cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) must be catalytically active to associate with the AT1 receptor in response to angiotensin II.

Abstract Angiotensin II evokes a variety of biological responses by binding to a seven transmembrane cell surface receptor termed AT 1 . Ligand binding to the AT 1 receptor induces the physical association and activation of the intracellular kinase Jak2. To elucidate the mechanism of this association, COS-7 cells were co-transfected with the AT 1 receptor and either wild type Jak2 or a catalytically inactive Jak2. AT 1 receptor–Jak2 association was assessed in vitro by a GST-AT 1 receptor fusion protein binding assay and in vivo by direct co-immunoprecipitation of the receptor–Jak2 complex. Both studies showed that Jak2 must be catalytically active to form a complex with the AT 1 receptor, and that complex formation is associated with Jak2 tyrosine phosphorylation. These results were confirmed using the Jak2 specific inhibitor AG-490. We also found that over-expression of wild type Jak2 in COS-7 cells leads to in vivo complex formation of spontaneously autophosphorylated Jak2 with the AT 1 receptor. No such complex formation was observed with a dominant negative Jak2. Thus, the physical association of Jak2 with the AT 1 receptor is regulated by an angiotensin II mediated autophosphorylation event.
Of equines and humans: Toward a new ecology

Abstract Since the domestication of the horse ∼6000 years ago, the equine–human relationship has played a crucial role in the evolution of humankind. Horses enabled the conquering of new worlds and civilizations, forging an intimate interspecies relationship that is complex and difficult to articulate. No longer used primarily as companions in battle and beasts of burden, horses are today predominantly visible in the Western world of competitive sports and pleasure riding. New fields have also opened up in the past two decades, where horses are being utilized as friends, teachers, and therapists—namely, therapeutic riding and equine-facilitated psychotherapy/learning. This article explores two dimensions of equine-facilitated learning: (1) ways in which horses communicate, and how the human perceives this phenomenon, and (2) ways in which horses help humans construct systems of shared meanings (i.e., community). Both of these dimensions may have important implications for understanding how horse–human enc...
Comparative X-ray crystallographic characterization of the mono- and bimetallic complexes of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl chloride with 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine

Abstract Comparative X-ray crystallographic characterization of [Re(dpp)(CO)3Cl] and [Re(CO)3Cl]2dpp, where dpp is 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine, has been conducted to examine the structural consequences resulting from sequential coordination of two [Re(CO)3Cl] molecular fragments to dpp. Addition of one metal center results in the coordinating portion of dpp adopting a relatively planar configuration. The dihedral angle between the pyrazine ring and the coordinated N(1)-pyridyl ring is 15.3(4)°, while the dihedral angle between the pyrazine ring and the uncoordinated N(2)-pyridyl ring is 45.8(3)°. The dpp ligand in the bimetallic complex is found to twist to accommodate the second metal center as manifested by a two-fold increase in the N(1)-pyridyl and pyrazine dihedral angle [29.7(4)°] and a decrease for the N(2)-pyridyl and pyrazine dihedral angle [31.6(3)°]. The direct structural consequence is an increase in the distortion of the central pyrazine moiety upon addition of each [Re(CO)3Cl] fragment. This observation confirms previously reported spectroscopic results that inferred the differences in electronic structure between [Re(dpp)(CO)3Cl] and [Re(CO)3Cl]2dpp were due to the dpp ligand adopting a nonplanar geometry in the bimetallic complex.
Heterozygosity in MAT locus affects stability and function of microtubules in yeast.

The dynamic nature of microtubules is important for their cellular function and is tightly regulated by the cell cycle machinery and through other pathways that act on microtubule-associated proteins. Recently, it was reported that simultaneous expression of MATa and MATα genes in haploid cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae increases microtubule stability 〚Mol. Gen. Genet. 264 (2000) 300〛. In order to investigate the effect of zygosity in the MAT loci on microtubules independent of the effect of the actual ploidy, we compared microtubule stability and function in homozygous (MATa/MATa) and heterozygous (MATa/MATα) wild-type diploid cells. It was found that homozygosity in the MAT locus decreases stability of both cytoplasmic and nuclear microtubules. This was expressed in a more symmetrical distribution in the placement of the spindle relative to the neck, a delay in cytokinesis and reduced fidelity of chromosome segregation in these cells compared to the heterozygotes. Our results suggest that expression of both MAT loci initiates a pathway that results in an increase in microtubule stability and the fidelity of chromosome segregation in diploids. This pathway is independent of the pathway that determines the budding pattern in haploids and diploids, which is also initiated by simultaneous expression of MATa and MATα genes.
The MMPI-2/MMPI: An Interpretive Manual

This book is a comprehensive overview of the MMPI/MMPI-2 and its interpretation. In a single source, the book provides an introduction to basic issues in the development and administration of the MMPI as well as a step-by-step procedure for interpreting the test.Additionally, the author discusses the use of the MMPI/MMPI-2 with special groups and it reviews the use and interpretation of critical items, special scales, and short forms. Summaries of empirical research are included in each chapter to illustrate the bases for interpretations. Offers an extended discussion of assessing validity. Uses case studies to illustrate interpretations. Provides a discussion of the use of MMPI/MMPI-2 with adolescents, the aged, and ethnic minorities. Written by an outstanding authority on the MMPI/MMPI-2.
Characterization of the SOS meta-regulon in the human gut microbiome

Motivation: Data from metagenomics projects remain largely untapped for the analysis of transcriptional regulatory networks. Here, we provide proof-of-concept that metagenomic data can be effectively leveraged to analyze regulatory networks by characterizing the SOS meta-regulon in the human gut microbiome. Results: We combine well-established in silico and in vitro techniques to mine the human gut microbiome data and determine the relative composition of the SOS network in a natural setting. Our analysis highlights the importance of translesion synthesis as a primary function of the SOS response. We predict the association of this network with three novel protein clusters involved in cell wall biogenesis, chromosome partitioning and restriction modification, and we confirm binding of the SOS response transcriptional repressor to sites in the promoter of a cell wall biogenesis enzyme, a phage integrase and a death-on-curing protein. We discuss the implications of these findings and the potential for this approach for metagenome analysis. Contact: ude.cbmu@llire Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The association of phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer A with hepatic insulin receptor enhances its kinase activity

Dysfunction of hepatic insulin receptor tyrosine kinase (IRTK) causes the development of type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism regulating IRTK activity in the liver remains poorly understood. Here, we show that phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer A (PIKE-A) is a new insulin-dependent enhancer of hepatic IRTK. Liver-specific Pike-knockout (LPKO) mice display glucose intolerance with impaired hepatic insulin sensitivity. Specifically, insulin-provoked phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signalling is diminished in the liver of LPKO mice, leading to the failure of insulin-suppressed gluconeogenesis and hyperglycaemia. Thus, hepatic PIKE-A has a key role in mediating insulin signal transduction and regulating glucose homeostasis in the liver.
Current Concepts of Vestibular Nucleus Function

: The vestibular nerve sends signals to the brain that code the movement and position of the head in space. These signals are used for a variety of functions, including the control of reflex and voluntary movements and the construction of a sense of self-motion. In order to carry out these functions, sensory vestibular signals need to be transformed in a variety of ways. Transformations are thought to occur at an early stage of sensory processing in the brain, and in many cases are apparent in the responses of neurons in the vestibular nuclei that receive direct inputs from the vestibular nerve. Several specific examples of sensory transformation in the vestibular nuclei are presented, and current hypotheses about the mechanisms that are used to produce the transformations are discussed.
Glassy dynamics in three-dimensional embryonic tissues

Many biological tissues are viscoelastic, behaving as elastic solids on short timescales and fluids on long timescales. This collective mechanical behaviour enables and helps to guide pattern formation and tissue layering. Here, we investigate the mechanical properties of three-dimensional tissue explants from zebrafish embryos by analysing individual cell tracks and macroscopic mechanical response. We find that the cell dynamics inside the tissue exhibit features of supercooled fluids, including subdiffusive trajectories and signatures of caging behaviour. We develop a minimal, three-parameter mechanical model for these dynamics, which we calibrate using only information about cell tracks. This model generates predictions about the macroscopic bulk response of the tissue (with no fit parameters) that are verified experimentally, providing a strong validation of the model. The best-fit model parameters indicate that although the tissue is fluid-like, it is close to a glass transition, suggesting that small changes to single-cell parameters could generate a significant change in the viscoelastic properties of the tissue. These results provide a robust framework for quantifying and modelling mechanically driven pattern formation in tissues.
Unarmed insurrections against authoritarian governments in the Third World: A new kind of revolution

(1994). Unarmed insurrections against authoritarian governments in the Third World: A new kind of revolution. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 403-426.
Instruments and Materials for Speech Audiometry

The preceding discussion on speech audiometry reviewed basic principles. The next task is to survey methods of administering speech tests, to outline the apparatus necessary for doing so, and to consider examples of well standardized tests.
Inputs and outputs of mercury from terrestrial watersheds: a review

This review focuses on mercury (Hg) inputs and outputs in temperate and boreal terrestrial systems. It covers deposition via throughfall and litterfall, whose sum (ca. 38 µg m2 a1) is greater tha...
Solving the two-body, bound-state Bethe-Salpeter equation

By expanding the solution of the the two-body, bound-state Bethe-Salpeter equation in terms of basis functions that obey the boundary conditions, solutions can be obtained to some, if not many, equations that have heretofore proved intractable. The utility of choosing such basis functions is demonstrated by calculating the zero-energy, bound-state solutions of a spin-0 boson and a spin-1/2 fermion with unequal masses that interact via scalar electrodynamics and are described by the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder approximation. The equation is solved by first making a Wick rotation and then projecting four-dimensional Euclidean space onto the surface of a unit, five-dimensional sphere. Solutions are expanded in terms of basis functions, each of which obeys the boundary conditions and can be expressed in terms of hyperspherical harmonics in five-dimensional space. The Bethe-Salpeter equation is discretized by requiring that the coefficient of each hyperspherical harmonic vanish. All integrations are performed analytically, yielding a generalized matrix eigenvalue equation that is solved numerically. Although the Bethe-Salpeter equation is separable in the zero-energy limit, the feature of Bethe-Salpeter equations that often prevents solutions from being obtained numerically is still present in the equation that is solved.
Design and characterization of a femtosecond fluorescence spectrometer based on optical Kerr gating.

Design and characterization of a general-purpose spectrometer for recording time-resolved emission spectra of typical fluorescent species is described. The system is based on a high repetition rate amplified Ti : sapphire system, an optical Kerr shutter for gating the emission, and a polychromator plus charge-coupled device (CCD) detection system. Using 1 mm of liquid benzene as the Kerr medium, and optics designed to provide high polarization quality, emission spectra of dilute solutions of solutes with nanosecond lifetimes can be recorded with good signal-to-noise ratios. The current spectrometer uses excitation wavelengths near 390 nm and provides spectra over the wavelength range 400–650 nm with 4 nm resolution and instrument response times of 450 fs (full width at half-maximum, FWHM). Selected applications are described to demonstrate the utility of this instrument.
Evaluation of NCEP–CFSR, NCEP–NCAR, ERA-Interim, and ERA-40 Reanalysis Datasets against Independent Sounding Observations over the Tibetan Plateau

The NCEP‐NCAR reanalysis, NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), 40-yr ECMWF ReAnalysis (ERA-40), and interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) products are evaluated with sounding observations from anenhanced radiosondenetworkavailable every 6 h during the Tibetan PlateauExperiment (TIPEX) conducted from 10 May to 9 August 1998. This study uses more than 3000 high-quality, independent rawinsondes at 11 stations (which were not assimilated in any of the reanalyses), which represents the first time thatsuchacomprehensiveevaluationisperformedtoassessthequalityofthesefourmostwidelyusedreanalysis products over this region, which is highest in the world and crucial to the global climate and weather. Averaging over the entire three-month period, it is found that each reanalysis dataset produces mean values of temperature and horizontal winds consistent with the verifying soundings (indicating relatively small mean bias);however,thereareconsiderabledifferences(biases)inthemeanrelativehumidity.Onaverage,exceptfor temperature at higher levels, both newer-generation reanalyses (CFSR and ERA-Interim) have smaller rootmean-square (RMS) error and bias than their predecessors (NCEP‐NCAR and ERA-40). With some exceptions, the RMS errors of all variables for both CFSR and ERA-Interim(verifying with soundings) are similar in magnitudetotheRMSdifferencebetweenthesetworeanalyses, allofwhichareapproximatelytwiceas largeas the corresponding observation errors. It is also found that there are strong diurnal variations in bothRMS error and mean bias that differ greatly among different reanalyses and at different pressure levels.
A Low-Complexity Receiver for Cooperative Simultaneous Relaying

We consider the impact of carrier frequency offsets arising naturally when multiple relay terminals transmit simultaneously using a space-time code in a cooperative relaying scenario. In such a scenario, we design an adaptive, low-complexity receiver that attempts to eliminate the effect of frequency offsets. The adaptive receiver allows for decoupling of the decisionmaking of transmitted symbols utilizing the orthogonality of the underlying space-time code. In a quasi-static Rayleigh fading channel, we demonstrate the performance of the adaptive receiver over a range of frequency offsets by considering two transmitting relays. We prove that the adaptive receiver achieves full diversity, and using simulation results for two relays we show that the performance greatly improves over a conventional differential receiver that ignores the presence of frequency offsets.
Neural tube closure and neural tube defects: studies in animal models reveal known knowns and known unknowns

The vertebrate central nervous system is a hollow structure that develops first as a flat sheet of cells and subsequently rolls into a tube during embryogenesis. Failure of this rolling process, called neural tube closure, results in a class of common human birth defects called neural tube defects. The cellular and molecular mechanisms governing neural tube closure have been studied extensively in animal models, but much remains to be elucidated. In this review, I will highlight recent progress in understanding neural tube closure mechanisms and how these studies can inform our search for the genes that underlie human neural tube defects. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the American Journal of Medical Genetics (Part C) website (http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/suppmat/1552-4868/suppmat/2005/135/v135.1.wallingford.html)
THE TREATMENT OF ERYTHRASMA IN A HOSPITAL FOR THE MENTALLY SUBNORMAL

SUMMARY.— Erythrasma of axillae, groins and feet was treated in a double blind controlled trial. The following preparations were used and are given in order of effectiveness; Whitfield's ointment, framycetin ointment, erythromycin, oxytetracycline and Tinaderm. A placebo was ineffective.
The Main and Interaction Effects of Process Rigor, Process Standardization, and Process Agility on System Performance in Distributed IS Development: An Ambidexterity Perspective

Information systems (IS) development is becoming increasingly more geographically dispersed. Although process rigor, process standardization, and process agility are generally believed to have a positive impact on software development, it has not been well understood how these process capabilities affect distributed IS development. More important, no prior research has investigated their interaction effects. Drawing upon prior literature on organizational ambidexterity, we hypothesize: positive main effects of process rigor, process standardization, and process agility; a positive interaction effect of process rigor and process agility; and a positive interaction effect of process standardization and process agility on system performance in distributed development. Our data analysis results support a positive main effect of the three process capabilities. We find a positive interaction effect of process rigor and process agility suggesting positive process ambidexterity of rigor and agility. Surprisingly, we find a negative interaction effect of process agility and process standardization suggesting negative process ambidexterity of agility and standardization.
Editorial: Clinical Application of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT): Cranium to Prostate.

Stereotactic radiosurgery is a relatively recent radiation technique initially developed using a frame-based system in 1949 by a Swedish neurosurgeon, Lars Leksell, for lesions not amendable to surgical resection. Radiosurgery is founded on principles of extreme radiation dose escalation, afforded by precise dose delivery with millimeter to submillimeter accuracy. Building upon the success of frame-based radiosurgery techniques, which were limited to cranial tumors and invasive head-frame placement, advances in radiation delivery and image guidance have led to the development of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). SBRT allows for frameless delivery of dose distributions akin to frame-based cranial stereotactic radiosurgery to both cranial and extracranial sites and has emerged as an important treatment strategy for a variety of cancers from the cranium to prostate. In this research topic, we present a compendium of scientific papers that highlight the forefront of clinical applications of SBRT. This collection of papers showcase the wide application of SBRT for primary cancers often in patient populations in whom conventional treatment strategies are either not possible anatomically, fraught with risk due to medical comorbidities, or present significant threats to patient quality of life. This includes the primary treatment for elderly patients with inoperable head and neck cancers, medically inoperable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, adrenal metastases, and early-stage organ confined prostate cancer. Through stereotaxy, SBRT limits the volume of tissue that is irradiated which is especially important when considering reirradiation for recurrent tumors; this is highlighted through the collection with papers discussing SBRT for reirradiation of primary brain tumors, skull-base, and parenchymal brain metastases, and gynecologic tumors. Finally, as a number of papers herein highlight, SBRT both due to its short overall treatment time, minimal acute side effects, and unique underlying radiobiological effects, holds the potential for integration with novel systemic therapies aimed at improving outcomes and even potentially engaging the immune system in the oncologic armamentarium. This collection could, thus, serve as an invaluable resource for the growing breadth of SBRT application as physicians continue the relentless pursuit of tackling some of the most challenging cases in oncology.
American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery position statement on long-term survival benefit after metabolic and bariatric surgery

The following position statement has been issued by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in response to numerous inquiries made to the Society by patients, physicians, society members, hospitals, health insurance payors, the media, and others regarding the benefit of metabolic and bariatric surgery on long-term survival. An overview of the current available published peer-reviewed scientific evidence is presented.
Impact of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill on population size and genetic structure of horse flies in Louisiana marshes

The greenhead horse fly, Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart, is frequently found in coastal marshes of the Eastern United States. The greenhead horse fly larvae are top predators in the marsh and thus vulnerable to changes in the environment, and the adults potentially are attracted to polarized surfaces like oil. Therefore, horse fly populations could serve as bioindicators of marsh health and toxic effects of oil intrusion. In this study, we describe the impact of the April 2010 Deep Water Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico on tabanid population abundance and genetics as well as mating structure. Horse fly populations were sampled biweekly from oiled and unaffected locations immediately after the oil spill in June 2010 until October 2011. Horse fly abundance estimates showed severe crashes of tabanid populations in oiled areas. Microsatellite genotyping of six pristine and seven oiled populations at ten polymorphic loci detected genetic bottlenecks in six of the oiled populations in association with fewer breeding parents, reduced effective population size, lower number of family clusters and fewer migrants among populations. This is the first study assessing the impact of oil contamination at the level of a top arthropod predator of the invertebrate community in salt marshes.
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Precipitation from Observations and Models

Principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized to explore the temporal and spatial variability of precipitation from GPCP and a CAM5 simulation from 1979 to 2010. In the tropical region, the interannual variability of tropical precipitation is characterized by two dominant modes (El Nino and El Nino Modoki). The first and second modes of tropical GPCP precipitation capture 31.9% and 15.6% of the total variance, respectively. The first mode has positive precipitation anomalies over the western Pacific and negative precipitation anomalies over the central and eastern Pacific. The second mode has positive precipitation anomalies over the central Pacific and negative precipitation anomalies over the western and eastern Pacific. Similar variations are seen in the first two modes of tropical precipitation from a CAM5 simulation, although the magnitudes are slightly weaker than in the observations. Over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high latitudes, the first mode, capturing 8.3% of the total variance of NH GPCP precipitation, is related to the northern annular mode (NAM). During the positive phase of NAM, there are negative precipitation anomalies over the Arctic and positive precipitation anomalies over the midlatitudes. Over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) high latitudes, the first mode, capturing 13.2% of the total variance of SH GPCP precipitation, is related to the southern annular mode (SAM). During the positive phase of the SAM, there are negative precipitation anomalies over the Antarctic and positive precipitation anomalies over the midlatitudes. The CAM5 precipitation simulation demonstrates similar results to those of the observations. However, they do not capture both the high precipitation anomalies over the northern Pacific Ocean or the position of the positive precipitation anomalies in the SH.
Review: high alcohol intake increases mortality in both men and women.

Source Citation Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Bagnardi V, et al. Alcohol dosing and total mortality in men and women: an updated meta-analysis of 34 prospective studies. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2...
DOE FreedomCAR and vehicle technologies program advanced power electronic and electrical machines annual review report

This report is a summary of the Review Panel at the FY06 DOE FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies (FCVT) Annual Review of Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Machine (APEEM) research activities held on August 15-17, 2006.
Operation of static and flowing Cs DPAL with different buffer gas mixtures

Cs DPAL operation using Ethane, Methane and mixtures of these hydrocarbons with noble gases He and Ar as a buffer gases for spin-orbit relaxation was studied in this work. The best Cs DPAL performance in continuous wave operation with flowing gain medium was achieved using pure Methane, pure Ethane or a mixture of Ethane (minimum of 200 Torr) and He with a total buffer gas pressure of 300 torr.
PKC-sensitive Cl- channels associated with ciliary epithelial homologue of pICln

Swelling activates and protein kinase C (PKC) downregulates Cl- channels in cultured nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells. We now report that the PKC inhibitor staurosporine upregulates whole cell Cl- currents isosmotically. The kinetics and current-voltage relationship are similar to those of volume-activated Cl- channels of these cells. These properties are inconsistent with cloned ClC-0, ClC-1, ClC-2, and MDR1 channels but could reflect the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel or the Cl- channel regulator pICln. CFTR mRNA was undetectable by Northern analysis of cultured NPE cells or ciliary body tissue. In contrast, a human pICln probe obtained by polymerase chain reaction cloning and showing 90% identity with the rat cDNA clone detected high levels of transcripts in NPE cells. The level was low in tissue, where the NPE message was diluted by RNA from other cells. We conclude that NPE cells display staurosporine-activated Cl- channels [gSt(Cl)] likely identical with the volume-activated channels. The same cells expressing gSt(Cl) transcribe mRNA for a novel homologue (pHCBICln) of pICln that may regulate Cl- transport into the aqueous humor.
Things Fall Apart Revisiting Race and Ethnic Differences in Criminal Violence amidst a Crime Drop

Using nearly three decades of major and sometimes abrupt change in U.S. crime rates as a backdrop, this essay probes the perennial question of what accounts for well-documented ethnic and racial di...
Stock Market Influence Factor Analysis Based on Web Data Mining

We collect Web financial text information from financial BBS( Bulletin Board System) and classify all these text information according to their word count. Then we do empirical analysis by factor model and GARCH( Generalized Autoreg Ressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) models. Our three findings are: number of new posts and stock yield are directly related; posts with more words are expected to have greater affects on stock yield; the correlation between count of new posts and stock volatility is statistically significant.
Research and Application of Power Quality Monitoring System in Electric Railway Centralized Access Areas

In order to meet the requirement of the power quality monitoring system in the electric railway centralized access area,some methods based on Jiangxi power quality monitoring system are presented for improving the compatibility and management level.The system uses three layers frame which is based on monitoring master station,substation and remote station.By creating and expanding the power quality data model based on IEC61850, the compatibility of the system is improved.The fuzzy comprehensive method is used for the power quality evaluation of monitoring point.With contribution rate,the harmonic source identification is realized by binary linear regression algorithm.The voltage sag source identification method is proposed by calculating the voltage,current and the angle between them during the voltage dropping moment.All of above ways upgrade the application level of the monitoring system effectively.By integrating the function of data and communication monitoring in the software,the system maintenance level is strengthened too.By the analysis of monitoring data,the impact of electric railway in Jiangxi power grid is given.The ideas and conclusions of the research can provide reference for the construction of similar monitoring system.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Postoperative Infants with Congenital Heart Disease

Objective The causes and clinical features of pulmonary hemorrhage in postoperative infants with congenital heart disease(CHD)were analyzed,and in order to explore how to lower mortality by timely diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hemorrhage in postoperative infants with CHD.Methods Twenty-three cases of infantile postoperative pulmonary haemorrhage with CHD encountered in the cardiac surgical intensive care unit from Mar.2000 to Nov.2008 were studied.Retrospective analysis was performed of their primary disease,clinical manifestations,lab examination results and treatment process.All patients under took cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB),and CPB time was 47-182 min,aortic cross-clamping time was 29-136 min.Thirteen cases had postoperative occurred low cardiac output syndrome postoperative immediately,1 patient underwent secondary open heart surgery to stanch bleeding after 11 h.A lot of pink or bloody sputum can be sucked out from the tube in the trachea of 14 cases,9 cases of pulmonary hemorrhage occurred with symptoms and signs deteriorated in the primary di-sease,and pulmonary hemorrhage occurred 2-22 days after operation.They all had received arterial blood gas analysis and platelet count examination,of which 17 cases had coagulation function test and 21 cases had bedside chest X-ray examination after pulmonary hemorrhage.They all had undergone endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation with SIMV mode,of which 6 cases were treated with volume control ventilation,while the rest of which with pressure control ventilation.Conduct suction,application of 110 000 epinephrine via the airway,infusion of coagulation factor and active treatment of the primary disease and other complications.Results Nine cases(39%)with primary disease and pulmonary hemorrhage were cured in 23 cases by combined therapy including mechanical ventilation,14 cases died of pulmonary hemorrhage,of which 6 cases died within 3 h after pulmonary hemorrhage.Conclusions It is crucial for raising the survival rate of infantile postoperative pulmonary haemorrhage with CHD,to get the early diagnosis,proper use of the ventilator and hemostatic,active treatment of primary disease.
212)Pb as tracer for PM deposition on urban vegetation.

(212)Pb concentration in outdoor air is closely correlated with fine suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere. Thanks to this association, this isotope can be used to trace the sinking processes of particulate matter due to the vegetation, also providing accurate estimations of the deposition velocity on foliar surfaces. This approach is particularly effective in areas with high thoron fluxes and, consequently, high (212)Pb fluxes from soil. The contribution of vegetation to the improvement of air quality (AQImp) in the municipality area (MA) of Rome (Latium, Italy), almost entirely located on Th-enriched volcanic soils, was estimated by studying (212)Pb deposition velocity on the grasses (0.9-2.5mm·s(-1)) and on the most common tree classes, namely conifers (1.5-15mm·s(-1)), evergreen (1-4mm·s(-1)) and deciduous (0.2-1.5mm·s(-1)). (212)Pb activity in outdoor air was determined by gamma spectrometry after air pumping with accumulation on cellulose filters and after collection on artificial electrostatically charged surfaces (ECS). The high (212)Pb activity values obtained from this analysis (0.90±0.6Bqm(-3) and 0.58±0.15Bqm(-3), respectively near and far from the soil) are consistent both with the average regional thoron flux from volcanic soils (2.9·10(4)Bqm(-2)·h(-1)) and with the thoron flux measured in the volcanic soils of the study area. Thoron and (212)Pb fluxes were also measured both in laboratory and in the field under different soil moisture conditions. The total AQImp for the period from September 2014 to September 2015, calculated after the classification of the MA of Rome into six classes of vegetation, provided a value of 0.20 corresponding to 2.3 Tons per day of removed PM10. The role of grasslands in the PM10 removal, the contribution of the vegetation to the improvement of AQImp and the possibility of improving the sinking efficiency of green areas by increasing conifer trees coverage were also highlighted.
Anatomy of diffusion measurement

This chapter discusses the sensitization of magnetic resonance (MR) signal intensity to molecular diffusion due to the application of a pair of dephasing and rephasing gradients. The movement of molecules between the two gradient pulses leads to imperfect rephasing and signal loss. The chapter reviews the parameters that affect the signal attenuation ( S/S 0 )—where S 0 is the signal intensity without gradients and S is the signal with a pair of gradients. The longer the interval between the two pulses, the greater is the chance for the water molecules to move around, which leads to more signal loss. The higher the diffusion constant ( D ) the greater is the chance for the water molecules to change their positions within a fixed amount of time ( Δ ). Another parameter is the amount of initial dephasing, which is decided by the area of the gradients. There are four parameters that dictate the amount of signal loss and among them G, Δ, and δ are experimental parameters. By changing them, the amount of signal loss (“diffusion weighting”) can be controlled, and the pair of gradients is called “diffusion-weighting gradients.”
Noise management in mobile speech based health tools

Noise impacts speech recognition and processing capabilities on mobile devices. The Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is a good indicator of noise in the acoustic environment where the speech is recorded and processed. In this paper, SNR and its impact on speech recognition and processing capabilities on a mobile device are studied for a relatively small text corpus of 50 words. The speech recognition accuracy is quantified using a word accuracy metric for different levels of SNR. Future mobile health tools that detect speech disorders caused by illness can benefit from this study and the resulting tool developed to give appropriate feedback to a user about their acoustic environment. Corrective measures can be suggested based on this to alleviate the potential problem, e.g., adjusting a microphone or relocating to a quieter environment.
Evaluation of Functionality and Usability on Diabetes Mobile Applications: A Systematic Literature Review

Objective: To systematically review the studies related to the functionality and usability evaluation of diabetes mobile apps. Method: We searched three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. The search terms used were “mobile app”, “mobile application”, “diabetes”, and “evaluation”. We limited the articles to those that were written in English and published from January 1, 2006 to October 4, 2016. Results: There were seven articles focused on type 1 diabetes, two articles focused on type 2 diabetes, two articles focused on both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, nine articles focused on diabetes that authors did not state specific type. With regard to types of evaluation, only one study reported solely on functionality, seven studies reported usability, and twelve studies reported both functionality and usability. The methods used for evaluations included survey, interview, laboratory testing, user testing, questionnaire, expert evaluation, and heuristic evaluation. Conclusion: Future studies should consider the standard evaluation methods for evaluate functionality and usability of diabetes self-management (DSM) apps.
Say good night to your pain

Sleep deprivation induces pain hypersensitivity that can be reversed by increasing alertness.
Assessment of Strength Degradation of Historic Masonry Monuments due to Damage: Load Path–Based Approach

AbstractHistoric masonry monuments experience aging and accumulated damage, which consequently degrade both their stiffness and strength. Stiffness degradation can be quantified through nondestruct...
EDUCATIONAL REFORM IN LOS ANGELES AND ITS EFFECT UPON THE MEXICAN COMMUNITY, 1900-1930

The theme of equal educational opportunity was a major concern of the urban Chicano Movement in the late sixties. Chicanos accused the entire school system of racism and insensitivity towards the Chicano community. Schools, declared the activists, used institutionalized techniques such as intelligence tests and a tracking system to insure that disproportional numbers of Chicano children would be placed in vocational education courses or in classes for the mentally retarded.
Effects of reverberation, background talker number, and compression release time on signal-to-noise ratio

Wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) processing in hearing aids alters the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a speech-in-noise signal. This effect depends on the modulations of the speech and noise, input SNR, and WDRC speed. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine the change in output SNR caused by the interaction between modulation characteristics and WDRC speed. Two modulation manipulations were examined: (1) reverberation and (2) variation in background talker number. Results indicated that fast-acting WDRC altered SNR more than slow-acting WDRC; however, reverberation reduced this difference. Additionally, less modulated maskers led to poorer output SNRs than modulated maskers.
Abstract 257: Bone Marrow Cells Form New Cardiomyocytes in the Infarcted Myocardium

The ability of c-kit-positive bone marrow cells (c-kit-BMCs) to form cardiomyocytes following delivery to the acutely infarcted myocardium is a matter of debate. In an attempt to resolve the controversy, we raised the possibility that c-kit-BMCs represent a functionally heterogeneous pool, containing cells with distinct transdifferentiation potential. To test this hypothesis, c-kit-BMCs were infected with EGFP-lentiviruses and injected in infarcted hearts. At 1 and 2 weeks, the regenerated myocardium was enzymatically digested and EGFP-labeled myocytes, endothelial cells (ECs), fibroblasts, and c-kit-cells were sorted. By employing a PCR-based method of detection of viral integrants, we searched for unique sites of viral insertion in the infected c-kit-BMCs and their progeny. Common insertion sites were found in the DNA of all cell populations, documenting that single c-kit-BMCs transdifferentiated into multiple cell lineages. However, the 31 detected clones shared 9 distinct sites of integration, suggesting that myocytes in different animals were generated by specific subsets of c-kit-BMCs, which retained the ability to transdifferentiate. To strengthen the observation that myocardial regeneration is oligoclonal in nature, freshly isolated FACS-sorted c-kit-BMCs were simultaneously transduced with 3 lentiviruses, each encoding red, green or blue (RGB) fluorescent proteins. Different combinations of inserted vectors resulted in the formation of numerous c-kit-BMC clones of mixed colors. RGB-infected HSCs were injected in infarcted rats; at 4 days, engrafted c-kit-BMCs showed a polyclonal pattern characterized by the presence of cells labeled by most of the color combinations seen in vitro. However, at 2 weeks, only a few of the homogeneously colored colonies seen at 4 days persisted and formed large patches of cells composed of myocytes, ECs, and smooth muscle cells. Our findings document that c-kit-BMCs are functionally heterogeneous and have different ability to survive, engraft, and transdifferentiate in the ischemic heart. At present, clonal c-kit-BMCs are being analyzed by RNA-sequencing for the identification of the unique phenotypical properties of c-kit-BMCs with high transdifferentiation potential.
The impact of IV alteplase on long-term patient survival: The Georgia Coverdell acute stroke registry's experience.

Abstract Introduction Intravenous alteplase reduces disability and improves functionality among acute ischemic stroke patients. Two decades after its approval, only a small fraction of patients get the treatment, and demonstrating its impact on mortality may make a strong case for its wider use. This study assessed the impact of thrombolytic treatment by alteplase on 1-year mortality and readmission among acute ischemic stroke patients. Method The 2008–2013 Georgia Coverdell Acute Stroke Registry data were linked with the 2008–2013 hospital discharge and the 2008–2014 death data in Georgia. Multiple imputation was applied; a propensity score measuring the probability of receiving intravenous alteplase was calculated and used for matching. A conditional logistic regression was applied to compare 1-year mortality and readmission among propensity score matched pairs. Results Overall, 20.3% of 9620 acute ischemic stroke patients died and 22.4% were readmitted in one year. The multivariable regression result showed that patients who did not receive IV alteplase had a 1.49 (95%CI: 1.09–2.04; p-value = 0.01) times higher odds of dying at one year than those who were treated with the thrombolytic agent. Among patients discharged home, no statistically significant difference was documented in the odds of being readmitted at least once within 365 days post-stroke discharge. Discussion and conclusion After accounting for patient differences and missing value, intravenous alteplase is associated with reduction in long-term mortality. The results of this study suggest that patients who are identified as eligible for intravenous alteplase need to be offered the treatment.
Carbon‐Enriched Amorphous Hydrogenated Boron Carbide Films for Very‐Low‐k Interlayer Dielectrics

A longstanding challenge in ultralarge-scale integration has been the continued improvement in low-dielectric-constant (low-k) interlayer dielectric materials and other specialized layers in back-end-of-the-line interconnect fabrication. Modeled after the success of carbon-containing organosilicate materials, carbon-enriched amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide (a-BxC:Hy) films are grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from ortho-carborane and methane. These films contain more extraicosahedral sp3 hydrocarbon groups than nonenriched a-BxC:Hy films, as revealed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and also exhibit lower dielectric constants than their nonenriched counterparts, notably due to low densities combined with a low distortion and orientation contribution to the total polarizability. Films with dielectric constant as low as 2.5 are reported with excellent electrical stability (leakage current of 10−9 A cm−2 at 2 MV cm−1 and breakdown voltage of >6 MV cm−1), good thermal conductivity of 0.31 ± 0.03 W m−1 K−1, and high projected Young's modulus of 12 ± 3 GPa. These properties rival those of leading SiOC:H materials, and position a-BxC:Hy as an important complement to traditional Si-based materials to meet the complex needs of next-generation interconnect fabrication.
Social Referencing and Conformity

About 30 years ago, university students in Oslo and Paris participated in a study of conformity (Milgram, 1961), in which they were asked to determine which of two acoustic tones was the longer one. To answer this relatively simple question—the two tones were of obviously different lengths—the student sat in a booth and responded only after hearing what appeared to be the judgments of five other students who communicated via intercom from adjacent booths. In truth, the “voices” actually were tape recordings of answers to the tone length judgment question. In the critical trials when the “other students” gave the obviously wrong answer, the French students went along with the others’ judgment 50% of the time, and the Norwegian students 62% of the time.
Improved Methods for Classification, Prediction, and Design of Antimicrobial Peptides

Peptides with diverse amino acid sequences, structures, and functions are essential players in biological systems. The construction of well-annotated databases not only facilitates effective information management, search, and mining but also lays the foundation for developing and testing new peptide algorithms and machines. The antimicrobial peptide database (APD) is an original construction in terms of both database design and peptide entries. The host defense antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) registered in the APD cover the five kingdoms (bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals) or three domains of life (bacteria, archaea, and eukaryota). This comprehensive database ( http://aps.unmc.edu/AP ) provides useful information on peptide discovery timeline, nomenclature, classification, glossary, calculation tools, and statistics. The APD enables effective search, prediction, and design of peptides with antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, insecticidal, spermicidal, anticancer activities, chemotactic, immune modulation, or antioxidative properties. A universal classification scheme is proposed herein to unify innate immunity peptides from a variety of biological sources. As an improvement, the upgraded APD makes predictions based on the database-defined parameter space and provides a list of the sequences most similar to natural AMPs. In addition, the powerful pipeline design of the database search engine laid a solid basis for designing novel antimicrobials to combat resistant superbugs, viruses, fungi, or parasites. This comprehensive AMP database is a useful tool for both research and education.
Childhood trauma and the enduring consequences of forcibly separating children from parents at the United States border

Forcible separation and detention of children from parents seeking asylum in the United States has been decried as immoral and halted by court order. Babies and children have been separated and transported to facilities sometimes many miles away. Limited data on forced detention of unaccompanied minors reveal high incidence of posttraumatic stress, anxiety disorders, depression, aggression, and suicidal ideation. These consequences will be magnified in youths forcibly separated from their parents, particularly younger children who depend on attachment bonds for self-regulation and resilience. Studies exploring the neuropsychiatric consequences of traumatic stress have revealed consistent effects of early life stress on brain structure, function and connectivity, and the identification of sensitive periods, which occur throughout childhood when specific regions and pathways are strongly influenced by adversity. Studies of epigenetics, inflammation and allostatic load are similarly enhancing our awareness of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the long-term consequences of traumatic stress. We must consider effects on the developing brain, mind and body to appreciate the long-term consequences of policies that force separation and detention of children.