cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative post fatigue residual property predictions of reinforced and unreinforced poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers using artificial neural networks

Abstract A set of experiments has been performed on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET control) and PET fibers with vapor grown carbon nanofibers (PET–VGCNF) to assess the mechanical integrity of the materials due to a repeated cyclic loading. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been used to examine the residual strength and elastic modulus degradation behavior of the filaments as a function of the input mechanical testing variables (maximum fatigue stress – σ max , stress ratio – R , # cycles – N , undeformed modulus – E ) and a damage variable that has been identified as the residual strain from fatigue, e R . The relationship of how these input variables relate to the degradation of the elastic modulus, E , and the fracture strength, σ f , has been determined. The results indicate that ANNs can be used to predict the residual strength and modulus degradation behavior of PET and PET/VGCNF single filaments under various loading conditions. Backpropagation (BP) with momentum and conjugate gradient algorithms have been utilized to successfully train a multilayer perceptron (MLP) network for modeling the mechanical behavior of single polymeric filaments subsequent to fatigue loading. Also, the mechanical behavior of the PET control and PET–VGCNF differs as a function of the input fatigue conditions prescribed. The main difference was that the PET control samples exhibited a distinct hardening effect in the low residual strain limit and this was not observed for the PET–VGCNF samples. The neural networks used in this work were successful at replicating the hardening behavior for the PET control samples and the mechanical behavior changes for the PET–VGCNF samples as a function of σ max , R , and e R .
Pygmalion in Management: Productivity as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

The article reviews the book “Pygmalion in Management: Productivity as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy,” by Dov Eden.
Indium doping of HgCdTe grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-direct alloy growth using triisopropylindium and diisopropyltellurium•triisopropylindium adduct

A new indium source, triisopropylindium, was used to dope HgCdTe layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition n-type with carrier concentrations, nH, in the range between low 1015 and low 1017 cm−3 at 77K. The reproducibility of carrier concentration was found to be excellent for nH<3×1015 cm−3. High electron mobilities and minority carrier lifetime comparable to published values indicate that indium doping produces high quality n-type HgCdTe material. State-of the-art photodiodes were obtained by growing a p-type HgCdTe layer by liquid phase epitaxy on an indium doped layer. In addition, and adduct compound formed between diisopropyltellurium (DIPTe) and triisopropylindium (TIPIn): DIPTe·InTIP, was also found to be a viable n-type dopant for HgCdTe especially at concentrations in the low 1015 cm−3 or less.
Visualizing graph dynamics and similarity for enterprise network security and management

Managing complex enterprise networks requires an understanding at a finer granularity than traditional network monitoring. The ability to correlate and visualize the dynamics and inter-relationships among various network components such as hosts, users, and applications is non-trivial. In this paper, we propose a visualization approach based on the hierarchical structure of similarity/difference visualization in the context of heterogeneous graphs. The concept of hierarchical visualization starts with the evolution of inter-graph states, adapts to the visualization of intra-graph clustering, and concludes with the visualization of similarity between individual nodes. Our visualization tool, ENAVis (Enterprise Network Activities Visualization), quantifies and presents these important changes and dynamics essential to network operators through a visually appealing and highly interactive manner. Through novel graph construction and transformation, such as network connectivity graphs, MDS graphs, bipartite graphs, and similarity graphs, we demonstrate how similarity/dynamics can be effectively visualized to provide insight with regards to network understanding.
Anomalous intracavitary right coronary artery shown by cardiac CT: a potential hazard to be aware of before various interventions.

Abstract Intracavitary right coronary arteries (RCAs) are uncommon (incidence of 0.09%–0.1%), having previously been reported nearly exclusively in autopsy series. However, more recently this entity has been detected prospectively by noninvasive cardiac computed tomography. Because many interventional procedures, including pacemaker placement and atrial flutter ablation, may be influenced by the presence of an intracavitary RCA, this entity is important to recognize. We report two cases of intracavitary right coronary artery discovered prospectively by cardiac computed tomography. In one of these cases, interventional management was altered based on our findings.
Quantitative trait loci associated with maximal exercise endurance in mice

The role of genetics in the determination of maximal exercise endurance is unclear. Six- to nine-week-old F2 mice (n = 99; 60 female, 39 male), derived from an intercross of two inbred strains that had previously been phenotyped as having high maximal exercise endurance (Balb/cJ) and low maximal exercise endurance (DBA/2J), were treadmill tested to estimate exercise endurance. Selective genotyping of the F2 cohort (n = 12 high exercise endurance; n = 12 low exercise endurance) identified a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome X (53.7 cM, DXMit121) in the entire cohort and a suggestive QTL on chromosome 8 (36.1 cM, D8Mit359) in the female mice. Fine mapping with the entire F2 cohort and additional informative markers confirmed and narrowed the QTLs. The chromosome 8 QTL (EE8(F)) is homologous with two suggestive human QTLs and one significant rat QTL previously linked with exercise endurance. No effect of sex (P = 0.33) or body weight (P = 0.79) on exercise endurance was found in the F2 cohort. These data indicate that genetic factors in distinct chromosomal regions may affect maximal exercise endurance in the inbred mouse. Whereas multiple genes are located in the identified QTL that could functionally affect exercise endurance, this study serves as a foundation for further investigations delineating the identity of genetic factors influencing maximum exercise endurance.
Effect of the β‐glucuronidase inhibitor saccharolactone on glucuronidation by human tissue microsomes and recombinant UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases

Glucuronidation studies using microsomes and recombinant uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) can be complicated by the presence of endogenous beta-glucuronidases, leading to underestimation of glucuronide formation rates. Saccharolactone is the most frequently used beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, although it is not clear whether this reagent should be added routinely to glucuronidation incubations. Here we have determined the effect of saccharolactone on eight different UGT probe activities using pooled human liver microsomes (pHLMs) and recombinant UGTs (rUGTs). Despite the use of buffered incubation solutions, it was necessary to adjust the pH of saccharolactone solutions to avoid effects (enhancement or inhibition) of lowered pH on UGT activity. Saccharolactone at concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 mM did not enhance any of the glucuronidation activities evaluated that could be considered consistent with inhibition of beta-glucuronidase. However, for most activities, higher saccharolactone concentrations resulted in a modest degree of inhibition. The greatest inhibitory effect was observed for glucuronidation of 5-hydroxytryptamine and estradiol by pHLMs, with a 35% decrease at 20 mM saccharolactone concentration. Endogenous beta-glucuronidase activities were also measured using various human tissue microsomes and rUGTs with estradiol-3-glucuronide and estradiol-17-glucuronide as substrates. Glucuronide hydrolysis was observed for pHLMs, lung microsomes and insect-cell expressed rUGTs, but not for kidney, intestinal or human embryonic kidney HEK293 microsomes. However, the extent of hydrolysis was relatively small, representing only 9-19% of the glucuronide formation rate measured in the same preparations. Consequently, these data do not support the routine inclusion of saccharolactone in glucuronidation incubations. If saccharolactone is used, concentrations should be titrated to achieve activity enhancement without inhibition.
Interactions between the kernel N sink, grain yield and protein nutritional quality of maize.

The isogenic opaque-2 (o2) and its normal counterpart of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid ‘B14 × B37’ were used as a model system and grown under different levels of nitrogen fertility to test the importance of the kernel N sink (zein accumulation) relative to kernel osmotic potential, dry matter accumulation, grain yield and protein nutritional quality. Self-pollination and reciprocal crosses were made with seven o2 hybrids and their normal counterparts in order to determine the effect of the kernel N sink and/or vegetative characteristics on kernel dry weight accumulation. The results indicate that with a small supply of nitrogen, both normal and o2 kernels produced only small amounts of zein, and kernel weights and grain yields were comparable. As the level of nitrogen increased, zein accumulated preferentially in normal, but not in o2, and differences in kernel weight and grain yield between these two genotypes became greater. The reduction of dry matter accumulation in o2 kernels relative to normal kernels when grown under high N levels may result from the accumulation of free amino acids and their catabolic products in the kernel as a consequence of a small N sink. These osmotica contributed to a more negative osmotic potential which may favour water movement, but reduce solute movement into the kernel. Increased zein accumulation in normal kernels enhanced kernel weight and grain yield but reduced protein nutritional quality. The concentration of lysine and tryptophan as a percentage of protein decreased as the level of N fertiliser and kernel protein in the normal kernel increased. On the other hand, the o2 mutant failed to deposit additional N as zein; therefore, the concentration of these two essential amino acids remained constant regardless of N levels. However, when lysine and tryptophan were expressed on an area (kg ha−1) basis, the amino acid yields of these two genotypes were comparable.
Neurosecretory control of the pars intermedia

Abstract The lateral lobes of the hypothalamus were sectioned in adult Rana pipiens and the animals sacrificed at intervals varying from 1 minute to 6 weeks after operation. As expected neurosecretion (NS) appeared at the cut ends of the fibers of the hypophysial-pituitary tract. This NS pile-up revealed that there were numerous NS fibers in the lateral lobes although in normal animals almost no such fibers can be seen. Neurosecretion begins to appear 45 minutes after section, reaches a maximal accumulation at 1 to 2 weeks and decreases thereafter. These data are interpreted as indicating that NS nerves may carry NS rapidly without revealing their presence in standard light microscope preparations and that they can release NS at the brain surface without specialized endings on capillaries. This evidence is taken to support the author's hypothesis that the previously demonstrated inhibitory control of the pars intermedia by the brain is mediated by NS nerves ending freely in the parenchyma of the gland. It further suggests that the primitive mode of action of NS cells was by way of release at brain surfaces with subsequent evolution of three different specialized mechanisms; (1) direct innervation (pars intermedia), (2) secretion into the general circulation (pars nervosa), and (3) secretion into portal vessels (pars anterior).
β-endorphin: Pharmacologic and behavioral activity in cats after low intravenous doses

Abstract Synthetic human beta-endorphin (βh-EP), an opiate-like peptide, produced characteristic responses immediately after it was intravenously (iv) administered to 7 unrestrained male cats. Doses of 50 μg/kg resulted in dose-dependent high frequency (> 1/sec) licking and diminished locomotion. At higher doses (100–500 μg/kg) the responses included vomiting and relaxation of the nictitating membrane. The responses were blocked by iv naloxone hydrochloride (1.0 mg/kg) administered 10 min prior to βh-EP. When administered after βh-EP naloxone reversed the established response. These results indicate that low iv doses of βh-EP are active in the cat, and that the effects are mediated by opiate receptors.
Determining the Burgers vectors and elastic strain energies of interface dislocation arrays using anisotropic elasticity theory

Abstract A formalism for describing interface dislocation arrays linking the Frank–Bilby equation and anisotropic elasticity theory under the condition of vanishing far-field stresses is developed. The present approach enables the determination of a unique reference state for interface misfit dislocations, within which the Burgers vectors of individual dislocations are defined and allows for the unequal partitioning of elastic fields between neighboring crystals. The elastic strain energies of interface dislocation arrays are computed using solutions for short-range elastic fields. Examples of applications to simple interfaces are given, namely symmetric tilt and twist grain boundaries, as well as a pure misfit heterophase interface.
Molecular diagnosis of iridovirus infections in cold-blooded animals

Until the mid-1980s, iridoviruses infecting cold-blooded vertebrates were viewed as agents responsible for benign, self-limiting infections of fish and amphibians. However, within the last 15 years, iridoviruses (genus Ranavirus ) have been linked to die-offs of many different species of marine and freshwater fish as well as to severe disease in anurans and urodeles. Because diagnosis of iridovirus infections based on clinical signs alone is not definitive, a panel of microscopic, serological, and molecular techniques must be used to identify the etiologic agent. Transmission electron microscopy is capable of classifying the agent as a member of the family Iridoviridae . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and other serological tests readily identify the genus Ranavirus , and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence analyses distinguish among different virus species/strains. Although it is not currently possible to treat or prevent most iridovirus disease, identification of the specific disease agent is important in differential diagnosis and in controlling spread of the agent to uninfected populations.
On the complexity of IQML algorithms

The authors study the computational complexity of two methods for solving least squares and maximum likelihood modal analysis problems. In particular, they consider the Steiglitz-McBride and iterative quadratic maximum likelihood (IQML) algorithms. J.H. McClellan and D. Lee (ibid., vol.39, no.2, p.509-12, 1991) have shown the iterations of the two methods to be equivalent. However, they suggest that the Steiglitz-McBride algorithm may be computationally preferable. A method for reducing the dimension of the matrix inversion required at each iteration of IQML is provided. The resulting reduction in the computation makes the computational complexity of IQML commensurate with that of the Steiglitz-McBride algorithm. >
Synthesis and characterization of nitrides of iridium and palladium

We describe the synthesis of nitrides of iridium and palladium using the laser-heated diamond anvil cell. We have used the in situ techniques of x-ray powder diffraction and Raman scattering to characterize these compounds and have compared our experimental findings where possible to the results of first-principles theoretical calculations. We suggest that palladium nitride is isostructural with pyrite, while iridium nitride has a monoclinic symmetry and is isostructural with baddeleyite.
Contagion or restitution? When bad apples can motivate ethical behavior

Abstract When there is a “bad apple” in the group, are we more likely to follow the example or compensate for their sins? Three experiments showed that whether a group member’s unethical actions lead to contagion or restitution depends on the presence of out-group observers. In Experiment 1, participants were more likely to compensate for the transgression of an in-group member than an out-group member when there were out-group observers. Experiment 2 varied the presence of out-group observers and showed that such compensatory behaviors occur only in the presence of out-group members. We suggest that the presence of out-group observers trigger a self-categorization process that induces guilt in individuals for their group members’ transgressions. Indeed, associated guilt mediated the relationship between in-group member’s unethical behavior and participants’ compensatory behavior (Experiment 3). These results suggest that norms implied by others’ behavior and group categorization are important determinants of ethical behavior.
Current-Source Topology for Wind Turbines Capable of Providing Leading Power Factor While Reducing Line Current Harmonics

The paper presents a Current-Source Inverter topology conceived for multi-megawatt wind turbines. The proposed scheme utilizes two series-connected three-phase inverters employing fully controllable switches and a proper interconnection transformer with the Mains. In order to improve the efficiency and allow the use of high power devices, the inverters are switched at mains frequency. The axial flux permanent magnet generator is directly coupled to the turbine (gearless solution) and possesses very low leakage inductance. The overall control technique allows to impose independently two desired quantities selected out of the set of three composed by: a) The total average voltage at the DC input side of the inverters; b) The power factor at the Mains interconnection point, which can be chosen unitary leading or lagging; c) The amount of the 5th and 7th harmonics in the Mains line currents. In specific operating points of the turbine a significant reduction of two such harmonics can be already achieved without additional filters and/or active harmonic compensation. Nevertheless the introduction of an active harmonic compensator can achieve proper harmonic reduction - also up to higher orders - more independently and on a wider range of operating conditions. Experimental results, obtained from a 10 kW prototype with an axial flux permanent magnet generator are presented.
Work Group Effort and Rewards: The Roles of Organizational and Social Power as Context

Self-managing teams have a history of mixed effects for the employees involved. Organizational contexts reflecting different constellations of power may be useful for understanding these different outcomes. We theorize two different organizational mandates (management-initiated versus craft) and three social contexts (union presence, abusive management, and minority concentration) that may be consequential for work group outcomes. Content analysis of the population of workplace ethnographies (N = 204) provides data with a combination of organizational variability and rich in-depth descriptions of work group outcomes useful for evaluating these expectations. Union environments are found to be essential for the most positive team outcomes. Minority concentrated work groups benefit especially from the craft organization of work. And management abuse dramatically undercuts any positive consequences of management-initiated teams for employees. We conclude with a discussion of the centrality of power for unders...
Los Alamos High-Current Proton Siorage Ring; A Status Report

The Proton Storage Ring (PSR),1 whose installation was recently completed at Los Alamos, is a fast-cycling high-current accumulator designed to produce intense 800 MeV proton pulses for driving a spallation neutron source.2 The ring converts long beam pulses from the LAMPF linear accelerator into short bunches well matched to requirements of a high-resolution neutron-scattering materials science program. The initial performance goal for this program is to provide 100-?A average current at the neutron production target within a 12-Hz pulse rate. Project construction began in May 1982, and was completed in mid-April 1985. First beam was circulated in the ring on April 26. Operation at 20 ?A is scheduled for September 1985, with full intensity within the next year. The storage ring was originally designed to function in a second mode in which six 1-ns bunches are accumulated and separately extracted every LAMPF macropulse. Implementation of this mode, which would serve a fast-neutron nuclear-physics program, has been deferred in favor of initial concentration on the neutron-scattering program. This paper summarizes the PSR design and status. Unique machine features include high peak current, two-step charge-stripping injection, a low-impedance buncher amplifier to counter beamloading, and a high-repetion-rate strip-line extraction kicker. LINE-A
Whither Hunter's Culture War? Shifts in Evangelical Morality, 1988–1998

Ten years have passed since the events of the late 1980s spurred James Davison Hunter to write his book Culture wars, which was published in 1991. Since then, the political world has witnessed several shifts that call into question the durability of this conflict. This paper examines both the current state of the culture war and its precipitating trends over the past decade. In doing so, it is necessary to determine whether evangelicals have been softening their traditionalist moral positions on issues like women's roles, homosexuality, nonmarital sexuality, birth control, abortion, suicide, and euthanasia. It is also necessary to determine the nature of any fluctuations in evangelical morality relative to that of religious progressives and moderates. Specifically, three questions are addressed. First, are evangelicals leaving the socioeconomic margins of society? Second, is evangelical morality becoming more liberal? And finally, is the culture war dissipating? Using data from the 1988 and 1998 General Social Surveys, results indicate that evangelicals are capitulating on some - though not all - arenas of moral conflict, but that the cultural tension between evangelicals and religious progressives remains strong. The evidence suggests that, consistent with Christian Smith's subcultural identity theory, evangelicals will likely continue to experience a cultural tension with the larger culture, but this tension is not likely to result in anything resembling warfare.
Hurricanes Katrina and Rita: role of individuals and collaborative networks in mobilizing/coordinating societal and professional resources for major disasters

The medical support for the coordinated effort for Harris County Texas (Houston) to rescue evacuees from New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina was part of an integrated collaborative network. Both public health and operational health care was structured to custom meet the needs of the evacuees and to create an exit strategy for the clinic and shelter. Integrating local hospital and physician resources into the Joint Incident Command was essential. Outside assistance, including federal and national resources must be coordinated through the local incident command.
Resonant wireless power transfer to ground sensors from a UAV

Wireless magnetic resonant power transfer is an emerging technology that has many advantages over other wireless power transfer methods due to its safety, lack of interference, and efficiency at medium ranges. In this paper, we develop a wireless magnetic resonant power transfer system that enables unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to provide power to, and recharge batteries of wireless sensors and other electronics far removed from the electric grid. We address the difficulties of implementing and outfitting this system on a UAV with limited payload capabilities and develop a controller that maximizes the received power as the UAV moves into and out of range. We experimentally demonstrate our prototype wireless power transfer system by using a UAV to transfer nearly 5W of power to a ground sensor.
Smart Detector Cell: A Scalable All-Spin Circuit for Low Power Non-Boolean Pattern Recognition

We present a new circuit for non-Boolean recognition of binary images. Employing all-spin logic (ASL) devices, logic comparators and non-Boolean decision blocks for compact and efficient computation are designed. By manipulation of fan-in number in different stages of the circuit, the structure can be extended for larger training sets or larger images. Operating based on the main similarity idea, the system is capable of constructing a mean image and compare it with a separate input image within a short decision time. Taking advantage of the nonvolatility of ASL devices, the proposed circuit is capable of hybrid memory/logic operation. Compared with the existing CMOS pattern recognition circuits, this paper achieves a smaller footprint, lower power consumption, faster decision time, and a lower operational voltage.
Cervicothoracic intraspinal pseudomeningocele with cord compression after a traumatic brachial plexus injury

Abstract Background context Pseudomeningoceles are noted within the neural foramen after avulsion plexus injuries. We present the case of a cervicothoracic epidural pseudomeningocele with spinal cord compression 18 years after a brachial plexus injury. Purpose To present a case report of a patient and literature review on cases with epidural pseudomeningoceles. Study design Case report and review of the literature. Methods Retrospective review of the medical records of a patient presenting with an epidural pseudomeningocele after a plexus injury. Results A 37-year-old male presented with neurological decline 18 years after sustaining a brachial plexus injury. Magnetic resonance tomography revealed an epidural fluid collection from C5 to T7 with significant spinal cord compression. Surgical intervention initially involved fenestration of the cyst and then rhizotomies of the C7 and C8 roots resulting in resolution of his new symptoms. Conclusions Pseudomeningoceles are common after brachial plexus avulsion injury and are usually stable, causing no symptoms, other than plexus neuropathies. We are unaware of previous reports of a patient with a traumatic brachial plexus avulsion who developed a large cervicothoracic, symptomatic, spinal, epidural, intracanalicular pseudomeningocele with cord compression 18 years after the initial injury. Patients with prior trauma and known plexus injuries with development of new neurological symptoms should be evaluated for the rare case of intradural pseudomeningoceles. Preoperative imaging with computed tomography myelography is important to isolate and definitively treat the fistulous connection.
Impact of Waveform Distorting Fault Current Limiters on Previously Installed Overcurrent Relays

This paper investigates in detail the impacts of distorted current waveforms, produced by certain types of fault current limiters on time-overcurrent protection relays. A thyristor-based solid-state fault current limiter is chosen as representative of such a device for a case study which investigates its effects on two coordinated protection relays. A detailed software model of the current limiter has been developed and implemented on the real-time digital simulator platform, modeling a typical distribution system. Relay models are used to obtain initial results, which are later validated by an actual protective relay connected in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation setup. The results illustrate the increase of relay tripping times due to severe current limitation caused by the fixed firing angle control of the current limiter. It is revealed that different current measurement principles employed by the relays, such as fundamental, peak, or true rms, can lead to miscoordination due to the distorted fault current waveform. It is demonstrated that these undesirable effects can be mitigated by employing appropriate control strategies for the firing angle in the current limiter.
Sonic hedgehog in the nervous system: functions, modifications and mechanisms

Signaling by Sonic hedgehog (Shh) controls important developmental processes, including dorsoventral neural tube patterning, neural stem cell proliferation, and neuronal and glial cell survival. Shh signaling involves lipid modifications to Shh itself, as well as changes in protein subcellular localization. Recent advances have revealed the importance of palmitoylation and acylation of Shh on its potency and migration capacity. Subsequent trafficking and organelle sorting in the Shh signaling pathway have been observed; these observations offer a new dimension to our understanding of downstream signal transduction events.
High‐Temperature‐Stable and Regenerable Catalysts: Platinum Nanoparticles in Aligned Mesoporous Silica Wells

We report the synthesis, structural characterization, thermal stability study, and regeneration of nanostructured catalysts made of 2.9 nm Pt nanoparticles sandwiched between a 180 nm SiO2 core and a mesoporous SiO2 shell. The SiO2 shell consists of 2.5 nm channels that are aligned perpendicular to the surface of the SiO2 core. The nanostructure mimics Pt nanoparticles that sit in mesoporous SiO2 wells (Pt@MSWs). By using synchrotron-based small-angle X-ray scattering, we were able to prove the ordered structure of the aligned mesoporous shell. By using high-temperature cyclohexane dehydrogenation as a model reaction, we found that the Pt@MSWs of different well depths showed stable activity at 500 °C after the induction period. Conversely, a control catalyst, SiO2 -sphere-supported Pt nanoparticles without a mesoporous SiO2 shell (Pt/SiO2 ), was deactivated. We deliberately deactivated the Pt@MSWs catalyst with a 50 nm deep well by using carbon deposition induced by a low H2 /cyclohexane ratio. The deactivated Pt@MSWs catalyst was regenerated by calcination at 500 °C with 20 % O2 balanced with He. After the regeneration treatments, the activity of the Pt@MSWs catalyst was fully restored. Our results suggest that the nanostructured catalysts-Pt nanoparticles confined inside mesoporous SiO2 wells-are stable and regenerable for treatments and reactions that require high temperatures.
Safety Stocks in MRP-Systems with Emergency Setups for Components

Material Requirements Planning or Manufacturing Resource Planning MRP systems originally were designed for a deterministic environment. Often, however, demand for finished products is uncertain and some type of buffering mechanism is necessary to provide desired levels of service. When the schedule is replanned each period, as typically is done, variability of demand may manifest itself in the form of early or "emergency" production runs. Safety stock may serve to avert some or most of these emergency production runs. We have developed a heuristic algorithm which is shown to provide extremely good guidelines for setting safety stock levels.
Testing Hypothesized Psychosocial Mediators: Lessons Learned in the MassBUILT Study

Only a few of the interventions that target blue-collar workers have conducted formal analysis to evaluate the specific attributes of their intervention that are associated with success or failure. This study examined the role of dual hazard and decisional balance in the MassBUILT smoking cessation intervention. The authors conducted sets of multivariable linear and logistic regressions that examined if (a) the intervention was associated with changes in the psychosocial variables and (b) increase in psychosocial variables was associated with increase in smoking cessation. As hypothesized by the theoretical basis of the study, higher scores on both of the psychosocial variables were significantly associated with smoking cessation. However, the intervention did not change decisional balance and decreased dual hazard. The variables examined were important but were not mediators of the MassBUILT intervention and this could have contributed to the significant relapse in smoking among study participants.
Transposon technology and vertebrate functional genomics

A report on the Third Annual International Conference on Transposition and Animal Biotechnology, Minneapolis, USA, 23-24 June 2005, and the FASEB Summer Research Conference 'Mammalian Mobile Elements', Tuscon, USA, 4-9 June, 2005.
Numerical study of light-beam propagation and superprism effect inside two-dimensional photonic crystals

We numerically study the propagation of Gaussian beams under superprism refraction conditions inside two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystals. We employ two-dimensional finite difference time domain calculations, and compare them with theoretical predictions based on plane-wave method calculations. The discrepancies are analyzed in terms of the light propagation in a dispersive negative refraction medium.
Unsupervised Structure Prediction with Non-Parallel Multilingual Guidance

We describe a method for prediction of linguistic structure in a language for which only unlabeled data is available, using annotated data from a set of one or more helper languages. Our approach is based on a model that locally mixes between supervised models from the helper languages. Parallel data is not used, allowing the technique to be applied even in domains where human-translated texts are unavailable. We obtain state-of-the-art performance for two tasks of structure prediction: unsupervised part-of-speech tagging and unsupervised dependency parsing.
Induced voltage on an overhead line due to nearby lightning

Voltage waveshapes induced on an overhead line by nearby lightning return strokes are calculated numerically by solving the transmission-line equations using the time-domain approach of A.K. Agrawal et al. (1980) and a finite-difference technique. The traveling current source (TCS) model is used to calculate the return-stroke vertical and horizontal-electric fields (which are the sources for a line voltage) above a perfectly conducting ground plane. The effect of the striking-point distances and the return-stroke current waveshape on the induced voltages are illustrated. The exact location of the maximum voltage along the line depends not only on the closest distance from the striking point to the line but also on lightning-current parameters. In the case of a 2000-m-long line and a striking point a distance of 100 m from the line center, almost 90% of the induced voltage at the line terminations is due to the horizontal electric field coupling. >
Preliminary Checklist of Lichens Reported from Wyoming

ABSTRACT. Although lichens are a common feature in Wyoming, there has been no attempt to compile a statewide list of species since 1900. A number of surveys have been conducted in the state, especially in Yellowstone National Park and other federally managed parks and forests, though little attention has been given to lower-elevation regions of the state. The literature search conducted for this project yielded nearly 800 species names, which number was reduced to 608 currently accepted taxa. Collection locations and references are provided for each taxon, as are global ranks (conservation status, from NatureServe.org), and a brief discussion of some of the interesting results.
Neurologic Complications of Leukemia

Leukemia affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neurological complications are a consequence of both direct leukemic infiltration, as occurs with leukemic meningitis, and complications of either antileukemic treatment (e.g., thrombocytopenic or DIC-related intracranial hemorrhage, steroid myopathy, vinca alkaloid peripheral neuropathy, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, multifocal necrotizing leuko-encephalopathy) or immune compromise (e.g., Herpes zoster shingles or Aspergillus infection).
Characterization of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum races infecting dry edible bean in North Dakota

AbstractAnthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magnus) Lams.-Scrib., is an economically important and damaging disease of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that can cause large reductions in yield and seed quality. Yield losses can reach 100% when contaminated seed is used, large amounts of inoculum are present, and favourable weather conditions occur during the crop cycle. Although widespread losses to anthracnose have not been observed in North Dakota, the lack of host resistance and favourable environmental conditions could lead to substantial economic losses. Additionally, numerous races of this pathogen exist and the pathogen race structure has the ability to change over time. Of the several races detected in North Dakota from 2003 to 2009, race 73 was the most prevalent. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogen race types of C. lindemuthianum collected from dry bean samples in North Dakota from 2012 to 2014. Based on the 33 isolates collected ...
The Molecular Microbial Ecology of a Catabolic Genotype in a Biological Treatment Process

Gene probe technology has been used in conjunction with conventional biochemical assays to characterize the in situ dynamic structure of a microbial ecosystem containing a critical subpopulation that degrades naphthalene. A continuous, lab-scale, activated sludge system fed with a real industrial waste and inoculated with real plant sludge was used. Naphthalene was only 0.2% to 0.06% of the dissolved organic carbon in the industrial feed stream, and the naphthalene-positive genotype (cells containing the NAH7 plasmid) ranged from 0.007% to 0.6% of the total cells (measured by acridine orange direct counts).
A Silicon Field Emitter Array Planar Vacuum FET Fabricated with Microfabrication Techniques

In this paper we will discuss a new type of field effect transistor, a vacuum FET, where the usual channel material is the vacuum rather than a semiconductor. This new device is based on Field Emitter Arrays (FEA) which are inherently submicron structures. That is, the field emitters themselves must have dimensions less that 0.1 micrometers in order to generate the high electrostatic fields necessary for electron tunneling, and the control gate (or extraction electrode) must be very close to the field emitter tip in order to generate these high fields with reasonable voltages. Consequently, this new “FET” is the first of a new class of vaccum electronic switching devices based on microfabrication techniques, and susceptible to circuit integration.
Comparative Studies of Gonadotropic Hormones. 4. Ovaries and Hypophyses of Rats in Chronic Experiments

SummaryThe daily administration for periods of 2 to 6 months of a sheep anterior pituitary extract to female rats resulted in a marked atrophy of the ovaries after a preliminary increase in weight. This change was associated with an increase in the weight of the hypophysis and the appearance of many “castration cells” in the anterior lobe.The continued daily injection of a gonadotropic preparation made from blood of pregnant women produced a marked increase in ovarian weight which was maintained for as long as one year. The hypophysis also showed a marked increase in weight which was associated with histologic changes affecting the chromophobes and eosinophilic cells.
Phase Coexistence Calculations of Reversibly Bonded Block Copolymers: A Unit Cell Gibbs Ensemble Approach

A self-consistent field theory (SCFT) technique for calculating the compositions of coexisting phases in melt blends of reversibly bonding block polymers is presented. This new method is obtained by deriving a canonical model for reaction equilibrium and incorporating it into the previously reported Gibbs ensemble unit-cell SCFT for investigating macrophase separation. We use our new technique to attack the phase behavior of an incompressible melt blend of AB diblock copolymers that reversibly react at their B termini with monofunctional B homopolymers to produce longer ABB diblock copolymers. We find that reaction equilibrium favoring the product polymer stabilizes a rich variety of ordered phases with little macrophase separation. Reaction equilibrium favoring the reactants, however, leads to macrophase separation over a broad range of compositions.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide in patients with chronic renal insufficiency--preliminary evaluation.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide were studied in 24 subjects with chronic renal insufficiency. The subjects were divided into two groups of patients, half having a creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min and the other half having a creatinine clearance between 30 and 60 ml/min. Three different intravenous doses were studied in each patient group. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed dose proportionality when relating area under the concentration curve to dose. There was a progressive decrease in renal clearance of torasemide with declining renal function. In contrast, there was no difference in serum elimination half-life among the patients. In addition, this half-life was not different from that observed in healthy young or elderly control subjects. In previous reports on patients with congestive heart failure and liver disease, serum half-life values were prolonged compared to that of control subjects, presumably due to decreased hepatic, nonrenal clearance of torasemide. Supportive of this hypothesis is the considerably increased area under the serum vs. concentration time curve in such patients. In summary, this study has shown that the serum half-life of torasemide would be unchanged in patients with renal disease. The ceiling dose for torasemide (i.e., the dose above which no further drug-induced natriuresis is obtained) has been preliminarily found to be a single 100-mg intravenous dose in patients with moderate renal insufficiency and a single 200-mg intravenous dose in patients with severe disease.
Paired octamer rings of retinoschisin suggest a junctional model for cell-cell adhesion in the retina.

Retinoschisin (RS1) is involved in cell–cell junctions in the retina, but is unique among known cell-adhesion proteins in that it is a soluble secreted protein. Loss-of-function mutations in RS1 lead to early vision impairment in young males, called X-linked retinoschisis. The disease is characterized by separation of inner retinal layers and disruption of synaptic signaling. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we report the structure at 4.1 A, revealing double octamer rings not observed before. Each subunit is composed of a discoidin domain and a small N-terminal (RS1) domain. The RS1 domains occupy the centers of the rings, but are not required for ring formation and are less clearly defined, suggesting mobility. We determined the structure of the discoidin rings, consistent with known intramolecular and intermolecular disulfides. The interfaces internal to and between rings feature residues implicated in X-linked retinoschisis, indicating the importance of correct assembly. Based on this structure, we propose that RS1 couples neighboring membranes together through octamer–octamer contacts, perhaps modulated by interactions with other membrane components.
Systematic uncertainties in RF-based measurement of superconducting cavity quality factors

Abstract Q0 determinations based on RF power measurements are subject to at least three potentially large systematic effects that have not been previously appreciated. Instrumental factors that can systematically bias RF based measurements of Q0 are quantified and steps that can be taken to improve the determination of Q0 are discussed.
Nucleotide receptors regulate membrane ion transport in renal epithelial cells

Regulation of plasma membrane ion transport by endogenous purinergic receptors was assessed in a distal renal (A6) cell line. Nucleotide analogues stimulated Na-K-Cl cotransport activity with relative potencies of ATP > UTP > ATP gamma S > 2-methylthio-ATP = alpha,beta-methylene ATP. Activation of nucleotide receptors with extracellular ATP and nucleotide analogues increased intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) primarily by release of intracellular calcium stores, with relative potency of agonists similar to that seen for stimulation of Na-K-Cl cotransport. Neither the change in [Ca2+]i nor the stimulation of cotransport was abolished by the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(4-[N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamoylmethoxy]-phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthi ne (XAC). In contrast to the adenosine A2 receptor agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine, nucleotide analogues had no discernible effect on cytosolic adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate levels or adenylyl cyclase activity. To address possible mechanisms for stimulation of Na-K-Cl cotransport by the nucleotide receptor, 125I efflux and patch-clamp studies were used to measure chloride secretion. ATP and ionomycin markedly enhanced 125I efflux and whole cell currents, consistent with activation of chloride conductance pathways. Diphenylamine-2-carboxylate, a chloride channel blocker, eliminated the effects of ionomycin, forskolin, adenosine, and ATP on Na-K-Cl cotransport. This study demonstrates that nucleotide receptors in this model of renal epithelium initiate distinct regulation of Na-K-Cl cotransport. Nucleotide receptors may effect their responses through primary activation of membrane chloride channels.
Early Jewish and Christian Legal Thought

In addition to Greek and Roman legal thought, the other major ancient source for Western legal philosophy is the Judeo-Christian tradition. Jewish law took shape over two millennia, from the legendary Mosaic code (as early as the thirteenth century B.C.) until the completion of the Talmud (seventh century A.D.). After emerging as a Jewish sect (first century A.D.), Christianity soon became a separate religion and developed a view of law in explicit and sharp contrast with Judaism. This chapter offers a brief overview of early Jewish and Christian legal thought, which is indispensable for an understanding of the subsequent history of medieval philosophy of law.
LIGHT SCATTERING STUDIES OF NUCLEATION OF POLYPROPYLENE

The study of nucleation of crystallization of polymers was carried out utilizing organic meltable nucleating agents. These differ from solid nucleants in that they are dispersed in the molten polymer either by dissolving and precipitating or by mechanical agitation which breaks up the droplets of the nucleating agents. Each nucleant particle has a potential of giving rise to a growing crystalline structure. The growing structures lead to spherulites composed of branched radiating crystalline lamella. Nucleant aggregation occured at higher concentration of the nucleating agent. The size and aggregation of the nucleant have been studied by small angle light scattering technique.
Memory, Media, Nostalgia, and Grief

Abstract In this chapter, I analyze mediation and memory both in film and online, examining two films (Paris, Texas, and Memento) and two websites (PostSecret and Dear Photograph). I pose two questions: what are the affective interactions with the photograph within these media? What engagements with notions of history, culture, and subjectivity occur within them? To address these questions, I submit that film and online art communities envision memory as an exceptionally mediated experience, tracing the misconception in memory’s reliability that subjects translate into their investment in the photograph’s authority. In doing so, I develop a critical perspective influenced by neuroscience, psychoanalysis, and critical theory. I confront notions in these productions that photographs and other media facilitate memory objectively and contend that memory and media artifacts are recontextualized constantly, reflecting the dynamism of memory. As such, I also argue that analyzing the remediation of the photograph online is key.