cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On developing the online Hamilton cycles learning games with the design considerations of learning reflexiveness

In this study, we use a new proposed teaching framework to develop the Hamiltonian circuit learning games for the 7–9 grade high-school students. The framework is for enhancing learners' activities with learning reflxiveness. The design of these games is based on this framework to achieve the targeted learning outcomes. In recent years, the game-based learning is a very popular research topic. The Hamiltonian cycles is an important concepts for learning many computer science topics, such as algorithm. The developed games use guiding rules to enable students to take pre-test, and to learn the Hamilton graphs with these games on the tab computers. After the game, the learners are given a review test using the teaching film and producing a link to the pre-test. This design concept is different from the previous studies, through this new design, the outcome get a better learning results under the effect of reflection. The students will have a deeper impression on the subject, and through self-learning and active thinking, in the game will have a deeper experience.
A Hippocampal-like neural network model solves the transitive inference problem

Both rats and humans can solve configural learning problems. Based on lesion experiments in rats, configural learning is regarded as a hippocampally dependent function1 when reconfigurability is critical. We have previously shown that a hippocampal-like neural network model2,3 solves the configural problem of transitive inference (TI)4. Here we confirm this result and investigate the robustness of this demonstration as a function of network activity levels.
Football and Public Opinion: A Partial Replication and Extension

Do events irrelevant to politics, such as the weather and sporting events, affect political opinions? A growing experimental literature suggests that such events can matter. However, extant experimental evidence may over-state irrelevant event effects; this could occur if these studies happen to focus on particular scenarios where irrelevant event effects are likely to occur. One way to address this possibility is through replication, which is what we do. Specifically, we replicate an experimental study that showed the outcome of a college football game can influence presidential approval. Our results partially replicate the previous study and suggest the impact is constrained to a limited set of outcome variables. The findings accentuate the need for scholars to identify the conditions under which irrelevant effects occur. While the effects clearly can occur, there relevance to politics remains unclear.
Structure basis for RNA-guided DNA degradation by Cascade and Cas3

Type I CRISPR-Cas system features a sequential target-searching and degradation process on double-stranded DNA, by the RNA-guided Cascade complex and the nuclease-helicase fusion enzyme Cas3, respectively. Here we present a 3.7 A resolution cryo-EM structure of the Type I-E Cascade/R-loop/Cas3 complex, poised to initiate DNA degradation. Cas3 distinguishes Cascade conformations and only captures the R-loop forming Cascade, to avoid cleaving partially complementary targets. Its nuclease domain recruits the non-target strand (NTS) DNA at a bulged region for the nicking of single-stranded DNA. An additional 4.7 A resolution cryo-EM structure captures the post-nicking state, in which the severed NTS retracts to the helicase entrance, to be threaded for ATP-dependent processive degradation. These snapshots form the basis for understanding RNA-guided DNA degradation in Type I-E CRISPR-Cas systems.
Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis by Phenols, Coumarins, Aromatic Isothiocyanates, Flavones, and Indoles

An increasing number and diversity of compounds have been found to inhibit the neoplastic effects of chemical carcinogens when administered prior to and/ or simultaneously with the carcinogen. These inhibitors include naturally occurring constituents of foods, particularly vegetables and fruit, and also synthetic compounds, some of which are food additives (Wattenberg, 1979a,b). The inhibitors encompass a wide range of chemical structures (Fig. 1). The time relationship between administration of the inhibitors and carcinogens as well as direct studies of mechanisms of inhibition indicate that these inhibitors can act by preventing carcinogenic species from reaching or reacting with critical cellular targets. In essence, they exert a barrier function.
Warnings on cigarette packs in Latin America and the Caribbean

This study evaluated the content of health warning labels on 240 varieties of cigarettes sold in 28 countries of South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. Warning practices in the different countries were compared, with special attention to the phrasing of the message and the product origin: imported, national, or foreign brands made in the country under a manufacturing permit. It was found that cigarette packages in the largest countries regularly carried warning labels, but in other countries such labeling was infrequent or nonexistent. In 12 countries, imported cigarettes had no warning label or were labeled only in the language of the country of origin. Another 12 countries with permits to manufacture foreign products locally added their own warning label. In three other countries, no warning labels were found, either on domestic cigarettes or locally made foreign brands. The content of the warnings varied considerably from one country to another. In many cases a tendency was observed to use wording that was not forceful and did not provide sufficient information to the consumer. The author believes that the warnings could be improved if their content and presentation were changed.
Ultrasonic Signal-To-Noise Ratio Enhancement Using Adaptive Filtering Technique

In this paper, we assess the feasibility of using an adaptive spatial averaging technique for general ultrasonic flaw detection, and in particular, for the detection of hard-alpha inclusions in aircraft titanium alloys. Fig. 1 depicts the different components and processes in a ultrasonic sequential detection procedure. In order to achieve the best overall performance of this procedure, it is necessary to optimize each of the processes. Toward solving the hard-alpha problem under the Engine Titanium Consortium [1], the implementation of a multi-zone system [2] represents the current attempt to optimize the processes in the data acquisition stage. For the optimization of the other processes in the succeeding stages, a signal and image processing subtask has been identified and established. Within this subtask, the research team at Iowa State University is undertaking a series of investigations which involve various approaches including signal processing [3–5], statistical analyses [6–7], and artificial intelligence [6–7]. Earlier work in signal processing was focused on the traditional processing of individual A-scan waveforms (top route in Fig. 1). Presently, the effort is extended by incorporating scan plan relationship into signal filtering to further enhance the flaw detectability. Conceptually, this extension is closely related to the statistical K-sample inference method described in [7].
Estimating Dose Response Curves

There are several companies in the United States that manufacture devices for detecting the presence of a variety of antibiotics in milk. All such devices that are manufactured and marketed in the USA require approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), USA. For each drug whose presence in milk is to be tested, FDA has determined a critical level, and requires that all test devices show a sensitivity of at least 90% with a confidence level of at least 95% at the critical levels. This paper discusses several statistical techniques such as one-sided confidence intervals for the binomial p, and logit/probit regression analyses that are commonly used to check regulatory compliance in such cases.
To study the effect of sprouted fenugreek seeds as nutraceutical as an add-on therapy in patients of diabetes mellitus, obesity and metabolic syndrome

Fenugreek methi is an annual herb mainly cultivated for seed as well as for its sprouts The sprouts are used as spices and condiment to improve the flavor and the nutritive value of foods The sprouted fenugreek seeds used as to lower the PPBS FBS metabolic syndrome of the patients Thestudy was conducted at Maharishi Aurobindo Subharti College Hospital of Naturopathy Yogic Sciences Swami Vivekanand Subharti University Meerut A total number of patients with metabolic syndrome diabetic and obese were selected They were grouped into two group one treatment group consumed gm sprouted fenugreek seeds orally twice daily for days and the second group was control In the study from the total individuals n were involved in treatment group and in the control group Blood glucose level weight BMI B P and Pulse Rate was measured from each participant before and after the study Data entry and analysis was performed using SPSS version statistical software Data were presented as mean SD A level of p
Fruit infected with Paecilomyces niveus: A source of spoilage inoculum and patulin in apple juice concentrate?

Abstract Paecilomyces niveus has long been recognized as an important heat-resistant mold (HRM) causing spoilage in thermally processed apple products. With the recent discovery that P. niveus causes an apple disease called Paecilomyces rot, there is a need to evaluate the possibility that the spores can be introduced via infected fruit and survive thermal processing to contaminate apple products. Previously, research characterizing P. niveus survival and spoilage has been based on simple inoculation of cultured ascospores directly into juice. To determine whether ascospores formed in infected fruit survive through thermal processing with rotating vacuum evaporation (2.5 h, 70 °C), apples infected with P. niveus were used to make apple juice concentrate. Viable P. niveus was quantified in samples taken throughout the apple juice concentrate process: in cider, centrifuged juice, apple solids, and in juice made from concentrate. Additionally, the concentration of the mycotoxin patulin was determined in a subset of samples. Results show that P. niveus survived juice concentration. The thermal process used significantly reduced P. niveus (P = 0.0017); from an average of 5.5 log CFU L−1 in the initial cider made from diseased fruit to an average of 1.5 log CFU L−1 in single strength apple juice diluted from concentrate. Ascospores were observed at a greater abundance than intact asci throughout the concentration process. Patulin concentrations at all stages of apple juice concentration exceeded the United States’ regulatory defect action level of 50 ppb. This is the first report that apples infected with P. niveus can survive and remain viable in finished apple products and that patulin is produced in these apples. It raises important questions about the use of damaged and infected fruit as a source of HRM which contribute to spoilage and mycotoxins in apple juice concentrate.
Immunoproteomic Identification of Noncarbohydrate Antigens Eliciting Graft‐Specific Adaptive Immune Responses in Patients with Bovine Pericardial Bioprosthetic Heart Valves

Purpose This case-control retrospective discovery study is to identify antigenic bovine pericardium (BP) proteins that stimulate graft-specific humoral immune response in patients implanted with glutaraldehyde fixed bovine pericardial (GFBP) heart valves. Experimental design Banked serum is collected from age- and sex-matched patients who received either a GFBP or mechanical heart valve replacement. Serum IgG is isolated and used to generate poly-polyclonal antibody affinity chromatography columns from each patient. Native and deglycosylated BP protein extracts are separately added to individual patient affinity chromatography columns, with unbound proteins washed through the column. Proteins captured in the affinity chromatography columns are submitted for proteomic identification. Differences between GFBP and mechanical heart valve replacement recipients are analyzed with Gaussian linearized modeling. Results Carbohydrate antigens overwhelm protein capture in the column, requiring BP protein deglycosylation prior to affinity chromatography. Nineteen BP protein antigens, which stimulated graft-specific IgG production, are identified in patients who received GFBP valve replacements. Identified antigens are significantly over-represented for calcium-binding proteins. Conclusions and clinical relevance Patients implanted with GFBP valves develop a graft-specific humoral immune response toward BP protein antigens, with 19 specific antigens identified in this work. The molecular functions of over-represented antigens, specifically calcium-binding proteins, may aid in understanding the underlying factors that contribute to structural valve deterioration.
Proficiency development for graduating medical students, using skills-level-appropriate mastery learning versus traditional learning for chest tube placement: Assessing anxiety, confidence, and performance.

Abstract Background Mastery learning is an effective educational tool to assess basic procedural skill proficiency and may also be beneficial for more complex skills along the continuum of surgical training. In addition, anxiety and confidence have effects on cognitive and decision-making performance, both in educational and clinical settings. This study evaluates anxiety and confidence in a skills-level–appropriate mastery learning module for chest tube insertion in graduating medical students. Methods A 2-week intern preparatory course was held 2 consecutive years, with 10 and 14 students, respectively. Learners completed a pretest on day 1, didactic session and supervised deliberate practice followed by a Posttest on day 4, and a retention test on day 10. Year one used a traditional educational methodology, and year two provided for remediation as per mastery learning methodology. The chest tube scoring checklist was validated by faculty trauma surgeons to reflect an intern-appropriate skills level. Before and after each test, learners reported state anxiety. Immediately after each test, learners also completed a confidence scale. Results No learners in either year achieved mastery on the pretest. A total of 40% of the learners achieved the mastery standard on the posttest in year one. All (100%) of the learners achieved the mastery standard after the posttest in year two. Overall, after state anxiety decreased significantly in both years, confidence increased significantly in year two. Conclusion A skills-level–appropriate mastery learning module resulted in higher performance and increased confidence compared with a traditional education model for chest tube placement for incoming surgical interns.
A potential role for myosin light chain kinase in lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis.

e22051 Background: Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer remains a clinical challenge despite the migration from cytotoxic chemotherapies to targeted agents. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is a...
Análisis del efecto de la aplicación de la Ley 19.913 de lavado de activos en una institución financiera

Dentro del contexto de la ley 19.913 referida al lavado de dinero en Chile, gran cantidad de entidades publicas y privadas se vieron obligadas, en distintos ambitos, a cumplir con la nueva legislacion, razon por la cual el proposito de esta investigacion es analizar el efecto de la aplicacion de esta ley en una institucion bancaria en el marco de sus actividades diarias. La metodologia empleada corresponde a una cualitativa con un alcance de comprehension, la que se llevo a cabo realizando entrevistas al agente de sucursal, ejecutivo de cuentas, encargado de operaciones y personal de ventas de la institucion. El resultado del analisis indica que el Banco realiza procedimientos para prevenir, controlar y detectar el delito del lavado de dinero por medidas propias y no por el surgimiento de la ley, indicando que el efecto no es de importancia economica, ya que ellos invierten en seguridad del negocio por el riesgo que involucra, y a la vez cumplen con todas las obligaciones descritas en la ley, resguardando asi su imagen y seguridad.
Implementation of a modified multiple mini-interview method to assess non-cognitive qualities during resident candidate interviews.

Abstract Background and purpose Conventional onsite interview methods often make comparing applicants difficult. Literature has noted conventional interviews leave room for bias and high interrater variability, making non-cognitive attributes difficult to ascertain. In 2016, the residency committee of a small, multi-site, academic-based postgraduate year one residency program implemented a modified multiple mini-interview (MMI) approach as a component of the residency interview process to better qualify candidate attributes. Educational activity and setting A modified MMI was developed to address the non-cognitive attributes, ethical reasoning, communication, and professionalism. Scenarios, scripts, questions, and rubrics were developed by residency committee members. The author of the case was assigned to role play that scenario with candidates while other committee members silently observed. Candidates and residency committee members were surveyed to explore their perception of the MMI as a component of the residency interview process. Findings Thirty-one candidates have been interviewed since the incorporation of the modified MMI. Of those, 20 completed the post-interview survey. The majority of resident candidates (55%) completing the survey felt they were able to portray strengths and abilities more effectively vs. a conventional interview. Of the five residency committee members, all (100%) completed the survey and all (100%) perceived implementation of the modified MMI provided increased confidence in determining candidate ranking. Summary Implementation of a modified MMI approach to an onsite residency interview process assisted residency committee members in assessing non-cognitive attributes and contributed to greater confidence in determining resident candidate ranking.
Chapter 6 – Adaptive Filtering

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights adaptive filtering as implicated in system identification and noise cancellation system. In system identification system, the behavior of an unknown system is modeled by accessing its input and output. An adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter is used to adapt to the output of the unknown system based on the same input. The difference in the output of the system and the output of the adaptive FIR filter constitutes the error term, which is used to update the coefficients of the filter. A system for adaptive noise cancellation constitutes two inputs—, noise corrupted signal and a noise source. A desired signal is corrupted by a noise signal, which originates from a noise source signal. The original noise source signal is generally altered as it passes through an environment or channel whose characteristics are unknown.
Student writing and social justice education: lessons from one BSW writing workshop

Challenges associated with teaching and assessing writing are widespread in higher education. The adverse effects of failing to meet traditionally held standards for writing are felt disproportiona...
Physician’s interest to meet the sales rep and sample need: Implication to pharmaceutical detailing and sampling efforts

The pharmaceutical firms’ detailing and sampling effort of a new drug play an essential role for the success of the new drug launch. Their sales reps want to meet the physicians to introduce their ...
Spiritual Motivations to Practice Medicine: A Survey of Cancer Care Providers:

Background:There is increased interest in the role of spirituality in the cancer care context, but how it may inspire individuals to pursue a career as a healthcare provider is unknown. We sought t...
Apelin and Vasopressin: The Yin and Yang of Water Balance

Apelin, a (neuro)vasoactive peptide, plays a prominent role in controlling body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular functions. Experimental data performed in rodents have shown that apelin has an aquaretic effect via its central and renal actions. In the brain, apelin inhibits the phasic electrical activity of vasopressinergic neurons and the release of vasopressin from the posterior pituitary into the bloodstream and in the kidney, apelin regulates renal microcirculation and counteracts in the collecting duct, the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin occurring via the vasopressin receptor type 2. In humans and rodents, if plasma osmolality is increased by hypertonic saline infusion/water deprivation or decreased by water loading, plasma vasopressin and apelin are conversely regulated to maintain body fluid homeostasis. In patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, in which vasopressin hypersecretion leads to hyponatremia, the balance between apelin and vasopressin is significantly altered. In order to re-establish the correct balance, a metabolically stable apelin-17 analog, LIT01-196, was developed, to overcome the problem of the very short half-life (in the minute range) of apelin in vivo. In a rat experimental model of vasopressin-induced hyponatremia, subcutaneously (s.c.) administered LIT01-196 blocks the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin and the vasopressin-induced increase in urinary osmolality, and induces a progressive improvement in hyponatremia, suggesting that apelin receptor activation constitutes an original approach for hyponatremia treatment.
Quantification of Salmonella from porcine samples to identify potential critical control points in pre-harvest pork production

Currently there is a need for detailed enumeration data in the study of Salmonella. Enumeration of Salmonella is generally accomplished using the most probable number (MPN) technique. While generally accepted, the labor and media intensive nature of this technique discourages enumeration and limits the number of samples that can be enumerated. In an effort to reduce the labor associated with enumeration and to increase the number of samples that can be enumerated, a modified most probable number technique, termed the "RX tube", was designed and is evaluated in this paper. This technique includes commonly used media (modified semi-solid Rappaport-Vassiliadis agar, XLT4 agar, and tetrathionate broth) in a tube format. The RX tube was capable of detecting approximately 1 Salmonella cell for 18/21 strains. Using artificially contaminated fecal samples of a known Salmonella concentration there was a correlation of 0.97 between tryptic soy agar plate counts (TSA) and MPN, 0.95 between RX and TSA, and 0.95 between RX and MPN. When naturally contaminated samples were used, a correlation of 0.77 between RX and MPN results was found. Additionally, RX and MPN were found to be equivalent within a 0.5 log tolerance. Finally, the RX tube used approximately one-fourth of the labor required by MPN. The RX method appears to be equivalent with the MPN method and requires significantly less labor, making enumeration of Salmonella more feasible.
Major Field Achievement Test in Business: Guidelines for Improved Outcome Scores--Part I.

Outcomes measurements have always been an important part of proving to outside constituencies how you “measure up” to other schools with your business programs. A common nationallynormed exam that is used is the Major Field Achievement Test in Business from Educational Testing Services. Our paper discusses some guidelines that we are “pilot testing” to see if we can improve not only our lowest score, marketing majors in the finance area, but all of our overall outcome scores in the eight (8) segmented areas covered in the exam. If we are going to use the MFAT, let us try to make sure that the “input” from our students is the best we can get so that our “output” scores are truly meaningful.
Large low-symmetry polarons of the high-Tc copper oxides: Formation, mobility and ordering

Abstract A microscopic model of the evolution from antiferromagnetic insulator to superconductor on oxidation of the parent-phase (CuO 2 ) 2− sheets of a cuprate superconductor starts with the assumption that strong electron-lattice interactions are dominant and give a heterogeneous electronic distribution. Introduction of pseudo-Jahn-Teller vibronic coupling associated with the δ holes in the (CuO 2 ) (2−δ) − sheets is shown to stabilize, below a critical temperature T p ≈ 850 K, large non-adiabatic polarons containing 5 to 7 copper centers; cooperative low-symmetry in-plane vibrations also stabilize an elastic attractive force between polarons that can overcome the longer-range Coulomb repulsion between polarons. Utilizing established parameters for isolated CuO 6 complexes gives a calculated polaron size of 5 to 7 copper centers, which compares with a measured mean size of 5.3 copper centers in underdoped samples 0 δ ≤ 0.10. A large polaron is shown to move by a piece-wise tunneling of a fraction of itself across a peripheral CuO vibronic bond rather than by an activated hopping. This type of motion, which is not described by conventional transport theories, gives a linear increase of the resistivity with temperature above a temperature T ϱ due to scattering of the polaron at its own border, which separates regions inside and outside the polaron of slightly different mean CuO bond length. At lower temperatures, the polaron mobility becomes activated, but at higher concentrations this change is obscured because the elastic interpolaron attractive force causes the polarons to condense into a “polaron liquid,” and below some critical temperature T d ≥ T c the polarons undergo long-range ordering into one-dimensional 〈110〉 polaronic stripes separated by stripes of the parent phase, which support antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations. The zig-zag polaron stripes consist of polaron pairs oriented alternately along [100] and [010] axes of a CuO 2 sheet. Formation of the ordered superstructure permits conduction of hole pairs without scattering from lattice vibrations provided there is also coupling in the third dimension between CuO 2 sheets. The vibronic coupling introduces an anisotropic dispersion curve and superconductive gap for the states within the polarons, which lie within the energy gap between residual Hubbard-band states of the parent phase. The magnitude of the superconductive gap is determined by the elastic forces responsible for ordering the superstructure rather than by the energy of coupling of superconductive pairs.
p -HYDROXYMETHAMPHETAMINE ENANTIOMER PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM IN RATS: ABSENCE OF N-DEMETHYLATION

p -hydroxymethamphetamine (OHMAP) is one of the major metabolites of the widely abused drug methamphetamine (MAP). The demethylation of OHMAP to p -hydroxyamphetamine (OHAP) has been shown in vitro but has never been reported in vivo. The disposition kinetics as well as the metabolism of OHMAP was investigated employing a sensitive HPLC method which can separate the enantiomers of OHMAP and OHAP. Both conjugated and unconjugated forms of these compounds can be quantitated. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given an iv bolus of racemic OHMAP (20 mg kg−1) and serum and urine samples were collected at selected times. The serum concentration–time data for OHMAP enantiomers could be described by a biexponential equation. The clearance of D-OHMAP (93.5 mL min−1 kg−1) was slightly, but statistically significantly, greater than that of the L-enantiomer (83·9 mL min−1 kg−1). The steady-state volumes of distribution of L- and D-OHMAP were (mean ± SD) 3·15 ± 0·84 and 4·23 ± 1·76 L kg−1, respectively. No significant concentrations or amounts of OHAP enantiomers could be detected in any serum or urine sample. Rats excreted more unchanged L-OHMAP (34%) than D-OHMAP (29%). In contrast, more conjugated D-OHMAP (57%) was recovered compared to the conjugated L-OHMAP (52%). The results suggest that there is slight stereoselectivity in the disposition of OHMAP enantiomers. The N-demethylation product (OHAP) was not produced in vivo. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An axiomatic proof technique for parallel programs I

A language for parallel programming, with a primitive construct for synchronization and mutual exclusion, is presented. Hoare's deductive system for proving partial correctness of sequential programs is extended to include the parallelism described by the language. The proof method lends insight into how one should understand and present parallel programs. Examples are given using several of the standard problems in the literature. Methods for proving termination and the absence of deadlock are also given.
ELASTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING FROM 13C

Abstract : Cross sections for elastic scattering of electrons from the charge and magnetic distribution of 13C have been measured. The data, covering a range of q of 0.4 - 3.4 F sup (-1) are fitted by a phenomenological charge distribution. The difference between 12C and 13C is analyzed in terms of the change in parameters of the Woods-Saxom potential used in a shell model description of the nuclei. (Author)
Child care in the residential treatment of the borderline child

The concept of borderline diagnosis is defined and indications for residential treatment are delineated. Specific techniques for child care in group living are described. Channels of communication within the residential treatment home are clarified.
Middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms: an anatomic classification scheme for planning optimal surgical strategies.

BACKGROUND Changing landscapes in neurosurgical training and increasing use of endovascular therapy have led to decreasing exposure in open cerebrovascular neurosurgery. To ensure the effective transition of medical students into competent practitioners, new training paradigms must be developed. OBJECTIVE Using principles of pattern recognition, we created a classification scheme for middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms that allows their categorization into a small number of shape pattern groups. METHODS Angiographic data from patients with MCA aneurysms between 1995 and 2012 were used to construct 3-dimensional models. Models were then analyzed and compared objectively by assessing the relationship between the aneurysm sac, parent vessel, and branch vessels. Aneurysms were then grouped on the basis of the similarity of their shape patterns in such a way that the in-class similarities were maximized while the total number of categories was minimized. For each category, a proposed clip strategy was developed. RESULTS From the analysis of 61 MCA bifurcation aneurysms, 4 shape pattern categories were created that allowed the classification of 56 aneurysms (91.8%). The number of aneurysms allotted to each shape cluster was 10 (16.4%) in category 1, 24 (39.3%) in category 2, 7 (11.5%) in category 3, and 15 (24.6%) in category 4. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that through the use of anatomic visual cues, MCA bifurcation aneurysms can be grouped into a small number of shape patterns with an associated clip solution. Implementing these principles within current neurosurgery training paradigms can provide a tool that allows more efficient transition from novice to cerebrovascular expert.
On-line weld position control for fusion reactor welding

Abstract Infrared sensing techniques were investigated to assist remote welding systems to identify and correct weld-joint offsets in real time. During the welding process, the temperature distribution along a line normal to the joint and ahead of the arc was measured. A distinct drop in the measured temperature distribution was observed to coincide with a gap in the joints. In the temperature gradient profile, the gap was characterized by three changes in sign. The second change in sign of the temperature gradient profile was found to correspond to the gap center. The first and third changes in sign were found to coincide with the edges of the joint. These unique changes were used to successfully track curved contours of joints with a gap.
Hydrogen-Bonded and Physisorbed CO in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Bundles

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to study CO adsorption in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Evidence for adsorption in endohedral and groove/external surface sites is presented through displacement studies involving both CO and CO2. Blue-shifted CO stretching frequencies also indicate that CO hydrogen bonds to hydroxyl functionalities created on the nanotubes by acid purification steps. N2 surface area measurements are used to further understand the porosity of the nanotube samples and to help explain the spectroscopic results.
Sports newsgames: prediction, speculation, and accuracy

Sports videogames are increasingly used by sports news outlets for predicting the outcome of sports events. Player-less simulations of Super Bowls, World Cups, and individual games are executed by developers and journalists to attempt to gain insight into the upcoming event. This paper will build on the concept of a "documentary newsgame" positioning these simulations based on their journalistic use. Furthermore, by including players into the discussion the notion of an "accurate" simulation or model is problematized and the practice of sports speculation is reconfigured. This paper will look at the two differing conceptions of an accurate sports videogame simulation, that conceived of by the news media, and that generated by players of sports videogames. Looking at the intersection of these two simulative practices, we might ask how "accuracy" is differently qualified, and how sports journalism may be changing with the inclusion of predictive videogame based simulations.
Documentation of quality control and operator training at point-of-care testing: a College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study of 106 institutions.

Context.— Operator training, quality control, and proper follow-up for out-of-range quality control (QC) events are crucial steps that must be adequately performed and documented to ensure excellen...
Infants' Contribution to the Achievement of Joint Reference

This research examines whether infants actively contribute to the achievement of joint reference. One possibility is that infants tend to link a a label with whichever object they are focused on when they hear the label. If so, infants would make a mapping error when an adult labels a different object than the one occupying their focus. Alternatively, infants may be able to use a speaker's nonverbal cues (e.g., line of regard) to interpret the reference of novel labels. This ability would allow infants to avoid errors when adult labels conflict with infants' focus. 64 16-19-month-olds were taught new labels for novel toys in 2 situations. In follow-in labeling, the experimenter looked at and labeled a toy at which infants were already looking. In discrepant labeling, the experimenter looked at and labeled a different toy than the one occupying infants' focus. Infants' responses to subsequent comprehension questions revealed that they (a) successfully learned the labels introduced during follow-in labeling, and (b) displayed no tendency to make mapping errors after discrepant labeling. Thus infants of only 16 to 19 months understand that a speaker's nonverbal cues are relevant to the reference of object labels; they already can contribute to the social coordination involved in achieving joint reference.
A short synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranose and the corresponding alpha-glucosyl chloride from D-mannose.

2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose is a constituent of many biologically important glycoconjugates. Chemical syntheses of model compounds related to these substances require glycosyl donors which favor the formation of either 1,2-cis or 1,2-tram glycosidic linkages. Glycosyl donors derived from 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-ghrcose that show a P-directing effect in the glycosylation reaction are relatively easily accessible’; more difficult to obtain are their a-directing counterparts. The 2-azido glycosyl halide approach is the most useful means for the stereoselective synthesis ofthe a-glycosidic linkage in the aminosugar series. According to this strategy’, the nonparticipating azido group is positioned at C-2 of the requisite monosaccharide, which is then converted into a glycosyl halide. After glycosylation, the azido group can be readily converted into a 2-amino or 2-acylamino function. According to the existing method?‘, however, the preparation of the precursors of glycosyl halide derivatives of 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose is a tedious, multistep process. This, to a considerable extent, is because logical precursors such as the C-2 sulfonate derivatives of methyl cr-D-mannopyranoside do not undergo S,2 displacement reactions easily6,‘, and therefore cannot be used as intermediates to efficiently synthesize the corresponding 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose derivatives. If an efficient inversion of the D-WZaW’Z0 to D-g/uco configuration is to be achieved by the S,2 displacement of a suitable leaving group, then the reaction should be carried out with a (usually less accessible) derivative ofg-D-mannose7. Recent critical evaluation” of the available routes to the precursors of glycosyl halides of 2-azido-2-deoxyhexoses found the azidonitration method’ most advantageous. That procedure, however, requires resolution of a complex mixture of products by chromatography. This laboratory has recently reported’ that treatment of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyI_PD-mannopyranose (1) with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) afforded the corre-
Link observability without path enumeration: A revisit

In this paper we revisit the following link observability problem: Determine the smallest subset of links in a traffic network for counting sensor installation, in such a way that it becomes possible to infer the flows on all remaining links. While a solution methodology has already been proposed in the literature, unfortunately, path enumeration was required which is infeasible for large-scale networks. In this work, we present a reformulation of the link observability problem, requiring only node enumeration. Using this node-based approach, we prove a conjecture made in the literature by deriving an explicit relationship between the number of nodes and links in a transportation network, and the minimum number of sensors to install in order to be able to infer all link flows. Numerical results are reported and discussed.
A simple design for a rain-resistant pitfall trap

Heavy rain causes major problems with using pitfall traps to collect ants and other surface-active arthropods. A simple design for a rain-resistant pitfall trap is described. The trap is constructed by grinding a hole in the side of a plastic vial and then covering it with fine-gage wire screen. This hole allows excess water to drain out the side of the trap. A method for quickly setting small-diameter pitfalls into the ground with an auger and a battery-powered drill is also described.
Nulling Interferometry Progress

The field of nulling interferometry has seen significant progress over the past several years, in both the conceptual and experimental arenas. Deep, broadband nulling has been demonstrated at optical wavelengths, the techniques have seen initial implementation on telescopes, and the introduction of a symmetric beam-combiner concept has eliminated many of the residual obstacles. Here an overview is provided of promising techniques for effecting the deep cancellation of starlight, and recent results obtained with laboratory and astronomical nulling interferometers are discussed. The next step is the exploitation of nulling techniques at 8-10 m class separated-aperture telescope facilities, and in this vein, a brief overview of the architecture of the Keck Interferometer Nuller is also provided.
Electrochemical and enzymatic behavior of fibrinogen

Abstract Electrochemical studies suggest that fibrinogen takes part in anodic and cathodic charge transfer reactions at the metal-solution interface (platinum-K rebs solution). The enzymatic characteristics of the electrochemically treated (anodically and cathodically) blood coagulation protein were investigated thus : coagulability from thrombin time determinations, concentrations by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry and clottability of the protein were determined. The cathodic reaction yields a product which makes the protein less coagulable while the anodic product makes it hypercoagulable. There is no significant decrease in fibrinogen level as revealed by spectrophotometry. The cathodic or anodic product shows no change in the clottability of fibrinogen compared to control samples. Influence of these electrode reactions on the clotting times is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed. Also the electrolytic products are not autocatalytic like some of the blood coagulation enzyme reactions of the blood coagulation cascade. Addition of Ca2+ seems to inhibit both the anodic and cathodic reactions. Change of metal substrate (Au) has barely any influence on the anodic reaction. There is a small reduction in the extent of increase of clotting time of the cathodic product. But the evidence available does not indicate any electrocatalytic effect of the substrate metal. The increase in clotting time of the cathodic product can be due to saturation of some bonds in the fibrinogen molecule affecting the sites that are necessary for coagulation or due to ‘activation’ of plasminogen which accelerates the fibrinolytic system. The anodic reaction may lead to a breakage of some peptide bond (say release of A chain) or a modification in molecular structure to facilitate the thrombin action. Long term galvanostatic studies however lead to a significant pH change which is likely to cause some denaturation of the protein. Structural characterization of the product of the electrode reactions using the gel electrophoresis technique is being undertaken to throw more light on the lytic or other reactions, if any, induced by cathodic and anodic currents.
HIPS: Image processing under UNIX. Software and applications

HIPS (Human Information Processing Laboratory’s Image processing System) is a software system for image processing that runs under the UNIX operating system. HIPS is modular and flexible: it provides automatic documentation of its actions, and is relatively independent of special equipment. It has proved its usefulness in the study of the perception of American Sign Language (ASL). Here, we demonstrate some of its applications in the study of vision, and as a tool in general signal processing. Ten examples of HIPS-generated stimuli and—in some cases—analyses are provided, including the spatial filtering analysis of two types of visual illusions; the study of frequency channels with sine-wave gratings and band-limited noise; 3-dimensional perceptual reconstruction from 2-dimensional images in the kinetic depth effect; the perception of depth in random dot stereograms and cinematograms; and the perceptual segregation of objects induced by differential dot motion. Finally, examples of noise-masked, cartoon coded, and hierarchically encoded ASL images are provided.
LIDAR data processing for scalable compression

Compression of LIDAR point cloud offers many challenges to the signal processing community. Compression schemes must preserve both the numerical and geometrical aspects of the data, while dealing with the sparsely distributed threedimensional nature of it. Very few effective compression methods have been developed for this type of data, and only a handful of those methods offer the advantages of scalability. The focus of this research and development activity was to design and implement a series of preprocessing techniques that address the common obstacles found when pursuing scalable LIDAR point cloud compression. Three main areas being addressed are spatial scalability by means of effective indexing techniques; range reduction and redundancy exploitation; and resolution scalability by means of sub-band decomposition and sampling. These techniques will be combined with two different entropy encoding schemes –namely LZW and MQ encoding, yielding scalable 12:1 compression rates.
Novel strategy to identify MHC class II-promiscuous CD4+ peptides from tumor antigens for utilization in vaccination

Meeting abstracts Although cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTL) were historically considered primary effectors of antitumor immunity, solely boosting CTL responses with CD8 vaccines in various tumor types has yielded unpredictable clinical results, possibly because CTLs function suboptimally without
Thermoplastic Elastomer Monolayers Grafted to a Functionalized Silicon Surface

We fabricated a robust ultrathin film of a triblock copolymer, poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS), functionalized with 2% of maleic anhydride by melt/solution grafting to a chemically reactive silicon surface. We used epoxy-terminated self-assembling monolayers to functionalize silicon surface. The thickness of grafted block polymer, t, was varied from 1.35 to 9.1 nm to test the limits of stability of microphase-separated structures of the triblock copolymer tethered under confined conditions. Accordingly, the ratio t/d was changed from 0.05 to 0.33, where d is the interdomain spacing. The contact angle measurements demonstrated that the surface of the complete block copolymer films was totally occupied by poly[ethylene-co-butene] (PEB) chains. When the SEBS film thickness reached 8.4 nm, the film possessed the well-defined microphase structure of the typical thermoplastic elastomer material, where PS phase formed the microdomain network that reinforced the elastomeric matrix. The mic...
Partial purification of a substance from starfish tube feet which elicits escape responses in gastropod molluscs

Abstract Many species of gastropod molluscs along the California coast demonstrate escape responses when in the presence of, or contacted by, certain predatory starfish. The effectiveness of these responses in reducing predation by the ochre starfish. Pisaster ochraceus , and the sunflower starfish, Pycnopodia helianthoides , was considered by Feder (1963). Earlier work on gastropod responses to starfish was reported by Bullock (1953). Feder (1956) described preliminary efforts to characterize a substance responsible for gastropod escape reactions. However, the exact source and nature of this substance or substances remains to be resolved. This paper reports a series of observations and experiments on the isolation and characterization of the active substance in Pisaster ochraceus .
A probability distribution estimation based method for dynamic optimization

Engineering optimization of a highly nonlinear complex system is always a challenge methodologically and computationally. This is especially true when multistage dynamic optimization is involved. While significant progress has been made in rigorous deterministic algorithms for dynamic optimization, meta-heuristic-based optimization may offer an attractive alternative. This paper introduces a general mathematical framework, called the Population-based Probability Distribution Estimation (PPDE) method, for tackling constrained multistage complex process dynamic optimization problems. Solution identification is accomplished through probability distribution estimation based search in a continuous space, where special solution migration and penalty assignment techniques are integrated. Besides an optimal parameter estimation problem for a reactor system, an automotive coating curing optimization problem is also investigated, where the PPDE successfully minimizes oven energy consumption under various process/product constraints. Optimization results demonstrate superiorities of the method over the Ant Colony System (ACS) based dynamic optimization method. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Science gateway security recommendations

A science gateway is a web portal that provides a convenient interface to data and applications in support of a research community. Standard security concerns apply to science gateways, including confidentiality of pre-publication research data, integrity of research results, and availability of services provided to researchers. In this paper we identify existing science gateway security recommendations and provide our own perspective.