cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An optimal peak alignment for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry using mixture similarity measure

Motivation: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC × GC–MS) brings much increased separation capacity, chemical selectivity and sensitivity for metabolomics and provides more accurate information about metabolite retention times and mass spectra. However, there is always a shift of retention times in the two columns that makes it difficult to compare metabolic profiles obtained from multiple samples exposed to different experimental conditions. Results: The existing peak alignment algorithms for GC × GC–MS data use the peak distance and the spectra similarity sequentially and require predefined either distance-based window and/or spectral similarity-based window. To overcome the limitations of the current alignment methods, we developed an optimal peak alignment using a novel mixture similarity by employing the peak distance and the spectral similarity measures simultaneously without any variation windows. In addition, we examined the effect of the four different distance measures such as Euclidean, Maximum, Manhattan and Canberra distances on the peak alignment. The performance of our proposed peak alignment algorithm was compared with the existing alignment methods on the two sets of GC × GC–MS data. Our analysis showed that Canberra distance performed better than other distances and the proposed mixture similarity peak alignment algorithm prevailed against all literature reported methods. Availability: The data and software mSPA are available at http://stage.louisville.edu/faculty/x0zhan17/software/software-development. Contact:s0kim023@louisville.edu; xiang.zhang@louisville.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effects of testosterone on contractile properties of sexually dimorphic forelimb muscles in male bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana, Shaw 1802)

This study examined the effects of testosterone (T) on the contractile properties of two sexually dimorphic forelimb muscles and one non-dimorphic muscle in male bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana, Shaw 1802). The dimorphic muscles in castrated males with testosterone replacement (T+) achieved higher forces and lower fatigability than did castrated males without replaced testosterone (T0 males), but the magnitude of the differences was low and many of the pair-wise comparisons of each muscle property were not statistically significant. However, when taken as a whole, the means of seven contractile properties varied in the directions expected of masculine values in T+ animals in the sexually dimorphic muscles. Moreover, these data, compared with previous data on male and female bullfrogs, show that values for T+ males are similar to normal males and are significantly different from females. The T0 males tended to be intermediate in character between T+ males and females, generally retaining masculine values. This suggests that the exposure of young males to T in their first breeding season produces a masculinizing effect on the sexually dimorphic muscles that is not reversed between breeding seasons when T levels are low. The relatively minor differences in contractile properties between T+ and T0 males may indicate that as circulating T levels rise during breeding season in normal males, contractile properties can be enhanced rapidly to maximal functional levels for breeding success.
Drishti: an integrated indoor/outdoor blind navigation system and service

There are many navigation systems for visually impaired people but few can provide dynamic interactions and adaptability to changes. None of these systems work seamlessly both indoors and outdoors. Drishti uses a precise position measurement system, a wireless connection, a wearable computer, and a vocal communication interface to guide blind users and help them travel in familiar and unfamiliar environments independently and safely. Outdoors, it uses DGPS as its location system to keep the user as close as possible to the central line of sidewalks of campus and downtown areas; it provides the user with an optimal route by means of its dynamic routing and rerouting ability. The user can switch the system from an outdoor to an indoor environment with a simple vocal command. An OEM ultrasound positioning system is used to provide precise indoor location measurements. Experiments show an in-door accuracy of 22 cm. The user can get vocal prompts to avoid possible obstacles and step-by-step walking guidance to move about in an indoor environment. This paper describes the Drishti system and focuses on the indoor navigation design and lessons learned in integrating the indoor with the outdoor system.
Kernel texture differences among US soft wheat cultivars

Kernel texture is a key factor in the quality and utilization of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L), yet the variation in kernel texture among US soft wheat cultivars is largely unknown. This study evaluated the following hypothesis: soft wheat cultivars differ in kernel texture due to minor genetic factor(s). Once identified, selected contrasting cultivars could serve as candidates for crop improvement and future genetic studies. To test the hypothesis, kernel texture (SKCS, Single Kernel Characterization System), NIR (near-infrared reflectance) and Quadrumat break flour yield were evaluated for 30 cultivars drawn from the four major US soft wheat regions and sub-classes (eastern and western soft white winter, soft red winter and Club). Cultivars were grown in replicated trials over 6 site-years in Washington state. The results clearly indicated that relatively large, consistent genetic differences in kernel texture exist among US soft wheat cultivars. SKCS and NIR were fairly well correlated (r = 0.85) and tended to rank cultivars in the same order. However, individual cultivars deviated from this linear relationship and occasionally rankings changed substantially. Trends were observed among the geographical regions and sub-classes, eg the first 13 hardest-ranked positions (SKCS) were held by western cultivars (13 of the 16 total western cultivars). Quadrumat break flour yield provided an independent assessment of kernel texture and was not correlated with SKCS or NIR hardness. Four distinct cultivar groupings were made based on analysis of variance and two-dimensional graphical assessment. Each group represented contrasting levels of kernel texture (SKCS or NIR) and break flour yield. Identification of the specific underlying gene(s) conferring kernel texture variation among US soft wheats awaits the next phase of research.  2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Judicial Decisions on Public Law

Amendment of State Constitution-Majority Necessary for Adoption. People v. Stevenson (Illinois, December 7, 1917, 117 N. E. 747). The constitution of Illinois provides that when amendments to that instrument are proposed by the legislature of the state they shall be submitted to the voters of the states "at the next election of members of the General Assembly, in such manner as may be prescribed by law and if a majority of the electors voting at said election shall vote for the proposed amendment" they shall become a part of the constitution. A constitutional amendment relating to taxation was submitted to the people of Illinois at the general election in November, 1916. The vote upon it was 656,298 for, and 295,782 against. The number of male voters voting in the election was 1,343,381, while the highest vote cast for members of the general assembly aggregated 1,269,331. In other words the amendment received a majority of the vote cast for members of the general assembly but not a majority of the total male vote cast in the election for other officers. In this case the supreme court of Illinois was called upon to decide whether or not the amendment had received the majority which the constitution required. It decided that it had not. It based its decision upon the following grounds: A constitution gets its binding force, not from the convention which framed it, but from the people who ratified it. Accordingly its clauses must be construed in the natural, ordinary sense most obvious to the common understanding. The obvious meaning of the clause in question is that a majority of the highest vote cast at the general election shall be required to pass an amendment. This has been the interpretation which has been placed upon that clause in counting the votes upon all of the seven previous amendments adopted under the present state constitution, although in none of those cases did the amendment fail to get a favorable majority of the highest vote cast in the election. This interpretation is rendered all the more reasonable by the fact that under the system of minority representation used in Illinois it is
Area-Efficient Error Protection for Caches

Due to increasing concern about various errors, current processors adopt error protection mechanisms. Especially, protecting L2/L3 caches incur as much as 12.5% area overhead due to error correcting codes. Considering large L2/L3 caches of current processors, the area overhead is very high. This paper proposes an area-efficient error protection scheme for L2/L3 caches. First, it selectively applies ECC (Error Correcting Code) to only dirty cache lines and other clean cache lines are protected using simple parity check codes. Second, the dirty cache lines are periodically cleaned by exploiting the generational behavior of cache lines. Experimental results show that the cleaning technique effectively reduces the number of dirty cache lines per cycle. The ECCs of this reduced number of dirty cache lines can be maintained in a small storage. Our proposed scheme is shown to reduce the area overhead of a 1MB L2 cache for error protection by 59% for SPEC2000 benchmarks running on a typical four-issue superscalar processor.
Towards interactive photorealistic rendering of indoor scenes: a hybrid approach

Photorealistic rendering methods produce accurate solutions to the rendering equation but are computationally expensive and typically noninteractive. Some researchers have used graphics hardware to obtain photorealistic effects but not at interactive frame rates. We describe a technique to achieve near photorealism of simple indoor scenes at interactive rates using both CPUs and graphics hardware in parallel. This allows the user the ability to interactively move objects and lights in the scene. Our goal is to introduce as many global illumination effects as possible while maintaining a high frame rate. We describe methods to generate soft shadows, approximate one-bounce indirect lighting, and specular reflection and refraction effects.
Using systematic change management to improve emergency patients' access to specialist care: the Big Squeeze.

Background Delayed access to specialist care for emergency patients is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and increased patient anxiety. Objectives (1) To provide timelier access to inpatient and urgent outpatient specialist care for emergency patients. (2) To influence multiple stakeholders to modify their traditional practices and sustain changes. Setting National University Hospital of Singapore, an academic medical centre with 997 beds in Singapore and over 34 sub-specialties. Methods A set of six interventions was implemented to meet three goals: (1) provide timely access to urgent outpatient specialist care requested by the emergency department ED; (2) increase early inpatient discharges (in order to better match timing of emergency admissions); and (3) provide earlier defined care by inpatient specialists at the ED. An eight-step organisational change management plan was implemented to ensure all specialties complied with the changes. Results The goals were achieved. (1) Specialist outpatient appointments given within the timeframe requested by the ED doctor increased from 51.7% to 80.8%. (2) Early discharges increased from 11.9% to 26.6% and were sustained at 27.2%. (3) 84% of eligible patients received earlier defined specialist care at the ED. The change management achieved excellent clinician compliance rates ranging from 84% to 100%. However the median wait for admission remained unchanged. Conclusion The interventions reduced the time for ED patients to access specialist outpatient and inpatient care. The systematic organisational change management approach resulted in sustained compliance.
An Interview with Alain M. Sadeghi President, Founder and Senior Security EngineereTechSecurityPro

Alain M. Sadeghi, is the president, founder and senior security engineer at eTechSecurityPro. Alain spent approximately 20 years in Silicon Valley in California working in the IT & Security arenas. He has a Bachelor in International Economics and Masters in Computer Science plus additional industry and vendor certifications. He studied at the Sorbonne University in Paris, France and The University of California at Berkeley. He has been a consultant both nationally & internationally. He has expertise in Information Technology Security arenas and a broad-range of professional and corporate certifications. In the Silicon Valley, Alain has worked in partnership with IBM, EDS, Cisco, HP, Microsoft, and other Fortune 500 companies on a variety of IT security projects.
Generation bidding game with potentially false attestation of flexible demand

With the onset of large numbers of energy-flexible appliances, in particular plug-in electric and hybrid-electric vehicles, a significant portion of electricity demand will be somewhat flexible and accordingly may be responsive to changes in electricity prices. In the future, this increased degree of demand flexibility (and the onset of only short-term predictable intermittent renewable supply) will considerably exceed present level of uncertainty in day-ahead prediction of assumed inelastic demand. For such a responsive demand idealized, we consider a deregulated wholesale day-ahead electricity marketplace wherein bids by generators (or energy traders) are determined through a Nash equilibrium via a common clearing price (i.e., no location marginality). This model assumes the independent system operator (ISO) helps the generators to understand how to change their bids to improve their net revenue based on a model of demand-response. The model of demand-response (equivalently, demand-side bidding day ahead) is based on information from load-serving entities regarding their price-flexible demand. We numerically explore how collusion between generators and loads can manipulate this market. The objective is to learn how to deter such collusion, e.g., how to set penalties for significant differences between stated and actual demand, resulting in higher energy prices that benefit certain generators.
Authenticity in Obesity Public Service Announcements: Influence of Spokesperson Type, Viewer Weight, and Source Credibility on Diet, Exercise, Information Seeking, and Electronic Word-of-Mouth Intentions

This study examined the joint influence of spokesperson type in obesity public service announcements (PSAs) and viewer weight on diet intention, exercise intention, information seeking, and electronic word-of-mouth (eWoM) intention. Results of a 2 (spokesperson type: real person vs. actor) × 2 (viewer weight: overweight vs. non-overweight) between-subjects experiment indicated that overweight viewers who saw the PSA featuring the real person had the highest diet intention, exercise intention, information seeking, and eWoM intention. Parasocial interaction was also found to mediate the relationships between spokesperson type/viewer weight and two of the dependent variables: diet intention and exercise intention. In addition, viewers who saw the PSA featuring the real person rated the spokesperson as significantly higher on source credibility (trustworthiness, competence, and goodwill) than those who saw the PSA featuring the actor.
Intimate Partner Violence Involving Children and the Parenting Role: Associations with Maternal Outcomes

The aim of the present study was to investigate intimate partner violence (IPV) involving children and the parenting role (e.g., preventing an intimate partner from providing parental care or threatening to take one’s children away). Specifically, the study examined whether this form of IPV affects maternal functioning above and beyond other IPV experiences. Participants included a community sample of 120 primarily low-income, single women, diverse in age, education, and ethnicity, who were interviewed 1 year after giving birth, as part of a longitudinal study. IPV involving children and the parenting role was significantly associated with other experiences of IPV, especially general psychological IPV. Multiple regression analyses revealed that this form of IPV significantly affected mothers’ personal, relational, and parental functioning. Results suggest that it is important to assess for IPV involving children and the parenting role when working with mothers. More research on this unique type of IPV is needed.
Effect of Carbon Black on the Mechanical Properties of Elastomers

Abstract The strain-amplification concept developed by Guth and Gold can predict the effect of carbon black loading on the mechanical properties of elastomers, provided that the experimental conditions and the samples correspond to the assumptions made in the derivation of the Guth-Gold equation, namely: a) Any artifacts arising from dynamic testing in tension have to be considered and eliminated by the proper analysis. b) Samples have to be prestretched prior to testing to break up particle agglomerations and to eliminate any possible entanglement slippage. c) Spherical particles have to be used or Medalia's occluded volume concept has to be applied for fillers with high structure. d) Hysteresis properties are dependent upon the square of the strain-amplification factor. e) Viscoelastic effects on the shape and level of stress-strain curves have to be eliminated.
Orienting Hollywood: a century of film culture between Los Angeles and Bombay

Nitin Govil’s new book is an interdisciplinary account of Hollywood’s encounter with the Bombay film industry within a historical and comparative framework. Drawing upon cinema studies, critical me...
The Theology of Second Clement

There has never been a form-critical study of 2 Clement. Because of this, conclusions concerning its Gattung have varied considerably. Harnack and Goodspeed, for example, have argued that 2 Clement is in the form of a letter, and beyond that, that it was sent by Bishop Soter of Rome (c. 166–74) to Corinth. Contrary to this position, Lightfoot, Knopf, and Windisch, among others, have argued that it is either a sermon or a homily. Although in recent years this latter position has been readily accepted, it always appears as an assertion without support, form-critical or otherwise.
Suicide Among Service Members

The suicide rate in the US military has steadily climbed over the past 5 to 7 years despite aggressive efforts by the military and the mental health community to counter this trend.
Finding Harappan seal carvers: An operational sequence approach to identifying people in the past

Abstract The engravings on Harappan stamp seals allow the identification of particular artisans in the past. Toward this end, this article employs three-dimensional optical microscopy of stamp seal engravings to provide a non-destructive source of data for reconstructing specific sequences of action. Comparing these operational sequences ( chaines operatoire ) reveals similarities that probably resulted from past production events undertaken by differing individual carvers. Applying this high resolution approach to a sample of five unicorn stamp seals from Mohenjo-daro (2600–1900 B.C.) strongly suggests that their engravings are the work of three artisans. The differences in their operational sequences provide preliminary insights into the boundaries between the communities of practice that produced Harappan seals. This approach can extend archaeological inquiry into many aspects of the social conditions in which seal production occurred. A close analysis of operational sequences reveals how the traces of specific actions, faithfully recorded in stone, can help us find people in the past whose specific activities would otherwise lie outside of scholarly investigation.
Dihydromunduletone Is a Small-Molecule Selective Adhesion G Protein–Coupled Receptor Antagonist

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have emerging roles in development and tissue maintenance and is the most prevalent GPCR subclass mutated in human cancers, but to date, no drugs have been developed to target them in any disease. aGPCR extracellular domains contain a conserved subdomain that mediates self-cleavage proximal to the start of the 7-transmembrane domain (7TM). The two receptor protomers, extracellular domain and amino terminal fragment (NTF), and the 7TM or C-terminal fragment remain noncovalently bound at the plasma membrane in a low-activity state. We recently demonstrated that NTF dissociation liberates the 7TM N-terminal stalk, which acts as a tethered-peptide agonist permitting receptor-dependent heterotrimeric G protein activation. In many cases, natural aGPCR ligands are extracellular matrix proteins that dissociate the NTF to reveal the tethered agonist. Given the perceived difficulty in modifying extracellular matrix proteins to create aGPCR probes, we developed a serum response element (SRE)-luciferase-based screening approach to identify GPR56/ADGRG1 small-molecule inhibitors. A 2000-compound library comprising known drugs and natural products was screened for GPR56-dependent SRE activation inhibitors that did not inhibit constitutively active Gα13-dependent SRE activation. Dihydromunduletone (DHM), a rotenoid derivative, was validated using cell-free aGPCR/heterotrimeric G protein guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding reconstitution assays. DHM inhibited GPR56 and GPR114/ADGRG5, which have similar tethered agonists, but not the aGPCR GPR110/ADGRF1, M3 muscarinic acetylcholine, or β2 adrenergic GPCRs. DHM inhibited tethered peptide agonist-stimulated and synthetic peptide agonist-stimulated GPR56 but did not inhibit basal activity, demonstrating that it antagonizes the peptide agonist. DHM is a novel aGPCR antagonist and potentially useful chemical probe that may be developed as a future aGPCR therapeutic.
Photoprotection and Photoaging

Photoaging refers to the long-term effects of ultraviolet radiation on chronically exposed skin.
Intake of Advanced Glycation Endproducts: Role in the Development of Diabetic Complications

Diabetes is a very common cause of hospitalization and is listed as a diagnosis in 12% of hospital discharges. This diagnosis has a substantial impact on medical costs since hospital stay for diabetic patients is 1–3 days longer than non-diabetics. Cardiovascular complications are a common cause of hospitalizations for diabetic patients, and diabetes is a listed diagnosis in 29% of cardiac surgery patients.
Devices and Endoscopic Bariatric Therapies for Obesity

In this review, we describe the FDA-approved and investigational devices and endoscopic bariatric therapies for the treatment of obesity. We focus on literature published in the past few years and present mechanisms of action as well as efficacy and safety data. Devices and endoscopic procedures are emerging options to fill the significant treatment gap in the management of obesity. Not only are these devices and procedures minimally invasive and reversible, but they are potentially more effective than antiobesity medications, often safer for poor surgical candidates and possibly less expensive than bariatric surgery. As many patients require a variety of management strategies (medications, devices, procedures, and/or surgery) in addition to lifestyle modifications to achieve clinically significant weight loss, the future of obesity treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach. Combinations of advanced treatment strategies can lead to additive or synergistic weight loss. This is an area that requires further investigation.
Pectus Excavatum and the Heart

Pectus excavatum (PE) is a congenital malformation characterized by a depression of the sternum and of the adjacent rib cartilage that modifies the conformation of the chest with the appearance of a concavity of the anterior wall. This deformity, characterized by a sternal depression and known by various names (pectus excavatum, funnel chest, and cobbler’s chest) represents the most common deformity of the chest wall (90%) and affects 1 in 1,000 live births (Mansour et al. 2003; Fonkalsrud 2003) with a prevalence in male subjects of 5∶1 (M/F 5∶1) (Fonkalsrud 2003). It is also the most frequently surgically treated malformation. The modality of hereditary transmission has not yet been established, but it is commonly accepted that patients with PE report other relatives affected by thoracic malformations.
Neuropsychological Sequelae of Chronic Medical Disorders

In the past, neuropsychologists were largely concerned with the evaluation and study of neurological conditions that result in impairment in intellectual functioning. The vast majority of both clinical work and published research was done with adults. By comparison, child clinical neuropsychology is still in its infancy. Both clinicians and researchers who have worked with children have tended to focus their energies largely on the brain itself and have viewed most problems of concern to them as occurring within the brain or some other portion of the central nervous system (CNS). However, child neuropsychologists are becoming increasingly involved in the evaluation of individuals who suffer from diseases that may affect any part of the body.
Genetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease involving genetic and environmental influences. Complement Factor H (CFH) and HTRA1/LOC387715 are the two main loci associated with AMD. A genetic understanding of AMD may allow for early diagnosis and treatment.
JUUL and other stealth vaporisers: hiding the habit from parents and teachers.

Background Some consumers wish to use vapour devices discreetly so that family members, teachers and coworkers do not recognise their use of nicotine ortetrahydrocannabinol (THC) laden vapour. Methods Stealthy vapour devices, as well as low-odour and low-vapour e-juices, were identified via a comprehensive online search between March and June 2018. Results As evidence of their popularity, a search for ‘stealth vaping’ on YouTube found 18 200 videos. A variety of cleverly designed vapour devices disguised as USB sticks, pens, remote controls, car fobs, smart phones, sweatshirt drawstrings and even asthma inhalers are on the market. JUUL, which resembles a USB stick, is the archetype of these devices and is especially popular among youth. A search of ‘JUUL’ on YouTube yielded 148 000 videos with 57 videos having >100 000 views. Searches on ‘JUUL at school’ (15 500), ‘JUUL in class’ (6840), ‘hiding JUUL in school’ (2030) and ‘JUUL in school bathroom’ (1040) illustrate the product’s popularity among students. Some e-juices promote themselves as having low visibility plumes while others profess to be of subtle odour to avoid detection. Numerous techniques have been described to hide the exhaled vapour plume such as by swallowing it or blowing it into one’s clothing or into a backpack. Conclusions The vaping industry has demonstrated much ingenuity in devising discreet vaporisers and de-emphasising exhaled vapour plumes and their aroma. The US market for vaping devices with stealthy characteristics is anything but inconspicuous, with JUUL alone accounting for 70.5% of sales (July 2018).
Treatment of Disfiguring Cutaneous Lesions in Neurofibromatosis-1 with Everolimus: A Phase II, Open-Label, Single-Arm Trial.

Cutaneous neurofibromas cause disfigurement and discomfort in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). The primary objective of this phase II, open-label, single-arm trial was to assess whether orally administered everolimus reduced the surface volume of cutaneous neurofibromas in patients with NF-1. Of 22 patients who took the study drug, 17 completed the trial; 5 patients withdrew due to adverse events. Sixteen patients had photographs of sufficient quality for assessment of the primary outcome. A significant reduction in lesion surface volume, defined as an end of trial volume > 2 standard errors (SE) less than baseline volume, was observed for 4/31 lesions (13%) from 3/16 patients (19%). Additionally, a statistically significant absolute change in average height for paired lesions was observed (p = 0.048). Although not a prespecified outcome measure, a dramatic reduction in the size of 3 large plexiform neurofibromas with a cutaneous component was also noted and documented by measurement of maximum circumference or magnetic resonance imaging-based volumetric analysis. Adverse events were common in this trial, but no serious adverse events occurred. Although this was a small, exploratory trial that was not powered for significance, the reduction in surface volume observed in this study is noteworthy assuming that the natural course for untreated lesions is to maintain or increase in volume. Future studies are needed with larger study populations that incorporate longer durations of treatment and better standardization of volumetric measurements. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02332902
Wilderness Falls: An Analysis and Comparison of Rock Climbers and Nonclimbers.

Abstract Background Wilderness travel and rock climbing are increasingly popular. Urban falls from height have been reported from trauma centers; however, there have been no trauma center reports of rock climbing or wilderness falls (WFs) in the United States. We sought to describe the injury pattern of WF and to determine whether rock climbers represent a distinct pattern of injury. Materials and methods The trauma database from our level 1 trauma center was queried from 1/1/06 to 12/31/16 for the diagnosis of “fall from cliff” (ICD9: e884.1, ICD10: w15.xx). Demographics, injury characteristics, and trauma center care were analyzed. Data were analyzed using two sample unequal variance T-tests, two sample Z-tests for proportions, and Fisher's exact tests. Results One hundred fifty-one falls were analyzed (40 climbers, 111 nonclimbers). WF victims were predominantly male (79%), moderately injured (mean injury severity score = 13.2), frequently intoxicated (34%), and fell from an average of 43 feet (7-200 ft). The most frequent injures were soft tissue (55%), spine (50%), head (43%), lower extremity (38%), and chest (39%). Climbers were younger, more often sustained upper extremity and soft tissue injuries, more often flown from the scene, injured during daytime, and were better insured. Helmet use was rare (one climber and one nonclimber). There were 3 (2%) deaths, including one climber. Conclusions WFs have a distinct injury pattern and demographic and occur from a height greater than twice those reported in urban falls. Rock climbing falls involve another distinct demographic and pattern of injury. Injury prevention strategies may include helmet use and avoiding nighttime wilderness travel and drug/alcohol use.
Fitspo at Every Size? A comparative content analysis of #curvyfit versus #curvyyoga Instagram images

Contemporary fat studies scholarship seeks to challenge and critique the normative weightist lens through which modern social media for example stereotypically represent the embodiment of higher-we...
Outcomes of heart transplantation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus

Human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) patients are not routinely offered heart transplantation (HT) due to lack of adequate outcomes data. Between January 2004 and March 2017, we identified 41 adult (≥18 years) HT recipients with known HIV+ serostatus at the time of transplant in UNOS and evaluated post-HT outcomes. Overall, Kaplan-Meier (KM) estimates of survival at 1 and 5 years were 85.9% and 77.3%, respectively, with no significant difference in bridge-to-transplant ventricular-assist device (BTT-VAD, n = 22) and no-BTT-VAD (n = 19). KM estimates of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and malignancy at 5 years were 32% and 19%, respectively. Using propensity scores, 41 HIV+ HT recipients were matched to 41 HIV- HT recipients for idiopathic dilated-cardiomyopathy; and there was no significant difference in post-HT survival up to 5 years. Furthermore, only 24 centers in the United States had performed HIV+ HT during the study period, indicating that >80% of HT centers in the United States had not performed any HIV+ HT. In a cohort representative of the current status of HIV+ HTs in the United States, we found that the posttransplant survival was excellent and rates of CAV and malignancy were comparable to the overall HT population. These results should encourage greater number of centers to offer HT to suitable HIV+ candidates and help reduce unequal access to HT for HIV+ patients.
Principles-Based Accounting Standards, Earnings Management and Price Efficiency

The issue of principles-based accounting standards has been attracting growing interest since the emergence of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as a global phenomenon, and the United States consideration of IFRS adoption. This paper studies the effect of a move towards principles-based accounting standards on price efficiency in the equity market. I assume a move towards principles-based standards requires the firm’s manager to use more of his private, though more subjective, information for financial reporting. I model the manager’s reporting decision as a trade-off between increased compensation through earnings management and a cost associated with earnings management (such as litigation, SEC enforcement, and manipulation effort). I find that the effect of a move towards principles-based accounting standards on price efficiency is non-monotonic. When standards are highly rules-based, reducing the use of rules-based standards increases price efficiency. However, at some point, this relation reverses. The optimal mix of rules and principles reflects a trade-off between two types of effects on price efficiency: predictive ability and comparability. In addition, expected earnings management is non-monotonic in the use of rules-based standards. Finally, I find that rules intensity and managerial compensation incentives act as complements, such that higher managerial compensation incentives require more rules-based standards for price efficiency to be maximized.
Asymmetric cyclopentannelation. Chiral auxiliary on the allene.

An enantioselective variant of the synthesis of cross-conjugated cyclopentenones, based on d-glucose-derived chiral auxiliaries, is described. Minor modification of the method makes it applicable to the preparation of both enantiomeric series of products. Both enantiomers of the key intermediate in our roseophilin synthesis have been prepared.
Exploring Characteristic Features in Gait Patterns for Predicting Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune and demyelinating disease, is one the most prevalent neurological disabilities in young adults. It results in damage of the central nervous system, disrupting communication between the patient’s brain, spinal cord and body. Mobility limitations is one of the earliest symptoms and affects a majority of persons with Multiple Sclerosis. We are working towards an effort to characterize individuals with MS, from those without, on the basis of variations in the gait patterns. In the proposed work, statistical methods were used to identify differentiating gait data features for MS characterization. The prediction algorithms built upon these characteristic features will help clinicians develop effective and early cure and therapy designs for persons with Multiple Sclerosis.
YBa2Cu3O7-x films on off-axis Y-ZrO2 substrates using Y-ZrO2 or Y2O3 barrier layers

YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7{minus}{ital x}} (YBCO) and barrier layer films were deposited on single-crystal (Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}){sub 0.09}(ZrO{sub 2}){sub 0.91} substrates cut between 3.6 and 35.7{degree} off-axis from the (001) planes. The barrier layers were (Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}){sub 0.065}(Y--ZrO{sub 2}){sub 0.935}(Y--ZrO{sub 2}), Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}, or multilayered structures of Y--ZrO{sub 2} and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}. X-ray diffraction showed that the Y--ZrO{sub 2} and Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} barrier layers generally grew epitaxially on the off-axis substrates, with the (001) barrier layer film planes being parallel to those of the substrate, and the {l_angle}100{r_angle} directions being parallel. YBCO films deposited on Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} barrier layers also showed epitaxy with the YBCO (001) planes being nearly parallel to the substrate (001) planes, even for miscuts up to 35.7{degree}. In contrast, the (001) planes of YBCO films deposited on Y--ZrO{sub 2} barrier layers were almost parallel to the substrate surface, not the (001) substrate planes. However, YBCO films on Y--ZrO{sub 2} films maintained particular in-plane epitaxial orientations with respect to the substrate. The YBCO full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) x-ray peaks were slightly narrower (0.8{degree}) on Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} barrier layers than on Y--ZrO{sub 2} layers (1.3{degree}). The electrical resistivity versus temperature behavior ofmore » the YBCO/Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} films were consistent with increased grain boundary scattering as the degree of substrate miscut increased, whereas YBCO/Y--ZrO{sub 2} films` resistivities showed less sensitivity to substrate miscut, consistent with the loss of epitaxy.« less
3-Dimensional nature-based therapeutics in pediatric patients with total pancreatectomy and islet auto-transplant

Abstract Background Virtual Reality (VR) has been increasingly employed as a therapeutic means to help patients reduce stress, anxiety, and pain. While it has been shown to be effective in multiple settings, there is still scant literature referencing its use in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) and none using VR longitudinally as a vehicle for mindful focus utilizing natural environments. Objectives This proof of concept study aims to demonstrate that the use of 3-D Nature-Based Therapy (NBT) glasses will lead to a reduction in pain, nausea, and anxiety in children and adolescents undergoing Total Pancreatectomy Islet Auto-Transplant (TPIAT). Methods Six pediatric patients (8–18 yr.) scheduled to receive TPIAT were recruited over a one-year period. Patients rated their symptoms using various scoring methods, including a novel nature-based anxiety scale. If VR was used prior to a physical therapy session, this was also noted. Patients then utilized the Oculus ™ VR device and re-scored their symptoms. Interviews were performed at entry to study, post-ICU, and at hospital discharge. Results Four of six recruited patients utilized the VR device, three of whom completed pre- and post-use scores during 11 encounters, though many other encounters occurred without scoring. Of the two patients not utilizing the device, one chose to use other means of distraction and the other reported nausea and chose not to use device. Of the patients who utilized the device, there was a net decrease in symptom scores after use, including the use of the nature-based scale which mimicked both validated scales. On survey results, all patients who utilized the device found it to be “enjoyable” and “helpful”, either “would” or “might use” it again, and “would recommend it to others” for use. Conclusions In this proof of concept study, children in a critical care setting were able to utilize VR devices for NBT after extensive surgical procedures. Initial quantitative scoring systems suggest overall improvement in symptom management, and reactions by both patients and their parents were overall positive.
Residents' preferences for private amenities and trade-offs associated with various spatial densities and patterns

ABSTRACTNorthwest Arkansas planning policies, like a number of communities across the country, have identified goals working toward more sustainable, livable, and subsequently denser development pa...
Learning about cancer genes through invertebrate genetics

Genetic studies in yeast, nematodes and Drosophila are revealing the signal transduction pathways that regulate differentiation and cell proliferation. Some of the critical molecules involved are homologous to proto-oncogenes and others are likely to be analogous to the products of tumor suppressor genes.
Considering Food Addiction Through a Cultural Lens

Research suggests that cultural factors influence eating behaviors; however, little is known about the relationship between food addiction and culture. This narrative review aimed to (i) review theoretically related work on the relationship between sociocultural demographic variables, food cravings, and eating disorders; (ii) review the available literature assessing cultural aspects of food addiction, specifically the rates of food addiction across the globe and notable differences in relevant sociodemographic variables: race, ethnicity, gender, and acculturation level; (iii) discuss the potential impact of culture on the current understanding of food addiction and future research directions emphasizing the inclusion of sociocultural variables. Preliminary data suggest that food addiction symptoms occur cross-culturally and that there may be significant differences between sociodemographic groups. Issues related to adequate lexicalization of concepts central to food addiction (e.g., craving, addiction) and global variations in eating culture and presentation of similar constructs (e.g., binge-eating) contribute to questions raised and identify avenues for further research. Multidimensional cultural assessment is called for to characterize food addiction among diverse groups and improve our understanding of the etiology, maintenance, and sequelae of food addiction cross-culturally.
Adult vs. Juvenile Explants: Directed Totipotency

The exploitation of stages of the life cycle of a woody perennial through cell and tissue culture is examined in terms of explant selection and discrete developmental outcomes. For mass propagation, explants from adult trees require rejuvenation, dedifferentiation, induction and redifferentiation. These processes traverse phases of the life cycle and involve cells having cell-line replicator activity. The components of the rejuvenation process, replicator monitoring and the concept of directed totipotency are illustrated with Prunus sp. and with some conifers. The result leads to some general notions for diagnostic reasoning in ontogeny under artificial conditions and different genetic backgrounds.
Lessons Learned From A Community-Based Participatory Research Study with At-Risk Youth in Taiwan

Introduction: At-risk youth are often excluded from research yet without eliciting their views, subtle but important factors influencing decision-making processes and self-conceptualization may be missed. Engaging this population in research is a means of respecting and affirming them as individuals, and is central to developing effective policies. However, efforts to engage with at-risk youth can often be hampered …
Physician attitudes about abortion and their willingness to consult in abortion care at a Midwestern academic medical center

Abstract Objective To assess abortion-related attitudes, practices, and perceptions among physicians of all specialties at a Wisconsin academic medical center. Study design We developed and disseminated a cross-sectional web and mail survey to physicians at our academic center using a list generated by Human Resources. We performed descriptive analyses and assessed bivariate relationships between measures of support for abortion, perceived climate of opinion, willingness to consult in abortion-related cases, and sociodemographic and professional characteristics. We used binary logistic regression to model willingness to consult. Results We sent the survey to 1357 physicians and received 913 (67%) responses. Participants reported strong support for unrestricted access to abortion and the efforts of abortion providers but estimated relatively lower support among peers. Compared to 556 (62%) who reported “a lot” of support for abortion access, only 183 (21%) estimated the same level of support among peers. Similarly, 615 (69%) participants reported “a lot” of support for abortion providers, compared to only 227 (25%) who estimated the same level of support among peers. Participants most commonly estimated that peers “somewhat” support abortion access (381; 43%) and abortion providers (344; 39%). Across specialties, 799 (90%) physicians said they were at least “somewhat” willing to consult in abortion-related cases. Compared to obstetrician-gynecologists and family physicians, other specialists were less likely to be willing to consult (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.29–0.65), though majorities of both groups were willing. Physicians who perceived equal or higher support for abortion among peers were more likely to be willing to consult (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.60–2.95). Conclusion Most physicians at our center reported support for abortion; however, those who perceived less support among peers reported less willingness to consult in abortion-related care, regardless of specialty. Implications Even among physicians who supported abortion, the perception that peers were less supportive deterred participation in abortion-related care at our institution. Where abortion care is isolated or stigmatized, physicians may be unaware of colleagues’ true attitudes about abortion. Efforts to normalize communication about abortion care could improve access and quality.
Expanded view of electron-hole recollisions in solid-state high-order harmonic generation: Full-Brillouin-zone tunneling and imperfect recollisions

We theoretically investigate electron-hole recollisions in high-harmonic generation (HHG) in band-gap solids irradiated by linearly and elliptically polarized drivers. We find that in many cases, the emitted harmonics do not originate in electron-hole pairs created at the minimum band gap, where the tunneling probability is maximized, but rather in pairs created across an extended region of the Brillouin zone (BZ). In these situations, the analogy to gas-phase HHG in terms of the short- and long-trajectory categorizations is inadequate. Our analysis methodology comprises three complementary levels of theory: the numerical solutions to the semiconductor Bloch equations, an extended semiclassical recollision model, and a quantum wave-packet approach. We apply this methodology to two general material types with representative band structures: a bulk system and a hexagonal monolayer system. In the bulk, the interband harmonics generated using elliptically polarized drivers are found to originate not from tunneling at the minimum band gap $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$, but from regions away from it. In the monolayer system driven by linearly polarized pulses, tunneling regions near different symmetry points in the BZ lead to distinct harmonic energies and emission profiles. We show that the imperfect recollisions, where an electron-hole pair recollide while being spatially separated, are important in both bulk and monolayer materials. The excellent agreement between our three levels of theory highlights and characterizes the complexity behind the HHG emission dynamics in solids, and expands on the notion of interband HHG as always originating in trajectories tunnelled at the minimum band gap. Our work furthers the fundamental understanding of HHG in periodic systems and will benefit the future design of experiments.
A self-learning circuit diagram for optimal water and energy management

Computational methods with real-time forecasting of embedded energy and water networks are critical for resource management and conservation. In the August 1, 2021 issue of Energy & Environmental Science, Liu and Mauter propose a high-resolution computational framework of the embedded energy in water delivery systems to guide efficient management of water resources.