cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A demand-shifting feasibility algorithm for Benders decomposition

Abstract Benders decomposition is a popular method for solving problems by resource-directive decomposition. Often, the resource allocations from the master problem lead to infeasible subproblems, as resources are insufficient to meet demand. This generally requires the use of feasibility cuts to reach a feasible solution, which can be computationally expensive. For problems in which subproblems have limited capacity, we propose an efficient algorithm which shifts excess demand to other sources of capacity. The advantages of the algorithm are that it is quick, requires only one solution of each subproblem in each Benders iteration, and does not add any feasibility cuts into the master problem. A computational study is performed on a fleet sizing problem to illustrate the algorithm’s efficiency when compared to the traditional feasibility cut method.
Double-Strand RNA Binding Protein Profiling

The double-strand RNA-binding proteins (DRBP), which are featured by the existence of evolutionarily conserved dsRNA-binding domain (DRBD), have been reported to function in a variety of significant cellular activities, involving RNA processing, RNA cleavage, RNA interference and anti-viral immunity pathways.However, it still remains unclear about the molecular mechanism and dynamic properties underlying the interaction between DRBP and dsRNA. Recently single-molecule experiments have shown an ATP-independent diffusion/sliding activity of purified TRBP as well as its two homologs, PKR activator and R3D1-L, on double strand RNA molecules (Koh et al., 2013), indicating a potential generalizability of diffusion/sliding activity in dsRNA-binding proteins family. To test this hypothesis and to further characterize DRBPs in terms of substrate specificity, binding affinity, features of motion upon binding and multiple DRBD collaboration or redundancy, we examined in vivo expressed proteins with one or more DRBDs at single-molecule level.In this research, DRBP genes have been cloned from Human Open Reading Frame Library and overexpressed in human A549 cells. Then we immobilized the protein products on quartz slide surface by Single Molecule Pull Down (Jain et al. 2011) and investigated their dynamic property upon biding various dsRNA substrates using Protein Induced Fluorescence Enhancement (PIFE) (Hwang et al, 2011). PIFE data from one of our candidates, TRBP, showed the intensity fluctuation of Cy3, the fluorescent label of dsRNA substrates, indicating that TRBP is sliding back and forth along dsRNA strand upon binding to it (Fig. 1). This result is highly consistent with the experimental observation in vitro (Koh et al., 2013).1. Koh H. R et al. (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 110:151-15.2. Jain A et al. (2012) Nat Protoc 7:445-452.3. Hwang H et al. (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 7414-7418.View Large Image | View Hi-Res Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
Interpersonal construct systems among psychopaths

To examine social cognitive anomalies in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic participants, 56 inmates were administered a computerized adaptation of the role construct repertory test (Kelly, G. A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs. New York: Norton) and given bipolar constructs (e.g. friendly–unfriendly) to evaluate interpersonal behavior corresponding to the octants of the interpersonal circumplex (Wiggins, J. S. (1979). A psychological taxonomy of trait descriptive terms: the interpersonal domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 395–412.). Partially consistent with the suggestion of hostile attributional bias, Caucasian psychopaths employed the aggressive/non-aggressive construct more frequently than nonpsychopaths; however, they did not demonstrate a consistent bias towards appraising others' behavior as aggressive. By contrast, among African-American participants, social cognitive abnormalities were either a joint function of psychopathy and negative affectivity or a function of negative affectivity alone. These results underscore prior suggestions that cognitive and behavioral concomitants of psychopathy may be differentially expressed as a function of race.
Building and operating a web‐based reporting system: A case study

The political and technical challenges posed in launching a Web-based reporting system are explored, along with lessons learned over four years of operation.
Preparation of SixCyHz films from methylsilane by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (Si x C y H z ) films were synthesized by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using monomethylsilane (CH 3 SiH 3 ) as the precursor. Silicon (100) wafers and gold foils were employed as substrates. A mass spectrometric analysis of the plasma showed that the advantage of using monomethylsilane relative to a silane-hydrocarbon mixture is that the majority of the Si—C bonds were preserved in the CH 3 SiH 3 plasma. The composition and the morphology of the Si x C y H z films was studied via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy as a function of the substrate temperature, composition of the ion flux bombarding the surface, and kinetic energy of these ions. The oxygen content of the films was found to decrease monotonically with increasing substrate temperature.
The training of community mental health clinicians as infant specialists

This article describes the training program and collaborative effort between the Department of Mental Health, the Child Development Project at the University of Michigan, and community mental health agencies. The in-service training is described with special attention to content and process, including the role of case supervision. The effect of the training program as a catalyst to service development is noted.
Defining the pathology of endometrial hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma

Summary Definitions and illustrations are provided for endometrial hyperplasias, including slight, cystic, adenomatous and polypoid types; for endometrial dysplasia; and for endometrial carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinomas. Three grades of adenocarcinoma and the diagnostic criteria of adenoacanthoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and several special types of endometrial carcinoma are described. The importance of high quality histologic preparations, a cool professional analysis of the histopathology and a conservative attitude toward the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma are emphasized.
Our man in Africa

The Ecological Century: A Personal Appraisal. By E. Barton Worthington. Oxford University Press: 1983. Pp.206. £13.50, $27.50.
Sizing Large Proteins and Protein Complexes by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility

Mass spectrometry (MS) and ion mobility with electrospray ionization (ESI) have the capability to measure and detect large noncovalent protein-ligand and protein-protein complexes. Using an ion mobility method of gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (GEMMA), protein particles representing a range of sizes can be separated by their electrophoretic mobility in air. Highly charged particles produced from a protein complex solution using electrospray can be manipulated to produce singly charged ions, which can be separated and quantified by their electrophoretic mobility. Results from ESI-GEMMA analysis from our laboratory and others were compared with other experimental and theoretically determined parameters, such as molecular mass and cryoelectron microscopy and X-ray crystal structure dimensions. There is a strong correlation between the electrophoretic mobility diameter determined from GEMMA analysis and the molecular mass for protein complexes up to 12 MDa, including the 93 kDa enolase dimer, the 480 kDa ferritin 24-mer complex, the 4.6 MDa cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV), and the 9 MDa MVP-vault assembly. ESI-GEMMA is used to differentiate a number of similarly sized vault complexes that are composed of different N-terminal protein tags on the MVP subunit. The average effective density of the proteins and protein complexes studied was 0.6 g/cm3. Moreover, there is evidence that proteins and protein complexes collapse or become more compact in the gas phase in the absence of water.
Restriction enzyme map of cryptic plasmid accompanying pR711b and pR409; identity of pR409 and pR388.

A reference strain containing the IncW plasmid, pR409, was found to contain also a cryptic, conjugative plasmid, here named pJR15. After the separation of the two plasmids into different strains of bacteria, pR409 was found to have an identical restriction enzyme map to the IncW plasmid, pR388. Both pR409 and pR388 were isolated from the same hospital in London and confer sulphonamide and trimethoprim resistance. Orginally pR409 was reported to confer resistance to tetracycline, but this was not confirmed by the Plasmid Reference Center. pR409 appears to represent another isolate of pR388 in a different host background. The restriction enzyme map of the cryptic plasmid, pJR15 (39 kb), has been determined. pJR15 was found compatible with plasmids from 15 different incompatibility groups and has been found also in the reference strain of the IncD plasmid, pR711b. The HindIII and BglII digests of pR711 b are shown. The possible presence of the conjugative plasmid, pJR15, should be examined for studies on the sex pili or chromosomal mobilization properties of pR711b.
High-resolution structural material (n,xy) production cross sections for 0.2 < E n ≤ 40 MeV

Abstract An experimental program has been initiated at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) to measure yields of individual gamma rays resulting from interactions of 0.2- to 40-MeV neutrons with elements of structural materials of interest both for applied needs and basic research. In this paper we outline this program and present some cross-section results for ″natCr(n,xγ), 56Fe(n,xγ) and 58Ni(n,xγ). A good estimate of the total inelastic scattering cross section is obtained from the production cross section of the gamma ray corresponding to de-excitation of the first 2+ level in the even-even nuclides studied. In addition, cross sections for production of gamma rays resulting from tertiary reactions are measured, thus obtaining scarce cross-section information about these reactions.
Synthesis, characterization, and crosslinking of methacrylate‐telechelic PDMAAm‐b‐PDMS‐b‐PDMAAm copolymers

The synthesis and molecular characterization of a new amphiphilic conetwork (APCN) designed for silicone hydrogel use is described. The synthesis strategy, outlined in Scheme 1, calls for the preparation, by the RAFT technique, of a new methacrylate-telechelic amphiphilic pentablock, MA-PHEA-b-PDMAAM-b-PDMS-b-PDMAAm-b-PHEA-MA, and its crosslinking to the target APCN. The sketch shows the architecture of the APCN (dotted lines, PDMAAm; solid lines, PDMS; clusters, MA-based crosslinking sites; see Fig. 3). All six synthesis steps proceed smoothly and efficiently, and the products are optically clear, colorless membranes exhibiting properties appropriate for ophthalmic use.
Fish bioenergetics and growth in aquaculture ponds: II. Effects of interactions among, size, temperature, dissolved oxygen, unionized ammonia and food on growth of individual fish

Abstract In a previous paper, predictions of the individual effects of size, temperature, dissolved oxygen, unionized ammonia and food on fish growth from an organismal model of fish bioenergetics and growth agreed well with available data. Model predictions of the combined effects of size and temperature, size and food, temperature and food, and dissolved oxygen and food on growth also agreed well with available data. Model predictions of six undocumented two-factor interactions were consistent with other known interactions and general principles of fish energetics. The model was also used to predict maximum, optimum, and maintenance rations under controlled environments.
Event-by-event azimuthal anisotropy of jet quenching in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Background: Strong jet quenching has been observed in heavy ion collisions at both the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) that can be understood through substantial jet energy loss in the created hot QCD matter. Yet the azimuthal anisotropy of jet quenching has not been thoroughly studied in the presence of strong fluctuations in the initial condition.Purpose: We present with full details a systematic quantification of the hard probe azimuthal response to the geometry and fluctuations of the hot QCD matter at both RHIC and LHC. We also examine the hard-soft dihadron correlation arising from the hard and soft sectors' responses to the common fluctuating initial condition.Methods: An even-by-event Monte Carlo simulation is employed. Different geometrical jet-quenching models are tested. The azimuthal anisotropy of jet quenching is extracted and decomposed as harmonic responses (for $n=1$--6) to the corresponding harmonics in the initial state.Results: We show that such jet response harmonics are sensitive to the jet quenching models as well as to the initial composition of bulk matter. Their centrality dependence puts a strong constraint on the path-length and medium-density dependence of jet energy loss. The computed hard-soft dihadron correlation shows a strong peak on the near side in RHIC central collisions. The triggered correlation in noncentral collisions is also presented.Conclusions: Only the jet-quenching model with near-${T}_{c}$ enhancement survives the second-harmonic test by the RHIC and LHC. Other harmonics in this model are consistent with the available data. We also demonstrate that the experimentally observed ``hard ridge'' can be explained in our calculation and that its trigger-azimuthal-angle and associate-${p}_{t}$ dependence could also be qualitatively understood.
Intravenous cocaine: Psychiatric effects, biological mechanisms

Abstract Volunteer addicts were administered iv loading doses of cocaine, followed by 4-hr cocaine infusions that maintained steady-state conditions. The loading doses were followed by the “rush” and “high” subjective effects that users typically experience; cocaine infusions maintained the experience of drug “high,” but not “rush.” In a subsequent experiment, haloperidol pretreatment did not alter cocaine “rush” but partially attenuated cocaine “high.” During cocaine infusions, we also noted suspicious and paranoid behavior, which were blindly rated by nurses. During one of the infusion conditions, the degree of suspiciousness observed was related to the amount of cocaine previously administered. Although cardiovascular responses to cocaine were marked, we found no alterations in plasma catecholamines following cocaine administrations. Baseline homovanillic acid (HVA) levels, however, were related to the degree of suspiciousness observed following cocaine dosing. The potential contributions of dopaminergic systems and physiological sensitization to the development of the psychiatric toxicity of cocaine are discussed. faRecipient of 1987 A.E. Bennelt Award in Clinical Science.
Karl May, the Wild West as seen in Germany

Les recits de voyage de Karl May, datant des annees 1880, constituent des sources principales d'information sur le sud ouest americain pour les Europeens germanophones. Grâce a ses recits, comme celui de « Winnetou », la perception des Indiens d'Amerique du Nord, de leurs modes de vie, de leurs traditions, fait desormais partie de l'acquis culturel des lecteurs de Karl May, car les recits de voyage sont des temoignages, orientes dans leur perception par la culture dont est issu le voyageur. L'analyse de 20 romans sur les Etats-Unis devoile des structures de type manicheen, des stereotypes, des intrigues chauvines et une realite exotique
Real-time precision refractometry: new approaches

We introduce two new approaches for near-real-time, high-precision tracking of the refractive index of the ambient atmosphere. The methods can be realized at low cost and are expected to have important practical application in those accurate dimensional metrology applications employing interferometry in air. A valuable potential application is the control of step-and-repeat mask positioning for integrated circuit production in which temporal stability time scales over days can be crucial. Extension of the methods to absolute index measurement is discussed.
“Is it Really Worth it to Get Tested?”: Primary Care Patients’ Impressions of Predictive SNP Testing for Colon Cancer

Despite significant progress in genomics research over the past decade, we remain years away from the integration of genomics into routine clinical care. As an initial step toward the implementation of genomic-based medicine, we explored primary care patients’ ideas about genomic testing for common complex diseases to help develop future patient education materials and interventions to communicate genomic risk information. We conducted a mixed-methods study with participants from a large primary care clinic. Within four focus groups, we used a semi-structured discussion guide and administered brief pre- and post- discussion quantitative surveys to assess participants’ interest, attitudes, and preferences related to testing and receipt of test results. Prior to the discussion, moderators presented a plain-language explanation of DNA and genetics, defined “SNP”, and highlighted what is known and unknown about the risks associated with testing for SNPs related to colorectal cancer risk. We used the NVIVO 8 software package to analyze the transcripts from the focus group discussions. The majority of participants (75 %) were “very” or “somewhat interested” in receiving information from a colon cancer SNP test, even after learning about and discussing the small and still clinically uncertain change in risk conferred by SNPs. Reported interest in testing was related to degree of risk conferred, personal risk factors, family history, possible implications for managing health /disease prevention and curiosity about genetic results. Most people (85 %) preferred that genetic information be delivered in person by a healthcare or genetics professional rather than through print materials or a computer. These findings suggest that patients may look to genetic counselors, physicians or other healthcare professionals as gatekeepers of predictive genomic risk information.
Light deprivation and sensory reinforced behavior in chicks.

Kish ( 1966) has suggested that sensory reinforced behavior of an organism will be enhanced by deprivation of those stimuli. The present study investigated the function of hours of light deprivation with light onset as a sensory reinforcing stimulus by using cockerel chicks as experimental animals and the disruption of a photoelectric beam as the operant. Ss were 120 white leghorn cockerel chicks obtained from a local hatchery. They were housed individually in 10X 10X 10-cm brooder boxes and were tested in an experimental chamber, which has been previously described (Eacker & Meyer, 1967), when the chicks were between 24 and 36 hr. old. The birds were randomly assigned to 0, 2,4 , 8, 12, or 24 hr. of light deprivation with equal numbers assigned to each group. Ac the end of the deprivation period S was tested for one 1-hr. session. The analysis of variance for the response data yielded a significant deprivation effect (P < .05 ). From s~lbsequenc analyses only the 24-hr. deprivation group differed significantly (P < .05) from all other groups. However, the rank order of the various group means was a positive function of the hours of light deprivation. Similarly, analyses of the reinforcement or actual number of light onsets resulted in a significant difference ( P < .05 ) and from subsequent analyses the 24-hr. condition differed from all other conditions. These findings essentially parallel those of the response analysis. In general, these findings are supportive of previous data as summarized by Kish for more visually oriented organisms. It is suggestive that light onset as a sensory reinforcer will vary under the antecedent operation of lighc deprivation.
Light Scattering Spectroscopy of Orthoterphenyl --Idealized and Extended Mode Coupling Analysis-

Depolarized light scattering spectra of orthoterphenyl were analyzed with both the ide­ alized and extended versions of mode coupling theory. The idealized MCT analysis gave ..\ = 0.72 (a= 0.318) and Tc "'290 K, in agreement with previous neutron and light scat­ tering results. The extended MCT analysis gave ,\ = 0.76 (a = 0.30) and Tc "' 276 K, 14 K lower than the idealized result. For the ten spectra at T 2': 320 K where a-peaks were observed, direct KWW fits gave f3K ""0.78 with a slight trend of decreasing f3K with increasing temperature. Fits to Ta(T) gave Tc "'274 K, close to the extended MCT result. Finally, in an effort to resolve the ambiguity in a-peak fits due to overlap of the a and (3 spectral regions, we performed a combined a- (3 fit to six spectra for T 2 320 K. The results suggest a temperature-independent f3K = 0.79.
Automorphic Forms with Anisotropic Periods on a Unitary Group

Let G be an algebraic group over a global field F with ring of adeles, denote by Z the center of G and by C an algebraic subgroup of G over F such that the cycle CF\C  has finite volume. Fix unitary characters ωx Z /ZF → 1 = unit circle in × and ξx CF\C  → 1, and denote by φx GF\G  → a cusp form in the cuspidal representation π of G , whose central character is ωπ = ω. By a cuspidal representation we mean an irreducible one. We say that π is C -cyclic if it has a nonzero C -period PC φ = ∫ CF\C φcξcdc. The overbar indicates complex conjugation. Studies of cyclic automorphic forms have applications to special values of L-functions (Waldspurger [W1, W2], Jacquet [J1, J2]), lifting problems [F], and studies of cohomology of symmetric spaces, in particular the Tate conjecture on algebraic cycles on some Shimura surfaces [FH]. The purpose of this paper—inspired by the applications to the Tate conjecture of [FH]—is to compare the notion of cyclicity by C , with cyclicity by an inner form of C . We let G be the quasi-split unitary group U2; 1 = U2; 1yE/F in three variables defined by means of a quadratic separable extension E/F of global fields. The subgroup C is taken to be the
Chronic venous insufficiency in persons with a history of injection drug use.

Persons with a history of injection drug use have many risk factors for the development of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), yet this phenomenon has not been studied systematically in this population. Persons (N = 204) with a history of injection drug use who were in enrolled in a treatment center were examined for clinical manifestations of CVI. The CVI clinical classification was graded on a 7-point scale for each leg. Most participants (n = 179, 87.7%) exhibited clinical evidence of CVI. Significant predictors of CVI clinical manifestations were leg infections/cellulitis (rho =.53); years injection in the veins of the groin, legs, and feet (rho =.47); deep vein thrombosis (rho =.37); and total years injection heroin (rho =.27). There was a linear functional relationship between years of injection drug use and the CVI clinical classification, but only when the injections were in the veins of the groin, legs, or feet; otherwise, the specific mechanisms of this relationship were not evident. The findings indicate that CVI is a common occurrence in persons who have injected drugs.
College students' drinking problems: 1982-1985.

The drinking problems of 4,266 students at 72 colleges in 1984–1985 were compared to the drinking problems of 4,885 students at the same colleges in 1982–1983. The data suggest little change in drinking problems over time, except for a decrease in driving after drinking and while driving.
Toxicity, Risk Assessment and Regulatory Aspects of Mycotoxins: Introduction

The ultimate result of scientific research regarding a food contaminant is a determination of the need to regulate the level of that contaminant in the food supply, and if the need exists, to determine a scientifically appropriate level at which to regulate. Suitable regulatory actions are necessarily based on sound science. Sound science in this case consists of properly designed safety assessments using appropriate models based on reliable and adequate toxicity studies and inputting sufficiently accurate data with regard to rates of contaminant occurrence and level of contamination when it occurs. Adequate toxicity studies in turn depend upon appropriate study design and relevant biological endpoints. Accurate data depends upon appropriate sampling plans and suitable analytical technology to determine the presence or absence of a contaminant and the level present in the food supply when the contaminant is found. Processing will often reduce the exposure level to mycotoxins in the food supply and this effect must be taken into account when considering regulatory action.
Daily Aspirin Use and Cancer Mortality in a Large US Cohort

Methods We examined the association between daily aspirin use and overall cancer mortality among 100 139 men and women with no history of cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Between 1997 and 2008, 5138 participants died from cancer. Compared with no use, daily aspirin use at baseline was associated with slightly lower cancer mortality, regardless of duration of daily use (for <5 years of use, RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85 to 1.01; for ≥5 years of use, RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.83 to 1.02). Associations were slightly stronger in analyses that used updated aspirin information from periodic follow-up questionnaires and included 3373 cancer deaths (for <5 years of use, RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.76 to 0.94; for ≥5 years of use, RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.95). Conclusion These results are consistent with an association between recent daily aspirin use and modestly lower cancer mortality but suggest that any reduction in cancer mortality may be smaller than that observed with long-term aspirin use in the pooled trial analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012;104:1208–1217
Isoform-Specific Dephosphorylation of Dynamin1 by Calcineurin Couples Neurotrophin Receptor Endocytosis to Axonal Growth

Endocytic events are critical for neuronal survival in response to target-derived neurotrophic cues, but whether local axon growth is mediated by endocytosis-dependent signaling mechanisms remains unclear. Here, we report that Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) promotes endocytosis of its TrkA receptors and axon growth by calcineurin-mediated dephosphorylation of the endocytic GTPase dynamin1. Conditional deletion of calcineurin in sympathetic neurons disrupts NGF-dependent innervation of peripheral target tissues. Calcineurin signaling is required locally in sympathetic axons to support NGF-mediated growth in a manner independent of transcription. We show that calcineurin associates with dynamin1 via a PxIxIT interaction motif found only in specific dynamin1 splice variants. PxIxIT-containing dynamin1 isoforms colocalize with surface TrkA receptors, and their phosphoregulation is selectively required for NGF-dependent TrkA internalization and axon growth in sympathetic neurons. Thus, NGF-dependent phosphoregulation of dynamin1 is a critical event coordinating neurotrophin receptor endocytosis and axonal growth.
Inverted Strip Dielectric Waveguide for Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits

A new type of dielectric waveguide, which has a number of advantages over other previously available waveguide structures for millimeter-wave integrated circuits, is described. Dispersion characteristics and the field distributions in the waveguide are calculated using the concept of effective dielectric constant. Field distributions have been measured in the 80-GHz range in order to check the accuracy of the analytical results. This measurement has been done using a novel experimental technique, which should also be applicable to many other millimeter-wave waveguides and components.
Adverse Drug Reactions in Veterinary Patients Associated with Drug Transporters

For many drugs used in veterinary practice, plasma and tissue concentrations are highly dependent on the activity of drug transporters. This article describes how functional changes in drug transporters, whether mediated by genetic variability or drug-drug interactions, affect drug disposition and, ultimately, drug safety and efficacy in veterinary patients. A greater understanding of species, breed, and individual (genetic) differences in drug transporter function, as well as drug-drug interactions involving drug transporters, will result in improved strategies for drug design and will enable veterinarians to incorporate individualized medicine in their practices.
Change point detection in the functional autoregressive process

In this chapter, we develop a change point test for the FAR(1) model introduced in Chapter 13. The importance of change point testing was discussed in Chapter 6. Failure to take change points into account leads to spurious inference. This chapter is based on the work of Horvath et al. (2010). Zhang et al. (2011) proposed a self–normalized statistic to solve the problem discussed in this chapter. Self–normalized statistics are discussed in Section 16.6.
The utility of the VCS clip for creation of vascular access for hemodialysis: long-term results and intraoperative benefits.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the VCS ® vascular clip approximating system for the creation of hemodialysis access fistulas. 173 new vascular accesses were created, 92 prosthetic grafts and 81 autologous fistulas over a 40-month period. 50 sutured and 42 clipped fistulas comprised the prosthetic graft series, and 33 sutured and 48 clipped cases the autologous series. Risk factors associated with access patency were correlated and the primary patencies compared in the suture versus clipped group. A significant improvement in primary patency was noted for the clipped prosthetic group at all time points studied, with a positive trend also noted for clipped autologous fistulae. Conclusions: The vascular clipping system (the VCS system) provides both long-term and immediate advantages for vascular access construction. Clips have been used successfully to treat seven consecutive patients with upper extremity arterial steal syndrome without the technical difficulties associated with traditional methods of repair.
Coarse-to-Fine Search Technique to Detect Circles in Images

The aim of this paper is to propose an efficient coarse-to-fine search technique to reduce the storage and computing time in detecting circles in an image. Variable-sized images and accumulator arrays are used to reduce the computing and storage requirements of the Hough transform. The accuracy and the rate of convergence of the parameters at different iterations of the algorithm are presented. The results demon-strate that the coarse-to-fine search strategy is very suitable for detecting circles in real-time environments having time constraints.
The Influence of Glycogen on the Tenderness of Broiler Meat

ABSTRACT ALL of the specific factors which influence the tenderness of chicken meat have not been determined and classified. Age is known to be one of these factors. Feeding practices and other environmental factors affecting the growing bird are also known to influence tenderness. However, great variations in tenderness exist among carcasses of animals of the same age and reared under the same conditions. The glycogen level of the tissues at the time of death may be one of the basic factors influencing tenderness. Several workers have demonstrated a relationship between the carbohydrate reserves and the carcass quality of beef cattle and swine. Bate-Smith (1948) in a review of the work of Madsen (1943 Madsen (1944) reported on the results of fasting, regular feeding and specialized feeding of various levels of sugar on the tenderness of meat from bacon type pigs. In comparing the fed and fasted animals, he found that the . . .
Oral health status and needs of homebound elderly in an urban home-based primary care service.

Objectives This study assessed the oral health status, dental utilization and dental needs of the homebound elderly (HBE) care patients within the Mount Sinai Visiting Doctor program. Methods Of the 334 eligible patients, 57% agreed to participate and 95.4% completed the clinical examinations, the Dental Utilization and Needs survey and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index conducted in each subject's home by a trained research team. Results Among 75% who were dentate subjects, 40% needed restorative dental care, 45.6% needed dental extractions, and 33% complained of current oral pain. Overall, 92.0% needed some type of dental care and 96% stated that they had not seen a dentist since they became homebound (mean number of years in program = 3.2 ± 2.58). Conclusion Findings show the oral health status of these homebound elderly was poor and their quality of life was significantly affected by the lack of basic dental care.
EPITHELIAL CELL RENEWAL IN CULTURED RECTAL BIOPSIES IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Epithelial cell proliferation and migration were studied in cultured mucosal biopsies of the rectum from 14 patients with ulcerative colitis (DC) and eight normal volunteers. More than twice as many epithelial cells in the proliferative zone of the rectal crypts were labeled in autoradiographs of DC biopsies cultured for 6 hr over thymidine-3H-containing medium than in normal biopsies. Moreover, after 18 hr of additional culture over isotope-free medium, many more labeled cells had migrated to the upper crypts and the absorptive surface in the DC biopsies than in the normal biopsies. Electron microscopy of the surface epithelium of uncultured and cultured biopsies showed that the cytological abnormalities seen in freshly fixed DC biopsies persisted after 24 hr of culture. These studies indicate that epithelial cell proliferation is increased and the migration is accelerated in the rectal mucosa in patients with UC.
Propagation and amplification of seismic waves in 2‐D valleys excited by obliquely incident P‐ and SV‐waves

The seismic motion in sediment-filled valleys due to incident SH-waves has been studied exhaustively. However, the response of such geologic structures to incident SV- and P-waves has not been studied as thoroughly. The response of a 2-D model of the valley of Caracas, Venezuela—a NS cross-section through the Palos Grandes district—to incident plane SV- and P-waves is investigated using the discrete wave number boundary element method. It is observed that the differences in the predictions of the 1-D and 2-D models are more pronounced for SV-waves than for SH-waves, especially when SV-waves are incident at (or near) the critical angle ic. The valley responds very strongly to the horizontally propagating P-wave (SP-wave) which is induced when SV-waves, incident at the critical angle, interact with the free surface of the half-space. However, the SP-wave, being a wave diffracted at a boundary, is likely to be sensitive to impedance contrasts, to the presence of other interfaces in the medium, and to the topography surrounding the valley. These aspects of the problem need further investigation.
Hydrogen cyanide polymerization: A preferred cosmochemical pathway

In the presence of a base such as ammonia, liquid HCN polymerizes spontaneously at room temperature to a brown-black solid from which a yellow-brown powder can be extracted by water and further hydrolyzed to yield a-amino acids. Two types of structural units appear to be present in these polymeric products, stable ladder polymers with conjugated -C=N- bonds, and polyamidines, readily converted by water to polypeptides.
Analogs of UK 14,304 as α2-adrenoceptor agonists. Twist and agent polarity as design elements.

Abstract Tetrahydroquinoxaline analogs of UK 14,304 were prepared. These agents proved to be highly polar, potent, and selective α 2 -adrenoceptor agonists. This study suggested that agents bearing a twist of the imidazoline ring relative to the quinoxaline nucleus prove more potent than planar analogs.
A Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis of the Mitotic Cell Cycle

cell cycle make it an attractive model for the study of genome-wide regulation of gene activity. Parallel identification of all of the genes in a genome that are coordinately regulated during such a process provides a conSummary sistent internal standard for comparison of gene activity over time and makes it possible to search statistically Progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle is known for candidate regulatory sequences. Although the cell to be both regulated and accompanied by periodic cycle‐dependent regulation of many individual genes fluctuation in the expression levels of numerous has been studied, comprehensive results for a genome genes. We report here the genome-wide characteriza- are likely to reveal novel functional and physical organition of mRNA transcript levels during the cell cycle of zation in coordinate gene regulation. These results also the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. Cell cycle‐dependent provide an opportunity to identify related genes in the periodicity was found for 416 of the 6220 monitored human genome that may be involved in cell cycle periodtranscripts. More than 25% of the 416 genes were specific roles. found directly adjacent to other genes in the genome One of the key mechanisms of gene regulation takes that displayed induction in the same cell cycle phase, place on the level of mRNA transcription. Availability of suggesting a mechanism for local chromosomal orga- complete sequence for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nization in global mRNA regulation. More than 60% of genome has made it possible to quantitate mRNA tranthe characterized genes that displayed mRNA fluctua- script levels for virtually every yeast gene (DeRisi et al., tion have already been implicated in cell cycle period- 1997; Wodicka et al., 1997). In this study, commercially specific biological roles. Because more than 20% of available high-density oligonucleotide arrays were used human proteins display significant homology to yeast to quantitate mRNA transcript levels in synchronized proteins, these results also link a range of human yeast cells at regular intervals during the cell cycle. DNA genes to cell cycle period-specific biological func- oligonucleotide probes are directly synthesized on these tions.
Eimeria dalli sp. n. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from Dall Sheep Ovis dalli

SYNOPSIS Eimeria dalli sp. n. is described from fecal samples collected from Dall sheep, Ovis dalli, from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. The oocysts are spherical or subspherical with mean dimensions of 43.7 × 37.4 μm. The outer oocyst wall is rough and irregular. No micropyle, micropylar cap or residuum was observed. Sporocysts were elongate ovoid with mean dimensions of 19.0 × 10.7 μm. Stieda bodies were not discernible.
Interspecific aggression and character displacement of competitor recognition in Hetaerina damselflies

In zones of sympatry between closely related species, species recognition errors in a competitive context can cause character displacement in agonistic signals and competitor recognition functions, just as species recognition errors in a mating context can cause character displacement in mating signals and mate recognition. These two processes are difficult to distinguish because the same traits can serve as both agonistic and mating signals. One solution is to test for sympatric shifts in recognition functions. We studied competitor recognition in Hetaerina damselflies by challenging territory holders with live tethered conspecific and heterospecific intruders. Heterospecific intruders elicited less aggression than conspecific intruders in species pairs with dissimilar wing coloration (H. occisa/H. titia, H. americana/H. titia) but not in species pairs with similar wing coloration (H. occisa/H. cruentata, H. americana/H. cruentata). Natural variation in the area of black wing pigmentation on H. titia intruders correlated negatively with heterospecific aggression. To directly examine the role of wing coloration, we blackened the wings of H. occisa or H. americana intruders and measured responses of conspecific territory holders. This treatment reduced territorial aggression at multiple sites where H. titia is present, but not at allopatric sites. These results provide strong evidence for agonistic character displacement.
Three-Ounce Water Swallow Challenge as a Screening Tool for Children With Suspected Oropharyngeal Dysphagia

Accurate assessment of children who are risk for oropharyngeal dysphagia is vitally important because unrecognized prandial aspiration can lead to a number of serious medical complications, includi...
Morphological changes in the T=3 capsid of Flock House virus during cell entry.

We report the identification and characterization of a viral intermediate formed during infection of Drosophila cells with the nodavirus Flock House virus (FHV). We observed that even at a very low multiplicity of infection, only 70% of the input virus stayed attached to or entered the cells, while the remaining 30% of the virus eluted from cells after initial binding. The eluted FHV particles did not rebind to Drosophila cells and, thus, could no longer initiate infection by the receptor-mediated entry pathway. FHV virus-like particles with the same capsid composition as native FHV but containing cellular RNA also exhibited formation of eluted particles when incubated with the cells. A maturation cleavage-defective mutant of FHV, however, did not. Compared to naive FHV particles, i.e., particles that had never been incubated with cells, eluted particles showed an acid-sensitive phenotype and morphological alterations. Furthermore, eluted particles had lost a fraction of the internally located capsid protein gamma. Based on these results, we hypothesize that FHV eluted particles represent an infection intermediate analogous to eluted particles observed for members of the family Picornaviridae.
Comparing Directionally Sensitive MCUSUM and MEWMA Procedures with Application to Biosurveillance

﻿The performance of two directionally sensitive multivariate methods not currently used for biosurveillance is compared. The analysis is based on simulations using synthetic biosurveillance data mimicking disease incidence and outbreaks. Multivariate CU..
Young Children's Vulnerability to Self‐Blame and Helplessness: Relationship to Beliefs about Goodness

Motivational helplessness, linked to conceptions of intelligence, has been well documented in older children. While some researchers have reported that children just starting school are motivationally invulnerable, others have found evidence of helplessness when these children encounter failure. The present study seeks to determine whether the reactions associated with helplessness can be identified in a new context, that of criticism, and whether any such responses are related to the child's conceptions of goodness. Subjects were 107 5- and 6-year-old children who enacted achievement situations in which teacher criticism was presented. The 39% of children whose own assessments were undermined by criticism exhibited the affect, task choices, and nonconstructive problem-solving strategies characteristic of helplessness. They were also more likely to make global negative self-judgments following criticism, including negative judgments of their goodness. Finally, these children were more likely to endorse stable and global beliefs about goodness.
PERINATAL COMPLICATIONS PREDICT VIOLENT OFFENDING

Pregnancy and birth complications are frequently treated as one variable, despite evidence that pregnancy events and birth events may have different impacts on the developing child. This paper studies the association between perinatal events and the development of violent and property crime. In the context of a prospective study of a sample of 216 subjects drawn from a Danish birth cohort, 15 violent criminals and 24 property criminals were compared with 177 nonoffenders on pregnancy and delivery events. Delivery events predicted adult violent offending, especially in high-risk subjects and recidivistically violent offenders. No other significant predictive results were found.
Hearing Dysfunction in Heterozygous MitfMi-wh/+ Mice, a Model for Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2 and Tietz Syndrome

The human deafness-pigmentation syndromes, Waardenburg syndrome (WS) type 2a, and Tietz syndrome are characterized by profound deafness but only partial cutaneous pigmentary abnormalities. Both syndromes are caused by mutations in MITF. To illuminate differences between cutaneous and otic melanocytes in these syndromes, their development and survival in heterozygous Microphthalmia-White (Mitf(Mi-wh) /+) mice were studied and hearing function of these mice characterized. Mitf(Mi-wh) /+ mice have a profound hearing deficit, characterized by elevated auditory brainstem response thresholds, reduced distortion product otoacoustic emissions, absent endocochlear potential, loss of outer hair cells, and stria vascularis abnormalities. Mitf(Mi-wh) /+ embryos have fewer melanoblasts during embryonic development than their wild-type littermates. Although cochlear melanocytes are present at birth, they disappear from the Mitf(Mi-wh) /+ cochlea between P1 and P7. These findings may provide insight into the mechanism of melanocyte and hearing loss in human deafness-pigmentation syndromes such as WS and Tietz syndrome and illustrate differences between otic and follicular melanocytes.
Validity and Reliability of GraphClick and DataThief III for Data Extraction

Researchers frequently rely on meta-analyses of prior research studies to efficiently evaluate a broad spectrum of results on a particular topic. In the realm of single-subject experimental designs (SSEDs), meta-analyses have a particular cachet: retaining the rigor of single-subject designs with the added robustness of replication to more fully determine the strength of a given approach or intervention. Until recently, researchers wishing to undertake meta-analytic research themselves have had limited options for synthesizing the intervention effects of a collection of studies. Researchers consistently use two software programs, DataThief III and GraphClick, to conduct meta-analytic work using SSEDs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the validity and reliability of the results yielded by each of these programs when evaluating the results of multiple research studies on the Good Behavior Game, a classroom-based intervention that has been in practice since 1969. Study findings suggest t...
Invest In The Success Of Online Programs At The University? Mentor Professors

The Distance Education Mentoring Program (DEMP) is a unique program designed to assist faculty with developing and teaching quality online courses. This paper describes a survey assessment of the 92 faculty members who completed the program over the last four years and looks at preliminary data determining the program’s success.
Counseling Older Workers Confronting Ageist Stereotypes and Discrimination

As people live longer and work longer, the prevalence of older adults in the workforce has increased. Ever greater numbers of these workers face an economic recession that has exacerbated financial stress and sharply raised the unemployment rate (Butler 2008; Sok 2010; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2008).