cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Symbiotic Frankia bacteria in Alnus forests in Mexico and the United States of America: is geographic location a good predictor of assemblage structure?

While the biogeography of Alnus species is well characterized, that of their microbial symbionts remains less well understood. Little is known, for example, about how the genotypic richness of Alnus-associated Frankia bacteria varies at the continental scale, and the richness of Alnus-associated Frankia at tropical latitudes has yet to be explored. In this study, we conducted sequence-based analyses of the nifH gene comparing Frankia found in root nodules of two Alnus spe- cies in central Mexico with those associated with two Alnus species in the northwestern United States of America (USA). Similar to Frankia assemblages in northwestern USA and other geographic locations, genotypic richness within the Mexican samples was low, with five genotypes total using a ≥97% nifH sequence similarity cutoff. The vast majority of Mexican se- quences belonged to genotypes also very common in northwestern USA Alnus forests, although two novel Mexican geno- types were identified. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that all of the genotypes present in Mexico belong to larger clades of Alnus-associated Frankia. Genotype- and distance-based community analyses indicated that neither geographic location nor the phylogenetic relationships among hosts are strong predictors of Frankia assemblage structure. Our results suggest that factors other than classic biogeography are more influential in determining the continental-scale distribution and diver- sity of Alnus-associated Frankia. Resume : Bien que la biogeographie des especes d'Alnus soit bien documentee, celle de leurs symbiotes microbiens de- meure moins bien comprise. On sait peu de choses par exemple sur la facon avec laquelle la richesse genotypique des bacte- ries Frankia associees aux Alnus varie a l'echelle continentale; la richesse des Frankia associes aux Alnus aux latitudes
Idiopathic Differentiated Histiocytosis

Eighty-nine cases variously diagnosed as histiocytosis X, eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, Letterer-Siwe disease, or malignant histiocytosis from one institution were reviewed. Follow-up data were obtained for all patients.On the basis of clinicopathologic correlation, the following distinct groups were identified. 1. Disseminated histiocytosis (12 patients) with involvement of more than two organ systems at the time of recognition of the disease, affecting children less than 3 years of age (the patient's general condition is poor and hepatosplenomegaly is common. The patients do poorly, and all the patients in this group of the present study died. 2. Histiocytosis confined to bone, whether monostotic (36 patients) or polyostotic (eight patients). This type is self-healing, does not disseminate, and does not require intensive therapy. Clinically the patients are older and in good general condition during the course of the disease. Histologically histiocytes in these two groups are cytologically benign, and the whole process is inflammatory rather than neoplastic. Presence of giant cells, eosinophils, and necrosis are usually associated with better prognosis. Many neoplastic diseases and infectious processes manifest as histiocytosis. More than a third of the cases of this study diagnosed as histiocytosis proved to be other processes. This confusion contributes to differences of various reports and difficulty of interpretation of findings.
Establishment of a stuctural equation model for ageing phneotype among the elderly

Objective To examine the distribution of ageing phenotype among the elderly in Qingdao city and to explore the effects of age on ageing phenotype and whether there is a common factor or as-yet-unknown true cause representing shared variance for ageing phenotype.Methods A total of 2 006 Qingdao residents aged 50-74 years participated the survey in 2009.Individual's self-rated health(SRH),hand grip strength,5 sit-to-stand test time(STS-5),forced expiratory volumes in 1 second(FEV1),force vital capacity(FVC),near visual acuity,number of teeth lost,hearing threshold,cognitive function,and depression were measured.Structural equation model(SEM) was fitted by using Amos 7.0 software to explore the latent common factor for the ageing phenotypes.Results With the increase of age,SRH(β=-0.013),grip strength(β=-0.369),FEV1(β=-0.025),FVC(β=-0.023),near visual acuity(β=-0.005),and cognitive function(β=-0.016) declined(P0.001 for all),while STS-5 time(β=0.130),number of teeth lost(β=0.290),hearing threshold(β=0.516),and depression(β=0.123) increased(P0.001 for all).SEM analysis supported a latent common factor protecting ten phenotypes(∣β∣=0.012-5.513,P0.05) except hearing threshold(P=0.161).Conclusion All the ageing phenotypes being measured declined obviously with the increase of age.There is a latent common protective mechanism underlying the human healthy ageing.
DISTRIBUTION AND EPIDEMIC TRENDS OF CLONORCHIASIS IN GUANGXI

Objective To understand the distribution range and the trends in prevalence of clonorchiasis in Guangxi. Methods The eggs of Clonorchis sinensis in feces of the residents were checked by modified formalin ether sedimentation and Kato-Katz technique. The data of examination and past references were collected and analyzed. Results Clonorchiasis is found prevalent in 59 counties, namely 38.526 millions people at risk in Guangxi, in 2004. Comparing the data with that of the year 1985, recent numbers of the endemic county and the people at the risk increased 36 and 26.288 millions, respectively. The average infection rate in the population was 9.8% in year 2002 that was 8.1 times of the rate (1.2%) recorded in 1987-1989. The ratio of light, moderate, heavy and super heavy infections were 49.5%, 36.2%, 9.8% and 4.5%, respectively. Now in some endemic areas C. sinensis became major parasite in the residents and the infection rate was 33.0%. Conclusion The epidemic area of clonorchiasis in Guangxi is wider than before and the number of people at the risk is increasing. In some areas C. sinensis has become dominant parasite, which evidences the changing pattern in helminthic infections in Guangxi.
Exploring Teachers’ Depressive Symptoms, Interaction Quality, and Children’s Social-Emotional Development in Head Start

ABSTRACTResearch Findings: This study explored the role Head Start teachers’ (n = 355) depressive symptoms play in their interactions with children and in children’s (n = 2,203) social-emotional development, specifically changes in children’s problem behaviors and social skills as reported by parents and teachers during the preschool year. Results of the multilevel path analyses revealed that children in classrooms with more depressed teachers made significantly fewer gains in social-emotional skills as reported by both teachers and parents. We found no evidence of mediation by the quality of teacher–child interactions. Practice or Policy: These findings have implications for understanding and supporting Head Start teachers’ mental health and potentially improving children’s social-emotional outcomes.
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Surgery or Not in Locally Advanced Disease

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive and lethal of all malignancies. Survival correlates inversely with TNM stage. Surgery is recommended in potentially grossly resectable (R0 resection, negative margins; R1 resection, microscopically positive margins) stage IVA (intrathyroidal primary tumor) or IVB (extrathyroidal extension) disease in patients who elect aggressive treatment; the role of R2 (gross residual disease/debulking resection) is less certain. Extent of surgery generally correlates positively with outcomes, as patients with R0 or R0/R1 resections tend to survive longer, biased by expected better outcomes in patients with more easily resectable disease. Although a general exclusion criterion for surgery has been stage IVC (metastatic) disease, surgery may have a role in selected patients presenting with distant metastases by decreasing deaths from locoregional tumor progression. Aggressive multimodal therapy presently offers the most successful approach to prolonging survival in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer, and older age, extensive locoregional disease, and stage IVC disease should not exclude consideration of surgery. Multicenter prospective studies are required to better characterize and optimize the individual contributions of surgery, external radiation, and systemic therapies (both cytotoxic and targeted) to outcomes including survival.
The Role of the Anterior Temporal Lobe in Sentence Processing

There are numerous computations necessary for successful sentence comprehension, including phonological, semantic, syntactic, and combinatorial processes. Although Broca’s area has long been the focus of sentence-level research, the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) has emerged as a strong candidate for supporting sentence processing because there is ample evidence that the ATL is sensitive to the presence of sentence structure. This chapter focuses on how the ATL may contribute to sentence comprehension, in particular in relation to basic syntactic and combinatorial semantic operations.
Drop-Jump Landing Varies With Baseline Neurocognition: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk and Prevention

Background:Neurocognitive status may be a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Neurocognitive domains such as visual attention, processing speed/reaction time, and dual-tasking may influence ACL injury risk via alterations to neuromuscular performance during athletic tasks. However, the relationship between neurocognition and performance during athletic tasks is not yet established.Hypothesis:Athletes with low baseline neurocognitive scores will demonstrate poorer jump landing performance compared with athletes with high baseline neurocognitive score.Study Design:Controlled laboratory study.Methods:Neurocognitive performance was measured using the Concussion Resolution Index (CRI). Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data of the dominant limb were collected for 37 recreational athletes while performing an unanticipated jump-landing task. Healthy, nonconcussed subjects were screened using a computer-based neurocognitive test into a high performers (HP; n = 20; average CRI percentile...
Rapid structural changes that take place during constrained annealing of biaxially stretched pet films

The aim of this work is to study the structural changes that take place during the heat setting of simultaneously and sequentially biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate films. The rate of structural rearrangement, as detected by real-time birefringence and off-line the Raman spectroscopy, DSC thermal analysis and X-rays, was found to be dependent on the state of the orientation and crystallinity attained by the samples during the stretching step. This suggested that the annealing behavior can be categorized into three regimes according to the birefringence behavior of the samples. At low deformations, the films not crystallized by strain exhibit complete birefringence relaxation without showing any sign of crystallization. The intermediate ratio samples that were stretched to the onset of the strain-induced crystallization exhibited the highest levels of birefringence increase after a short relaxation. The samples stretched well above the onset of the strain-induced crystallization exhibited intermediate level of birefringence and crystallinity increase. Therefore, the classification of the three regimes was found to be related to the onset of the strain-induced crystallization during the stretching step. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Introduction to the Colloidal Glass Transition

Colloids are suspensions of small solid particles in a liquid and exhibit glassy behavior when the particle concentration is high. In these samples, the particles are roughly analogous to individual molecules in a traditional glass. This model system has been used to study the glass transition since the 1980s. In this Viewpoint I summarize some of the intriguing behaviors of the glass transition in colloids and discuss open questions.
Light-Sheet Microscopy using Attenuation-Compensating Airy Beam

Diffraction-free light fields such as Airy beam have attracted significant attention due to their ability to retain their transverse intensity profile during propagation. This ability is highly desirable for light-sheet microscopy whose field of view (FOV) is usually limited by the Rayleigh range of the Gaussian beam used to create the light sheet. However, the extended FOV of Airy beam light-sheet microscopy can be comprised by the non-uniformity of illumination, especially in thick, highly scattering and absorbing tissues. To provide a more uniform illumination, light-sheet excitation from both sides of the sample is adopted, which results in higher system complexity and optical alignment difficulties. Here we introduce the concept of a digital micromirror device (DMD)-based Airy beam light-sheet microscope (DMD-ALS) that can compensate the intensity loss caused by scattering and absorption in biological tissues. In our modelling, DMD-ALS can provide thin and uniform illumination over a large range, thus eliminating the necessity of dual excitation. The attenuation-compensating Airy beam is generated by phase-modulating a Gaussian laser beam with a DMD displaying the Lee hologram. The fluorescence intensity profile along the optical axis is measured and used for the calculation of DMD spatial pattern in real time. This feedback adaptive procedures ensures optimal attenuation compensation for a variety of biological tissues with different optical properties, without human intervention. Taking advantage of the fast frame-rate (∼32kHz) of DMD, we expect that the adaptive control algorithm converges within 50 ms.
12 Magnetic Determination of Structure and Electron Density in Functioning Catalytic Solids

Magnetic methods are, like x-ray diffraction, a tool for gaining structural information. These methods have been used to measure the effective dispersion of a paramagnetic oxide such as chromia gel or chromia supported on alumina and to determine oxidation states and bonding types under conditions where other procedures are difficult or inapplicable. Magnetic methods are useful also in the identification and estimation of ferromagnetic components such as iron carbide in Fischer-Tropsch or synthetic ammonia catalysts. More recent studies have shown that a magnetic method may reveal the distribution of particle sizes in supported nickel catalysts. The method appears to be effective down to near-atomic dimensions, and it permits independent determination of rates and activation energies for the reduction process as contrasted with the sintering, or particle-growth, process. The structural relationship of impurities or promoters, such as copper, in the nickel is readily determined, and extension of the method to cobalt and iron catalysts seems possible. The most interesting result of these newer studies is the development of a method for investigating the mechanism of chemisorption under a wide variety of conditions including those in which the catalyst is actually functioning. It is possible to measure, magnetically, the density of electrons in a functioning catalyst and to determine the direction of electron transfer from adsorbed molecule to metal particle. It has, for instance, been shown that while hydrogen is normally adsorbed on nickel by electron transfer to the nickel, on extremely small nickel particles the process is possibly one of hydride-ion formation. These observations may be made by induction methods in standard gas adsorption equipment without modification and with only moderate and inexpensive additions for estimation of specific magnetization. This work is believed to have implications in the areas of selective sintering, selective poisoning, and catalyst selectivity in general. With the aid of paramagnetic and nuclear resonance techniques it may be possible to extend the method to nonferromagnetic catalysts.
A Synopsis of the 1928 National Research Council's Bulletin on “The Coroner and the Medical Examiner”:

The 1928 National Research Council (NRC) Bulletin on “The Coroner and the Medical Examiner” is an often-referenced report because it compares the two system types and recommends that coroner system...
Abstract 041: Elevated Circulating Copeptin in Mid-Gestation is Associated with Increased Aortic Stiffness and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Pregnant Women at High Risk for Preeclampsia

Circulating copeptin, a stable biomarker of vasopressin (AVP) secretion, is elevated throughout pregnancy in women who develop preeclampsia (PreE) and is a strong predictor of PreE as early as the 6th week gestation. Reduced vascular endothelial function and increased aortic stiffness occur in mid-gestation before clinical signs/symptoms of PreE manifest, suggesting that maternal vascular dysfunction may be an early event in the pathogenesis of PreE. However, it is unknown whether elevated copeptin/AVP in early/mid gestation contributes to vascular dysfunction in pregnant women who subsequently develop PreE. Therefore, we hypothesized that elevated copeptin would be associated with increased aortic stiffness and reduced vascular endothelial function in early/mid gestation of pregnant women at high risk for PreE. Pregnant women in the 1st trimester (n=72; age=30 ±1 yrs; BMI=34 ± 1 kg/m2) with at least 1 risk factor for PreE were enrolled. Aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, CFPWV), vascular endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, FMD), blood pressure (BP) and plasma copeptin (ELISA) were assessed in both the 1st (11.7 ± 0.2 wks) and 2nd (18.8 ± 0.4 wks) trimesters. In the 1st trimester, CFPWV (7.3 ± 0.2 vs. 7.3 ± 0.5 m/sec, P=0.86), brachial artery FMD (12.9 ± 1.1 vs. 14.3 ± 2.0%, P=0.53), BP, BMI and age did not differ between women in the highest (1513 ± 221 pg/ml) vs. lowest (279 ± 12 pg/ml) quartile of copeptin (P<0.01). In contrast, 2nd trimester CFPWV was greater (7.2 ± 0.2 vs. 6.4 ± 0.2 m/sec, P<0.05) and brachial artery FMD was lower (10.2 ± 2.8 vs. 16.5 ± 1.3 %, P<0.05) among women in the highest (1714 ± 481 pg/ml) vs. the lowest (249 ± 13 pg/ml) quartile of copeptin (P<0.01), in the absence of differences in BP, BMI or age. For the entire cohort, (log)copeptin was significantly correlated with CFPWV (r=0.23, P=0.04) and tended to correlate with FMD (r=-0.23, P=0.06) in the 2nd but not in the 1st trimester. These data suggest that elevated copeptin in mid-gestation is associated with aortic stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction in pregnant women at high risk for PreE, but whether increased copeptin/AVP causes vascular dysfunction in pregnancies destined for PreE requires further studies using animal models.
The Last Days of Innocence: America at War, 1917-1918, by Meirion and Susie Harries. (New York: Random House, 1997. 1997. Pp. 573. $32.50)

Leave it to the Brits to celebrate the eightieth anniversary of America's entry into the Great War. British authors Meirion and Susan Harries have combined their talents to bring forth a new perspective on America during World War I. Although not historians by training, they come prepared with both research and writing skills: Meirion is an attorney, and Susie is a classical scholar and review for the London Times Literary Supplement .
“Spanish Flu, or Whatever It Is. . . .”: The Paradox of Public Health in a Time of Crisis

Without the modern tools of surveillance, or the ability to develop a national vaccination campaign, local health departments were often on their own in preparing and combating the spread of the disease during the influenza epidemic of 1918. This article reviews the state of public health before the epidemic, seeking to place the reaction to the disease in the context of the evolution of public health. The epidemic struck at a critical time in the history of the nation and of public health, and we must explore not only the tools and technologies that were available to practitioners at the time, but also the authority provided by local and state public health practitioners to apply these tools. Much of public health was rooted in the experiences and practices developed over the previous century in responding to often dramatic outbreaks of cholera, yellow fever, typhoid, and a host of other infectious diseases.
Metal Oxide Oxygen Carriers

Introduction Partial oxidation of carbonaceous fuels in the chemical looping process uses metal oxide based oxygen carriers for the transfer of oxygen from air to the fuel. As discussed in Chapter 1, in a chemical looping partial oxidation (CLPO) process, oxygen carriers provide oxygen to partially oxidize the fuel in the fuel reactor or the reducer, thereby undergoing reduction themselves. The reduced oxygen carriers are then regenerated by air in the air reactor or the combustor and circulated back to the reducer. The oxidation reactions occurring in the combustor are highly exothermic and the heat generated can be used for power generation. The CLPO process thus generates separate streams of syngas or chemicals from the reducer and an O 2 -depleted flue gas from the combustor, which obviates many downstream processing steps for product generation. Oxygen carrier materials play a key role in determining the product quality and process efficiency for a CLPO process. During reduction, the oxygen carrier donates the required amount of lattice oxygen for fuel conversion and product synthesis. In the oxidation step, the depleted oxygen carriers are replenished with oxygen from the air while heat is released, allowing for autothermal operation. Extensive research has been conducted into the design and development of optimum oxygen carrier materials. Oxygen carriers for successful chemical looping operation need to possess certain properties, like high oxygen carrying capacity, high fuel conversion, good redox reactivity, fast kinetics, good recyclability, long-term stability, high attrition resistance, good heat carrying capacity, high melting point, resistance to toxicity, and low production cost. In addition, the applications for partial oxidation require certain distinct oxygen carrier properties in order to accurately control product selectivity. Various materials have been studied for CLPO applications. During the early stages of development, single component materials were used as oxygen carriers. More recently, the development of oxygen carriers has been directed towards using multiple metal based composite materials as oxygen carriers for improved performance. While selecting oxygen carrier materials, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms helps in engineering particles with the desired qualities. The structural evolution and integrity of these particles during reaction has a direct implication on particle strength and reactivity. These, in turn, are governed by intrinsic ionic transfer mechanisms. Some of the major challenges in the development of oxygen carriers include designing oxygen carriers with both good reactivity and good recyclability.
The political ecology of local environmental narratives: power, knowledge, and mountain caribou conservation

Political ecology seeks to address notable weaknesses in the social sciences that consider how human society and the environment shape each other over time. Considering questions of ideology and scientific discourse, power and knowledge, and issues of conservation and environmental history, political ecology offers an alternative to technocratic approaches to policy prescriptions and environmental assessment. Integrating these insights into the science-policy interface is crucial for discerning and articulating the role of local resource users in environmental conservation. This paper applies political ecology to addresses a gap in the literature that exists at the interface of narratives of local environmental change and local ecological knowledge and doing so builds a nuanced critique of the rationality of local ecological knowledge. The ways that we view nature and generate, interpret, communicate, and understand the "science" of environmental problems is deeply embedded in particular economic, political, and ecological contexts. In interior British Columbia, Canada, these dynamics unfold in one of the most rigorously documented examples of the negative effect of anthropogenic disturbance on an endangered species – declining mountain caribou population. Science notwithstanding, resource users tell narratives of population decline that clearly reflect historical regularities deeply embedded in particular economic, political, and ideological constructions situated in local practices. This research assesses these narratives, discusses the implications, and explores pathways for integrating local knowledge and narratives into conservation science and policy. A more informed understanding of the subjectivities and rationalities of local knowledges can and should inform conservation science and policy. Keywords: Political ecology, local ecological knowledge, narrative, environmental change, environmental management, British Columbia, Rangifer tarandus caribou.
New Injectable Agents for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Part 1 - Injectable Insulins.

Abstract The United States Food and Drug Administration has recently approved several new insulin products and new formulations of existing insulin products. These new products may provide advantages over older products, such as a lower risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia and ease of dosing; however, they are costly. The first of 2 articles in a series, this review will describe the potential advantages and disadvantages of these new insulin products.
Magnetic and thermal behavior of a family of compositionally related zero-dimensional fluorides

Abstract The mild hydrothermal crystal growth technique has been leveraged to synthesize four new zero-dimensional transition metal fluorides. Their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal, optical, and magnetic properties were investigated and the presence of thermal polymorphism and antiferromagnetism were observed. In addition, the potential application of these materials as precursors for advanced functional materials was explored.
The noise susceptibility of various speech bands.

The degrading influence of noise on various critical bands of speech was assessed. A modified version of the compound method [Apoux and Healy (2012) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132, 1078–1087] was employed to establish this noise susceptibility for each speech band. Noise was added to the target speech band at various signal-to-noise ratios to determine the amount of noise required to reduce the contribution of that band by 50%. It was found that noise susceptibility is not equal across the speech spectrum, as is commonly assumed and incorporated into modern indexes. Instead, the signal-to-noise ratio required to equivalently impact various speech bands differed by as much as 13 dB. This noise susceptibility formed an irregular pattern across frequency, despite the use of multi-talker speech materials designed to reduce the potential influence of a particular talker's voice. But basic trends in the pattern of noise susceptibility across the spectrum emerged. Further, no systematic relationship was observed between noise susceptibility and speech band importance. It is argued here that susceptibility to noise and band importance are different phenomena, and that this distinction may be underappreciated in previous works.The degrading influence of noise on various critical bands of speech was assessed. A modified version of the compound method [Apoux and Healy (2012) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132, 1078–1087] was employed to establish this noise susceptibility for each speech band. Noise was added to the target speech band at various signal-to-noise ratios to determine the amount of noise required to reduce the contribution of that band by 50%. It was found that noise susceptibility is not equal across the speech spectrum, as is commonly assumed and incorporated into modern indexes. Instead, the signal-to-noise ratio required to equivalently impact various speech bands differed by as much as 13 dB. This noise susceptibility formed an irregular pattern across frequency, despite the use of multi-talker speech materials designed to reduce the potential influence of a particular talker's voice. But basic trends in the pattern of noise susceptibility across the spectrum emerged. Further, no systematic relationship was observed betwee...
Clinical, Laboratory and Electrodiagnostic Features of Peripheral Neuropathy in Copper Deficiency and Copper Toxicity (P1.464)

Objective: To compare the clinical features of NP between copper deficiency (CD) and copper toxicity patients. Background: Copper is both essential and toxic to humans. Copper deficiency (CD) and copper intoxication/toxicity (CT) may cause multisystem dysfunctions including the central/peripheral nervous systems. CD causes myeloneuropathy with electrophysiologic features resembling vitamin B12 deficiency. However, the clinical manifestations, particularly peripheral neuropathy (NP), of CT due to the increased plasma level of copper have not been reported in the literature. Design/Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of our neuromuscular clinic/EMG laboratory database from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2016 to identify CD and CT patients. Subjects with zinc abnormality were excluded. Data and findings were obtained from the charts on clinical presentations, neurological examinations, laboratory studies and records of nerve conduction studies and needle electromyograms performed on 1 arm and 1 leg. Results: Eight patients including 5 CD (Male/Female=4/1; age: 54.2±16.9 years; copper=55±8.5 mcg/dL [ref=72–166]; zinc=74.4±15.5 mcg/dL [ref=56–134]) and 3 CT patients (M/F=1/2; age: 57±8.2 years; copper=215±10.8 mcg/dL; zinc=72.3±14.6 mcg/dL) were included. The notable findings in presentation and neurological examination included high frequency in occurrence of gait abnormalities seen in CD patients while equal frequency of abnormal sensation in both CD and CT. Deep tendon reflexes could be either brisk in CD only or decreased in both CD and CT. Preexisting comorbidity such as diarrhea were observed in CT patients but not in CD. Laboratory findings showed vitamin D deficiency in CT (16.4±5.6 ng/ml) but not in CD (40.4±4.7 ng/ml). Neurophysiologic studies showed evidence of NP more so in CD than in CT. Detailed results of clinical, laboratory and electrodiagnostic findings will be presented. Conclusions: Different patterns of clinical, neurological examination and neurophysiological findings between CD and CT suggest different pathophysiology. Disclosure: Dr. Haynes has nothing to disclose. Dr. Luo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bumanlag has nothing to disclose.
COMBINED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP AND AUTOLOGOUS PLASMA CONCENTRATE TO CLOSE A LARGE TRAUMATIC MACULAR HOLE IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT.

Purpose To describe a case of a large, traumatic macular hole in a pediatric patient closed using an internal limiting membrane flap in combination with autologous plasma concentrate (APC). Methods Description of a surgical technique as performed in one patient. Results Successful macular hole closure and improvement in postoperative visual acuity were achieved in the patient in whom the technique was performed. Conclusion The combined use of APC with the internal limiting membrane flap is advantageous because the APC acts to hold the internal limiting membrane in proper position and promotes the proliferation of glial cells through the presence of growth factors. This technique may be particularly advantageous in chronic or recalcitrant holes particularly in the setting of trauma.
Design of a 250 GHz disk-loaded waveguide TWT amplifier

A mm-wave disk-loaded waveguide (DLWG) traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier is being designed for operation at 250 GHz. This design, in which coupling from cell to cell is via a highly ovesized beam tunnel, is attractive due to the ease in fabrication, even at high frequencies. The design has been conducted using analytic Pierce theory and time-domain simulations, which predict high gain. However, particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations show hybrid modes that de-bunch the electron beam and deteriorate the device performance when the structure length is increased to achieve very high gain. Additional design optimization is needed to avoid these unwanted modes.
Teachers' perceptions of knowledge needed to successfully teach multilingual students

This study investigates what schoolteachers think they need to know about their students in order to successfully teach them. From a particular context of teachers in an urban Midwest school district, the perceptions of local practicing teachers were compared to a model constructed from literature and research on culturally relevant pedagogy, a field that centers on bridging the gap between home and school cultures so that all students may be academically successful, not just those students whose cultures coincide more closely to school culture. Four main knowledge areas were identified and used as the model for this study’s methods: Language and Communication knowledge, Instructional knowledge, Culture and Community knowledge, and Critical Perspectives knowledge. Drawing from these four areas, teachers were asked for their perceptions of the knowledge they need regarding their ethnically diverse students through the use of a survey and follow-up interviews. The data were analyzed to see how important teachers viewed the knowledge and how familiar they were with the knowledge. The findings are beneficial in regards to identifying areas of culturally relevant teaching knowledge that may need more attention in this particular context of teachers responding to a diverse student population. Implications and recommendations for professional development are given for teaching ethnically diverse students. The research questions guiding this study are the following: 1. How familiar are teachers with the types of knowledge that the literature suggests they need to know about their culturally diverse students in order for successful culturally relevant teaching to occur? 2. How important are these types of knowledge to teachers? 3. Do teachers view their own knowledge base of and adaptability to ethnically diverse students as partially the reason behind their academic success or failure?
CO2 Exchange in Lichens: Towards a Mechanistic Model

Photosynthesis, a process by which radiant energy is converted to chemical energy, is, of course, the essential foundation for most forms of life. To measure photosynthetic rate in atmospheric environments, one normally focuses on CO2 influx, which is partially balanced by respiratory CO2 efflux, and consequently the measurement of CO2 exchange in the light is called net photosynthesis (Pn). Ideally, to measure the absolute rate of CO2 incorporation, the enzyme activity of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase, the enzyme controlling the incorporation of CO2 should be measuredin vivo. However, in practice it is much easier to measure CO2 exchange, particularly when dealing with a whole plant or intact portion thereof.
Dialectics, Ethnography, and Educational Research

Dissatisfaction with current approaches to research in educational contexts has lead to a search for new direction—both methodologically and theoretically. Recent trends in educational research suggest that a dialectical theoretical orientation,as outlined by Riegel (1979), can offer useful guidelines for formulating substantive research questions and generating the scope and structure of theoretical concepts relevant to studying educational settings. At the same time, ethnography, the method of inquiry of sociocultural anthropology, promises to provide a compatible valid organon (Rychlak, 1976) or set of basic principles for conducting educational research on topics of interest to dialecticians. Further, by conducting educational ethnographies within Riegel’s dialectical framework, researchers will be in sync with the actors in the social scenes under investigation, since it appears probable that students learn ethnographically and think dialectically.
Retrospective evaluation of the efficacy of minimally invasive, fluoroscopic-assisted reduction and stabilisation of unicondylar humeral fractures.

OBJECTIVE:This study evaluated the proficiency in executing closed, fluoroscopic-assisted reduction of unicondylar humeral fractures. The following were hypothesised: experienced surgeons would be highly successful in performing closed reduction; body weight, time to surgery and surgeon experience would influence the reduction method; and the reduction method would not affect technical aspects of the repair. METHODS: All unicondylar humeral fractures stabilised between January 2007 and January 2017 were reviewed. Signalment and time to surgery, experience of the attending surgeon, and the initial and definitive reduction methods were recorded. Initial and subsequent postoperative radiographs were used to assess fracture reduction, implant placement and complications. Univariate polychotomous logistic regressions, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis rank sums non-parametric test or equivalence tests were used to compare parameters evaluated based on the approach employed (P < 0.05 significant). RESULTS:A total of 36 dogs with 37 fractures were identified (median weight: 5.4 kg; median time to surgery: 3 days). Of these, 11 of 15 attempted closed reductions were successful. Successful closed reductions had shorter times to surgery than limited open or open reductions (P = 0.009). Age, weight and surgeon experience did not influence the definitive reduction method. Technical aspects of reduction and stabilisation were similar among the reduction methods. Surgery times were shorter for closed reductions (P = 0.034). Of the fractures, 75% healed without complications and 85% had excellent long-term function. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that closed, fluoroscopic-assisted reduction is a proficient (73% successful) and efficient (shorter surgery times with comparable technical results compared with other limited open and open reduction) means of stabilising acute unicondylar humeral fractures.
Ribociclib for the first-line treatment of advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: a review of subgroup analyses from the MONALEESA-2 trial

Endocrine therapy is recommended for patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced and metastatic breast cancer without visceral crisis (symptomatic visceral disease). However, many patients experience disease progression during treatment, and most patients eventually develop endocrine resistance. Therefore, it is important to identify treatment options that prolong the effectiveness of first-line endocrine therapies. Ribociclib is an orally bioavailable cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor that has been approved for use in combination with an aromatase inhibitor for the treatment of HR+, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer. This approval is based on findings from the MONALEESA-2 study, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase 3 trial (NCT01958021) in which first-line therapy with ribociclib + letrozole significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with placebo + letrozole in patients with HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer. This review will discuss the overall findings from the MONALEESA-2 study and will provide a summarized analysis of results from the available subgroups in the study by age, visceral metastases, bone-only disease, de novo disease, and prior therapy. On the basis of these data, ribociclib has established itself as a beneficial treatment option for these different populations. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01958021 . Registered on 8 October 2013.
The Effects of Tropical Cyclone-Generated Deposition on the Sustainability of the Pearl River Marsh, Louisiana: The Importance of the Geologic Framework

Shoreline retreat is a tremendously important issue along the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico, especially in Louisiana. Although this marine transgression results from a variety of causes, the crucial factor is the difference between marsh surface elevation and rising sea levels. In most cases, the primary cause of a marsh’s inability to keep up with sea level is the lack of input of inorganic material. Although tropical cyclones provide an important source of such sediment, little effort has been made to determine the point of origin of the deposited material. In this study we use sedimentary, geochemical and biogeochemical data to identify the bed of the Pearl River and/or Lake Borgne as the source of a ~5 cm thick clastic layer deposited on the surface of the Pearl River marsh on the Louisiana/Mississippi border. Radiochemical chronologies and sedimentary evidence indicate that this layer was associated with the passage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. As this material would otherwise have been lost to the system, this deposition indicates a net gain to marsh surface elevation. Accretion rates, determined from 137Cs and 14C profiles and the use of the Katrina layer as a stratigraphic marker, indicate that short-term (~50 years) rates are as much as an order of magnitude higher than the long- term (1000s of years) rates. We suggest that the marsh’s geologic setting in an incised river valley with steep vertical constraints and a large fluvial discharge, promotes rapid accretion rates, with rates accelerating as the sea moves inland, due to extended hydroperiods and the input of clastic material from both the marine and terrestrial sides. These rates are especially large when compared to accretion occurring in the more common open marshes fringing the Gulf that lack fluvial input. The difference is particularly large when related to marsh recovery/regrowth following the deposition of thick hurricane-generated clastic layers. Given the number of similar incised river valleys along the Gulf Coast, we believe that understanding the processes controlling marsh accretion in such environments is essential in evaluating marsh sustainability on a regional basis.
Intrinsically fluorescent gold nanoclusters stabilized within a copper storage protein that follow the Irving–Williams trend in metal ion sensing

Creating new environmentally friendly and non-toxic biomaterials with novel properties is required for numerous applications in healthcare and sensing. Protein bound gold nanoclusters constitute one such class of materials that offer promise in fluorescence imaging and sensing applications. However, unlike alkane thiol-protected gold nanoclusters, the number of protein-templated gold nanoclusters with such properties is limited and there is a need to expand the repertoire of such attractive hybrid quantum clusters. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and applications of new fluorescent gold nanoclusters with tunable emission properties including blue, orange, and red, within a four-helix bundle copper storage protein (Csp1). The template protein consists of 13 cysteines along the length of the helix, which are suitable ligands to template Au and stabilize the resulting 14-19 atom clusters within the protein. The resulting clusters were extensively characterized by employing spectroscopic, microscopic and other analytical methods. The optical emission, relative quantum yields, and the excited state lifetime of the clusters are shown to depend on synthetic conditions. The clusters were found to be sensitive to the ppm level of transition metal ions with the quenching capabilities following the Irving-Williams series of metals (Co2+ < Ni2+ < Cu2+), which is rationalized based on the relative affinities of transition metals for a given set of ligands. The clusters were also found to be stable across the pH range 4-8.5 which, along with tunable emission properties paves the path for live bio-imaging and bio-sensing applications under physiological conditions.
Isolated Left Lower Lobe Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis Presenting as Hemothorax

Characterized by pleural and subpleural fibrosis with alveolar septal elastosis, pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis is a rare restrictive lung disease. Symptoms are often subtle, including dyspnea, cough, and weight loss; while acute presentations of spontaneous pneumothorax have been recorded. We report a patient who developed a spontaneous hemothorax, who upon evacuation of the chest was found to have a hemorrhagic lower lobe mass consistent with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. Various conditions are associated with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis, suggesting chronic lung injury as a factor in pathogenesis. Hemothorax of this magnitude with relatively no known inciting risk factors, represents an exceptionally rare case presentation.
Facilitating Collaborative Metadata Creation for Faculty-initiated Digital Projects

The usability and long-term preservation of digital humanities projects, such as a digital archive or other project built around digitized materials, depend on thoughtful and thorough metadata crea...
Genotyping by multiplexed sequencing (GMS): A customizable platform for genomic selection

As genotyping technologies continue to evolve, so have their throughput and multiplexing capabilities. In this study, we demonstrate a new PCR-based genotyping technology that multiplexes thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with high-throughput capabilities in a simple protocol using a two-step PCR approach. The bioinformatic pipeline is user friendly and yields results that are intuitive to interpret. This method was tested on two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations that had previous genotyping data from the Illumina Infinium assay for Triticum aestivum L. and the two data sets were found to be 100% in agreement. The genotyping by multiplexed sequencing (GMS) protocol multiplexes 1,656 wheat SNP markers, 207 syntenic barley SNP markers, and 49 known informative markers, which generate a possible 2,433 data points (including homoeoalleles and paralogs). This genotyping approach has the flexibility of being sequenced on either the Ion Torrent or Illumina next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms. Products are the result of direct sequencing and are therefore more reliable than scatter plot analysis which is the output of other genotyping methods such as the Illumina Infinium assay, komeptitive allele specific PCR and other like technologies.