cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent in situ hybridization for monosomy 3 via 30-gauge fine-needle aspiration biopsy of choroidal melanoma in vivo.

Objective To report the feasibility of intraoperative transscleral fine-needle aspiration biopsy at plaque surgery to obtain cells for monosomy 3 analysis in patients with choroidal melanoma. Design Consecutive interventional case series. Participants Eighteen patients (18 eyes) with choroidal melanoma who had fine-needle aspiration biopsy performed with a 30-gauge needle at time of iodine 125 plaque placement. Intervention Cytology and cytogenetic analysis for monosomy 3 were obtained from biopsy specimens. Main Outcome Measures Cytology, cytogenetic analysis for monosomy 3, and complications and feasibility of transscleral fine-needle aspiration biopsy of choroidal melanoma in vivo. Results Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was diagnostic of choroidal melanoma in 14 of 18 cases and resulted in viable cell cultures for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in 9 cases. Fluorescent in situ hybridization for monosomy 3 was positive in 4 of the 9 cases. One patient had a mild vitreous hemorrhage. Tumors between 2 and 3 mm in height and those that yielded cells that did not attach in culture were most likely to have insufficient growth for FISH analysis. Conclusions Transscleral fine-needle aspiration biopsy and FISH for monosomy 3 may provide important prognostic information on patients who undergo plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma.
The use of normal mode calculations to interpret reflection absorption infrared spectra of molecular adsorbates

Abstract Normal mode calculations were used to analyze the infrared spectra of a number of novel adsorbates possessing iminium-(CNH 2 ) like functionalities, which are formed from a variety of precursor molecules containing the CN moiety on Pt(111). Calculations confirm that aminomethylidyne (CNH 2 ) is generated from methylamine (CH 3 NH 2 ) and low coverages of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), while diaminoethylene (H 2 NCCNH 2 ) is formed through the hydrogenation of cyanogen (C 2 N 2 ). It is also shown that CNH 2 dimers are formed via the thermal decomposition of either azomethane (CH 3 N 2 CH 3 ) or (CNH 2 ) 2 , as well as through the aggregation of CNH 2 formed from high HCN exposures.
Carcinogenic implications of the lack of tremolite in UICC reference chrysotile

Using light and electron microscopy analysis, as well as electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, an aliquot of UICC chrysotile B was analyzed with special attention given to any tremolite contamination. Polarized light microscopy, with its limit of detection of approximately 1 micron when using dispersion staining, revealed chrysotile as the only fibrous asbestos component. Analytical electron microscopy at 333,000x of more than 20,000 consecutive fibers showed only the tubular morphology characteristic of chrysotile. These findings highlight that when this sample was used for exposure disease induced in animal models correlates with chrysotile-induced pathology, and does not support an explanation based on the "amphibole hypothesis." Thus, chrysotile should be considered as having the biologic ability to produce cancers, including mesotheliomas, based on the extensive use of this material as a standard reference material.
Changes in porosity of treated lint cotton fibers. I. Purification and swelling treatments

Changes in the internal morphology of lint cotton fibers during purification and swelling treatments were investigated by measurement of nitrogen adsorption at liquid nitrogen temperature. Surface areas and pore size distributions were calculated from the adsorption isotherms and compared with findings from measurements of changes in crystallinity and in fibrillar aggregation as shown by electron micrographs. The adsorption measurements were made on fibers which were either preswollen in water or taken from the rinse water after treatment and solvent exchanged through methanol and n-pentane to helium. The large changes found in surface area, pore size distribution, and fibrillar aggregation were accompanied by changes in crystal structure in fibers treated with 5.0M sodium hydroxide. Large changes following treatment with phosphoric acid occurred in pore structure and fibrillar aggregation without concomitant change in crystallinity.
Study of double-diffusive velocity during the solidification process using particle image velocimetry

Abstract This paper reports the velocity distribution of double-diffusive convection of a binary mixture in a rectangular enclosure during the solidification process. The mixture was a NH4Cl–H2O solution. The advanced technique, particle image velocimetry (PIV), was used to measure the velocity distribution in the liquid region during solidification. For the purpose of comparison, the solidification of pure water was studied with the same technique. The temperature of the cooling walls in the test chamber and the temperature of the test solution during solidification were also measured. The double-diffusive flow was found to be stronger at the beginning of solidification; the flow decays as solidification proceeds. The velocity distribution of the hypereutectic solution of NH4Cl–H2O has evident difference in comparison with hypoeutectic solution.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Rutile Single Crystals

Clear, synthetic rutile (Ti${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$) single crystals have been investigated by electrical and optical methods. It seems possible to correlate the high temperature conductivity (${E}_{G}=3.05$ ev) with the threshold of optical absorption at low temperatures (3.03 ev) and with the maximum of the photoconductivity (3.03-3.06 ev). This evidence indicates an energy gap $\mathrm{ca} 3.05$ ev for rutile as an insulator.Semiconducting rutile, prepared by hydrogen reduction at temperatures \ensuremath{\le}800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, shows a blue color arising from an optical absorption maximum at $\mathrm{ca} 1.7$ \ensuremath{\mu} (0.73 ev). Conductivity-temperature plots for slightly reduced specimens indicate an optical activation energy of 0.68 ev. A theoretical calculation for the ionization of the first electron from an oxygen vacancy indicates 0.74 ev as the expected value, in good agreement with the experimental results. At room temperature the mobility of electrons in slightly reduced single crystals is $\mathrm{ca} {10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ /v-sec.Strongly reduced rutile is opaque; a comparison of electron concentrations calculated from weight loss and Hall coefficient data shows that for samples in which the electron concentration is ${10}^{26}$ /${\mathrm{m}}^{3}$, all contribute to conduction at room temperature.
numb, a gene required in determination of cell fate during sensory organ formation in Drosophila embryos

Neurons and support cells of each sensory organ in Drosophila embryos are most likely derived from a single precursor cell. This cell lineage is affected in numb mutants. Morphological alterations of sensory structures, as well as changes in the number of cells expressing cell type-specific markers, indicate that sensory neurons in numb mutant embryos are transformed into lineage-related nonneuronal support cells. Thus the numb gene controls the fate of progeny derived from sensory organ precursors. The numb gene has been isolated by the plasmid rescue method. The structure of its predicted product is discussed.
Characteristics of In2O3:Sn films prepared by reactive r-f sputtering

Oxide films were prepared by sputtering onto various substrates from alloy targets ranging in composition from 90-In;10-Sn to 70-In;30-Sn by weight. Sputtering atmospheres varied from 100 percent argon to 100 percent oxygen. As-sputtered resistances ranged from ~ 300 Ω/□ to > 7 x 106 for 2500 A to 100 A films respectively. The films were subse-quently annealed in reducing and oxidizing atmospheres for times up to 100 minutes and temperatures up to 500°C. Final resistances were typi-cally ~ 200 Ω/□ for a 400 A-thick film annealed in forming gas; oxygen was somewhat less effective in lowering the resistance. The white-light transmission of the as-sputtered films varied from one percent to 90 percent as compared with the uncoated microscope slide. Annealing typically increased the transmission to 90–95 percent. Data are also presented on the effects of the film thickness and the substrate for both the as-sputtered and the annealed-film characteristics.
Molecular dynamics studies on the effects of water speciation on interfacial structure and dynamics in silica-filled PDMS composites ☆

Abstract The effect of chemisorbed and physisorbed water on the interfacial structure and dynamics in silica-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based composites have been investigated. Toward this end, we have combined molecular dynamics simulations and experimental studies employing dynamic mechanical analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Our results suggest that the polymer–silica contact distance and the mobility of interfacial polymer chains significantly decreased as the hydration level at the interface was reduced. The reduced mobility of the PDMS chains in the interfacial domain reduced the overall, bulk, motional properties of the polymer, thus causing an effective ‘stiffening’ of the polymer matrix. The role of the long-ranged Coulombic interactions on the structural features and chain dynamics of the polymer were also examined. Both are found to be strongly influenced by the electrostatic interactions as identified by the bond orientation time correlation function, local density distribution and radial distribution functions. These results have important implications for the design and life performance behavior of nanocomposite silica–siloxane materials.
Segmental Amplification of the Entire Helical and Telopeptide Regions of the cDNA for Human α1(I) Collagen

Type I collagen is the site of several common genetic diseases and therefore, the diagnosis of mutational defects occurring therein is of considerable importance. By the polymerase chain reaction amplification of a series of seven overlapping segments, we show that the entire helical and telopeptide regions of the human alpha 1 (I) collagen cDNA can be cloned for sequencing. Unlike all other means of identifying collagen mutations, including protein sequencing and electrophoretic analysis, RNase A hybrid analysis and chemical cleavage of DNA or RNA heteroduplexes, the technique presented is capable of identifying all mutations and polymorphisms without false negative results.
NON-AUTOIMMUNE NEONATAL HYPERTHYROIDISM DUE TO AN ACTIVATING MUTATION IN THE TSH RECEPTOR GENE † 565

NON-AUTOIMMUNE NEONATAL HYPERTHYROIDISM DUE TO AN ACTIVATING MUTATION IN THE TSH RECEPTOR GENE † 565
Galilean satellites - Narrowband photometry 0.30 to 1.10 microns

Abstract During the 1969 apparition of Jupiter, a narrowband photometric study of the Galilean satellites was made. Interference filters (Δγ ∼ 0.02-0.03μ) were used to scan the spectral range from 0.3 to 1.1μ. The results of this study are: 1. 1. All the satellites have significantly higher geometric albedos (at 0.56μ) than Mercury, the Moon, or Mars, even allowing for large errors in the measurement of satellite diameters. Of the satellites, J4 has a distinctly lower albedo and density than J1, J2, or J3. 2. 2. The spectral reflectivity of all the satellites shows a sharp decrease below about 0.5μ. The spectral curves from 0.3 to 1.1μ for J2 and J3 are nearly identical to that of J4 despite J4's lower geometric albedo and density. J1 has a sharper decrease in spectral reflectivity at short wavelengths than J2, J3, and J4, but has a curve which is generally similar in shape to those of the other three satellites. No distinctive absorption bands are present in the satellites' spectral reflectivities over the spectral range studied (Johnson and McCord, 1970) . 3. 3. All the satellites show some variation in spectral reflectivity with rotational phase. This variation has the same period as variation in brightness. The spectral form of the variation was found to be similar for each of the satellites, with the brighter side having a higher reflectivity in the blue and ultraviolet relative to 0.56μ than the darker side. In addition, a smaller variation in the spectral reflectivity of J1 and J2 at wavelengths beyond 0.6μ was found. 4. 4. The eclipse brightening of J1 reported by Binder and Cruikshank (1964) was found at two wavelengths, 0.435μ and 0.56μ.
Congenital arteriovenous malformation of the female pelvis: A gynecologic perspective

Nine female patients with the rare congenital arteriovenous malformation of the pelvis were treated at New York University Medical Center in the past 8 years. The patients varied significantly in the anatomic location of the arteriovenous malformation, clinical presentation, and natural course of disease. A gynecologic perspective on the management of this condition is presented, which ranges from a conservative approach with preservation of childbearing potential to extensive pelvic surgery. The important role of modern interventional radiology technology and the multidisciplinary approach are stressed. The unpredictable course of disease after any intervention should be emphasized in planning the management of pelvic arteriovenous malformation.
Quantiles for finite mixtures of normal distributions

Quantiles for finite mixtures of normal distributions are computed. The difference between a linear combination of independent normal random variables and a linear combination of independent normal densities is emphasized.
Yaw sensory rearrangement alters pitch vestibulo-ocular reflex responses

Ten male subjects underwent two types of adaptation paradigm designed either to enhance or to attenuate the gain of the canal-ocular reflex (COR), before undergoing otolith-ocular reflex (OOR) testing with constant velocity, earth horizontal axis and pitch rotation. The adaptation paradigm paired a 0.2 Hz sinusoidal rotation about an earth vertical axis with a 0.2 Hz optokinetic stimulus that was deliberately mismatched in peak velocity or phase and was designed to produce short-term changes in the COR. Preadaptation and postadaptation OOR tests occurred at a constant velocity of 60 degrees/sec in the dark and produced a modulation component of the slow phase velocity with a frequency of 0.16 Hz due to otolithic stimulation by the sinusoidally changing gravity vector. Of the seven subjects who showed enhancement of the COR gain, six also showed enhancement of the OOR modulation component. Of the seven subjects who showed attenuation of the COR gain, five also showed attenuation of the OOR modulation component. The probability that these two cross-axis adaptation effects would occur by chance is less than 0.02. This suggests that visual-vestibular conditioning of the yaw axis COR also induced changes in the pitch axis OOR. We thus postulate that the central nervous system pathways that process horizontal canal yaw stimuli have elements in common with those processing otolithic stimuli about the pitch axis.
The Impact of Economic Perceptions on Work-Related Decisions

The most recent economic downshift demands that researchers gain a better understanding of the type of decisions individuals are making regarding work and the basis for those decisions. The state o...
The Density of the Hypercyclic Operators in the Strong Operator Topology

In this note we give a simple proof of the fact that the set of all hypercyclic operators on a separable Hilbert space is dense in the strong operator topology.
TEACHERS' PERCEPTION OF STUDENTS' BEHAVIOR '

Summary.-Six classroom teachers rated their Grade 4 students' behavior on five subtests and repeated the rating five months later after four classes had been exposed to self-development or relaxation-imagery programs. Correlations for students' and teachers' perceptions of students' behavior were statistically significant on two subtests at pretest and thee subtests at posttest. A comparison of total mean scores of teachen' perceptions at posttest indicated a significant difference by group with the trained groups' self-esteem being superior to the other groups. An investigation of enhancement of self-esteem was conducted with six classes of Grade 4 students (n = 90, 48 girls and 42 boys) from three different schools in the same section of a large urban city. Each trained group was composed of two Grade 4 classes from one school so teachers were unlikely to be aware of differences in training. Group A (n = 30) received 32 sessions of Developing Understanding of Self and Others (Dinkmeyer & Dinkmeyer, 1982), a self-development program. Group B (n = 30) received 32 sessions of relaxation training-imagery. Group C (n = 30), the control group, received no special training. Treatments were administered by the classroom teachers over a 5-mo. period in 30-min. sessions twice a week. Prior to treatment students were pretested on self-esteem using the Perceived Competence Scale for Chlldren (Harter, 1982), and classroom teachers completed a Teachers' Rating Scale of Child's Actual Behavior (Harter, 1982) for each student taught. After the 16-wk. treatment the pretest instruments were again completed by the students and classroom teachers and scored for five subtests of scholastic competence, athletic competence, social acceptance, physical appearance, and behavioral conduct. Scores were recorded and treated statistically. A Pearson product-moment correlation estimated association of teachers' and students' perceptions of students' behavior. At pretest the correlations of .33 and .25 between students' and teachers' perceptions of scholastic competence and behavioral conduct were statistically significant (p = .O1 and .05, respectively). Students were very aware of scholastic competence as testing on academic material is routine. Since teachers administer the tests and record the grades, they were also knowledgeable about students' abilities and likely would have perceptions similar to students of their scholastic competence. In the classroom 'This project was funded by a gnnt from the Louisiana Education Quality Sup rt Fund. Address re uests for reprints to Lynette Silvestri, H & PE Center, University ofiew Orleans, New ojeans, LA 70148.
Geodynamics and Mantle Flow: an Alternative Earth Model

Part 1 Foundations of a Contary View: Paradox and puzzles. Radioactivity of continental crust. Radioactivity of upper mantle. The heat flow paradox. Sub-continent upwelling and heat transfer. Seismic and petrographic structure. Part 2 Clues to Direction of Mantle Flow: Heat dissipation in mobile belts and oceanic regions. Viscous flow and its surface expression. Regional and structure-controlled stress. Uplifted old rocks on the Oceanic Range. The Coriolis effect. Crestward change and the spreading hypothesis. Geodetic surveys. Block tilting. Gravity anomalies over upward and downward mantle flow. Seismic indicators of rising and sinking mantle. Crestal structure. Collapse model of a rift. Rift structure. Part 3 Convection, Subsidence and Geologic Age: Experimental convection. Proposed mantle convection. Origin of Fracture Zones and Transforms. Relative motion on Transforms. Near-axial structure and magnetic stripes. Ocean depth control and ages on the Oceanic Ridge. Part 4 Recycling Model of Volcanism: Melting of heterogeneous mantle. Recycling and igneous diversity. Mid-ocean volcanism. Recycling and the flux of helium and neon. Inclined subduction, andesites and the calc-alkaline trend. Return flow and upwelling. Part 5 Evolution and Reversal of Convection: Archean. Archean-Proterozoic transition. Early Proterozoic stability. Continental growth. Part 6 Disruption and Mantle Surge: Indicators of times of mantle surge. Pacific structure and Mesozoic disruption. Circum-Pacific and world-wide surge of mantle flow. Part 7 Revolution in the Earth Sciences.
Variability of Thick Albumen in Fresh-Laid Eggs

Abstract GRADES of eggs are based, at least in part, on the interior quality, and every egg that grades below first grade represents an economic loss that increases as the grade lowers. These lower grades are in a large measure responsible for the wide difference in price paid by the consumer. Any increase in the quality of eggs would tend to lower the price of good quality eggs to the consumer and the price to the farmer would tend to be higher. The produce packer also wants better quality of eggs as it has been found that they keep better under storage conditions. Although much improvement in the handling of eggs has helped to maintain the quality of eggs, very little has been done to really understand the factors determining the interior quality of eggs or whether or not it can be improved by breeding. Several articles have been written recently . . .
Buckling and bending of cylindrically orthotropic annular plates

Abstract Bending and buckling of cylindrically-orthotropic circular and annular plates are considered. The solutions are obtained in a closed form for arbitrary boundary conditions. Both mechanical and thermal loads are included in the analysis. Numerical results presented in this paper are in qualitive agreement with the corresponding solutions for isotropic plates.
A novel flow cytometric analysis for platelet activation on immobilized von Willebrand factor or fibrillar collagen

Under flow conditions, platelets adhere singly or in small aggregates on von Willebrand factor (VWF)-coated surfaces, but form large aggregates on immobilized fibrillar collagen. We developed a novel flow cytometric analysis to study the mechanisms underlying these distinct platelet deposition patterns. Flow cytometry was used to measure platelet activation after platelet adherence onto microspheres coated with either VWF or collagen fibrils. Two representative indices were calculated to quantify activated GpIIb-IIIa and P-selectin expression on adherent platelets. The signaling pathways responsible for platelet activation after interacting with fibrillar collagen were elucidated using various inhibitors. An in vitro endothelial cell wound model was also used to study the roles of VWF and fibrillar collagen in platelet deposition onto subendothelial matrixes. The adherent platelets on fibrillar collagen express more activated GpIIb-IIIa and P-selectin than those on VWF. Activation of GpIIb-IIIa and expression of P-selectin after platelet interaction with collagen occur via different intracellular signaling pathways; however, Ca2+ released from intracellular pools is common to both phenomena. Platelets were deposited singly or formed small aggregates on the endothelial cell wounded area, and this deposition pattern was dependent on VWF molecules secreted by endothelial cells and the absence of subendothelial collagen fibrils. As less activated GpIIb-IIIa and P-selectin are expressed after platelets interact with immobilized VWF alone, subsequent flowing platelet recruitment is minimal. Collagen fibrils, however, can activate adherent platelets sufficiently to promote the formation of large platelet aggregates.
Antithrombotics for secondary prevention of noncardioembolic ischaemic stroke

Antiplatelet therapy is more effective than anticoagulation for the prevention of noncardioembolic ischaemic stroke. The choice of antiplatelet regimen, however, remains contentious. Recent controversies regarding aspirin resistance and the optimal dosing of aspirin, as well as recognition of the variable bioactivation of clopidogrel, have added further confusion to the debate. The American Heart Association (AHA) and American Stroke Association (ASA) recently released their third joint guideline in the past 5 years on secondary stroke prevention. The European Stroke Organisation has published three guidelines on this issue since 2000. These frequent updates have been necessary because of rapidly accumulating data from clinical trials. Careful consideration of the sometimes confusing trial results reveals that the 2011 AHA-ASA guidelines are correct in no longer specifying a 'preferred' antiplatelet regimen from among the choices recently studied. This recommendation does not, however, mean that all antiplatelet regimens should be considered equal. This Review discusses the various antiplatelet regimens, and the trials that led to the rapid evolution of the guidelines for secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke.
Analysis of reactor geometry and diluent gas flow effects on the matalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of AlN and GaN thin films on a(6H)-SiC substrates

The influence of diluent gas on the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of AlN and GaN thin films has been investigated. A computational fluid dynamics model using the finite element method was employed to improve film uniformity and to analyze transport phenomena. The properties of AlN and GaN thin films grown on α(6H)-SiC(0001) substrates in H2 and N2 diluent gas environments were evaluated. Thin films of AlN grown in H2 and N2 had root mean square (rms) roughness values of 1.5 and 1.8 nm, respectively. The surface and defect microstructures of the GaN thin films, observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively, were very similar for both diluents. Low temperature (12K) photoluminescence measurements of GaN films grown in N2 had peak intensities and full widths at half maximum equal to or better than those films grown in H2. A room temperature Hall mobility of 275 cm2/V·s was measured on 1 µm thick, Si-doped, n-type (1×1017 cm−3) GaN films grown in N2. Acceptor-type behavior of Mg-doped GaN films deposited in N2 was repeatably obtained without post-growth annealing, in contrast to similar films grown in H2. The GaN growth rates were ∼30% higher when H2 was used as the diluent. The measured differences in the growth rates of AlN and GaN films in H2 and N2 was attributed to the different transport properties of these mixtures, and agreed well with the computer model predictions. Nitrogen is shown to be a feasible alternative diluent to hydrogen for the growth of AlN and GaN thin films.
Risks for atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure in patients ≥65 years of age with abnormal left ventricular diastolic relaxation

We sought to determine the risk for the first episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) and congestive heart failure (CHF) in a cohort of patients aged >/=65 years who had abnormal left ventricular (LV) diastolic relaxation. Records were reviewed for all residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who had >/=1 transthoracic echocardiogram performed at the Mayo Clinic between 1990 and 1998, and who were in sinus rhythm and did not have a history of AF, CHF, valvular or congenital heart disease, permanent pacemaker, or stroke. Of 994 patients who qualified and had LV diastolic function assessment, abnormal LV relaxation was identified in 569 (57%), 105 of whom (18%) developed a first episode of AF or CHF over a mean follow-up of 4.0 +/- 2.7 years. Age (p 37 ml/m(2)). Compared with patients with normal LV diastolic function (n = 148, 15%), the risks for first episodes of AF or CHF were not different in those with abnormal diastolic relaxation if LA volume was <27 ml/m(2) (p = 0.303). In conclusion, these data suggest the presence of a wide spectrum of risks for AF or CHF in the elderly who have abnormal LV diastolic relaxation, with the highest risks evident in those with the largest left atria. When LA volume was <27 ml/m(2), however, the risks for these events were not different from those with normal LV diastolic function.
Determination of the A parameter in supergravity models from Z 0 → two gluinos

How information about the A parameter in supergravity models may be obtained from the decay Z/sup 0/..-->..g-tildeg-tilde is shown. It is found that for Anot =0 the branching ratio is modified and a new helicity state of the gluinos is produced. The contribution from the 1/sup -/ part of the Z/sup 0/ coupling (and therefore from the U(1) part) is shown to be zero for complete mixing of the left- and right-handed squarks. Theorems which forbid the new helicity state and the 1/sup -/ contribution in the case of no mixing and equal mass for the left- and right-handed squarks are proven. Numerical calculations are done in the Quiros-Kane-Haber supergravity model as an example.
Molecular characterization of human and bovine rod photoreceptor cGMP phosphodiesterase α-subunit and chromosomal localization of the human gene

Abstract Defects in proteins that function in photoreceptor signal transduction are prime suspects as causes of some human hereditary retinal degenerations. We have characterized cDNA clones encoding the α-subunit of human and bovine rod cell cGMP phosphodiesterase, a key phototransduction enzyme. Clones from both species contain an open reading frame capable of coding for an ∼100-kDa polypeptide of 859 amino acids, 94% of which are identical. Two or more transcripts were detected in both human and bovine retinal poly(A)+ RNA preparations, although the human transcripts ranging from 5.3 to 4.9 kb are significantly larger than the two bovine transcripts of 4.6 and 4.0 kb. The bovine and human genes appear to exist in single copy, with the bovine gene spanning more than 140 kb of genomic DNA. Somatic cell hybrids were used to map the human gene to the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q31.2→134). Finally, the use of the candidate gene approach in the study of hereditary retinal dystrophies is discussed.
High-frequency ultrasound of anterior segment retinoblastoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate anterior segment retinoblastoma with high-frequency ultrasound. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: An 11-year-old boy with a total retinal detachment and multiple white anterior chamber nodules was examined with high-frequency ultrasound before enucleation of the globe. RESULTS: Multiple solid and cystic nodular tumors were found in the anterior chamber angle. With high-frequency ultrasound, tumor was discovered posterior to the iris, over the ciliary processes, and on the lens capsule. No calcifications were noted. Other findings included angle closure related to iris neovascularization and uveal thickening. CONCLUSION: High-frequency ultrasound can be used to evaluate retinoblastoma extension into the anterior segment. These images may be used for comparison in future cases of retinoblastoma with anterior chamber invasion.
Error Growth in a Whole Atmosphere Climate Model

It has been well established that the atmosphere is chaotic by nature and thus has a finite limit of predictability. The chaotic divergence of initial conditions and the predictability are explored here in the context of the whole atmosphere (from the ground to the thermosphere) using the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). From ensemble WACCM simulations, it is found that the early growth of differences in initial conditions is associated with gravity waves and it becomes apparent first in the upper atmosphere and progresses downward. The differences later become more profound on increasingly larger scales, and the growth rates of the differences change in various atmospheric regions and with seasons—corresponding closely with the strength of planetary waves. For example, in December– February the growth rates are largest in the northern and southern mesosphere and lower thermosphere and in the northern stratosphere, while smallest in the southern stratosphere. The growth rates, on the other hand, are not sensitive to the altitude where the small differences are introduced in the initial conditions or the physical nature of the differences. Furthermore, the growth rates in the middle and upper atmosphere are significantly reduced if the lower atmosphere is regularly reinitialized, and the reduction depends on the frequency and the altitude range of the reinitialization.
Principles-driven forensic analysis

It is possible to enhance our understanding of what has happened on a computer system by using forensic techniques that do not require prediction of the nature of the attack, the skill of the attacker, or the details of the system resources or objects affected. These techniques address five fundamental principles of computer forensics. These principles include recording data about the entire operating system, particularly user space events and environments, and interpreting events at different layers of abstraction, aided by the context in which they occurred. They also deal with modeling the recorded data as a multi-resolution, finite state machine so that results can be established to a high degree of certainty rather than merely inferred.
Modulating temporal and spatial oxygenation over adherent cellular cultures.

Oxygen is a key modulator of many cellular pathways, but current devices permitting in vitro oxygen modulation fail to meet the needs of biomedical research. A microfabricated insert for multiwell plates has been developed to more effectively control the temporal and spatial oxygen concentration to better model physiological phenomena found in vivo. The platform consists of a polydimethylsiloxane insert that nests into a standard multiwell plate and serves as a passive microfluidic gas network with a gas-permeable membrane aimed to modulate oxygen delivery to adherent cells. Equilibration time is on the order of minutes and a wide variety of oxygen profiles can be attained based on the device design, such as the cyclic profile achieved in this study, and even oxygen gradients to mimic those found in vivo. The proper biological consequences of the device's oxygen delivery were confirmed in cellular models via a proliferation assay and western analysis of the upregulation of hypoxia inducible transcription factor-1α. These experiments serve as a demonstration for the platform as a viable tool to increase experimental throughput and permit novel experimental possibilities in any biomedical research lab.
Clutter rejection processing for airborne radar in rotated space-time domain

A new clutter rejection method is introduced in the rotated space-time domain for airborne radar. Prior knowledge of platform velocity is used to determine clutter ridge slope in the space-time domain and a corresponding rotation is performed to make the clutter ridge horizontal. This clutter can be removed by zeroing out a central strip in the resulting image, i.e. MTI processing and target can be detected by subsequent thresholding.
Assessment of homology with the helical mimicry algorithm

Abstract Homologies based on structural motifs characterize conserved structures and mechanisms of maintaining function. An algorithm was developed to quantitate homology among segments of two proteins based upon structural characteristics of an amphipathic α-helix. This helical mimicry algorithm scored homology among sequences of two proteins in terms of: (i) presence of Leu, Ile, Val, Phe, or Met in a longitudinal, hydrophobic strip-of-helix at positions n , n + 4, n + 7, n + 11, etc. in the primary sequence, (ii) identity or chemical similarity of amino acids at intervening positions and (iii) exchanges of amino acids from positions n to n − 1, n + 3, n + 4, n + 1, n − 3, n − 4 around n (on the surface of a putative helix). While such exchanges of amino acids on the surfaces of homologous helices may conserve function, they did not maintain specific interactions of those residues with apposing groups.
The effects of temperature and humidity on water loss in two desert tenebrionid beetles, Eleodes armata and Cryptoglossa verrucosa

Abstract 1. 1. Eleodes armata exhibited greater water loss than Cryptoglossa verrucosa at all temperatures and humidities. 2. 2. At low temperatures and humidities, water lost through transpiration predomated; at higher temperatures and humidities, a greater percentage was lost via quinone secretions. 3. 3. No uptake of atmospheric moisture was observed for either species, C. verrucosa exhibited a reduction in water loss with increased dehydration. 4. 4. The presence of intact elytra reduced water loss in E. armata. 5. 5. Resistance to desiccation in the two species was correlated with observations of their seasonal abundance and activities.
Glucose levels in the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

Abstract The hemolymph glucose levels in noninfected Biomphalaria glabrata and those in specimens parasitized by Schistosoma mansoni have been investigated at 7 weekly intervals. Although great variations in glucose concentrations occur in both categories of snails, it is quite evident that beyond the third week the infected snails consistently reveal significantly reduced hemolymph glucose levels. An evaluation of the known data suggests that the reduction in glucose may be attributed, at least in part, to uptake and utilization by the parasites.
Remarks on the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation

We report here a joint work in progress on the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. The question we address is the analytical study of a fourth order nonlinear evolution equation. This equation has been obtained by Sivashinsky in the context of combustion and independently by Kuramoto in the context of reaction diffusion-systems. Both were motivated by (nonlinear) stability of travelling waves. Numerical calculations have been done on this equation. All the results seem to indicate a chaotic behavior of the solution. Therefore, the analytical study is of interest in analogy with the Burger's and Navier-Stokes equations. Here we give some existence and uniqueness results for the equation in space dimension one, and we also study a fractional step method of numerical resolution. In a forthcoming joint paper with R. Temam, we will study the asymptotic behavior, as t approaches infinity, of the solution of (0.1) and give an estimate on the number of determining modes.
Hand Infections: Basic Principles and Management

Background: An untreated hand infection can lead rapidly to tissue destruction and permanent disability. Methods: Review of the pertinent English literature. Results: Early diagnosis and timely, effective intervention is crucial to treatment. Anatomically, the hand consists of multiple potential spaces and tissue planes that can become infected with a wide variety of organisms. Thus, a working knowledge of hand anatomy as well as pharmalogical therapies is imperative for successful management. Conclusions: Knowledge of the basic principles of hand care, relevant anatomy, infectious organisms, and clinical signs of an unusually aggressive infection greatly improves treatment efficacy.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF PORK BY DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF SWINE RATIONS

The extent of improvement in the oxidative stability of pork through dietary supplementation was determined by feeding pigs rations containing α-tocopherol acetate and ascorbic acid. Approximately 7.7, 5 and 4.3 μg of α-tocopherol per gram of tissue were deposited in the renal fat, the subcutaneous fat and the triceps muscle respectively by 200 ppm α-tocopherol acetate supplementation of the ration fed between beginning weights of 9–20 kg and a slaughter weight of 91 kg. The oxidative stability of the pork tissues was unaffected by ascorbic acid supplementation. However the stability of the adipose tissues was significantly increased (P < 0.01) by α-tocopherol acetate supplementation as indicated by the oxygen bomb stability test. There was a linear relationship between the stability of adipose tissues and their α-tocopherol content. Supplementation of 100 ppm of α-tocopherol acetate in the ration appeared to be the optimum level for improvement of the oxidative stability of the muscle.
Computational and experimental study of oxygen-enhanced axisymmetric laminar methane flames

Three axisymmetric laminar coflow diffusion flames, one of which is a nitrogen-diluted methane/air flame (the ‘base case’) and the other two of which consist of nitrogen-diluted methane vs. pure oxygen, are examined both computationally and experimentally. Computationally, the local rectangular refinement method is used to solve the fully coupled nonlinear conservation equations on solution-adaptive grids. The model includes C2 chemistry (GRI 2.11 and GRI 3.0 chemical mechanisms), detailed transport, and optically thin radiation. Because two of the flames are attached to the burner, thermal boundary conditions at the burner surface are constructed from smoothed functional fits to temperature measurements. Experimentally, Raman scattering is used to measure temperature and major species concentrations as functions of the radial coordinate at various axial positions. As compared to the base case flame, which is lifted, the two oxygen-enhanced flames are shorter, hotter, and attached to the burner. Computati...
Sequence analysis of the 5.34-kb 5' flanking region of the human rhodopsin-encoding gene.

Abstract In order to define elements which may be involved in regulating human rhodopsin expression, we have isolated and sequenced a clone containing 5.34 kb of the 5′-upstream region of the human rhodopsin-encoding gene. The 5.34-kb human segment contains multiple potential transcription factor-binding sites and a subfamily of Alu repeats. The same subfamily of Alu repeats is found 5.8 kb upstream from the human red/green visual pigment-encoding gene.
Tolstoy, Liberal and Pluralist: On "Personality" and the Protagonist in War and Peace

Tolstoy's first large-scale narrative which helped him reach maturity as an author, War and Peace also sheds light on the evolution of Tolstoy's political ideals in the post-Reforms period. One of the original conceptions of this novel was shaped around the figure of the first-generation Russian liberal and future Decembrists Pyotr Labazov, who in the final version was transformed into Pierre Bezukhov. I argue that Pierre's personality, which evolves throughout the novel and shapes it as a Bildungsroman, constitutes one of the thematic and formal kernels of War and Peace. When read against the background of Tolstoy's early pedagogical essays, this emplotment suggests that Tolstoy supported the liberal understanding of the "personality" (lichnost') and wanted Pierre to serve as a model liberal hero. However, as his project grew in terms of intellectual and historical scope, Tolstoy began to develop a broader, more organicist perspective, which made room for a variety of political, social and cultural emanations of "personality." I suggest that the competition for the role of the leading hero among several crucial characters in War and Peace attests to Tolstoy's shifting and increasingly pluralistic or heterogeneous vision of Russia's modernization.
SYD-1, a presynaptic protein with PDZ, C2 and rhoGAP-like domains, specifies axon identity in C. elegans

SYD-1, a presynaptic protein with PDZ, C2 and rhoGAP-like domains, specifies axon identity in C. elegans
Preserving traffic privacy in wireless mesh networks

In this paper, the traffic confidentiality and study of the traffic pattern concealment problem via routing control is focused. First, the number of nodes in a WMN is limited. Second, traffic forwarding relationship among nodes is strongly dependent on their locations and the network topology, which is static and known a priori in WMN. To better utilize the wireless channel resource and enhance the data delivery performance, a short path is usually selected. In light of these problems, it is aimed to design a light weight traffic privacy preserving mechanism for WMN. The penalty-based routing algorithm is proposed to achieve the goal of hiding traffic pattern by exploiting the richness of available paths between two nodes in WMN. The algorithm operates in three phases, path pool generation, candidate path selection and individual packet routing. These results show that with this algorithm, the destination node is able to consistently limit the proportion of mutual information it shares with the observing nodes.
DAYCENT Simulations to Test the Influence of Fire Regime and Fire Suppression on Trace Gas Fluxes and Nitrogen Biogeochemistry of Colorado Forests

Biological activity and the physical environment regulate greenhouse gas fluxes (CH4, N2O and NO) from upland soils. Wildfires are known to alter these factors such that we collected daily weather records, fire return intervals, or specific fire years, and soil data of four specific sites along the Colorado Front Range. These data were used as primary inputs into DAYCENT. In this paper we test the ability of DAYCENT to simulate four forested sites in this area and to address two objectives: (1) to evaluate the short-term influence of fire on trace gas fluxes from burned landscapes; and (2) to compare trace gas fluxes among locations and between pre-/post- fire suppression. The model simulations indicate that CH4 oxidation is relatively unaffected by wildfire. In contrast, gross nitrification rates were reduced by 13.5-37.1% during the fire suppression period. At two of the sites, we calculated increases in gross nitrification rates (>100%), and N2O and NO fluxes during the year of fire relative to the year before a fire. Simulated fire suppression exhibited decreased gross nitrification rates presumably as nitrogen is immobilized. This finding concurs with other studies that highlight the importance of forest fires to maintain soil
Evaluation of the adolescent or adult with some features of Marfan syndrome

Disclaimer: ACMG standards and guidelines are designed primarily as an educational resource for medical geneticists and other health care providers to help them provide quality medical genetic services. Adherence to these standards and guidelines does not necessarily ensure a successful medical outcome. These standards and guidelines should not be considered inclusive of all proper procedures and tests or exclusive of other procedures and tests that are reasonably directed to obtaining the same results. In determining the propriety of any specific procedure or test, the geneticists should apply their own professional judgment to the specific clinical circumstances presented by the individual patient or specimen. It may be prudent, however, to document in the patient’s record the rationale for any significant deviation from these standards and guidelines. Individuals who are suspected of having Marfan syndrome are often referred to a medical geneticist for further evaluation and diagnosis. However, there are a number of conditions that share physical manifestations with those of Marfan syndrome; therefore, an approach to diagnosis and evaluation is crucial to the proper long-term follow-up of these individuals. This practice guideline provides guidance for the approach to this cadre of individuals. Genet Med 2012:14(1):171–177
THE RADIOACTIVITY OF POTASSIUM FROM HUMAN SOURCES.

A comparison of the radioactivity of potassium from human and commercial sources indicates that the radioactive isotope K40 is probably 1 or 2 per cent less abundant in human potassium.
Genome sequence of strain HIMB55, a novel marine gammaproteobacterium of the OM60/NOR5 clade.

ABSTRACT Strain HIMB55 is a phylogenetically unique member of the OM60/NOR5 clade of the Gammaproteobacteria isolated from coastal seawater of Kaneohe Bay on the northeastern shore of Oahu, Hawaii, by extinction culturing in seawater-based oligotrophic medium. Here we present the genome sequence of strain HIMB55, including genes for bacteriochlorophyll-based phototrophy.