cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' engagement with unhealthy food and beverage brands on social media.

Abstract Introduction Food-related promotion of brands via social media represents an increasingly important youth-targeted marketing strategy, but little is known about how adolescents interact with these brands online. This study measures adolescents’ social media engagement with food/beverage brands, sociodemographic differences in level of engagement, and relationships between engagement and screen time. Methods Cross-sectional online survey of US adolescents (ages 13–17, N = 1564), oversampled for non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic (more- and less-acculturated) participants, assessed restaurant, food, and beverage brands ever liked, shared, or followed of on social media. Multivariate logistic regression models examined associations between brand engagement, sociodemographic variables (race/ethnicity, acculturation, age, gender, and parent education), and screen time (TV and other screens). Results Seventy percent of adolescents reported engaging with any food/beverage brands on social media (ranging from 1 to 48), and 35% engaged with 5 + brands. Non-Hispanic Black and less-acculturated Hispanic adolescents were more likely than non-Hispanic White adolescents to engage with brands. Approximately one-half reported engaging with brands of fast food (54% of participants), sugary drinks (50%), candy (46%), and snacks (45%), while just 7% reported engaging with all other categories of food/beverage brands. Watching TV more than 2 h-per-day was associated with any brand engagement; while using other screens more than 2 h-per-day was associated with following 5 + brands. Conclusions Engagement with unhealthy food brands on social media is common among adolescents. Disproportionate engagement by non-Hispanic Black and less-acculturated Hispanic youth raises additional concerns. Research is needed to understand how such marketing affects adolescents’ food preferences, diets, and health.
10 GHz Standing Wave Oscillator Based Clock Distribution Network Considering Distributed Capacitance

The paper presents 10 GHz standing wave oscillator (SWO) minimizing distributed capacitance C d (distributed capacitance generated from multiple cross-coupled pairs (CCP)) for the clock distribution network. The conventional SWOs have been proposed for a negative resistance g d (an equivalent transconductance per CCP) to get rid of conductance in RLGC extracted from a transmission line. However, the SWOs have not considered its capacitance. The C d can not only increase its phase constant but also decrease the unit length of the transmission line. In the proposed SWO, a MOS varactor, C var (V)(voltage controlled capacitance), is added to minimize c d (equivalent capacitance per CCP). To adjust the capacitance of the varactors, the external voltage, V B , is added. The impedance of the SWO can be represented as $2\left( { - \frac{1}{{{g_{m1}}}} - \frac{1}{{{g_{m2}}}} - s\frac{1}{{{C_{var}}\left( {{V_B}} \right)}} + s\frac{1}{{{C_{gs3,4}}}}} \right)$. The conductance for the proposed design is -4.83mS, which is reduced by 30% compared with the conventional design. The admittance of the capacitance in the proposed design is 3.76 mS while the conventional design has 6.07 mS, which shows approximately 2.29 mS (38%) reduction. The design is simulated by a 180nm CMOS technology node with 1.8V power supply, and the total power consumption is 5.4 mW for the proposed SWO.
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis ACTN4 mutants binding to actin: regulation by phosphomimetic mutations.

Natural mutations such as lysine 255 to glutamic acid (K to E), threonine 259 to isoleucine (T to I) and serine 262 to proline (S to P) that occur within the actin binding domain of alpha-actinin-4 (ACTN4) cause an autosomal dominant form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in affected humans. This appears due to elevated actin binding propensity in podocytes resulting in a ‘frozen’ cytoskeleton. What is challenging is how this cellular behavior would be compatible with other cell functions that rely on cytoskeleton plasticity. Our previous finding revealed that wild type ACTN4 can be phosphorylated at tyrosine 4 and 31 upon stimulation by epidermal growth factor (EGF) to reduce the binding to actin cytoskeleton. We queried whether the elevated actin binding activity of FSGS mutants can be downregulated by EGF-mediated phosphorylation, to discern a mechanism by which the actin-cytoskeleton can be released in FSGS. In this manuscript, we first constructed variants with Y4/31E to mimic the phosphorylation at tyrosines 4 and 31 based on earlier modeling simulations that predicted that this would bury the actin binding domains and lead to a decrease in actin binding activity. We found that Y4/31E significantly reduced the actin binding activity of K255E, T259I and S262P, dramatically preventing them from aggregating in, and inhibiting motility of, podocytes, fibroblasts and melanoma cells. A putative kinase target site at Y265 in the actin binding domain was also generated as a phosphomimetic ACTN4 Y265E that demonstrated even greater binding to actin filaments than K255E and the other FSGS mutants. That the tyrosine kinase regulation of FSGS mutation binding to actin filaments can occur in cells was shown by phosphorylation on Y4 and Y31 of the K225E after extended exposure of cells to EGF, with a decrease in ACTN4 aggregates in fibroblasts. These findings will provide evidence for targeting the N-termini of FSGS ACTN4 mutants to downregulate their actin binding activities for ameliorating the glomerulosclerotic phenotype of patients.
Ser hermanos más allá de la globalización. El desarrollo humano integral en Caritas in Veritate

Our editorial in this issue appears a year after the publication of Pope Benedict’s XVI encyclical, Caritas in Veritate (CIV). For this reason we would like to highlight the importance that this text holds for those of us, in particular, who form part of the Editorial Board of this Journal as well as for the whole institution that publishes it, INSA-ETEA of Cordoba. Given that development is the central theme of the encyclical, the theses that we have formulated are about those aspects of development that we find to be the most significant, our text being based on the inspiration provided by the encyclical, and our theses accompanied by the issues and critical perspectives posed by the encyclical itself. The basic outline we have followed is that: the first two statements reflect the key theses of CiV, the next three explicitly explain the rationale behind the Christian concept of integral human development, and in the last three we determine points of dialogue that are common with other humanistic, ideological or political positions outside the Christian tradition and that we encounter in our search for integral human development.
A Methodological Review of Research Syntheses Involving Reading Interventions for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) exhibit problem behaviors that potentially result in lower performance in reading and related content areas. Researchers and policy makers hav...
Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of Brugia pahangi FR3.

ABSTRACT Brugia pahangi is a zoonotic parasite that is closely related to human-infecting filarial nematodes. Here, we report the nearly complete genome of Brugia pahangi, including assemblies of four autosomes and an X chromosome, with only seven gaps. The Y chromosome is still not completely assembled.
Atrial functional versus ventricular functional mitral regurgitation: Prognostic implications.

Abstract Background Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) occurs because of left atrial dilatation or atrial fibrillation in heart failure with preserved left ventricular (LV) function, contrary to ventricular FMR, which occurs because of LV dysfunction. Despite pathophysiological differences, current guidelines do not discriminate between these 2 entities. Methods From January 2002 to March 2019, all adult patients with ≥3+ mitral regurgitation who underwent mitral valve repair or replacement were identified. Postoperative outcomes and midterm time-to-event rates (survival and reoperation) were compared. Results Overall, 94 atrial FMR (mean age, 67.6 years) and 84 ventricular FMR (mean age, 64 years) patients met inclusion criteria. Differences in baseline cardiac morphology and function of the atrial FMR and ventricular FMR patients were as follows: concomitant atrial fibrillation (37.2% vs 14.3%), heart failure (42.6% vs 63.1%), LV ejection fraction (60% vs 37%), at least moderate LV dilation (4.8% vs 40.6%), and moderate/severe right heart dysfunction (15.2% vs 5.1%), respectively. Operative mortality was 0% in the atrial FMR versus 1.2% in the ventricular FMR cohort. Actuarial estimates of survival and freedom from reoperation at 5 and 10 years was significantly higher in the atrial FMR cohort versus the ventricular FMR cohort. Ventricular FMR also remained a significant predictor of midterm mortality in our risk-adjusted analysis (adjusted hazard ratio for ventricular FMR, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.001-3.26). Conclusions There are important differences in baseline characteristics in terms of cardiac morphology and function among atrial FMR and ventricular FMR patients, which appear to affect in-hospital and midterm outcomes. Because of these discrepancies, early discrimination between these 2 etiologies of FMR might facilitate more tailored approaches to management.
Pork Belly Politics: The Moral and Instrumental Reasons Clients Donate to Patrons in a Rural Colombian Mayoral Election

Why, in the context of a rural Colombian mayoral election, do poor clients donate goods and services to political campaigns? The literature on clientelism describes it as a political order in which politicians exchange resources or favors for political support. In this article, I describe the clientelist relationships and exchanges in a 2019 rural Colombian mayoral election, including what I call pork belly politics, where poor clients also donate scarce resources—most notably crispy fried pork belly—to patrons. Based on eleven months of ethnographic and interview data from before, during, and after the campaign, I show that elections are a crucial time for the rural poor to position themselves vis-a-vis the future mayor. Further, I show that the practices I describe are simultaneously instrumental, calculated to guarantee their access to needed public resources for the four-year term, and moral, rooted in a broader political culture based on norms of reciprocity. I explain the three levels of clientelist relationships that emerge during campaigns, and the practices and expectations at play in each. These findings add new depth to our understanding of rural politics and poverty, client agency, and the moral and instrumental dimensions of clientelist exchanges.
Global well-posedness for the energy-critical focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation on T4

Abstract In this paper, we consider the global (in time) well-posedness for the focusing cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) on 4-dimensional tori –either rational or irrational– and with initial data in H 1 . We prove that if a maximal-lifespan solution of the focusing cubic NLS u : I × T 4 → C satisfies sup t ∈ I ⁡ ‖ u ( t ) ‖ H ˙ 1 ( T 4 ) ‖ W ‖ H ˙ 1 ( R 4 ) , then it is a global solution. W denotes the ground state on Euclidean space, which is a stationary solution of the corresponding focusing equation in R 4 . As a consequence, we also construct the global solution with some threshold conditions related to the modified energy of the initial data which is the energy modified by the mass of the initial data and the best constants of Sobolev embedding on T 4 .
Pessaries for Managing Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Women.

Pessaries combined with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) probably improve pelvic organ prolapse symptoms in women and prolapse-specific quality of life compared with PFMT alone.
Infected nonunion of the tibia due to paenibacillus turicensis in a healthy young adult after an all-terrain vehicle accident

We present the case of a 19-year-old man with an open fracture of the tibia and fibula secondary to an accident with an all-terrain vehicle. He underwent operative excisional irrigation, debridement, and fixation on the day of injury. His course was complicated by nonunion of the tibia fracture. Infection is a common factor in fracture nonunion, even in patients who receive appropriate surgical and antimicrobial management. Paenibacillus turicensis, an organism adapted to survive in the environment via spore formation, was responsible for nonunion in our patient. A brief discussion of this unusual organism, fracture nonunion, and the role of infection in etiology of nonunion follows.
Mesenteric Resection in Rectal Cancer

A complete mesorectal resection (total mesorectal excision, TME) is essential for the curative resection of locally advanced rectal cancer. Corollaries to TME include obtaining oncologically acceptable distal and circumferential tumor-free margins. Strict adherence to these intra-operative surgical tenets within the context of multidisciplinary care help ensure optimal outcomes.
Novel improved PMR polyimides

A series of N-phenylnadimide (PN) modified PMR polyimide composites reinforced with graphite fibers was investigated. The improved flow matrix resins consist of N-phenylnadimide (PN), monomenthyl ester of 5-norbornene-2, 3-dicarboxylic acid (NE), dimethyl ester of 3,3, 4,4-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acide (BTDE), and 4,4 methylenedianiline (MDA). Five modified PMR resin systems were formulated by the addition of 4 to 20 mole percent N-phenylnadimide to the standard PMR-15 composition. These formulations and the control PMR resin were evaluated for rheological characteristics. The initial thermal and mechanical properties of the PN modified PMR and the control PMR/Celion 6000 composites were determined. The results show that the addition of N-phenylnadimide to PMR-15 significantly improved the resin flow characteristics without sacrificing the composites properties. Concentrations of 4 and 9 mole percent PN appear to improve the thermoxidative stability of PMR composites.
Cumulative and Relative Disadvantage as Long-Term Determinants of Negative Self-feelings*: CUMULATIVE AND RELATIVE DISADVANTAGE

We analyze the long-term effects of neighborhood poverty and crime on negative self-feelings of young adults. Cumulative and relative disadvantage explanations are tested with the interactive effect of (1) neighborhood and individual-level economic disadvantage and (2) neighborhood crime and economic disadvantage. Results from a longitudinal study following adolescents to young adulthood show that the development of negative self-feelings (a combination of depression, anxiety, and self-derogation) is determined by relative, rather than cumulative disadvantage. The poor in affluent neighborhoods have the highest negative self-feelings, while the relatively wealthy in poor neighborhoods have the lowest negative self-feelings. Similarly, we find the highest increase in negative self-feelings is found in an affluent neighborhood with crime and not in a poor neighborhood with crime.
What Lawrence Brought for "Show and Tell": The Non-fundamental Liberty Interest in a Minimally Adequate Education

In 1973, under an Equal Protection Clause challenge, the Supreme Court in San Antonio v. Rod1iguez held that education is not a fundamental right implicitly or explicitly found within the U.S. Constitution. The substantiye due process jurisprudence of the Court's 2003 term raises serious questions about the legal and theoretical underpinnings of Rodriguez. Lawrence v. Texas stands for a bold, new architecture that the Court may employ in future substantiye due process decisions. This Note argues that if the due process analysis forged in Lawrence is followed, the Supreme Court may reconsider its thirty-year-old Rodriguez decision, recognize the non-fundamental liberty interest in a minimally adequate education under the Due Process Clause, and proyide some relief to schoolchildren in grossly underperforming schools.
Three maximally entangled states can require two-way local operations and classical communication for local discrimination

We show that there exist sets of three mutually orthogonal $d$-dimensional maximally entangled states which cannot be perfectly distinguished using one-way local operations and classical communication (LOCC) for arbitrarily large values of $d$. This contrasts with several well-known families of maximally entangled states, for which any three states can be perfectly distinguished. We then show that two-way LOCC is sufficient to distinguish these examples. We also show that any three mutually orthogonal $d$-dimensional maximally entangled states can be perfectly distinguished using measurements with a positive partial transpose (PPT) and can be distinguished with one-way LOCC with high probability. These results circle around the question of whether there exist three maximally entangled states which cannot be distinguished using the full power of LOCC; we discuss possible approaches to answer this question.
Pizza and Pizza Chefs in Japan: A Case of Culinary Globalization: By Rossella Ceccarini

(2013). Pizza and Pizza Chefs in Japan: A Case of Culinary Globalization: By Rossella Ceccarini. Food, Culture & Society: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 161-164.
AS VIDAS BRACERO E A FALTA DE ÓCIO NO “TEMPO LIVRE”

O Programa Bracero recrutou mais de 4,5 milhoes de trabalhadores mexicanos temporarios para trabalharem na industria agricola nos EUA entre 1942-1964. Este programa representou uma das maiores afluencias de emigrantes mexicanos aos Estados Unidos e um dos maiores esforcos bi-nacionais para tornar os corpos trabalhadores pre-modernos em corpos abjetos. Enquanto a maior parte da bolsa Bracero se foca em nacao, cidadania, modernidade, fratura da familia mexicana e migracao, este ensaio fornece um relato sobre como o poder, a legibilidade e o desejo sao configurados na falta de ocio na esfera domestica dos Bracero, atraves da analise de imagens selecionadas do arquivo documental de 1956, do fotografo Leonard Nadel. Argumenta-se que mesmo nos tempos de suposto ocio, os seus papeis de genero foram reconfigurados atraves de variadas formas de trabalho reprodutivo na esfera domestica homosocial.
Enhanced Sintering Rate of Zirconia (3Y‐TZP) Through the Effect of a Weak dc Electric Field on Grain Growth

We show, for the first time, that a dc electric field of 20 V/cm shifts the densification curve to a lower temperature in constant heating rate experiments with yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia powder (3Y-TZP). The enhanced sintering rate is ascribed, at least in part, to the reduced rate of grain growth under the applied field, consistent with earlier experiments on the influence of such fields on grain size in superplastic deformation and isothermal grain growth in zirconia polycrystals.
Molecular diagnosis of long QT syndrome at 10 days of life by rapid whole genome sequencing

Background The advent of clinical next generation sequencing is rapidly changing the landscape of rare disease medicine. Molecular diagnosis of long QT syndrome (LQTS) can affect clinical management, including risk stratification and selection of pharmacotherapy on the basis of the type of ion channel affected, but results from the current gene panel testing requires 4–16 weeks before return to clinicians. Objective A term female infant presented with 2:1 atrioventricular block and ventricular arrhythmias consistent with perinatal LQTS, requiring aggressive treatment including epicardial pacemaker and cardioverter-defibrillator implantation and sympathectomy on day of life 2. We sought to provide a rapid molecular diagnosis for the optimization of treatment strategies. Methods We performed Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–certified rapid whole genome sequencing (WGS) with a speed-optimized bioinformatics platform to achieve molecular diagnosis at 10 days of life. Results We detected a known pathogenic variant in KCNH2 that was demonstrated to be paternally inherited by follow-up genotyping. The unbiased assessment of the entire catalog of human genes provided by WGS revealed a maternally inherited variant of unknown significance in a novel gene. Conclusion Rapid clinical WGS provides faster and more comprehensive diagnostic information at 10 days of life than does standard gene panel testing. In selected clinical scenarios such as perinatal LQTS, rapid WGS can provide more timely and clinically actionable information than can a standard commercial test.
Capt: Concurrent assignment and planning of trajectories for multiple robots

In this paper, we consider the problem of concurrent assignment and planning of trajectories (which we denote Capt) for a team of robots. This problem involves simultaneously addressing two challenges: (1) the combinatorially complex problem of finding a suitable assignment of robots to goal locations, and (2) the generation of collision-free, time parameterized trajectories for every robot. We consider the Capt problem for unlabeled (interchangeable) robots and propose algorithmic solutions to two variations of the Capt problem. The first algorithm, c-Capt, is a provably correct, complete, centralized algorithm which guarantees collision-free optimal solutions to the Capt problem in an obstacle-free environment. To achieve these strong claims, c-Capt exploits the synergy obtained by combining the two subproblems of assignment and trajectory generation to provide computationally tractable solutions for large numbers of robots. We then propose a decentralized solution to the Capt problem through d-Capt, a decentralized algorithm that provides suboptimal results compared to c-Capt . We illustrate the algorithms and resulting performance through simulation and experimentation.
Scaling of ab-initio nuclear physics calculations on multicore computer architectures

Abstract We discuss the scaling behavior of a state-of-the-art Configuration Interaction code for nuclear physics on modern multicore computer architectures. In the CI approach, the quantum many-body problem is expressed as a large sparse symmetric eigenvalue problem, of which the lowest eigenvalues and eigenvectors have to be computed. We compare the performance of the pure MPI version with the hybrid MPI/OpenMP code on Cray XT4 and XT5 platforms. For large core counts (typically 5,000 and above), the hybrid version is more efficient than pure MPI.
Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)‐α in Normally Cycling Women and Patients with Premature Ovarian Failure and Polycystic Ovaries

Naz RK, Thurston D, Santoro N. Circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in normally cycling women and patients with premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovaries. AJRI 1995 ; 34 :170-175. © Munksgaard, Copenhagen PROBLEM : The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in sera of infertile patients having premature ovarian failure (POF) and polycystic ovaries (PCO), and to compare the levels with those in age-matched normally cycling women. METHOD : Levels of TNF-α, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2) were measured in the sera of infertile and normal women by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluorescent immunoassay and radioimmunoassay (RIA), respectively. Multiple groups comparisons were performed using Dunnet's test. Post-hoc analysis was performed using a Tukey-Kramer test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS : TNF-α levels were significantly (P = 0.003 to <.0001) lower in the sera of patients with POF compared to sera of controls and patients with PCO. CONCLUSIONS : TNF-α may have a role in ovarian function. Derangement in follicular development, luteal function and atresia results in a change of circulating TNF-α levels.
Children’s Readiness Gains in Publically Funded, Community-Based Pre-kindergarten Programs for 4 Year Olds and Preschool for 3 Year Olds

Many states provide public funding to facilitate school readiness for community-based pre-K and preschool programs for 4 year old children and ‘at risk’ 3 year old children. Little research exists on the school readiness gains of children participating in these “garden variety” community-based programs. The current study evaluated the child outcome gains in cognitive, communication and social/learning domains of 4 year old pre-K children and 3 year old preschool children participating in publicly funded, community-based programs. A sample of 132 children (86 four year olds and 46 three year olds) participating in publicly funded community pre-K and preschool programs were assessed at the beginning and end of the year. Paired samples t tests were conducted to determine if the mean scores on posttests were significantly different than pretests on measures using SPSS software. Findings revealed the 4 year old children significantly increased their standard scores (SS) in cognitive, receptive vocabulary and social–emotional development. No change in SS was reported on the communication subtest. There was no statistically significant change in SS of the 3 year olds in any of the areas assessed. Children attending the “garden variety” publicly supported community based pre-K programs make notable gains in school readiness, but growth rates remained stable for the 3 year olds. Mean scores at pretest on some of the subtests were below average indicating the programs are reaching at-risk children. Findings suggest differences in the structural variables of the two programs may have contributed to the outcomes.
Photonic integrator for A/D conversion

This paper presents a novel optical leaky integrator for an all-optical A/D converter based-on sigma-delta modulation. The device consists of two main components: a fiber ring resonator (FRR) and a wavelength converter. The FRR comprises a SOA and an optical filter that defines the resonance wavelength λ 2 . The modulated input signal, at wavelength λ 1 , changes the gain of the loop through cross-gain modulation (XGM) and thus modifies the loop accumulation. A theoretical model for the system is developed that accounts for critical design parameters such as the loop coupling ratio, length, and XGM in the SOA. The system is characterized for square input signals ranging 0.5- 5MHz. The integrator time constant is adjusted between 5% and 25% of the input signal period through modifications in the loop coupling ratio and the SOA driving-current. Experimental results show excellent agreements with the numerical simulations. Due to the length of the fiber-loop, the operation frequency of the integrator is limited to the MHz range. However, the operating frequency can be increased up to hundreds of MHz by shrinking the components' optical fibers, or up to GHz range, by using current photonic integration technologies.
Use of the assay balance in microchemical analysis

A type VM assay balance ofAinsworth gave a standard deviation of ± 0.3γ with zero load and a standard deviation of approximately ± 0.7γ with loads from 0.6 to 1g. Compared with microchemical balances it proved less sensitive to minor temperature fluctuations but more affected by vibrations.
Autosome-wide linkage analysis of hip structural phenotypes in the Old Order Amish

Abstract Introduction Fracture risk is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and with other indices of bone strength, including hip geometry. While the heritability and associated fracture risk of BMD are well described, less is known about genetic influences of bone geometry. We derived hip structural phenotypes using the Hip Structural Analysis program (HSA) and performed autosome-wide linkage analysis of hip geometric structural phenotypes. Materials and methods The Amish Family Osteoporosis Study was designed to identify genes affecting bone health. BMD was measured at the hip using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 879 participants (mean age ± SD = 49.8 ± 16.1 years, range 18–91 years) from large multigenerational families. From DXA scans, we computed structural measures of hip geometry at the femoral neck (NN) and shaft (S) by HSA, including cross-sectional area (CSA), endocortical or inner diameter (ID), outer diameter (OD) buckling ratio (BR) and section modulus (Z). Genotyping of 731 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers (average spacing of 5.4 cM) and autosome-wide multipoint linkage analysis was performed. Results The heritability of HSA-derived hip phenotypes ranged from 40 to 84%. In the group as a whole, autosome-wide linkage analysis suggested evidence of linkage for QTLs related to NN_Z on chromosome 1p36 (LOD = 2.36). In subgroup analysis, ten additional suggestive regions of linkage were found on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 17, all with LOD > 2.3 except for our linkage at 17q11.2-13 for men and women age 50 and under for NN_CSA, which had a lower LOD of 2.16, but confirmed a previous linkage report. Conclusions We found HSA-derived measures of hip structure to be highly heritable independent of BMD. No strong evidence of linkage was found for any phenotype. Confirmatory evidence of linkage was found on chromosome 17q11.2-12 for NN_CSA. Modest evidence was found for genes affecting hip structural phenotypes at ten other chromosomal locations.
Photoelectric Measurements of the Absorption of Fused and Crystalline Quartz Between 1633 and 1463A

The transmission of eight sections of one specimen of crystalline quartz, eleven sections of another crystal, and six sections of a piece of fused quartz from the General Electric Company was determined between 1633 and 1463A. The method is the same as that used for fluorite, except that the photoelectric currents are measured by an FP-54 Pliotron with a galvanometer in the plate circuit. The fused quartz and the first crystal showed large variations in the coefficient of absorption. The other crystal was much more homogeneous, and from it the percentage of light removed at the surfaces was determined. The extraordinary variations in the coefficient of absorption show the importance of actually testing a piece of quartz in the ultraviolet before incorporating it in an instrument for use in that region.
The influence of tidal forcing on groundwater flow and nutrient exchange in a salt marsh-dominated estuary

Data from salt marshes in the U.S. Southeast show that long-term variations in mean water level (MWL) correlate strongly with salt marsh productivity and porewater salinity. Here we used numerical models of tidally-driven groundwater flow to assess the effect of variations in tidal amplitude and MWL on porewater exchange between salt marshes and tidal creeks. We modeled homogeneous and layered stratigraphy and compared flat and sloped topography for the marsh surface. Results are consistent with field observations and showed that increases in tidal amplitude increased groundwater flushing, particularly when increasing the tidal amplitude caused the marsh platform to be inundated at high tide. Increases in MWL caused groundwater flushing to increase if that rise caused greater areas of the marsh to be inundated at high tide. Once the marsh was fully inundated at high tide, further increases in MWL caused groundwater flushing to decrease. Results suggest that small increases in MWL associated with sea level rise could increase nutrient export significantly in marshes with elevations that are equilibrated near mean high water, but rising sea level could decrease the export of nutrients to, and thus fertility in, estuaries adjacent to marshes that are equilibrated lower in the tidal frame. Likewise, macrotidal estuaries are predicted to be subject to much larger groundwater and nutrient exchange than similar microtidal estuaries. We speculate that the early stages of rising relative sea level may significantly impact water quality in estuaries that are not river-dominated by raising the discharge of nutrients from coastal wetlands.
Subterranean Sources of Juvenile Delinquency in China: Evidence from Birth Cohort Surveys

This article examines possible reasons for the dramatic rise in Chinese juvenile delinquency rates that have occurred since the start of economic reform. The article focuses on the degree to which relatively recent modifications in the ideology and practice of Chinese communism have engendered new social pressures and strains on young people. Delinquents’ social values are compared with those of non-delinquent youth, drawing heavily from data collected in a longitudinal birth cohort study. The dataset is assessed for evidence of subterranean values; i.e., subculture-based reflections of principles found within the dominant political culture; based on the theory that youthful deviance and delinquency in China are fueled primarily by the relatively rapid diffusion of often-contradictory market-based precepts. The lingering impact of Maoism is also assessed, particularly with regard to incongruous ideological influences on youth.
China’s Patriotic Pentecostals

How do Pentecostal and charismatic churches navigate the political terrain in countries where politics can be repressive, religious freedoms are not well protected, and pentecostalized forms of Christianity are viewed with suspicion, if not outright hostility, by those in power? Drawing on fieldwork in China, this article explores how unregistered Pentecostal and charismatic-leaning churches negotiate restrictive environments and attempt to make inroads into the public arena. I suggest that although these religious communities operate on the margins of the religious marketplace, they can nonetheless be considered patriotic. Such patriotism is demonstrated most readily through prayer and worship services, but also indirectly through the development of charitable and social work programs. This repertoire of patriotic action has two important implications for our understanding of religious groups in China. One is that it helps demonstrate that even unregistered religious communities are made up of patriotic and productive citizens who do not necessarily seek to challenge the authority of the party-state. The other is that religious leaders advocate patriotism, believing that it both strengthens and grows their churches, while combating negative images across the state and society.中国的爱国的灵恩信徒郭恺宁摘要在一些政治专制的国家, 宗教自由时常不能得到充分保障, 五旬节教派的各种存在方式即使不被统治者视为异己, 也总是招来戒备, 那么五旬灵恩教会是如何在这些国家的政治领域摸索发展的呢?本文通过在中国实地考察收取的数据,对未经注册的五旬灵恩教会是如何与政府交涉, 从而争取更大活动自由, 并且进入剬众舞台的过程进行深入探讨。我认为虽然这些宗教团体在宗教领域被边缘化了, 但是他们仍然被视为爱国的团体。这种爱国主义不仅直接体现在祷告与主日敬拜活动中, 也通过慈善捐款以及其他社会活动得以间接体现。这些爱国主义的体现对我们理解中国的宗教团体有两层含义:第一层, 这种现象显示未经注册的宗教团体的成员不一定会与政府唱反调;第二层, 宗教领袖们相信通过倡导爱国主义活动, 可以加强发展他们的教会, 同时减少社会上对他们的负面印象。
Testing Sealing Properties of Restorative Materials Against Moist Dentin

The objectives of this investigation were (1) to develop a sensitive laboratory system that simulates the physiological and clinical conditions of a prepared human tooth in order to facilitate the determination of the bonding and sealing efficacies of restorative dental materials and (2) to conduct experiments with two dentin bonding agents, two posterior composite resin restorative materials (hybrid and micro filled), and a glass-ionomer type II filling material. The system functioned well and provided data to indicate that, after margination, the two posterior composite resin restorative materials performed equally and both performed better than the glass-ionomer filling material; none of the materials provided a perfect seal immediately after insertion, although some restorations demonstrated perfect seals from 16 hours to 28 days after placement; the seal of the glass-ionomer material improved after 28 days of storage in buffer solution; each successive step in the respective composite resin procedure...
Determination of viscoelastic moduli of arteries

Abstract A model for the arterial wall, motivated by wave propagation findings, is developed. The wall is taken to be a viscoelastic, orthotropic, prestressed shell which is materially characterized at any prestress level by ten incremental moduli. By using the momentum equations and the wave propagation characteristics for three axisymmetric modes, the ten moduli are found in terms of the three wave speeds, the three attenuation coefficients and the prestresses.
College Textbook Publishing Patterns of Corporate Diversification and the Rationalization of the Publishing Process

Following World War II, the popularization of higher education in the United States produced a mass market for college textbooks. This opportunity attracted business concerns quite remote from book publishing. In a parallel move, large book publishers began to diversify their operations to promote growth and profitability. What impact has such diversification had on the college publishing process? The author studied a sample of twenty two U.S. college publishers, classified them according to four levels of corporate diversification, and identified the association of corporate diversification with the rationalization of the publishing process. The findings suggest that the more diversified a publishing business entity is, the more rationalized its college publishing operation is likely to be.
Activity of Ribosomal Phosphodiesterase in a Protozoan

In Tetrahymena pyriformis GL a phosphodiesterase bound to ribosomes has a requirement for divalent cations and is stimulated by potassium ions.
RECENT ZEEMAN RESULTS IN ERBIUM I.

Recent measurements of the Zeeman effect in Er i have resulted in a consistent set of Zeeman data, in excellent agreement with theory for the 4f126s2 and 4f115d6s2 electron configurations of Er i. The measured value of g = 1.166±0.003 for the 3H6 level of the 4f126s2 electron configuration reduces the possibility of that value differing from the theoretically predicted value or the value measured by atomic-beam methods.
Tetraspanin proteins promote multiple cancer stages

An abundance of evidence shows supporting roles for tetraspanin proteins in human cancer. Many studies show that the expression of tetraspanins correlates with tumour stage, tumour type and patient outcome. In addition, perturbations of tetraspanins in tumour cell lines can considerably affect cell growth, morphology, invasion, tumour engraftment and metastasis. This Review emphasizes new studies that have used de novo mouse cancer models to show that select tetraspanin proteins have key roles in tumour initiation, promotion and metastasis. This Review also emphasizes how tetraspanin proteins can sometimes participate in tumour angiogenesis. These recent data build an increasingly strong case for tetraspanins as therapeutic targets.
The recovery kinetics of deformed copper- palladium and gold-palladium alloys.

Recovery of deformed copper-palladium and gold- palladium alloys by isothermal and isochronal annealing, noting vacancy and interstitial migration
Modification of available arginine residues in proteins by p-hydroxyphenylglyoxal

Abstract p -Hydroxyphenylglyoxal reacts with arginine residues in proteins to give a single product which can be quantitated spectrophotometrically. The reaction takes place under mild conditions, pH 7–9 and 25°C. Under these conditions up to complete modification of N α -citraconyl- l -arginine was obtained within 60 min with less than 5% modification of other common amino acid side chains. The extent of modification in a protein can be determined at 340 nm using the molar absorption coefficient of 1.83 × 10 4 m −1 cm −1 for the product at pH 9.0 and 25°C following removal of excess reagent by gel filtration. Several proteins, previously shown to have essential arginines, were modified by p -hydroxyphenylglyoxal and the losses in arginines were determined spectrophotometrically. These results were in close agreement with those of previous investigators. Rhea ovomucoid, a glycoprotein without arginines but containing an essential lysine, was relatively unaffected.
Instructional design best practices for Second Life: a case study from a college-level English course

Interest in the instructional application of virtual worlds, such as Second Life (SL), has grown substantially. However, little information is available about effective instructional activities using virtual worlds. This case study illustrates lessons learned from a pilot integrating SL into a two-semester English course at a large southwestern US university. A building activity was implemented in the first semester, and based on qualitative and quantitative formative evaluation results and additional planning, the instructional activity for the second semester was modified. These changes substantially enhanced students' learning experiences. Eight general and five discussion/debate-specific best practices discussed for implementing SL in college-level courses include capitalising on social interactions and establishing a clear connection of activities with learning objectives. This study demonstrates the importance of combining careful instructional design with ongoing assessment when implementing emergi...
Aryloxide anions can form outer sphere complexes with metals as electropositive as uranium

A uranium complex containing an outer sphere aryloxide anion is formed by the proteolytic cleavage of the methyl group in the mono-methyl uranium metallocene, (C5Me5)2[iPrNC(Me)NiPr]UMe, by 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol.
Meningitis Due to Parainfluenza Virus Type 3: Report of Two Cases and Review

We report the cases of two infants with meningitis due to parainfluenza virus type 3. This is the first time that documented clinical and laboratory details have been reported for a 1-month-old infant with meningitis due to parainfluenza virus type 3 (our second case). We reviewed the literature and determined that CNS involvement by parainfluenza virus type 3 appears rare. Clinicians should be aware that parainfluenza virus type 3, one of the most common causes of viral respiratory infection in infancy, can also produce infection of the CNS and that hemadsorption testing of CSF specimens submitted for viral culture is necessary for detecting these paramyxoviruses.
Demersal fish and habitat associations from visual surveys on the central California shelf

Abstract In 2004, we surveyed demersal fishes and habitats on the continental shelf off central California (65–110 m depth) using the occupied submersible Delta . Our objectives were to estimate the relative abundance of habitats and to examine demersal fish species composition, diversity, density, and sizes relative to these habitats. A total of 112 transects were completed covering 32 km of seafloor. A higher density of fishes was estimated in boulder and cobble habitats than in mud and brachiopod beds. More than 80% of the fishes were small, measuring 20 cm or less in total length. Species with small maximum size (primarily pygmy rockfish, Sebastes wilsoni , and blackeye gobies, Rhinogobiops nicholsii ) accounted for nearly half (49%) of the total number of 12,441 fishes. Most fishes were immature, with only 4 of 20 harvested species having more than 50% of the individuals larger than the size at first maturity. Our study area on the continental shelf may be an ontogenetic transition zone for immature fishes before they move to their adult habitat on the slope. Alternatively, historical fishing pressure may have contributed to the lack of large, mature fishes in the survey area. Understanding the importance of these habitats to fishes at various life stages will improve our ability to assess these deepwater fish stocks and effectively manage these living resources on an ecosystem basis.
Sialic Acid Catabolism and Transport Gene Clusters Are Lineage Specific in Vibrio vulnificus

Sialic or nonulosonic acids are nine-carbon alpha ketosugars that are present in all vertebrate mucous membranes. Among bacteria, the ability to catabolize sialic acid as a carbon source is present mainly in pathogenic and commensal species of animals. Previously, it was shown that several Vibrio species carry homologues of the genes required for sialic acid transport and catabolism, which are genetically linked. In Vibrio cholerae on chromosome I, these genes are carried on the Vibrio pathogenicity island-2 region, which is confined to pathogenic isolates. We found that among the three sequenced Vibrio vulnificus clinical strains, these genes are present on chromosome II and are not associated with a pathogenicity island. To determine whether the sialic acid transport (SAT) and catabolism (SAC) region is universally present within V. vulnificus, we examined 67 natural isolates whose phylogenetic relationships are known. We found that the region was present predominantly among lineage I of V. vulnificus, which is comprised mainly of clinical isolates. We demonstrate that the isolates that contain this region can catabolize sialic acid as a sole carbon source. Two putative transporters are genetically linked to the region in V. vulnificus, the tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic (TRAP) transporter SiaPQM and a component of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. We constructed an in-frame deletion mutation in siaM, a component of the TRAP transporter, and demonstrate that this transporter is essential for sialic acid uptake in this species. Expression analysis of the SAT and SAC genes indicates that sialic acid is an inducer of expression. Overall, our study demonstrates that the ability to catabolize and transport sialic acid is predominately lineage specific in V. vulnificus and that the TRAP transporter is essential for sialic acid uptake.
The final approach to steady state in an axisymmetric stagnation flow following a change in free stream velocity

Etude de l'ecoulement de couche limite d'un fluide incompressible au voisinage d'un point d'arret axisymetrique pour une variation du courant libre au cours du temps de telle sorte que l'ecoulement non visqueux soit stationnaire apres un laps de temps donne
Dry powders based on mucus-penetrating nanoparticles entrapped microparticles for pulmonary delivery of Tobramycin

Pulmonary drug delivery system is increasingly recommended as maintenance therapy to prolong the interval between pulmonary exacerbations and to slow the progression of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection due to its capability to achieve high drug concentrations at the site of infection and to minimize the risk of systemic toxicity. The most common used inhaled Tobramycin formation so far is nebulization such as Tobi ® and Bramitob ® which are regarded as inconvenient due to the long administration time and limited portability for chronic drug therapy in daily life of patients. The only dry powder formulation of Tobramycin is based on PulmoSphere TM technology, which has many advantages over nebulizers including faster delivery, easy use, portability, reduced need for cleaning and room temperature storage. Yet a lack of proof exists to indicate their efficient mucus penetration, which is the major obstacle for pulmonary drug delivery. To overcome the shortcomings of established pulmonary antibiotic delivery, we proposed the use of mucus-penetrating nanoparticles entrapped microparticles (so-called nanocomposite microparticles) combining the advantages of both nanoparticles and microparticles. The nanoparticles were comprised of the anti-biotic tobramycin encapsulated in the polymer acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) and PVA coating, which enables the system to penetrate the mucus and to release drug in controlled rate. The nanoparticles were then entrapped in microparticles using advanced organic spray drying techniques which can improve the targeted delivery of the drug. This system will enlighten the dry powder based antibiotic delivery providing a desirable alternative way for inhalation therapy.