cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gait Characteristics in Youth With Transverse Myelitis.

Background Transverse myelitis (TM) in childhood is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of spinal cord inflammation. Gait difficulty in children with TM is common; however, there is a paucity of literature regarding quantitative assessment of gait in children and adolescents with TM. Objectives To characterize gait patterns in a cohort of ambulatory children with TM and age-matched, typically developing peers in order to better understand the functional mobility of patients diagnosed with childhood TM. Methods This was a retrospective study of 26 ambulatory pediatric patients with a confirmed diagnosis of TM who had undergone three-dimensional, instrumented gait analysis (3D-IGA) at 3 years of age or older. A group of 38 typically developing children served as a control group. Results Gait in children with TM was characterized by moderate kinematic deviations as measured by the Gait Deviation Index (GDI) and a crouched gait pattern (p < .001), increased anterior pelvic tilt (p < .001), decreased motion at the knees (p < .001), and a wider base of support (foot progression angle, p < .001). The TM group had a slower walking speed (p < .001), shorter strides (p < .001), and an increased stance phase compared to controls. Conclusion Our study results showed moderate kinematic deviations quantified by the GDI. Overall, the gait pattern in the TM population tested had greater hip and knee flexion with wider foot progression angle. Identification of gait characteristics in children with TM is the first step in predicting changes in gait pattern as they mature over time, which may ultimately allow for targeted intervention to maintain their ambulatory function.
Regional Anesthesia Reduces Inpatient and Outpatient Perioperative Opioid Demand in Peri-articular Elbow Surgery

INTRODUCTION Regional anesthesia (RA) can be used to manage perioperative pain in treatment of peri-articular elbow fracture fixation. However, the opioid-sparing benefit is not well-characterized. The hypothesis of this study was that RA had reduced inpatient opioid consumption and outpatient opioid demand in patients that had undergone peri-articular elbow fracture surgery. METHODS This study retrospectively reviews inpatient opioid consumption and outpatient opioid demand in all patients ages 18 and older at a single, Level I trauma center undergoing fixation of peri-articular elbow (distal humerus and proximal forearm) fracture surgery (n=418 patients). In addition to RA vs no RA, additional patient and operative characteristics were recorded. Unadjusted and adjusted models were constructed to evaluate the impact of RA and other factors on inpatient opioid consumption and outpatient opioid demand. RESULTS Adjusted models demonstrated decreases in inpatient opioid consumption in patients with RA (13.7 estimated oxycodone 5-mg equivalents or OE’s without RA vs 10.4 OE’s with RA from 0-24 hours postop, p=0.003; 12.3 vs 9.2 OE’s from 24-48 hours postop, p=0.045) postop. Estimated cumulative outpatient opioid demand differed significantly in patients with RA (166.1 vs 132.1 OE’s to 6-weeks, p=0.002; and 181 vs 138.6 OE’s to 90-days, p DISCUSSION In proximal forearm and distal humerus fracture surgery, RA was associated with decreased inpatient and outpatient opioid demand after adjusting for baseline patient and treatment characteristics. These results encourage utilization of perioperative RA to reduce opioid utilization.
Chapter 9. Antihypertensive Agents

Publisher Summary Calcium antagonists are being increasingly studied in hypertension and nifedipine effectively lowers blood pressure in man producing only a small increase in heart rate on chronic therapy. Unlike other vasodilators, there is little change in PRA or fluid retention, suggesting an additional renal action. Modification of both the ester function and nitro-group in this dihydropyridine series has a marked effect on vasodilator activity. Treatment of patients with a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >= 100 mm Hg reduces the incidence of stroke, while the hypertension detection and follow-up program indicates that effective management of milder hypertension (DBP 90–104 mm Hg.) reduces mortality. A review of captopril in the treatment of hypertension has been published. Attainment of blood pressure control varies widely (35%-90%), and development of tolerance has been described in a small group of patients. The combination of captopril and thiazide seems particularly useful as captopril represses the rise in AII and aldosterone levels, as well as the hypokalemia induced by the diuretic. Although clonidine is reported to reduce renovascular resistance chronically, a reduction in renal blood flow, associated with an increase in plasma renin concentration, has been noted in some patients. In a multicentre comparison, guanabenz, in contrast to a-methyldopa, did not cause fluid retention.
Reducing Anger‐Related Offending

Violence imposes a major burden on the well-being of populations, and as we seek to attenuate violence, that ambition naturally reaches for anger control. Violence is a public health problem for which the international scope is clear, as reflected in reports by the World Health Organization (Krug et ai., 2002) and by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2006). A national population study in the United Kingdom (Coid et ai., 2006) involving 8397 households found that 12% affirm violent behaviour in the previous five years . In addition to the human tragic consequences of violence, there is also the financial burden . A US CDC study that examined violence as a public health problem (Corso et aI., 2007) reported that the costs associated with non-fatal injuries and deaths due to violence in the year 2000 were more than $70 billion. More broadly, the implicit costs of violent crime in the United States, in terms of value of lost life and value of injuries, were estimated by Anderson (1999) to be over $574 billion annually, and that is separate from his calculations of crime-induced production costs (e .g., police, corrections, security systems), opportunity costs (lost production) and economic transfers. Soares (2006) estimated the welfare cost of violence across 73 countries and put the yearly costs in the United States at 2.9% of GDP (for comparison, it was 5 .7% for Latin Anlerica). To take another perspective, for UK National Health Service staff, the National Audit Office (2003) estimate of the direct cost of violence was £69 million or more per year, not counting costs associated with psychological distress, staff morale or staff retention . While anger is neither necessary nor sufficient for violence, we know intuitively and empirically that violent behaviour is often activated by anger (Novaco, 2011). Social gatekeepers prudently look for ways of reducing violence risk, and anger management programmes have proliferated . The societal call for anger control fits with a quotidian conflict resolution agenda and broadly based quests for interpersonal harmony, including the Nobel Peace
Advanced Technology for Future Regional Transport Aircraft

In connection with a request for a report coming from a U.S. Senate committee, NASA formed a Small Transport Aircraft Technology (STAT) team in 1978. STAT was to obtain information concerning the technical improvements in commuter aircraft that would likely increase their public acceptance. Another area of study was related to questions regarding the help which could be provided by NASA's aeronautical research and development program to commuter aircraft manufacturers with respect to the solution of technical problems. Attention is given to commuter airline growth, current commuter/region aircraft and new aircraft in development, prospects for advanced technology commuter/regional transports, and potential benefits of advanced technology. A list is provided of a number of particular advances appropriate to small transport aircraft, taking into account small gas turbine engine component technology, propeller technology, three-dimensional wing-design technology, airframe aerodynamics/propulsion integration, and composite structure materials.
MISCIBILITY OF SOME POLYCARBONATES WITH POLYVINYL CHLORIDE AND CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE

The phase behavior of several polycarbonate homopolymers and copolymers blended with PVC and chlorinated PVCs (CPVCs) has been investigated. Tetrachlorobisphenol-A polycarbonate (TCPC) is miscible in all proportions with PVC and CPVCs containing up to70.2 wt% chlorine. CPVCs having chlorine contents greater than 70.2% (by weight) are immiscible with TCPC. Tetrabromobisphenol-A polycarbonate (TBPC) exhibits phase mixing with PVC and CPVCs; however, the high Tg of this polycarbonate (260°C) prevents adequate investigation of equilibrium phase behavior. Bisphenol-A polycarbonate (BPC), tetramethylbisphenol-A polycarbonate (TMPC), and hexafluorobisphenol-A polycarbonate (HFPC) form two-phase mixtures with the vinyl polymers. Microstructural differences in the CPVCs due to chlorination method (solution chlorination vs. slurry chlorination) have no effect on the miscibility results. Miscibility was observed in several copolycarbonate/CPVC blends and was found to be dependent on copolymer composition. Using a binary interaction, mean-field theory, segmental interaction parameters were estimated for repeat unit interactions. Based on the estimated interaction parameters, miscibility in these blends is primarily the result of intramolecular repulsive effects, rather than strong intermolecular attractive forces.
The biology of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) comprises between 4% and 15% of newly diagnosed pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients. AMKL in children with Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by a founding GATA1 mutation that cooperates with trisomy 21, followed by the acquisition of additional somatic mutations. In contrast, non–DS-AMKL is characterized by chimeric oncogenes consisting of genes known to play a role in normal hematopoiesis. CBFA2T3-GLIS2 is the most frequent chimeric oncogene identified to date in this subset of patients and confers a poor prognosis.
Inconclusive evidence to suggest that alcohol-containing mouthwash increases the risk of oropharyngeal cancer

Original Article Cole P, Rodu B, Mathisen A. Alcohol-containing mouthwash and oropharyngeal cancer. A review of the epidemiology. J Am Dent Assoc 2002;133:303-09. Level of Evidence 3a Purpose To examine the epidemiological literature that evaluates the association between alcohol-containing mouthwash and oropharyngeal cancer. Source of Funding Industry. Funded by a grant from Warner Lambert Company, Morris Plains, NJ, a Pfizer company. Type of Study/Design Overview of case-control studies
Role of Positive and Negative Cues in the Discrimination Learning of Mental Defectives

This smdy inquires into the role of the positive and negative cues in the visual discrimination learning of a group of mentally deficient children. If the formation of a simultaneous, two-choice visual discrimination is o chronological age: mean 12, range 9-2 to 17; IQ (Stanford-Binet, 1916 revision): mean 44, range 20 to 64. There were 8 females and 10 males. An unbiased selection was made of the lowest mental age group attending school who were able to meet a performance criterion of successful pattern discrimination within 100 trials. Enumeration of Ss in the various diagnostic categories yielded 5 familial, 1 mongolian, 2 epileptic, and 9 cerebral-palsied or other brain-damaged.
Plasma Steroid Levels and Ovariectomy-Induced Placental Hypertrophy in Rats

Placental weight in rats varied inversely with litter size and the level of plasma 17β-estradiol. Administration of estrogen to intact, pregnant “low litter” animals prevented placental hypertrophy only when normal plasma estradiol levels were doubled. In “normal litter” animals estrogen administration had no effect on placental weight in spite of significant increases in plasma estradiol, and progesterone administration also had no effect. Pregnant rats responded to ovariectomy with marked placental hypertrophy when pregnancy was sustained by progesterone substitution therapy; however, above that required to maintain pregnancy the dose of progesterone did not affect the degree of placental response. On the other hand, normal plasma estradiol levels reduced the placental hypertrophic response of ovariectomized animals, and suppression of the response occurred when estradiol levels were doubled. The reduction in plasma progesterone evident in normal pregnant animals between days 19 and 21 also occurred in ...
Planning for Hurricane Isaac using Probability Theory in a Linear Programming Model

The author demonstrated how linear programming (LP) models with embedded probability theory were applied for disaster planning to mitigate the damages of hurricane Isaac. The purpose of the article was to raise awareness of software-based disaster planning methods, and to demonstrate how uncertainty can be quantified as risk estimates to substitute for and then added as constraints in LP models. Several LP approaches and alternatives were reviewed from the literature. Three LP problem-solving techniques were demonstrated: graphing, algebraic systems of linear equations, and using spreadsheet software. Two disaster planning LP models were solved based on the Federal Emergency Management Agency case study of hurricane Isaac in 2012. The case study focused on allocating emergency supplies to strategic Point of Distribution locations. A unique feature of the article was showing how uncertainty could be quantified as risk by calculating the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for airboat trips based on historical data from hurricane Katrina. Several insights of LP model formulation were given to assist others.
Metabolism of benzo [a] pyrene by guinea pig adrenal and hepatic microsomes.

Abstract Studies were carried out to compare the metabolism of benzo[ a ]pyrene (BP) by adrenal and hepatic microsomes obtained from adult male guinea pigs. Adrenal microsomes produced fluorescent metabolites (primarily phenols) approximately three to four times more rapidly than hepatic microsomes, but the differences in the rates were considerably smaller when total BP metabolism was assessed using an isotopic assay. The apparent discrepancy between the two assays is attributable to differences in the profiles of BP metabolites produced by adrenal and liver. Separation of metabolites by high pressure liquid chromatography revealed that adrenal microsomes converted BP to primarily a phenolic metabolite with a retention time identical to that of 3-hydroxy-BP. Liver microsomes, by contrast, produced approximately equal amounts of compounds co-chromatographing with 3-hydroxy-BP and BP-4,5-dihydrodiol. Small amounts of other metabolites were also produced by adrenal and hepatic microsomes. Liver microsomes catalyzed the conversion of BP to metabolites that became covalently bound to exogenous DNA. The amount of binding was dependent upon the duration of incubation and concentration of microsomal protein. Adrenal microsomes, by contrast, did not promote BP binding to DNA. Inhibition of microsomal epoxide hydratase activity with trichloropropene oxide (TCPO) blocked the formation of dihydrodiol metabolites of BP by adrenal and liver microsomes. In the presence of TCPO, liver microsomes produced large amounts of a BP metabolite co-chromatographing with BP-4,5-oxide. TCPO also increased the rate of production of DNA-binding roetabolites by liver microsomes but had no effect on the formation of DNA-binding metabolites by adrenal microsomes. The results demonstrate major differences in the pathways of BP metabolism by guinea pig adrenal and hepatic microsomes. Although adrenal microsomes metabolize BP more rapidly than hepatic microsomes, far greater amounts of reactive metabolites are produced by the liver. Thus, adrenal metabolism of BP may be of little toxicological significance.
Erratum: Cluster formation in two-dimensional random walks: Application to photolysis of silver halides

As a model for the growth of silver aggregates on the surface of silver halide crystallites, we have studied the following problem: Independent ions perform random walks on a closed two-dimensional lattice containing, initially, one trap; when a walker reaches a site adjacent to a trap, that site itself becomes a trap. Several simplifications are necessary and justifiable to enable us to use standard random-walk theory: they include replacing the actual crystallite surface by a toroidal one, averaging over all starting points at an early stage, and replacing the irregularly growing cluster by a simply shaped one. Upper and lower limits on the rate of cluster growth are obtained, and results are fitted to experimental observations.
Salvage peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using Cobe Revolution(®) centrifugal pump as a bridge to decision for acute refractory cardiogenic shock.

Objectives: Acute refractory cardiogenic shock with early multisystem organ failure has a poor outcome without mechanical circulatory support. We review our experience with emergent peripheral cardiopulmonary support as a bridge to decision in these patients. Methods: A retrospective review from January 2009 through December 2010 was conducted of 26 consecutive adult patients at a single institution with acute refractory cardiogenic shock who underwent salvage peripheral cardiopulmonary support. Results: There were 18 men and 8 women with a mean age of 54 years (range 18 to 76). Indications for support: acute myocardial infarction (n = 16), decompensated chronic heart failure (n = 2), refractory arrhythmic arrest (n = 3), acute valvular pathology (n = 4), and unknown (n = 1). Patients with primary postcardiotomy shock were excluded. Median duration of support was 3 days (range 1 to 14). Decisions included: withdraw of support (n = 4), recovery (n = 5), and bridge to a procedure (n = 17). The procedures were percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 4), left ventricular assist device (n = 9), heart transplantation (n = 1), and miscellaneous cardiac surgery (n = 3). Overall survival to discharge was 65%. In the recovery and bridge to a procedure group, 78% were discharged from the hospital and survival at three months was 72%. Conclusions: Salvage peripheral cardiopulmonary support is a useful tool to rapidly stabilize acute refractory cardiogenic shock permitting an assessment of neurologic and end-organ viability. (J Card Surg 2012;27:521-527)
European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Development, Larval Survival, and Adult Vigor on Meridic Diets Containing Marker Dyes

Ostrinia nubilalis (Huubner) were reared on meridic diets containing Sudan red, Sudan blue, and no dye. Two rearing procedures were used: (1) larvae were fed treatment diets throughout development, and (2) larvae were transferred at the 4th instar from diet without dye to treatment diets. Development, larval survival, and adult vigor were evaluated. Both dyes permanently marked larvae, pupae, and adults. Dyed diets and larval transfer each significantly delayed development and reduced survival. Larval transfer also reduced pupal fresh and dry weights. Responses to Sudan red and Sudan blue dyes did not differ significantly. Treatments failed to significantly reduce adult longevity or duration of tethered flight. Direct deleterious effects of the transfer method and failure of the transfer to reduce dye effects indicated that larval transfer was unacceptable for use with internal marking procedures. Both dyes seem acceptable for marking O. nubilalis ; however, rearing procedures must compensate for reduced survival and protracted development.
Hormonal Factors Influencing Ovarian Uptake of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

The ovarian uptake of tritiated human chorionic gonadotropin (3H—hCG) in hypophysectomized rats was investigated and correlated with ovarian morphology after treatment with various combinations of gonadal and gonadotropic hormones. Neither estrogen nor progesterone enhanced 3H—hCG uptake. Both hCG and FSH doubled 3H—hCG uptake. Maximum stimulation of 3H—hCG uptake was seen, however, only when corpus luteum formation followed administration of either hCG and FSH given together or PMSG given alone. (Endocrinology 92: 1565, 1973)
A new species and two new records of Cirratulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Guam, Mariana Islands

Polychaetes from the Mariana Islands of Guam and Saipan have been characterized in previous studies but a thorough taxonomic study of the cirratulids has only been possible recently. Here we report on two new records, Caulleriella pacifica and Chaetozone flagellifera, and a new species, Monticellina lueldredgei, sp. nov. The species C. pacifica is newly recorded for the western Pacific while C. flagellifera is reported for the first time since its original description. The new species M. lueldredgei is unique in the genus with respect to the ultrastructure and segmental origin of the modified capillaries as well as for the distinctive methyl green staining pattern.
MANGROVE SWAMPS OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF COLOMBIA

(1956). MANGROVE SWAMPS OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF COLOMBIA. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 98-121.
Estimation of Rain and Hail Rates in Mixed-Phase Precipitation

Abstract Precipitation comprising rain and hail is studied. Specifically, techniques to identify and quantify such precipitation in terms of rain and hail fall rates using dual polarized radar data, are presented. Included for consideration are ZH, the reflectivity factor for horizontal polarization, ZDR, the differential reflectivity, and KDP, the differential propagation constant. A variety of simple models of mixed-phase precipitation are first examined. Electromagnetic scattering computations are performed to simulate and study the behavior of ZH, ZDR, and KDP. It is shown that it is possible to distinguish the mixed-phase precipitation from either rain or hail by using ZH, KDP pair and also to infer the thermodynamic phase and orientation from ZH, ZDR pair. On the basis of physical principles, it is shown that KDP senses primarily liquid water in the form of raindrops even when these are mixed with hailstones. The self-consistency Of ZH, ZDR, and KDP is then exploited to estimate both the rain and ha...
Occupational Exposure to Airborne Nanomaterials: An Assessment of Worker Exposure to Aerosolized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Semiconductor Wastewater Treatment.

This study characterized potential inhalation exposures of workers to nanometal oxides associated with industrial wastewater treatment processes in a semiconductor research and development facility. Exposure assessment methodology was designed to capture aerosolized engineered nanomaterials associated with the chemical mechanical planarization wafer polishing process that were accessible for worker contact via inhalation in the on-site wastewater treatment facility. The research team conducted air sampling using a combination of filter-based capture methods for particle identification and characterization and real-time direct-reading instruments for semi-quantitation of particle number concentration. Filter-based samples were analyzed using electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy while real-time particle counting data underwent statistical analysis. Sampling conducted over 14 months included 5 discrete sampling series events for 7 job tasks in coordination with on-site employees. The ...
The impact of child mortality on spacing by parity: A Cox-regression analysis

Child mortality may affect spacing through biological and behavioral channels. The death of a child may elicit a desire to have another one soon; further, it may interrupt breastfeeding and shorten the sterile period following childbirth. The hypothesis that the child mortality-spacing linkage varies across parities, being strongest in the middle parities, is examined using microdata from Malaysia and the Cox-regression technique. The empirical results lend support to the hypothesis.
Electrocardiograms from the chicken, emu, red-tailed hawk and Chilean tinamou

Abstract 1. 1. The three standard limb leads and back lead electrocardiograms were recorded from the anesthetized chicken, two emus, a red-tailed hawk and Chilean tinamou. 2. 2. The morphology of the components of the electrocardiograms were similar in the four avian species. The RS complex of ventricular activation did not differ between birds. Thus, we always observed a small R and large S wave. 3. 3. The P wave recorded from the back lead was biphasic in the chicken, red-tailed hawk, and one emu. and positive in the other emu and Chilean tinamou. 4. 4. Interestingly, while the heart of the emu is much larger than that of the chicken, the duration of ventricular activation was identical. 5. 5. The functional role of the specialized atrial and ventricular conduction in birds is discussed.
Fundamentals of multidimensional multirate digital signal processing

This paper reviews the fundamentals of multidimensional multirate signal processing. Central to these discussions is the idea of generalized sampling-lattice. Topics discussed include nonrectangular decimators, interpolators, generalized DFT, and filter banks. The multidimensional polyphase decomposition is developed, with applications in decimation filtering and perfect reconstruction filter banks.
An Analysis of Metropolitan Incidental Radio Noise Data

Multiple sets of incidental man-made radio noise data assembled from many sources are examined to determine their variation with frequency and distance. Separate treatments are provided for both average noise power and quasipeak noise field intensity data. The frequency and distance variations of average noise power are examined within the intervals 500 kHz to 1 GHz and 1 to 23 miles from an urban center. At several urban separation distances the frequency dependence of quasi-peak noise field intensity is presented for a large portion of the frequency interval between 15 kHz and 400 MHz.
Use of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Conductive Probe Scanning Force Microscopy (Cp-SFM)

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) mounted on commercial Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM) cantilevers have proven to be excellent probes for high resolution Tapping Mode-Scanning Force Microscopy (TM-SFM). Because of their robust nature and high electrical conductance, MWNTs are also attractive for use in Conductive Probe-Scanning Force Microscopy (CP-SFM). To be used in this application, however, the MWNT must be mounted via a high conductance contact to a conductive cantilever. A technique has been developed that produces such a contact. First, a MWNT is attached using acrylic adhesive to a commercial SFM cantilever that has been vacuum coated with gold. Then, a cap of gold is deposited over the junction between the MWNT and the SFM cantilever via spatially selective electro-deposition.
Association of abnormal preoperative laboratory values with survival after radical nephrectomy for clinically confined clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES To determine whether preoperative laboratory values are independently associated with death from clinically confined clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after radical nephrectomy. METHODS We identified 1707 patients with clinically confined (pNx/pN0, pM0), unilateral, sporadic clear cell RCC treated with radical nephrectomy between 1970 and 2002. Associations of abnormal preoperative laboratory values including hypercalcemia, anemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and elevated alkaline phosphatase with death from RCC were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models, both univariately and multivariately by adjusting for known prognostic features of the 2002 primary tumor classification, tumor size, nuclear grade, and coagulative tumor necrosis. RESULTS At last follow-up, 1009 patients had died, including 425 who died from RCC at a median of 3.0 years after surgery (range, 0 to 26 years). Even after adjusting for known prognostic features, 9% of patients with preoperative hypercalcemia exhibited significantly increased likelihood of dying from RCC compared with patients with normal or lower levels of serum calcium (relative ration [RR] 1.64; P = 0.002). Similarly, preoperative anemia (35% of patients; RR 1.27; P = 0.026) and elevated ESR (44% of patients; RR 1.66; P = 0.003) portended an increased risk of death from RCC even after multivariate adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal preoperative laboratory values including hypercalcemia, anemia, and elevated ESR are independently associated with increased risk of cancer-specific death from clinically confined clear cell RCC. Consideration of these variables in future models may improve prognostic accuracy. We believe these factors should be routinely assessed and included in prospective studies of outcome in RCC patients.
Laboratory investigations of impact‐generated plasma

The characteristics of plasma that was produced in laboratory by hypervelocity impacts were investigated to demonstrate the feasibility of generation of magnetic fields by meteoritic impacts and to explain the presence of paleomagnetic fields on the lunar surface. The impact-generated magnetic fields were found to exhibit spatial and temporal complexity that depended on the impact angle, the velocity, and the projectile/target composition. The results suggest that crater-related paleomagnetism associated with this mechanism should exhibit similar complexity with spatial wavelengths on the order of a fraction of the crater radius.
Pediatric palliative care for children with complex chronic medical conditions.

Children with complex chronic conditions and life-threatening conditions benefit from a dynamic pediatric palliative care team to adapt to the child and family’s evolving needs throughout their illness trajectory. Children with complex chronic conditions and life-threatening conditions have a subset of distressing symptoms, which can be managed through careful diagnosis and treatment. Ongoing dialogue with families of children with complex chronic conditions can prepare for anticipated forks in the road throughout the child’s disease trajectory. The spiritual and psychosocial care of children with complex chronic conditions and their families takes on special dimensions given the lifelong nature of the child’s life-threatening condition.
Evaluating Potential Test Components for a New Cognitive Screening Test: A Preliminary Study.

Four and five-year-old children, 22 with mild mental retardation and 27 with learning disabilities, were matched with normally achieving children of the same age, gender, and ethnicity. All were presented a battery of eight cognitive tasks being considered for inclusion in a new screening test. Five tasks were selected based on their high levels of classification accuracy. One of the selected tasks required the child to point to pictures in a systematic manner, one to find the odd or different picture, one to define a common word, one to generate items belonging to a specific category and one to verbalize differences among people. The results support the contention that a broad array of cognitive measures may enable more effective early identification of young children with mild learning problems.
Deformation and fracture of Ti- and Ti3Al-matrix composites

The damage and deformation mechanisms of fiber-reinforced titanium alloy-matrix composites are strongly dependent on the fiber strength, interfacial shear strength, matrix toughness (ductility), and external loading conditions. Damage mechanism diagrams for the fiber-reinforced titaniummatrix composites under different thermal and mechanical loading can be used as a guideline for developing microscopic and macroscopic fracture criteria, the design of new composite systems, and the selection of composite processing parameters.
Calcium, calcium channels, and calcium channel antagonists

Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels are an important pathway for Ca2+ influx in excitable cells. They also represent an important site of action for a therapeutic group of agents, the Ca2+ channel antagonists. These drugs enjoy considerable use in the cardiovascular area including angina, some arrhythmias, hypertension, and peripheral vascular disorders. The voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels exist in a number of subclasses characterized by electrophysiologic, permeation, and pharmacologic criteria. The Ca2+ channel antagonists, including verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem, serve to characterize the L channel class. This channel class has been characterized as a pharmacologic receptor, since it possesses specific drug-binding sites for both antagonists and activators and it is regulated by homologous and heterologous influences. The Ca2+ channels of both voltage- and ligand-regulated classes are likely to continue to be major research targets for new drug design and action.
Acetylcholine receptors in cutaneous biology – receptorology and therapeutic implications

Free cytotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is present in physiologically relevant concentrations in human skin, and ACh and cholinergic drugs alter vital functions of keratinocytes (KCs). KCs respond to ACh via classical ACh receptor types that use Ca2+ as a second messenger. The repertoire of cholinergic receptors changes with cell maturation, so that at each stage of their development, KCs respond to ACh via different combinations of nicotinic (nAChR) and muscarinic (mAChR) receptors. Basal KCs respond to ACh predominantly via α3β2(β4) ± α5 nAChRs and the M3 mAChR; prickle KCs have more α5-containing α3 nAChRs and also express α9 nAChR as well as M4 and M5 mAChRs; granular KCs posses mainly α7 nAChR and M1 mAChR. We used three independent approaches to elucidate role of each receptor in KC biology: 1) Subtype selective drugs, 2) Gene silencing with small interfering RNA or antisense oligonucleotides, and 3) Gene knockout in transgenic mice. Obtained results indicate that KC nAChRs and mAChR exhibit synergistic control of cell adhesion and crawling locomotion. KC cell-cell adhesion is regulated through α3 and α9 nAChRs as well as M3 mAChR. KC chemokinesis is controlled by α3 and α7 nAChRs and M3 and M4 mAChRs. KC chemotaxis toward nicotinic agonists is mediated by α7 nAChR. These findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms of ACh-mediated modulation of epidermalization and may aid the development of novel methods to promote wound healing and inhibit tumor metastasis.
Radiographic Evaluation of the Pediatric Trauma Patient and Ionizing Radiation Exposure

With the introduction of faster computerized tomography (CT), this radiographic modality has become widely used for the evaluation of the pediatric trauma patient. There is a substantially increased dose of ionizing radiation associated with CT compared to plain radiography. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the younger the patient at the time of exposure, the higher the radiation dose to the organs. Higher organ radiation doses have been linked with an increased cancer risk. The indiscriminate use of CT in the evaluation of the pediatric trauma patient is therefore associated with an increased risk for cancer in this population. This article's objective is to review the relative risks and benefits associated with this radiographic modality.
The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health, Gerald F. Combs, Jr. San Diego: Academic Press, 618 pp, 1998

This book provides a fresh look at the vitamins. Dr. Combs states in the preface to the first edition that he had written the book for his students, and the significant changes he has made in the s...
Rituximab for successful management of probable pediatric catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome.

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by small-vessel thrombi and a rapid onset of multiorgan system failure associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Current treatment options include anticoagulants, corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin, but these are not always effective. Rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, may help eliminate autoreactive B cells and thus limit the rapid inflammatory process involved in CAPS. We describe the use of rituximab in the successful initial management of a probable case of pediatric CAPS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:536–538. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Polarization and differential cross section for the reaction pp → π+d at 425 MeV☆

Abstract Differential cross sections and polarizations for the reaction pp → π+d have been measured at an incident polarized proton energy of 425 MeV (lab) over the range of meson angles 10 to 90 deg in the c.m. system. The final-state pion and deuteron were detected in coincidence in two sets of scintillation counter arrays and the data were analyzed by an on-line computer. The experimental data can be represented by the expressions d σ d Ω (θ) = 1 32 π (γ o + γ 2 cos 2 θ) , Λ(θ) = P(θ) sin θ d σ d Ω (θ) = 1 32 π (λ o + λ 2 cos 2 θ) , where σ o 32π = 0.036 ± 0.002 mb/sr , σ 2 32π = 0.206 ± 0.011 mb/sr , λ o 32π = −0.014 ± 0.001 mb/sr , λ 2 32π = 0.042 ± 0.006 mb/sr . The non-zero value of λ2 is evidence for the presence of d-wave mesons. The value 1.30 ± 0.06 mb is obtained for the total cross section.
Deep cavitands for anion recognition

The synthesis of deep cavitands 1 and 2 bearing dipyrrolylquinoxaline walls is presented. Spectroscopy showed that 1 and 2 complex inorganic anions such as F ? and CH3C(O)O ? in aprotic organic solvents. In addition, the cavity in 2 is capable of hosting neutral guest species—adamantane and cyclohexane derivatives, as well as N-Me quinuclidinium cations—with high kinetic stability of the complexes. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A toolkit for tinkering with tangibles & connecting communities

In this hands-on Studio, you'll explore Modkit, a new toolkit for creating tangible interfaces (e.g., bike handlebars with interactive lights and sounds). Modkit makes it possible for novices and experienced programmers/designers to bring tangibles to life by offering graphical command blocks inspired by the Scratch programming environment. Modkit tools work with the Arduino platform's library of code (such as C/C++) to enable users to participate in a community rich with project ideas and sample files. Modkit supports multiple representations of code - graphical command blocks can become editable text-based code to offer additional avenues for learning and sharing. The Studio welcomes members of the research, industrial, academic, maker, and I-just-want-to-have fun communities of all experience levels to participate. Participants will have opportunities to use Modkit in personally-meaningful ways. Participants who wish to extend Modkit tools with new functionality will have opportunities to do so. The organizers will conclude the Studio with a discussion around activities, example projects, and approaches to adapting the toolkit to different settings. Participants will contribute to brainstorming about potential uses, future directions, and collaborations.
Abnormal Placental Development and Early Embryonic Lethality in EpCAM-Null Mice

Background EpCAM (CD326) is encoded by the tacstd1 gene and expressed by a variety of normal and malignant epithelial cells and some leukocytes. Results of previous in vitro experiments suggested that EpCAM is an intercellular adhesion molecule. EpCAM has been extensively studied as a potential tumor marker and immunotherapy target, and more recent studies suggest that EpCAM expression may be characteristic of cancer stem cells. Methodology/Principal Findings To gain insights into EpCAM function in vivo, we generated EpCAM −/− mice utilizing an embryonic stem cell line with a tacstd1 allele that had been disrupted. Gene trapping resulted in a protein comprised of the N-terminus of EpCAM encoded by 2 exons of the tacstd1 gene fused in frame to βgeo. EpCAM +/− mice were viable and fertile and exhibited no obvious abnormalities. Examination of EpCAM +/− embryos revealed that βgeo was expressed in several epithelial structures including developing ears (otocysts), eyes, branchial arches, gut, apical ectodermal ridges, lungs, pancreas, hair follicles and others. All EpCAM −/− mice died in utero by E12.5, and were small, developmentally delayed, and displayed prominent placental abnormalities. In developing placentas, EpCAM was expressed throughout the labyrinthine layer and by spongiotrophoblasts as well. Placentas of EpCAM −/− embryos were compact, with thin labyrinthine layers lacking prominent vascularity. Parietal trophoblast giant cells were also dramatically reduced in EpCAM −/− placentas. Conclusion EpCAM was required for differentiation or survival of parietal trophoblast giant cells, normal development of the placental labyrinth and establishment of a competent maternal-fetal circulation. The findings in EpCAM-reporter mice suggest involvement of this molecule in development of vital organs including the gut, kidneys, pancreas, lungs, eyes, and limbs.
Risks, rewards and raising awareness: training a cyber workforce using student red teams

In this paper we discuss how a research-orientated student red-team provides free security assessments to organizations within the community. Such activities provide students with valuable skills and knowledge in dealing with real-world security issues. We present our approach to implementing such a team as a permanent fixture within our IT program's Cyber Security Research Lab and discuss the mutual benefits that such an offering presents.
It's interesting how few people die from smoking: Tobacco industry efforts to minimize risk and discredit health promotion

Background: It is well known that the tobacco industry has placed articles in scientific literature to maintain controversy over the dangers of tobacco use, while claiming that smokers are well-informed about risk. This study illuminates an industry attempt to directly undermine popular understanding of the hazards of smoking using an industry-created organization called Associates for Research in the Science of Enjoyment (ARISE). Methods: Searches of tobacco industry documents contained in the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, British American Tobacco Documents Library, and British Columbia's Tobacco Industry documents were performed as well as searches of the LexisNexis database for news articles on ARISE published between 1989 and 2005. Qualitative analysis focused on industry motives, media strategies, and rhetorical tactics; quantitative content analysis focused on media coverage. Results: Between 1989 and 2005, at least 846 articles appeared in the European, Australian, and US press mentioning ARISE, its members, or its activities. Many of these articles presented two themes: smoking was a healthful ‘pleasure’, and health promotion practices, including cessation, were stressful and unhealthy. Few articles included responses from health advocates, questioned ARISE's claims, or mentioned its funding. Conclusions: ARISE successfully planted stories in the press, designed to allay the health concerns of smokers and to discredit health promotion information and practices. ARISE's later interest in food suggests that counterfactual ‘health’ messages on almost any topic could be promoted similarly, regardless of their implausibility.
Distinguishing cellulitis from its mimics

Distinguishing true cellulitis from its many imitators is challenging but critical if we are to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics and delays in treatment. Common imitators of cellulitis are stasis dermatitis, lipodermatosclerosis, contact dermatitis, lymphedema, eosinophilic cellulitis, and papular urticaria. Specific criteria do not exist for the diagnosis of cellulitis, but the alert physician can find clues in the history and physical examination that point toward cellulitis.
Regulation, competition, and abnormal returns in the market for failed thrifts☆

Abstract This study investigates the returns to acquiring-firm stockholders in federally assisted mergers in the savings and loan industry. It is unique in that (a) these mergers are arranged and subsidized by government regulators and (b) they occur in a single industry, one plagued by well-publicized financial difficulties. The contribution of resources by the federal government creates the possibility of wealth transfers from the government to owners of the acquiring firms. We find, consistent with the oversubsidization hypothesis, that shareholders of acquiring firms earn significant positive returns.
NFkappaB inhibition and more: a side-by-side comparison of the inhibitors of IKK and proteasome.

(2009). NFκB inhibition and more: A side-by-side comparison of the inhibitors of IKK and proteasome. Cell Cycle: Vol. 8, No. 12, pp. 1818-1822.
EMOTIONS THAT BUILD NETWORKS: GEOGRAPHIES OF HUMAN RIGHTS MOVEMENTS IN ARGENTINA AND BEYOND

Social movement activists perform emotional labour that helps create and mobilise networks of collective action. The emotions of activism often contribute to social movements’ different organisational geographies. Two grassroots networks of human rights activists that originated in Argentina (the Madres de Plaza de Mayo and HIJOS) developed different emotional geographies over time. Both human rights movements were formed by relatives of victims of past human rights abuses and operated throughout Latin America and beyond. The movements incorporated activists and supporters who were linked by shared emotional bonds and by a common interpretation of the emotions of their activism. Activists in the two networks strategically deployed and framed the emotions of their activism in order to sustain it and to enhance possibilities for building broader networks of collective action. The comparison of these two human rights activist groups demonstrates that social movements’ organisational and geographic trajectories are often related to activists’ shared emotional connections and to the emotional labour that they perform through their networks.
Effects of selective reduction of nitric oxide on zeolite structure

Abstract The chemical changes that occurred in a Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst during the selective reduction of NO with i-C4H10 in the presence and absence of O2 were catalogued. In the presence of excess O2 complete conversion of the NO to N2 and the hydrocarbon to CO2 and H2O occurred and the Cu2+ concentration estimated from the integrated intensity of the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal was not significantly changed from its initial value. When the oxygen concentration was lowered below the point of stoichiometry, however, both of these conversions decreased modestly, but when O2 was eliminated from the feed both conversions fell precipitously and the acid catalyzed decomposition products of isobutane appeared in the products instead of CO2 and H2O. These changes were accompanied by corresponding changes in the EPR data. Lowering the O2 below the point of stoichiometry effected a loss of from 30% to 50% of the intensity of the Cu2+ signal. Eliminating O2 reduced the signal by several orders of magnitude. Remarkably, these reduced catalysts could be restored to their initial oxidation states by adding excess O2 into the feed stream, even when there was evidence that Cu0 was present. Dealumination accompanied selective reduction even in excess O2, particularly above 623 K. This was probably caused by steaming of the catalyst by the H2O produced in the reaction.
The sources of Schwinger's Green's functions

Julian Schwinger's development of his Green's functions methods in quantum field theory is placed in historical context. The relation of Schwinger's quantum action principle to Richard Feynman's path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics is reviewed. The nonperturbative character of Schwinger's approach is stressed as well as the ease with which it can be extended to finite temperature situations.