cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potential sites of interaction between catecholamines and LHRH in the sheep brain.

Abstract A combined immunoperoxidase/immunofluorescence procedure was used to examine potential sites of overlap between catecholamine and LHRH systems in the brains of ewes sacrificed during either anestrous or the breeding season. Cells and fibers immunoreactive for either tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) were visualized in the same sections as immunopositive LHRH perikarya and fibers. TH- and DBH-positive varicosities in the preoptic area and anterior hypothalamus appeared to contact both LHRH cell bodies and their dendrites. Clusters of TH-positive cells and fibers were found in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, and partially overlapped the location of immunoreactive LHRH fibers in that structure. Immunoreactive TH and LHRH fibers were densely interspersed within the zona externa of the median eminence, particularly within its lateral portion. No obvious qualitative differences were apparent in either the distribution of catecholamine cells and fibers or their overlap with LHRH elements between the brains of anestrous and breeding season ewes. These observations suggest the possibility of catecholaminergic synaptic inputs onto LHRH neurons in the ewe, as well as the potential for interaction between catecholamines and LHRH at the level of the median eminence. p]LHRH Sheep Immunocytochemistry Tyrosine hydroxylase Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
Resolving the HUPD and HOPD by DEMS to determine the ECSA of Pt electrodes in PEM fuel cells

Abstract Overpotential deposited hydrogen (H OPD ) and underpotential deposited hydrogen (H UPD ) are produced together on Pt in acidic media between 0 and 110 mV vs. SHE and cannot be resolved by cyclic voltammetry alone. Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry was demonstrated for the first time to resolve H OPD and H UPD by measuring the H 2 evolved from water by the hydrogen evolution reaction at the cathode (a Pt electrode) of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The H UPD at the cathode was thus quantified and determined to form a saturated layer on the Pt surface when the lower potential limit of cyclic voltammetry is below about 70 mV vs. the anode, a dynamic hydrogen electrode. This amount of H UPD can be used to measure the ECSA of a Pt electrode in PEMFC and avoid the error from including H OPD .
Neuroimaging in patients with seizures of probable frontal lobe origin.

Sumary Twenty-two patients whose electroclinical ictal characeristics suggested frontal lobe seizure foci were studied. Computed tomography (CT) scans showed abnormalities in only 32% of patients whereas magnetic resonance imaging was informative in 45%. 18FDG-Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning revealed decreased metabolism in 64% of the group. The areas of hypometabolism were focal, regional, or hemispheric. Focal frontal hypometabolism was significantly correlated with the electroclinical (semiologic) ictal localization. Therefore, FDG-PET scanning is a sensitive and specific technique for investigating patients with seizures of probable frontal lobe origins. RESUME 22 patients presentant des pheitomenes electro-cliniques evocateurs de l'origine focale frontale des crises ont eteetudies. La tomodensitometrie a mis en evidence des anomalies chez suelement 32% des patients, contre 45% pour la RMN. Le PET-SCAN au FDG 18 a mis en evidence une diminution du metabolisme chez 64% des patients. Les zones d'hypometabolisme etaient focales, regionales ou hemispheriques. l'hypometabolisme frontal focal a pu etre significativement coirele avec la localisation electroclinique (semeiologique) des crises. Les auteurs demontrent ainsi que le PET-SCAN au FDG 18 est une technique d'evaluation sensible et specique pour les patients presentant des crises partielles d'origine frontale probable. RESUMEN Se han estudiado 22 pacientes con characteristicas ictales electroclinicas que surgerian la existencia de ataques focales de lobulo frontal. La Tomografia Computarizada mostro anomalias solamente en el 32% de los enfermos mientras que la Resonancia Magnetica ofrecio informacion en el 45%. Los scanner con FDG-PET revelaron una reduccion del metabolismo en el 64% de los casos. Las areas de hipometabolismo eran focales, regionales o hemisfericas. El hipometabolismo focal frontal se correlaciono significativamente con la localizacion electroclinica (semiologica) ictal. Por lo tanto, el FDG-PET es una tecnica sensible y especifica para la investigacion de pacientes con ataques de probable origen en el lobulo frontal. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 22 Patienten, deren iktales-EEG auf einen Fokus im Frontallappen schliesen lies, wurden untersucht. Das CAT zeigte Auffalligkeiten bei 32%, das NMR bei 45% der Patienten. Das 78 FDG-PET entdeckte bei 64% der Patienten einen verminderten Metabolismus. Die Legalisation des Hypometabolismus war fokal, regional oder hemispharisch Der frontale Hypometabolismus war signifikant mit den iktalen elektroklinischen Befunden korreliert. Deshalb stellt das FDG-PET eine sensible, spezifische Technik dar, um Patienten mit Anfallen, moglicherweise firon-taler Genese, zu untersuchen.
Wide-Field Feature-Specific Imaging

We present a computational sensor design for high-resolution wide-angle imaging by multiplexing multiple sub-fields-of-view onto a single image sensor using feature-specific imaging techniques.
UBVRI Photometric Analysis of the Solar-Type Eclipsing Binary TYC 3034-299-1

TYC 3034-0299-1 (CVn) is a magnetically active, contact binary, ROTSE variable. UBVRcIc light curves are presented along with a period study and a simultaneous UBVRI light curve solution. Our light curves show eclipse amplitudes of 0.72 and 0.62 mags (V) in the primary and secondary eclipses. Modeled results include a dark spot region, found at longitude 51°, a 24% Roche lobe fill-out, and a mass ratio of 0.48. A total eclipse is found to occur in the secondary eclipse making TYC 3034-0299-1 a W-type (less massive star is hotter) W UMa variable.
Observations of quiet time vertical ion drift in the equatorial ionosphere during the solar minimum period of 2009

[1] The extended solar minimum conditions in 2008 and 2009 presented an opportunity to investigate the ionosphere at lower solar activity levels than previously observed. The Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamics Investigation (CINDI) Ion Velocity Meter (IVM) instrument onboard the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System is used to construct the median meridional (vertical) ion drifts, ion densities, and O+ concentrations during periods of low geomagnetic activity for four characteristic seasons each year spanning late 2008 to 2010. The presence of a large semidiurnal component in the ion drift variation at the equator produced significant differences from typical ionospheric conditions. Instead of upward drifts during the day and downward drifts at night, downward drifts in the afternoon and upward drifts near midnight are observed. This semidiurnal component is present in all seasons though it is strongest during the solstice seasons. It is shown that upward drifts at night correspond to regions with a high occurrence of postmidnight irregularities during the December 2008 and June 2009 solstices. A comparison with vertical ion drifts observed by the Jicamarca Radio Observatory supports the methodology used to extract meridional drifts from the IVM.
Slowly braked, rotating neutron stars

A slowly braked, rotating neutron star is believed to be a star which rapidly rotates, has no nebula, is nonpulsing, and has a long initial braking time of ten thousand to a million years because of a low magnetic field. Such an object might be observable as an extended weak source of infrared or radio wave radiation due to the scattering of low-frequency strong-wave photons by accelerated electrons. If these objects exist abundantly in the Galaxy, they would act as sources of relatively low-energy cosmic rays. Pulsars (rapidly braked neutron stars) are shown to have difficulties in providing an adequate amount of cosmic-ray matter, making these new sources seem necessary. The possibility that the acceleration mechanism around a slowly braked star may be not a direct acceleration by the strong wave but an acceleration due to plasma turbulence excited by the strong wave is briefly explored. It is shown that white dwarfs may also be slowly braked stars with braking times longer than 3.15 million years.
Morphine and naloxone, IP or locally, affect extracellular acetylcholine in the accumbens and prefrontal cortex

In rats with microdialysis probes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or prefrontal cortex (PFC), intraperitoneally (IP) delivered morphine on the 8th day of escalating doses decreased extracellular ACh in the NAc. On day 9, naloxone (5 mg/kg) precipitated withdrawal and increased the release of ACh. When morphine and methylnaloxonium were given locally into the NAc by reverse dialysis, the opiate again decreased extracellular ACh, and the opiate antagonist increased it. These effects were proportional to the dose of local infusions. Local morphine had the same ACh-lowering effect in morphine-dependent and nondependent rats, whereas local methylnaloxonium increased extracellular ACh significantly more in morphine-dependent animals. Systemic and local effects on ACh systems in the PFC were more complicated and showed some relation to locomotor activity. The results suggest that intrinsic ACh neurons in the NAc have a special relationship to opiate reinforcement such that extracellular ACh is low in response to morphine and high during withdrawal. Thus, low ACh may correlate with opiate reward, and high ACh with aversion.
A simple formula for estimating throughput of serial production lines with variable processing times and limited buffer capacity

SUMMARY This paper develops an analytical formula for throughput (jobs per hour) of a serial production line with variable processing times and limited buffer capacity. For a line with identical workstations in series, throughput can be accurately estimated by a simple function of four parameters: mean and standard deviation of processing times, number of stations, and buffer size. Extensions of the formula to account for differences between stations are also presented. The formula allows line performance to be assessed quickly and easily with minimal data, and is useful in initial production system design.
Structure and catalytic mechanism of the E. coli chemotaxis phosphatase CheZ.

The protein CheZ, which has the last unknown structure in the Escherichia coli chemotaxis pathway, stimulates the dephosphorylation of the response regulator CheY by an unknown mechanism. Here we report the co-crystal structure of CheZ with CheY, Mg2+ and the phosphoryl analog, BeF3−. The predominant structural feature of the CheZ dimer is a long four-helix bundle composed of two helices from each monomer. The side chain of Gln 147 of CheZ inserts into the CheY active site and is essential to the dephosphorylation activity of CheZ. Gln 147 may orient a water molecule for nucleophilic attack, similar to the role of the conserved Gln residue in the RAS family of GTPases. Similarities between the CheY–CheZ and Spo0F–Spo0B structures suggest a general mode of interaction for modulation of response regulator phosphorylation chemistry.
Determination of 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane in air.

Abstract A simple gas chromatographic method is described for the analysis of 3,3′-dichloro-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (MOCA) in air. MOCA is quantitatively collected on a Gas-Chrom S tube and the solid sorbent is extracted with acetone. An aliquot sample of the extract is introduced directly into the gas chromatograph, using a microsyringe and the sample is chromatographed on a 1-ft., silylated 10% Dexsil column. The peak area of MOCA is measured and related to the concentration via a calibration curve prepared with a constant volume of standards. The chloroanilines associated with MOCA cause no interference; however, interference can be expected from any compounds having a retention time identical to that of MOCA. As little as 0.002 μg of MOCA per μl of acetone can be detected by this method.
Fish Diseases and Parasites in Relation to the Environment

Although some diseases are not affected by subtle environmental changes, others are. Factors which may influence infection or the course of disease are: temperature, gaseous supersaturation, oxygen deficiency, mechanical and physiological trauma of the fish, malappropriate water chemistry, pollution, eutrophication, media for spore retention, and presence of intermediate hosts. Aviatminoses and neoplasias are often related to environmental changes.
Counselors and Bikers Collaborate to Empower Abused Children

Child abuse is a tragedy that harms children psychologically, emotionally, and physically while disrupting healthy development. Many abused children live in terror of the accused perpetrator, court proceedings, and complications associated with abandonment from family and friends. Aligned with relational and creative counseling practice, a little-known resource exists to assist mental health practitioners who treat these children. Bikers Against Child Abuse (BACA) is an organization built on the power of human relationships with a mission to empower children by providing a sense of safety. This article includes information on the history, membership requirements, and interventions provided by BACA. Counselors working with abused children have a complimentary resource through BACA that may facilitate growth-fostering relationships and the sense of safety needed by victims of abuse.
A laboratory study of dispersion from an elevated source within a modeled convective planetary boundary layer

Abstract Dispersion from an elevated source has been studied by means of a laboratory model of the convective planetary boundary layer. Results are presented in terms of a continuous point source located within a thermally convecting field and in the presence of a simulated uniform mean wind. Quantities measured in this study are nondimensionalized through the use of free-convection similarity scaling. From a source height of z s ∼- 0.24h , where h is the height of the convectively mixed layer, the average plume concentration maximum descends to ground level at a downstream distance x ∼- 0.4h/(w ∗ U) , and remains there for a comparable distance before being carried high up into the mixed layer. (The convective velocity scale w ∗ divided by the mean wind U serves as a dimensionless stability parameter.) It is shown that a Gaussian plume formulation cannot adequately describe this evolving vertical concentration distribution. However, the Gaussian formulation provides an adequate estimate of the vertically-integrated cross-wind concentration distribution. The ground-level concentration field in the X-Y plane indicates that the mean plume first reaches ground level at x ∼- 0.15h/(w ∗ U) and attains its maximum concentration near x ∼- 0.4h/( ∗ /U) . Power-law formulations for the Gaussian diffusion parameters are made for small downstream distances.
High-Impact Educational Practices: An Exploration of the Role of Information Literacy

There is an expectation that college students graduate with competency in information literacy. Ideally, institutions of higher education integrate these competencies throughout their curricula in a progressive manner. High-impact educational practices contribute to student success. The purpose of this article is to examine recent literature about five of the high-impact educational practices (capstone experiences, learning communities, service learning and community-based learning, undergraduate research, and writing-intensive courses) to understand the extent to which they include the integration of information literacy competencies. The article includes recommendations for practice and research in the areas of assessment, pedagogy, and program planning.
Quality planning for mental health

This article describes quality improvement theory and its application in planning a major clinical initiative. The experience of the Harvard Community Health Plan in redesigning its mental health program is used to describe how theory can be translated into practice. A formal process is involved which relies heavily on the use of data in designing the program as well as evaluating its success.
GROWTH HORMONE (hGH) THERAPY AND TUMOR RECURRENCE OF CHILDREN WITH BRAIN NEOPLASMS AND HYPOPITUITARISM

We report on 34 children (17 males, 17 females) with brain tumors, including craniopharyngiomas (18), germinomas (4), astrocytomas (3), chromophobe adenomas (3), medulloblastomas (2), glioma (1), dermoid (1), retinoblastoma (1), and metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma from the pelvis (1). At the initiation of tumor therapy, which consisted of surgery with and without radiotherapy, mean age was 9.3 yrs. (0.4-17.8 yrs). Post tumor therapy, 94% of the patients were GH deficient. 24/34 patients received hGH. Annual growth rate before and after 1 yr. of hGH was 1.9±0.7 cm/yr and 5.6±2.8 cm/yr, respectively. 11 patients had 12 recurrences. 8 of 24 receiving hGH had recurrence of tumor within 0.5-36 mos.; 16 were tumor-free 8-72 mos. after initial therapy. Patients with tumor recurrence had a markedly lower annual growth rate during the first year of hGH than those without recurrence (mean 3.5±1.3 cm/yr vs 6.2±2.5 cm/yr, p<0.01). 3/11 patients with recurrence had not received hGH therapy; however, 1 was receiving IM testosterone monthly. In conclusion, 24 of 34 patients with brain tumors and hypopituitarism received hGH therapy. 8/24 (33%) had tumor recurrence, compared to 3/10 (30%) who did not receive hGH, and 1/10 who was receiving testosterone. The data suggest that hGH therapy is not associated with increased rate of tumor recurrence.
Tiotidine and cimetidine—kinetics and dynamics

Tiotidine and Cimetidine kinetics and dynamics were compared to assess mechanisms of the longer duration of effect of tiotidine in man. Both drugs had similar lag times for absorption. Tiotidine with a meal was more slowly absorbed than when fasting and was also more slowly absorbed than Cimetidine with a meal. The elimination rates for both drugs did not differ; they were both approximately 2 to 3 hr. Oral doses of Cimetidine achieved areas under the plasma concentration curve approximately three times that of tiotidine but these concentrations were only 1/10 as potent. The Cimetidine concentration inducing 50% inhibition of food-stimulated gastric acid secretion was 0.41 ± 0.04 whereas it was 0.04 ± 0.003 µg/ml for tiotidine. The effect of tiotidine lasted longer than that of cimetidine because the doses recommended for use in man resulted in higher concentrations in plasma relative to effective concentration than clinical doses of cimetidine. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1981) 29, 198–202; doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.31
Dissociation of explicit and implicit timing in repetitive tapping and drawing movements.

Four experiments explored the hypothesis that temporal processes may be represented and controlled explicitly or implicitly. Tasks hypothesized to require explicit timing were duration discrimination, tapping, and intermittent circle drawing. In contrast, it was hypothesized that timing control during continuous circle drawing does not rely on an explicit temporal representation; rather, temporal control is an emergent property of other control processes (i.e., timing is controlled implicitly). Temporal consistency on the tapping and intermittent drawing tasks was related, and performance on both of these tasks was correlated with temporal acuity on an auditory duration discrimination task. However, timing variability of these 3 tasks was not correlated with timing variability of continuous circle drawing. These results support the hypothesized distinction between explicit and implicit temporal representations.
Lymphoma of the head and neck and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Clinical Investigation and Immunohistological Study: Introduction

The epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has made an enormous impact in the practice of medicine within the past decade. of the many associated problems, the increasing frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–related malignancies, particularly lymphoma, has been both a fascinating area of study and a most difficult clinical condition to manage. This study investigates lymphoma of the head and neck with clinical studies, as well as immunohistochemical assessments from individual patients. Lymphomas of the head and neck, as they present to the otolaryngologist, can present difficult and challenging diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. It is well-known that a significant number of acquired immunodeficiency patients present initially with symptoms related to the otolaryngology field; it was also found that a certain number of lymphomas in the head and neck in HIV+ patients are the initial presentation. In addition, the associated disorders, such as related infections and synchronous additional neoplasms, are described. Also presented are recommendations for diagnosis and work-up of these conditions, based on the experience. In addition, the study of lymphoma as a neoplasm from the molecular biology viewpoint and its course in the immunodeficient state have been important areas of study in an effort to dissect the progression to oncogenesis. The rapidly expanding literature base in this area is discussed.
Dependence of NMR chemical shift on position with respect to an aromatic ring

Abstract An expression is given for the dependence of the NMR chemical shift due to π electrons on the position of the nucleus relative to an aromatic ring. Calculations based on the expression are compared with those using three other theories, and are found to agree with a less approximate theory for points not too close to the ring.
Karyological and biochemical evidence for chromosomal dedifferentiation in neoplasia.

Quantitative analysis of the X-linked enzyme, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), was performed on tumor cells lines from two human females. Both tumor cells were hyperdiploid, having complete or redundant C+X groups. One, no. 930, lacked the X chromatin body and exhibited twice the level of G-6-PD as in the X chromatin-positive tumor cells, ME-180. Hence, in the no. 930 cell, reversal of X chromosomal condensation was associated with loss of the X chromatin body and doubling of genetic activity. Cells of no. 930 were subsequently placed in culture where after three passages they developed an X chromatin body (or bodies). G-6-PD determinations made at that time showed enzyme levels comparable to the X chromatin-positive tumor cells (ME-180).
Up-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin in cardiomyocytes from non-hypertrophic and non-failing transgenic mouse hearts expressing N-terminal truncated cardiac troponin I

We previously reported that a restrictive N-terminal truncation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI-ND) is up-regulated in the heart in adaptation to hemodynamic stresses. Over-expression of cTnI-ND in the hearts of transgenic mice revealed functional benefits such as increased relaxation and myocardial compliance. In the present study, we investigated the subsequent effect on myocardial remodeling. The alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) isoform is normally expressed in differentiating cardiomyocytes and is a marker for myocardial hypertrophy in adult hearts. Our results show that in cTnI-ND transgenic mice of between 2 and 3 months of age (young adults), a significant level of α-SMA is expressed in the heart as compared with wild-type animals. Although blood vessel density was increased in the cTnI-ND heart, the mass of smooth muscle tissue did not correlate with the increased level of α-SMA. Instead, immunocytochemical staining and Western blotting of protein extracts from isolated cardiomyocytes identified cardiomyocytes as the source of increased α-SMA in cTnI-ND hearts. We further found that while a portion of the up-regulated α-SMA protein was incorporated into the sarcomeric thin filaments, the majority of SMA protein was found outside of myofibrils. This distribution pattern suggests dual functions for the up-regulated α-SMA as both a contractile component to affect contractility and as possible effector of early remodeling in non-hypertrophic, non-failing cTnI-ND hearts.
Approximate Solutions of Continuous Dispersion Problems

The problem of positioning p points so as to maximize the minimum distance between them has been studied in both location theory (as the continuous p-dispersion problem) and the design of computer experiments (as the maximin distance design problem). This problem can be formulated as a nonlinear program, either exactly or approximately. We consider formulations of both types and demonstrate that, as p increases, it becomes dramatically more expensive to compute solutions of the exact formulation than to compute solutions of the approximate formulation.
Hepatic insufficiency in spawning Pacific salmon

Examination of Pacific salmon (Oncorhyncus gorbuscha) on the spawning run revealed that the animal developed metabolic signs of hepatic insufficiency. In contrast to fish obtained in saline waters, salmon caught on the spawning beds had very low levels of liver microsomal azo-reductase activity. This may indicate a partial breakdown of hepatic detoxication function in the spawning fish. Experiments on the in vivo oxidation of free fatty acid demonstrated a progressive decline in the animals' ability to oxidize intravenously injected 14C-palmitic acid to 14CO2. These changes were interpreted as a progressive loss of liver function, which probably contributes to the inability of the species to survive at the end of one reproductive cycle.
Completing the State Space with Subjective States

Abstract We define an opportunity act as a mapping from an exogenously given objective state space to a set of lotteries over prizes, and consider preferences over opportunity acts. We allow the preferences to be possibly uncertainty averse. Our main theorem provides an axiomatization of the maxmin expected utility model. In the theorem we construct subjective states to complete the objective state space. As in E. Dekel et al. ( Econometrica , in press), we obtain a unique subjective state space. We also allow for preference for flexibility in some of the subjective states and commitment in others. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: D81.
The Effects of Judge-Target Gender and Ethnicity Similarity on the Accuracy of Personality Judgments

One factor that may affect the accuracy of personality judgment is the level of similarity between the judge and the target. In the current study, judges observed four targets with different levels of gender and ethnicity (GE) similarity (same gender and ethnicity, only same gender, only same ethnicity, different gender and ethnicity). Judge-target GE similarity was positively related to the accuracy of personality judgment among female judges, but not among male judges. It was also found that females were both more accurate judges and more accurately judged, but that the combination of both a female judge and a female target only had an additive effect on accuracy. Projection was also related to accuracy. These findings suggest that among the several factors that can be used to predict accuracy, judge-target similarity, gender of the judge, gender of the target, and projection of the judge’s personality onto the target are important.
The effect of systemic disorders on the dental pulp in experimental animals.

Abstract Pulpal conditions were studied in Chinese hamsters with hereditary diabetes mellitus, H-1-virus-modified hamsters, mice of the gray lethal mouse strain, polyoma-infected Swiss mice, mutation-diabetic mice, and rats with streptozotocin-produced diabetes. Degenerative pulpal changes in the Chinese hamsters and the polyoma-infected Swiss mice were often found in association with periodontal disease. While periodontal disease was found in the gray lethal mouse strain, little evidence of pulpal disease was noted. Some isolated teeth with pulpal changes were found in both the H-1-virus-modified hamsters and the polyoma-infected Swiss mice. Vascular alterations were found in the pulps of many of the mutation-diabetes mice, ranging from essentially normal to severe vascular engorgement with thrombosis. No alterations were found in either the periodontium or the pulps of the streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Kubo formulas for viscosity: Hall viscosity, Ward identities, and the relation with conductivity

Motivated by recent work on Hall viscosity, we derive from first principles the Kubo formulas for the stress-stress response function at zero wave vector that can be used to define the full complex frequency-dependent viscosity tensor, both with and without a uniform magnetic field. The formulas in the existing literature are frequently incomplete, incorrect, or lack a derivation; in particular, Hall viscosity is overlooked. Our approach begins from the response to a uniform external strain field, which is an active time-dependent coordinate transformation in $d$ space dimensions. These transformations form the group GL$(d,\mathbb{R})$ of invertible matrices, and the infinitesimal generators are called strain generators. These enable us to express the Kubo formula in different ways, related by Ward identities; some of these make contact with the adiabatic transport approach. The importance of retaining contact terms, analogous to the diamagnetic term in the familiar Kubo formula for conductivity, is emphasized. For Galilean-invariant systems, we derive a relation between the stress response tensor and the conductivity tensor that is valid at all frequencies and in both the presence and absence of a magnetic field. In the presence of a magnetic field and at low frequency, this yields a relation between the Hall viscosity, the ${q}^{2}$ part of the Hall conductivity, the inverse compressibility (suitably defined), and the diverging part of the shear viscosity (if any); this relation generalizes a result found recently by others. We show that the correct value of the Hall viscosity at zero frequency can be obtained (at least in the absence of low-frequency bulk and shear viscosity) by assuming that there is an orbital spin per particle that couples to a perturbing electromagnetic field as a magnetization per particle. We study several examples as checks on our formulation. We also present formulas for the stress response that directly generalize the Berry (adiabatic) curvature expressions for zero-frequency Hall conductivity or viscosity to the full tensors at all frequencies.
Solvent and temperature effects on the excited singlet state absorption of diphenylbutadiene.

Abstract— Nanosecond excited state absorption spectra of all-tram-l,4-diphenyl-l,3-butadiene (DPB) and a rigid s-cis DPB analog, 1,4-diphenyl-l,3-cyclopentadiene, were obtained in several hydrocarbon solvents at room temperature and low temperatures. Analysis of the excited state absorption spectra of these two molecules suggests the presence of excited state s-cis rotamers in DPB at room temperature.
Single-path flooding chain routing in mobile wireless networks

In this paper, we present a new position-based routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks, such as ad hoc networks and sensor networks. The proposed algorithm minimises the effect of inaccurate location information on routing, which is caused by periodical updates of node location information in the network. The algorithm achieves low communication complexity of O(√n), compared to other existing position-based algorithms with O(n) complexity, where n is the number of nodes in the network. In addition, unlike some existing routing algorithms, the new algorithm is insensitive to the mobility of mobile nodes and consistently performs well for various mobilities.
The Cardio-Vascular Construction Kit: computer-based tutoring utilizing constructive simulation of the cardio-vascular system

Abstract The Cardio-Vascular Construction Kit (CVCK) is a computer-based tutorial utilizing constructive simulation as a means of introducing students in general biology, animal physiology, or comparative anatomy to an understanding of pressure-flow relationships in a cardio-vascular system. In a general way, the program does accomplish its purpose. However, it is very inefficient of both time and disk space. The program is designed for operation on the Macintosh II family of computers, but will run on any Macintosh. At least four megabytes of RAM must be available on the hard disk. The kit includes a student laboratory manual, a user's manual, and two 3.5 in. diskettes.
Optimal part orientation in Rapid Manufacturing process for achieving geometric tolerances

Abstract Rapid Manufacturing (RM) processes have evolved from the Rapid Prototyping (RP) paradigm and are increasingly being used to manufacture parts, tools and dies in addition to prototypes. The advantages of RP methods to produce complex shapes without the use of specialized tooling can naturally be extended to RM processes. For RM to be accepted as a mainstream manufacturing process, parts created by RM have to consistently satisfy critical geometric tolerances specifications for various features of the part. This paper investigates the relation between cylindricity tolerance, one of the key form tolerances, and part build orientation in layered manufacturing. The effect of build orientation on cylindricity error is analyzed by three methods: first by a simple analytic method, second by simulating the manufactured surface using a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file of the part and third by using an STL (Stereolithography) file. The mathematical relationship between cylindricity error and part orientation in a RM process is modeled and critical feasible regions for cylinder build orientation are calculated. A graphical technique for calculating the optimal build orientation for a part with multiple cylindrical features is also developed and presented in this paper. This method is tested and validated with the help of a test case and the results are provided in the paper.
Politicizing difference: Interpreting citizenship as a dimension of diversity in pre-service teachers’ narratives

Abstract In examining life history narratives of 14 linguistically and culturally diverse pre-service teachers, this study addresses two research questions: How do pre-service teachers construct difference between themselves and others? How do they express a sense of belonging and community membership (or construct citizenship) in representing themselves as prospective teachers of ELs? Data were generated through individual life history and focus group interviews, journal entries, and beliefs surveys. Several levels of narrative analyses were conducted, including holistic (thematic) content analysis and analysis of particular textual elements. Attending to citizenship as a power-laden dimension of diversity provides a space to challenge dominant ideologies. The authors call for teacher education to more aggressively address the ways in which constructions of difference and citizenship are inter-related and how pre-service teachers’ views and the ways in which they reflect upon their experiences influence their imagined (mis)conceptions of ELs as learners and participants in classroom communities.
Embedded Bare and Insulated Antennas

A quantitative study is made of the receiving qualities of antennas embedded a short distance below the surface of a dissipative material in terms of the complex transfer function and the properties of the antenna. Types of antennas investigated include bare and insulated dipoles as single elements and in two-element broadside arrays. The eccentrically insulated dipole is also studied. Actual voltages across practical load impedances are determined when the antennas are embedded specifically at depths of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 cm in hide or skin. Comparable results apply also to muscle. A similar but more involved analysis is required if quantitative account is to be taken of a subcutaneous layer of fat between the skin and muscle. It is shown that the frequency for maximum voltage across the load with skin as the material is 700 MHz and that resonant bare dipoles have a practical length. However, the higher directivity of insulated dipoles provides comparable voltages with the same antennas and loads at 3 GHz.
Mesothelium Expression of Integrins In Vivo and In Vitro

Objective:To characterize the expression of α subunits of integrin adhesion molecules in peritoneal tissue in vivo and in vitro.Method:Peritoneum from the anterior abdominal wall (n = 22) and the serosa of the posterior uterus (n = 11) was obtained from women of reproductive age without endometriosis who were undergoing surgery for benign conditions. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on serial of peritoneum from the anterior abdominal wall, the uterine serosa, mesothelial monolayer cultures, and peritoneum explants from the abdominal wall using monoclonal antibodies to α subunits of integrin adhesion molecules. Electron microscopy was performed to localize these adhesion molecules in the mesothelium.Results:The mesothelial expression of α integrin subunits was identical in the anterior peritoneum and uterine serosa. In vivo the mesothelium strongly expressed α2 and α3 and variably expressed α6. In the monolayer cultures there was moderate/strong staining for α2, α3, and α5; and αv; α6 was variabl...
Infrared Absorption of the Hydroxyl Ion in Alkali Halide Crystals

The O\char22{}H stretching band and its immediate sidebands have been studied for O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ impurities in NaCl, KCl, RbCl, KBr, KI, and NaBr from 1.4 to 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Sideband splittings range from 12 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in NaCl:O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ to 37 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ in KBr:O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, and correlate with dips in the low-temperature thermal conductivity and with far-infrared absorption bands. Preliminary results on the electric-field-induced dichroism in KCl:O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and RbCl:O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ give a dipole transition moment perpendicular to the O\char22{}H axis for the main sideband. There is evidence that several sidebands in NaCl:O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are themselves combination bands with one or more 2-3-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ tunneling levels. The first overtone yields values of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{e}=3790$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{e}{x}_{e}=85.5$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in KBr. These values explain very well the O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$/O${\mathrm{D}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ isotope shift of the main stretching band in KBr and KCl. The main-band oscillator strengths are small, on the order of 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ for most crystals, but this value is consistent with a theoretical calculation of the dipole moment by Cade. The main bands broaden rapidly with increasing temperature, possibly indicating a prominent lifetime-limiting role played by the sideband levels. The sideband levels themselves are tentatively suggested to be due to a center-of-mass resonance in KBr:O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and to a librational resonance or fast tunneling level in KCl:O${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$.
Combined Mode I–Mode II Fracture of 12‐mol%‐Ceria‐Doped Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystalline Ceramic

The mode I, mode II, and combined mode I-mode II fracture behavior of ceria-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline (Ce-TZP) ceramic was studied. The single-edge-precracked-beam (SEPB) samples were fractured using the asymmetric four-point-bend geometry. The ratio of mode I to mode II loading was varied by varying the degree of asymmetry in the four-point-bend geometry. The minimum strain energy density theory best described the mixed-mode fracture behavior of Ce-TZP with the mode I fracture toughness, K{sub IC} = 8.2 {+-} 0.6 MPa{center_dot}m{sup 1/2}, and the mode II fracture toughness, K{sub IIC} = 8.6 {+-} 1.3 MPa{center_dot}m{sup 1/2}.
Folate receptor‐mediated drug targeting: From therapeutics to diagnostics

Folate targeted drug delivery has emerged as an alternative therapy for the treatment and imaging of many cancers and inflammatory diseases. Due to its small molecular size and high binding affinity for cell surface folate receptors (FR), folate conjugates have the ability to deliver a variety of molecular complexes to pathologic cells without causing harm to normal tissues. Complexes that have been successfully delivered to FR expressing cells, to date, include protein toxins, immune stimulants, chemotherapeutic agents, liposomes, nanoparticles, and imaging agents. This review will summarize the applications of folic acid as a targeting ligand and highlight the various methods being developed for delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents to FR-expressing cells.
The contribution of the glycine cleavage system to the pathogenesis of Francisella tularensis

Biosynthesis and acquisition of nutrients during infection are integral to pathogenesis. Members of a metabolic pathway, the glycine cleavage system, have been identified in virulence screens of the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis but their role in pathogenesis remains unknown. This system generates 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, a precursor of amino acid and DNA synthesis, from glycine degradation. To characterize this pathway, deletion of the gcvT homolog, an essential member of this system, was performed in attenuated and virulent F. tularensis strains. Deletion mutants were auxotrophic for serine but behaved similar to wild-type strains with respect to host cell invasion, intracellular replication, and stimulation of TNF-α. Unexpectedly, the glycine cleavage system was required for the pathogenesis of virulent F. tularensis in a murine model. Deletion of the gcvT homolog delayed mortality and lowered bacterial burden, particularly in the liver and bloodstream. To reconcile differences between the cell culture model and animal model, minimal tissue culture media was employed to mimic the nutritionally limiting environment of the host. This reevaluation demonstrated that the glycine cleavage system contributes to the intracellular replication of virulent F. tularensis in serine limiting environments. Thus, the glycine cleavage system is the serine biosynthetic pathway of F. tularensis and contributes to pathogenesis in vivo.
The UGT2B17 gene deletion polymorphism and risk of prostate cancer. A case-control study in Caucasians

Abstract Background: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B17 is a phase II metabolizing enzyme that mediates the glucuronidation of C 19 steroids. A deletion polymorphism in the UGT2B17 gene is associated with a substantial reduction in glucuronidation activity in vitro . Methods: We examined the association between the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism and the risk of incident prostate cancer in a population-based study from central Arkansas that included 411 Caucasian cases and 397 Caucasian controls. We developed a novel high-throughput procedure that uses real-time PCR and allelic discrimination for genotyping analysis. Results: The prevalence of the UGT2B17 deletion [(0/0)] was 12% in the controls, which was consistent with previous population estimates and with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. There was no association between the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism and prostate cancer risk in unconditional logistic regression analysis. Compared to the wild-type group (+/+), the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 0.89 (95% CI=0.55–1.45) for the homozygous deletion (0/0), and the OR was 0.99 (95% CI=0.73–1.35) for the heterozygote group (+/0). Conclusion: These findings show that the UGT2B17 deletion polymorphism is not associated with prostate cancer risk in Caucasians.
Where Forward-Looking and Backward-Looking Models Meet

The present paper begins by deriving an instantaneous formulation for the backward-looking (reinforcement based learning) satisfaction balance model of Gray and Tallman (1984). This model is then used to generate interactional data from four simulated agents in a network interaction experiment. Because this initial model does not generate stable interaction structures in the network experiment, it is altered step by step in the direction of a forward-looking (agent with goals) model that has been shown to generate such stable interaction structures. The purpose of the modifications are to learn what aspects of the forward-looking model are needed to evolve a stable interaction structure, and to learn how these aspects may be incorporated into a model that remains essentially reinforcement based.
Ladar-Based Discrimination of Grass from Obstacles for Autonomous Navigation

Autonomous navigation in vegetated terrain requires the ability to discriminate obstacles from grass, a non-trivial problem when the sensorial world of the robot is based only on range information as provided, for example, by a laser rangefinder (ladar). We present a statistical analysis of the range data produced by a single-axis ladar in different situations, including the case of an obstacle partially occluded by grass. Such analysis inspired a simple classification algorithm, which has been tested on real range data acquired by JPL’s urban robot.
Short Sales, Class-Action Lawsuits, and Potential Information Leakages

Recent allegations of abusive practices by class-action lawsuit filing firms and short sellers have been brought to the attention of the SEC. These allegations claim that lawyers purposely leak information about filing dates to short sellers and other investors. We investigate these claims by examining shorting activity around securities-related class-action lawsuit filings. We find a significant increase in shorting activity during the five days prior to the lawsuit filing. Further, the return predictability of short selling is markedly higher during the pre-filing period than during non-event periods. In other tests, we also find abnormal shorting activity and abnormally high return predictability during the five days after the filing. Interestingly, both the abnormal post-filing shorting activity and return predictability are driven by filings that result in either cash settlements or judgments for the plaintiffs.
Surgical rehabilitation of the planovalgus foot in cerebral palsy

The objectives of this study were to quantitatively determine the effects of subtalar arthrodesis on the planovalgus foot using three-dimensional (3-D) gait analysis and plantar pressure measurements. Twelve children and adolescents with planovalgus foot deformity secondary to spastic cerebral palsy participated in this outcome study. The pediatric population were evaluated preoperatively and following subtalar fusion. Seventeen feet were operated for the correction of the planovalgus foot deformity. A Holter-type microprocessor-based portable in-shoe data acquisition system was used in this study to collect the multistep dynamic plantar pressure history, while a five-camera Vicon-based gait analysis system was used to track the lower extremity joint kinematics. The results obtained from the plantar pressure measurement showed significant increases in mean peak vertical planter pressures postoperatively at the lateral midfoot and lateral metatarsal heads. Mean contact durations and mean pressure-time integrals were also significantly increased at these plantar locations following foot surgery. This redistribution in pressure metrics suggests the formation of new lateral planter weight bearing areas. The 3-D gait analysis system, using standardized lower extremity measurements, was unable to reveal any significant changes in joint kinematics, particularly at the foot and ankle where the surgery was performed. This suggests the need for a more refined system to track the complex motion of the pediatric foot and ankle during gait.