alzheimer's and control mice showed differential expression of lipid regulatory genes, indicating perturbation of lipid metabolism in this stem cell niche. Oleic acid–caused neural progenitor cell failure may be related to the global cognitive failure of Alzheimer's, but also it may be a byproduct of a disturbed metabolic milieu or a dysregulated attempt to promote growth. The most interesting translational feature of this paper is that the authors link a localized lipid dysregulation with Alzheimer's pathology in humans, as well as an animal model of the disease, and show that ependymal cells are involved at very early disease stages. Future work will need to look at system-level approaches to metabolic disruption in Alzheimer's. L. K. Hamilton et al., Aberrant lipid metabolism in the forebrain niche suppresses adult neural stem cell proliferation in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Stem Cell 10.1016/j.stem.2015.08.001 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/abstract/S1934-5909%2815%2900356-2
Effects of Population Density on Sex Expression in Onoclea sensibilis L. on Agar and Ashed Soil

Population density affected the sex expression of agar-grown gametophytes of Onoclea sensibilis L. The time of onset of sexuality was advanced, the proportion of females was increased, and the growth rate of individuals was greater at lower densities. Population density had no effect on the sex expression of Onoclea grown on ashed soil, and there was no difference in growth rate of individuals grown on ashed soil at different densities. Covariate analysis, using thallus width as a measure of growth rate, indicated that the effect of density on sex expression was mostly associated with growth rate. The differing effects of population density on agar and ashed soil demonstrate that substrate influences sex expression in Onoclea. This influence is most dramatic in single-gametophyte cultures, where agar cultures produced 97 per cent females and ashed soil cultures 100 per cent males.
An Air-Levitated Testbed for Flux Pinning Interactions at the Nanosatellite Scale

Magnetic flux pinning interactions have been recently demonstrated as viable mechanisms in modular spacecraft reconfiguration maneuvers. However, in order to develop a robust testing program for interactions, a low-cost testing environment is necessary to simulate the microgravity environment in which this technology will ultimately perform. The FloatCube testbed we have developed to support this effort is built around uniform free-floating test vehicles with a set of planar air bearings that provide two translational and one rotational degree of freedom. The vehicles allow for rapid implementation of new experiments by providing a standard levitating base segment and optional power, communications, and control components to support experimental actuator and sensor arrangements. The system is also designed to support current and future flight missions and microgravity tests by mounting completed nanosatellites or nanosat-sized modules on individual vehicles capable of operating independently or in formation in concert with a computer interface. This paper presents the design and implementation of the FloatCube system, ongoing work with experimental verification, and future work expected to improve the testbed and verify mission hardware.
When worlds collide—elite sport, doping, and scientific research

okay, a bit dramatic, but all of a sudden the Journal of Applied Physiology has been dragged into the world of performance enhancement in professional cycling. Although published in 2005, Ed Coyle's paper ([1][1]) on the physiology of a famous cyclist is back in the spotlight given that cyclist's
The effect of dip on 1-D simulation of triaixal induction tool in anisotropic layered formation

Triaxial induction tool with transmitting and receiving coils oriented in three mutually perpendicular directions was developed to detect formation anisotropy. It is sensitive to the effective vertical resistivity, which is determined by the hydrocarbon-bearing zones, at any dip angle. [1] In this paper, our purpose is to investigate the influence of dipping angle on its magnetic field responses by applying 1-D electromagnetic anisotropic modeling.
"Personalized and adaptive semantic filtering for social media" by Pavan Kapanipathi, with Prateek Jain as coordinator

Pavan Kapanipathi is a final year PhD candidate at Kno.e.sis Center, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio. He will soon join IBM TJ Watson Research Center as a Research Staff Member. His PhD dissertation is focused on harnessing knowledge bases for addressing Big Data challenges on social media. He has published his research at top conferences in his areas of expertise such as ISWC, and ESWC. On the basis of his research, he has given invited talks at institutions such as IBM TJ Watson Research Center and EMC, CTO Office, Bangalore. He was part of the team that developed a Tweet filtering system Twarql that won a LOD Triplification challenge, which was organized at I-Semantics 2010, a prominent venue for the Semantic Web community. For more information see http://www.knoesis.org/researchers/pavan
Immunization of monkeys with recombinant complimentary deoxyribonucleic acid expressed zona pellucida proteins.

Objective To evaluate the effects of immunization with zona pellucida (ZP) proteins produced by recombinant complementary DNA (cDNA) technology for the elicitation and antibodies that inhibit sperm binding without altering ovarian function in the nonhuman primate. Design Controlled nonhuman primate study. Setting Controlled environment with individual housing of monkeys in facility approved by National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines. Participants Monkeys housed and treated according to NIH regulations. Interventions Monkeys immunized and boosted at regular intervals with ZP proteins produced using recombinant cDNA techniques. Main Outcome Measure Urinary estrogen, P, serum antibody levels, sperm-ZP binding, and ovarian morphology. Results Monkeys immunized with a recombinant rabbit 75-kd ZP protein expressed from a partial cDNA in the pEX bacteria expression system produce antibodies that interfere with ovarian follicular development and ovarian cyclicity. On the contrary, monkeys immunized with a recombinant rabbit 55-kd ZP protein develop antibodies that inhibit homologous sperm binding but do not affect ovarian follicular development or subsequent ovarian hormonal cyclicity. Conclusion Monkey antibodies to the rabbit 75-kd ZP recombinant protein can be generated that inhibit ovarian cyclicity as desired for animal sterilization vaccines. Antibodies to the 55-kd ZP recombinant protein inhibit homologous monkey sperm binding to the ZP without altering ovarian endocrine function or morphology as is desired for human immunocontraception.
A Novel Free Flap Monitoring System Using Tissue Oximetry with Text Message Alerts.

Background The time to detection of vascular compromise is a significant predictor of free flap salvage outcomes as early reexploration improves salvage rates. Continuous transcutaneous near-infrared tissue oximetry is an objective, quantitative method of detecting flap vascular compromise and has been shown to allow earlier reexploration and higher salvage rates than clinical assessment alone. We designed a novel text messaging system to improve communication using tissue oximetry monitoring. Methods A retrospective review was performed of a prospectively collected database of all microsurgical breast reconstructions from 2008 to 2015. A novel text messaging system was introduced in 2013 and programmed to send text messages alert when the tissue oximetry readings suggested potential flap compromise based on established thresholds. Patient demographics and complications, including rate of reexploration and flap loss were assessed. Results There were 900 autologous microsurgical breast free flaps during the study period: 614 were monitored with standard clinical monitoring and tissue oximetry compared with 286 flaps with the additional text messaging system. There were 27 unplanned returns to the operating room in the tissue oximetry group and 5 in the text messaging group with 1 complete flap loss in each group. Reexploration occurred sooner as a result of these text message alerts (17.5 vs. 26.6 hours postoperatively), however, it did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusions We were able to demonstrate the use of a novel text messaging system for tissue oximetry. This alert system shows promise in identifying impending flap loss with rapid notification of the surgical team.
Thyroid cancer: a computer-assisted review of 5287 cases.

Retrospective computer analysis of all reportable cases of thyroid cancer for the Rocky Mountain Cancer Data Systems between 1973 and 1983 was undertaken. Follow-up data were available for periods ...
Partner interfering behaviors affecting cancer quality of life

Objective Because partners are an important and unpaid resource in cancer care, understanding how destructive, controlling or interfering partner behaviors influence women's cancer care may be particularly relevant for health care providers seeking to provide cancer care and enhance recovery. Using a new measure of partner interfering behaviors in cancer care (PIB-C), we investigated whether women with a recent cancer diagnosis who additionally endorsed any PIB-C would report (a) more symptoms of depression and stress, and (b) lower Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G) and lower Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-being (FACIT-SP) scale scores indicating poorer quality of life (QOL). Methods Women aged 18–79 included in cancer registries as having an incident, primary, biopsy-confirmed cancer in the past 12 months were eligible for this study. Consenting women completed a phone interview 9–12 months following cancer diagnosis between 2009 and 2015. Interviews provided data to measure outcomes (perceived stress and depressive symptoms, FACIT-SP and FACT-G scores), partner supportive and interfering behaviors, and other potentially confounding factors. Results Of the 2376 women in a relationship at cancer diagnosis, 14.7% endorsed one or more of 14 PIB-C items. Women endorsing any PIB-C item reported more symptoms of depression and stress and lower FACT-G and FACIT-SP scores than partnered women reporting no PIB-C even when controlling for partner supportive behaviors and lifetime intimate partner violence. Increasing PIB-C scores were also correlated, in a dose–response pattern, with these same outcomes. Conclusions Partner interfering behaviors during cancer care impact patients' QOL across multiple domains. © 2016 The Authors. Psycho-Oncology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Influence of age on ocular biomechanical properties in a canine glaucoma model with ADAMTS10 mutation

Soft tissue often displays marked age-associated stiffening. This study aims to investigate how age affects scleral biomechanical properties in a canine glaucoma model with ADAMTS10 mutation, whose extracellular matrix is concomitantly influenced by the mutation and an increased mechanical load from an early age. Biomechanical data was acquired from ADAMTS10-mutant dogs (n = 10, 21 to 131 months) and normal dogs (n = 5, 69 to 113 months). Infusion testing was first performed in the whole globes to measure ocular rigidity. After infusion experiments, the corneas were immediately trephined to prepare scleral shells that were mounted on a pressurization chamber to measure strains in the posterior sclera using an inflation testing protocol. Dynamic viscoelastic mechanical testing was then performed on dissected posterior scleral strips and the data were combined with those reported earlier by our group from the same animal model (Palko et al, IOVS 2013). The association between age and scleral biomechanical properties was evaluated using multivariate linear regression. The relationships between scleral properties and the mean and last measured intraocular pressure (IOP) were also evaluated. Our results showed that age was positively associated with complex modulus (p<0.001) and negatively associated with loss tangent (p<0.001) in both the affected and the normal groups, suggesting an increased stiffness and decreased mechanical damping with age. The regression slopes were not different between the groups, although the complex modulus was significantly lower in the affected group (p = 0.041). The posterior circumferential tangential strain was negatively correlated with complex modulus (R = -0.744, p = 0.006) showing consistent mechanical evaluation between the testing methods. Normalized ocular rigidity was negatively correlated with the last IOP in the affected group (p = 0.003). Despite a mutation that affects the extracellular matrix and a chronic IOP elevation in the affected dogs, age-associated scleral stiffening and loss of mechanical damping were still prominent and had a similar rate of change as in the normal dogs.
Uplink channel estimation error for large scale MIMO system

The high demand on the wireless networks and the need for higher data rates are the motivation to develop new technologies. Recently, the idea of using large-scale MIMO systems has grabbed great attention from the researchers due to its high spectral and energy efficiency. In this paper, we analyze the UL channel estimation error using large number of antennas in the base station where the UL channel is based on predefined pilot signal. By making a comparison between the identified UL pilot signal and the received UL signal we can get the realization of the channel. We choose to deal with one cell scenario where the effect of inter-cell interference is eliminated for the sake of studying simple approach. While the number of antennas is very large in the base station side, we choose to have one antennal in the user terminal side. We choose to have two models to generate the channel covariance matrix includes one-ring model and exponential correlation model. Figures of channel estimation error are generated where the performance of the mean square error MSE per antenna is presented as a function signal to noise ratio SNR. The simulation results show that the higher the SNR the better the performance. Furthermore, the affect of the pilot length on the channel estimation error is studied where two different covariance models are used to see the impact of the two cases. In the two cases, the increase of the pilot length has improved the estimation accuracy.
Leading in a Crisis

The true test of a leader occurs when he or she is confronted by a crisis. Everything that we are discussing in these chapters is amplified during a crisis. The challenges are greater, the time horizons are shorter, and many of your personnel who function well in a day-to-day situation may become very different in a crisis. Some of us are at our best when the stakes are high, but others are not. The hurdles for you as a leader are very high.
Concerted Action of PGC-1-related Coactivator (PRC) and c-MYC in the Stress Response to Mitochondrial Dysfunction

PGC-1-related coactivator (PRC) has a dual function in growth-regulated mitochondrial biogenesis and as a sensor of metabolic stress. PRC induction by mitochondrial inhibitors, intracellular ROS, or topoisomerase I inhibition orchestrates an inflammatory program associated with the adaptation to cellular stress. Activation of this program is accompanied by the coordinate expression of c-MYC, which is linked kinetically to that of PRC in response to multiple stress inducers. Here, we show that the c-MYC inhibitor 10058-F4 blocks the induction of c-MYC, PRC, and representative PRC-dependent stress genes by the respiratory chain uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP). This result, confirmed by the suppression of PRC induction by c-MYC siRNA silencing, demonstrates a requirement for c-MYC in orchestrating the stress program. PRC steady-state expression was markedly increased upon mutation of two GSK-3 serine phosphorylation sites within the carboxyl-terminal domain. The negative control of PRC expression by GSK-3 was consistent with the phosphor-inactivation of GSK-3β by CCCP and by the induction of PRC by the GSK-3 inhibitor AZD2858. Unlike PRC, which was induced post-translationally through increased protein half-life, c-MYC was induced predominantly at the mRNA level. Moreover, suppression of Akt activation by the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 blocked the CCCP induction of PRC, c-MYC, and representative PRC stress genes, demonstrating a requirement for Akt signaling. MK-2206 also inhibited the phosphor-inactivation of GSK-3β by CCCP, a result consistent with the ability of Akt to phosphorylate, and thereby suppress GSK-3 activity. Thus, PRC and c-MYC can act in concert through Akt-GSK-3 signaling to reprogram gene expression in response to mitochondrial stress.
Left atrial appendage tachycardia termination with A LARIAT suture ligation

Left atrial appendage (LAA) is a known trigger for left atrial tachycardia (AT). The use of LARIAT epicardial suture for termination of AT arising from LAA is not yet reported. A 66-year-old female had a history of hypertension, diabetes, sick sinus syndrome, labile INR, and symptomatic persistent AF. She underwent radiofrequency ablation after failed cardioversion and multiple antiarrhythmics. She was in AT originating from LAA on activation map. Radiofrequency endocardial LAA isolation was performed. However, the AT recurred with increased burden and symptoms. Due to her multiple hospitalization for spontaneous bleeds and labile INR, a Lariat epicardial suture ligation of her LAA was performed. With application of the Lariat suture, electrical isolation was achieved and the AT terminated. She remained AT free at 18 months. Our case is the first to illustrate the utility of LARIAT suture in electrical isolation of the LAA in addition to its mechanical exclusion.
A.1 ESD protection targets

In light of the work from the Industry Council on ESD Target Levels it has become clear that the ESD protection designs for the IC pins may be carrying an unnecessary burden. This burden becomes a problem when the IC circuits are trying to meet speed and performance demands. Through this workshop we will review the current ESD requirements for HBM, MM and CDM and discuss the reasons why this load must be shifted to better ESD control methods while defining the realistic specification targets for each stress model. The audience participation will be involved to address the following questions. What are the realistic component IC ESD requirements? How should the ESD designers and IC designers work together to achieve these? At what levels do the designs become impossible? What types of circuits are intolerable to even minimum ESD targets? Are the ESD designers responsible for system level protection also?