cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disturbances and Eddy Fluxes in Southern Hemisphere Flows: Linear Theory

Abstract The instability characteristics of Southern Hemisphere zonally averaged flows are studied for January, May and August basic states in a spherical, inviscid, adiabatic, quasi-geostrophic multilevel model. The growing disturbances may have considerably more complex growth rate curves, structures and momentum and heat fluxes than found for idealized single jet and Northern Hemisphere flows. For August, the largest growth rate occurs at the largest zonal wavenumber studied (m = 16), while for January and May it occurs at a more conventional intermediate value (m = 10). The modes for January have many properties in common with modes found with idealized single jet basic states, but in addition to eastward-propagating disturbances long-wave westward propagating disturbances occur. For May and August, the presence of both the subtropical and polar jets is felt by the eastward-propagating disturbances. Some of these grow primarily on one jet or the other, while other modes have two maxima of the disturba...
Health-related quality of life : Return to baseline after major and minor liver resection

Background Assessment of quality of life (QOL) after a major operation has become increasingly pertinent to patient care and may be as important as long-term survival in cancer patients. No current study has evaluated the long-term quality-of-life effects or the time to return to baseline quality of life in oncology patients undergoing hepatic resection for cancer. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate that the time to return to baseline QOL after major and minor hepatectomy is similar to other major abdominal operations. Methods A prospective study of 32 patients with malignant liver tumors completed the FACT-Hep, FACT-FHSI-8, EORTC QLQ-C30, Profile of Mood States, EORTC QLQ-Pan26, and Global Rating Scale at the time of consent, discharge, first postoperative visit, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Results Twenty-four patients underwent major (>2 segments) and 8 minor hepatectomy. Patients who underwent major hepatectomy demonstrated a significant loss in FACT-physical and functional scores at first postoperative visit and 6 weeks (P = .04) with return to baseline at 3 months. Similar nadir in all quality-of-life assessment scores were observed for POMS, EORTC QLQ-C30, FHSI-8, and certain global rating scales at 6 weeks, with a return to baseline at 3 months. For minor hepatectomy, the nadir for most quality-of-life scores occurred at the first postoperative visit with a return to baseline at 6 weeks. Conclusion Patients undergoing major hepatectomy return to their baseline quality of life at 3 months with a progressive and sustained increase in physical, emotional, and global rating scale at 6 months. This study is the first one to demonstrate that major hepatectomy can be performed with short-term adverse QOL effects and long-term improvements in overall QOL.
Efficient calculation of transient fields in multilayered media

A scheme for computing fields radiated by transient sources residing above a grounded multilayered medium is proposed. First, the causality trick is invoked to obtain a new representation of the field excited by transient sources. Second, starting from this representation, a novel approach to rapidly computing this field assuming that the mutilayered stack is electrically thin, is developed. Third, the approach is applied to the accelerated calculation of multilayered transient fields.
Mg II Absorber Number Density at z ≃ 0.05: Implications for ΩDLA Evolution*

An unbiased sample of 147 quasar/active galactic nuclei spectra, obtained with the Faint Object Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope, has been searched for intervening Mg II ??2796, 2803 absorbers over the redshift range 0 < z ? 0.15. The total redshift path searched is 18.8, with the survey being 80% complete to a 5 ? rest-frame equivalent width Wr(?2796) of 0.6 ? and 20% complete to Wr(?2796) = 0.3 ?. Main results of this work are the following: (1) Four systems were found, with a mean redshift of z = 0.06, yielding a redshift number density dN/dz = 0.22 for absorbers with Wr(?2796) ? 0.6 ?. This is consistent with the value expected if these systems do not evolve from higher redshifts (z = 2.2). (2) No systems with Wr(?2796) < 0.6 ? were found. Based on no evolution expectations and accounting for the survey completeness, it is a 2 ? result to have a null detection of smaller Wr(?2796) systems. If this implies a turnover in the low Wr(?2796) region of the equivalent width distribution at z ~ 0, then there is at least a 25% reduction in the average galaxy gas cross section from z ? 0.2 galaxies. (3) These systems have strong Fe II absorption and, based on the results of Rao & Turnshek, are good candidates for damped Ly? absorbers (DLAs). This translates to a redshift number density of dN/dz = 0.08 for DLAs at z ~ 0. In tandem with the data analyzed by Rao & Turnshek, these results indicate that the redshift number density of DLAs does not evolve from z 4 to z 0. If the H I mass function does not evolve from z 0.5 to z 0, then the cosmological H I mass density ?DLA is also deduced so as to not evolve from z 4 to z 0. These z 0 results for Mg II absorption-selected DLAs are at odds with those based on 21 cm emission from H I galaxies by a factor of 5-6.
Characterisation of thin surface films on germanium in various solvents by ellipsometry

Ellipsometric techniques were used to investigate the thin films that formed on cleaved germanium samples in air, deionised water, and 30% hydrogen peroxide. In all three cases the films were less than 100 A in thickness. The films formed in air and water had a refractive index of 1.63±0.02 which is close to that of glassy GeO2. An increase of refractive index to about 1.74 was observed when the samples were immersed in a solution of 30% H2O2. The thickness of this film (18A) remained relatively constant in a period of 5 min to 6 h. The film is attributed to a layer of Ge(OH)22+ surface complexes, and a thick reaction envelope of metagermanic acid (H2GeO3). After rinsing surfaces covered with glassy GeO2 with a 48% HF solution, the original oxide was removed; however, within 5 min a 50A thick film of glassy GeO2 had formed.
Air embolism complicating percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung.

Radiographically and pathologically documented air embolism occurred following percutaneous needle aspiration of the lung. While air embolism is uncommon, it is more likely to occur when the needle is inserted into a rigid portion of the lung as occurs with extensive consolidation, abscess formation, or extensive pleural disease.
SHEAR RATE DEPENDENCE OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AND ITS EFFECT ON HEAT TRANSFER IN A NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW SYSTEM

The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which the thermal conductivity of non-Newtonian fluids is affected by fluid motion, and then the effect of this shear-rate-dependent thermal conductivity, measured in Lee [1995], on the heat transfer for a typical convective system. Such information would have important implications in the design and analysis of non-Newtonian thermal systems such as are found in food processing operations, polymer processing, paint manufacturing, biological systems and many others. A simple parallel plate flow model with temperature-independent properties gave increases in heat transfer on the order of 30–80 % compared to the heat transfer with shear-rate-independent thermal conductivity in Newtonian fluid flow over the entire temperature range (20–50 °C) of CMC solutions depending on the inlet average velocity due to the effect of the shear-rate-dependent thermal conductivity.
Amplifier and Driver Circuits for Thin Film Memories with 15 Nanoseconds Read Cycle Time

Amplifier and driver circuit design principles for an experimental 4608-bit nondestructive thin film memory with 13.5-nsec read and 60-nsec write cycle times are given. The bit noise problems inherent in the common bit sense line concept are solved by using tunnel diodes in a nonlinear balancing circuit. A further improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio is achieved by employing a noise resistant sense amplifier with nonlinear negative feedback. The word driver described is capable of delivering 700 ma pulse amplitude at 50 mc repetition rate at a pulse width of 7 nsec.
Probabilistic potential theory applied to electrical engineering problems

The mathematical equivalence between a potential satisfying a deterministic Laplace-type equation within a closed region and a certain probability associated with a particle exercising Brownian motion is described. Two methods are outlined for obtaining a potential by Brownian motion, the usual Monte Carlo method and a "number-diffusion" process. Two probabilistic solutions of Poisson's equation are described. The number-diffusion process with complex diffusion coefficients is applied to a lumped linear electrical network under sinusoidal excitation, for computation of complex voltages. The node equations of a general network are interpreted probabilistically for transient behavior, and computations for a particular case verify the theory. The computation efficiencies (as measured by computing time) of both Monte Carlo and number-diffusion calculations of a potential are compared to the efficiency of matrix manipulation. It is shown how the probabilistic computations at sparse space-time points on a grid of a large number of points in two or three space dimensions may require orders of magnitude less time than for matrix solution, as well as less storage space. Probabilistic solutions of the wave equation for a finite lossy transmission line sinusoidally excited are shown to converge accurately only if |1 + ½(γΔx)2| > 1 (exp ± γx spacial variation of the natural waves). Then the numerical convergence of the number-diffusion algorithm is examined for various equations and sufficient conditions derived for that convergence.
New Directions for Research on Intimate Partner Violence and Children

This article provides an overview to the Special Section in this issue on intimate partner violence (IPV) and children. The argument is made that the field needs to pay more attention to issues of theory, definitions, and methodology. The contributors to the Special Section each make a unique contribution to one of these topics. Their articles document that increased focus on definition and theory, methodologies involving laboratory studies, data collection at multiple time-points, person-oriented approaches, and diverse samples of children exposed to IPV will begin to increase the research sophistication of the field. We argue that the field needs comparability of definitions for the same/similar phenomena under investigation, more sophisticated, testable hypotheses, a better understanding of the short- and long-term consequences of exposure to IPV, and, finally, a more refined picture of the mechanisms by which exposure to IPV affects particular children.
The Class III Kinase Vps34 Promotes T Lymphocyte Survival through Regulating IL-7Rα Surface Expression

IL-7Rα-mediated signals are essential for naive T lymphocyte survival. Recent studies show that IL-7Rα is internalized and either recycled to cell surface or degraded. However, how the intracellular process of IL-7Rα trafficking is regulated is unclear. In this paper, we show that Vps34, the class III PI3K, plays a critical role in proper IL-7Rα intracellular trafficking. Mice lacking Vps34 in T lymphocytes had a severely reduced T lymphocyte compartment. Vps34-deficient T lymphocytes exhibit increased death and reduced IL-7Rα surface expression, although three major forms of autophagy remain intact. Intracellular IL-7Rα in normal T lymphocytes at steady state is trafficked through either early endosome/multivesicular bodies to the late endosome-Golgi for surface expression or to the lysosome for degradation. However, Vps34-deficient T cells have mislocalized intracellular Eea1, HGF-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate, and Vps36 protein levels, the combined consequence of which is the inability to mobilize internalized IL-7Rα into the retromer pathway for surface display. Our studies reveal that Vps34, though dispensable for autophagy induction, is a critical regulator of naive T cell homeostasis, modulating IL-7Rα trafficking, signaling, and recycling.
Managing quality in online education: A conceptual model for program development and improvement

There is near universal agreement that in order for online programs in higher education to be viewed as legitimate and valuable, high quality needs to be assured. In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive conceptual framework which identifies the features, benchmarks and institutional practices which underscore high quality in a fully-online degree program. The model, subject to empirical testing, suggests a useful approach for developing and improving online programs.
Motion planning for steep hill climbing

The motors or engines of an autonomous ground vehicles (AGV) have torque and power limitations, which limit their abilities to climb steep hills, which are defined to be hills that have high grade sections in which the vehicle is forced to decelerate. Traversal of a steep hill requires the vehicle to have sufficient momentum before entering the hill. This problem is part of a larger class of momentum-based motion planning problems such as the problem of lifting heavy objects with manipulators. Hence, solutions to the steep hill climbing problem have much wider applicability. The motion planning here is accomplished using a dynamic model of the skid-steered AGV used in the experiments along with Sampling Based Model Predictive Control (SBMPC), a recently developed input sampling planning algorithm that may be viewed as a generalization of LPA* to the direct use of kinodynamic models. The motion planning is demonstrated experimentally using two scenarios, one in which the robot starts at rest at the bottom of a hill and one in which the robot starts at rest a distance from the hill. The first scenario requires the AGV to first reverse direction so that the vehicle can gather enough momentum before reaching the hill. This corresponds to having the vehicle begin at a local minimum, which results in a problem that many traditional model predictive control methods cannot solve. It is seen that, whereas open loop trajectories can lead to vehicle immobilization, SBMPC successfully uses the information provided by the dynamic model to ensure that the AGV has the requisite momentum.
Design and implementation of a fast virtual channel establishment method for ATM networks

A description is given of NoW, a method for virtual channel connection (VCC) establishment in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks in which a source sends the VCC establishment request message on the channel it wishes to establish (i.e. no signaling channel is used) and can then immediately send data over the channel. A key point of departure from other methods is that some identifiers for virtual channels include the address of the VCC destination endpoint. Analytical and simulation results that provide evidence of the applicability of the method are described. A software implementation for the Blanca/Xunet 2 environment is also described. Under the present implementation, VCC establishment takes 330 mu s per intermediate node. Design modifications to the Xunet 2 hardware that allow VCC establishment (and teardown) to be performed in the time it takes a single cell to flow through an intermediate node are described. >
Supervised design space exploration by compositional approximation of Pareto sets

Technology scaling allows the integration of billions of transistors on the same die but CAD tools struggle in keeping up with the increasing design complexity. Design productivity for multi-core SoCs increasingly depends on creating and maintaining reusable components and hierarchically combining them to form larger composite cores. Characterizing such composite cores with respect to their power/performance tradeoffs is critical for design reuse across various products and relies heavily on synthesis tools. We present CAPS, an online adaptive algorithm that efficiently explores the design space of any given core and returns an accurate characterization of its implementation tradeoffs in terms of an approximate Pareto set. It does so by supervising the order of the time-consuming logic-synthesis runs on the core's components. Our algorithm can provably achieve the desired precision on the approximation in the shortest possible time, without having any a-priori information on any component. We also show that, in practice, CAPS works even better than what is guaranteed by the theory.
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid (NANA) Stimulates in situ cyclic AMP Production in Tentacles of Sea Anemone (Aiptasia pallida): Possible Role in Chemosensitization of Nematocyst Discharge

Cnidocytes, the stinging cells of cnidarians, optimally discharge nematocysts in response to combined physical contact and stimulation of specific chemoreceptors. In the tentacles of certain sea anemones, the primary chemoreceptors bind N-acetylated sugars, such as N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA). Sensitization with NANA predisposes contact-sensitive mechanoreceptors (CSMs) to trigger discharge in response to physical contact. In the ectoderm of sea anemone tentacles, cnidocyte/supporting cell complexes (CSCCs) control and trigger nematocyst discharge. Previous findings have implicated cyclic AMP (cAMP) as a second messenger in NANA-sensitized nematocyst discharge. However, no reports have directly demonstrated that the cAMP content of tentacles changes in response to NANA stimulation. We now show that NANA elevates in situ cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner in the ectoderm of tentacles from the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida. However, the endoderm of tentacles shows no detectable cAMP response to NANA. The effect of NANA on the cAMP content of the ectoderm is biphasic. Micromolar NANA increases the in situ cAMP level, with a maximal response occurring at 1.8x10(-5)mol x l(-1) NANA. At higher NANA concentrations, the cAMP content decreases to that of controls. Because the cAMP dose/response curve to NANA coincides precisely with the dose/response curves of NANA-sensitized nematocyst discharge and nematocyst-mediated adhesive force, a second-messenger role for cAMP in NANA-sensitized nematocyst discharge is strongly suggested. The addition of isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) to the medium with sea anemones increases tissue cAMP levels both in the absence and in the presence of NANA. However, anesthetizing anemones in sea water containing high levels of Mg(2+) blocks the NANA-stimulated cAMP response of the ectoderm. In addition, our results suggest that NANA-stimulated cAMP may activate endogenous cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in broken cell preparations of tentacles. Thus, NANA-stimulated cAMP may function as a second messenger in the NANA chemosensory signaling pathway controlling nematocyst discharge.
Finite element analysis of doubly curved conformal antennas with material overlays

The analysis of doubly curved conformal antennas with dielectric overlays is a challenging problem because there exist only a few geometries for which a closed form expression for the Green's function exists. Further, even when the Green's function is available, the presence of material overlays complicates the implementation of the moment method technique making it nearly impractical. To avoid use of the Green's function, in this paper we present a finite element artificial absorber technique in which the near field of the antenna is modeled by the finite element method and the mesh is terminated using an artificial absorber. The latter is placed only a fraction of a wavelength away from the antenna but nevertheless it is shown that the antenna parameters can still be computed accurately.
Quantitative ultrasound assessment of the rat cervix.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to detect cervical ripening with a new quantitative ultrasound technique. METHODS Cervices of 13 nonpregnant and 65 timed pregnant (days 15, 17, 19, 20, and 21 of pregnancy) Sprague Dawley rats were scanned ex vivo with a 70-MHz ultrasound transducer. Ultrasound scatterer property estimates (scatterer diameter [SD], acoustic concentration [AC], and scatterer strength factor [SSF]) from the cervices were quantified and then compared to hydroxyproline and water content. Insertion loss (attenuation) was measured in 3 rats in each of the 6 groups. Discriminant analysis was used to predict gestational age group (cervical ripening) from the ultrasound variables SD, SSF, and AC. RESULTS Differences were observed between the groups (SD, AC, and SSF; P < .0001). Quantitative ultrasound measures changed as the cervix ripened: (1) SD increased from days 15 to 21; (2) AC decreased from days 15 to 21; and (3) SSF was the greatest in the nonpregnant group and the least in the day 21 group. Cervix hydroxyproline content increased as pregnancy progressed (P < .003) and correlated with group, SD, AC, and SSF (P < .001). Discriminant analysis of ultrasound variables predicted 56.4% of gestational group assignment (P < .001) and increased to 77% within 2 days of the predicted analysis. Cervix insertion loss was greatest for the nonpregnant group and least for the day 21 group. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative ultrasound predicted cervical ripening in the rat cervix, but before use in humans, quantitative ultrasound will need to predict gestational age in the later days of gestation with more precision.
Stress Response and Virulence Functions of the Acinetobacter baumannii NfuA Fe-S Scaffold Protein

To successfully establish an infection, Acinetobacter baumannii must overcome the iron starvation and oxidative stress imposed by the human host. Although previous studies have shown that ATCC 19606(T) cells acquire iron via the acinetobactin-mediated siderophore system, little is known about intracellular iron metabolism and its relation to oxidative stress in this pathogen. Screening of an insertion library resulted in the isolation of the ATCC 19606(T) derivative 1644, which was unable to grow in iron-chelated media. Rescue cloning and DNA sequencing showed that the insertion inactivated a gene coding for an NfuA Fe-S cluster protein ortholog, without any effect on the expression of the acinetobactin system. The nfuA mutant was also more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide than the parental strain. The iron chelation- and oxidative-stress-deficient responses of this mutant were corrected when complemented with either the ATCC 19606(T) parental allele or the Escherichia coli MG1655 nfuA ortholog. Furthermore, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analyses showed that the ATCC 19606(T) NfuA ortholog has iron-binding properties compatible with the formation of [Fe-S] cluster protein. Ex vivo and in vivo assays using human epithelial cells and Galleria mellonella, respectively, showed that NfuA is critical for bacterial growth independent of their capacity to acquire iron or the presence of excess of free iron. Taken together, these observations indicate that the A. baumannii NfuA ortholog plays a role in intracellular iron utilization and protection from oxidative-stress responses that this pathogen could encounter during the infection of the human host.
The growth and characterization of room temperature ferromagnetic wideband-gap materials for spintronic applications

Wide-bandgap dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS), such as transition-metal doped ZnO and GaN, have gained attention for use in spintronic devices because of predictions and experimental reports of room temperature ferromagnetism which may enable their use in spintronic devices. However, there has been some debate over the source of ferromagnetism in these materials. This paper focuses on the high quality growth of wide bandgap DMS, and the characterization of Zn1-xMnxO produced by melt-growth techniques and Ga1-xMnxN grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). High resolution X-ray diffraction results revealed no second phases in either the ZnO crystals or the GaN films. Undoped as-grown, bulk crystals of Zn1-xMnxO and Zn1-xCoxO crystals are shown to be paramagnetic at all temperatures. In contrast, the Ga1-xMnxN films showed ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature under optimum growth conditions. Experimental identification of the Mn ion charge state and the presence of bands in the bandgap of GaN are investigated by optical spectroscopy and electron spin paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It is shown that the broadening of states in the Mn 3d shell scaled with Mn concentration, and that optical transitions due to this band correlated with the strong ferromagnetism in these samples. However, this band disappeared with an increase in free electron concentration provided by either annealing or doping. Raman studies of Ga1-xMnxN revealed two predominant Mn-related modes featured with increasing concentration, a broad disorder related structure at 300cm-1 and a sharper peak at 669cm-1 This works show that the development of practical ferromagnetic wide bandgap DMS materials for spintronic applications will require both the lattice site introduction of Mn as well as careful control of the background defect concentration to optimize these materials.
Current treatment options for adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia

The clinical management of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been challenging primarily due to the aggressive nature of the disease and limited effective treatment options. The outcome for patients who receive conventional chemotherapy alone is poor, with remission duration of around 12 months and disease-free survival (DFS) rates of not more than 10%. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) has been the only known curative treatment option, but is limited by the availability of a matched donor and the risk of treatment-related mortality. Given the role of BCR-ABL in the leukemogenesis of Ph+ ALL, current treatments have focused on inhibition of this oncogenic tyrosine kinase. Early studies demonstrate that the use of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), imatinib, before alloSCT results in improved response rates and DFS when combined with standard chemotherapy regimens. Remission duration also is improved when combination chemotherapy and imatinib are administered intensively, even in the absence of allogeneic stem cell transplant. However, resistant disease remains an important problem, and the mechanisms underlying resistance in Ph+ ALL are multifactorial. Novel TKIs are currently under development and are effective in some patients with imatinib-resistant disease. The dual BCR-ABL/SRC family kinase inhibitor, dasatinib, has shown promising activity in the treatment of Ph+ ALL after imatinib failure and has recently been approved in this indication. Other TKI-based therapies are also showing potential in imatinib-resistant disease. This article reviews current and emerging treatments in Ph+ ALL.
Thermosonic flip-chip bonding using longitudinal ultrasonic vibration

Flip-chip assembly is an important technology for first level electronic packaging. Among different assembly approaches, thermosonic bonding is becoming an attractive choice because it is cost-effective. To increase the bonding capability for high input/output (I/O) assembly, a novel longitudinal bonding system was developed in this study. This bonding system has two advantages over the transverse bonding system: it overcomes the planarity problem and simplifies bonding tool configuration. During the development, an end-effector was designed with rigorous considerations of ultrasonic wave propagation, bonding force and co-planarity between the chip holder and hot stage. The bonding system was then characterized to make sure that it is suitable for flip-chip assembly. This bonding technology was proven successful by mechanical bonding tests as well as a functional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor/static random access memory (CMOS/SRAM) module demonstration. During the bonding process, the chip is under longitudinal ultrasonic "hammering." However, there is no apparent damage because the impact stress is low due to the low ultrasonic vibration amplitude.
Corn residue stocking rate affects cattle performance but not subsequent grain yield.

This study investigated effects of stocking rate on cattle performance, quality and quantity of corn residue, and impact of residue removal on grain yield for 5 yr at the University of Nebraska - Lincoln West Central Water Resources Field Laboratory near Brule, NE. Four removal treatments-1) no removal (control), 2) grazing at 2.5 animal unit month (AUM)/ha, 3) grazing at 5.0 AUM/ha, and 4) baling-were applied to a center pivot-irrigated corn field (53 ha). The field was divided into eight 6.6-ha paddocks to which replicated treatments were assigned. Samples of residue were collected in October and March (before and after residue removal) using ten 0.5-m quadrats per treatment replication. Residue was separated into 5 plant parts-stem, cob, leaf, husk, and grain-and analyzed for nutrient content. Esophageally fistulated cattle were used to measure diet quality. Cattle assigned to the 2.5 AUM/ha stocking rate treatment gained more BW ( 0.69) between sampling dates. Amount of total residue was reduced ( 0.05) in control paddocks between sampling dates. As a proportion of the total residue, stem increased ( < 0.01) and husk decreased ( < 0.01) between October and March. Diet CP content was similar ( = 0.10) between sampling dates for the 2 grazing treatments but IVOMD was greater after grazing in the 2.5 AUM/ha grazing treatment ( = 0.04). Subsequent grain yields were not different ( = 0.16) across all 4 residue removal treatments. At the proper stocking rate, corn residue grazing results in acceptable animal performance without negatively impacting subsequent corn grain production.
Electronic energy-band structure of α quartz

The electronic energy bands of silicon dioxide in the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-quartz structure have been calculated at several p\^oints of high symmetry in the Brillouin zone by the mixed-basis method. A tight-binding interpolation scheme has been used to determine complete valence bands and their state densities. The results are compared with experiment and with calculations on the higher-symmetry $\ensuremath{\beta}$-cristobalite. The quartz and cristobalite bands share many properties; for example, in both cases the optical-absorption edge is predicted to be direct but forbidden. These results are in partial agreement with pseudopotential calculations by Chelikowsky and Schluter (CS). The major disagreements are that CS predict an indirect absorption edge, and their conduction bands are much wider than ours. Possible reasons for these disagreements are suggested.
Face Your Problem Subordinates Now

A sk any manager the question, "Do you have problem subordinates?" and the reply is generally an emphatic "Yes!" ora more cynical "You must be kidding!" If there is one universal truth about managers, it is that all of them have problem subordinates. If there is a second truth, it is that the stories they have to tell about these subordinates often reflect a good deal of disparagement and despair. Here are a few typical tales of woe:
Improved in vivo efficacy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes after restimulation with irradiated tumor cells in vitro

Background: We investigated different culture conditions for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with regard to proliferation, phenotypic changes, in vitro cytotoxicity, and in vivo therapeutic efficacy. Methods: After enzymatic digestion of the murine fibrosarcoma, MCA-105, TIL cultures were initiated as pure lymphocyte (groups 1 and 2) or mixed lymphocyte/tumor suspensions (groups 3 and 4). Group 1 TILs were grown in culture medium containing 100 IU/ml recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). Group 2 TILs were stimulated with solid-phase anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) for 48 h and cultured in rIL-2 (100 IU/ml)-containing medium. Group 3, which consisted initially of a surplus of tumor cells, received the same treatment as group 2. Group 4 was also activated with anti-CD3 mAb and rIL-2 but was additionally restimulated weekly with irradiated tumor cells (TILs to tumor, 20:1). Results: Groups 1 and 2 showed up to twofold higher increases in TIL numbers compared with groups 3 and 4 by the end of culture week 5. Although the original lymphocyte/tumor cell suspension consisted of 12.0 ± 3.8% CD4+ T cells and 5.3 ± 3.3% CD8+ T cells, all four TIL cultures showed ∼80% CD8+ TILs and no CD4+ TILs by the end of culture week 4. In vitro cytotoxicity did not correlate with in vivo efficacy of the examined TIL cultures. By using the MCA-105 pulmonary metastases model in C57BL/6 mice, only suboptimal doses of TILs (2 × 106) from group 4, which had been restimulated weekly with irradiated tumor, showed significant tumor eradication compared with all other treatment groups (p<0.01). Conclusions: We conclude that in vitro tumor restimulation of TILs improves in vivo efficacy, most likely through the education of tumor-reactive T cells.
A Case of Multiple Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in a Patient with Cholangiocarcinoma and Initiation of Anticoagulation Therapy for Secondary Stroke Prevention (P4.342)

OBJECTIVE: To describe an unique case of multiple recurrent ischemic stroke without systemic thromboembolism in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma, and shed a light to initiation of anticoagulation therapy for secondary stroke prevention in caner associated stroke. BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer have a substantial risk of ischemic stroke and other types of thromboembolism. The events of cancer associated ischemic stroke have been described , but the underlying mechanisms are not well known. There are no current guidelines for prevention and treatment for cancer associated stroke, and initiation of anticoagulation therapy for secondary stroke prevention in such a circumstance remains controversial. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report RESULTS:A 52 year old woman with history of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, on Gemcitabine and Cisplatin, presented with left side weakness and dysarthria. Initial brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed bilateral middle cerebral and left posterior inferior cerebellar embolic strokes. On hospital day 2, She developed worsening left side weakness with brain MRI showed a new right parasagittal infarct. On hospital day 5, she had worsening dysarthria, and subsequent MRI revealed two foci of new infarcts in the body of corpus callosum and in the right cerebellum respectively. Stroke workup including angiography of head and neck were unremarkable, echocardiogram showed moderate hypokinesis in anterior septal wall with left ventricular ejection fraction of 40[percnt], no evidence of cardiac thrombus or patent foramen ovale. Hypercoagulable work up was unrevealing. Given multiple episodes of recurrent stroke in such a short term, anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin ( Enoxaparin ) was initiated for stroke prevention and to avoid further debilitating events. She was discharged to acute rehab facility afterwards. CONCLUSIONS: Initiation of anticoagulation therapy and the optimal medications for secondary stroke prevention in cancer associated stroke remain controversial. Further randomized prospective studies are needed to establish treatment guidelines. Disclosure: Dr. Cheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Then has nothing to disclose.
Behavioral Interventions in Six Dimensions of Wellness That Protect the Cognitive Health of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Objectives To systematically identify, appraise, and summarize research on the effects of behavioral interventions to prevent cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults using a holistic wellness framework. Design Systematic review of randomized controlled trials that tested the effectiveness of behavioral interventions within each of the six dimensions of wellness: occupational, social, intellectual, physical, emotional and spiritual. Databases searched included PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ALOIS, and The Grey Literature Report through July 1, 2014. Setting Community. Participants Individuals aged 60 and older (N = 6,254). Measurements Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Checklist. Results Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions in the physical dimension of wellness were most common (11 studies); interventions in the spiritual dimension were least common (0 studies). Fifty-nine different measures were used to measure multiple cognitive domains, with memory being the most commonly measured (17 studies) and language being the least commonly measured (5 studies). Fifty percent of the interventions examined in the 18 studies demonstrated statistically significant outcomes on at least one cognitive measure. Interventions in the intellectual dimension that examined cognitively stimulating activities using pen and paper or a computer represented the greatest percentage of statistically significant outcomes. Conclusion Intellectual and physical interventions were most studied, with varied results. Future research is needed using more-consistent methods to measure cognition. Researchers should include the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery among measurement tools to facilitate effective data harmonization, pooling, and comparison.
Women and stress.

This review focused on published research reports that explored the association between stress and women's health and illness. Because of the vastness of the literature, the review was limited to three conceptual areas. The first included those studying the association between stress and illness. Most were correlational in design, thus lacking the power to support assertions of a cause-and-effect relationship. The second focused on studies of the psychophysiology of stress. These studies provide nurse scientists and clinicians with insights into the underlying pathology of stress. When paired with behavioral measures, these studies provide a window into brain mechanisms involved in mind/body interactions. The third conceptual area included those studies of stress reduction therapies to influence health and illness. These studies have yielded a mighty arsenal of interventions that may be used to reduce distress.
Arsenic Silylamide: An Effective Precursor for Arsenide Semiconductor Nanocrystal Synthesis

The synthesis of metal arsenide semiconductor nanocrystals is challenging compared to other conventional materials (e.g., II–VI family CdSe) due to a high degree of covalency in crystal lattice and a lack of a variety of effective pnictide precursors. We reported here the use of [(Me3Si)2N]2AsCl (“arsenic silylamide”) to synthesize a variety of binary and tertiary quantum confined species such as InAs (III–V), Cd3As2 (II–V), and Cu3AsS4 (enargite, I3–V–VI4) nanocrystals. The physical properties of this reagent resolve many issues, especially concerning safety, with other precursors such as pyrophoric (TMS)3As and highly toxic AsH3 gas. Furthermore, usage of this reagent has allowed for the realization of enargite quantum rods for the first time. The role of arsenic silylamide in the reaction mechanism to form InAs has been elucidated with a combination of NMR spectroscopy as well as quantum chemical modeling. Cd3As2 and Cu3AsS4 nanostructures form via a diffusion mechanism.
Genomic and Evolutionary Insights into Chordate Origins

Abstract Hemichordates are the sister group to echinoderms, not chordates. Phylogenomics suggest that the tunicates are the sister group to vertebrates, while lancelets are more distantly related to vertebrates. Hox genes are expressed in an anterior to posterior manner in hemichordates and chordates. Tunicates have lost the middle Hox genes and show rather different tissue expression patterns. Echinoderms have a rearranged Hox cluster and show limited co-linearity of expression in the somatapleura. Pharyngeal gill slits in hemichordates and chordates are homologous. Pharyngeal gill bars develop similarly in hemichordates and lancelets, but differ from vertebrates in that they are acellular and endodermal in origin. Post-anal tails and endostyles in hemichordates and chordates are likely to be homologous. Chordates specify neural and non-neural ectoderm, while all ectoderm is neural in hemichordates. Hemichordates make a dorsal neural tube in their neck region. Recent gene expression data suggest the stomochord may be the notochord homolog in hemichordates. Tunicates contain migratory cells that develop into pigment cells, so may contain neural crest cells. Tunicates also have sensory placodes, and form a secondary anus after metamorphosis, so the excurrent siphon develops from the otic placode.
The Transport, Assembly, and Function of Myelin Lipids

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the features of myelin lipid synthesis, structure, and function. Myelin provides a rich opportunity for investigating the roles of lipids in cell biology and physiology. The dry mass of both central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin is characterized by a high lipid and low protein content compared with other biological membranes where the proportion of proteins exceeds that of lipids. The composition of brain myelin is largely conserved among mammalian species, although interesting differences have been noted. It is noted that there are no “myelin-specific” lipids per se, myelin is substantially enriched for certain lipids. In particular, galactocerebroside is highly enriched in myelin. Myelin has large quantities of cholesterol and ethanolamine-containing plasmalogens as well as lecithin and sphingomyelin is a relatively minor component. Furthermore, additional complexities within families of lipids are possible through variations in ceramide-alkyl chain length, hydroxylation, and desaturation. Finally, myelin can no longer be seen as a relatively inert insulation material for axons that simply assists in nerve conduction. Rather, myelin is part of an intricate three-way communication network among the environment, the myelin sheath, and the axolemmal membrane.
Vitamin D and the Renin-Angiotensin System

Publisher Summary The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a central regulator of renal and cardiovascular functions. Over-activation of the RAS leads to renal and cardiovascular disorders, such as hypertension and chronic kidney disease, the major risk factors for stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, progressive atherosclerosis, and renal failure. Mounting epidemiological and clinical evidence has demonstrated an association of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency with increased risks of renal and cardiovascular diseases. Long-term vitamin D deficiency can lead to over-activation of the RAS. Because of the broad involvement of the RAS in the development of renal and cardiovascular diseases, such findings have invaluable pathophysiological and therapeutic implications. They provide a mechanistic insight into the ever-increasing epidemiological and clinical evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to renal and cardiovascular problems in the general population. They also provide a molecular basis to explore the therapeutic potentials of vitamin D and its analogs in the prevention and intervention of these diseases. Therefore, the rising prevalence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease around the world attests the urgent need for new and more effective therapeutic methods.
Effects on Drivers’ Behavior of Forward Collision Warning System Alerts:

Forward collision warning (FCW) systems have been available for some time. Drivers 20-29 years of age are especially at risk for being involved in motor vehicle crashes due to distraction. (FCW) systems could potentially reduce rear-end crashes caused by distraction and other factors. A field operational experiment was run to determine whether FCW systems could reduce over time for this cohort the driving conflicts (rear-end crashes and near crashes) with lead vehicles. Information was gathered on 38 drivers over varying periods of time (up to a year) on alert rates [over vehicle miles traveled (VMT) or months], conflict rates, and responses to conflicts. Conflicts per 1,000 VMT decreased by 76.6%. The decrease in conflict rates was correlated with the decrease in alert rates (0.71), suggesting that drivers were responding positively to the alerts. There was no change in the responses to conflicts. Females had many fewer alerts than males.
An Energy-Detection-Based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme for Minimizing the Effects of NPEE and RSPF

For improved spectrum utilization, the key technique for acquiring spectrum situational awareness (SSA) -- spectrum sensing -- is greatly improved by cooperation among the active spectrum users, as network size increases. However, the many cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) schemes that have been proposed are based on the assumptions of accurate noise power estimates, characterizable variation in noise level and absence of false or malicious users. As part of a series of SSA research projects, in this research work, we propose a novel scheme for minimizing the effects of noise power estimation error (NPEE) and received signal power falsification (RSPF) by energy-based reliability evaluation. The scheme adopts the Voting rule for fusing multiple spectrum sensing data. Based on simulation results, the proposed scheme yields significant improvement, 68.2 - 88.8%, over the conventional CSS schemes, when compared on the basis of the schemes' stability to uncertainties in noise and signal power.
Sensor Deployment in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

We study the heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and propose the necessary condition of the optimal sensor deployment. Similar to that in homogeneous WSNs, the necessary condition implies that every sensor node location should coincide with the centroid of its own optimal sensing region. Moreover, we discuss the dynamic sensor deployment in both homogeneous and heterogeneous WSNs with limited communication range for the sensor nodes. The purpose of sensor deployment is to improve sensing performance, reflected by distortion and coverage. We model the sensor deployment problem as a source coding problem with distortion reflecting sensing accuracy. Traditionally, coverage is the area covered by the sensor nodes. However, when the communication range is limited, a WSN may be divided into several disconnected sub-graphs. Under such a scenario, neither the conventional distortion nor the coverage represents the sensing performance as the collected data in disconnected sub-graphs cannot be communicated with the access point. By defining an appropriate distortion measure, we propose a Restrained Lloyd (RL) algorithm and a Deterministic Annealing (DA) algorithm to optimize sensor deployment in both homogeneous and heterogeneous WSNs. Our simulation results show that both DA and RL algorithms outperform the existing Lloyd algorithm when communication range is limited.
Presentation of the Distinguished Public Service Medal for 2000 to Richard S. Fiske

Mr. President, Officers, Councilors and Members of the Mineralogical Society of America, ladies and gentlemen: It is a distinct honor and my great pleasure to introduce to you Richard S. Fiske, the year 2000 recipient of MSA’s Public Service Medal. Why is this an honor? Well, one is seldom placed in a position to publicly praise the guy who hired you. And no, Dick is not getting the Public Service Medal for having created, back in 1984, an entirely new position for a metamorphic petrologist! It is my pleasure to be able to tell you about Dick’s contributions to a broader audience’s understanding of volcanoes, especially Hawaiian volcanoes. These contributions have been made over a career as a research geologist, first at the United States Geological Survey, and now at the Smithsonian Institution, a career that has sustained two significant interruptions. Sitting before you is a veritable volcanological Lazarus, a man who has returned from a senior administrative …